Wayne Township (part 1 of 4)

Wayne Township

Wayne was one of the six townships formed after the adoption of the first state constitution. It probably contained about one-sixth part of the territory of the county. In forming Union county, in 1819, the greater part of Harrison was taken into that county, and the remainder was afterward annexed to AVayne township. By the formation of Boston and Abington, Wayne was reduced to its present dimensions. It is 7 miles wide on its south line, and al)0ut 6| miles on its north line, and is 8 miles in length, north and south, making an area of a little less than 55 square miles. It is watered, mainly, by the Whitewater river and its three branches, or forks. East Fork enters it centrally on its east line ; Middle Fork near the north-east corner, and the two joining about half a mile above the city. The AVest Fork, I'rom Randolph county, enters the township directly north from Richmond, and unites with the AVhite water just above the railroad brido-e. The Elkhorn, from Ohio, crosses tlie south-cast corner of the township. Short creek, a snudl stream, running a south-westerly direction, enters the W hitewater near the south line of the township. Lick creek, run-

Most of the earlier inhabitants of this county settled within the present limits of Wayne township; and as the names of the greater portion of them have been given in our history of the early settlements, few of them will be repeated here.

Thomas Roberts, from North Carolina, settled on land now adjoining the city of Richmond, where he died, leaving the homestead in possession of his youngest son, Jonathan, who still resides on it. Walter, another son, in 1816, one mile west of Dover, where he now resides.

Benjamin Kirk and his son Isaiah resided on lands now owned by David Railsback. A part of them has been sold in small parcels and improved, and is known as "Linden Hills.-"

Samuel Cook, a native of S. C, settled about the year 1828, on the place where Mark E. Reeves resides, near Richmond, and died in 1839, aged 66, on the place now occupied by his son Elisha. '

Wm. Harvey, from IST. C, a single man, came early, and worked by the day for farmers. After a few years he married a daughter of Samuel Charles, and settled on the farm where he now resides, 2 miles south-east from Richmond. Gasper Koons, of German descent, settled about 2| miles south-east of the city ; the land now owned by his heirs. He died in 1820, aged 61 years.

Josiah Moore, from Ohio in 1816, purchased a farm of John McLane, where he resided many years, sold his farm, removed to Richmond, where his wife died, and a few years after, himself also, at an advanced age. Solomon Horney, Sen., from N. C, in 1814, lived on the farm near which he entered, until his decease in 1865, about IJ miles south-east from Richmond. Robert Chapman was an early settler; bought a farm near the present Water Cure establishment, where he died in 1850, and where his son George lately resided.

mond, where he died in 1857, aged 72 years. His children were Mary, John, Rebecca, ISTaomi, Martha (deceased), wife of Joseph E. Strattan, Samuel, Henry, Gnlielnia, who married Mordecai Parry, and died in 1849. John Pool, from X. C, settled in 1808 Avhore Phineas Mather lives, 2 miles east from Richmond. He died May 26, 1865, aged about 88 years. He had ten children; only three now living.

Michael Harvey, in 1809, where Xathan Hawkins lives near Richmond. His son Thomas lives near Dover. Samuel "Walker, from Ivy., where is now the Bellevue Water Cure. Wm. Scarce, from Ky., on the quarter where his son Jonathan and Elias Edwards live. Samuel Heritage, on land bought by Wm. Edwards, now owned by Isaac Lamb. The school section [16] on the township south line, was sold to Daniel Odell, David Scarce, Samuel Scarce, Alexander Grimes; present owners, I. Mellender, Anthony Grimes, Solomon Miller, David Scarce's heirs, Christopher Davidson, and others.

In the south-east part of the township Thomas Bulla, from IST. C, settled in 1806, on the Elkhorn ; land now owned by Hiram Bidla. [Sk.] He also bought lands adjoining, now owned by John W. Raper and Samuel Irwin. Wm. Pouts,- who came with Bulla, settled on land adjoining the Ohio line, afterward sold to Samuel Shute, and now owned by his sou Aaron Shute. Jacob Pouts, Sen., on land now owned by Charles Shute's heirs. Jacob Pouts, Jun., settled at the Palls of Short Creek; land now owned by AVm. Elliott. Pouts removed to Illinois, and is still living. Samuel Smith and Jacob Smith, near the Elkhorn ; the former died about 1850, the latter in 1857.

Aaron Brown, from ]S". J., settled early near the Smiths; was a successful farmer, and reared a large family. Advanced in years, and having lost his wife, he quit farming, removed to Richmond, and kept house with a daughter a few years. He was found dead in his cistern. Benj. B. Moore, also from IST. J., came in 1818, with a grown family, and had a iarin and a saw-mill on Short Creek, where he died in 1850. The land, on which there is a saw-mill, is now owned by Wm. Elliott. His children were Ira, Matilda, and Chalkley. Ira lives 4 miles east of Richmond, and his son Benjamin on land adjoining, south. John Fryer, where Samuel Fryer lives. Jonathan Edwards, where Wm. M. Roberts now resides.

Nathaniel McClure, Sen., settled early on land now owned by his heirs and Judge Holland. jSTathaniel McClure, Jun., on the south line; land now owned by his heirs. James East and Widow Davidson bought the quarter now owned by George Grimes' heirs. John Dugan, Sen., the quarter, a part of which is owned by Charles Paully, the other part occupied by Joseph Brown. Mark Kirby, from Del., settled, in 1829, 3 miles south-east from Richmond, where the widow of bis son Edward lives. Samuel Holmes settled on the land now owned by Walker Holmes, 2| miles south-east from Richmond. E"athan Small settled where S. Kirby lives. Wra. Edwards and Benj. Small on the land now owned by C. Hageman, 4 miles south-east from Richmond. James Brown and John Walker settled on the lands now owned by Ira Moore and his son Benjamin, on the east line of the township.

Further north, and east of Richmond, Samuel Morris, (not the first owner,) settled on the quarter now owned by H. L. Wetheral and Benj. Lloyd. The farms earlj^ owned by Amos Hawkins, James Alexander, and Stephen Thomas, are now owned by David Sands, who came, when a boy, with his father, from the South, and lived about Whitewater, penniless, without education, and was for a time a common teamster. The old homestead of Robert Hill was many 3'ears ago in the hands of Amos Clawson, where he kept a tavern, sign of " Green Tree," now owned by Andrew F. Scott, of Richmond. Joseph W^iite settled near the Ohio line, where he died in 1868. He owned other lands near, which are owned by his heirs. His widow resides on the homestead.

In the north-east part of the township, Jesse Clark, from IST. C, in 1814, settled 3 miles north-east from Richmond, and died in 1822, He built a fulling-mill, probably the first in the county. His son Elwood lives 4 miles north-east from Rich-^ mond; a daughter, Gulielma, in Leavenworth, Kansas. James Moore, a native of Georgia, from Ohio in 1817, settled 2J miles north-east of Richmond, where he still resides. Jonathan, Enos, Jacob, and N'athan Grave, from Del., settled in

1816 near and south of ]\[i(ldleborouoh. [See tlic Grave Family.] Joseph Srra\vhri(lq'e, from Pa., where his son Tliomas CUirkson lives, 3 miles north-east from l-iiclimond.

Samuel E. Iredell, from Philadelphia, in 1835 came to Richmond, where he died in 1865. llis sons John and Samuel reside about 4 miles north-east from Richmond.

Seth Cook, from Carolina, settled 2 miles south from Middleboro', near where his son Elijah Cook and R. Commons reside. Harvey Cook, son of Amos Cook, next nortli of Elijah Cook. Amos is a brother of Elias. AVm. Bond settled on and near the lands, a mile below Middleboro", now owned by James F. Iverlin, Hugh Moffitt, and E. Jeifeis. AVm. Brown, where Joel Railsback resides, 2h miles north of Richmond. Abner Clawson, where Elihu Williams lives. Josiah Clawson, on land now owned l)y Hugh Moffitt and M. ^Vessels, 2h miles north-east from Richmond.

In the north part of the township), John Morrow resides on the north line; he is a son of John Morrow, who settled near Richmond in 1818, and died in 1825, aged about 60.

John Hiatt, from N. C. in 1809, settled near the township north line, and died in 1825. His son Riley resides near Chester. Paul Starbuck, a native of Mass., from X. C. in 1811, settled where liis son Paul lives, 1 miles north of Richmond. John and Elias are liis sons. Joshua Pickett, from X. C, 3 miles north from Richmond, near where his son Benjamin now resides. Paul Starbuck, a native of Mass., from IST. C. in 1811, settled in the north ]>art of the township, and died in 1815. His son Paul lives 4 miles north of Richmond.

In the north-west part, Jonathan Yotaw, from Ya. in 1817, settled where the Widow Hampton resides. His children : Isaac, who resides 2 miles north-west from Chester, in Xew Garden ; Eunice, wife of Eli Rogers, of Richmond; Eleanor; Jonatljan A'otaw died in 1823, aged about 35 jears. David Hampton, a native of Ya., came to Richmond in 1817; married in Ohio, in 1818, and settled near where his sons now live, near Votaw station. His children are Lewis, Jacob, Jehiei, Emily, AVilliam, Sarah Ann, John D., Mahlon. Davitl Hampton died in 1855, at the age of ijO. Wni. Kendall, lK)rn in X. C. in 1808, married Abigail, daughter of Michael Weesuer, settled one mile north-west of Chester, died 1870. John Jay entered, in the north-west corner of the township, the land on which his grandson J. W. Jay resides.

Thomas H. Shearon and his brothers William, Warner, and Oliver H., settled near the west line, where the first three still reside. [See Sk. of Caleb Shearon.] James P. Reid settled where he now resides, 4 miles north-west from Richmond.

In the west part of the township, George Smith, from South Carolina, settled, in 1809, 2 miles north-west from Richmond, on the land now owned by Levinus King, of Richmond. He was a devout member of the Methodist Church, and an efficient laborer in building up that denomination in this county- He lived the last three years of his life with his youngest son, Rev. Wm. C. Smith, during which time his wife died. He died in Indianapolis in 1857, in his 81st year.

