Wayne Township

Wayne Township

Wayne was one of the three original townships, and was organized June 29. 1836, and at that time contained all of what is now towns 32, 31, and the north half of 30. Another divide was made, and March 8, 1S3S, Wayne was increased by the addition of town 32 north, range 5 east. Harrison Townshi]) afterward ceded to Wayne a one and one-half mile strip on the west, thus giving it an area six by seven and one-half miles. Wayne is bounded on the north by Plain, east by Washington, south by Mi n roe and Clay, and west by Harrison townships.

The tirst settlements were made during the summer of 1834, by Peter Warner, William Kelly, John Knowles, Arnold Cain, William C. (iraves, James Robinson and James Comstock, all of whom located west of Warsaw. The following year Metcalf Peck, Daniel Webb, Charles Sleeper, John AV. Morris, Andrew R. Willis and John Pittenger located.

The tirst store was built u])on the northeast quarter of section 29, by Judge James Comstock, and the first item sold over the counter was a half pound of Cavendish tobacco, Penjamin Pennett being the purchaser. C'liarles Sleeper built the tirst mill on Clear Creek where the Liberty Mills road crosses. The mill was built of logs, and John Inks, of Milford, made the burrs from niggerhead stone.

Dr. William Willis was the first resident ])liysiciiiii, and settled near the. south side of Eagle Lake. James Comstock, Sr., with John Pittinger, erected a saw-mill on AValnut Creek, the second one built in the township. David Dawson married Miss Nancj Losure in Februai-y, 1838, the first resident couple married in the township.

Three beautiful lakes are situated in W^ayne, of which greater mention will be made elsewhere. All are navigable for small steamers, and ai'e well stocked with fish.

Warsaw

This enterprising city was surveyed by (^diristopher Lightfoot, and W . H. Knott, "]ir<>prietor of the town, filed his plat before Jacob Rannels, justice of the peace, October 21, 1836.

Richard H. Lansdale and Richard L. Britton soon afterward laid out other additions to the town, and the county seat was located here on condition that half the proceeds from the sale of lots should accrue to the county'.

Warsaw was named by Hon. John B. Chapman, in honor of the capital of Poland. Although this beautiful city did not pass through such fearful ordeals as did its namesake, yet the conflicts that ensued befoi'e the county seat was finally located, at times bade fair to open hostilities between rival villages.

Warsaw was in an early day an uninviting location, laid out as it was so near the lakes, tlie banks of which were skirted by tall tamarack and scrubby oaks.

The first cabin was built of tamarack poles, by Matthew D. Springer, and was located on lot 6, in Stinson's addition. The house was 20 X 24. with a puncheon floor which covered only a part of the enclosure, six feet of the floor being occupied l)y a huge fireplace, the back wall built witii the niggerheads so abundant at that date. Stakes were di-iven each side of the fii-eplace, with forks at the to]) through which a pole rested that supported the pots and kettles while meals were prepared. The puncheon floor was elevated several inches in front of the fireplace, and served for a seat. Springer was not only the first comer, but his house was also an inn where the hungry and tired traveler could rest and refresh himself. The range for beds was made by placing posts in the ground, to which were attached stringers of wood, with strips of hickory bark stretched across for beds to rest on. Matthews and his wife were host, hostess, chambermaids, hostlers and cooks, and with their guests slei)t in one room and made the best of life in a primitive way.

Jacob Losure erected a hewed-log house in 1836, at the corner of Lake and Center streets. This house was 20 x 30, and was also nsed as a hotel. In it the second term of court was held.

Philip Lash erected a smithy, and John Geiselman a chair shop, in 1836. H. Higbee embarked in the manufacture of furniture the next year, and William A. Chandler began the manufacture of wagons.

Jacob Baker was appointed postmaster, and a postofHce was established in Warsaw February 11, 1837. It was made a Presidential office April 25, 1865, and Peter L. Runyan, the incumbent at the time, was reappointed. His son, John N. Runyan, was appointed March 19, 1867, and held the position continuously until August, 1886, when he resigned and AV. H. Bowser took charge of the ottice.

Where the Masonic Temple stands, a onestory building 18 x 36 feet was built. The west room was occupied as a store-room, the east room was occuiiied by R. II. Lansdale as count}' clerk's office. The stick chimney caught tire and it was burned in 1838. On the lot now occupied by B. Q. Morris as a book-store was a frame house occupied by Mahlon F. Davis, the county treasurer, as a residence and treasurer's office.

The iirst resident attorney was Clement B. Simonson, whose office and residence was a log building that occupied the west end of the lot, upon which the Lake City Bank stands. The grocery store, a small log cabin, stood upon the site of the ]ialatial residence of Dr. Bash, and was owned by "William J. Pope vS: Co. Andrew Nye dispensed liquid refreshments, candies, etc., in a small frame building surrounded by brush, that occupied the site of the furniture rooms of Ale & Moore. Jacob Baker, who was afterward probate judge, lived in state in a log cabin that marked the site of the Hon. George Moon's residence. Arnold Fairbruther, county recorder, had his office and residence in a log house situated close to the outlet of Eagle Lake, near the residence owned by Colonel Chapman.

Ludlow Nye, afterward sheriff, had a log residence situated on the high ground south of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago depot, and had about one acre cleared and planted. These comprise the first fan:ilies to make a home on the present site of Warsaw. South of Eagle Creek, on the Dr. C. W. Burkett farm, lived Phillip Lash and family. Provisions could scarcely be obtained during the spring and summer of 1837, although money was plenty enough, and many really sufi'ered for food. Lash cleared a small piece of land, planted corn, but the ground squirrels ate it. lie then planted a portion of the ground in potatoes, but a short time afterward was obliged to dig them up and use them for food to keep his family from starving. Henry L. Farmer was forced to do likewise, and it is well known that for weeks some of the people living iu the township subsisted on game and basswood buds. The historian is under obligations to I.. I. Morris for the above information, and as he has resided in Warsaw since that date, he was cognizant of all herein stated. For a number of years the growth of Warsaw was slow. The north part of the county having been first opened to market, very luiturally Leesburgli exceeded it in size and importance for a number of years. The tirsl substantial stimulus that Warsaw received, aside from being the county seat, was when the building of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad became an assured fact. The prospect of railroad communication with the outer world infused into the people new life and enterprise. Naturally attractive in location, when that great thoroughfai'e was pushed from Fort Wayne westward, Warsaw took a forward bound that was surprising even to tliose who had alwaj's predicted its future greatness. Real estate rapidly rose in value, and in the autumn of 1856, when the railroad was completed, it was the largest town between Fort Wayne and Chicago.

