Wayne Township (part 2 of 4)

Wagon-makers. - One of the early mechanics of Richmond, and probably the first wagon-maker, was Adam Do} d, who came about the year of the incorporation of the town, 1818.

City Of Eiciimoxd

At a later date came Anthony Fulghum, from JST. C, who had his shop at the north-west corner of Main and Marion streets, since known as Gilhert's corner. lie lived but a few years after he came; and the business was contiuned by hi3 son Benjamin a number of years. This corner being desired for a tavern stand, Fulghum bought a lot on the south-east corner of Main and Frauklin streets, now the Huutiugtou Hor.se corner, where he built a frame shop and dwelling, and carried on business extensively, especially in the making of carriages, many being made for tlie Friends in a peculiar style, not easily described ou paper. looted as these good peoide are for their adherence to early customs, their "old style "' carriages have - whether from necessity or other causes we know not - been superseded by those of modern construction and in common use. Fulghum removed long ago to Jackson township, near Cambridge C'ity, where he now resides.

Sitmuel Lippincott commenced carriage-making in 1840, corner of Main and Franklin streets; building now owned by A'aughan Brothers. He remo\'ed to Marion street, west side, near Main, and thence to Indianapolis, where he now resides.

Potters. - Potters were among the early mechanics of Richmond. A pottery was built on South Front street, and is said to have been occupied by Eleazar Hiatt, Isaac Beeson, Geo. Bell, a mulatto, and John Scott. The last died of cholera in 18o3. Samuel and Edward Foulke, young men, settled early in Richmond, and carried on successfully the potter's trade, and closed their business. Samuel re-established himself in the business at Indianapolis, and Edward returned to Ohio. Samuel returned to Richmond, and retired from business. There has been no pottery in Richmond for many years.

Miscellaneous. - Solomon Dickinson, a tinsmitli, from Philadelphia, in 1821, settled on Front street, near Ezra Boswell's, where he resided until his death. His shop was on Main street, between Marion and Pearl. He was also a dealer in stoves. After his death the business was continued

Edmund Dickinson, a son, at present a gunsmith, near the nortli-west corner of Main and Front streets. Solomon, another son, is in the grocery trade. Two other sons were Charles A. and Robert B.

Andrew Eeid, a brother of Daniel Reid, was the first gunsmith. His shop was near Boswell's, a daughter of whom he married. He removed from the county many years ago.

Charles Kewman, from Pa., early set up a turning shop on Franklin street, north of Main, where he still continues the business, having in the meantime improved his establishment.

Matthew Rattray, a native of Scotland, and a zrmiTr, came in 1822, and had a shop on South Front street. He married a Miss Cheeseman ; lived on Front street, and retired long since. They are still living on North Franklin street.

Lewis Baxter, an early settler, a hrick-layer and stonemason, married a Miss Miller, whose parents lived a few miles north-west of town. He is yet living on his old homestead on Front street.

Samuel Senix, from Delaware about 1830, with a wife and small family, soon purchased in the suburbs of the town, on Main street ; has been an industrious mechanic, and is still living in Richmond.

Brewer. - The first brewery in Richmond was commenced by Ezra Boswell, about the time the town was incorporated. His shop, from which he supplied the citizens of the town and country with beer and cakes, was on Front street, north of Main. It was much frequented by the citizens and by the country people who came to town on business - beer being then deemed a wholesome beverage. Boswell was a respectable man, and a member of the first board of trustees of the town, elected after its incorporation.

Christian Buhl, direct from Germany, came to Richmond as early as 1830, established a brewery on Main street, west side of the town, near the ISTational bridge. It was extensively patronized, not only by the citizens, but by travelers and emigrants passing near it. At nearly every raising one or more kegs or buckets of Buhl's beer were drunk. The stream of small coin constantly flowing into his money drawer for a few years, made him a comparatively rich man. Ho bought a hirgo farm a mile and a half south-west of the town, where he died a few years after. George, one of his sons, now resides on the farm.

Physicians. - The dates of the settlement of the early physicians, or the order in which they settled, it is dithcult to ascertain. The Historical Sketch of Richmond, by Dr. Plummer, written nearly a quarter of a century ago, is deemed more reliable authority than tlie recollections of persons at this late period.

Dr. Thomas Carroll is mentioned by Dr. P. as the first physician in Richmond. He came in 1819, and in 1823 removed to Cincinnati, where he was many years in practice, and where he died in March, 1871. A Dr. Cushman, from Port Wayne, is said to have come in 1820. He built a distillery in the south part of the town on the side of the hill on Front street, near a spring. In this enterprise he was unsuccessful, as was also his successor, Dr. Warner, into whose hands it passed. He suft'ered it to go down ; and it was never revived. Dr. Cushman returned to Fort Wayne, where he was an associate judge. Dr. Ithamar Warner came to Richmond about the year 1820, and was for many years the piincipal practicing physician in this town and Wayne township. [Sk.] Dr. Wm. Pugh studied medicine and commenced practice in Richmond, the year not ascertained. He removed to Centerville about the year 1824, where he soon after died. Dr. James R. Mendenhall, of Carolina origin, commenced practice in 1822, and retired in 1830. [Sk.] A Dr. Griffith arrived soon after Dr. Warner. He was somewhat advanced in age and practice. He chose a location on Front street. Alter a brief practice here, he removed to the AVest. The vacancy made by his removal was filled by Dr. John T. Plummer, only son of Joseph P. Plummer. [Sk.] Wm. B. Smith, from the East, studied medicine with Dr. Warner; married Alice Irwin, and settled on North Pearl street. He practiced many years with success, and died in middle life. Dr. Samuel Nixon came to Richmond about the year 1830; remained in town a number of years, and had a large practice ; after and soon left for want of husiness. This must have been after 1824, as in that year there was no law3'er in Richmond. John B. Chapman, from Ya., was advertised in the Public Lcchjrr in 1826, as attorney and counselor at law.

John D. Vaughan was here before 1828, and died of cholera in 1833. Two of his sons, Edward and John, are at present, and have been for many years, hardware merchants, corner of Main and Franklin streets. Andrew, another son, is in the hvery business. A daughter is the wife of Samuel Lippincott, many years a carriage maker in Richmond, lately removed to Indianapolis. Widow Yaughan, now widow of the late Henry Hoover, resides in the city.

John W. Green was an early lawyer in Richmond, and is still remembered by the oldest citizens. He has since resided, and probably still resides, in New York.

William A. Bickle, from Ya., came with his father to Centerville, in 1836, and the same year to Richmond, where he engaged as clerk in the store of Daniel Reid. He soon after commenced the study of law, and was admitted to practice in Feb., 1840. He settled in Richmond, where he has continued in the successful practice of his protessiou until the present time.

Jesse P. Siddall, son of Atticus Siddall, an early merchant, before noticed, was born in Richmond, Oct. 20, 1821. In 1842 he was admitted, and commenced the practice of law in Madison Co. ; whence, after about two years, he removed to Centerville, where he formed a partnership with John S. Newman, which continued about ten years, during the last two of which Mr. Siddall resided in Richmond, where he is still: engaged in his profession.

As a manufacturing town, Ricliniond has long maintained a high rank among the cities of the west. In the amount and ViH-iety of its manufactures, in proportion to itspopuh\tion, it is perhaps unsurpassed in any western city. Tlie products of its cnpital and hibor find sale in many of the western and south-western states, Onr limited space forbids a minute description of these establishments ; some of tliem can scarcely receive the briefest notice. AVe commence with the

Gaau Machine Works. - This extensive establishment, now devoted to the manufacture of steam and horse power thresliing machines, portable and stationary engines, circular and mulay saw-mills, and other works of a similar character, was started in 183G, in a frame building, which stands on the corner of High street and Washington avenue, whither it was removed in 1856 to make room for the machine shop. Its first proprietor was Isaac E. Jones, who used the building princijially for a stove foundry. In 1839, it passed into tlie hands of Jesse M. and Jolm II. Ilutton, and in 1841 was built the first thresher (a chaff-piler) ever made in Indiana. In 1849, the Huttons sold their establishment to Jonas Gaar and his sons, Abraham and John M. Gaar, and his son-in-law, AVm. G. Scott, who continued the business under the firm of A. Gaar & Co., until April 1, 1870, just twenty-one years, during which time it grew to its pi'csent liuge proprotions. Its majority was celebrated at the latter date, when the firm assumed the name of Gaar, Scott & Co., the same proprietors being still the exclusive holders of the cajiital stock of the concern, amounting to |400,000. The purchase money paid by A. Gaar & Co. to the Huttons is said to have been §9,000. From this may be seen the vast extension of the business under the nninagement of the present proprietors.

The machine shop, built in 1856, was burned dowm, January 31, 1858, but was immediately rebuilt; and other buildings have from time to time been added. The establishment uses four or five acres for its buildings and grounds ; has used 400,000 feet of lumber in a year, melted four tons of pig-iron in its foundry per day, and made up 100 tons of boiler iron annu- ally. The floor room in the shops and warehouses is 1,662,309 square feet - about two and one-third acres. The number of hands employed averages over 200; and the products are between $350,000 and $400,000 per annum.

EoBiNSON Machine IYgrks. - This establishment was founded in 1842, by Francis W. Robinson, on the corner of Main and Washington streets. It was for a time confined to the making of threshing machines of tbe " Chaff-Piler " and " Traveler " patterns. The former was a horse-power machine, and simply threshed the wheat ; the latter took the wheat in the shock, threshed and separated it, and delivered the wheat in a box, leaving the straw on the ground. The value of the machines turned out the first year did not, as is believed, exceed in value $6,000. In 1858, Mr. Eobinsou obtained a patent for a threshing machine, which, has been improved from time to time, until the " Gold Medal Thresher and Separator" is supposed to be equal to any in the United States. In or about the year 1847, he commenced the making of steam engines and saw-mills. In 1862, Jonas W. Yeo became sole proprietor, and was joined in 1868 by Robert II. Shoemaker; since which time the business has been conducted under the firm of Yeo & Shoemaker. From a comparatively small beginning, these works have risen, to a high rank among the manufactories of its class in the state. Its grounds on the corner having become too circumscribed for its increasing business, room was obtained for the boiler shop on the east side of Washington street, and for the warehouse on the south side of Main. Its manufactures are horse-power and steam threshers and separators, portable and stationary engines, portable saw-mills, and castings of eA^ery description. The average number of workmen employed is between seventy and eighty ; and the amount of sales has been between $125,000 and $150,000 annually. In 1866, a fire occurred in the establishment which destroyed property to a considerable amount, the loss being mostly covered by insurance.

