The Examiner, 1847-10-30

which, on the Gth of Jane, was despatched to r? p i . t i . . ..... . i iur, iu do oy mia siMrmated tbroagh ont all Mexico, and that purported to set forth to the people of Mexico the causes of tho war. I have it, and I hope the gentlemen of tho press will publish it. What did that declaralio. say to them? Anything about invasion of """i"" territory ana me muruer o( American troops? Not a word lika il rnl - - " www WWIU. 1 hat proclamation roes upon tho old matter of i j i i . . . h ueuis, anu opon tne re Iu sal to receive Mr. Slidell aa our minister, .ml nnA. a .in duration by Paredes, which J cannot findaay- mm. .1 . .1. I . . I . . . "u"i ""i war um actually exist, tiut the fact alleged in the war measure ef May 1 1; and the fact enucted, if a fact can be enacted by legislative power, that war existed Ly Mexican invasion, ia not alluded to, stated, or intimated iu the proclamation to tho Mexican people. On the conlrarr. that nrnrlnmntinn L : , J ' r mpvw-. mr from the month of Gen. Taylor, says: "We come as friends. Wa ha nui iiav complaint, tut we come to relieve you from the tyranny of your own Government W come l"" uown mat denitoliam which lords It over yon." Well.lt was Paredes, a military chief chieftain, - tain, chieftain, who had succeeded Santa Anna, a as t bar military chieftain, according to tho order of Mexican succession for the last twenty years. It is to put down thoso whs tamul.1 oi.M;. . j .-. ... f i a. uiooarciiy over yea... ; jr- ' . Mill, i II II), he was in Cuba. At ..... I i. i'i. v uere was OanLa Am t ilii. ivk Cuba and rnmle his way to Vera Crui, and was there admitted by Com. Connor according to or order. - der. order. Before bo reached Mmir. h. I,. a .t i,.. proclamation to be distributed there. IU had, by apronunclamento. ei f,.nK l.;. V - Ml 7UIVf f put down the tyrants and to prevent the estak. ii.ii.ii.-ui i a monarchy, either Santa Anna borrowed from our Executive, or they from htm, or it was the jumping judgment of two great geninses, I don't know which; bnl the senti sentiments - ments sentiments were the same, thsv wm I .1 the same time, and when Gen. Taylor was in invading - vading invading Mexico at the north, Santa Anna's atrenia were noaaestvMl of I. c iamento to the same effect, with the same ideas, and in the same language. This terminated in July or August in deposing Paredes: tow men. ine rresident of the United Statea acknowledges, and he could not deny it, in his elaborate commentary oa these transactions in the message of last year that he did wish to overlhrow the government of Paredes, and saw uo other way of getting rid of our tiifficnlty with Mexico than by bringing about a revolu revolution - tion revolution in Mexico. I confma. air. Hot h 1 first read that IneRSare I waa atrurk arllh mortification and astonishment. We. of tha United States, citixens Ilrlna- flrtfTaal Ha! nwAah tk.aa Coustitution. und t WTCtltV mill Jnna fx t n at Vi I Tm we have a just cause of war against Mexico, cannot get rid of thediQculty without attempt ing miuuTcn me temporarily existing Govern Government - ment Government of that miserable nation! Aside from the want of dignity, which it appeared t me al almost - most almost covered tha ennnlnr arilh anma .r J - -- wwh.w .-IW VI disgrace, in fomenting a revolution in the coun- "I i enemy, 11 appears to me to have . ' 1 die lit. i-m-u exin-uiciv wraa. Ill-iudired. and ine ine Santa Anna potto Mexico. Gen. Talr distributed his Droclatnation. Tha Pri.l.n admits in the message of December last that be uopcu iur councils more peaceaoie to tne L ni ted States from the authority of Santa Anna, than from the authority of Paredes. How far he lias been disappointed the event will tell. Mow far this military chieftain entered 1 llta an agreement, lam uot to say ; that there was a gi-iic-i.il uniirmwiauiiir is cvjucut; wnetner he Was unable or unwillinr it. r.rr. aui ).. n derstandine, or whether he found the sentiment 01 me nation 100 strong for htm, 1 leave yon to judge; but the fact is we find him, soon after, at U 1..... I ..t ..... 1 t Ji. . inr nnu vi in- army, aim in cirenil anu bloody coiiiiicis with t;ie army or the I uileJ State lie had come, either at the suco-eation. ar i least, by the peruilsxlon of tho President of the I nited Mates. He had pat himself at the head of the Mexican armies; but instead of moving towards peace bs moved only towards war. and conflict, and battle. Whatever else may be shiJ of the circumstances, ordinarv ar afri tiinary, that have attended the elevation of the r . . . r .1.- l-;.l-... . i. it. : . . i . . luiuiiir. i i iTviiiciii vi iitv i a ueu stales, it will be admitted that tt least in oue respeot hta case is somewhat siagular. lis baa area armies ef vast numbers aud amount, fighting various hUllea in tented fields, and it so happens tnai ne nas na.i me sciectiot of commauders on both sides: The nrecise oliiect of thiaavae U nn.l k.. I j .