Warsaw became the shipping point for all the produce raised, not only within the limits of this, but every adjoining county. Then followed the war with its attending excitement, and like all other towns throughout the country, Warsaw felt the depressing effects upon its conclusion, and which has been generally shared by every village, town and city in the United States. Since that time, wliile its growth has not been rapid, it lias been steady and extremely substantial, and few towns in any State can show better business buildings, or more beautiful private residences.

Warsaw has a population of al)out 4,000 inliabitants, and is noted for having been the home of many men distinguished in both official and military positions.

There were 752 inhabitants when the census was taken February -t, 1854, and agreeable to a petition signed by a majority of the residents, the Board of Commissioners being fully satisfied that all the requirements of the law had been complied with, declared that this should be an incorporated town by the name of Warsaw. The territory embraced in the survey made by S. R. Gordon was as follows: Commencing at the southwest corner of section 8, in township 32, north of range 6 east; thence north 88° 12', east 194 poles 12 links; thence north 3°, west 12 poles 10 links; thence south 3° 12', west 23 poles; thence north 3°, west 68 poles 20 links; thence north 82°, east 65 poles 14 links; tlience north 4° 30', west 80 }ioles 7 links; thence south 83°, 150 poles; thence north 3° 30', 11 poles; thence north 51°, west 53 poles 11 links; thence north 56°, west 62 poles 15 links; thence south 4° 30', cast 250 poles 15 links; containing 236 acres 26.-j-4j- poles.

Its Incorporation As A City

The city of Warsaw was organized under an act of tlie Legislature, entitled " an act to repeal all general laws now in force for the incorporation of cities, and to provide for the incorporation of cities, prescribing their powers and rights, and the manner in which they shall receive the same, and to regulate

The election to decide whether to incorporate under city charter was held April 19, 1875, resulting in 278 votes for incorporation, and 200 votes against incorporation.

The first election for city officei's was held May 4, 1875, resulting in the election of Hiram S. Biggs, Mayor; C. PI. Ketchum, Clerk; S. B. Clark, Treasurer; J.A.Wright, Marshal; E.J. Greene, City Attorney; James Wynant, Assessor; J. A. Funk, Chief Engineer Fire Department; Caleb Hughes, Civil Engineer.

The city of AVarsaw has many eleg;mt residences, and her ])eople have cultui-ed tastes, as evidenced by the imposing churches, fine and commodious school buildings and her Grand 0])era House. This was erected by a joint stock company in 1877. The officers of the company were A. J. Bair, President; John N. Runyan, Secretary; Thomas Woods, Treasurer. The company perfected theirplans, and erected a building 130x60, having six store rooms on the ground and basement under the whole. The stage is large, and elaborately supplied with scenes. One thousand persons can be seated in the audience room and the gallery will accommodate six hundred more. The opera house is built in modern style, from moilitied plans furnished by B. G. Mosgrove. The structure complete cost $45,000, and to J. N. Rniiyan much credit is due for bis untiring zeal in the work. The company expended more money than at first contemplated, but their aim to give the citizens of Warsaw a iirst-class opera house was a burdeti hard to carry, and the way in which it was completed was indeed praiseworthy.

Thk Schools

From the best information obtainable. Judge Rodgers was among the first teachers in Warsaw. As early as 1841 he liad a select sch(jol in the old court-house, which occupied the lot where the Baptist church teaching. J. A. Funk was employed by Mr. Rodgers, at Sl7 per month, and taught durino- the winter of lS44:-'4:5, in a school-room on lot 218, fronting Fort Wayne street. Mrs. Jane Cowen began a private school May 12, 1851. Her rooms were situated on the lot, the site now of Daniel Bitner's residence. The teaching of Mrs. Cowen proved a great success and her school was known as " Mrs. Oowen's Seminary." As her pupils increased ill iiuiiibLM', she was assisted by her daughter Martha, who also taught vocal music. Other rooms were ailded to the seminary and other teachers engaged, among whom were Miss Martha Hill, from Vermont, and the Rev. Walter Scott, now an Episcopal minister of La Porte. Her daughter Semeramis, now the widow of Moses Long, assisted her motlier from the time she was fifteen years of age, and taught mathematics and instrumental mu.'-ic in 1858. Mrs. Cowen, with but a short intermission, tanght continuously from 1851 until 1876. Almost all the prominent business men of Warsaw to-day were inembers of her school, including such people as Reuben

Williams and his children, Joseph Baker and his children, W. B. and Austin C. Funk, and many others of equal celebrity. At Iter death, the seminary was closed and has not since been reopened. The lirst public school was opened in 1858. Professor D. T. Johnson was teacher and sul)sequently had charge of tlie graded school.

The lirst report which is at all reliable, is dated 1870. Superintendent, D. W. Thomas; High Scliool, Miss V. A. Rundles; Gramnuir School, Mrs. A. C. AVaite; Intermediate, Miss E.M.Huffman; Senior Secondary, Miss L. A. Baldwin; Junior. Miss Ella Dresser; Primary, Mrs. S. A. Holbrook and Miss Florence Frasier.

The school buildings were erected in 1872-'73. The ground for the East AVard cost $400; that for the AVest AVard, $675; the two buildings ready for seating cost $15,650; furnaces, seats, blackboards, etc., $1,848.75; total, $18,573.75.

The old building used for a high school w'as sold for $1,000 and the new buildingwas erected upon the same ground, at a cost, ready for seating, of $15,824.23; the furnaces, seats, blackboards, fencing, etc., cost $2,700; total, $18,524.23.

The report of the schools for 1875-'76,and the first in due form,gives the Board of Education: N. N. Boydston, President; Henry Upson, Secretary; J. D. Thayer, Treasurer; (). AV. Millei-, Superintendent. Teachers of Center School, Mrs. C. A. Haas, High School; Mrs. S. O. Long, Grammar A; Miss Emma Hayward, Grammar B; Miss Nellie Neff, Grainmar C; Miss Sarah L. Hodge, Intermediate; Miss S. A. Holbrook, Primary.

The first graduates of the city schools were Miss Belle Weiner, Miss Alice Carpenter and Mary Shafler. The commencement exercises were held at the Opera House in May, 1S78.

The high school has a library containing 334 volumes, which has been purchased since 1881 with their own earnings. The sum of $350 has been expended for books, which was realized by proceeds from school entertainments, lecture courses, etc.