Quaker City Works. - These works were commenced by Isaac Hinge, in 1856, soon after the completion of the National bridge, (which had been built under his superintendence,) for the manufacture of stationary engines, and all kinds of job become a partner,) built the present three-story brick shop and foundry, when the concern took the name of the Machine Works." In 18G0, Kinge sokl his interest to Brady; and the business was conducted by Brady & Son. Brady soon after sokl one-third of liis interest to J. M. Aikin, and the same year anotlier third to J. J. Jvussell. In 1862, Brady sokl his remaining interest to Wm. Sinex ; and soon after Russell sold his to John Roberts, the name of the firm, J. M. Aikin & Co. still remaining unchanged. In 1865, Samuel Sinex became sole proprietor, and, in 1867, sold to A. IsT. Hadley and G. Morrow, (tirm, A. iST. Iladley & Co.) Among the articles manufactured at these works are stationary and portable engines, of all sizes, flouring-mill machinery, circular saw-mills, turbine water wheels, circular saws for firewood, shingle machines, Doan's ditching machines, tile-mills for making tile, Farquhar & Doan's feed boilers, sugar-mills, and all kinds of builders' work. Al)out thirty men have been employed, and the products have been about §100,000 in a year.

Uniox Machine Works. - These works, for the manufacture of portable and stationary engines and castings generally, were established in 1860, by White & Bargion. In 1862, they passed into the hands of Edgar M. Baylies, Joseph Marchant, and Gustavus A. Bajdies. In 1864, Marchant sold his interest to G. A. Baylies, and the firm took the name of Baylies & Co. In 1866, the firm was changed to Baylies, Yaughan & Co., the partners being E. M., G. A., and Joseph M. Baylies, and Andrew F. Yaughan. In 1868, Yaughan retired, and the firm was changed to J. M. Baylies & Co. In 1869, Isaac D. Dunn came in under the firm name of Baylies, Dunn & Co. In 1870, the name of the firm was again changed to Baylies, Yaughan & Co. The average number of men heretofore employed is 35; and the value of products annually sold, about 860,000. These works are on the corner of Seventh and Pool streets, north of the railroad depot.

EicHMOND ]\IiLL Y^'oEKS. - Tlicsc works were established N"ovember, 1859, by Ellis ISTordyke and his son, Addison II. ISTordyke, at the corner of Green and AValnut streets. In 1866, they removed to their place of business, in the north-west part of the city, on Green street, when Daniel W. Marmon became a partner, and the company took the name of JSTorclyke, Marmon & Co. They have from time to time added to the number of articles manufactured and furnished, among which are grinding and bolting mills, corn and feed mills, burr millstones, bolting cloths, smut machines, &c. Their specialty is . the manufacture of complete portable flour mills, and bolts for grinding and bolting the several kinds of grain. All that pertains to a flrst rate flouring mill, except the castings, is made at this establishment. From 20 to 30 hands are employed; and the annual products amount in value to about §65,000.

The proprietors have also, at the same place, a custom flouring mill, five stories high, propelled by the same water power. This mill was built in 1867, and is run by H. C. Wright & Co. The grinding is done in the fourth story, which is on a level with the street on the east side. The stones are turned by a perpendicular shaft. [Since the above was written, in consequence of the death of Ellis ITordyke, a change in the proprietorship has occurred.]

Stove Foundry. - In 1865, C. P. Peterson and E. J. King established a foundry for the manufacture of stoves, hollowware, and castings generally. Their capital and trade have steadily increased, until their annual products amount to $25,000 or $30,000 ; and their wares are sold in several states. Castings for the school desk manufacturers are made at this foundry.

Richmond School Furniture Works. - John P. Allen and George H. Grant associated, in 1865, under the Arm of Allen & Grant, for the manufacture of Allen's patent selfsupporting school desks. In 1868, Air. Allen died ; and soon after, Mr. Grant took as a partner, Joseph Marcliant, who, in April, 1869, sold his interest to Joshua Nickerson and Wm. Wooton, when the company took its present name, George H. Grant & Co. In December, 1869, Turner W. Haynes bought the interest of Mr. Wooton ; and in January, 1870, A. W. Kempleman became a partner. The business was commenced in South Sixth street. The increased demand for the Richmond school furniture required the enlargement of their works; and new buildings Avere erected on the corner of Ninth and ISToble streets. Both the quantity and variety of furniture manufactured has increased. There are here made school desks and scats of various styles and sizes, recitation seats, settees for halls and depots, counters on iron frames, counting-house desks, church pews, library and cabinet cases, gymnastic apparatus, etc. The quantity of lumber annually used by these works is about 300,000 feet. The number of hands employed is about 15, and the value of products sold about .^40,000 a year.

Sash, Door, and Blind and School Furniture Manufactory. - In 185G, llollopater & Barnard commenced the manufacture of doors, sash, and blinds, at the corner of Sixth and Walnut streets; and in 1859 sold the establishment to Ezra Smith, James Smith, and Asa S. Smith. The business has since been conducted under the lirm of Ezra Smith & Co., Avithout change of partnership, except by the reti ement of Asa S. Smith, six months after it was formed. The present proprietors have added to their machiney a planing mill, and to their manufactures the various articles of school furiiUiire, and all kinds of joiners' work for buildings. Tliej' employ about 20 hands, and sell of their products annually to the value of about §40,000.

Burial Case and Casket Manufactory. - The manufacture of sash, doors, and blinds was commenced about the year 1854, by Smith & Hyde, corner of Sixth and Market streets. The establishment passed successively into the hands of the following firms : Ilasecoster & Bowten, (who removed it to Fort Wayne avenue,) Ilasecoster & Kane, and Hasecoster & Stephens. In February, 1867, Jesse M. Ilutton, George Ilasecoster, Samuel S. Cause, and Yim. P. Hutton became proprietors, under the lirm name of J. M. Ilutton & Co. In January, 18G8, they removed to their new building on the south-west corner of ISTinth and jNoble streets. In June, 18G9, George Sherman and Matthew II. Dill were admitted as partners; and the company was incorporated under the general law of the legislature, without change of name. In 1869, the manufacture of wooden burial cases and eashis was added to their business, and has already become quite extensive.

Their new shop was a three-story brick building, 105 by 40 feet. The new branch of business requiring an increase of room, a new brick building, 100 by 25 feet, three stories high, was erected on the north-east corner of Noble and Mnth streets, which has since been enlarged by an addition of equal dimensions. Orders for these cases are received from the western and south-western states. In the two branches of this establishment, about 40 persons are employed; nearly 700,000 feet of lumber are consumed; and between $40,000 and §50,000 in value of products are sold in a year.

Since the foregoing was written, the first mentioned of these buildings - that in which the manufacturing was chiefly done - with its machinery and other contents, was destroyed by fire, October 4, 1870. In fifty-five days, a new three-story brick building was erected on the same spot, and in successful operation. The loss was estimated at $22,000, and no portion covered by insurance. The business is now confined to the burial case and casket manufacture, which has been greatly increased. About 50 persons are now employed, and the amount of sales has been augmented in a much greater proportion.

Empire Steel Plow Factory. - This business was commenced in 1832 by Solomon and David S. Horney, by whom it was continued for about eight years, and thereafter by Solomon Horney until about the year 1848, when he was again joined by his former partner, and the business was carried on in the name of S. & D. S. Horney. In 1850, S. Horney again assumed the sole proprietorship. In 1852, George McCallough became a partner; and in 1853, Elwood Patterson - firm, S. Horney & Co., which has continued to the present time. This has become one of the more important manufacturing establishments of the city. At a not very remote period, it turned out about 500 plows ^annually. Its products have risen to upward of 5,000 a year. Cultivators and other agricultural implemeuts also are to some extent manufactured. About 30 persons are employed, and the value of products annually sold is about $70,000.

308 Miiui street. In 18G7, tlio firm Avas cliangod to Bratz, Perry & Co., and in 1869 to Oran Terry. The molds, sliares, and all other parts of the plows coming in contact with the soil, are made of German and cast steel, and polished on emery belt. The number of plows made at these works the first year was 150 ; the last year about 2,500. They are sold in the states of Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, AVisconsin, Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee, and at prices from $10 to §40.

Carriage Manufactories. - Peter Crocker, the proprietor of an establishment of this kind on Main street, commenced business in tliis city as a blacksm th in 1837. In 1815, he commenced the wagon-making business. Siiiee 1852, he has confined himself to the manufacturing of fine carriages, which, for quality of material, for neatness and durability, are scarcely surpassed by those of any similar establishment in the state. The value of the products of this manufactory has been from §12,000 to $15,000 annually.

Stephen S.Strattan, a native of Richmond, commenced carriage-making in 1859, on Fort Wayne avenue, where he still continues the business. He wrought first at repairing and the ;iiaking of peddlers' wagons. He has gradually enlarged his shop and extended his business, until it has become a first-class establishment. Its products have reached the amount of about §14,000 a year.

Hub, Spoke, and Felloe Manufactory. - This business was commenced about the year 1865, by Hare, Test & Co., who run it about three years, and Lemon, Test & Co. about one year. It next passed to I)r. J. P. Mendenhall, wIk), about six months after, sold to Matthews & Brother, [Edward 11. and Wm. J^. Matthews,] who, in 1871, changed their business to the manufacture of patent carriage, wheels. This establishment is on the corner of Eighth and jSToble streets.