- . - . -u fjcts and circumstances, sufficient, I thiuk, to ssIinI v any reasonable man. The precise object of this war was to establish a Government in Miirn. ! v tha refiir:iliiin .a" ..t- A n - which should Yield the Question af Tevan ln,t- pendence and give us no more trsuble oa that account. How grievously that calculation has See n dtitaniiainted. let auliaeiiiient omi-.n t u V. litis then Is the real ground and origin of lhe war, and a I the rest, so far as appears to me, is mere pretext; and 1 hope those whose basines it ia to atrta.d informatioa ntion theaa lmn. , i ."yvi - tant subjects will look at that proclamation of .t.. ilii. r f. ;ii .. u. lliv ..bit vi ..., win iviiiji.it w ua tla iioTcrn- tnent of the United Stales say, with what the President siiid in his message of the 11 ill of Mir. niiil what t.onirreaa enurlm! In ro.timia. ...III. 1 1 . I n . n .... ih. I. m. I V. : .U. will. ilia. inf;.t vi ..v hi vvuio.ll mil Wlf urose from invasion by tho Mexican forces of our sou, anu vne muruer 04 our citizen. Mr. Webster opposes any acquisition of ter ritory. He was willing, when Secretary of State, to obtain possession of the port of Fran cisco by cession, or as a naval station. This was for commercial end. Mr. W. did not dream of aoquirlng more territory. Of the ex extension - tension extension of slavery, tho orator said: Allow me to av, sir, that I have not seen one intelligent man f the South who objects to the fair exercise of all the power of tho North in preventing the further increaso of slave repre representation - sentation representation in Congress. I do not know the man of my acquaintance who says to me that it is unreasonable in as or that it ia not to bo ex peeled from us, or that it may not ba rightly performed by us. There is no ono who can complain of the North for resisting the increase of "lave representation, because it give power to the minority in a manner incousistsnt with the principle of our Government. What is past must atand; what Is established must stand; and with the same firmness with which I shall resist every plan to augment tho slave repre representation, - sentation, representation, or to bring the Constitution into any hazards by attempting to extend onr dominions, shall I conte.id to allow existiag rights to re re-muin. - muin. re-muin. But there U ono thing of watch Southern gentlemen do complain. They et mplaia of thi provision 01 the Wilmot rrovh, because, say they, "it I unequal. Yon of tho North caa settle It, becaoa yoa can go without alaves. VV e of the South cannot settle it becaase we have slaves.' It establishes a derogatory distinc distinction - tion distinction and tend to establish an inequality. Lei as consider the force of this argument- I am slways happy to meet Southern gentlemen of character, honor, talents, and ability vpoa this question. How is it with tho privilege which they now have or a representation dispropor dispropor-tioned - tioned dispropor-tioned to ours? They admit this to bo an ine inequality, - quality, inequality, and if new territory is admitted, opto to slaves, is not that plainly an augmentation of that inequality T Sir, I can only say, that, la my judgmear, we are to ase the first, and the last, aad every occa sion which occurs in maintaining onr sea ti me n Is against tho extension of the slave power. I speak of it now here, as ia my seat ia Con Congress, - gress, Congress, as a political question a a question for stales me a to discuss, aad eatertain, and act upon. I do not mean to say that the moral part of the question is less important, bnt it is less pertinent to what re have to do. Certain Certainly, - ly, Certainly, 1 do sot mean to say that it is leas Impor tant, or not vastly mora Important, la other points of view; bnt I speak of it thus, because this ia tho only point of view ia which I, offi officially, - cially, officially, have anything to do with it ' - - The distinction drawn here between moral and political action wo don't comprehend. - ill Charles Fox said what is morally wrong cannot he politically right. Mf. Webster admits that the morat question is tho moot important; how can he say It is the feast pertinent T How aver that aUtenmen that he can' only look' at it officially. In a political point 0 viewT If tl-hi be so, the position of a statesman is aot the most exalted .He does aot, and cannot, according to

LOUISVILLE, KY.: roinmodation. Such, at least, was the wLlch wo formed at the confercuces.M opinion uio American rcopio hx their attenUon diatinctly upon this. All tho other points mlirht u-.c u-u m.vviiiiiiuuoiru; uui iiir. -i rit would not refer this poiul the cessiou cf New Moxi- ce to wusmngtoa anew, "a lie was quite cer tain ui ooverumeut deemed it a condition tint qua new ol peace. Mexico, then, offered to cede us nine miles cf territory on the Kio Grande, aud a region greater than we loat in the Oregon negotiation embracing S,0(K) square miles eest or tha Kio Urande, partitioned off iroin iew .wexioo, ana --"JI.WMJ square miles west ar the sunio river, of California, with the bays, cf Monterey aud San Francisco ia all, 32.1,00(1 square mile, extending in its greatest length through twenty-fire degrees of longi longitude, - tude, longitude, and covertos; in iUtreateat breadth tiv. degrees of latitude, contilutiug one-fifth of the superbciesof all her territory ; aud. ma equiva Li . al.t. ....... i . . i . . ui iu, mis, wo wum ui assume ine debt cue from her to our citizen, and pay a few millions of dollars. All tker points, in the opinion of me v ommiasio iters, could nave oeen accommo dated, liut, no tlie inexorable demand of this Government was, all of New Mexico! On this point alone tho negotiations were broken off. ,, . j us wii;iin ui uie i miou .xaies will have to decide, at Its next station, whether it will ausuMB Ik Is demand of our Kxoentlre whether it wilt deem the protlcreU cession of