The study of ornithology is quite different in this from other schools, and the plan pursued is original with Professor Mather. The books and course of study were designed by him.

The request of the Japanese Commissioner to secure the exhibit of the Warsaw schools, sent to the New Orleans Exposition, speaks more loudly in praise of the work of the teachers than anything we could say, and is embraced in the letter of Mr. Buckley, which is as follows:

Gentlemen: - The Commissioner of Education from Japan, Mr. Ichizo Hattori, who is also one of the Committee of Examination and Awards at the AVorld's Exposition, makes a request of the United States Bureau of Edm ucation, and they to me, for "The Analysis of Plants" and ''The Analysis of Birds" from the Warsaw city schools. This is no mean compliment to you, and to the State ot Indiana. If you will part with this work of your schools (and I trust yo\i will), please take action in the matter, and I will deliver this school work to the Commissioner to take back with him to the Government Educational Bureau of Japan.

Permission was granted by the pupils whose work was exhibited for the transfer, and Professor Mather holds the receipt of the Commissioner in Japanese for the material.

The compliment is especially gratifying, as the Japanese Commissioner referred to in Mr. Buckley's letter has had an opportunity to compare the exhibits from Warsaw with others from all parts of the United States - in fact, from all ])arts of the educational world, represented at the New Orleans Exposition.

The Board of Education for 1886-'87 are: Jackson Glessner, President; John H. Brubaker. Secretary; William B. Funk, Treasurer; John P. Mather, Superintendent.

The teachers for 1886-'87 are: Central Building, Miss Victoria A. Adams, High School ; Miss Josephine A. Fielding, High School Assistant and A Grammar; Miss Lizzie M. Reid, B Grammar; Miss Josie Brown, B and C Grammar; Miss Fannie M. Davis, D Grammar; Miss Hattie Long, A Primary; Miss Rose McCauley, B and C Primary; Miss Mary Cosgrove, C and D Primary. West Ward, Miss Viola Strain, Principal, C and D Primary; Miss Margaret Williams, B and C Primary; Miss Mattie Richardson, A Primary and D Grammar. East Ward, Miss Altha Bowser, Principal, A and B Primary; Miss Minnie Stuart, C and D Priiii'irv.

Baptist Church. - Rov. Edward Desborutigli organized a society consisting of S. B. and Hester Clark, L. P. and Elizabeth Howe, Isaac Brady, Sarah Bates, Daniel AVeiss, Mrs. Jane Knowles and Mrs. Ruhanna Losure. January 11, 1851, Messrs. Huod and IJritton donated a lot in their addition to the \illage of Warsaw, and the congregation erected a house of worship in 1852. Rev. Daniel Thomas was their iirst pastor. The society disposed of their old church in 1864, and purchased the lot upon which the Baptist church building stands. A handsome brick church was completed in 1866, costing §8,000, which was destroyed by lire August 20, 1871. It was rebuilt the same year at a cost of $2,500. The present pastor, Rev. ,1. H. Winans, is a talented divine, and the church enjoys a high degree of prosperity. The Baptist Sunday-school is largely attended and numbei's about 135. The deacons are: I. J. Morris, M. W. Mumaw, O. C. Holbrook and Birch. Trustees: Al Hayward, Lewis Rippee, B. Q. Morris. Organist, Miss Maggie Bates; Clerk, I. J. Morris; Treasurer, C. J. Hoyt.

The, First Presbyterian Church was organized by Rev. J. Wolf, November 7, 1840, l)y the authority of the Logansport Presbytery, with the following members: William Williams, Mary Williams, Peter Hover, Isaac Lucas, Catharine Lucas, Priscilla Davis, Mary McFadden, Eliza Nye, Eliza Vancnren. William Williams and Peter Hover were elected elders.

May 16, 1843, Samuel L. Andrews, Isaac Lucas and Thomas Logan were chosen elders, and Rev. J. Ogden, pastor. In December, 1843, Rev. L. G. AVeeks took charge of the church, and served as pastor until 1848. In May, 1849, Rev. Thomas Bascoin became ]iastor, and served two years. The first church building- was erected in 1849; for several years the church prospered and legular services were maintained. One of their most active workers was Rev. G. W. Wilson, who served as pastor from 1872 until April, 1877, leaving it with a membei-ship of 125, a Sunday-school with 120 in attendance. The old church building was sold to the United Brethren congregation in 1881, and the modern church edifice which now graces lot 121 was erected in 1882. This seats comfortably 600 persons, and was completed at a cost of $13,280. It was dedicated July 1, 1883. Regular services are lield, but the congregation have no resident pastor. Trustees: S. W. Chipman, Dr. I. D. Webber, G. B. Lesh, W. D. Frazer, Q. A. Hossler.

Methodist Episcopal Church. - This was the first religious denomination to organize a class in Warsaw, and the first services were held in the pole cabin built by Matthew D. Springer. The sermon was preached by Rev. Richard Hargrave, who was a Methodist missionary. Warsaw was included in what was known as the " Mission Circuit," which embraced the entire county. The annual conference in 1839 named it Warsaw Circuit, and attached it to South Bend District, with Rev. Elza Yan Schoick, pastor. Theiirst quarterly conference was held at Warsaw January 26, 1839, at which time Rev. Thomas P. Owen rode the circuit. At that early day there must have been forty members, for Peter Warner, J. Ockerman, Alex McElwane and Edward Cone were local preachers, and twenty-live others were exhorters and class-leaders. It might be reasonably expected that the wives of some belonged to the church.

The minister had fifteen appointments in the county, all at ])i-ivate houses, and was allowed the modest sum of §70 per annum. Ten dollars of this he paid to Joseph Ockerman to assist him, Rev. Owen being in feeble health. The society contrilnited $31, the remainder of the !?70 heiug made up from the missionary fund. The first camp-meeting was held at " Grove's camp-ground in June, 1839. This year the AVarsaw congregation paid as their share of the minister's salary 84r.25. In 1843 the circuit was divided, and Rev. Elihu Anthony was placed in charge. A Sunday-school was organized in 1844 with forty scholars, six teachers, and Joel Fish, superintendent. Meetings were held in the old court-house, which stood upon the site occupied by the Baptist church, until the erection of a church building upon tlie lot donated by James Stinson, the same lot now occupied by the handsome two-story brick edifice. This was com[)leted in 1868 at a cost of $22,919.75. The membership numbers about 340, presided over by liev. J. K. Walts. The Sunday-school has an average attendance of 350, and for thirty-seven years Joseph A. Funk lias been superintendent. The trustees are: Joseph A. Funk, J. D. Kutz, James Wyant, S. W. Oldfather, John Shoup, Joseph S. Baker, H. P. Comstock. Local elders, D. S. Wynant, M. C. Furlong, John S. Hetfield. Local preachers, O. P. Downs, A. C. McCartei', David James. Exhorters, Samuel AVamsley and David James. Stewards, J. A. Funk, J. B. Roberds, N. W. Ptichhart, G. C. Bratt, H. T. Beazel, James B. lioth and J. B. Kutz. Organist, Dr. T. J. Shackleford.