PiciiMOND Malleable Iron Works. - These works were established during the last year, [1871,] and are already in successful operation. Its proprietors are E. B. Palmer and H. H. Fetta. They make all kinds of malleable iron castinii's: also wao'on, carriao;e, plow, and ai>:ricultural castings. The proprietors contemplate making large additions to their

Cutlery Manufactory. - This establishment is one mile north of the city near the Hillsboro' turnpike. The buildings were erected in 1865, by Joseph Comer and Clarkson Moore. Though the variety of the articles here manufactured is not great, the quality is said tq be excellent. Pocketknives and table knives and forks are made a specialty. The works are now in the hands of a stock company, the members of which are Joseph Comer, John Eoberts, A. P. Stanton, and James Comer.

Woolen Manufacture. - Jesse Clark, from ]N"orth Carolina, who had settled about 2 miles north of Eichmond, and built there a fulling-mill, the first in the count , removed his machinery to a building which he had erected at or near the present site of the Green street flou ring-mill. He leased the works to Warner M. Leeds and Samuel Test, who added machinery for carding, spinning, and weaving. In 1825, they sold the lease for the unexpired term to Levinus King and his brothers, Thomas W. and Dean. In 1834, Levinus King became the sole proprietor, and continued such until 1837. company was then formed, styled ^'Eichmond Trading and Manufacturing Company" composed of Levinus King, proprietor of the woolen factory, Warner M. Leeds and Isaac E. Jones, owners of the paper mill, and James R. Mendenhall, who had become the owner of the Cox grist-mill. This company continued until 1843, when the property passed out of their hands. Mr. King then hired the establishment, and, after having run it for five or six years, bought it in 1848, and continued the business until 1853. It was afterward converted into a flax-dressing mill.

M In or about the year 1835, Wm. Bancroft started a luoolen factory half a mile below town, where Mering's grist-mill now is. He continued the manufacturing business about three years. It then passed into the hands of Caleb Shrieve, who rented it a year to Levinus King, and a year to Christian Buhl, when it was discontinued.

EicHMOND Woolen Mills. - The establisliment of these mills in 1865, by Richard Jackson and Elias H. Swayne, on the site of the old grist-mill of Jeremiah Cox, and subsequently of the flouring-mill of Basil Brightwell, has been mentioned. About six months after, Henry C. Dunn became a partner; after which time the name of the firm, Jackson, Swayne & Dunn, has remained without eliange. The building was much enlarged, and the machinery greatly extended and improved, until it was surpassed by few manufactories of the kind in the West. The building was of wood, five stories high. The goods made at these mills consisted chiefly of cassimeres, jeans, satinets, blankets, and yarns, which were considered equal in quality to similar goods made in eastern mills. They received complimentary notices at the expositions in Chicago and Cincinnati ; and at the latter, premiums were received on satinets, flannels, and yarn. These mills gave employment to about 75 hands; consumed annually about 150,000 pounds of wool, costing about 45 cents a pound ; and turned out manufactured products yearly to the value of 8200,000. They contained three sets of carding machines, four j;icks, (960 spindles,) and twenty-nine looms; and had the capacity to produce 4,500 yards of different kinds of cloth, and 1,000 pounds of j^arn per week. About a year ago, and since the above sketch was prepared, these mills, with their contents, were destroyed by fire. A small proportion of the loss was covered, by insurance.

Mount Vernon "Woolen ]Mill. - This mill is on the Whitewater, about a mile and a half below the city. It was established in 1855, by Alpheus Test, It was destroyed by fire ia 1857, and rebuilt by Alpheus Test and Abijah Moflitt. A year or two later, the firm was changed to A. Test & Co. In 1865, William, Kufus, and Oliver, sons of Alpheus Test, became proprietors, and under the firm of Test & Brothers, have conducted the concern until the present time. In 1866, it was again burned down, the proprietors sutfering a loss of 89,000, and was immediately rebuilt. Although various kinds of cloth are made to some extent, it is now chiefly employed in the manufacture of stocking yarn of all kinds for machine and hand knitting. It gives employment to about fifteen hands, and its products amount to about §25,000 or §30,000 a year.

Fleecy Dale Woolen Factory, - Tliis manufactory was established by BeDJamin Illbbard in 1825, on the site of a sawmill previously owned by Hawkins. (?) It was in or about the year 1849 bought of Hibbard by Benjamin Bond and Alpheus Test, and conducted by them for several years ; next by Samuel Nixon and Ezekiel Aikin until 1865 ; and since, by Ezekiel Aikin and Samuel Porter, [E. Aikin & Co.,] to the present time. Custom work, chiefly, is done at this establishment. Its fabrics are blankets, flannels, satinets, jeans, and stocking yarn, which are sold, or exchanged for wool, at the manufactory. It is situated about a mile and a half above the city, on Whitewater.

Richmond Knitting Factory. - Among the manufacturing establishments of Richmond worthy of note, is the stocking manufactory of John H. Hutton. It was established on Main street, near Seventh, in 1867, when only a single Lamb knitting machine was used. It was removed, in 1868, to Fifth street. The number of machines now employed is eighteen, each operated by a female; turning out, in the aggregate, about 150, dozen pairs of woolen socks per week. Some of the more experienced girls knit three dozen, and in a few instances as many as three and a half dozen pairs in a day. A large number of women are employed at their homes, in putting on the tops and closing up the heels. Orders for these goods have been received from l^ew York and Philadelphia ; but chiefly from Chicago. Also, tine articles of ladies and children's hose are manufactured here. Goods to the value of about $25,000 a year are turned out by the establishment.

A Cotton Factory was built by Charles W. Starr, about the year 1831, just above the Williamsburg turnpike bridge. He run it several years, and sold the property to Job Swain, who sold the machinery, and converted the building into a j^eg factory. It passed to Isaac E. Jones, who changed it to a silk factory, which was changed to a grist-mill, called the " Spring Mill." This was bought several years after by Joseph P. Laws, who converted it into a tannery, which also has been discontinued.

City 'Of Richmond

since which time, the business has been carried on by Thompson & Vandeman. Two different looms are made at these works: the Flying Shuttle Hand Loom, and the Self- Acting Hand Loom. Improvements in these looms were patented in Sept., 1867. More than 1,200 of them have been made and put into operation. One of these looms may serve a number of families. They are used for weaving cassimeres, jeans, satinets, linsey, flannel, wool and rag carpets, &c. This firm has added to their business the manuflicture of School Furniture, embracing the various articles necessary for the school-room.

Paper Mills. - The Public Ledger, in 1827, contained the following announcement : " Mr. Smith is progressing finely with his paper-mill ; and we hope in the fall to \Q^\\Qi\iQ Ledger on a sheet manufactured at Richmond." The death of the proprietor in the spring of 1828, disappointed the hope of the editor. In 1830, however, a paper mill was put in operation by Leeds & Jones, under the superintendence of John Easton. This mill afterward was a part of the property of the Richmond Manufacturing and Trading Company, elsewhere noticed. It afterward came into the possession of the Nixon Brothers ; and the establishment has been owned chiefly by that family to the present time. About a year ago, the mill was destroyed by fire, and a new one has been erected in its place. The Nixons have also, near the same spot, a mill for the manufacture of paper flour sacks and other articles.

A paper mill was also built in 1853, by Timothy Thistlethwaite. Miles J. Shinn, and Joseph C. Ratliff", and operated for a time by the company, and afterward by Thistlethwaite, who discontinued the paper mill, and added the power to that of his grist-mill, [now Bush's mill,] which has a fall of 47 feet.

Richmond Linseed Od jllill was started in 1852, by Bursou & Evans, [D. S. Burson and J. P. Evans.] It had a capacity to manufacture, yearly, about 50,000 bushels of flaxseed. It was destroyed by fire, Feb. 7, 1864, at a loss of about §75,000. It was replaced by a three-story brick building, 80 by 60 feet, and is owned and run b}^ J. W. Burson & Co., [J. W. and E. T. Burson,] and has a capacity of 80,000 bushels of seed a year. It is one of the best arranged and best constructed mills of

Flouring Mills. - Thomas Newman, about the year 1825, built a grist-mill on West Fork, near liichmond. About the year 1853, it was bought of Newman's heirs by Thomas Hunt & Co. It has since been owned by Timothy Thistlethwaite, and is now the property of Davis Bush, of Quincy, 111., who has recently remodeled, enlarged, and improved it. It is now considered equal to any mill in the county, and manufactures, it is said, about 1,000 baruels a week. It is propelled both by steam and water power.

Benjamin and Ezra Hill own a large flouring mill half a mile north of the city. Mering's mill stands about half a mile below the National bridge. The Nordyke mill, in the city, now run by H. C. Wright & Co., has been mentioned. There is also a steam grist-mill on Sixth street, near the depot.

Groceries. - Forkner & Elmer, [James Forkner and Charles . N. Elmer,] opened a wholesale grocery store at 149 Fifth street and 3 Noble street, in September, 1865. Andrew F. Scott became a partner, in October, 1867; since which time the business has been conducted by Forkner, Scott & Elmer. Average annual sales for several years, ending in 1870, were about $300,000.

Howard & Grubbs, [John R. Howard and John W. Grubbs,] commenced business as wholesale grocers, in 1860. In 1867, Elijah K. Harvey was admitted as a partner ; and under the firm name of How^ard, Grubbs & Co., the business was continued until the autumn of 1871, when Mr. Grubbs retired. The business is still continued by the other members of the firm, at 204 and 206 Fort Wayne avenue. Sales the first year, $90,000;. the last year, [ending in 1870,] about $400,000.

Thomas B. Vanaernam and Lorenzo Williams commenced, in 1866, a wholesale trade in boots and shoes, in connection with that branch of the dry goods trade usually termed ''-Notions,'' to which the business is now chiefly confined. In 1808, Williams retired from tlie coneeri ; and Mr. Vanaernam continues sole proprietor. The business, which has been steadily increasing, amounted, in 1870, to about 860,000 or §70,000 a year.

