Lincoln County, Missouri - Chapter 6, 1888 (part 4 of 4)

-The next General Assembly which convened at Jefferson City, on November 1, proceeded to enact a registry law, which, on account of its stringency, occasioned much violence and disorder in its enforcement. The " Ousting Ordinance," for vacating certain civil offices, was also attended with unpleasant results. That portion of the ninth section in regard to ministers, lawyers and teachers excited so much trouble in the State that B. Gratz Brown, Carl Schurz and other leading Republicans set on foot December, 1866, a movement which had for its object universal amnesty and enfranchisement. The movement soon became popular throughout the State, and, in his message to the Twenty-

Fourth General Assembly, January, 1867, Gov. Fletcher recommended an amendment to the constitution, striking out the ninth section of the second article. At this session of the Legislature a constitutional amendment was submitted to the people proposing to strike the word " white " from the eighteenth section of the second article, and thus inaugurate negro suffrage in Missouri. While this amendment was under consideration in the House, Mr. Orrick of St. Charles proposed to strike out not only the word "white " but also the word "male." This effort in behalf of female suffrage was rejected ; and at the election of the people in November, 1868, negro suffrage was also defeated by a majority of 18,817 votes.

The adjourned session of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly, which met on January 5, 1870, accomplished important work in several directions.

Gov. Joseph W. McClurg recommended in his message the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the constitution of the United States, passed by Congress on February 27, 1869, and transmitted to the General Assembly at the same time a copy of the amendment as follows:

Article Xv

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.

Immediately upon the reading of the amendment, a joint resolution ratifying it was introduced into the Senate, and was speedily adopted by both Houses of the Legislature.

Divisions In The Republican Party

The differences of opinion regarding universal amnesty and enfranchisement were rapidly assuming the proportions of discord and disintegration ; and the Republican party in the State became divided in sentiment as well as in name, being known respectively as Radicals and Liberals; the former maintaining a severe, and the latter a more magnanimous policy toward those who had complicity with the Rebellion. The Democrats, owing to the stringent registry laws, were in a hopeless minority, and attached lh unselves to the Liberal Republicans, believing that 1>\ this course they might best aid their disfranchised brethren? and eventi ally gain control of State politics. The State Nominating Convention, which met at Jefferson City on August 31, 370, witnessed the final division of the Republicans. The platforms t tlm two branches of the party, differed chiefly in regard bo enfranchisement, and the articles embodying their respective sentiments were as follows:

Majority Or Liberal Platform

Fourth. That the time has come when the requirements of public safety, upon which alone the disfranchisement of a large number of citizens could be justified, has clearlyjceased to exist, and this convention, therefore, true to the solemn pledges recordedMn our National and State platforms, declares itself unequivocally in favor of the adoption of the constitutional amendments commonly called the suffrage and office-holding amendments, believing that under existing circumstances the removal of political disabilities, as well as the extension of equal political rights and privileges to all classes of citizens, without distinctions, is demanded by every consideration of, good faith, patriotism and souud policy, and essential to the integrity of Republican institutions, to the welfare of the State, and to the honor and preservation of the Republican party.

Minority Or Radical Platform

Third. That we are in favor of re-enfranchising those justly disfranchised for participation in the late Rebellion, as soon as it can be done with safety to the St;ite, and that we concur in the propriety of the Legislature having submitted to the whole people of the State the question .whether such time has now arrived; upon which question we recognize the right of any member of the party to vote his honest convictions.

The two reports being before the convention, the report of the minority was adopted, whereupon about 250 delegates, friends of the majority report, led by Mr. Schurz, withdrew, organized a separate convention, and nominated a full State ticket, with B. Gratz Brown as a candidate for Governor. The other convention also nominated a full ticket, headed by Joseph W. McClurg for Governor, at that time incumbent of the office.

The election of November, 1870, resulted in the choice of the B. Gratz Brown ticket by a majority of over 40,000 Liberal and Democratic votes. This election marks the period at which the Republicans, who had been for eight years in the ascendency, surrendered the power which they have since been unable to regain.

The Murders At Gun City

During the administration of Gov. Brown, a bloody infraction of the public peace occurred at Gun City, a small station on the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad, in Cass County.

Judge J. C. Stevenson was one of the judges of the late county court of Cass County, that had made a fraudulent issue of bonds in the name of the county, thereby imposing heavy burdens upon the taxpayers. James C. Cline was county attorney, and was implicated in the swindle, and Thomas E. Detro was one of Cline's bondsmen. Both Stevenson and Cline had been indicted, and were under heavy bonds to answer for the offense with which they were charged. All of these men, together with Gen. Jo. Shelby, were on the eastern bound train which reached Gun City on Wednesday, April 24, 1872. At this place logs, rails and rocks were found piled upon the track, and seventy or eighty masked and armed men compelled the engineer and fireman to leave the locomotive, and then commenced a terrible fusilade into and around the captured train. Loud cries were made for Cline, who stepped out on the platform, and was instantly riddled with bullets. The murderers then rushed through the train calling for the "bond robbers." They shot Judge Stevenson down in the car, and afterward dragged him out on the grass. Mr. Detro they found in the mail car, and, after severely wounding him, threw him on the roadside, where he was allowed to bleed to death. The gang then called for Gen. Jo. Shelby, but his intrepidity saved him, as he coolly kept his seat, replying, " Here I am ; if you want me come and get me."

Gov. Brown at once took measures to bring the murderers to justice, but they were never discovered. No further disturbance occurred, however.

Amendments To The State Constitotion

At an adjourned session of the Twenty-sixth General Assembly, which convened December 6, 1871, two constitutional amendments had been submitted to the votes of the people.

to live, fixing their term of office at ten years, and providing that two additional judges Bhould 1><4 elected at the general election in 1^7-, and one judge at each general election, every two years thereafter.

The second provided that no part of the public school fund should ever be invested in the stock or bonds or other obligations of any other State, or of any county, city, town or cor poration; that the stock of the bank of the State of Missouri, held for school purposes, and all other stocks belonging to any school or university fund, should be sold in such manner and at such time as the General Assembly should prescribe; and the proceeds thereof, and the proceeds of the sales of any lands or other property which belonged or might hereafter belong to said school fund, should be invested in the bonds of the State of Missouri, or of the United States, and that all county school funds should be loaned upon good and sufficient and unincumbered real estate security, with personal security in addition thereto.

Revision Of The State Constitution

During an adjourned session of the Legislature, which met on January 7, 1874, a law had been passed authorizing a vote of the people to be taken at the general election in November, 1874, for and against calling a convention to revise and amend the constitution of the State. This convention was agreed to by a majority of only 283. An election for delegates took place on January 26, 1875. On May 5 of the same year the convention assembled at the Capitol. It consisted of sixty-eight members, sixty of whom were Democrats, six Republicans, and two Liberals. A thorough revision of the entire organic law was made, both in committee and in convention. Every department of the State Government passed under review, and many important changes were made, which can not be discussed here, but they are familiar to every well-informed citizen of the State.