The Catholic Chm-ch. - Occasional services were held at the houses of members of this church, but Warsaw was in 1852 made a permanent mission. Rev. John Ryan was the first pastor, succeeded by Rev. Father Francis Lawler and others until 1876, when Rev. Father F. Wiechman took charge of the parish. To his enterprise the Catholic people owe much. He purchased two lots, and the erection of the present brick church was commenced soon afterward. Right-Rev. Josepli Dwenger, D. D., Bishop of Fort Wayne, officiated at the laying of the corner-stone July 4, 1876, and on June 10, 1877, the church was dedicated. This handsome structure seats 400, and cost with the lots $8,000. Rev. Father Anthony Ellinger holds services on alternate Sundays, but the membership remains about the same as when the church was organized. The ladies have recently partially completed the organization of the " Rose Society," which will aid largely in furnishing funds to meet current expenses. The society at present have twenty-five members, but officers are not yet chosen. Tlie church is known as "The Church of the Sacred Heart.''

The United Brethren. Church. - A church was organized in 1881 with eleven members, Daniel Deeds and wife, J. P. Ebersole and wife, J. A. Weimer and wife, William Brant and father, Mrs. Reisch, Mrs. Catherine Bell and Miss Charlotte Lee. Meetings were held in Hendee's Hall until the church building could be made ready. Rev. J. Cummitigs, pastor.

The Presbyterian Church was purchased and removed, and with the lot cost the society $1,839. The church was dedicated anew to the service of God, by Rev. Dewitt Delany, August 5, 1883. The church records show seventy-three members, with a roster of eighty Sunday-school scholars. Rev. J. Simons is pastor and superintendent of tlie Sabbath-school.

Union Mission Church. - By a praiseworthy efi'ort upon the part of James McKrill, a handsome frame building has been erected upon lot 234 (Williams' addition), which has recently been completed at a cost of $500.

The lot M-as donated by Mr. McKrill, for church purposes, and the church is intended for the use of all relii>'ious denominations, and the pulpit will be by them supplied. A Sunday-school was organized in April, 1885, with sixty scholars, and has been under the superintendency of Lemuel Powers. James McKrill and Jehu Barnes. The church was dedicated by Ilev. M. D. Gage, November 28, 1886. Rev. Gage was formerly Chaplain of the Twelfth Indiana Regiment. Through the influence of James McKrill, a class was formed in January, 1885, of nineteen members who are earnest in church work, and are composed of different denominations. We ai'e pleased to give their names: James and Rebecca McKrill, Jacob and Jane Scott, Richard and Martha Ireland, 'Squire McCarthy, Andrew Stoner, Mary Stoner, Lou Brumbaugh, Sarah Anderson, Jane Howe, Mary Cress, William Richhart, Jehu Barnes, Mary Felter, Hetty Evans and Jacob Goodall.

The Chriistiaii, Churoh was organized in Warsaw in 1851. Foremost in this work was elder John Gordon and family, and until 1865 meetings were regularly held at his house. This year, the church was re-organized by elders John Gordon, M. N. Lord, William McElvane and Noah A\^atts. H. B. Stanley' and Jacob Nye were chosen deacons, and Rev. J. B. Marshall was called to preach. Many were added to the church during his ministry, and in 1865 the society purchased lot 305 of John Gordon, and also purchased a church formerly used by the Presbyterians, which was moved upon the lot at an expense of $250. The church has a large membership, a flourishing Sunday-school with an average attendance of sixty. Rev. Paph Julian is resident pastor and services are regularly held. The Christian ]>eople expect to erect a handsome brick church this year upon the site of the old building. The present

The Episcopal Church. - Monday evening, April 22, 1861, the Rev. Edward P. Wright, Rector of Trinity Church, Michigan City, visited Warsaw and held services in the Methodist Episcopal church. This was the first Episcopal service held in the county. The Right- Rev. George Upfold, D. D., Bishop of the Diocese, held service May 17, 1861, and on the 18th of that month, baptized Lnella, infant daughter of Walter and Susan R. Scott. May 25, 1861, a meeting was held for the purpose of organizing a parish. Dr. J. W. Quayle was chairman, and Edward Murphy, secretary. Articles of association were adopted and signed b}- Walter Scott, James W. Quayle, Oliver Musselman, H. W. Upson, Samuel A. Wright, E. Y. Long, Ebenezer Hazzard, William B. Funk, Moses J. Long, Henry Mortimer and Henry Gilbert. A meeting was then held for the election of wardens and vestrymen ; the following were chosen: Dr. Henry Gilliert, William C. Graves, Dr. James W. Quayle, Walter Scott and Edward Murphy. At the lirst meeting of the vestry, held May 28, same year, Walter Scott was elected senior warden, and James AV. Quayle, junior warden.

The Second Presbyterian Church was rented, and June 23, 1861, the fourth Sunday after Trinity, the Rev. Louis P. Tsehiffely visited the ):)arish and preached. An election was tendered to him, which he accepted, taking effect October 1, 1861, when he took charge of the parish. October 20 a Sundayschool was organized, with eight scholars.

April 27, 1862, the Bishop made his first official visitation; he preached and administei'ed communion. This was the first time the Holy Eucharist was administered in the parish. Four persons were confirmed.

In the spring of 1866 Hon. William Williams dnnated to the parish a lot, on condition that a church be erected upon it; and arrangements were made for the erection of a wooden building 25x50 feet, with recess chancel 15x10, and vestry-room 10x10. The building had been erected and was being lathed when - June 21, 1866 - a tornado swept over the town and laid the church in ruins; loss S1,000. In November, 1866, through the kindness of Auditor W. B. Funk, the use of the court-room was obtained for church purposes.