Jesse Evans, born in JST. C, came from Ohio to Richmond in 1822, afterward settled IJ miles from Richmond, where he now resides. Richard Pedrick settled early one mile west of Richmond; sold most of his lands, retaining the homestead, and resides in the city. Wm. Thistlethwaite, in 1830, settled near and west of Richmond. [Sk.] Elisha l!^orris, a native of Md., settled in West Richmond, in 1835, near where he now resides. Thomas Aired, from Ohio, after service in the war of 1812, settled one mile west from Richmond, and died in 1859. His daughter Marian was married to John Duke; Lill Ann, to L. R. Thomas; Mary, to Alfred Hoover. John Wilcoxen, born in Maryland in 1790, came from Ohio to Richmond in 1821; worked in the Morrisson tannery, and now resides half a mile west of the city. Enoch Railsback settled near the west line of the township, on the farm, a part of which was the site of Salisbury, the first county seat.

In the south-ioest part of the towuship, James Black and his son Gwyn, from Ky., settled where Gwyn and his son Albert reside, 2| miles south-west from Richmond. Jeremiah Meek on the river, 2 miles below Richmond, where his son Morton Meek resides. C. Buhl, on land now owned by his heirs.

John Barnes was born in Trenton, New Jersey, November 10, 1781, and was married in Philadelphia, in 1804, to Elizabeth Williamson, whence they removed to Berks connty, Penn., where they resided until the year 1825, when they removed to Richmond. After residing there about a year, he bought of David Holloway the farm known as the Fleming place, about 3 miles east ffom Richmond, where he resided nearly twenty-three years. Mrs. Barnes died January 1, 1841, in her 61st year. The children of John and Elizabeth Barnes were : 1. Elizabeth W., born February 10, 1805, was married January 4, 1827, to Samuel W. Smith, and died August 23, 1827. 2. 3Iartha B., born March 3, 1807, and died July 21, 1829. 3. Isaac N., born February 8, 1809, resides in St. Louis. 4. Joseph W., born August 13, 1812, and resides in New Orleans. 5. John, born June 10, 1814, and died October 7, 1824. 6. William B., born March 25, 181G, and resides at Davenport, Iowa. 7. George W., born May 1, 1819, and is a merchant in Richmond. 8. Robert, born June 24, 1821 ; died September 6, 1825. John Barnes lived, for the last twelve years of his life, with his son George "W., in Richmond, and died May 7, 1863, in his 82d year.

William Baxter was born in England, February 11, 1824; came to this country in 1848, and settled in Philadelphia. He engaged as book-keeper and cashier in a wholesale dry goods store, at §8 a week. By his unusual industry, application, and business capacity, he soon gained the unbounded confidence of his employers, and after the short space of eight months, one of the partners retiring from the firm, ottered him a partnership in the wool trade, in which they continued about 15 years; his partner from time to time, unsolicited, increasing his share of the profits until they divided equally. They supplied, chiefly, New England and Germantown manufacturers. In 1864, he retired with an ample fortune, the reward of assiduous and careful attention to business. In 1864, he bought of James E. Reeves the farm originally entered and settled by John Charles, and afterward owned successively by Oliver Kinsey, Robert Morrisson, and Mr.

Reeves. He has expended on the farm and buildings, a sum nearly equal to the purchase money. About two-thirds of the farm have been thoroughly drained - the drains averaging about 3 feet in depth, and 24 feet apart. He has probably the most convenient arrangements for cooking food for cattle and swine in the state ; and he finds this the most economical way of feeding. As the result of these improvements he has already doubled the products per acre of a large proportion of his farm. His highest ambition is to make a model farm, and by successful experiment to stimulate the farmers of the county to the adoption of improved modes of agriculture. Mr. Baxter, several years before his removal to this place, married Mary Barker, an adopted daughter of Hugh Moffitt, by whom he has six children, five daughters and a sou. He is a member of the society of Friends known as the Whitewater meeting.

Thomas Bulla was born in Chester county, Pa., April 19, 1780, and while young, emigrated with his father to JSTorth Carolina, in the time of the Revolutionary war. At the age of 19, he married Mary Fonts, by whom he had two children, Lenore and Thomas. In the fall of 1804, he came with his family to Germantown, Ohio, where his father-in-law resided. They crossed the Ohio at Cincinnati, where he saw but three brick houses. In November, 1805, he started with six others in search of land. After ten days' journey and thirty miles travel with a two-horse team through the wilderness, cutting their road from E.iton, twelve miles, they camped half a mile south of where he afterward settled, 5 miles southeast of Richmond, near the south-east corner of Wayne township. Three of them, Jesse Davenport, Jacob Fouts and himself entered their lands. His wife dying in September following, he deferred his removal until the last of December, 1806, when, with his two children and a second wife, Susanna Mowery, he resumed house-keeping in his log cabin. Coming so soon after those of the Holman and Rue settlement, he and his neighbors were subjected to like privations and hardships. They had to pack their breadstuffs on horseback from the settlements in Ohio, and take their first crops of grain into that state, a distance of 12 miles, to be ground.

Mr. Bulla had by his second wife 16 children - making in all 18 ; of whom the following passed the age of infancy : 1. Sarah, who married Joel East. They reside in Cass county, Michigan. 2. William, who married, first, Mary Edwards, and settled in Preble county, Ohio ; second, Martha Green. 8. Joseph M. [See Sketch.] 4. John, who married in Preble county, Ohio, and died in Goshen, Elkhart county, Ind. 5. Isaac N., who graduated at the Medical College of Ohio, and died in 1841, at the age of 25. 6. Susan, who married Joseph Matlack, and resides 4 miles north of Richmond. 7, 8. Christina and Nancy, both of whom died in 1841. 9. James, who died at 11. 10. Hiram, who nuirried Elizabeth Staley, of Preble county, Ohio, and lives on the homestead of his father. 11. Mary, who married Edward Shute, and resides in Clark county, 111. 12. Chester, who married Sarah A. Davidson, and resides in Richmond.

In a " Pioneer Sketch " written by Mr. Bulla for the Richmond Palladium in 1856, he says, that during the period of his housekeeping, he had lost fifteen members of his family : twelve children, tw^o wives, and his mother. He died in February, 1865.

William Bulla was born in Pennsylvania, and, when young, went to I^orth Carolina. He was there married to Elizabeth, daughter of Andrew Hoover, who was born December 25, 1778. Mr. Bulla was one of the first settlers on Middle Fork, having come with the Hoover family, and settled in the same neighborhood, where he lived 'until his death, July 3, 1862. His wife died March 26, 1857. He was a member of the society of Friends, a friend of universal freedom, whose opposition to slavery was manifested in aiding fugitives on their way northward. His children were : 1. Anna, who married Evan Chalfant, and died about 1849, in St. Joseph county. 2. Elizaheth, who was married to Samuel Burgess, and died in 1858. 3. Thomas P., to Hannah Draper, and resides at South Bend. 4. Andrew, an early printer in the county, and one of the editors of the We-Hern Times, published at Centerville, who died, February, 1832, unmarried. 5. James, unmarried, died in 1861, in St. Joseph county, 6. William F., who married Mary Stevenson, and resides at South Bend. 7. David H., who married Sarah Cox, and died iu Louisville, August, 1856. 8. Darnel, who married Caroline Clawson, and lives on the homestead, in the house in which he was horn in 1814, and built by his father in 1810. 9. JEcther, living in Richmond, widow of John W. League. 10. Sarah B., residing 2 miles north-west from Richmond, widow of David B. Golden. 11. John H., who married Ann H. Crampton, and lives in Laporte county.

Samuel Charles was born in North Carolina, in 1759 ; settled, in 1812, a mile east of Richmond, where he died in 1849. His children were, Elizabeth, who married John Pool; John, who settled, in 1809, where Wm. Baxter now resides; Sarah, wife of Wm. Harvey; Gulielma, wife of Micajah Henley ; Samuel ; Daniel, who resides in Green ; Abigail, wife of Josiah Bell, at Dublin; Joseph; Nathan, who died on the homestead of his father, in January, 1871, where his widow now resides. Their children now living are "Wilson, Matthew, Sarah, Samuel, Martha. Rebecca died in June, 1870.

Jeremiah Cox, son of Jeremiah Cox, of Richmond, was born in Randolph county, N. C, jSTovember 21, 1790, and came with his father to Whitewater in 1806. He settled in 1812 where he now resides, 6 miles north-east from Richmond. He there early built a grist-mill, and carried on the milling business with that of farming for nearly 50 years. He has been married five times. His first wife was Ruth Andrew, by whom he had eight children : 1. Branson^ who married Catharine Cook, and removed to Mississinewa, where they both died. 2. Elihu, who married Martha Grave, daughter of Jacob Grave. He has been a member of the legislature. 3. Robert, who married, 1st, Elvira Addington ; 2d, Narcissa Way, daughter of the late Dr. Henry H. Way, of Newport, and is a farmer and miller on the old place of his father, and is postmaster. 4. Mary, whose first husband was Isaac Cook. She is now the wife of David Little, who lives at Middleborough. 5. 3Ia,rgery, who married David Harris, of Randolph county. 6. Abigail, wife of Ammiel Hunt; both died at their residence in Center, he in 1870, aged 49. Their children were Elvira, Jemima, wife of J. W. Jay, Nathan C, Jeremiah, who died in 1868, Oliver H., Eunice E. Mrs.

Hunt died in 1857. 7. Jeremiah^ who married, 1st, Keturah Hunt, 2d, Delila Garrotsoii, and resides at -Greenvale, Joe Daviess county, 111. 8. Hannah, who married Elihu Addington, and is not living. J. Cox married for his second wife, Mrs. Jemima Coburn; for his 3d, Hannah Moore ; for his 4th, Mrs. Phebe Allen ; for his 5th, Mrs. Mary W. Doyle.

Grave Families. - Four brothers Grave, from Delaware, in 1816, settled in the north-east part of Wayne township. 1. Jonathan settled on land formerly owned by Tabitha AVhite, adjoining Middleborough, west side, and died about 1824. He had five sons and two daughters. Of these, Allen lives in Minnesota ; David T. died in Richmond, 1869 ; "Warner resides on the homestead. Howell, who was engaged at farming in New Garden many j^ears, has been for ten years, and is now, an iron merchant in Richmond. 2. Enos settled about 2 miles south of Jonathan, where Rollin T. Reed now resides ; taught school at times, and held the office of county commissioner. He had four sons and two daughters. Kersey Grave, probably the only survivor, resides at the old home of his father. 3. Jacob settled two miles south-east from Jonathan. John Clawson now lives in the old house. Sons of Jacob Grave were, Milton, residence unknown ; Curtis, lately hardware merchant in Richmond, and Levi, live in Randolph Co. ; Joseph C.,at Whitewater. Martha, a daugliter, wife of Elihu Cox, and had several daughters. 4. Nathan settled about 2^ miles nearly south of Middleboro', where his son Wm. resides. He had, by his first wife, three sons, and one by his second; namely, Stephen, a farmer in Montgomery Co. ; John L., who died in California; Pasey, now a judge in Kansas, formerly a clerk of the courts ; William, \vho resides on the old homestead.