California, and recognition of Texas, a sufficient cou cou-cessiou - cessiou cou-cessiou ou the part of a (iler Republic wheth whether - er whether a devastating war, wa.linfc the treasure and blood of the natiou, debasing public morula, tending to the creation of military rule, au; au;-meutitig - meutitig au;-meutitig the power of the Federal Executive, arousing the abhorrence of all Christendom, hll be protracted indefinitely, with a view to despoil a federative Republic of one of her Mates, w hose citizen ate averse to change of allegiance and all this Tor the sake of obtain obtaining - ing obtaining new fields for the benefit of negro slavery. We put the question to every man. North and South, Wmtd Mr- ftlk't AJminittrnlion, trkiek ceded f Gnat ItrUain, tnt half of tlte Oregsa 7Yrrir-, to uhieh Mr. l'olk affirmed "0 eltmr and imiUfuluLU title," intist, at "a tine qua men ef peace," upon the ctttitn, of a torereiga State of Mexico, if it intended that it tkould be lef t a nta-date-hulding State? It meekly gives np free territory, w hich it declares is all its own, rathet thaa incur the horrors of a prospective war; but, though Mexico offers ter territory - ritory territory ef her own more than enough to make good this loss, it it not tmtitdiej, but again in invokes. - vokes. invokes. 'Red Itaille," with his iron hoofs, to lamp a poor, riven, distracted, sister Republic to the dust, becauMo i-he will uot surrender New Mexico! And why? That which she offers to cede is above the magic line dividing freedom from slavery ; will bs consecrated to Liberty, aud is of course worlhletw, while that which the will not cede lie beUw this line, and is doomed by Mr. lluchanau compromise, as endorsed by the Administration, to all tho bitter curses of re-intiluted slavery! Lt t any other reason forsuch a voracious lust of territory be luuipued, sullkieut to satisfy a reasonable mind, if it can be. Those who are williug, nuiy bo deceived: the world will uot; History cannot. It will rend in the prompt oc occupation - cupation occupation of California and New Mexico, at the beginning of the war a policy which could not possibly liuipose the Mevicana t peace, or make it their interest to lu-tea to our overtures a de deliberate - liberate deliberate purpose to seize enough territory to form such a compromise between the different sec sections - tions sections of this L'uiun, as w ould open the way for the perpetuation of slavery and aggrandisement of the Slave Tower; for, had the object of the Administration been to conquer peace, and noth nothing - ing nothing else, it would have concentrated all its ener energies, - gies, energies, in the onset, egains; the heart of .Mexico, uoing at first pre-Mely what It found it expedient to d.) after the military occupation of Culift mia, aud the establishment of a quasi government in New Mexico. But it i a waste of words to undertake to prove what the Administration or;nus admit. They are ail motiug heaven and earth to induce the Americau people to ansent to the application of the Missouri Compromise in relation to new territory that may be acquired. And what is this? That Freedom should exixt above 3t deg. 3' min., and Slavery below it! Aud this Com Compromise - promise Compromise is deliberately, coolly proposed, in the face of the fact that all the territory sought to be acquired from Mexico is now, by its fuuJa fuuJa-meutal - meutal fuuJa-meutal law, incapable of beari ng a slave. The de design, - sign, design, then, is palpablo t abolish this law aud re-institute slavery. We close by quoting from thti Mobile Herald the great argument of the Slave i'owrr against the doctrine. No More T rritory. At the Noith, the servile puer wouhl deceive the people; at the South, politicians have not the same occasion for trickery: "la all alave States," says tho Mobile Her Herald, - ald, Herald, "bordering on ths free States, there is a growing indifference to the institution of slave slavery. - ry. slavery. This results from a variety of reasons. The land in those-States, under the system of agriculture prevailing in the South, i becoming exhausted, and there is every inducement for the planters there to move further South. Slave property in those States it i usee ore, because of the enticements far sUves to make their escape into free territory. This keeps the planter con constantly - stantly constantly uneasy and insecure in his possessions. Delaware is about to abolish slavery, Kentucky is growing ripe for a similar movement, and, in Western Virginia, as we hw by our exchanges yesterday, proposals have been published for the printing of an anti-Msvery paper. these things point Inevi'ably to the time when those States will bo free States; and wd imagine that, when that shall have been consummated, Ten Tennessee - nessee Tennessee and North Carolina wilt noon follow in the same path. The result will lie, that slavery will come down Juriher south. 1 lie natural tendency of the slaves, under our humane poli policy, - cy, policy, i to iacreaw. The effect follows, that if we have no outlet tor tnein, no sou to put tnem iu, they will be huddled within tho extreme Southern limits of the L'nioo, and two conse consequences - quences consequences may follow. By their numbers and the temptations of Abolitiouinm, they will be ren ren-dered - dered ren-dered insubordinate, and the result be too terrible for contemplation; or their excotw may make them profitless, and thoie who own them 1 obliged to set them free voluntarily, or to submit to any plan for the purpose which may be pro proposed - posed proposed by the Government. "These evil may be avoided by taking new territory adapted to slave labor, or. Indeed, by taking any kind of territory in the direction of Mexico. 