The bill of rights occasioned much discussion. County representation, which has been a feature of every State constitution, including the first, was still maintained in spite of opposition. Carefully prepared and stringent limitations on the powers of the General Assembly were engrafted on the new instrument.

Sessions of the Legislature were made biennial, and the gubernatorial term changed from two to four years. The formation of new counties was made extremely difficult or impossible. The power of the Legislature, and of counties, cities, towns and all other municipalities, to levy taxes and contract debts, was hedged about with limitations and safeguards. Extra mileage and perquisites to officials were laid under embargo. Our system of free public schools, embracing a liberal policy for the maintenance of the State University, received recognition in the article on education. The final vote on the adoption of the constitution as a whole stood - ayes, sixty; noes, none; absent, eight. October 30, 1875, the people ratified the constitution by a majority of 76,688, and on the 30th of November, 1875, it became the supreme law.

In 1880, Thomas T. Crittenden, of Johnson County, received the Democratic nomination for Governor of Missouri, and was elected in November of that year. Gov. Crittenden's competitors for the nomination were Gen. John S. Marmaduke, of St. Louis, and John A. Hockaday, of Callaway County. In his inaugural address, he recommended refunding at a lower rate of interest all that part of the State debt which could be thus refunded; some measures for the relief of the docket of the supreme court of the State, and a compromise of the indebtedness of several counties. He also condemned in the strongest terms the doctrine of repudiation.

Gov. Crittenden is bv birth a Kentuckian - a direct descendant of the old Crittenden stock so long and deservedly prominent and popular in the State of Kentucky. Though himself a slaveholder, at the outbreak of our Civil War he espoused the cause of the Union, and no braver officer than he ever faced an army. At the close of the war he was found in the front rank of the conservative portion of the people, who contended that peace should prevail, and the bitter animosities of the past be forgotten.

He was sent to Congress, where, in more than one instance he proved his integrity. Throughout his entire career, no stain of venality adhered to his fair name, and no act of violence characterized his discharge of any duty.

Under his guiding hand, the credit of the State advanced to a par with that of the Federal Government; the debt of the State gradually diminished, and all of her educational interests fostered and nourished.

When Go\. Crittenden took charge of the helm of State, a portion of the border was infested with a lawless band of thieves and murderers, known as the " James Gang, " who murdered without pity, and robbed without regard to person. He resolved to disband them. Soon some of the most desperate of the gang were in the hands of the officers, and, in one instance, when resistance and rescue were threatened, Gov. Crittenden attended the trial in person, with a few chosen friends, determined to defend the supremacy of the law with his life if necessary.

One by one, the members of this gang were hunted down and sent to the penitentiary, and finally Jesse James was shot at St. Joseph by the "Ford Boys,' former comrades, who had been employed to capture him.

Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Controversy

By continued legislation, commencing with the act approved February 22, 1851, and ending with that of March 26, 1881, the State of Missouri granted liberal aid in the construction of railroads within her boundaries. The Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad was among the enterprises thus assisted, and, for its construction, bonds of the State amounting to $3,000,000, bearing interest at 6 per cent per annum, payable semi-annually, were issued. One-half of these bonds were issued under the act of 1851, and the remainder under the act of 1855. The former were to run twenty years, and the latter thirty years. Some of these bonds have since been funded and renewed. Coupons for the interest of the entire $3,000,000 were executed and made payable in New York. The acts under which the bonds were issued contain various provisions designed to secure the State against loss and to make it certain that the railroad company would be bound to pay the principal and interest at maturity. It was especially made the duty of the railroad company to save the State from any and all loss on account of said bonds and coupons. The State treasurer was not to advance any money to meet either principal or interest. The State contracted with the railroad company for complete indemnity. Neither was she required to relinquish her statutory mortgage lien, except upon the payment into her treasury of a sum of money equal to the entire indebtedness incurred by the railroad company on account of the issue and loan of her bonds.

In June, 1881, the railroad company, through its attorney, George W. Easley, Esq., paid into the State treasury $3,000,000, and asked for a receipt in full of all dues to the State. The treasurer, Mr. Philip E. Chappell, refused to give such a receipt, but instead gave a receipt for the sum "on account." Although the debt was not due, the officers of the railroad wished to pay it at this time in order to save the interest. They first asked for the bonds of the road, but these the State refused to give up. They then demanded that the $3,000,000 be paid back, and this demand was also refused. The railroad company then brought suit in the United States Court for an equitable settlement of the matter in dispute. The $3,000,000 had been deposited in a bank by the State authorities, and was drawing interest at the rate of only one-fourth of one per cent. The railroad company asked that this money should be invested so as to yield a larger amount of interest, which interest should be allowed to its credit, in case anything should be found due from it to the State. Justice Miller, of the United States supreme court, who heard the case upon preliminary injunction in the spring of 1882, decided that the unpaid and unmatured coupons constituted a liability of the State, and a debt owing, though not due, and that until these were provided for, the State was not bound to assign her lien upon the road.

Another question which was raised but not decided was whether any, or if so, what account the State ought to render for the use of the money paid into the treasury by the complainants, June 20; and whether she could hold so large a sum of monev, refusing to make any account of it, and yet insisting that the railroad company should make full payment of all the outstanding coupons.

or got this money into her possession, is under a moral obligation (and I do not pretend to commit anybody as to how far its legal obligation goes) to so use that money as, so far as possible, to protect the parties who have paid it against the loss of the interest which it might accumulate, and which would go to extinguish the interest on the State's obligation."

February 25, 1881, Gov. Crittenden sent a special message to the Legislature in which he informed that body of the intention of the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad Company to discharge the full amount of what it considered its present indebtedness to the State, and advised that arrangements be made for the profitable disposal of the sum as soon as paid. In response to this message the Legislature passed an act March 26, the second section of which is as follows:

Sec. 2. Whenever there is sufficient money in the sinking fund to redeem or purchase one or more of the bonds of the State of Missouri, such sum is hereby appropriated for such purpose, and the Fund Commissioners shall immediately call in for payment a like amount of the option bonds of the State, known as the "5-20 bonds," provided, that if there are no option bonds which can be called in for payment they may invest such money in the purchase of any of the bonds of the State, or bonds of the United States, the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad bonds excepted.

On the 1st of January, 1882, the regular semi-annual payment of interest on the railroad bonds became due, but the company refused to pay, claiming that it had already discharged the principal, and consequently was not liable for the interest. Thereupon, according to the provisions of the aiding act of 1885, Gov. Crittenden advertised the road for sale in default of the payment of interest. The company then brought suit before United States Circuit Judge McCrary at Keokuk, Iowa, to enjoin the State from selling the road, and for such other and further relief as the court might see fit and proper to grant. August 2, 1882, Judge McCrary delivered his opinion and judgment as follows:

" First. That the payment by complainants into the treasury of the State of the sum of $3,000,000 on the 26th of June, 1881, did not satisfy the claim of the State in full, nor entitle complainants to an assignment of the State's statutory mortgage.

sary delay in the securities named in the act of March 26, 1881, or some of them, and so as to save the State as large a sum as possible, which sum so saved would have constituted as between the State and complainants a credit pro tanto upon the unmatured coupons now in controversy.