The society in September, 1866, began the erection of their present church, which was completed in 1869, the ladies aiding largely in paying the indebtedness. Ilev. Walter Scott was the first rector serving in the new church. Only occasional services are now held, but arrangements will soon be completed for holding regular services. The clei'gymen who minister at this date are the Revs. T. B. Kemp and S. Rosevelt. Officers, Senior Warden, S. S. Baker; Junior Warden, A. G. Wood; Vestrymen, F. S. Clark, Ed. E. Smith, C. M. Alvord, C. C. Stoner, George R. Taylor.

Secret Societies

Warsaw Lodge, No. 73, A. F. & A. M., was the first lodge organized in the county, and was instituted in 1848 and received a charter February 1, 1849. The charter members were - William Parks, F. A. Harris, William B. Barnett, Jonathan Moon, Robert Graves, J. W. Stapleford, Clark Yager, John W. Morris, Jeremiah Stephenson, C. M. A. Burse, George Moon, John Knowles, S. D. Bowlsley, Nelson Milice and Solomon Ayers. The officers were - William Parks, Worshipful Master; F. A. Harris, Senior Warden;

William B. Barnett, Junior Warden; Jonathan Moon, Secretary; Robert Graves, Treasurer; J. AV. Stapleford, Senior Deacon ; Clark Yager, Junior Deacon. It is a prosperous body and has initiated more members than any lodge in the county. The following gentlemen were selected to till the various offices for the ensuing year: James H. Cisney, Worshipful Master; E. A. Sheffield, Senior Warden; M. Phillipson, Junior Warden; George Moon, Treasurer; C M. Alward, Secretary.

Lake City Lodge, No. 371, A. F. & A. M., was chartered May 27, 1868, and has a large membership. The officers for 1886 are: LB. Webber, Worshipful Master; A. B. Raner, Senior Warden; F. A. Place, Junior Warden; Metcalf Beck, Treasurer; T. J. Shackleford, Secretary; H. D. Rose, Senior Deacon; F. M. Hetrich, Junior Deacon; William Thompson, W. C. Stephenson, Stewards; Dr. Shackleford, Organist; George Brown, Tyler.

Warsaio Chapter, No. Ji.S, li. A. M., was granted a dispensation, and the chapter instituted October 25, 1862. Officers: T. Davenport, High Priest; J. T. Donahoo, King; George Moon, Scribe. The charter members were the officers named, and Companions C. W. Chapman, B. Becker, J. M. Leamon, Jeremiah Stephenson, I. R. Walton and J. W. Pottenger. The charter was granted May 21, 1863. Officers elect for 1886: Alfred Ale, High Priest; J. H. Davidson, King; J. H. Cisney, Scribe; A. B. Raner, C. H. ; I. B. Webber, P. S.; J. D. Widaman, R. A. C; George Moon, Sr., Treasurer; William Conrad, Secretary; J. H. Lones, M. Phillipson, D. S. Bitner, Masters of the Veils; George Brown, Guard; Al. F. Ruch, Organist.

Warsaw Commandery, No. 10, was chartered April 7, 1868. The dispensation was granted April 2, 1867, with officers installed as follows: Abraham Reeves, Eminent Commander; J. T. Langenbaugh, Generalissimo;

The Masonic fraternity own their own I'ooms, the Masonic Temple being completed in 1883. The building was erected at the corner of Center and Buffalo streets, the first and second stories belonging to the Daniel Shoup estate. The Blue Lodge, Chapter and Connnandery ai'e joint owners of the third storj', whicli was especially constructed for society purposes and is royally furnished.

Koseivsko Lodge, No. 62, I. 0. 0. F. - A charter was granted for this lodge, on the petiti(ni of A. B. Crihtield, George Moon, James Prazer, Joseph A. Funk, John N. Cosgrove and Lyman L. Lattimer, at the semiannual communication of the R. W. Grand Lodge of Indiana, January 9, 1849. On the 7th of February, 1849, Deputy Department Grand Master J. E. Hollister instituted tlie same, the charter members all being present. The officers for the first term were ; George Moon, Noble Grand; Joiin N. Cosgrove, Vice Grand; J. A. Funk, Secretary, and Dr. A. F. Crihfield, Treasurer. The membership rapidly increased, and in 1858 the order erected, in company with others, a handsome buildingknown as "Empire Block," at the corner of Buffalo and Market streets. The building with its contents was destroyed oy tire .iannary 81, 1871, in which all the lodge records were lost. The society erected a new building, and their hall was dedicated October ;30, 1S7;J. Kosciusko Lodge has been instrumental in the formation and organization of eight new lodges, located in this county, to wit: Pierceton, No. 257; Jubilee, No. 268; Sevastopol, No. 403; Lake City, No. 430; Leesburgh, No.432; Milford, n'o.478; Atwood, No. 493, and Claypool, No. 515: and, as the fond parent follows each child leaving the parental roof, with solicitude for its future good, so Kosciusko Lodge, with outstretched arms of sympathy, longs for their prosperity and rejoices to know that so manj' of them have risen to such degrees of excellence. Officers for this tei-m: Edson Spangle, Noble Grand; V. L. Alms, Vice Grand; L. F. Coleman, Recording Secretary; William Conrad, Permanent Secretary; J. N. Runyan, Treasurer; J. L. Trish, R. S. to N. G.; Jacob Reber, L. S. to N. G.; Lewis Ripple, R. S. to V. G.; F. S. Clark, L. S. to V. G.; Ehud Webb, Conductor; A. S. Milice, Warden; W^illiam C. ]\Iilice, I. G; Jasper Frush, O. G. and Host.

Lake C'iti/ Lodge, JVo. ^-SO, I. 0. 0. F. - This lodge was instituted on the 3d day of January, 1874, under the special direction of D. D. G. M. Charles H. Ketcham, who was assisted by P. G. M. Joseph A. Funk, William Cosgrove, John S. Wynant, Hiram S. Biggs, Richard Loney, A. S. Milice, A. T. S. Kist, H. C. Milice and John Fogle. The dispensation was of the same date, and granted by Grand Master Richard Owen. The charter members were: James H. Carpenter, H. W. Upson, Ancil B. Ball, W. G. Piper, I). R. Pershing, Joseph S. Baker, Charles Wall, Hudson Beck, W. B. Funk, Edward Moon, Samuel Seachrist, Levi Zumbrum and E. A. Sheffield - thirteen in all. Off-leers: II. W. Upson. N. G.; Joseph S. Baker, V. G.; G. W. Piper, Recording Sec-

Ilackleintni. £^/icainj)i)ieiit, No. 37, was instituted January 16, 1854, by C. W. Frederick, Grand Senior Warden; S. Colfax, Junior WardeTi; P>ert Shepherd, Sentinel; S. lluinphrey, Scribe; B. F. Prune, Treasurer; ]>ert Hoover, Hi^k Priest; Bert Gordon and j nieaibers were: George Moon, S. K. Gordon, James S. Frazer, H. P. Stepliens, George R. Thralls and Ben Richliart. The order numl)ers ninety members.