'The profitable existence of alavery 1 by no mean I incompatible with a more temper ate region, but it ia incompatible with a very dense population. He need plenty of toil to render it valoable. "These am the more obvious reflection which occur, in thinking of this subj-sct. A hundred inferior one miizht ba anggeded, and, indeed. volumes of the most momentous matter might be written on it. Our object, however, is with within - in within our usual brief limits for an article, to sug gest, with a few words a possible, something Which every rUinern reauer.aua, inumxi, every patriotic man in the Union, should seriously ponder on." The "something" which "every patriotic man in the Union" is hereby called upon terioutlt It fader, is, ike neuttity of taking territory from Mttiet by force, Jor tne parpote tj txitnaing, and that ptrpetaoling, Nejrra Slatery.and SUre Ketreuntation! The atrocity oi the nrgament sets all comment at defiance. Statistics or- ths Jew. -In Warsaw among a population of 1G0.00O souls, there are 3S.000 Jews; in the iin;(lora of Ba Bavaria - varia Bavaria 59.292 Jews ; and in die Austrian portion of Italy, 2,975. In the kingJom of VVurteniburr. they are 11, JOG; m the Grand Duchy of Baden, 21,308 ; in Hol Holland, - land, Holland, -52,421) ; in Amsterdam nlone, about 30,000 Jews; France numbers, 84,000; rVarww and iu district, 15,000. There are at present, 40,000 Jews in the town of Tunis, who have ' tmny piaces oi woramp. Bk hot'Disheabtesed. Such who are ashamed of contemptible beginnings will n-ver arrive at considerable endings. Yea, the greatest giant ' was though never a dwiif ) once called an infant; and Uie long. . lm mmmcnted from a htlle point at rtH sViaav - first. Fuller. ' - -

Mr. TtMrs Vpceclt. Mr. Webeter'a peih at tbo Whig Conven Convention - tion Convention is too long for jsjblicatlon In the Exami Examiner. - ner. Examiner. We can only gi e selections. . Tho war with If expo U unnecessary and un unjustifiable, - justifiable, unjustifiable, says Mr. lebster: I have, said, sir, thatwe are engaged iu a war, in inv ouinion UBneeia!r. and iher.r.,.. .... justifiable.' I bold it to U a war unconstitutional ui its origin. , 1 hold to be a w:.r founded upon pretexts, ,bir. tie law of nations, em bodying the general sense of mankind, iuuti nets ns mat the motives or war are good or vic.ous. Where they are fo timed in aeonvictioa of ne necessity, - cessity, necessity, in a sole (kailo to promoUi th public good and defoad tint national interest; it is a good motive. . )7aer they are founded in conviction of sweesBllJ, in a sole desire to pro promote - mote promote the puhlic good ami defend the national in interest, - terest, interest, it lit a good active. Where they are founded in any oblique, purpose, or any unjust purpose, when war Is tseed for conuuewt. for acquisition, "for gala,' for reuown, for the purpose or gratifying" greater ambition, or for party purposes, the Inollvo is vicious. And sir, they go farther anil, maintain this distinc distinction, - tion, distinction, that there ma because for a war which would justify flW wsrsb far as the opposite na na-tioa - tioa na-tioa Is coocerneeVsms' yet not furui-h a rffod motive for a W'aeusSl'gooI Tnolivis"' lor a war, aud require always a pood cause for a war, require something else. They reauire iht tl.J war should not be waned f xcentiuff from cessity, and for its utility to the interests of the country. .Now, sir, the law of nations instructs us that there are wars of pretext. The history of the world proves that there have been, ami we are not without proof that there are. war wseed on pretext, that Is, on pretences where thectiuse axlgned I not the true cause. That, I believe upon my conscience, is the true character of the war now waged against Mexico. I be! eve it to be a war of pretext a war iu which the motive is not distinctly avowed, but in which pretences, after-thouahti', evasions, aud other method are employed to put a case before the community which is not the true case. , I thiuk, sir, there are three pretexts, all nn. founded, upon which this war has been justified, In various modes and oa various oei-Hsir na The President of the Tnited States, In his war message of May, 146, puts the war upon the fact that the Mexican Government have invaded the territory of the I'nited State and hed American blood upon American soli. Now. in my judgment, this is ot the case. The Presi President - dent President of lit) Fuited Statea had ordered the army of the I'. S., as early as January, 1-JC, to more beyond ,what Mexico acknowledged to be the boundary of Texas, and place itself upon the Rio Grande. Arriving there, blood was shed upon the left bank of tho Rio Grande. Was that American soil? That waa soil claimed bv the I'nited States, but w hich Congress had never recognlxed. It was territory claimed by Mexico as firmly aa the city of Mexico itself, and war, at the time, iu the actual possession of Mexico. The most favorable presentment, therefore, is tnis: that we, having a claim to territory of which the other party was in possession, marched 83 