John Hawkins, Sen., a native of South Carolina, came from Ohio, 1808, (?) and settled where his grandson iSTathan resides, on the east side of, and adjoining Richmond, and wliere he died in 1816. He had three sons : Amos, John, and William; and seven daughters. Of his sons, onl}' John and William settled in the county - William, where Cambridge City now is ; and John, in Wa}' ne township.

tied, in 1807 or 1808, one mile north-east from Richmond, where he resided until his death, September 1, 1859, at the age of nearly 82 years. He was married in Carolina ; was a member of the society of Friends, and was one of those, elsewhere noticed, who w^ere imprisoned in the jail at Salisbury for non-compliance with the military law during the war of 1812, He had four children : 1. Tamar, who married Isaac Reynolds ; both died in Dalton. 2. Sarah, who married David Jessup, and resides in Cambridge City. 3. Nathan, [Sk.] 4. John, who married Mary Jessup, and lives on the homestead of his father.

Nathan Hawkins, son of John, last above noticed, was born April 15, 1808, and was married, Jan. 1, 1830, to Sarah, daughter of Elijah "Wright, and settled, soon after, where he still resides, on the farm first owned by John Harvey. His children were : 1. William, who married Duannah Burgoyne, and lives in Hlinois. 2. Eliza, who married Daniel Comer, and lives in Randolph county. 3. Lydia, who married Cornelius Terpening, and resides in Hlinois. 4. John, who married Martha Jessup, in Randolph Co., and lives in Illinois. 5. Henry, unmarried. 6. Eli, who married Alice Shaw, and resides near his father's. 7. Jane S., who married John W. Burgoyne, at Catlin, 111. 8. Allen, who married Ann E. Hockett, and lives with his father. 9. Charles N., who died at 19. 10. George W., unmarried. The wife of Nathan Hawkins died October 10, 1867.

Amos Hawkins, brother of John Hawkins, Sen., settled in the township. He had but one son, Jonathan, and three daughters : Charity, Eliza, and Martha. Jonathan's sons were Newton, and Amos L., who married a daughter of Mordecai Parry, Amos Hawkins was born in 1757, and died in 1837, aged 80 years.

Benjamin Hill was born in North Carolina, June 22, 1770. In 1802, he removed to Carroll county, Ya., and thence, in the autumn of 1806, with his wife and five children, to the Whitewater country, and settled about 3 miles east from Richmond. The five children were, John, born February 20, 1797, and died in Rush county ; Sarah, born June 17, 1798, who was married to Jehoshaphat Morris ; Jacob, born February

3, 1800, and died in Ileniy county ; William, born March 18, 1802, and died in Rush county ; Joseph, horn August 4, 1804, and lives in Boon county. Soon after their arrival here, Mary was born December 27, 1806. The wife of Bonj, Hill died soon after, and he was married to Martha Cox, who was born in Eandolph county, jST. C, November 28, 1779, and came to Indiana in 1807. The chikh-en of this marriage were: 1. Benjamin, who married Sarah, a daughter of the late David Hoover. Their children are David H., Martha E., Albert G., Henry L., Anna C, George W". Benj. Hill resides 3 miles east of Eichmond. 2. Harmon, who married Mary Hecley. 3. Rebecca, the first wife of Thomas Newby. 4. Ezra, who married Mary Kirby. 5. Enos, who married Elizabeth Kirby.

Robert Hill was born January 31, 1780, in North Carolina, where he married Susanna Morgan, and in 1806, settled about 3 miles east from Richmond. His children were; 1. Martha.

4. Samuel, who married Susan Cook, and lives in Iowa. 5. Elizabeth, wife of Charles Shute, who died in this township. 6. Mary, wife of Wm. Parry. 7. Pennina, wife of Edward Shaw, in Richmond. 8. Charles, who married Jemima Clark, and lives in Richmond. 9. Robert, who married

Robert Hill, Sen., married for his second wife, Mrs. Rebecca Lathrop. He was a respected and worthy citizen and represented the county one or two terms in the legislature.

George Holman was born in Maryland, February 11, 1762; and, when young, removed with his father to Pennsylvania. His mother having died when he was a child, his father placed him under the care of Henry Holman, a brother of his father. When about 16 years of age he removed with his uncle Henry to Kentucky. They were accompanied by a few other emigrants, among whom was Edward Holman, Henry's brotiier, a member of whose family was Richard Rue, a year or two older than George Holman. The company settled near the site of the present city of Louisville. In February, 1781, as a historian dates the event, but probably about two years later, Irvin Ilinton goinoj to Harrodsburg for a load of flour, the young men, liue and Holman, were sent with him as guards for his protection against the hostile Indians. While on their way out they were captured by a party of thirteen Indians, led by one Simon Girty, a white man, a native of Pennsylvania, and carried northward to Wa-puc-ca-nat-ta, on the Auglaize, where they were compelled to run the gauntlet, and barely escaped death. Hinton afterward made his escape, and was recaptured, and burned at the stake. Rue and Holman were afterward sentenced to a similar death. Holman was rescued by an Indian, who adopted him as a son. After an affectionate, mutual embrace, Rue was tied to a stake, encircled by dry brushwood. As the faggots were about to be applied to the dry brush, a young Shawnee sprang into the ring, and with a tomahawk chopped off the cord that bound him to the stake; led him out amidst the plaudits of some and the threats of others, and adopted him as a brother in the place of one he had recently lost.

These young men were in captivity three years and a half. Rue, who had been the last six months at Detroit, escaped with two other captives. After traveling nights and resting by day for twenty days, and narrowly escaping death by starvation, they safely reached the Ohio river. The Indians who were dissatisfied with Holman's release, succeeded in getting him again put on trial, and by a majority of one vote he w^as acquitted, and again rescued from the stake.

The protracted war having brought great distress upon the Indians, they ceased hostilities for a time, with a view to recruiting themselves. Holman proposed that if they would send with him to Kentucky a young Indian warrior who knew the way to the Falls of the Ohio, he would apply to a rich uncle for the needed supplies, and obtain for them what they wanted. To this they assented; and Holman, with another prisoner and the young warrior, left Wa-puc-ca-nat-ta. Striking the Ohio a few miles above Louisville, they swam across the river with their guns and blankets lashed on their backs, and proceeded to Louisville, where Gen. Clark was then stationed with troops and military stores, with whom they staid all night, and who, having learned the object of tlieir mission, ottered them all they wanted to procure the ransom of the two prisoners. [The writer has been told by one likely to know, that it was the purpose of Holman to return with the Indian, and to become a trader with the northern tribes.] A few days after his arrival he met at Edward llolman's his friend and fellows-prisoner Rue, who had arrived but three days before. Prior to their captivity, Rue had been in several campaigns under Gen. Clark; after their return, Rue was in two and Holman in one.

In 1804, Mr. Holman, with his friend Rue and one or two others, came to the Whitewater country, bought their lands two miles south of the present city of Richmond, and returned. The next year they came with their families, accompanied by a number of their Kentucky friends. Being remote from any settlement, their privations and sufferings were probably more severe than those of any who came after them.

Mr. Holman was married in Kentucky. He had twelve children: 1. Joseph. [Sk.] 2. "William, who married Rue Meek, daughter of Jacob Meek ; was a captain in the war of 1812, and became a Methodist preacher in 1815; died Aug.

I, 1861. 3. John, wdio died at 5. 4, 5. Benjamin and Joel, in infancy. 6. Patsey, who married Wm. Meek. 7. Rebecca, who married John Woodkirk, and died on the Wabash. 8. Sarah, who married John Odell ; removed to Oregon, where he died, and where she still resides. 9. Greenup, who married Lethe Druley, and died in Marion, Grant Co. 10. Jesse, who married, first, jSTancy Galbraith, who died in this county; second, Sarah Julian, and died at Mt. Vernon, 0., in 1868.

Andrew Hoover was born in Maryland about the year 1751. His father, Andrew Hoover, and his wife's father, Rudolph Waymire, both emigrated from Germany to this country. Andrew Hoover, Sen., married Alargaret Fonts in Pennsylvania, and settled in Maryland, where his son Andrew, the subject of this notice, was born. The latter married Elizabeth Waymire, and removed to i^Torth Carolina, where he resided until the autumn of 180f2. when, with a larg'e family, he removed to the Miami couit. '^ in Ohio. In 1806, the family settled on Middle Fork of ^ hitewater, a mile and a half north-east of where Richmond now stands. The circumstances attending his settlement have been related. He had 10 children, all of whom were married, as follows : 1. Mary, born March 3, 1777, married Thomas ITewraan, father of John S. IS'ewman, now of Indianapolis, and died about 1803. 2. Elizabeth, born Dec. 25, 1778, married Wm. Bulla, and died about the year 1857. 3. David ; [see Sketch below.] 4. Frederick, born Sept. 24, 1783, married Catharine Yount, cousin of Catharine, David's wife, and had 11 children. He removed to the Wabash, where he died April 30, 1868. 5. Susanna, born in 1785, married Elijah Wright ; had 10 children, and died in the spring of 1870. 6. Henry; [see Sketch.] 7. Rebecca; [see Sketch of Isaac Julian.] 8. Andrew, born June 26, 1793, married Gulielma RatliflP, and died in 1866. 9. Catharine, born Jan. 4, 1796, married John McLane; removed to Illinois, and died in 1865. 10. Sarah, born July 15, 1798, married Jacob Sanders, and had two daughters : Mary, who married Wm. Burgess, and is not living, and Elizabeth, who married Samson Boon, with whom Sarah Sanders now resides, in Richmond. Jacob Sanders died in 1862. Andrew Hoover, father of the family sketched above, died near the close of the year 1834, aged about 83 years. He is said to have had, at the time of his death, upward of one hundred descendants. In a note by the editor of Judge Hoover's Memoir, he says : " Except the eldest, who died young, [Mary, at the age of about 26,] his children were all living until March, 1857 ; the oldest survivor being seventy-eight, and the youngest fifty-eight years of age. In December, 1854, an interesting reunion of these brothers and sisters was had, at the house of one of their number, in Richmond."