Canton Wan^en,jVo o, Patriarch Militant, was mustered in January, 1886; forty-two charter members. A. S. Milice, Captain; F. II. Foster, Lieutenant; L. Ripple, Ensign. Headquarters of this regiment is at Warsaw. A. S. Milice, Colonel; J. S. Weaver, Adjutant. The regiment comprises the cantons of Goshen, Elkhart, South Bend, La Porte, Mishawaka, Kendallvillo, Lagrange, Fort Wayne, Huntington, Marion, North Manchester and AVarsaw. Officers: First Battalion, Charles K. Green, Major, Albion, Indiana; Second Battalion, C. H. Butlenbender, Major, Fort Wayne, Indiana; Third Battalion, D. C. McCuUum, Major, La Porte, Indiana.

The first meeting was held in H. C. <k. W. C. Milice's art gallery January 18, 1874, and was called by H. C. Milice and J. Silbers, the only members of the order in Warsaw, for the purpose of ascertaining who would come into the order and enable them to organize a lodge. They were met by the following gentlemen: P. L. Runyan, Jr., J. W. Curtis, 11. D. Hetlield, C. W. (iraves and

May 22, 1874, the lodge was instituted, and the charter granted July 29, 1874. The first officers were: H. C. Milice, Past Chancellor; Renb Williauis, Chancellor Commander; P. L. Runyan, Jr., Vice Chancellor; N. W. Mumaw, Keejier of Records and Seals; J. W. Curtis, Master of Finance; C. W. Graves, Master of Exchequer; AY. D. Frazer, Prelate; H. D. Hetlield, Master of Arms; J. B. Thompson, Inner Guard ; AV. H. AA/"right, Outer Guard.

The lodge room is handsomely fitted up, and a commodious, large drill room serves not only for that purpose, but makes a superb banquet hall. The social features of this order make it deservedly popular, and among its members are found many of the leading citizens of AVarsaw.

Uniform liaiik, Kosciusko Division, No. 8, was organized July 21, 1882, by General James R. Carnahan, P. G. C. of Indiana, with twenty-seven charter members. Officers installed: P. L. Runyan, C. ; Frank Nutt, L. C; M. W. Mumaw, H.: C. L. Bartol, Recorder; J. F. Scott, Treasurer; B. Q. Morris, G.; AY. S. Smith, Secretary. The division won great admiration and favorable mention for proficiency in drill on the occasion of the meeting ofthe Grand Com mandery of the United States, Knights of Pythias, held at Toronto, Canada, in 1886. Officers:

Home Lofirie., ZTnited Orrler of Honor, No. 69. was organized Marcli 6, 1884, with twenty cliarter members. Tliis is a beneticiar}' order, and is in a fairly prosperous condition. The first officers were: A. S. Milice, President; F. A. Place, Past President; A. G. Wood, Recording Secretary; W. H. Eggleston, Financial Secretary; George B. Lesh, Treasurer. Tlie first death loss paid by this society was that of Samuel Sechrist in the autumn of 1886; the amount, $3,000. Officers for 1886: J. G. Kutz, President; A. S. Milice, Past President; A. F. Euch, Secretary; J. "W. Comstock, Treasurer. Meetings are held in the hall of Kosciusko Lodge, I. O. O. F.

Koseiusln Post, No. lllj,, G. A. R., was mustered September 22, 1882, by Deputy Department Commander R. S. Robinson, present Lieutenant Governor of Indiana. Twenty-four veterans signed the roll, and from the organization tliis post has prospered.

There are 319 members; twenty-five dollars death benefits are paid, and only one post in the State pays more relief benefits. Cash on hand and equipage foot up a total of $2,000.

charter members. Officers, C. W. Chapman, Commander; John Lathrope, Senior Vice Commander; Levi Zimmerman, Junit)r Vice Commander; J.G.Wood, Adjutant; T.J. Nye, Quartermaster; AmosKehler, Quartermaster Sergeant; Dr. F. Moro, Chaplain. The post will rapidly recruit new members, and every soldier who was enlisted under the stars and stripes in this county should be a member of this national order. There is room in Henry Chipman Post for those who reside in the immediate vicinity that are not already members of some organization. The present officers are, E. M. Chaplin, Commander; N. N. Boydston, Senior Vice Commander; Geo. Smith, Junior Vice Commander; Amos Kehler, Quartermaster; A. G. Wood, Adjutant; Dr. F. Moro, Chaplain.

Warsaw Council, No. 526, Royal Arcamini was instituted September 23, 1880. From the first it has been a very prosperous organization, and has at present sixty members. Only one death loss has been paid by the society to any member of the council, but the promptness in wliich the claim of $3,000 was liquidated prove it emphatically to be all that is represented. The legatees of the late Dr. E. Z. Hoover, received witliin twentyeight days from tiie date of his death, the sum above mentioned.

Warsa^v Light Guards. - The " crack company " of this city or county in military parlance was mustered September 29, 1886, and the following officers received their commissions from the Governor. Captain, Chas. A. Funk; First Lieutenant, G. B. Baker; Second Lieutenant, J. A. Dye. The pany liave forty-nine men and officers enrolled, and are equipped with fine nnifonns, of regulation pattern which cost them §475, of which amount $125 was donated by the citizens of Warsaw. Captain Funk is commander of a company composed of the leading young men of the city, and their proficiency in drill has already won them much praise. Most of the drilling has been done by Lieutenant George B. Baker, who has taken in connection with a classical course, four years instruction in military tactics at De Pauw University.

Warsaw Fike Department

The fire department of this city is well equipped for service, and for a volunteer corps, perhaps none in the State excel them. The first permanent organization was made February 16, 1859, and the following officers were elected. Foreman, Peter Marvin; First xissistant, AVilliam B. Boydston; Second Assistant, A. T. S. Kist; Secretary, AVilliam S. Hemphill; Treasurer, Dr. Joseph P. Leslie: Company Engineer, Bradford G. Cosgrove; Chief of Fire Department, Joseph A. Funk. Thirty-eight members were enrolled and the company received the name of " Independent Protection Engine Company, No. 1." A second-hand engine was purchased at Adrian, Michigan, and the company erected a frame building for an engine house. In 1861 the corporation trustees purchased the stock of the company since which time the company has been known as " Protection Company, No. 1," and " Hose Company, No. 1," the latter being part of the former organization.