army into it to take possesion. Is not that war upon ora side? I am of opinion, therefore, that the declaration In the meag of the 11th May, l?4t, upon which tho act of Congress, of the 13th, was based, the declara tion that war existed "by the act of Mexico." cannot be made out correctly by . auy evideuce to point oi tact. 1 1 so, it was a pretext. J hen again, althoor hthis' waa the miu point upon which the recognition of war was pkced by the 1'rerideut, no soouer was the war de clared, than other causes were resorted to. i tne wbs the refusal of the Mexican Government to receive our minister, where was that ever in id a cause of war, and esiieciallv of Executive wart itecause ine Horerumcnt chooses not to have intercourse with us, is it for the I'miileul to say that that 1 a just cause of war? It is no juHt cause of war: and even were it iust und proper.it is no sudden emergency authorrxin i .. ... ..i .i . . . mo i.irv.nfo Muugi me viovemment im a war, at any moment, to recve advice and to act upon them. I look upon it, therefore, that this ground is a pretext. Well, then, comes another. .Mexico, it is said, had decliued to pay the debts due to Fuited States ciluens from tlieir citizens. I beliove that is true, but it was not put forth aa the cause of war in the message of the President on the Ilth of .May, 1Mb; it Is not in the act of Con gressof the 13th of May. It is not, therefore. the cause put upon record for the act of the Gov eminent. It is an after-thought. And here, again, the matter of debts and claims of citi citizen - zen citizen of the I'nited State upon Mexico ia a mut mutter - ter mutter of long standing. The condition of Mexico was as repreheusibie six months before a it a on that day; but there was manifested no dispo sition to make it a cause of war. To say, there therefore, - fore, therefore, that this war was founded upon the refu refusal - sal refusal of Mexico to pay her debts, is a pretext, aad nothing but a pretext. The motive the purposo of the war what is It r Mr. Webster endorses Mr. Calhoun a declaration If there had beeu no annexation of Texas there had been no war. Hut how did the war grow out of annexation? Here there must bo proper distinction maJe. Mexico wis weak. Mr. Webster had no sympathy with her government, the very worst that existed. He pitied her people. But Mexico had no just cause of complaint that Texas was annexed for Texas was an independent State. But site did take offence. Her minister, Almoule, went home when annexation was effected: the Amer American - ican American minister was refused in Mexico. SaiJ Mr. Webster: I think that the object of this war was simply this: Mr. Polk became President of the United States in March, 145. Iu June, 1845, Sanla Anna was banished from Mexico to Cuba, on what is called "half pay." He seems to hare been discontented with hi situation at Cuba, and I am strongly suspicious that his "half pay" was never paid, i h rough 1P4j, the condition of things between ns and Mexico was thus angry and unsatisfactory. Not to trouble yon, sir, with many dates, al low me to approach a period of some interest. It was in January, itwv, mat tne army oi me United States, which, in the summer preceding, had been ordered to take its position at Corpus Christ!, was now ordered to advance to the Rio Grande. The reason given by Mr. Buchanan, among other things, was, that it might be at band, iu case Air. rMideii was rejected by Aiexico, to act as Congress shonld authorise. Now, there had been an opinion I believe very far back, from the lime of Santa Anna's release from im imprisonment, - prisonment, imprisonment, that he was rather more, favorable to the acknowledgment of Texan independence than other ministers in Mexico. At any rate, after hi banishment by Pared ea, there came a sentiment that he was more favorable to peace with tho I'nited Mate than tho Government then existing. 1 Tho i resident or the U. f. sent his war mes sage to Congress on the 11th dsy of May, 181(1, placing the existence or the war upon the net that Mexico had Invaded our territory, and h.d tho blood of our people. On that rery day ho despatched orders to Com. Connor at Vera Crux that i Mr. Santa Anna came that way lie should let him in. How came it Into Mr. Polk's hoad that Mr. Santa Anna waa likely to come that war? 'At about the same time, if I remem ber right, Mr. Alexander Slidell, tho brother of our minister to Mexico, was depatched to Cubit. It appears from, tho correspondence that tho United States had an agent in Cuba. It ia notorious that it was a matter of public coo versa tlon in Cuba that Gen. Santa Anna waa to return to Mexico upon the invitation of the President of the United States. Mark the coincidence of time and purpose. The Presi dent said In his communication at the opening of tho session of the last Congress that ho did not see any prospect or putting aa cad to oor difficulties while Paredea was in power. What were our difficulties? Oar chlet difficulty was that Mexico would not assent to the annexation of Tenaa Now. sir, I draw the attention of this meet ing to a matter well enough known, but. which, it seems to me, has not received the weight, the scrutiny, which it deserve. - I again repeat that the war message ef tho 11th ef May placed the war upon the gronnd of actual invmsioa bj Msxicaa troops, and tho murder of American citizens upon Amerioan ground. Before ths 1st of Jnn m proclamation was drawn up,