" Third. That the rights and equity of the parties are to be determined upon the foregoing principles, and the State must stand charged with what would have been realized if the act of March, 1881, had been complied with. It only remains to consider what the rights of the parties are upon the principles here stated.

" In order to save the State from loss on account of the default of the railroad company, a further sum must be paid. In order to determine what that further sum is, an accounting must be had. The question to be settled by the accounting is, how much would the State have lost if the provisions of the act of March, 1881, had been complied with? * * * * I think a perfectly fair basis of settlement would be to hold the State liable for whatever could have been saved by the prompt execution of said act by taking up such 5-20 option bonds of the State as were subject to call when the money was paid to the State, anu investing the remainder of the funds in the bonds of the United States at the market rates.

" Upon this basis a calculation can be made, and the exact sum still to be paid by the complainants in order to fully indemnify and protect the State can be ascertained. For the purpose of stating an account upon this basis, and of determining the sum to be paid by the complainants to the State, the cause will be referred to John K. Cravens, one of the masters of this court. In determining the time when the investment should have been made under the act of March, 1881, the master will allow a reasonable period for the time of the receipt of the said sum of $3,000,000 by the treasurer of the State - that is to say, such time as would have been required for that purpose had the officers charged with the duty of making said investment used reasonable diligence in its discharge.

which installment amounts to less than the sum which the company must pay in order to discharge its liabilities to the State upon the theory of this opinion. The order will therefore be that an injunction be granted to enjoin the sale of the road upon the payment of the said installment of interest due January 1, 1882, and if such payment is made, the master will take it into account in making the computation above mentioned.' '

The Election Of 1884

The campaign of 1884, both nationally and in the State, was the most hotly contested of any this country has ever seen. In Missouri an alliance was effected between the Republican and Greenback parties, and a ticket headed by the name of Nicholas Ford, of St. Joseph, and called the " Anti-Bourbon ticket," was put into the field against the Democracy, headed by Gen. John S. Marmaduke, of St. Louis. A third party, known as Prohibitionists, exercised considerable influence in the canvass. The "Anti- Bourbon " party made their fight against the record of the Democrats, who had been in uninterrupted power for twelve years, and especially against the tendency of the Democracy to recognize and reward men who had been in rebellion during the Civil War. This plea, owing to the nomination of Marmaduke, who had been a Confederate general, was of considerable service to the opponents of Democracy, and came near securing the defeat of the party. The campaign on the part of the Democrats was mainly a defensive one; while John A. Brooks, the Prohibition candidate, urged that neither Ford nor Marmaduke should be elected, pledging himself in favor of submitting a constitutional amendment to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors. Mr. Brooks made a strong fight, and polled nearly 10,000 votes. Marmaduke was elected by a majority of less than 2,000, although the Cleveland electors carried the State by about 30,000. All of the Democratic State ticket was elected by varying majorities, and also twelve out of fourteen congressmen were chosen by the same party.

Nothwithstanding the opposition manifested toward him Gov. Marmaduke made an excellent career as an Executive, discharging his duties in an impartial, conservative manner. On Tues- day, December, 27, 1887, news of the sudden and serious illness of the Governor was spread over the country. This was soon followed, on the evening of December 28, by tidings of his death. Lieut. -Gov. Morehouse subsequently qualified as Governor of the State, and is the present incumbent of the position.

The Early Courts

As the District of Louisiana was for many years under the dominion of Spain, it became necessary for the early lawyers to acquaint themselves with Spanish civil and criminal laws. This they uniformly did, and even after the district came into the possession of the United States the rules which obtained in the Spanish and French courts were still clung to. Until the District was purchased by the United States, the administration or execution of the laws was in the hands of the civil and military commandants, who in most instances were both ill-informed and arbitrary. In 1804 Congress extended the executive power of the Territory of Indiana over that of Louisiana, and the execution of the laws of what is now Missouri fell to William Henrv Harrison, Governor, and Griffin, Vanderburg and Davis, judges. The first courts were held in the winter of 1804-05 in the old fort near the junction of Fifth and Walnut Streets, St. Louis, and were called courts of common pleas. In March, 1805, the District of Louisiana was changed to the Territory of Louisiana, and James Wilkinson became Governor; Frederick Bates, secretary; and James Wilkinson, Return J. Meigs and J. B. C. Lucas, judges of the superior court of the Territory. At this time the executive offices were in the old government building called La Place d? Armes, St. Louis. The districts of the Territory were changed to counties, Territorial courts superseded the commandants, and the rules of the English common law soon banished those of France and Spain. Courts of common pleas were established by the Territorial Legislature in 1813. Since the formation of the State Government the constitution and the Legislature have provided the number and character of the State courts.

Public And Private Schools

"one school or more shall be established in each township as soon as practicable and necessary, where the poor shall be taught gratis.'' It was not until 1839 that the school system was divested of the clause limiting its benefits to the poor. At that date provision was made for a State superintendent of public instruction, for a county board of education, and for a township board. From that time forward the system has steadily grown in usefulness and power. Its greatest growth succeeded the Civil War. Now not less than 25 per cent of the State's revenue, exclusive of the sinking fund and interest, is devoted to the support of the public schools.

Before the establishment of the free school system, education throughout the State was obtained wholly from private institutions of learning. The University of Missouri was founded about the time the State was admitted to the Federal Union, when two townships of land were granted for the support of a seminary of learning. In 1832 this land was sold for less than $75,000, but by 1839 this amount had grown to over $100,000. In the latter year the site was selected for the University at Columbia, which offered a bonus of $117,500 to secure the location - a remarkable offering for that day. The corner-stone was laid in 1840, and John H. Lathrop, D. D., became the first president. To this institution the following departments have since been added: normal department, 1868; agricultural and mechanical college, 1870; schools of mines and metallurgy, 1871, at Holla; college of Ipw, 1872; medical college, 1873; department of analytical and applied chemistry, 1873; architecture, engineering, mechanical and fine arts, etc. The State may well be proud of this institution.

St. Louis University was established in 1829, and has become one of the best educational institutions of the country. Since the war the State has founded an educational institution for colored people - Lincoln Institute, at Jefferson City - which is supported by an annual appropriation. Several normal colleges have also been established by the Legislature, which contribute materially toward the elevation of the standard of education in the State. In nearly every county is a seminary, academy, college, or university, supported by tuition or endowments, and controlled by some sectarian organization, or by a non-sectarian association. In 1817 the Legislature incorporated the board of trustees of the St. Louis public schools, and this was the commencement of the present system. The first board was Gen. William Clarke, William C. Carr, Thomas H. Benton, Bernard Pratt, Auguste Chouteau, Alexander McNair and John P. Cabanne. Much should have been, and was, expected of this board, owing to their prominence and ability, but theyVlid little or nothing, and it was not until twenty years later that the system sprang into life.