Drugs and Medicines. - Awdiolesale drug store was opened in 1868, by Plummer & Morrisson, [Jonathan W. Plnmmer and Robert, son of James L. Morrisson,] 'No. 193 Fort Wayne avenue, having a Fifth street front of double width. Though a comparatively new establishment, its sales have attained an amount of from $100,000 to §125,000 a year.

QuEENSWARE AND Glassware. - In 1803, T. F. Bailey & Co. [Thomas F. Bailey, AVm. P. Ratlilf, and AYm. Bailey.] commenced the crockery [queensware] and glassware trade. They continued their wholesale business at No. 147 Fifth street, Reid's block, and their retail store on Main street, until 1871. Their sales the iirst year amounted to about $9,000 ; the last, ending in 1870, §99,000. They discontinued business in Richmond in 1871.

Iron Stores. - William AY. Foulke, in 1854, succeeded Mordecai Parry, at his present stand, on Xoble street, in the iron and heavy hardware trade; the stock consisting of bar, band, hoop, and sheet-iron, nails, anvils, and such articles generally as are wanted by blacksmiths, mill builders, and others - which are sold at wholesale and retail. Mr. Foulke has continued in the business till t e present time, having, however, been in the meantime associated with many partners, under the several tirms of Foulke & Fish, Fouy^e & Shoemaker, Foulke, Shoemaker & Coffin, Foulke & Co., the partner being Timothy Thistlethwaite. The latter has retired.

Wm. L. Hadley,] have recently established themselves as dealers in woolen machinery, dyestuffs, cotton warps, belting and factory supplies of all kinds. Their store is at No. 15 Noble street, opposite the railroad depot.

State Bank or Indiana. - This bank was chartered in 1833. Indiana was then comparatively a new state, with no railroads, and few turnpikes or other public improvements, no cities or large towns. There was but little capital in the state. Few men had accumulated wealth - very few who did not find it necessary to labor for their daily bread. The state took one-half of the stock of the bank, and borrowed the money on its bonds in New York to pay it, and at the same time borrowed enough to aid the subscribers, by loan, in paying their stock. Ten branches were organized, which did all the business with the public, the state bank being merely an office to which the branches reported. The stock was all taken by honorable and excellent men. The control always remained in such hands ; and the business was managed with prudence and success. The bank did much to increase the resources and wealth of the country, and proved a great benefit to the community, as well as profitable to the stockholders. At its close it paid off the entire debt created by the state to start it, and left a surplus of several millions of dollars, which was wisely appropriated by its charter to the school fund of the state, and made the basis of the munificent fund by which free schools are supported in every school district. The great success of this bank was due to the high character and ability of its ofiicers and directors. Few changes occurred in its managers during its existence.

The Branch at Richmond commenced business on the 1st of December, 1834. The stock was made up in Richmond and in "Wayne and adjoining counties, principally in small sums, and diff"used among all classes of the community. Most of its directors were residents of Richmond ; but the counties of Fayette, Union, Henry, and Randolph were generally represented in the board. Its loans were made in small sums through all these counties, and did much to develop the re- sources of the country, and to aid those who were struggling for a competency. Meetings of the board were hokl weekly ; and all notes were passed upon by them. The bank was generally crowded on "discount day" Avith applicants for loans ; and the ofticers frequently hud to remain at the banking room until late at night to "enter up," and be prepared to pay out, next day, the proceeds of notes discounted.

Kobcrt Morrisson was the largest stockholder. He had been a prosperous Ijusiness man, and was comparatively wealthy. He now retired from business, and being one of the directors of the state bank, was rarely .absent from the quarterly meetings of its board; and by his well-known integrity, decided character, and good sense, did much to form the character of the state bank. Achilles "Williams was the first i)resident of the Richmond branch. He was an old citizen, upright, deservedly popular, and universally esteemed, and aided in giving character to the new bank. He served a year or two, and resigned to take a place in the state senate.

Albert C. Blanchard succeeded Mr. Williams as president of the l)aidv until the expiration of its charter - about 23 years. At the time of his election he was a young merchant, who had resided a few years in Richmond. He was possessed of excellent business habits and an unblemished character. His means were not large, yet with a high sense of honor and witli good management, he never allowed a debt to run overdue. He had by great industry built up a large trade in Wayne and the neighboring counties. Attending to the details of every branch of his business, he grew in prosperity, and by his correct deportment gained the respect of the community.

For several years Mr. Blanchard gave the bank only partial attention; but as his stock and his interest in it increased, he gave it more time, until he closed his mercantile business, and gave the bank his undivided attention. Under his administration the bank increased rapidly in business and profits. It sometimes passed through the ordeal of panics and suspensions, but always came out unharmed; and its jiresident came to be regarded as one of the most successful financiers in the West.

Elijah Coffin was the first and onlj cashier of this bank. He opened its doors in 1834, and closed them in 1859. His well-known signature appeared on all its notes. He had been for several years engaged in mercantile business at Milton, and was temporarily residing at Cincinnati when he was elected cashier. He was a leading member of the society of Friends, widely known and highly respected ; and his genial nature and pleasant address contributed much to the popularity of the institution. Prudent and cautious, he ventured little himself, and always advised a safe, conservative ptolicy. Ever looking to the interests of the stockholders, he watched carefully the expenditures of the bank, and the solvency and promptitude of its paper. He died in 1862, three years after the expiration of its charter.

The building at present occupied by the Richmond National Bank was erected for the old state bank in 1834. Silver was then used as a legal tender; and the original stock was paid in silver coin, which, before the vault was completed, was kept in several large kegs and boxes, and watched day and night by several prominent citizens, in turn, in a store-room in the village. The bank notes Avere redeemed in silver coin. In the course of business money was frequently conveyed in large farm-wagons to and from Cincinnati, a journey requiring three or four days. Some of the wagoners who conveyed such loads are still living, and relate an amusing experience in guarding against the difliculties and dangers of the trip.

The speculation in public lands about the year 1836 brought many land-buyers, on horseback, through Richmond, and as coin only was taken at the land- offices, tlie horses were often fatigued and their backs made sore by the heavilyloaded saddle-bags. Many stopped, and exchanged their money at the bank for paper, rather running the risk of buying the coin at the land-office than carry it further.

The bank, conducted in the manner stated, prospered and became the principal monetary center of a large extent of country. Before the days of railroads and express companies, almost all the balances of the bank at Cincinnati and other commercial points were created by the transmission of money, which was generally sent by one of the officers, or some other trusty person, traveling either b}' stage, which was about twenty hours in going to Cincinnati, or by private conveyance, taking the greater part of two days when the roads were in good condition.

The notes of the banks of many of the states were uncurrent in other states; and persons traveling or removing were often obliged to exchange them at a discount. The bank at Richmond aided much in facihtating business of this kind, and, as first turnpikes, then raih-oad-^, were constructed, conformed to the change they produced, and still aided, in other ways, the growing business of the country. Those acquainted only with the present time, when there are so many means for the transmission 'of funds, and when there is a uniform national cuirency, can scarcely realize how great has been the change since the commencement of the State Bank of Indiana.

Bank of the State of Indiana. - In anticipation of the expiration of the charter of the state bank, the legislature, in 1855, passed the charter of the Banlc of the State of I/n/iana. The managers of the old bank purchased the stock in most of the branches, and assumed the management of the new bank, a responsibility for which their large experience had eminently fitted them. Hugh McCulloch, of Fort Wayne, afterward secretary of the treasury, was the president.

The branch at Richmond was organized with Albert C. Blancliard as president, and Charles F. Coffin as cashier, and took the room and place of business of the state bank. It did a large and prosperous business; but the uncertainty caused by the war, and the heavy taxation imposed on state banks by Congress, in order to drive them out of business, led its stockholders, in 1865, to wind up the institution. In the same year, the

Richmond Xational Bank was established under the national banking law, was opened in the room occupied by the liank of the state, and previously built for the state bank. Charles F. Coffin Avas elected president, and Albert II., son of Albert C, cashier. This institution is still in successful operation.

charter of the old state bank, Kichmond having rapidly increased in population, wealth, and business, there seemed to be an opening for another bank; and in the jeav 1853, a private partnership was formed, consisting of Robert Morrisson, Albert C. Blanchard, and Charles F. Coffin, under the style of Morrisson, Blanchard & Co., and a bank was opened, called Citizens' Bank. Its first place of business was a small room on Main street, between Marion and Pearl. Its business was the same as that of the chartered bank, except that it did not issue notes for circulation. The large capital and high character of its proprietors secured for it unlimited credit and a prosperous business. A larger banking office being soon needed, the present large and elegant building on the corner of Main and Pearl streets was erected. Its banking room is one of the finest and most complete in the country. It has always been the policy of the Citizens' Bank to foster the trade and business of Richmond; and its loans have been made to small mechanics starting in business, as well as to the larger establishments which needed aid.

In 1865, Robert Morrisson died|; and his only child, James L. Morrisson, succeeded to his business. Albert C. Blanchard had previously [in 1863], after so many years of active devotion to business, retired therefrom, and on account of the ill health of some members of his family, reluctantly left the scene of his active labors - the home of his adoption - and the companions of his business life ; and, having withdrawn his pecuniary interest from Indiana, he removed to Massachusetts, where he had purchased the home of his ancestors, and where he now lives in quiet retirement. He was succeeded in business by his son Albert H. Blanchard, the bank being still continued in the name of Morrisson, Blanchard & Co., by Charles F. Coffin (one of the original proprietors), James L. Morrisson, and Albert II. Blanchard.

The First National Bank of Richmond, organized nnder authority of the controller of the currency, to continue for the term of nineteen years, commenced business Jul}^ 13, 1863. Its capital stock was $110,000. Its directors were James E. Reeves, Edward W. Yarrington, Joshua Holland, Wm. S. Reid, John W. Grubbs, Isaac P. Evans, J. H. Moorman, J.