Th(' Lake City Hook and Ladder Cu)iij)any, No. 1, was organized in June, 1866, with C. W. Card, Foreman; P. L. Runj'an, Secretary. All the records of this company were destroveil liv tire in 1^71. and names of all the officers cannot be given. The com])any have a full complement of apparatus, a fine hook and ladder truck and eighteen members. The officers are, B. Q. Morris, Foreman ; James Oram, Assistant Foreman; G. B. Eichhart. Secretary. Several disastrous fires induced the village board to fully equip the fire department, and they contracted for a steam fire engine in the spring of 1868. The Silsby manufacturing company furnished the engine which is first class in every respect. A new hose cart and a good supply of new^ hose was also purchased at the same time.

A substantial brick engine house was erected in 1867, and " Protection Companj', No. 1 " took charge of the engine. In 1868 a company was organized under the name of " Young America No. 2," but disbanded about one year later. Never Fails, No. ^," was organized February 13, 1871, by some of the former members of " Protection Company, No. 1," with James Milice, Foreman; George Pratt, First Assistant; Joseph A. Wright, Second Assistant; William B. Funk, Secretary; John S. AVynant, Treasurer. They are fully equipped with hose cart and 600 feet of hose. In February, 1873, the village board purchased a fine hand-engine, which was placed in charge of "The Never Fails, No. 2."

Since the city water works have been completed the boys have discarded the engine and are now known as a company. Thirtysix members are officered by the following named gentlemen:

A disastrous conflagration November 25, 1883, destroyed property for G. B. Lesh & Co., involving a loss of $55,000. After the company reorganized and rebuilt their ex- tensive works, tliey, for tlieir own protection, organized, August 11, 1886, wliat is known as the " G. B. Lesh Hone ComjMuy, No. 3." Amos Keillor, Foreman; Frank Kehler, First Assistant; Henry Walters, Second Assistant; G. W. Peddycord, Secretary; Alex Lendrum, Treasurer. Tiie city donated a hose cart and 500 feet of hose and the company is at all times under the direction of tlie fire marshal. It numbers thirty members, all but two being in the employ of the G. B. Lesh Manufacturing Company. The officers of " Protection No. 1" are: AVilliani Conrad, Foreman; 0. Holbrook, First Assistant; J. W. Coleman, Second Assistant; L. F. Coleman, Secretary; E. A. Siieffield, Treasurer. The trustees are: I. J. Morris, T. A. Goodwin and N. B. Mc- Connell. Forty members belong to this company.

The lire department apparatus consists of the Silsby steamer, a hand engine, one hook and ladder truck, four hose carts, and 2,000 feet of hose. Perry Brown is cliief of tlie department. William Conrad, Foreman of " Protection No. 1," has spent money liberally, and is deserving of credit for liis efforts in putting not only his comjiany, but the lire department upon a firm footing.

Luke City Bank. - This institution commenced business May 14, 1872, as a private bank. The firm consisted of James McMnrray, John H. Lewis and J. B. McMurray. James McMurray, President; J. B. McMurray, Cashier. The capital stock was $60,000. The president was a man of wealth, and had long been a prominent business man of Hendricks County, Indiana, and his integrity, aflability and fair dealing made this a favorite bank by thus securing the confidence of the people.

1875, and incorporated as a " State Baidc " under an act approved February 7, 1S73, with the title above given, the following persons being the chartered stockholders: James McMurray, John H. Lewis, Hudson Beck, Edward Moon, Richard Loney, Metcalf Beck, J. B. Licli ten waiter, II. B. Stanley, Albert Tucker, John Grabner, Moses Wallace, Benjamin Yohn, Henry Bernst, Washington Bybee, Hiram Hall, Christian Sarber, Jackson Glessner, Milton Hire, William Zimmerman, Jacob Weirick, John R. Black, William Benford, C. C. Reynolds, Levi Hetrick, Rachel AVallaco and Samuel C. Gray. Board of Directors: Moses Wallace, H. B. Stanley. John Grabner, Metcalf Beck, Christian Sarber, J. B. Lichtenwalter, Hiram Hall, Albert Tucker and Hudson Beck. Hudson Beck was chosen president, and John II. Lewis, cashier.

Upon the resignation of John H. Lewis as cashier November 1, 1880, Albion Beck was elected to that position, and served until September 7, 1885, when by reason of the onerous duties incumbent upon him as executor of his fathei-'s estate his resignation was reluctantly accepted, and Samuel Bitner, for years the faithful and competent bookkeeper of the bank, was chosen as Mr. Beck's successor. Hudson Beck, for many long years the faithful and able head of the concern as president, early in 1885 went South with hopes of regaining his failing health, but his death occurred at Citronell, Alabama, May 5, 1885.

William B. Funk was unanimously elected president of the bank by the Board of Directors May 13, 1885, and his popularity as a business man is unexcelled in Kosciusko County. With reluctance he Rccepted the position, but liis extensive acquaintance thronghoiit tiie county luis been tlie means of increasing tlie already well deserved popularity of the institution, whose stockholders comprise more than a score of tlie wealthiest farmers and Inisiness men of the county. The Lake City Bank is one of the "solid" enterprises of the city, with a capital stock of S60,000, and a reserve of §15,000.

The State Bank. - This bank w-as the eighty-eighth bank in the United States, organized under the National Banking Act of 1863. Its articles of association bear date August 14, 1863. It was authorized to commence the busines.^ of banking by a certificate of autlnirity fi'om the Comptroller of the Currency at Washington, under date of September 22, 1863. It commenced business on a capital of .$50,000 on the .30th day of September, 18f)3.

Its tirst directors were: Samuel H. Chipman, William C. Craves, Thomas S. Stanlield, Siujon liartman, William G. Chapman, John Makenison, Andrew J. Stephenson, Silas W. Chipnian, Stedman A. Chaplin. Its first ofticers were: Samuel H. Chipman, President, and William C. Graves, Cashier.

By several of those accidents which cannot be avoided by the most prurient bankers, it has sustained losses to the amount of nearly $30,000 during its career. All this loss was occasioned by the failure of correspondent banks in Xew York and Chicago. Yet it long since paid up those losses out of its profits.

In anticipation of the expiration of its charter, the officers and stockholders reorganized December 14, 1881, under the State law, and the name changed from the First National Bank of Warsaw to the State Bank.