I unu win ("peaking the lauguage of liumaiilly and frcedoin, PreKiUeiit Tyler, through hiaCabi net, was arguing in favor of human bondage, sud deprticaiiug emnbcipatiou in a neighboring Republic aaau evil of the most serious magni magnitude. - tude. magnitude. While the guards cf the Eey, ctothed with his authority, have razed to their foahda foahda-tiousi'ue - tiousi'ue foahda-tiousi'ue horrible clave-iuarkets of Tunis, the rreshienta of our Republics have pledged thero thero-sIves - sIves thero-sIves to prereut the pa.inapn of a bill for the abolition of the slave-jails iu iti capita!. In the debute on the reception of pelilioni for the abolitisn, of slavery and the lave trade in the Diatticl of Columbia, inlC, the present Secretary of the Treasury declared, that if sla very snouid do auonsiieu iu tne Di.tnct, no Southern, man could legiiilatn there. Fairly overwhcltnod with (he enormitv of the meaiure prupooed by the Abolitiouinta, lie exclaimed, in tones of tragic solemnity, "Oh, my country ! Are we American Senators, and ia this the Sen ate Otainlwr of the Aineri'-au Union in which we are compelled to debate stu b a proposition as this!" Is the Creacnt to be the symbol of free dom, and the Cross of slavery? Shull Uio priests of ths IliUe defend and tuunciiojl oppress jn and luliumauily, which the prieata cf Uie Koran can uo loiiger justify f Once more we ask, in all earnestness and so- leiiinity.a question of the gmvett import. Let it rli'j ia the earn of Diriiitendoiii. Sh.mj.iiir BiiLr I ahi avi iiik Uoxi d? J. Ii. W. Tlie aame writer dironriiig on Went India Emancipation says: Our travelers state, as a reneral fact, that. whenever the negro class can obtain land by rent or actual purchase at a fair rate, they eagerly embrace the opportunity, and are fouu-1 to in crease iu weaitli and the appear uces of domes tic comfort. Many thousand of them ere em ployed on liar targe sugar ealatca a t art of the scanon, and ar, at the sjme time enjoy .ng tlieir n cuniiunauie iiiiie ircenoics. .eariy twen twenty - ty twenty thousand of these smull evtate have been pur chased la Jamaica aloue, siuce lKit. It is not to be deuied that this vast improvement in the temporal condition of the laborers hasondoubt- y citniuUlio d the number of those who are williug to work as f: U hauos on the sugar ilantations. In consequeuce of the excessive drought for several neurons, some of the plant plant-nrs - nrs plant-nrs have been una We to pay thoir haud puuc- t aally, and three have profi-nedo trust to their own akili and induntrv hereuuer. in procuriir livelihood from their irc vision r round. This is one of the causes of the diminution of the surar crop tf the iadaud. In respect to the eilect of this diminution uio4 Iho nluuters themselves, the authors of the 'Notes'" Ufors ns remarks: The quantity of sucar producrd in our West India IrtUnds uiuot uot be used as the standard by which to iuJgecf the lieppim-ss of their iu iu-habitauts. - habitauts. iu-habitauts. It may I that the meana fortiie dis.plav of wealth has been red jcel iu some Cdses, but take a view of the sjjrgHt. and we shall Cud that the comforts, if n)t tae luxuries cf lile, are far more ditTused; that display el wealth was fictiUoUM, the comfoils are real; the one was frequently obtained by mousy borrow ed ou mortgaged estate, the other is earned by frugally saviug the excess tf income over ex(ndi- ure. It ia douLllef) true that tins creal maessre of emaucipatiou bas in some cases borne heavily upon proprietor, vbnw iiatiils preiuUK-es, and fJe notions of economy, have not arrotnmo- led themseivitt to the new state of tliius. As at every important step, by which a commu community - nity community advances towards a hirlier civilization, in- dividuals. nnrrenared for the chanrs, are found suffering and lamenting amicat the general amelioration the victim of past error, rather than t the uew movement which dis places it so iti the mighty stride of the llritfuh et Indies from feuiaiinn an J serhsm to the condition of cuiiul and impartial freedom there have not been wauliiif iudaucet of apparent bardvhip and diwister among the proprietors of the ulands. The evils of the great social w rong of Slavery had taken too deep a hold of master and slave to be altogether eradicated by the dis dissolution - solution dissolution of the uunatural connection. The present generation of both dieses mutt pirns away, before the beautiful order of Freedom can fully establish ilself upon a territory cursed for wearv centuries with nytem a litli transform ed the one into luxurious despots, and the other iutoreckless and ignora tit slaves. And the editor of this Journal, commenting on the negotiations in Mexico, writes as fol follows: - lows: follows: Oil what poltiLi, then, were the negotiations broken offT Tae report made by the Mexican Commissioners to their Government, exp'ains: "The point n jon w hich, as a result of the tits- enwion, the negotiation stopped, was this: Mr. Trist showed himself disposed to abandon his first pretension to Lower California, an'l to a part of I'pjMT California, by which the former might communicate by land with Sonon. He ofl'ered, that if there remained no other point of c'ifToreuce for the conclusion of peace than thnt relative to the territory which is comprised bet ween the Ilravo and the N uecea, lie woul J con sult hi Government upon it, with some hope of a pood