Vanuxem, Jun., and Andrew F. Scott. Only two changes in the board have occurred: Thomas Woodnut in the place of Joshua Holland, resigned; and Mark E. Reeves in the place of E. W. Yarrington, deceased. At its commencement James E. Reeves was chosen president; Edward "W". Yarrington, cashier; Clement "W. Ferguson, teller; J, F. Reeves, bookkeeper. In January, 1865, T. G. Yarrington was elected cashier in the place of E. W. Yarrington, resigned; David II. Dougan in the place of J. F. Reeves, resigned. In September, 1866, John B. Dougan was appointed assistant bookkeeper and messenger. In Xovember, 1870, J. F. Reeves was chosen cashier in the place of T. G. Yarrington, resigned.

During a period of nearly eight years since the organization of the bank, it has loaned between thirteen and fourteen millions of dollars, including over ten thousand bills and notes discounted ; and the entire losses incurred amount to less than four hundred dollars.

The schools in Riclimond, at the time of its incorporation as a town, were probably but little in advance of those of the surrounding country. But as is usual among dense populations, embracing persons of the diliorent trades and professions, the improvement of the schools was more rapid. Teachers of superior qualifications sought these places for greater compensation.

The general government had wisely appropriated a section of land [iSTo. 16,] in every original township for the support of schools. But it was many years before this fund afforded any considerable aid. Taxation was at length to some extent resorted to. Other sources of income to tlie school fund have been provided, and improvements made in the school system, until the schools of this state, under its well-devised s\'stem, have attained to a position equal to that of the schools of most of her sister states.

The Friends, at an early day, established a school in the town. After the separation in 1828, the dissenting portion established one also, and built both a meeting-house and a school-house near the junction of Franklin street and Fort Wayne avenue. These private or select schools have been continued, with the exception of a few brief intervals, to the present time. The school building of the old society stands near the old Whitewater meeting-house. The other society sold their buildings a few years ago, and built on the square, between Eighth and Ninth streets, a meeting-house and a three-story brick school building, in which a good school is sustained.

There are two large public school-houses in the city. A large, elegant brick house was erected, to take the place of the old one on the public square conveyed to the town by John Smith, in the south part of the town, between Front and Pearl streets. On JSTorth Fifth street, the present three-story brick house was bnilt several years since; and the old frame meeting-house alluded to is used for the instruction of one of the departments.

From the report of the city superintendent, J. McISTeill, it appears that the value of school property is §60,000 ; seating accommodations, 1,650; assessed value of city property, $5,260,301 ; number of children in the city entitled to the benefits of the public schools, 3,335 ; number of pupils enrolled during the year, 2,100; average number in daily attendance, 1,514.

The treasurer reports the amount received during the year from the special fund, §11,696.55 ; and the amount of expenses, $10,767.15. The amount received during the year from the tuition fund, $18,842.94, making the total receipts, $30,539.49. The total expenditures were $27,-071.90.

This institution is one mile west of Eichmond, on the ISTational road. It has a compass of 160 acres. This land is a part of what were formerly known as the Cook and Stewart farms, Avhich were purchased by Indiana Yearly Meeting of Friends, in the year 1832.

In 1847, the school was opened in two-fifths of the present building, and in the years 1853-54, the remainder was completed. This institution was called " Friends' Boarding School " till 1859, when it received its college charter. It is under the charge of a board of managers appointed by Indiana Yearly Meeting. Its first president was Barnabas C. Ilobbs, late superintendent of public instruction for the state of Indiana. There is both a preparatory and a college department, with two courses of study for each - a classical and a scientific.

There are six professorships, as follows: 1. Moral philosoph}' and geology. 2. Greek and Latin languages. 3. Mathematics and astronomy. 4. Chemistry and botany. 5. ]\Lodern languages and histor3\ 6. English literature. Besides the professors in these several departments, there are from two to throe teachers in the preparatory department.

The college has a well furnished reading-room, and a library of over 3,000 volumes. The contents of a well selected cabinet represent chiefly comparative anatoni}', geology, conchology, and mineralogy.

Friends. - The reader of the preceding pages must have observed that most of the earliest settlers in AVayne county vrere members of the society of Friends. Dr. riummer, in his Historical Sketch of Kichmond, says : "A meeting of this society was established here as early as 1807, and was first held in a log building vacated by Jeremiah Cox, and b}' him furnished with seats ;" and "soon afterward," he says, "in the old log meeting-house of 1823, standing near the site of the present large brick one." Of this he remai'ks : " I remember its leaky roof, letting the rain through upon tlie slab benches with three pair of legs and no backs ; its charcoal fires kept in sugar kettles, (for as yet stoves Avere not })rocnred,) and the toes ]iinched with cold, of the young who sat remote from the kettles." Jesse Bond, John Morrow, and William Williams were among their earliest ministers.

The first yearly meeting is said to have been held here in 1821, in the log house. But as this house could not contain the many hundreds of Friends expected from all directions, and many of them from a great distance, a temporary Iniildino; or shed was erected for the mule members, the house being designed for the females. As the country was as yet sparsely settled, and as many of the settlers still lived in their log houses, it was a mattter of some speculation how lodging and entertainment could be furnished for so large a number as were expected from abroad. Notwithstanding the bad roads, the attendance was large. Some came on horseback, others in farm wagons, with a covering of cloth stretched over wooden bows. As to their accommodations and fare during the meeting, it is sufficient to say, they were satisfied.

At this meeting measures were taken to build a yearly meeting-house. A committee was appointed to report the next year. According to this report, a brick house was to be built, 110 feet long, 60 feet wide, and sufficiently higli to admit of a youth's gallery ; the funds to be raised by a tax upon the members of the meeting, now composed of several quarterly meetings. Although the people were yet poor, the house was built, its cost and appearance exhibiting a striking contrast with the expense and style of houses of worship built at the present time. The following statement of materials and cost is said to have appeared in the Public Ledge?' : The number of perches of stone in the foundation, 225; 66,000 bricks; 6,473 feet of hewed timber; 1,250 feet of sawed scantling; 43,200 shingles; 1,020 panes of glass. The walls of the lower story were 22 inches thick; of the upper, 18 inches. Expenditures in cash were $3,489.91. Of the value of labor performed by members and other citizens without charge, probably no account was ever kept.

Its walls were finished in 1823 ; but the building was not completed until the next year. The old house still performs its wonted service. "Within its walls and inclosures thousands continue to assemble to transact the business of the meeting, to witness its proceedings, and to listen to the addresses of their preachers. The building of a new house has been proposed, but the proposition has as yet failed to receive the approval of any yearly meeting.

The other society of the Friends, finding their grounds and house of worship insufficient for the uses of the society, and desiring a better location, sold their property, and purchased the square between Eighth and Ninth streets, and east of

B^oadwa3^ A more eligible site conld not have been selected. On these grounds they erected, in 1865, their neat and commodious meeting-house, and, in 1867, their three-story brick school-house, in which a school of a high order is maintained. Presbyterian Church. - This church was formed November 15, 1839. By appointment of Presbytery, Rev. Peter II. Golliday and Eev. Edgar Hughes were present for the purpose of examining members. The persons composing the church at the time of its organization were : John Douo-au, John B. Taylor, Thomas Young, Matthew B. Cochran, Ellis G. Young, Ebeuezer Bishop, and Larkin Gordon, with their wives, ]\Iargaret Fryar, Mary Fryar, Cynthia Fryar, Fieldino- Young, Margaret E. Young, AYm. Clenedist, Jane Williams, Ann Sayre, Eliza Hamilton, I^ancy Park, I'arnielia Maxwell,

Jefiries, Wm. McGlathery, Lavina Fryar, Sarah Thompson. The first elders chosen were : John Dougan, Yv^m. McGlathery, and John B. Taylor. The names of those who have since been elected to this office are : Moses C. Browning, "VYm. L. Fryar, Thomas Hannah, AYm. Blanchard, Robert Fox, Almond Samson, Wm. C. Scott, John Cheney, Daniel K. Zeller. The iirst minister was Charles Sturdevant, whose pastorate continued about four years. Those who have since served the church as preachers are: Thomas Whallon ; A. R. Is^aylor ; F. P. Monfort, about five years ; Rev. McGuire, who, after about a year and a half, died; John F. Smith, three or four years; "\Y. H. Yan Doren, three or four years. In July, 1864, L. "W. Chapman became minister of the church, and continued until May, 1870. In Jul}- following, J. ]\1, Hughes commenced his labors, and was installed as pastor a few months afterward. For a short time after the organization of the church, their meetings were held in the house of the United Presbyterians. The next year they built a frame meeting-house on Front street, between Walnut and Market streets. Their present brick church edifice on South Fifth street was commenced in July, 1852, and dedicated in January or February, 1854.

terian Church. The records of this church prior to October, 1842, having be'eu lost, the few facts of its early history here given are furnished chiefly from recollection, by one who was a member at the time of its organization. At the time of his settlement here, there were but few Presbyterians in this vicinity. The first sermon from a Presbyterian minister is supposed to have been preached by Alexander Porter, in 1824. Only occasional preaching, however, was had for many years. The first pastor, or settled minister, was Wm. M. Boyce, in 1835 or 1836. A frame meeting-house was built on Pearl street, south of Main. Among those who became members at and near the time of the organization were: Robert Grimes, Daniel Reid, A. Grimes, Jeremiah. L. Meek, and John Reid, with their wives, widow Grimes, Mary Kibby, James McFadden, Mary Davidson, Isaac Conley. Robert Grimes and Daniel Reid were chosen elders. The name of Joseph McCord appears on record as an elder at a meeting of the session in 1843. The pastorate of Mr. Boyce terminated in 1851 ; after which the church had for many years no settled pastor or stated preaching. In 1858, it assumed the name of the United Presbyterian Church, and Adrian Aten became its pastor. In August, 1862, Robert Grimes, one of its elders, died. In October, 1863, "Wm. S. Reid and John J. Conle}^ were chosen elders. In 1864, it is believed, the labors of Mr. Aten as pastor ceased ; and on the 7th of May, 1866, iSTixon E. Wade was ordained and installed. About the same time the society decided to build anew house of worship; and in November following, [1866,] Wm. S. Reid was chosen "to take the entire superintendence of the new church building." David H. Dougan was elected treasurer ; and Daniel Reid, John J. Conley, and David H. Dougan, trustees for the ensuing year. On Sabbath, September 15, 1867, the congregation entered their new house of worship for the first time. The opening sermon was preached by Wm. Davidson, D. D., of Hamilton, Ohio. July 17, 1869, A. M. Weed was chosen an elder. In February, 1870, Rev. Joseph W. Clokey, the present pastor, commenced his labors, and was installed the 28th of April following.