Baptist. - The first Baptist Church organized in what is now the State of Missouri was founded near the present site of Jackson, Cape Girardeau County, in 1806, under the labors of Rev. D. Green. The growth of the denomination has been marked. It has gone steadily on in its increase, until now it marshals a great host, and it is still rapidly enlarging in numbers, and advancing in intelligence and general thrift. The annual report of the Baptist General Association of Missouri, for 1875, gives the following statistics: 61 district associations; 1,400 churches; 824 ordained ministers; 89,650 members. The Bible and Publication Society, with headquarters at Philadelphia, has a branch house at St. Louis which has become one of the chief book establishments of the State. The Baptist periodicals of the State are the Central Baptist and Ford's Repository, both published in St. Louis. The Baptist seats of learning in Missouri are William Jewell College, Liberty; Stephens' College, Columbia; Mt. Pleasant College, Huntsville; Baptist Female College, Lexington; La Grange College, La Grange ; Baptist College, Louisiana ; Liberty Female College, Liberty ; St. Louis Seminary for Young Ladies, Trnning's Station; Fairview Female Seminary, Jackson; Boonville Seminary for Young Ladies; North Grand River College, Edinburg; Ingleside Academy, Palmyra.

Christian. - This is one of the largest denominations in Missouri; it has more than 500 churches and nearly 100,000 members. The literary institutions of the denomination are Christian College, Columbia; Christian University, Canton; Woodland College, Independence; Christian Orphan Asylum, Camden

Point. The publications of this denomination in Missouri are; The Christian, The Little Watchman, The Little Sower, and The Morning Watch, all published at St. Louis.

Congregational. - The first Trinitarian Congregational Church was organized in St. Louis, in 1852, Rev. T. M. Post, D. D., pastor. The church in Hannibal was organized in 1859. In 1864-65 fifteen churches were organized in towns on the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad. In 1875 the denomination had 5 district associations, 70 churches, 41 ministers and 3,363 members. There are two Congregational colleges in the State - Thayer College, at Kidder, and Drury College, at Springfield.

Episcopal. - The first service of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Missouri was held October 24, 1819, and Christ Church, St. Louis, was organized as a parish November 1, of the same year. The Rev. John Ward, previously of Lexington, Ky.. was the first rector. Six persons united in the first service. In 1875 there were in the city of St. Louis 12 parishes and missions and as many clergymen; while, taking all parte of the State, there were about 5,000 communicants, 51 ministers. 48 church buildings, 57 Sunday-schools with 4,000 scholars, and 475 teachers. The denomination controlled 1 secular schools. The Diocese of Missouri is conterminous with the State of Missouri

Friends. - The following are the approximate statistics of this denomination in Missouri: Number <>i" organizations and edifices, 4; sittings, 1,100; value of property, $4,800.

Israelite. - There is scarcely a county in the State <){' Missouri where at least one dozen Jewish families are not Bettled. Jefferson City, Sedalia, Springfield, Rolla, Washington, Macon City, Louisiana. Hannibal ami several other places, have wealthy, influential Jewish citizens, bul t<><> few in numbers t«> form Independent religious communities. In St. Louis, 81 Joseph and Kansas City they have established congregations, Sabbathschools, houses of worship and Institutions of charity. The oldest Hebrew congregai ion in Missouri was organized in 1888, at St. Louis. The following Bummarj gives an approximate statement of the Israelite congregations in Missouri: congregations, 8; members, 557; ministers, 8; houses of worship, 7; Sabbath-schools, 9; with VI teachers, and 574 scholars.

Lutheran. - The first Lutheran Church organized in Missouri was founded in St. Louis in 1839. The number of churches is now about 92. The Lutheran educational institutions of the State are Concordia College and a high school, both at St. Louis. The charitable institutions are the Lutheran Hospital and Asylum at St. Louis, and the Lutheran Orphans' Home in St. Louis County. At St. Louis are also located the Lutheran Central Bible Society, and the Lutheran Book Concern of the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and other States. The following Lutheran periodicals are published in St. Louis: Der Lutheraner^ Die Abend&chule, Lehreund Wchrc. and the Evangel Lutheran Schublatt German Evangelical, There are, in Missouri, perhaps 45 churches of this denomination, comprising 7,500 members. The Eriedensbote is the name of a newspaper published under its patronage. Evangelical Missouri College is the theological scat of Learning in this synod, and is located in

Methodist Episcopal. - The Methodist Episcopal Church in Missouri dates from an early period in the history of the State. Indeed, several societies were formed before it became a State, and these were a part of the old Illinois Conference. When the separation of 1844 L5 took place, and the Methodist Episcopal Church South was formed, the societies in Missouri were broken up with few exceptions, and the members either joined that organization or remained unable to effect a reorganization of their own until 1848, when the Missouri Conference resumed its sessions. During the Civil War the preachers and members were driven from nearly all the stations and districts. There were probably less than 3,000 persons in actual fellowship in 1801 and 1st)-. In May, 1802, the general conference added Arkansas to the Missouri Conferen and it bore the name of " The Missouri and Arkansas Conference,'' until 1808, when it was divided, the societies north of the Missouri River retaining the old name, Missouri Conference; and the societies south of the river, and those in Arkansas, being formed into the "St. Louis Conference." In 1872 the societies in Missouri, south of the river, became the St. Louis Conference, those in Arkansas the Arkansas Con- ference. The two conferences of Missouri now comprise about 375 churches and 30,000 members. They have several flourishing schools and colleges, the principal of which are Lewis College, Glasgow ; Johnson College, Macon City, and Carleton Institute in Southeast Missouri. The Western Book Depository is doing a large business in St. Louis, and its agents also publish the Central Christian Advocate.

Methodist Episcopal Church South. - The first preaching by a Protestant minister in this State was by a Methodist local preacher, John Clark by name, who resided where Alton now stands, and who occasionally crossed the river to a settlement of Americans near Florissant. The first regularly appointed Methodist preacher was Rev. John Travis, who received an appointment from Bishop Asbury in 1806. He formed two circuits, and at the end of the year returned 100 members. These circuits were called " Missouri ' and "Meramec," and a*, the conference of 1807, Jesse Walker was sent to supply the former, and Edmund Wilcox the latter.

From this time preachers were regularly appointed, and in 1820 there were, in Missouri, 21 traveling preachers, and 2.<>7(J members. In 1821 Methodism proper was introduced into St. Louis by Rev. Jesse Walker, who secured the erection of a small house of worship on the corner of what is now Fourth and Myrtle Streets, and returned L27 member-.