result, although this step munt crcasion a uelay oi lorty JU aavs in inr nej;oii.iin. um the cession of New Mexico on our part was a coudition which could not be yielded; nor would he refer It anew to Waahltpton.as he was quite certain his Government deemed it a condition tine nam of peace. The other points refer referred - red referred to in the drift seemed to u uttainahle by adopting on both aides terms of accommodation . Such, at least, was tne opinion men wriunura at the conferenc-is." It must be botne in mind that we have not yet full accounts of the course of the nefcotia nefcotia-tions. - tions. nefcotia-tions. The intelligent correspondent of the New Orleans paier, writiug from Vera Crux, September 21 st, says: 'I think I have already menuontu to you uiai the Mexican Government, in attempting to treat with Mr. Trlst, offered as niue miles np the Del Norte from the mouth: and from thence to a certain point, the land between the Bravo and r . i ...j i. . , INueces should remain neuirai; ana, iriu m point, a line parallel with A o. lai. uius giving us the Hay of San Francis en, and a lit lit-tU - tU lit-tU ia ths south: so I think, let the scattered Government be where it will, they will now be glad to save theirconntry by giving ui a reason reasonable - able reasonable slice." Supposinr this to be true, the first esseatial difference between the two Governments was re reduced - duced reduced to a very narrow compass. The strip of territory in dispute between the Naeces and the Uio Grande del Norte, is not a degree in width, and lies along between !H deg. a nd 102 deg. west longitude. This narrow, worthies mi oi una Mexico wishes for a boundary, ami was willing to bind herself to plant no new col lules upon it. W An not wander, therefore, mat sir. i nt-i who was iu the State Department when the Ad--j ministration, after having positively enin.iei and clearly demonstrated the title tf the I mted States to the Oregon Territory up to 54 deg. 40 mia., at last, to avoid tha horrors c f war, gave up lis claim to fire decrees forty irlnulos, bring bringing - ing bringing down the boundary of the Territory to 4'J deg should entertain some hope that the aame Ariininiatralinn. lor uie Sake OI siuwius mo gei of actnal war, would be willing to yield it claims over an Insignificant strip of territory, not one-tenth as large. The Washington t;s caunot think he wool! be guilty of such an ab ab-.nrHilv. - .nrHilv. ab-.nrHilv. fViremttinirthat Mr. Trist could not op pose that more value would bo attached by hi Government to a tract of land on cmr Southern border, only one dcere in wlcth, ranging through fonr degrees of longitude, lhaa to a vast tract of land oa our North western border, five nt a Imif Heirreea wiiie. and raniinir from 114 ta 130 deirreeo west loncitude. RJolIect, then, that the first point of essential, though, as Mr. TVi.t it.onirkt. nni irnwoacilabla dJrerence.was, the aovereignty over a paltry patch of soil, scarcely fit for human habitation. The aecond polat of difference w;.i thecwion ctt Vh Mevtr.a: "The cession or New Mexko oa oor part was a condiUoa whinh couU not be yielded ; not would hs refer ii snnw to WashloetOD, U DO .. null. .wuli hia f.flrnmoiit deemed it condition si as ooa nca of peace. Tbo Other e.;.i. ..r tm. i thai elraft see wed to at Uituhlo by adopting oa both tldoa term of nc

it He Is a cold, calculating, aad simply rea reasoning - soning reasoning being guided merely by political essr- sideration actaaled alons by political ends. But Mr. Webster continues: wa . . 1 no war exists. Buppoae it to coatiaao till the next meeting of Congress. What is it tho dty of a goad cithren and good Whig to do? " snt i say iur one, mat I suppose it to bo trno that tha next Hons at RcnreacaLativaa ia Caa. greso will bo composed of a Whig majority. I think wo have bad tottm 'of denunciation from the North aad the South, from Uie W mmA tha Want, suffkisnt to etvsaro ns tbal result, although it will be a very mat chaare. Suhdom thai i. be the ease. I say at once, unless tho President ef the United Statea ahail make oat n ess, wbica shall show to Congress) that tbo war is prosecuted for ne purpose of acqaiaitioa or da. aninioa for no purpose not connected directly With tho safety of this Uaioa. then they aagkt at to grant may farther taliet. If we depart from that, if wo say that on tho propriety af a war, or oa tbo necessity at a war, began or to be been a, Congress has no voice, no Coastiln Coastiln-tional - tional Coastiln-tional power, wo obliterate tho ConslUation. Heceactoded aa follows: What waa done la tho Adiuiaietratiaa at Mr iM 1 lasua ji btSv 4h etas af ji. 1 wuu r.i!giao.n lie placed his terms of peace before Congress; I will not advert to thetn, bat they were such as were strenrly calculated to c reals this disposition in Congress; that a pan these urm, now offered, if Groat Britain does not make peace we will not vola to refuse sup supplies, - plies, supplies, bnt we will prosecate tho war to tbo end. tt so nappeaed thai Great Britain did make peace, and we were not called a dob for suuniiea. Certainly il is essential to tho liberty af a re representative - presentative representative Government that the representative bodies which have tho power and tho only pow power - er power to make war, should hold a cognisance ever oi-jecis lor wnwa war is prosacnUd, and if they think that the war originated in tho mis. chiev.ns purpose which I have been disenssinr. il is their business, their solemn duty lo nut an end to it That is my iudrmenU I have as much respect for distinguished mili tary achievement., I hope, as any man used to have, I honor those who, being called opon by tho course of professional duty, to bear arms ia tho cause of their country, perform that duty well. I would not see aa v of their laurels with ered; bnt I am bound to say here, and even to tnem, that tbo solemn adjudication of the law of nations, aad tbo sentiment of tho world is, that a war waged for vicious motivea tarnishes even the lustre of anna, and darkens, sadly dark darkens, - ens, darkens, if it does aot blot, what would otherwise bo a bright aad glorious page ia aatonal history. 