Methodist Churches. - Next to that of the Friends, the first religious society in Richmond was the Methodist JEpiscojmL The exact date of its organization is not easily ascertained. Dr. PUimmer says: "The first meeting was hekl in 1819 in a small log house on Front street. Daniel Fraley was perhaps the first preacher in this section of country. He officiated in 1814 [it was in 1816] to Chryst, the first legally convicted murderer in Wayne county. John W. Sullivan was the first stationed Methodist minister in Richmond." Rev. R. Toby, in his discourse in Pearl Street church, April 4,1869, on the origin and progress of Methodism in Richmond, says, that in 1822, Russell Bigelow w^as preacher in charge of Whitewater circuit. [According to Rev. W. C. Smith, in^ a chapter on the "Progress of Methodism," Allen Wiley and James T. Wells were appointed to Whitewater circuit in 1822, and Russell Bigelow in 1823.] We learn further from Mr. Toby, that, after some eflbrt to obtain a house to preach in, the use of a small school-house was obtained. Mr. Bigelow, he says, preached the first sermon delivered by a Methodist in Richmond. A small class was organized, whose meetings were held for a time in the house of Mrs. Pierson. The members of this class are stated by Rev. Mr. Smith, to have been George Smith and Sarah, his wife, Merc}^ B. Smith, Rachel S. Smith, Stephen Thomas and Margaret, his Avife, and Margaret Pierson. ^

Richmond having been given up for a time, Rev. James Havens, in the autumn of 1825, succeeded in re-establishing Methodism here. A frame meeting-house w^as built on or near the present site of the Pearl Street church; and in 1838, Richmond became a station. In 1851, the present brick church was built; the old frame building having been removed to Seventh street, south of and near Main, and converted into a dwelling house. The names of the pastors of this church, in the order of their appointment, are : John W. Sullivan, J. Tarkington, J. H. Hull, R. D. Robinson, A. Conwell, W. Wheeler, J. M. Stagg, C. W. Miller, J. H.Hull (second time), W. H. Goode, f . Webb, J. W. Staftbrd, S. T. Cooper, A. Eddy, V. M. Beamer, H. N. Barnes, J. Col-

Grace Church [Methodist Episcopal,] was formed, August 24, 1858, chiefly, from members of the Pearl Street church. They bought the property now owned by the Central church, and fitted up the second story for a place of worship, which was named Union Chapel, and occupied by the society until the completion of their new house on the south-west corner of Seventh street and Broadway, which bears the name of Grace Church. This is a large and elegant, as well as the most costly church edifice in the city. It was built in 1868, under the general superintendence of a building committee, consisting of Charles T. Price, Wm. G. Scott, Isaac D. Dunn, E. M. Baylies, Clinton McWhinney, and Lewis Burk. The cost of the building and lot was a little less than $40,000. The names of the ministers in charge, and the years of their appointments, are as follows: J. Y. E. Miller, 1858; F. A. Hardin, 1860 ; A. Greenraan, 1861 ; W. H. Goode, A. S. Kinnan, 1863; Wm. Wilson, 1865, resigned during the first quarter, and was succeeded by A. Marine, 1865 ; A. S. Kinnan, 1868; E. B. Snyder, 1870; A. A. Brown, 1871.

Central Methodist Episcopal Church. - A society of Methodists, the third charge of that denomination in the city, was organized in 1867. Among the leading men in this movement were : David Sands, Barton "Wyatt, George W. Iliif, James Hamilton, Dr. Daniel Lesh, and AYm. Gorsuch. The society occupied a meeting-house, on the corner of Marion and Market streets, until 1868, when David Sands and Barton Wyatt purchased the Union Chapel buildings, on Main street, previously owned by the second church, [Grace.] The place of worship is in the second story, the lower story being occupied by business men. In 1870, the property was bought by the society. The pastors of this church have been : J. E. Layton, Patrick Garland, C. W. Miller, and Thomas Comstock, the present incumbent.

Episcopal Church. - The first Episcopal services in this city were held in the winter of 1837, by Bishop Jackson Kemper, of AViscousin. In the ensuing spring, Eev. Mr.

AValcIo can'ie and preached two months in the Warner buikling. In the snmmer and fall of this year, Eev. George Fisk, sent by the Board of Domestic Missions of that church, commenced his labors with this society. They occupied, for a time, the Warner building, and then removed to the Masonic Lodge room, in the back part of Joshua AY. Haines' building, on' Main street. The church was regularly organized in February, 1839. The vestrymen elected were: James W.Borden, Stephen B. Stanton, George Arnold, Harmon B.Payne, John D. McClellan. Wardens: James B. Green and H. B. Payne. Clerk, Ebenezer T. Turner. Rev. Mr. Fisk, on account of protracted ill health, resigned his charge in 1855, and died in Februar}^, 1860. Rev, John B. Wakefield was chosen rector on the resignation of Mr. Fisk, and continues to serve the church in that capacity. The society commenced building their present church edifice in 1840, and first occupied the basement in 1842. The house was finished in 1849, and consecrated the 20th of December of that year.

JSTew Jerusalem Church. - An organization of the New Church in Richmond was effected in October, 1849, by Dr. O. P. Baer, Dr. Joseph Howells, Jacob Purington, Sidney Smith, Wm. Austin, and their families. The society flourished but for a short time. Most of the families removing from the city, its support was devolved chiefly upon Dr. Baer, who procured occasional preaching from missionaries visiting Richmond, meetings being held wherever places could be obtained. In 1867, he hired Rev. G. Nelson Smith, of Urbana, Oliio, to preach every four weeks at his residence. And in ]SIarch, 1869, was formed a permanent organization of a society for a more eff'ective promulgation of the doctrines of the jSTew Church. A meeting was called of " all those persons who believed the doctrines of the Lord, as taught by Emanuel Swedenborg," at which meeting Dr. Baer submitted a declaration of principles and doctrine, and a constitution, which were accepted and signed by Dr. O. P. Baer, Mrs. 0. P. Baer, Frank Pruyn, Mrs. A. Pruyn, J. H. Elder, his wife, and daughter, Sarah Wrigley, Julia Finley, Esther Chandler, Martin L. Crocker and his wife, David Strawbridge, and Thomas Deyarmon. Five trustees were elected, to wit :

Frank Prnyn, secretary ; 0. P. Baer, treasurer and chairman; Thomas Deyarmon, David Strawbridge, and John II. Elder. In May following, it was resolved to bnild a church edifice; and a subscription paper was drawn. The lot on the south-east corner of Franklin and Walnut streets was purchased for §1,500; and a contract was made for the building of the house for $3,650. The whole cost, in its present condition, was about $6,000; of which $2,000 was raised by subscription, the remainder by Dr. Baer and his wife. The temple was dedicated on Sunday, January 23, 1870, by Eev. George Field, assisted b}^ Rev. Frank Sewal. Mr. Field was elected as minister, and is serving the society with acceptance. A Sabbath-school is well sustained by the congregation. The temple is a fine brick structure, of Gothic style, seating comfortably 175 persons.

Baptist Church. - This church and society, which has existed about seven years, commenced holding its meetings in April, 1865, in I^o. 3 Engine Hall, with an attendance of twelve to eighteen persons. A Sabbath-school of 30 scholars was commenced in June following; and on the 30th of July, a church of 22 members was formed. After having worshiped in the hall about six months, they met in what was known as Hadley's Hall. In 1866, a lot on Eighth street, near and north of Main, was purchased for a house of worship. In April, 1867, a larger room having become necessary, meetings were held in Phillips' Hall, until the completion of the lecture room of the new church edifice, in January, 1869. This building was commenced in June, 1868, with very limited means within the society. Rev. J. P. Agenbroad, the pastor, E. E. Beetle, and C. S. Farnham, were appointed a building committee, and were also to collect funds. The building has been completed, except the spire and some internal arrangements. By the observance of a strict economy, it has been brought to its present condition, at a cost not exceeding $15,000. It is a spacious, convenient building, containing a pastor's study, and a room designed for festivals ^and other social gatherings. The membership of the church has been increased to about 150. To the assidu-

A Congregational Church was organized in Richmond, in 1835. Eev. Peter Crocker, not then residing in the city, commenced preaching to the congregation every alternate Sabljath. The society, having no house of worship of its own, hired a house in the south part of the city. The deacons of this church were John Sailor and Phelps. At the expiration of one year, Mr. Crocker removed to the city, and the congregation became his sole charge. In 1839, the organization was discontinued, and most of its members united with the Presbyterian church.

EiCHMOND Friends' Meeting was organized in 1864. They occupied as their place of worship, a meeting-house on the corner of Marion and Market streets, until 1867, when their present house of worship on Fifth street, commenced in 1866, was completed. This meeting was composed of what is termed the "Orthodox" Friends, and its formation was induced by the excessive numbers of the old meeting, and the inconvenience of attending meeting for worship in the remote part of the city. The new building is a neat and commodious edifice of moderate size, being 75 by 45 feet, and costing about $15,000. The building committee consisted of Charles F. Coffin, Hugh Maxwell, Benj. Johnson, Stephen Mendcnhall, and John Mcholson. This is one of the four preparative meetings which belong to the old Whitewater monthly meeting.