Under The Spanish Government

Governor*. L805 to L806, Gen, James Wilkinson; last part of L806, Joseph Brown, acting; May. 1807 to October, 1^07, Frederick Bates, acting;' ls,|T to September, 1809, Merriwetl Lewis; September, ls<»'.»t«» September L9, 1810, Frederick r>ates, acting; L810 to November 29, L812, Benjamin Howard, acting; 18r_! to December 7. L812, Frederick Bates, secretary and acting governor,

Governors.- Alexander BfcNair, 1820-24; Frederick Bates, lvjl 2o; Abraham J. Williams, vice Bates, 1825; John Miller, vice Bates, 1820-28; John Miller, 1828-32; Dunklin resigned; appointed surveyor general of the United States, 1832-30; L. W. Boggs, wee Dunklin, 183G; Lilburn W. Boggs, 1836-40;

Judges of Supreme Court. - Matthias McGirk, 1822-41; John D. Cooke, 1822-28; John It. .Joins, 1822 2 1 ; Ruf us Pettibone, 1828-25; George Tompkins, 1824r-45; Robert Wash, 1825-37; John C. Edwards. 1837-39; William Scot! (appointed 1841 until meeting of General Assembly in place of McGirk resigned; reappointed), 1843; P. H. BfcBride, 1845; William B. Napton, 1849-52; John F. Ryland, 1849-51; John H. Birch, 1849-51; William Scott, John P. Byland and Hamilton R. Gamble (elected by the people for six years), 1851; Hamilton R. Gamble (resigned), 1854; Abiel Le Hard (elected to fill vacancy of Gamble) ; William B. Napton (vacated by failure to file oath) ; William Scott and John C. Richardson (resigned, elected August, for six years), 1857; E. B. Ewing (to fill Richardson's resignation), 1859; Barton Bates (appointed), 1862; W. V. N. Bay, (appointed), 1862; John D. S. Dryden (appointed), 1862; Bar-

The supreme judge elected in 1886 was Theodore Brace, in room of John W. Henry; the superintendent of public schools was William E. Coleman, re-elected.

1864-65 - Senate, Waldo P. Johnson, Rev. L. M. Lewis. House, Thomas L. Snead, N. L. Norton, John B. Clark, Sr., A. H. Conrow, George G. Vest, Peter S. Wilkes and Kobert A. Hatcher.

Vote By Counties At The Presidential Elections Of

Jackson, Monroe, Oregon, Platte, Ripley, Shannon and Wayne, together with portions of other counties, bringing about the following as the Anal declared result: (.rant. Seymour, .

Salaries Of State Officers

Governor, $5,000; lieutenant-governor, $5 per day; secretary of state, treasurer, auditor, superintendent of public school, register of lands, and railroad commissioner, each, $3,000; superintendent of insurance department, $4,000; adjutant-general, $2,000; State law librarian, $900; supreme court judges, each $4,500; clerk of the supreme court, $3,000.

Adair - Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Adair County, Ky., whence some of the first prominent settlers came. Kirksville, the county seat, was named for John Kirk, who settled the site.

Atchison - Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor of Hon. David K. Atchison, then one of the United States senators. The first county seat was Linden, so called from the number of linn or linden trees in the vicinity. The present county seat, ftockport, was named because the Tarkio Creek at that point is rocky or stony.

Barry - Organized January 5, 1835. Named in honor of Commodore Barry, of the American navy. Cassville, the county seat, was named for Hon. Lewis Cass.

Bates - Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Hon. Edward Bates, of St. Louis. Butler, the county seat, was named for Gen. William O. Butler, of Kentucky.

Bollinger - Organized March 1, 1851. Named in honor of Maj. George F. Bollinger, one of its first settters. a prominent member of the Territorial Legislature, etc. The county seat. Marble Hill, was so named from the alleged natural character of the site. It was originally called Dallas.

Boone - Organized November 16, 1820, Named for Daniel Boone. The first county seat, Smithton, was named for Gen. T. A. Smith; the present, Columbia, a mile east of the former site of Smithton, was presumably called for "the queen iA' the world and the child of the skies."

Buchanan - Organized February 1<). L839. Named in honor of Hon. James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania. The first county seat was Sparta, near the center of the county; in L846 tin1 capital was removed to St. Joseph.

Butler - Organized February 27, L849. Named for Gen. William O. Butler, of Kentucky, a prominent American officer in the war with Mexico, and Democratic candidate for vice-president in 1848.

of Capt. James Callaway, a grandson of Daniel Boone, killed by the Indians in the southern part of Montgomery County, March 8, 1815. Fulton, the county seat, laid out in 1822, was named for Robert Fulton.

Camden - Originally created January 29, 1841, and called Kinderbook, for the country seat of President Van Buren. The name was changed to Camden, for a county in North Carolina, in 1843. The first county seat was Oregon; the second, Erie; the present, Linn Creek.

Caldwell - Organized December 26, 1836. Named by the author of the organizing act, Gen. Alex. W. Doniphan, for Col. John Caldwell, of Kentucky. The first county seat was Far West, but on the destruction and abandonment of that place during the Mormon War, it was removed to Kingston, named for Hon. Austin A. King, of Ray County.

Cape Girardeau - One of the original " districts.'1 Organized October 1, 1812; reduced to its present limits March 5, 1849. Named for the town which was founded by Louis Lorimer in 1794. Jackson, the county seat, was incorporated in 1824, and namod tor "Old Hickory."

Carroll - Organized January 3, L833. Named in honor of Charles Carroll, of Carroll ton. one of the signers of the Declaration. The county seat, Carrol Hon, was laid out in 1837.

Cass - Organize* I September 14, 1835, and first called Van Buren, in honor of President Van Buren, whom Missourians delighted to honor at that day; but in 1849, after he had been the presidential candidate of the Free Soil party in the preceding canvass, the name was changed to Cass, in honor of Lewis Cass, of Michigan, who had been the Democratic candidate in 1848, and had been defeated by Gen. Taylor. The county seat, Harrisonville, was named for Hon. A. G. Harrison, of Callaway.

Cedar - Organized February 14, 1845, and named for its principal stream. The original county seat was called Lancaster. In 1847 the name was changed to Fremont, in honor of the " Pathfinder,'1 but in 1856 Gen. Fremont became the Republican candidate for President, and the following winter the Democratic

Legislature changed the name to Stockton, in honor of Commodore Kichard Stockton, of the navy, who had arrested Fremont during the Mexican War, and sought to have him disgraced.

Chariton - Organized November 16, 1820. Named for the town of Chariton, which was laid out in 1818, and formerly stood near the mouth of the river of that name. Lewis and Clark were of the opinion that the original name of the Chariton was " Theriaton," but others asserted that the word is old French, and signifies a chariot or little wagon, a corruption of charrette probably. The first county seat was Chariton, sometimes called Old Chariton, long extinct. The present capital, Keytesville, was laid out in 1832, and named by its founder, James Keyte, for himself.