1 am sorry, sir, to perform what may have been expected of mo on this occasion so imper imperfectly; - fectly; imperfectly; but I say to the Whigs of Massachusetts, let ns suna oy oar principles. There is hope, there ia confidence, aad ths re is trust, and he, every oae, who honestly and sincerely does bis duty as a good citixen, in regard to public qoes- uvus, win aasureciy save nimaeir, and may help to save the conn try. It Is no moment for shrinking or tillering. It is no moment for go going - ing going to extremes oa the right or on the left. Let ns stand on oar established principles and opin opinions. - ions. opinions. Let ns maintain our allegiance to the Constitution under which wo live. Let as re regard - gard regard thos gr-al names thai have gone before ua, and have illustrated our principles In their administration of tho Government. We may not see our way out of the present crisis. We may be tossed on aa ocean where we caaaot dis discern - cern discern the land, where we cannot even discern the son'. What then is oordnty? Let ns study onr chart, and let ns obey the compass; that chart is the Constitution of Uio country; that com compass - pass compass is an honest, single idea. Lo5ckvitt. There is nothing in the system of nature which in our present state of k notvledge appears so unintelligible as the scale of longevity. It must be admit admitted, - ted, admitted, indeed, that our knowlrdg opon Uiu subject is vety imperfect ; but all that is known of domesticated animals nd the accidental facts which have been preserved concerning others, tend to the strange re result, - sult, result, that longevity bears no relation either to strength, size, complexity of organiza organization, - tion, organization, or intellectual power. True it is that birds, - which seem ta rank, higher than beasts in lhe at ale of being, are also much longer lived. Thirty w a great age for a horse, dogs tftmlly live only front fourteen years to twenty ; but it is known that the goose and the hawk exceed a century. But foh, evidently a lower rank in creation than either, are longer lived than birds ; it has been said of some species, and of cer certain - tain certain snakes also, that they grow as long as they live, and as far as we know, live till some accident puts an end to their indefi nite term of lite. And the toad ! if cannot indeed be said that the toad lives Ibr ever, but ninny of these animals who vere cased up ot th geneia deluge, are likely to live till they are baked in their cells at the gen eral conflagration. Soulhty. ' DirrrcrjLTY or Uiilectiss. Examine the journals of our zealous missionaries, 1 will not say among the Hrstcntots or Esqui maux, but in-the highly civilized, though fearfully uncultivated inhabitants of ancient India. How often, and how feelingly, do they describe the difficulty of rendering the simplest chain of thought Intelligible to die ordinary natives, the rapid exhaustion of their whole power of attention, and with what distressful eflt it is exerted whilst it lasts ! Vet it is among these that the hide ous practices of jelf torture chiefly prevail. O if folly were Ao easier than wisdom, it bein? often so much more grievous, how certainly migh these unhappy slaves of su superstition - perstition superstition be converted to Christianity ! But, alas ! to swLig by hooks passed through the back, or to walk in shoes with nails of iron pointed nprards through the soles all this is so much less difficult, demands so much less exer.ion of the will, than to renec, and by reflection to gain knowledge and tran quility Coleridge. LvricixcK or Faith ox ths Lvtkllcct asp tie ArrtcTtoss. Never yet did there exist a lull lailh in the Divine Word, (by whom light as well as immortality was brought into the world,) which did not ex pand the intellect while it purified the htart, which did not multiply the aims and objects of the understanding, while it fixed and simplified those of the desires and pasona. Coleridge. ' The fortunate have many, . parasites ; Hom is the only one that vouchsafes at tendance upon the wretched and the beggar stheiulone. More men know how to get enough, than when they, have gotten enough, which caused, their covetoasness to increase with their wealth. FuRer. A plain, downright, 6pen hearted fcllow's conversation ia as insipid, says Sir Plume, as a play without a plot ; it does afford one .1 e .i ' I OI . tne amusement ot uinaung. tSMnsunu. i- t.tltmamT And though their sool be the (attest who only suck the sweet milk, they are the heailhfuUeat who (to use the Latin phrase) have tasted of both the breasts of ibrtnne. Fuller. Love will make the whole wall i gate. to procure its own escape. "