St. Andrew's Church and Congreration, the first Catholic church, for both German and Irish Catholics, was built by Rev. Father John Ryan, in the year 1846, corner of Pearl and Sycamore streets, where now the new church stands. The new building was erected, under Rev. Father J. 13. Secpe, in the year 1859. It is 120 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 40 feet high. In 1870, the steeple was completed, being 110 feet high, and three bells were purchased, and a fine clock, under the direction of the present pastor, Rev. F. Iluiidt. The St. Andrew's congregation has about 200 families, and has three schools under the direction of one male teacher and two sisters.

German Evangelical Lutheran Church. - This cliurcli [St. John's,] was organized in 1845 or 1846 ; and a brick house of worship was erected in 1846, on South Front street, and enlarged in 1855. Their first pastor was E. C. Shultz ; the present is Gottlieb Lovenstein. IsTumber of members, about 200.

Another German Evangelical Lutheran Church [St. Paul's,] was organized in 1853, Their house of worship is on South Erauklin street. Their first pastor was Rev, Schamm; the present is J. Rehsteiner. The congregation numbers about the same as that of St. John's.

Irish Catholic Church [St. Mary's.] - The date of its organization has not been furnished. The church building was erected in 1853-54, for the English Evangelical Lutheran Congregation, organized in 1853 ; the expense of the building, §7,000, having been borne principally by Lewis Burk. About twelve years ago, it was purchased by the Catholics, and has since been enlarged. First pastor, Father Aegidius Mertz; second. Father John Villars; and for the last four years, Father Frank Moitrier.

Children's Home. - This truly benevolent institution is worthy of record in our history. It was established April 1, 1867, and is under the management and control of a society known as the " Union Relief Association" whose object is to aid the indigent of the city. The good work of seeking out the needy and the suffering, and of administering relief, was actively prosecuted for a few years, when it became apparent that greater good could be accomplished by gathering up the destitute children, orphans and half orphans, and those in an equally pitiable condition, abandoned by their natural guardians, and placing them where not only their physical wants would be properly attended to, but where especial care might be bestowed upon their moral and intellectual culture. The object of the institution is to procure for them good and permanent homes, where they may grow up under these wholesome influences, and become useful members of society. The Home has fully met the expectations of its founders, and has thus far been wholly supported by voluntary con- tribiitions. The beneficial results of the quiet labors of the members of the association, are constantly increasing the number of the friends and patrons of the institution.

Home for the Friendless. - This institution was organized November 4, 1867, under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association, by a committee of ladies, appointed by the association. The object of the founders of the Home is the relief of suffering females - women and children - especially the reclamation of that most unfortunate and abandoned class whose reformation is generally supposed to be hopeless. The Home is at present on South Seventh street. Of the inmates, those who are able to labor are furnished with work. Some are provided with homes in good families, or in other ways cared for. The average number of inmates has been less than 25. The number admitted during the year has averaged about 115. Of the class denominated "fallen girls," the yearly average is nearly 50. Among these have been several marked cases of reformation.

The officers of the society are : Ehoda M. Coffin, president ; S. A. Ilift', vice-president; R. A. Mendenhall, secretary; ]Mrs. J. Elder, treasurer; Mrs. E. L. Johnson, superintendent; Mrs. H. A. Stanton, matron.

The object of a building association is to raise moneys from the savings of its members, to be loaned to members of the association, for use in buying lots or houses, and in building and repairing houses, and for such other purposes as are provided for in the act of the legislature, approved March 5, 1857, authorizing the incorporation of such associations.

The capital stock of each association is limited to §100,000, and is divided into shares of §200 each. Seven of these associations have been organized in Richmond since March, 1870, with an aggregate capital of §700,000. The titles of the associations and the names of their officers are as follows:

This association was organized Ma}^ 12, 1870, with a capital stock of $30,000, divided in shares of $10. It purchased of ISTathan Hawkins 32 acres of ground lying on Seventeenth street for $15,000. Expended for improvements, about $16,000. First Board of Directors - J ow^ls W. Yeo, Arthur

A. Curme, Edward Y. Teas, J. M. Gaar, T. Yv^. Roberts, W. H. Bennett, W. C. Starr, John J. Conley, Levi Drulej, Stephen Farlow, John Brooks. Officers - J. Milton Gaar, President ; Jonas W. Yeo, Vice-President ; Oran Perry, Secretary; C. W. Ferguson, Treasurer; C. Fetta, Superintendent. Annual meetings are held on the first Monday in February. The ofiicers for 1870 were re-elected in 1871. The first Fair was held September 25tli to 30th, inclusive. The second fair, September 11th to 16th, inclusive. Both fairs were attended with complete success, equaling the state fairs in the quantity and quality of articles on exhibition.

William Bell was born in Belfast, Ireland, in 1797. In that large commercial city he and his revered father composed the widely-known firm of John Beh & Co., a very extensive manufacturing and exporting concern, giving employment to several thousand persons. A great financial crisis destroyed their business, and involved them in overwhelming losses. From this shock the subject of this notice never recovered. In 1842, he left his native land for the United States. He was a prominent member of the society of Friends, and a faithful defender of its principles and testimonies. For five years previous to his coming to this country he edited the Iiish Friend, in which he boldly promulgated the principles and measures he held so dear. He was a resident of liichmond for about twenty years. During this time he was ever ready to co-operate in works of benevolence. The cause of temperance, the abolition of slavery, and other objects of a philanthropic character, received his ardent and active support. He died March 5, 1871.

Thomas W. Bennett was born in Union county, Indiana, Feb. 16, 1831. His father was a farmer, and raised his son to work on the farm. In 1850, at the age of 19, he entered Indiana Asbury University, where he completed his education in July, 1854. Immediately afterward he began the study of the law, and after a full course, graduated in the law school of the Asbury University in July, 1855. During the spring and summer of 1853, he was Professor of Mathematics and Natural Science in Whitewater College in Centerville. He commenced tlie practice of his profession at Liberty, in. his native county, in the fall of 1855, and continued in the practice actively until the breaking out of the rebellion in 1861. On the first call for troops, in April, he raised a company of volunteers, and entered the army as a captain, in the 15th Eegiment of Indiana Volunteers. He served in that capacity in Western Virginia until Sept., 1861, when he was promoted to major of the 36th Regiment, in which he served during the whole of Gen. Budl's campaign to I^ashville, Shiloh, East Tennessee, the great retreat to Louisville, Ky., and the pursuit of Bragg. In October, 1862, he was appointed by Gov. Morton colonel of the 69tli Regiment. With his command he joined Sherman's army at Memphis, and participated in the failure to capture Vicksburg in Dec, 1862, and in the capture of Arkansas Post in Jan., 1863. He was engaged in all the movements and battles which resulted in the capture of Vicksburg, in July, 1863 ; was in command of a brigade in the Tesche and Red River campaigns under Banks, and served in that capacity until detailed by the War Department in Sept., 1864, as a member of the military commission which tried and convicted the notorious conspirators Bowles, Milligan, and Horsey. At the election of 1864, he was elected a senator from Union and Fayette counties, a position which he had held for two years before the war, and took a leading part in that body. Since 1856 he has been actively engaged in politics, making public speeches in successive campaigns in most of the counties of the state. After the close of the war, and his term in the senate, he made a tour of Europe, and returning, he moved to Richmond in Aug., 1868, and in the spring of 1869 was elected Mayor of that city, serving until May, 1871, when he resumed the practice of the law. In 1871, he was appointed by President Grant Governor of Idaho Territory.

William Blancuard was born in Brookfield, Mass., Oct- 1, 1800. In 1826 he was married to Isabella F. Foster, who was born in AVorcester, Mass. He removed the same year to Rhinebeck,N. Y., and in 1835 to Richmond, where, in connection with his brother, Albert C. Blanchard, he commenced the mercantile business, in which he continued until about the year 1859. He has been for many years a notary public and an insurance agent; and he has been an elder in the Presbyterian Church from its organization to the present time. Ilis children were Fatima Catharine, Wm. A., Jane Eliza, ^Vfary I., and Emma. Fatima C. married W. J. Culton, and resides in Chicago. TVm. A. married Elmira Bailey, of Cincinnati ; resides near that city, and is in the commission business. Jane E. married Dr. Harrington, of Richmond, who died and left two daughters. Mary I. married George H. Grant; they reside in Eichmond. Emma married Frank Vanuxcm, of the firm of Leeds & Co., hardware merchants in Richmond.

Lewis Burk was born near Lexington, Ky., March 23, 1799. He removed early to this state with his father, who settled about a mile and a half south from where Richmond now is. He worked on the farm a few years, and went back to Kentucky to learn the blacksmith's trade, and returned after three years. His trade not furnishing him constant employment, he took up that of stone-mason, working alternately at each. He received in those days of low wages only §8 a mouth as a journeyman blacksmith, and 50 cents a day for laying stone, where, in later days, he received §2.50 a day at his regular trade. In 1831, he built, and for several years kept, the tavernhouse which he sold to the late Daniel D. Sloan, at present the property of A. M. Miller, on Main street. From about the year 1832, he was for about ten years a stage proprietor, and for several years a dealer in horses. In 1840, he was elected a representative to the legislature, and afterward to the senate. In 1852, he commenced the banking business as an individual banker. He continued this business until after the passage of the national banking law, when he sold his banking house and appurtenances to James E. Reeves. Mr. Burk was married to Maria Moffitt, November 27, 1823. They had five children, of whom only one, Mary Jane, lived beyond the period of childhood. She is the wife of Isaac II. Richards, merchant, now residing at Springfield, Missouri.