David Hoover, son of Andrew Hoover, was born in Randolph Co., 'N. C, April 14, 1781. He removed with his father's family to Ohio, in 1802, and thence in 1807, to Whitewater. [See page 29, and Memoir written by himself.] He married, March 31, 1807, Catharine Yount, near the Great Miami, and removed to the land selected and entered in 1806, and on which he had, before his reraov. '^uilt a log cabin. On this farm he resided until his death, in ^ . Although hia opportunities for acquiring an education were exceedingly limited, having, as he wrote, " never had an opportunity of reading a new^spaper, nor seen a bank-note, until after he was a man grown," he accumulated a fund of practical knowledge wdiich fitted him for the various pubhc trusts confided to him by his fellow-citizens. In 1810, he was appointed a justice of the peace of "Wayne county. In 1815, he was appointed an associate judge of the Wayne county circuit court. In Feb., 1817, he was elected clerk of that court, and lield the ofHce by re-election nearly fourteen years ; and, as is stated in a biographical sketch, he might have continued in the oiflce "had it not been that, owing to his domestic tastes, he could not be prevailed on to remove to the county seat, which the people required him to do." It is mentioned as evidence of his having the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens, that he had in his possession seven commissions for offices which he had held, besides his having had a seat in the senate of the state for six years. The duties of these offices he faithfully and acceptably discharged. He delighted in reading. He collected a large and valuable library, embracing a wide range of literature, science, and general knowledge. This more than supplied the deficiency in his school education ; and his example strongly commends itself to the thousands of young men who profess to deplore the want of early educational advantages. They may find, as he found in the course he pursued, more than a substitute for the acquisitions of some from a full collegiate course. His politics and religion he states distinctly in his Memoir: "In politics, I profess to belong to the Jeffersonian school ;" and he takes his motto from Mr. Jefferson's first inaugural: "Equal and exact justice to all men." He declares himself " a firm believer in the Christian religion," and " opposed to all wars and to slavery."

Judge Hoover had seven children, all of whom were married: 1. Hiram, who married Elizabeth Marmon. After her death he removed to Kansas, where he married Mary Price, and died. 2. Elizabeth was married to Jacob Thornburg, of l^ewcastle, and after his death, to Simon T. Powell, of the same place. 3. Susan, to Wm. L. Brady, of Richmond. 4. Sarah, to Benj. Hill, of Wayne township. 5. Isabel, to James M. Brown, of Richmond. 6. Esther, to Henry Shroyer, of i^ewcastle. 7. David, to Phebe Macy, and lives on the homestead of his father. Judge Hoover died September 12, 1866.

Frederic Hoover, second son of Andrew Hoover, was born in North Carolina, Sept. 24, 1783. and came with his father's family to where they settled, on Middle Fork, in 1806. He married Catharine Yount, a cousin of Catharine Youut, the wife of his brother David, and settled in the neighborhood of his father, where he resided until the time of his death. His occupation was that of a farmer during his life. He never sought public position or notoriety. He was a member of the society of Friends, and conscientious in the discharge of duty in the various relations of life. Christian philanthropy was a prominent trait in his character. He was an earnest advocate of the abolition of slavery, and of the principles of peace, as held by the Friends. He had in youth very limited educational advantages; but he availed himself, in after life, of such means as were aflbrded for the cultivation of his mind. He was withal personally agreeable and interesting; and his weight little less than three hundred pounds. Two or three years before his death his mind began to fail, and, at the time of his decease, was nearly a blank. Yet his devotional habits were continued to the last, he being regularly in his place at the Friends' meeting. He died at the residence of his son, Alexander, in Thorntown, on the Wabash, April 30, 1868. His body was brought home and interred in the family burialground.

Henry Hoover, third son of Andrew Hoover, was born in N"orth Carolina, Sept. 22, 1788, and came, when about 18 years of age, with his father's family to Whitewater in 1807. He married Susanna Clark, sister of the late Daniel Clark, of Wayne township, and settled in the vicinit}^ of his father's residence. Like the sons of most of the early settlers, he had grown up where educational advantages were extremely limited. With little more learning than an imperfect knowledge of reading, writing, and the few simpler parts of arithmetic, he commenced life for himself on a new farm, a condition generally' deemed unfavorable to mental and intellectual improvement. But, like his brother above noticed, he had recourse to home reading and stud}', which he, too, found more than a substitute for the mere learning of the schools. Few in this educational age commenced the business of hfe with so poor an education as he did ; yet comparatively few became so well fitted for life's duties and responsibilities. He was right in considering the additions he was making to his fund of practical knowledge, as no less valuable than the yearly products of a well-cultivated farm. He was early appointed or elected to ofiices of greater or less responsibility. He was in 1825 a member of the legislature, the first that convened at Indianapolis. In 1832, he was appointed by Gen. Cass, then secretary' of war, secretary to the commissioners appointed to hold two Indian treaties. In personal appearance, he is said to have been excelled by few; and his native dignity of bearing "gave the world assurance of a man." His religious history, though showing changes in his church relations, evinces, nevertheless, firmness of principle. He was a member of the society of Friends. In 1828, during the visit of Elias Hicks at Richmond, after his followers had separated from the meeting, Mr. Hoover several times attended his preaching, in consequence of which he lost his standing in the old society. He did not, however, join the new, but remained for about fifteen years without any church connection. In 1830, he removed to a farm he had purchased on Poland's Fork, a few miles from the town of Washington, where he united with the Methodist Church, of which he was a devoted and an active member. Trained from his childhood in the simpler modes and forms of worship, lie was pained at the introduction of melodeons, organs and choirs, and absented himself from the meetings of the church, and finally withdrew. His wife died Aug. 0, 1853. In December, 1854, he married Mrs. Lydia Z. Yanghan ; and in 1855 he sold his farm and removed to Richmond, where he resided until his death, July 23, 1868, aged nearly 80 years. Within the last year of his life he united with the Filth street

Mr. Hoover had seven children: 1. Alfred, who married Mary Aired, and resides in Kosciusko Co. 2. Mary, who married David Culbertson, and died at Mt. Vernon, Iowa. 3. Anna, who married Thomas Harvey, who lives in Wayne township. 4. Martha, who married Daniel Culbertson, and lives in the town of Washington. 5. Allen, who married Ruth Jackson; both died at Mt. Vernon, Iowa. 6. Daniel, who married Henriett Heagy. 7. Henry, who married Louisa Lamb, and died at Mt. Vernon, Iowa. The two sons and one daughter were all buried within three years after their removal to Mt. Vernon.

Nathaniel McClure settled, in 1809, about 3 miles southeast from Richmond. He had six sons and seven daughters, all of whom attained the age of majority, except a daughter, who died at 11. In 1847, the father and two sons died on or near the same day. The time between the death of the father and that of the younger son was but two hours. The father and the two sons, James and Alexander, were buried in one grave. Jane, a daughter, died but a few days before. Three daughters, Isabel D., Sarah W., and Elizabeth L., are still living in the city.

John Martin was born in Delaware, November 17, 1780, and settled in Chester county. Pa. ; was married to Ruth Stevens, and in 1837 removed to Wayne township, on Middle Fork of Whitewater, one mile south of Middleboro'. ^ About the year 1853, he removed to Linn Co., Iowa, where he died, March 18, 1871. He had six children who passed the age of infancy: 1. John S., who was killed by the running away of a team, at the age of 14. 2. Benjamin L. [Sk.] 3. Nathan W., unmarried, in Linn county, Iowa. 4. Isaac N., who married Elizabeth Reed, daughter of John Reed, now of Richmond, and lives in Linn county, Iowa. 5. Hannah, who married Jacob Brown, removed to Iowa, and died there. 6. John T., who married Lydia Moore, moved to Iowa, thence to Kansas, where he died. About the year 1833, John Martin removed to Linn county, Iowa, and died there, March 18, 1871.

Benjamin L. Martin, son of John Martin, -vvas born in Chester county, Pa., December 27, 1806, and in 1831, was married to Sarah Chrisman. In 1839, he removed to Wayne township in this county, and in 1849 to Centerville, where he was engaged as clerk in the auditor's office until 1855, when he was elected county auditor, and in 1859 was re-elected for a second term. In 1863, he was appointed by President Lincoln paymaster in the army in the Mississippi department, and served in the Cumberland, Potomac, and IS'orth-western departments ; and was mustered out of service in December, 1865. On his return from the army, he settled near Chester, on the farm on which he now resides. In 1866, he was elected a representative in the legislature, and re-elected in 1870, which office he now holds. He had seven children, besides two that died in infancy: 1. Rebecca N. S., who w^as married to AVm. S. Boyd. 2. Nathan W., to Artelissa Cheeseman, and is on a farm near Chester. 3. John Wesley, to Jennie Jones, and is a merchant at Chester. 4. Benjamin F., to Sarah Almedia Jemison, of Centerville. 5. William C, to Angelina Hunt, and lives in Lawrence, Kansas. 6. Isaac iS"., unmarried, in Harrisburg, Pa. 7. Theodore S., unmarried, at home.

Meek Families. - Jacob Meek, from Kentucky, in 1806, settled tw^o miles south of Richmond, where Charles Price lately resided. His sous were : John, who removed from the county, and died. Jeremiah L., who came to the township in 1807. [Sk.] Isaac, who, after a residence here of many years, removed to Illinois, and died there. William, who married Patsey Holman, Jacob Meek's daughters were Patsey, who married Elijah Fisher, an early sheriti' of the county ; Effie, who married William Grimes.