Clark - Organized in 1838 (many authorities say in 1818, but the Clark County then organized was in Arkansas). Named in honor of Gov. William Clark, of the Lewis and Clark expedition, and first Governor of the Territory of Missouri proper, serving from 1813 to 1820.

Clinton - Organized January 15, 1833; reduced to its present limits in 1841. Named for Vice-President George Clinton, of New York. This county seat was first called Concord, then Springfield, and finally Plattsburg, for the residence of Gov. Clintdh.

Cole - Organized November 16, 1820. Named for Capt. Stephen Cole, a noted pioneer of Missouri, who built Cole's Fort, at the present site of Boonville, and who died on " the plains,'1 some time in the thirties, it is said.

Cooper - Organized December 17, 1818. Named for Capt. Sarshell Cooper, another prominent; pioneer, who was killed by the Indians while seated at his own fireside in " Cooper's Fort,'1 Howard County, on the night of April 14, 1814. Boonville, the county seat, was laid out in 1817, and named for Daniel Boone.

in 1824. Until 1835 the county seat was at the mouth of Little Piney (now in Phelps County) at the dwelling house of James Harrison. The present county seat, Steelville, was located in 1835 and named for a prominent citizen.

Dade - Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Maj. Dade, of Seminole massacre fame. The name of the county seat, Greenfield, has no especial significance.

Dallas - Originally called Niangua, and organized in 1842; changed to Dallas December 10, 1844, and named in honor of Hon. George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, then Vice-President elect. Buffalo, the county seat, was named for the well-known city in New York by Joe Miles, an Irish bachelor, who first settled on the site. The word Niangua is a corruption of the original Indian name, Nehemgar.

Daviess - Organized December 29, 1836. Named in honor of Col. Jos. H. Daviess, of Kentucky, who fell at the battle of Tippecanoe, in 1811. Gallatin, the county seat, was laid out in 1837, and named for Albert Gallatin, the old Swiss financier, who was secretary of the treasury from 1801 to 1813.

Dent - Organized February 10, 1851. Named in honor of Lewis Dent, a Tennesseean, who settled in the county in 1835, and was its first representative, elected in 1862. Salem, the county seat, was located in 1852. Perhaps when the founders christened it they had in mind the Hebrew word Salem, signifying peace.

Dunklin - Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor of Daniel Dunklin, Governor of the State from 1832 to 1836, surveyor-general of the United States, etc. Kennett, the county seat, was named for Hon. Luther M. Kennett.

Franklin - Organized December 11, 1818. Named for Benjamin Franklin. The first county seat was at Newport, but in 1830 was removed to Union.

Gasconade - Organized November 25, 1820. Named for the river; reduced to its present limits (nearly) in 1835. Hermann was laid out in 1837, and became the county seat in 1845.

Gentry - Organized February 12, 1841. Named in honor of Col. Eichard Gentry, of Boone County, who fell at the head of the Missouri regiment in the battle against the Seminole Indians at Okeechobee, Fla., on Christmas day, 1837. The county seat, Albany, was at first called Athens.

Greene - Organized January 2, 1833. Named for Gen. Nathaniel Greene, of the War of the Eevolution. The county seat, Springfield, was named for the seat of justice of Robertson County, Tenn.

Grundy - Organized January 2, 1841. Named for Hon. Felix Grundy, of Tennessee, attorney-general of the United States from 1838 to 1840, etc. The county seat was located at Trenton in 1843.

Harrison - Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor of Hon. Albert G. Harrison, of Callaway County, a representative in Congress from the State from 1834 to 1839, dying in the latter year. Bethany, the county seat, was laid out by Tennesseeans in 1845.

Henry - Originally called Rives, in honor of William C. Rives, of Virginia, then a Democratic politician of national reputation. Organized December 13, 1834. In 1840 Mr. Rives became a Whig,-and in 1841 the name of the county was changed to Henry, in honor of Patrick Henry. Clinton, the county seat, was laid out in 1836, and named for George Clinton, of New York.

Hickory - Organized February 14, 1845, and named for the sobriquet of Andrew Jackson. The county seat, Hermitage, was named for " Old Hickory's" residence.

Holt - In 1839 the territory in the Platte Purchase north of Buchanan County was organized into the "Territory" of "Ne-ata-wah," and attached to Buchanan. " Ne-at-a-wah " included the present counties of Andrew, Holt, Atchison and Nodaway In 1841 this territory was subdivided and the county of " Nodaway11 organized, but a few weeks later the Legislature changed the name to Holt, in honor of Hon. David Rice Holt, the representative from Platte County, who had died during the session, and who

Howard - Organized January 23, 1816. Named in honor of Col. Benjamin Howard, Governor of the "Territory of Louisiana" from 1810 to 1812. The first county seat was at Old Franklin, on the Missouri, nearly opposite Boonville. Fayette (named for Gen. La Fayette) became the county seat in 1823.

Jasper - Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Sergt. Jasper, a noted soldier of the Revolution, who planted the flag on Fort Moultrie amidst a shower of British cannon balls, and who fell at the assault on Savannah in 1779.

Jefferson - Organized December 8, 1818, and named for Thomas Jefferson. The first county seat was at Herculaneum. In 1835 it was removed to the present site, then called Monticello. There was already a county seat in the State (in Lewis County) bearing the name of Monticello, and in 1837 the designation of the capital of Jefferson was changed to Hillsboro.

Johnson - Organized December 13, 1834, and named for Col. Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, " the slayer of Tecumseh," who was afterward, from 1837 to 1841, Vice President of the United States. The town of Warrensburg, the county seat, was laid out in 1835, and named for its founders, John and Martin D. Warren.

Knox - Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor of Gen. Henry Knox, the Boston bookseller, who during the Revolution became Washington's chief of artillery, and who, the night before the battle of Trenton, we are told, " went about tugging at his guns like a Trojan and swearing like a pirate." He was the first secretary of war of the United States. Edina, the county seat, was laid out in 1839, and named by the surveyor, Hon. S.

Laclede - Organized February 24, 1849. Named for Pierre Laclede Liguest, often called Laclede, the founder of St. Louis. The county seat, Lebanon, was named for a town in Tennessee.

La Fayette - Originally called Lillard, in honor of Hon. James C. Lillard, and organized November 16, 1820. In 1834 the name of the county was changed to La Fayette in honor of the Marquis de la Fayette. The first county seat was at Mount Vernon, on the Missouri, but was removed to Lexington in 1824.

Lawrence - The first organization of a county called Lawrence, in 1818, was never perfected. The present county was created February 25, 1845, and named for the gallant Yankee sea captain, James Lawrence, who said, " Don't give up the ship.'' Mount Vernon, the county seat, was located the same year.