Elijah Coffin, son of Bethuel and Hannah (Dicks) Cofiin, was born in New Garden, Guilford Co., N. C, Nov. 17, 1798. He was married, Feb. 2, 1820, to Naomi Iliatt, and settled on a farm in ISTew Garden. In 1824, lie removed, with his wife and three children, to this county, near Milton, and engaged in school-keeping in that town ; a business in which he had been employed at times, in his native state, before and after his marriage. In 1829, he commenced the mercantile business at Milton, and continued it there about four years. In

1833, having received a liberal offer from Griffin & Luckey, wholesale merchants in Cincinnati, he engaged as clerk in their store, and removed to that city. He remained there about a year and a half, when the branch of the State Bank of Indiana having been located at Richmond, he was chosen as its cashier, a position for which he had, in a great measure, been Utted by his mercantile experience ; and in November,

1834, he removed to Richmond. The branch bank commenced business Dec. 1, 1834, and closed at the expiration of the term of its charter, Jan. 1, 1859, after a successful, prosperous management of more than twenty-four years, during which period he was its only cashier.

is unanimously resolved, That in consideration of the able and faithful services of Elijah Coffin, as cashier of this branch, from its first organization to its close, and the fidelity and promptitude with which he has discharged the various and important duties confided to his care, the board embrace the opportunity to express upon our minutes the high sense entertained of his official services and private worth."

He now gave up secular business. His religious activities, however, were unabated. His energies were thenceforth directed to the promotion of the interests of the church. Although he ever sympathized with evangelical Christians of other denominations, he was peculiarly attached to the society in which he had been trained ; and hence, to the various institutions and instrumentalities of its own appointment, he contributed largely by his personal eftbrts and pecuniary means. He was at an early age clerk of the yearly meeting of Friends in North Carolina; and, in 1827, was appointed clerk of Indiana yearly meeting. Not only was he a prompt and faithful attendant at the various meetings in his own state, but he attended yearly meetings in many of the states. He was also a friend and patron of education, of First-day or Sabbath-schools, of associations to promote the circulation of religious tracts and the diil'usion and reading of the Holy Scriptures ; and he had, many years before his death, constituted himself a life member of the American Bible Society. He died Jan. 22, 1862. His wife died June 14, 18G6, aged 68 years.

Elijah and jSTaomi Coffin had seven children : 1. 3Iirior/i A., who married Wm. A. Rambo, and had three children, Edward B., l^aomi C, and Francis 11. After the death of her husband she married Hugh Maxwell. 2. Charles F., who married Rhoda M. Johnson. Their children arc Elijah, Charles 11. , Francis A., Wm. E., and Percival. Mr. C. has been, during a great portion of his life, in the banking business in Richmond. He was one of the original proprietors of the Citizens' Bank, established in 1853, and cashier of the Richmond Branch of the "Bank of the State" during its existence; and has been president of the Richmond JN'ational Bank from its commencement to the present time. 3. William H., who married Sarah AYilson, whose children are John W., William II., Albert, Robert, Frank. 4. Miphald, who died at the age of three years. 5. Caroline E., wife of Wm. H. Ladd, Brooklyn, 'N. Y. 6. 3Iary C, wife of Eli Johnson, Chicago. 7. Hannah, who married Mordecai Morris White, merchant, in Cincinnati.

Jeremiah Cox was born in Randolph Co., 1^. C. ; married Margery Picket, and in 1806 removed with his family to this county, and settled where Richmond now is. His settlement here and his connection with the early history of the city, have been already noticed. His farm embraced nearly all of the present city north of Main street. He was in 1816 a member of the Convention which formed the first constitution of the state. In 1826, he sold liis farm to Charles AV. Starr, and removed to Randolph Co., 5 miles from Winchester, where he resided until his death. He was married three times, and had sixteen children. By his first wife he had seven daughters and one son, Jeremiah. The eldest daughter,

Elizabeth, married Charles Moffitt, father of Hugh Moffitt. By his second wife, Jemima Rhodes, he had a son. For his third wife he married Catharine Morrissou, sister of Robert Morrisson,and had by her six sons and one daughter. Of all the children only Jeremiah remains in the township.

Daniel B. Crawford was born in Harford Co., Md., ISTov. 10, 1807, and at the age of 7, removed with his mother's family to Baltimore ; and thence he came,'in 1835, to "VYayne township, 2J miles north of Richmond. Although he settled on a new farm, and had some experience of life in the woods, his first dwelling was a frame house, something rarely seen in a forest. In 1850, Mr. Crawford commenced the mercantile business in Richmond, in which he is still engaged. He was in 1849 elected a county commissioner, which office he has held, with the exception of 6 years, until the year 1870. He is a member of the Pearl Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and has at intervals been the superintendent of its Sabbath-school for more than twenty years. He was married ill Baltimore to Agnes Corrie. They had 9 children : Daniel J., who married Mary, daughter of Frederick Hoover, and died on the farm. May 7, 1870. Elijah J. ; died at 5. Mary F., wife of Joseph C. Ratlitf, and lives in Center township. John Y., who married Ella Mitchell, daughter of Thomas C. Mitchell, merchant, Fifth street. Sarah R., who married Frederick Cramer, of Ohio, now a merchant in Philadelphia. Charles "W. ; died at 5. Agnes S., who married James Williams, and resides on Fifth street, Richmond. Elizabeth A. W., who married J. O. Voorhies, merchant, Keokuk, Iowa. Robert ; died in infancy.

Benjamin W. Davis was born in Franklin, "Warren Co., 0., Sept. 3, 1815. He came to Richmond, May 4, 1834, and worked as a journeyman printer one year for Finley & Holloway. He then engaged to print the Richmond Palladium for John Finley, one year; and after the expiration of that term [in 1836], himself and David P. Holloway purchased the Palladimn, the publication of which, under the firm of Holloway & Davis, has been continued to the present time. Mr. Davis was chosen city clerk, which office he held from 1848

City Op Richmond

John Finley was horn in Eockbridge count}^, Virginia, January 11, 1797. After acquiring a knowledge of the rudiments of an English education at a country school, he was apprenticed to the tanner's business ; and on the completion of his term of service, he emigrated to Indiana, in 1821. Soon after his arrival in Richmond he undertook, for a term of years, the management of John Smith's tannery; but after conducting it for a single season, he abandoned it. In 1826, he was married to Rachel H. Knott, of Yellow Springs, Ohio, who lived but a few months after marriage. In 1830, he was married to Julia Hanson, of Indianapolis. In 1831, he assumed the editorial management of the Richmond Palladium, in which position he continued for three years. He was for three years a member of the state legislature, and for three years enrolling clerk of the senate. In March, 1837, he was elected clerk of the courts of Wayne county for the term of seven years. In January, 1852, he was elected ma^'or of the city of Richmond, and Avas continued in that office by annual re-elections to the time of his death, December 23, 1866. He was buried in Maple Grove Cemetery, east of the cit}', in the presence of a large concourse of citizens and members of the masonic order, and the officers of the city government. Mr. Finley had, by his first marriage, a son, William K. ; by the second, Sarah A., Julia H., Mary F., and John H. Sarah A. was married to Benjamin P. Wrigley, who is deceased, and has two sons, Roy F. and Luke II. She has been for seven years, and is still, librarian of the Morrisson Library. Mary F. married Aaron W. Hibberd, and resides in Richmond. John II. enlisted earl}^ in the late war, in the Sixteenth Indiana Regiment; was promoted to 2d lieutenant, and soon after appointed adjutant of the regiment. After the expiration of the term of his enlistment he raised, in ,1862, a company for the Sixty-seventh Regiment, and was commissioned captain; and in 1863, was made major. While charging upon the Rebel works at Vicksburg, he received a mortal wound, and died Aug. 26, 1863. He was an estimable young

"William "W. Foulke, son of Anthony Foulke, came when a boy from Pennsylvania with his father, who settled 2 miles north from Richmond. With a tolerable school education he commenced business as a blacksmith. A friend of literary and other associations, he took an active part in the discussions of debating clubs and in the promotion of the temperance cause. A few years since he was elected as a representative of the county in the legislature. He has for many years been engaged in the iron and heavy hardware trade on Noble street, near the railroad depot, and resides a short distance outside and north of the city, near the oil-mill. He was married, in 1854, to Mary E., a daughter of Thomas Newman, and has two children, Elizabeth Ellen and Harriet Emma,

Jonas Gaar, son of Abram Gaar, was born in Virginia, and removed to this county with his father. In 1820, he settled in the new town of Richmond and worked many years at his trade, that of a cabinet-maker. In 1835, he joined with Achilles Williams and others in establishing a foundry and machine manufactory, which was continued two or three years. This enterprise proved a disastrous failure to those engaged in it. In 1849, in connection with his sons Abram and John M., and Wm. G. Scott, a son-in-law, he bought of Jesse M. and John H. Hutton their Thresher Manufactory, which has grown to the extensive establishment known as the " Spring Foundry," but at present styled " Garr Machine Works.'' [See Richmond Manufactures.] This firm has been continued without change of name until the present time. Jonas Garr was born Feb. 1, 1792, in Madison. Co., Va., and was married, Nov. 12, 1818, to Sarah Watson, who was born May 2, 1793. They had eight children, all born in "Wayne county. 1. Abram, who was born Nov. 14, 1819, and was married March 26, 1851, to Agnes Adams, who was born May 2, 1831. 2. Malinda, born Nov. 11, 1821 ; married June 3, 1847, to Wm. G. Scott, who was born in Rockingham Co., Va., Nov. 17, 1824. Malinda died April 6, 1848. 3. John Milton, born May 26, 1823 ; married Jan. 20, 1848, to Hannah Ann Rattray, who died June 6, 1849. He married, a second

It is somewhat remarkable that of the eight children of Jonas Garr, all are living in Pichmond, except Malinda, deceased, and that none of them has ever lived out of the county. And further, that Abraham Gaar, father of Jonas, also had eight children, all of whom but one are still living.

[In the sketch of the family of Abraham Gaar, in Boston, his daughter Posa, widow Ingels, is said to reside with her son at Milton. She still resides in Fayette Co., where her husband died.]