Jeremiah L. Meek was born in Pennsylvania, in the year 1780, moved with his father to Kentucky; and in the winter of 1805-6, his father came to Whitewater, and was soon followed by Jeremiah, who found his father there living in a cabin on the place where Alexander Grimes afterward lived and died. In the spring following, he, with others, went with live horses to Lawrenceburg, in quest of breadstuff, and were gone seven days. Lodging in the woods, they piled up brush to lie on for fear of snakes. They returned with a supply to last until fall. His pioneer experience was an interesting one. His sons were: 1. William, who married Sall}^ a daughter of Dauiel Fonts ; afterward removed to the west. 2. Franklin, who married a daughter of Wm. Lamb, and lives at Des Moines, Iowa, where Mr. Lamb died. 3. Morton, who married Jane, a daughter of Smith Hunt, and resides where his father died, two miles below Richmond, on the west side of the river. 4. Jeremiah L., who married a daughter of D. Wilson. 5. Alexander G., who died unmarried.

Jeremiah Meek, from Kentucky, a cousin of Jeremiah L., also came about the year 1807. He was one of the first associate judges of the county courts; a member of the constitutional convention of 1816, and afterward a member of the legislature.

John Meek, sometimes called " little John," was a brother of Jeremiah, the judge. His sons were: 1. William, who removed from the county about fifty years ago. 2. Joseph, who married a daughter of Jolm Smith, of Richmond, and resides in Abiugton. 3. John, who married Polly, a daughter of Jeremiah L. Meek, and removed from the county. 4. Jeptha, who removed west some forty years ago. A daughter of John Meek married John Smith, Jun., who lives in Wabash county. Another daughter married Daniel Fraley, and removed from the county.

Joshua Meek, also a brother of Jeremiah, the judge, died in the township. He had a son, Jacob, who resides in Center. Rachel, a sister of Judge Meek, was the wife of Hugh Cwll.

Charles Moffitt was born in IsTorth Carolina, September 25, 1774, and was married, in 1804, to Elizabeth Cox, who was born July 6, 1784, and was a sister of Jeremiah Cox, Sen. Moffitt removed to Wayne township in 1811, and settled on the farm on which his son Hugh Moffitt resides, near Richmond, where he lived until his decease, December, 1845. His widow died November 30, 1860. They had twelve children, besides one that died in infancy: 1. Hugh, above mentioned. 2. Jeremiah, who married Cynthia Ann Cook, and settled at Thorntown, Ind., where he died, and where she lives with a second liusband, James Wood}-. 3. Tacy, who married Wm. Cloud; l3otli reside there. 4. Eunice, unmarried, at liichnioud. 5. Hannah, who married, first, Jacob Craig, who died of cholera, in 1834 ; second, Dr. James W. Marmon, who died of cholera in 1849 ; she died a month after. G. John, who married Martha Caldwell, and after her death, Laura Aired; he lives in Indianapolis. 7. ]\[ary, who died young. 8. K'athan, who married lihoda Ann Johnson, daughter of James Johnson, late of Richmond, and died at 20. She married Wm. Butler, of Ohio, and removed to Iowa. 0. Ruth, who married Dr. Joseph J. Perry, of Richmond. 10. Elizabeth, wife of Alpheus Test, of Boston towhship. 11. Abijah, who married Lydia, daughter of "Wm. Townsend, deceased, and owns the homestead of his father, but resides at Thorntown, Boone county. 12. Anna F., wife of Eli Stubbs, of Richmond.

Hugh Moffitt, son of Charles Moffitt, was born ^Nfarch 21, 1806, in Xorth Carolina, and came, when young, with his father to Wayne, in 1811. He married Mary Childre, of Ohio. They never had children. They have, however, adopted and reared a number, one of whom was !Mary Barker, now the wife of Wm. Baxter. Hugh Moifitt settled soon after marriage at Thorntown, Boone county, and returned in January, 1845, having, with his brother Xathan, bought his father's grist-mill, now owned by Benjamin and Ezra Hill, with the land adjoining, where he now resides, in tlie enjoyment, in large measure, of the comforts and blessings of a well-ordered life.

Joseph Parry was born in Pennsylvania in 1788, and removed, in 1827, to Richmond, and died in 1870. With him came six children, all of them still living : William, Robert, Isaac, Grace, Mordecai, George. William, [Sk.] Robert, Grace, wife of Cornelius Yanzant, and Mordecai, reside in Richmond ; Isaac in Xorristown, Penn. ; George, since 1849, in California.

William Parry, son of Joseph Parr}-, was born in Montgomery county, Penn., in 1810, and came, in 1827, with his father, to Richmond. He worked for many years at his trade - that of plasterer, and then purchased the tarm on which he now resides, two miles north of Riclimoncl. In 1849-51, he constructed the turnpike from Richmond to "Williamsburg, and was elected president of the company, and has remained such to the present time. He was also president of the Wayne County Turnpike Company from 1858 till October, 1871, when the pressure of other business compelled him to resign. In 1868, he was elected president of the Cincinnati, Richmond, and Fort Wayne Railroad Company, which position he still occupies. Under his energetic supervision the road is rapidly approaching completion ; and before the close of the present year [1871,] will be opened to Fort Wayne. And since the year 1853, he has held the oflBce of township trustee. He is an active and efficient member of the society of Friends. In 1833, he was married to Mary, daughter of Robert Hill. Their children are Joseph, who married Jennie Ivins ; Sarah ; Susannah ; Robert ; Samuel, who married Mattie Smith, in October, 1871 ; Elizabeth, and Mary.

Enoch Railsback, son of David, was born in North Carolina, May 26, 1798, and removed with his father's family to this county in 1807. He married isTancy Fonts, daughter of Jacob Fonts. After a temporary residence in several places, he settled permanently, where he now resides, on Wayne township west line, a part of his farm having been the site of Salisbury. He had six children : Sarah, wife of Andrew Eliason. Elizabeth, wife of John Sellars, Mound City, Kansas. Elvonia, wife of John Pugh, and died at Centerville, Jan. 1, 1851. Jehiel, unmarried, attorney at law, at Richmond. Mary B., who married Fabius Fleming, Richmond. Lycurgus, who married Lizzy Binford, of 111., and lives in Marshall, Iowa. The Railsback family have an honorable connection with the war of the Revolution. The Colonel relates the following reminiscences : His father, David Railsback, was assistant wagon-boy for his brother Edward, who drove a fourhorse baggage-wagon for the Colonial army. At Gen. Gates' defeat in South Carolina, while the American forces were giving way, he drove his team hastily into a thicket, and soon saw the British light-horse pursuing our forces, who met with great slaughter. Late at night he left the place of his concealment, and returned safely with his team to Worth Carolina. Henry Railsback, an older brother, was a company officer in Gen. Gates' army, and was captured Ijy the British. On reaching their lines lie saw many of his Tory neighbors who had joined the British army, lie was taken sick, and never got home.

Cornelius Ratliff, Sen, was born in Bucks Co., Pa., about the year 1755. He was a son of Joseph Ratlitl", who came over from England with William Penn, and was present at the making of the famed treaty with the Indians under the great elm. He removed, when young, with his father to Kortli Carolina. He there married widow Elizabeth Charles, and in iSTovember, 1810, came to Whitewater, ai;d settled a mile north of Richmond, on the farm on which his son Cornelius now resides, and which he had purchased in 1808. He was a member of the society of Friends. lie had eight children, all born in il^orth Carolina. All lived to the age of majority, and were married as follows : Maiy, in ^S". C, to Robert, son of John Smith; both deceased. Elizabeth, to Nathan Overman, who settled near Centerville. Gulielma, to Andrew Hoover, and resides in Clinton Co. Joseph, to Maiy Shugart, of ISTew Garden, and died near Marion, Grant Co. Sarah, to John Shugart, of oSTew Garden. Millicent, lirst, to Benj. Albertson ; second, to Thomas jS'ewmau ; both deceased. Cornelius, to Mary Kinley. Abigail, to Joshua Albertson, and died in Clay township, where he still resides.

Cornelius Ratliff, son of the above-named, was born in North Carolina, I)ec. 25, 1798, and came to this county with his father in 1810. He still resides on the farm on which he settled with his father, having never left the old homestead. He was married to Mary Kinley, who Avas born March 15, 1802. They had ten children, of whom six are living and married : ^largaret, to Simon Wood, and resides at Greensboro, Henry Co. Joseph C, to Mary Crawford, and lives in Center township. Elizabeth, to Thompson Harris, and resides in Center. Sarah, to Timoth}' Thistlethwaite, and lives in Richmond. William P., to Jane Snyder, and resided in Richmond; w^as a merchant, and died in April, 1871. Cornelius, to Margaret Masterson, and resides on the farm with his father.

came to Kicliraoud iu 1838, with Reuben H. Ivins,with whom he served an apprenticeship at shoemakiug. 'In 1842, he set up business for himself; but sold out the same year to John rieming, and engaged as a journeyman to Owen Edgerton. In 1845, he again established himself in the business. He married, September 18, 1849, Anna C, daughter of Thomas Kewman. In 1850, he settled on the Newman farm, and in 1851 built on it the house in which he now resides, and where he still carries on his trade. In 1854, he formed a partnership with Joseph P. Ratliff and Timothy Thistlethwaite in establishing a paper mill, and in 1857 he sold his interest to Samuel C. Hill. He has been an active supporter of the cause of temperance; having been allied with various temperance associations, several of which were organized by him and with his assistance. And he is now a member of the State Temperance Alliance. He has never spent three cents for intoxicating liquor to be drank as a beverage, or for that other scourge of the human race, tobacco. He joined the Whitewater Lodge of I. O. O. F. in 1847, and he has ever since taken a prominent part in the organization and support of associations of the order. A friend of intellectual improvement, he originated and assisted in organizing, in 1842, a literary society called the Washington Institute of Richmond ; and, in 1850, took an active part in organizing a similar society of the same name in the Ratliff school district, in which he resides. This society is still continued, and has a respectable library. He was also one of those who formed, many years ago, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Richmond, since discontinued. Mr. Shinn has had four children, three sons and a daughter: Newman Howard, Miles Webster, James Eddy, and Indiana C. Miles W. died January 6, 1870.