Lewis - Organized January 2, 1833. Named for Capt. Merriwether Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark expedition, who was Governor of the Territory of Louisiana from 1807 to 1809, and who committed suicide in the latter year in a county in Tennessee now bearing his name, while on his way to Washington. Monticello ("Little Mountain"), the county seat, was laid out in 1834, and named for the country seat of Thomas Jefferson.

Lincoln - Organized December 14, 1818, and named for Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, of the Revolution. Troy (originally called Wood's Fort) became the county seat in 1819.

Linn - Organized January 7, 1837. Named in honor of Dr. Lewis F. Linn, of Ste. Genevieve. United States senator from 1833 to 1843, dying in office during the latter year. The origin of the name of the county seat, Linnens, is uncertain.

Livingston - Organized January f>, 1S37. Named for Hon. Edward Livingston, of Louisiana, secretary of state from 1S31 to 1833. The county seat, Chillieothe (an Indian name said to signify "the big town where we live"), was located in 1837.

McDonald - Organized March 3, 1849. Said to have been named for Sergt. McDonald, a South Carolina trooper of the Eevolution. The first county seat was at Rutledge, but was subsequently removed to Pineville, which place was originally called Marysville.

Madison - Organized December 14, 1818, and named for President Madison. The first county seat was St. Michael, near the present capital, Fredericktown, which was located in 1821.

Marion - Organized December 23, 1826, and named for Gen. Francis Marion, " The Swamp Fox." Palmyra, which has always been the county seat, was laid off in 1819.

Mercer - Organized February 14, 1845. Named in honor of Gen. Hugh Mercer, of the Revolution, and the county seat, Princeton, was so called for the battle in which he lost his life.

Miller - Organized February 6, 1837. Named for John Miller, a colonel under Harrison in the War of 1812, Governor of Missouri from 1826 to 1832, member of Congress from 1836 to 1842, etc.

Moniteau - Organized February 14, 1845. Named for the stream which flows through the western part, whose name is a corruption of the Indian word Manitou, meaning the Deity. California, the county seat, was laid oul in 1845, and originally called Boonsboro.

Monroe - Organized January 6, 1831, and named in honor of James Monroe. Paris, the county seat, was settled upon in 1831, and named for Paris, Ky.

Montgomery - Organized December 14, 1818, and named for Gen. Richard Montgomery, who fell at the storming of Quebec. The first county seat was at Pinckney, on the Missouri, afterward it was removed to Lewiston, near the center of the county, and finally to Danville, which was laid off in 1834.

Morgan - Organized January 5, 1833, and named for Gen. Daniel Morgan, who commanded the famous riflemen in the Revolution. The first county seat was at Millville, now extinct, but in 1834 it was removed to Versailles.

Newton - Organized December 31, 1838. Named for Sergt. Newton, the comrade of Jasper, the Revolutionary hero. The name given to the county seat, Neosho, is a corruption of the Osage Indian word, Ne-o-zho.

Nodaway - Organized February 14, 1845. Named for the stream flowing through it. The name is a corruption of Ni-diwah, a Sac and Fox Indian word, meaning "hearsay." (It will be remembered that the original designation of Holt County was Nodaway.) The county seat, Maryville, was laid off in 1845, and named for the first resident lady, Mrs. Mary Graham.

Oregon - Organized February 14, 1845. Named for the territory then under discussion, in connection with which the phrase " 54-40 or fight" was often heard.

Osage - Organized January 29, 1841, and named for the river which forms the greater portion of its western boundary. The Osage River was named by the French more than 100 years ago from the tribe of Indians upon its banks. The word is a corruption of Oua-chage, or Ou-chage (whence Wahsatch), and as applied to individual, means "the strong.'' Linn, the county seat, is named in honor of Senator Lewis F. Linn.

Ozark - Organized January 29, 1841. In 1843 its name was changed to Decatur, in honor of the famous fighting commodore, Stephen Decatur, but in 1845, its present title was restored. The first county seat was Rockbridge, near the north line ; the present is Gainesville.

Pemiscot - Organized February 19, 1861. Named for the large bayou within its borders. The word signifies " liquid mud." Gayoso, the county seat, was named for a prominent Spanish official of the territorial days.

Perry - Organized November 16, 1820. Named in honor of Commodore Oliver H. Perry, the hero of Lake Erie. Perryville, the county seat, was located in 1821.

Pettis - Organized January 26, 1833. Named in honor of Hon. Spencer Pettis, of St. Louis, a member of Congress from Missouri in 1828-31, and who was killed in a duel with Maj.

Thomas Biddle, on Bloody Island, in the latter year. The first county seat was at St. Helena; in 1837 it was removed to Georgetown ; in 1862 to Sedalia. The last named town was laid out in 1859, and named by its founder, Gen. George B. Smith, for his daughter Sarah, who was familiarly called " Sade " and u Sed." It was first called by Gen. Smith " Sedville," but he afterward gave it the more euphonius title which it now bears.

Phelps - Organized November 13, 1857. Named for Hon. John S. Phelps, of Greene County, member of Congress from 1844 to 1862; Governor from 1877 to 1881, etc.

Pike - Organized December 14, 1818. Named in honor of Gen. Zebulon Pike, who explored the Upper Mississippi in 1805 ; visited Kansas, Colorado and New Mexico and other territory in the West in 1806, discovering the mountain which yet bears the name of Pike's Peak, and who was killed at the battle of York, Canada, in April, 1813. Bowling Green was laid out in 1819, and became the county seat in 1824, upon its removal from Louisiana.

Platte - Organized December 31, 1838, and named indirectly for the Platte Biver, which flows through it, and from which the Platte Purchase was named. Platte City, the county seat, was originally called Falls of Platte.

Polk - Organized March 13, 1835: Named in honor of James K. Polk, of Tennessee, who afterward, in 1844, became President. He had numerous admirers among the first settlers, who had known him in Tennessee before their removal to Missouri.

Putnam - Organized February 28, 1845, and named for Gen. Israel Putnamt The first county seat was at Putnamville, afterward at Winchester, and finally at Harmony, whose present name is Unionville.

- Palls - Organized November 16, 1820. Named in honor of Daniel Balls, a member of the Legislature at that time from Pike County. New London was laid out in 1819.

Randolph - Organized January 22, 1829. Named for John Bandolph, of Boanoke. Huntsville became the county seat in 1830, and named for Judge Ezra Hunt.

Ray - Organized November 16, 1820, and named for Hon. John Bay, a member of the Constitutional Convention from Howard County. The first county seat was at Bluffton, but in 1828 it was removed to Richmond.

Reynolds - Organized February 25, 1845. Named in honor of Hon. Thomas Reynolds, Governor of Missouri from 1841 to 1844, in which latter year he committed suicide at the capital. His name was bestowed upon this county through the efforts of Hon. Pate Buford, his particular friend.