Stockholders: Those above named, with S. W. CHiipman, S. W. Oldfather, E. Haymond, G. W. Lawrence. Prom its organization as a National Bank until this date, it has been practically under the same management. Officers: S. W. Chipman, President; P. L. Runyaii, Cashier; W. F. Mack, Bookkeeper. Directors: S. W. and S. H. Chipman, P. L. Kunyan, S. W. Oldfather, E. Haymond, (). C. Mills and A. O. Catlin.

Mandfactuking Intekksts

The most extensive manufactory in the city is owned by G. B. Lesh & Co., who manufacture everything of wood to complete plows. They have recently added a band saw, and manufacture all kinds of hardwood lumber, employing 100 men and twenty teams.

Mr. G. B. Lesh is the moving spirit in this enterprise, and came from Pierceton to this city in 187G. At that time he, in company with Matthews, purchased several lots, erected a building 70 x 100, four stories high, and equipped it with the most approved machinery. In 1881 John H. Lesh and Milo S. Ilascall jiurchased Matthews interest, and in 1883 Owen Switzer purchased the interest of Hascall. The building and contents were destroyed by fire in November, 1883, causing a loss of .$50,000. G. 15. Lesh then purchased the interests of his partners, ortranized a stock company with $75,000 capital, $50,000 of which was paid up. Large additions were made to former buildings, and the number of men and teams employed give some idea of the extent of business done.

William Conrad began the mainifacture of wagons, buggies, etc., in May, 1860. on a limited scale. His business has grown until he now employs from twelve to twentythree men, most of w-hom are skilled work- men. He nianufactures annually 300 wagons, 100 buggies, a nninber of sleighs, and does a large general repair business. His brick business rooms fronting on Center Street, 44 X 100, were erected in 1875. Tlie manufacturing department on Main street covers, with lumber sheds, one acre of ground. The machinery is moved b}' an engine of twenty horse power. Eighty per cent, of his work is new, twenty per cent, repair.

The furniture manufactory of Thomas & Manley was erected in 1882. The building is a three-story brick 60 x 100, fitted with the latest machinery, operated by an engine of seventy horse power. This firm manufactures tables, cupboards, bed.steads and bureaus, and employs forty skilled workmen.

The City Mills were erected by Samuel W. Oldfather and John Shoup in 1884. The building is ;i substantial three-sti.ry and basement brick, 44 x 66. They employ the new rollei- process, with a capacity of 140 barrels per day. The mills run day and night, and are under the care of G. L. Hilt, an experienced miller.

Warsaw P^oundry, Christian Smith, proprietor, is a well established business industry. The main building in ;JOx()0. with a moulding room 40x60, in which twelve men find employment. A fifteen horse-power engine opei-ates the machinery, and plows and evei-ything made from iron is manufactured here.

Miscellaneous

The most important industry of the city that can not be classed among the manufacturing interests, is the wholesale house of the Beyer Bros., who handle butter, eggs and poultry. The firm is composed of John F., C. C. and John E. Beyer. The business was begun by John F. Beyer, in 1878, in the basement of the Opera-House block. The other brothers were taken into partnership in 1880, and two years later the business had grown until, to meet the needs, the large two-story brick, 80 x 132 feet, was erected, with a basement under the entire apartment. Every modern device for the preservation of butter, eggs and poultry has been called into requisition, and this house alone, which in its second year did a business of $40,000, has so rapidh^ increased the trade that the receipts for 1885 reached the grand total of $480,000. The firm operate three branch houses: one at Rochester, one at North Manchester and one at Monticello. They have an interest in others at Columbia City and Goshen, but the receipts in either of the five last are included in the first statement. Beyer Bros, erected a creiiinery 24 x 70 in 1883. and purchase cream from the farmers. The manufacturing capacity of the creamery is 2,500 pounds of butter daily, and in gathering the cream and poultry fifteen teams are employed. Their shipments of produce average more than one car load per day, and from twenty-five to one hundred hands are employed.

The Warsaw Water- Works Company was organized and incorporated in August, 1885, the company consisting of James S. Frazer, E. B. Martindale and W. D. Frazer. Sixty thousand dollars in stock was issued. $10,000 of which was taken by parties in this city.

erected at the foot of BufJ'alo street. Six and one-half miles of water mains were laid; the the building was lifted with two immense boilers, and two double Worthington pumps of sixty horse-power placed in position. A stand pipe 125 feet in height, with a capacity of 19,375 gallons was erected. July 10, 1886, tire was placed in the boilers and the final test was made on the 20th. The tire engine came out and threw water 125 feet, but in the attempt broke down. The force from the stand pipe threw water 140 feet, twenty feet higher than the court-house spire. The city had contracted for fifty hydrants at $2,50U per annum, the contract to run twenty years, providing the test was satisfactory. After thorough trial the terms were accepted, and Warsaw has a system of water works unexcelled by any city in the State. Since the completion of the system the engine has not been called into requisition at a fire.

In connection with the water works the company also received a franchise for the electric light plant, which was put into successful operation October 28, 1886. The engine will operate an eighty-light dynamo; at present twenty-three lights are used, the dynamo being a twenty-eigiit light Thomson Houston, costing $8,000.

Arrangements are being rapidly completed to furnish business houses and private residences with incandescent lights. The whole is under the management of J. E. Jetfries, a practical electrician and an engineer of renown, he having for several years been in charge of the water supply of the Lake Erie & Western and the Bee Line Railway. Officers, James S. Frazer, President; Lyman B. Martindale, Secretary; William D. Frazer, Treasurer; Frank F. Porter, Superintendent; J. E. Jeffries, Engineer.

Oliver P. Jaques is the veteran ice dealer of the city. In 1875 he purchased the greater portion of Center Lake and erected an ice house at the foot of Bufi'alo street. The next year he, in company with S. W. Oldfather, erected the first wholesale house on the east side of the lake. Eight large ice houses, 30 X 95 and thirty-five feet high, were constructed and provided with steam power for storing ice. During the season 125 men are employed, and aside from the retail trade much ice is shipped to other cities. Mr. Oldfather retired from the firm in 1883. since which time Mr. Jaques has conducted liotli wholesale and retail trade.

C. W. Chapman erected in 1880 fourteen ice houses, 30 x 114, thirty feet high, with a capacity of 28,000 tons, on the west bank of Eagle Lake, costing $14,000. Side tracks were built reaching both railroads at a cost of $4,000, and the ice finds a sale at St. Louis, Pittsburg, Indianapolis and Cincinnati. During the packing season 125 men find employment at these houses.