Samuel Shute, from N. J., in 1818, settled wdiere his son Aaron now lives, near the south-east corner of the township, where he died about 1857. His son Charles, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Hill, died about 1862. Aaron, Robert, and Samuel are the only sons living. The wives of Samuel Erwin and James L. Morrisson are daugh-

William Tiiistlethwaite was born in Yorkshire, England, in the year 1792, and emigrated to this country in 1817. lie resided a short time in Delaware, and removed to Chester, Pa. Determined on removing to the west, ho came to Cincinnati, w^here he made but a temporary stay, and, in the fall of 1829, came to Richmond, where he remained but a short time. Having a large family of minor chiklrcn, and having been bred a farmer, he bought the farm originally owned by John Charles, an early settler, [1809,] now the farm of Wm. Baxter, near Richmond, to which he removed in the spring of 1830. After having remained a few years on this farm, which he conducted with unusual success, he sold it to Oliver Kinse}', and bought a larger and newer farm farther west, on or near the line of Center township, where he continued farming on a more extensive scale for several years, and retired, leaving the farm in the care of a son, and purchasing a country seat about a mile west of Richmond. Here he lost the partner of his life and labors, and, in 1856, revisited the land of his birth, and returned to this country. In his 70tli year he was again married; and died on the 16tli of August, 1871, in the 80th year of his age.

Joseph Wasson was born in England. Soon after his marriage, he embarked with his wife tor America. They settled for a brief period in Pennsylvania, and removed to the Caroliuas, where they resided until they had reared a family of seven sons and two daughters, a period embracing that of the American Revolution, in Avhicli he was a soldier. Gen. Greene, who had command of the southern forces, detailed a party to look after the tories who infested that part of the country. In a skirmish with them, Wasson w^as shot by one from behind a tree, and disabled for life. The ball lodged in his loins, where it remained nearh' forty years, when it Avas extracted by a skillful surgeon a few years before his death in this township. After his children had nearly all arrived at mature age, he left Forth Carolina, and, in 1800, settled on East Fork, near the Ohio state line, where now Fleming Wasson resides. His children were : 1. Archi- bald, who married, in N", C, Elizabeth Smith, and after about two years' sojourn in Kentucky, settled in 1809 near the residence of his father. His children were : Calvin, who married Mary, daughter of Wm. Bond, and died in January, 1871, at Plainfield, Ind. ; Jehiel, who married, first, Lydia Bond, sister of Calvin's wife ; second, Mrs. Mason, and resides at Milton ; Anselm, who married Euth, daughter of Israel Clark, and died at Mansfield, Ind., February 9, 1871 ; Abigail and Sarah, who both died in infancy; John Macamy, [Sk.] and Eliza, who married Jonathan Moore, and resides in Hichmond. 2. Joseph, second son of Joseph "Wasson, Sen., settled in Eaton, Ohio, and died there. 3. David married Elizabeth, a daughter of Judge Peter Fleming, and died about 1825. His son, Fleming "Wasson, resides in this tow^nship. 4. Nathaniel 31cCoy married Jane Strong, and died in 1868. 5. John married Mary Smith, in IT. C, and died in Wayne township about the time of David's death. 6. Ezra married Jane Campbell, and died in 1847, in Whitley county, Ind. His son, John H. Wasson, lives in Richmond, and is agent of the Ohio Salt Company. 7. Lemuel, unmarried, resides in Kichmond. 8. 31ary married Josiah Campbell, and died at Logansport about fifteen years ago. 9. Elizabeth married Jonathan Lambert, and died at Union City about 1865.

Joseph Whits was born in Kentucky in the year 1800, and came to Wayne township about 1810, with his mother, wdio settled with tlie family near Middleboro'. [See Sketch of the White family, Franklin township.] Joseph remained with his mother until 1836, when they removed 3 miles south to where he died in December, 1868, near the Ohio state line, east from Richmond. In 1821, he married Alice Clawson. Their children are : Josiah, who married Eliza Coburn, and after her death, he married the next year, [1852,] Hannah E. Frame. James, who .married Anna T. Stedom. Lydia, wife of Reese Mendenhall. David, who married iTancy Strawbridge. Anna E., wife of H. G. Nickle. John. William, who married Sarah H. Strawbridge. Joseph C, who married Hannah D. Dilks. Mrs. White and all her children reside in Richmond and Wayne township.

City Of Ihchmond

A sketch of the settlement of the lands of John Smith and Jeremiah Cox on which Richmond stands, prior to its incorporation as a town, has been given in the foregoing history of Wa3'ne township. In 1816, Smith laid out into town lots the land along Front and Pearl streets, south of Main street. The survey was made by David Hoover; and the lots were "five poles wide, and eight poles back." An acre, called the Public Square, was reserved by Smith for such public uses as he should think proper. The plat, it appears, was a small one.

The date of the birth of the town is generally supposed to be 1816. It had no corporate existence, however, until after Cox's addition in 1818, which embraced lands north of Main street and west of Marion. Agreeably to an act of the legislature, the citizens met on the 1st of Sept., 1818, at the house of Thomas and Justice, and uuanimousl}' declared themselves in favor of the incorporation of the town. Twenty-four votes were polled. On the 14th of Sept., at an election held at the same place, Ezra Bos well, Thomas Swain, Kobert Morrisson, John McLane, and Peter Johnson were elected trustees. The proceedings of both meetings were signed by Thomas Swain, as president, and Ezra Boswell, as clerk.

The authority given to the trustees by the general act under which the town was incorporated being deemed inadequate to its efhcient government, the citizens petitioned the legislature for a special charter, which was granted. The charter was adopted by a vote of the citizens; and on the 13th of March, 1834, the day appointed for the election of borough officers, the following named persons were chosen :

These officers, for reasons which do not appear, held their offices only until May, when another election was held, and the following were chosen :

Richmond was governed under this borough charter until 1840, when it was incorporated as a city, under a charter adopted by the citizens ; and on the 4th of May, the following officers were elected :

In Dec, 1865, a general law was passed, authorizing the people of any town to establish a city government without a special act of the legislature. Under this law, city officers were elected for two years. Of the councilmen, one was chosen in each ward every year for the term of two years.

John Sailor was, by successive elections, continued in the office of Mayor until January, 1852. He was succeeded by John Finley, who held the office until his death, in 1866. Lewis D. Stubbs was chosen at a special election to fill the vacancy for the remainder of the term. Thomas ]^. Young was elected for the next two years; and in 1869, was succeeded by Thomas W. Bennett. James M. Poe, the present incumbent, was elected in 1871.

The clerk was appointed by the council until 1853 ; in which 3^ear, and since, he has been chosen at the city elections. The office was held by David P. HoUoway until his resignation in November, 1853 ; by Wm. W. Lynde until January, 1856; by Wm. A. Bickle until 1858; by Benj. W. Davis until January, 1866, when he was succeeded by Peter P. Kirn, who still holds the office.

City Of Richmond

In 182G, Charles AV. Starr bouglit of Jeremiah Cox his unsold lands; since which time several additions have been made to the town plat, by John and Samuel W. Smith, and by John Smith, in 1827 ; by Charles W. Starr, in 1828, 1833, 1831, and 1836 ; and by several other persons since.

The reason why J^orth Front street w-as so run as not to form rio^ht angles with Main, is thus given by Dr. Plummer in his Reminiscences : "At that time there ran along the edge of the hill a county road, the first perhaps laid out in Wayne county. ... To continue South Front street directly north, would run it into wet grounds unsuitable for a street and for building lots; besides, the street w^ould ultimately run into the river. On the hill was a road already established ; no ground w^ould again have to be relinquished for a street. Forty feet was probably the width of the road, and that was sufficiently wide for the wants of the town. Lots were accordingly laid out along this road; and the corners of Main and Front streets became important points. These are the oldest streets, and for a long while w^ere the only ones in liichmond."

The town w^as first called Sinithsville, after the name of its proprietor; but, as Judge Hoover says in his Memoir, "the name not giving general satisfaction, Thomas Roberts, James Pegg, and myself, w^ere chosen to select another. Roberts proposed Waterford ; Pegg, Plaiiijield, and I, Richmond. The last was approved by the lot-holders."

Presnming that all the legal voters were present at the first election of officers, and allowing six inhabitants to each voter, which is generally about the average proportion, the population would have been about 150. In 1819, it was estimated at 350. Although this estimate shows a much more rapid increase than was maintained for several years afterward, it was probably not far from the truth. There were, when the town was incorporated, the stores of John Smith and Robert Alorrisson ; and there w^ere mechanics of most or all of the more common trades, whose number continued to increase with the increase of the population of the surrounding country.

As is usual in new countries, the early merchants of Richmond kept the various kinds of goods wanted by the settlers. They were not designated as dry goods merchants, hardware merchants, druggists, grocers, &c. Not until the country had become well settled, was it possible to keep up an establishment confined to any one of these branches of trade. This division of business, as it is called, was not commenced until about the year 1825, fifteen years after the first store had been established ; nor until after the advent of the first printer, by whom the merchants were enabled to advertise, in show-bills and the newspaper, the long lists of their wares, embracing dry goods, groceries, queeusware, glassware, hardware, nails, bar, band, hoop, and sheet-iron, school books and stationery, and dyestufis; sometimes adding drugs and medicines, and not excepting brandy, rum, gin, and whisky : and this list was generally supplemented with a string of etceteras, or " every other article usually kept in country stores."

The early business men were at length obliged to divide the gains of capital and labor with a new set of rivals. Favorable reports from the flourishing town of Richmond had gone abroad, and immigrants from the east, especially Friends, came in. Edward L'. Frost, from Long Island, N. Y., with w^hom, as already stated, John Smith was for a short time associated in trade, was probably the first merchant in town after Robert Morrisson. He afterward traded alone on Front street, south of Main, and removed to the south-east corner of Main and Pearl streets, where he built, and for several years occupied, a two-story frame building, subsequently removed to make room for the present brick building made of the bricks which had formed the walls of the court-house at Salisbury, after the removal of the county-seat to Centerville. Philemon H. Frost was a clerk for his brother Edward, and, some think, became a partner.

Richmond, and commenced trade in August, 1818, on the east side of jSTorth Front street, near Main, and soon after Ijought of Thomas and Justice their building on the north-east corner of Main and Front streets. He was in business four or five years, and returned to Ohio, where he worked again at his trade, [the hatter's] about three years ; and about the year 1826, he came again to Eichmond, and engaged in the hatmaking business, which he carried on many years in Gilbert's block. He married Harriet, daughter of the late Samuel Shute, and after her death, a Mrs. Thompson, who also died. He is still in the hat trade, south side of Main street, between Pearl and Marion. James IMcGuire, an Irishman, after Suffrins, traded a short time at the same place, corner of Main and Front streets.

Atticus Siddall, who had taught school in the village, succeeded Frost at Ham's corner. He was for a time alone; afterward in company with a Dr. Cook. His health failed, and he died many years ago. He was the father of Jesse P. Siddall, for many years, and at present, a prominent lawyer in Pichniond.

About the year 1822, John AVright, from Maryland, commenced business on Main street, between Front and Pearl. He remained a few years, and the family dispersed. The business was continued by his son-in-law, Basil Brightwell, who also built a flouring-mill near the site of Jackson, Swayne & Dunn's woolen mills, below the jSTational bridge. He had an extensive trade, and was apparently - perhaps really - successful for several years. He became deeply embarrassed, and, apprehending bankruptcy, committed suicide, leaving only a son, his wife having died a few years before. His sou also died a lew years afterward.

Joseph P. Plummer, from Baltimore, after a brief stay in Cincinnati, came to Richmond in 1823, and coninienced business on South Front street, in a building previously occupied by Edward L. Frost, whence he removed to his new frame store, corner of Main and South Front, since known as Plummer's corner, where now stands the brick store of Thomas ISTestor.

in 1824 or 1825 ; was first a clerk for Edward L. Frost, and afterward for Robert Morrisson, on the north-west corner of Main and Pearl streets, where he built a store after the destruction of his first by fire. Strattan, then in partnership with Morrisson, the latter furnishing the goods, commenced trade at the corner first occupied by Morrisson, a building having been removed to that place - firm, J. P. Strattan & Co. Morrisson, who continued his store at the corner of Pearl street, sold a part of his goods to James "Woods, a clerk of Frost, who took them to Liberty, where he established a store. Strattan having formed a partnership with Daniel Reid, a clerk of .Morrisson, [firm, Strattan & Reid,] Morrisson sold' them his remaining stock of goods, and retired finally from the mercantile business. After about three years Strattan bought out Reid, and a year or tw^o after sold out to his brother Benjamin Strattan, and bought a farm 4 miles north of town, about the year 1833; remained there four years, and sold his farm to Oren Huntington, then a merchant in Richmond, taking his stock of goods in part payment. He took the goods to Dublin, a new town, where he traded about ten years; was at Louisville, Henry Co., two years; and returned to Richmond in 1858.

David Holloway, who had removed in 1813 from Waynesville, Ohio, to Cincinnati, came in 1823 to Wayne township, and bought the homestead of Judge Peter Fleming, near the state line, and, in 1825, removed to Richmond, and commenced business on the north-east corner of Main and Front streets. After a few years of successful business he retired, and was succeeded by Wm. Hill, son of Robert Hill, an early settler. He bought another farm a short distance north-east from the town, and a few years after returned to Richmond, corner of Pearl and Spring streets, where he died in 1855.

Jeremy Mansur, an early settler, and for several years a skillful edge-tool maker at Salisbury and for many years a farmer about 3 miles west from Richmond, commenced the mercantile business in the city in 1831, on the south-west corner of Main and Pearl streets, known as Plummer's corner, and continued the business about eight years, and re-

City Of Eichmond

Edmund Evans, of English Ijirth, who came from l>altimore with a grown-np family about the year I80I, and Ijought a farm a short distance south-east from town, started, some years after, a wholesale and retail leather store, to which he finally added dry goods. Ilis store was on Plummer's corner, and had been previously occupied by Jeremy Mansur. He died many years ago, and more recently his wife.

Isaac Gray, from Virginia, came to Richmond in the fall of 1827, and was in the mercantile business about two years. His store was on the ground now occupied by T. J. Bargis's stove store, on Main street, north side, between Pearl and Front streets. In 1829, in company with others, he removed to ISTiles, Mich., where he was the first postmaster. A daughter of his is the present wife of Daniel Eeid. Other children of his are living in Niles and elsewhere.

Oren Huntington, from Mass., came to Richmond in Sept., 1831, and went the next year to Anderson, where he was for 6 years successfully engaged in the mercantile Inisiness. He returned in 1838; engaged the next year as clerk for Samuel Fleming, a son of Judge Peter Fleming; and in 1840, in company with Nathan Wilson, bought Fleming's stock in trade, which, a year or two afterward, they sold to Cook and Siddall. In or about the year 1814, he resumed trade, and in 1845, sold his goods to Joseph P. Strattan for a farm a few miles north of Richmond. After a few years of farming, he exchanged his farm Avith Benj. Fulghum for his brick liouse, corner of Main and Franklin streets, which had been fitted up for a public house. He soon remodeled the house, and established a first-class hotel, known as the Huntington House, of which he is still the owner.

he bought the goods of his brother, Joseph P., then sole proprietor, and subsequently tlie building of Morrissou. Ho continued in business, alone and in partnership, many years, and retired to a country seat and farm 3 miles east of the city, Avhere lie was for several years farmer and horticulturist. In 186-, he sold his farm, returned to the city, and is again in the mercantile business.

Joseph "W. Gilbert, from Pa., came to Richmond in 1835, and commenced the mercantile business on Main street, between Marion and Pearl, and discontinued the business in or about 1852. In 1855, he built the brick block on what is known as Gilbert's corner. During a part of the time he was in trade, he also kept a public house. He was also for twenty-eight years a mail-contractor and large stage proprietor, having lines running to Dayton, Indianapolis, Wabash, and other places. He resides in the city, and is 72 years of age.

The natural result of the increase of population and trade in Richmond and the surrounding country, was the division of business. The time was at hand when silks and iron, laces and fish, pins and crow-bars, pork and molasses, tea and tar, were not all to be had at every store. As early as 1825, "Warner & Morrisson [Dr. Warner and Robert Morrissou] advertised " Drugs and Medicines, Oils, Paints, Dye-stuffs, Patent Medicines, &c., &c." But the era in trade alluded to can not, perhaps, be properly said to have commenced so early. The first store confined to a separate branch of trade, and comprising a considerable stock of goods, was a Drug Store, established by Irvin Reid, in 1833 ; embracing, besides drugs and medicines, those articles usually accompanying, as paints, oil, dye-stuffs, &c., and an assortment of Books and Stationery. After a few years he dropped the book business, and continued the drug business until 1852. He then sold out, bought the farm of Edmund Evans, his father-in-law, near the city, to which he removed. In 1859, having sold his farm in parcels to German immigrants, he returned to the city, and engaged in the Hardware trade, which is still continued under the firm of Irvin Reid & Son.

iam R. Smith and Swain kept a bookstore. Benjamin Dngdale, wlietlier before or after Stanley, has not been ascertained, established a bookstore, wliieh Avas continued by him for many years until his death, and by his sons for some years after.

The first independent Grocery Store, says Dr. Plummer, was commenced in 1838, by Haines & Farquhar. j^In 1846, Benton & Fletcher established a Hanhoare Store. They dissolved partnership and divided the stock, Benton continuing at the stand of the firm, now Citizens' Bank corner, and Fletcher removing to the west side of Main street, between Pearl and Marion.

It is related of Jeremiah Cox, that he had at first regarded with disfavor the scheme of building up a town ; and he is said to have remarked, that he " would rather see a buck's tail than a tavern sign." If he spoke in reference to the efiects of this "institution" upon the morals and prosperity of some communities, the remark was not an unwise one. His sincerity was evident from the fact, that he did not make bis addition to the town plat until two years after the date of Smith's survey, or two years after Philip Ilarter had a sign swinging near a log building on lot 6, South Pearl street. Another early tavern was kept at the north-east corner of Main and Pearl, sign of a " green tree," by Jonathan Bayles, and another, of later date, on Front street, near the south-west corner of Main, by Ephraim Lacey. Ilarter soon afterward kept a tavern at the corner of Korth Pearl and Main, where the Citizens' Bank now stands, then called Harter's corner. Another tavern was kept on Gilbert's corner, north-west corner of Main and Marion, first, it is believed, by Abraham Jeffries, afterward by several different persons.

liichard Cheeseman was an early settler, lived on South Front street, kept a tavern several years, and removed to Center township, where he died, William, a nephew, remained in Richmond, and married a Miss Mofiitt. Both, it is believed, are living. John Baldwin, an original Carolinian, early kept a tavern and store at the Citizens' Bank corner. He went west, and became a trader with the Indians. Their sav- age nature having at one time been excited by liquor which he had sold them, they scalped, or partially scalped, him alive ; but he survived the operation. He returned to the county, and died six miles north of Richmond, in 1869. Next to Baldwin, "Wm. H. Vaughan occupied the stand for several years, and the tavern was discontinued. Yaughan had previously kept for a time the Lacey stand on Front street. Patrick Justice early kept a tavern on !N"orth Front street, near Main, for several years. He afterward kept a public house which he built in 1827, near the extreme limits of the town, now the southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets. He removed from the county; and the house, after having been used as a tavern a few years longer, was turned to mechanical uses.

Benj. Paige, a 'New Englander, father of Palph Paige, now a merchant in Main street, kept a tavern previously to 1830, at the corner originally owned by John C. Kibbey, an early innkeeper, and known as Meek's corner, north-east corner of Main and Marion. Abraham Jeffries had a tavern on Gilbert's corner ; kept it some years, and was succeeded by Joseph Andrews, a brother-in-law, who died soon after.

Blacksmiths. - John Hunt is said to have been the first blacksmith in Richmond. He built a shop on South Front street, east side, in 1816. Lewis Burk cut in one day the logs for the building, including the ribs and weight poles, on Smith's land about two squares east, for 75 cents, the job being considered about three days' work. John McLane was probably the next blacksmith (some think the first) in the town. He and his son John, and Isaac Jackson, were the principal 'smiths until after 1820. He was a member of the first board of trustees of the town, elected in 1818. Lewis Burk, about the yearl817, commenced the business 2J miles south of town, and afterward worked as journey&ian and in his own shop about twelve years. He was heard to say, while in business in Main street, that he had ironed a wagon for Wm. Mitchell, an early settler near New Paris, 0., for which he received 1,800 pounds of dressed pork, at §1 per hundred, and sold it to Samuel W. Smith at the same price.

City Of Richmond, 369

Archibald Wassoii, an early settler near Ohio lino, removed to town, in 1829, and carried on the bhacksmithing business for many years. Jehiel, a son of his, came in 1831, and worked at the same business several years, on Main street, east side of the town. John H. Thomas came from Delaware with a young family, and has worked at blacksmithing ever since. George McCullough, about the same time from the same place, carried on the business many years, on Franklin street, near Main ; afterward became a partner in the firm of llorney & Co., in the manufacture of plows, near the railroad depot. He was for several years foreman in the iron department. In 18G5, he received a severe injury, which for a long time disqualified him for labor. He is still connected with the firm above mentioned.

David Maulsby, from Maryland, about 1830, purchased on Pearl and Spring streets. He carried on his trade successfully for a number of years, and retired, leaving the business in the hands of his only son, John L. Maulsby. He died soon after, suddenly, of apoplexy.

Mordecai Parry, a brother of William, was for many A'oars a blacksmith in Richmond. By industry' and frugality while at his trade, and by the subsequent economical management of his aft'airs, he has been successful in his acquisitions.

Cakpenters. - The first carpenter in Richmond is supposed to have been Stephen Thomas, who was followed, within a few years, by Peter Johnson, Joshua and Benjamin Albertson, Evan Chapin, and Mark Reeves, father of Mark E. and James E. Reeves. Thomas Stafford, who lived on Middle Fork, built several houses in the tow^n. Charles Cartwright came in early, and was an extensive house builder. He married a Miss Till, whose mother was an early settler. They removed to the West. John Hughes, from Pennsylvania, a carpenter, worked at his trade in Richmond many years, and built a house ou Marion street, north of Main, where he died in 1869. David Vore, also from Pa., came soon after Hughes; married, and settled on Main street, where he early built a brick house. He w^as a carpenter, and worked at his trade nntil his death, in 1866.

cabinet-maker, and for mnny years the principal undertaker in the town and vicinity. He conveyed, in his plain Dearborn wagon, the remains of rich and poor to their burial places. He owned a stone house on Pearl street, which is yet standing, and said to be the only stone building in Richmond. David Hook, an early cabinet-maker, carried on business a number of years. He was an esteemed citizen, and died many years ago. Some of his descendants reside in Riclimond. Jonas Gaar had a cabinet-shop at the south end of Front street. He is now senior partner of the firm of Gaar, Scott & Co., of the Gaar Machine "Works.

Abraham Phillips, from Pa., in 1838, established a shop in South Pearl street; afterward removed to west side of Main street, a few doors east from the corner of Marion, where he soon after [1840] erected the building still owned by him, and occupied by James Elder as a bookstore. In 1856, he and James M. Starr built the hall nearly opposite. Having leased bis interest in the hall to Starr, it was called "Starr Hall," until January, 1865, when Phillips bought Starr's interest; since which it has been known as " Phillips' Hall."

Tailors. - Among the early mechanics in Richmond was Henry Burnham, a tailor, near the junction of Pearl and Front streets. Robert Dilhorn, a tailor, early from the East to Cincinnati, whence he was " wagoned up " by the assistance of the Friends. He settled on Middle Fork, and soon after removed to Richmond. He pursued his business nntil his decease many years ago. Henry Dunham, from Ohio, came about the year 1822 or 1823, and carried on the tailoring business a number of years, and died. John Lowe came early; worked a long time as a journeyman tailor, and married a daughter of Levi Johnson. His wife died six or eight years ago. He resides in Richmond.

Isaac E. Jones came from Ohio in 1824. He carried on the tailoring business several years. He afterward, in company with Warner M. Leeds, his brother-in-law, built a sawmill and other machinery near where Nixon's paper mill is. He was also the founder, though on a comparatively small scale, of the Spring Foundry, now the '- Gaar Machine Works."

Harmon B. Payne came from Ohio wlien a youth, and worked at tailoring'. After he luul arrived at manliood he married Am}' Pryor, and continued to work at his trade for several 3'ears. He is now a practicing lawyer in Richmond. Abraham Earnest, early from Ohio, was a tailor, and lo'lowed his trade successfully for many years, lie married a daughter of Daniel Ward, an early settler on the hcadwat rs of Middle Fork. lie has also been, at ditferent times, in the grocery trade, and the hat and cap trade, and is at present a broker. Samuel E. Iredell, a tailor, came when a^'oungman, and married a ^liss SuttVain; was successful in business many years, and engaged in farming in the vicinity of Richmond, and died in 18G5, leaving a wile and a number of grown children.

Silversmiths, Watch-makers, etc. - John ]M. Laws came from Philadelphia, and engaged as a journeyman watchnnUvcr - name of his employer not remembered. After he had worked a while at his trade, he married Joanna, a daughter of Joseph P. Plummer, and soon after engaged in merchandising, which he continued many years. Ten or twelve years ago, he connected with his business the wool trade, which he continued with his son, Joseph P., near tlie depot, under the firm of Laws & Son, until his death, in 1868. The son died a few weeks before.

James Eerguson, from New Paris, Ohio, was for many years a watch-maker and silversmith in town; mai-ried a daughter of Jeremy Mansur, and removed to Indianapolis, where he has been successful in business. He is extensively engaged in the pork trade.

Charles A. Dickinson, son of Solomon Dickinson, from Philadelphia in 1821, after having served his apprenticeship with John AI. Laws, above noticed, carried on the watch and jewelry business until 1867. It is continued by his son, Henry C. Dickinson. Robert B., brother of Charles A., is in the same business.

Chair-makers. - Elijah H. Gitliens, a native of 1^. J., came to Rielimond from Ohio, in 1833, and carried on the chairmaking business nntil 1847. After an absence of about a year, he returned to Eichmond, and was eight or nine years in tlie grocery trade ; then in the dry goods business in Iowa four years; returned to Richmond, and resumed the grocery business, having also a dry goods store in E"ew Paris, Ohio, and another at Mendota, Illinois, nine years. He continues the grocery business at his store building, south side of Main street, between Marion and Franklin. He built a frame dwelling in 1833 on Fifth street, where now stands the elegant residence of J. Milton Gaar. He built his store in 1840.

Griffith D. Githens, a brother of Elijah, also a chairmaker, came with or soon after his brother ; married a daughter of John Page, and continued his business until 1869, when he removed to Indianapolis.

Hatters. - Eli Brown, from E". C, in 1815, was the first, and for several years the only hatter in Richmond. The reader probably remembers that the vicinity of "Beard's Hat Shop " was one of the places in Carolina from which "Whitewater was originally peopled. Although the hats the settlers brought from that famed shop had been made with a view to long service, which indeed they had performed, the time had come when not a few of them needed substitutes. And as Friend Brown had learned his trade from Beard himself, his advent must have been highly gratifying to the settlers. Nor is it probable that he had occasion to regret his opportune settlement among them. In 1828, he commenced the mercantile business, which he continued several years. About the year 1863, he removed to a farm, 2^ miles north-west from Richmond, where he died in 1867, aged about 75 years.

ISTot long after Brown, about 1820, came Caleb Shearon, from Maryland, who commenced the same business. He succeeded in accumulating a handsome estate to be divided among his children. He died about the year 1850.

Jolin SufFi'ins, as has been already stated, \ras an early merchant, and afterward went into the hat-making business. lie is still a dealer in hats and caps on Main street, between Pearl and Marion, and is probably the oldest business man in the city. He came in 1818. ,

Saddlers and Harness-makers. - Achilles Williams, from 'N. C, came to Richmond in the autumn of 1818, and established himself in business as a saddler and harness-maker, the first of that trade in the town. He continued the business many years, and engaged in other pursuits. [Sk.] Xathaniel Lewis, between the years 1820 and 1830, occupied as a saddle shop, a long one-story frame building on the south- Avest corner of Main and Marion streets - now Ralph Paige's corner.

John Brady, a young man, from Ohio, a saddler by trade, married a Miss AVright, and for some time carried on business in town, and held the office of justice of the peace. He removed to Marion, Indiana, and is still living. Wm. L. Brady, his brother, came when a youth, about the year 1826, and served an apprenticeship with his brother John ; and has since carried on, successfully, the saddle, harness, and trunk trade to the present time. He married Susan, daughter of David Hoover, and purchased a residence on Xorth Pearl street, where he has since resided - about forty years.

Tanners. - The first tannery in Richmond was established in 1818, b}^ John Smith, to give employment to Joseph Wilmot, an Englishman, who had early emigrated to Cincinnati, and was in search of a location. Robert Morrisson established another the same year.

John Finle}^, whose name appears somewhat conspicuous in this history, undertook the management of Smith's tannery several years after it was established; but after "running" it a single season, he abandoned it. Daniel P. Wiggins, from Long Island, JJT. Y., came to Richmond in 1823. Being a tanner, Morrisson employed him to take charge of his tannery, and, a few years after, admitted him as a partner. AValter Legg and John Wilcoxen worked in the yard. Wiggins and his sons afterward purchased the tauneiy built by Smith, and the Morrisson tannery was discontinued. The former is still in possession of the Wiggins famil}', and has been much enlarged and improved. Its present proprietors are Stephen R., Charles 6., and John D. Wiggins. They also carry on extensively the manufacture of saddles, harness, and horse-collars.

In July, 1857, Joh Curme and liis son Artliur A., commenced a trade in leather and findings, at old No. 11 South Pearl street. The next year they commenced the tanning business near the Bush mill, with one vat. In 1860, Job Curme sold his interest to Isaac D. Dunn; and the store was remo\(ed to 47 Main street, and the tannery to its present location, on Washington and Cliff streets. In 1865, Andrew J. Coitman and Dewitt C. McWhinney became partners - firm name, Curme, Dunn & Co., and their store was soon after removed to its present location, 297 Main street, with John J. Harrington as partner. This concern is extensively engaged in the manufacture of leather and horse-collars. It gives employment to about 25 men, nearly half of tliem at making collars, of which 1,500 dozen are made in a year; and there are 100 vats in the tannery.

Shoemakers. - Among the early shoemakers in Richmond W'as Patrick Justice, elsewhere mentioned as a tavern-keeper. Jonathan Moore, quite a 3'oung man, from his father's home, 21 miles south-east ot town, as early as 1829, set up a shoeshop on the north-east corner of Main and Fifth streets, where the Tremont House now stands, then at the extreme border of the town. His wife died a few months after marriage, and in a few years he married a second. He has continued in business without interruption for more than torty years.

Owen Edgerton, early from Carolina, worked many years at shoemaking. In 1866, he retired, and transferred his business to his faithful journeyman, a colored man, and is still living at the age of about ibur-score years. Joseph Ogborn, also an early shoemaker in Richmond, retired after many years, and died in 1869.