Ripley - Organized January 5, 1813, and named in honor of Gen. Bipley, of the War of 1812. Doniphan, the county seat, was named for Gen. A. W. Doniphan, Missouri's renowned hero of the Mexican War.

St. Clair - Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Gen. Arthur St. Clair, of the Revolution. Osceola, named for the noted Seminole chief, became the county seat in 1842.

Ste. Genevieve - One of the original "districts." Organized October 1, 1812. Named for the town, which was founded, practicably, in 1763, although settled probably in 1735.

St. Louis - One of the original "districts.'1 Organized October 1, 1812. Named for the town, which in turn was named for King Louis XV of France, having been founded by Pierre Laclede, in 1764. Clayton was made the county seat in 1N75.

Saline - Organized November 25, 1820. County seats in their order have been Jefferson, Jonesboro, Arrow Rock and Marshall. The county was named for its salt springs.

Schuyler - Organized February 14, 1845, and named for Gen. Philip Schuyler of the Revolution. The first county seat was at Tippecanoe; Lancaster, the present capital, was Laid out in 1845.

Scotland - Organized January 29, L841. Named by Hon. S. W. B. Carnegy, now of Canton, in honor of the Land of his ancestors. He surveyed and named the town of Edinburg in this county, and also the town of Edina, in Knox County. The first courts in Scotland were held at Sand Hill, but in 1843 the county seat was located at Memphis.

Shannon - Organized January 29, 1841. Named for Hon. George F. Shannon, a prominent lawyer and politician of the State, who dropped dead in the courthouse at Palmyra, in August, 1836.

Shelby - Organized January 2, 1835. Named for Gen. Isaac Shelby, who fought at King's Mountain, in the Revolution, and was subsequently Governor of Kentucky. The first county seat was at Oak Dale, but was located at Shelbyville in 1836.

Stoddard - Organized January 2, 1836. Named for Capt. Amos Stoddard, of Connecticut, who took possession of Missouri in the name of his government after the Louisiana purchase.

Stone - Organized February 10, 1851, and named for the stony character of its soil. Galena, the county seat, was so named for the presence of that mineral in the vicinity.

Sullivan - Fully organized February 16, 1843, and named by Hon. E. C. Morelock far his native county in Tennessee. In the preliminary organization, in 1843, the county was named Highland. The first courts were held at the house of A. C. Hill, on the present site of Milan, which became the county seat in 1845.

Taney - Organized January 6, 1837, and named for Chief Justice Roger B. Taney. Forsyth, the county seat, located in 1838, was named for Hon. John Forsyth, of Georgia, who was Secretary of State of the United States from 1834 to 1841.

Texas - Organized February 14, 1845, and named for the Lone Star State. Houston, the county seat, was named for Gen. im Houston, the "hero of San Jacinto."

Vernon - Organized as at present February 27, 1855. Named for Hon. Miles Vernon, a member of the State Senate from Laclede County, who fought under Gen. Jackson at New Orleans, and who presided over the Senate branch of the "Claib Jackson Legislature," which passed the "Ordinance of Secession," at Neosho, October 28, 1861. Nevada, the county seat, was originally

Washington - Organized August 21, 1813, and named for the "Father of His Country." It is claimed that Potosi, the county seat, was first settled in 1765.

Wayne - Organized December 11, 1818, when it comprised the greater part of the southern one-third of the State. It was formerly called by the sobriquet of "the State of Wayne," and latterly "the Mother of Counties." It was named in honor of Gen. Anthony Wayne, of the Revolution, the famous "Mad Anthony" of history and legend. Greenville, the county seat, was laid out in 1818, and named for the scene of Gen. Wayne's treaty.

Worth - Organized February 8, 1861, and named in honor of Gen. William Worth, one of the prominent American commanders in the Mexican War. Grant City was laid off in 1864, and named for Gen. Grant.

Wright - Organized Jauuary 29, 1841, and named in honor of Hon. Silas Wright of New York, a leading Democratic statesman of that period. Hartville was named for the owner of the site.

There have been attempts at the creation of other counties from time to time. Dodge County, named for Gen. Henry Dodge, was organized in 1851, with a county seat at St. John, but in 1853 it was disorganized and its territory included within the limits of Putnam, of which county it had formed the western part. The organization of Donaldson, Merrimac, and perhaps two or three other counties, was never perfected.

Population Of Missouri By Countjes

The annexed table shows the population of the State by the counties in existence at the several periods mentioned. The population of the Territory in 1810 was 20,845.

Cities And Towns

The following table shows the population of cities and towns in the State with a population of 4,000 and upward in 1880, compared with the census of 1870:

Conclusion

Such, in brief, is the History of Missouri, one of the foremost of the States of the Union in everything that goes to make up our Commonwealth. While there may be spots and flaws in the early records of its pioneer settlers, yet with them all this early and later history is one that must stir the blood and quicken the pulse of him who reads. Its institutions of civil and religious freedom, guaranteeing the rights of citizenship, education and worship, extending the blessings of beneficent law silently and extensively as the atmosphere about us, demand our love. Then, too, it is a State of innumerable and as yet undeveloped resources. Its soil yields almost an infinite variety of production. Within its bosom lie hid many minerals, and its forests are rich in ex- kaustless stores of timber, while its prairies are made to " bud and blossom like the rose." It is a State of the free school, the free press and the free pulpit, a trio the power of which it is impossible to compute. The free schools, open to rich and poor, bind together the people in educational bonds and in the common memories of the recitation-room and the play grounds. The free press may not always be altogether as dignified or elevated as the more highly cultivated may desire, but it is ever open to the complaints of the people; is ever watchful of popular rights and jealous of class encroachments. The free pulpit, sustained not by legally exacted tithes wrung from an unwilling people, but by the free-will offerings of loving supporters, gathers about it the thousands, inculcates the highest morality, points to brighter worlds, and when occasion demands will not be silent before political wrongs. Its power simply as an educating agency can scarcely be estimated. These three grand agencies are not rival but supplementary, each doing an essential work in public culture.

Above all this is a State of homes. Here there is no system of vast land-ownerships, with lettings and sub-lettings, but, on the contrary, the abundance and cheapness of land gives a large proportion of the population proprietary interests. To all this, add the freedom of elective franchise which invests the humblest citizen with the functions of sovereignty, and is there not reason for loving such a State?

The Missouri of to-day is not the Missouri of a decade ago. A dark period followed the close of that bitter internecine strife, so fatal to this locality, but notwithstanding all this, prosperity and progress beyond former precedents are now her portion. The area of land under cultivation is greater than ever before, and the census of 1890 will exhibit an astounding increase in every department of material industry and advancement; in a great increase of agricultural and mechanical wealth; in new and improved modes for production of every kind, id the universal activity of business in all its branches: in the rapid growth of cities and villages; in bountiful harvests, and in unexampled material prosperity prevailing on every hand. Colleges and schools of every class and grade are in the most flourishing con- dition; benevolent institutions, State and private, are well maintained, and, as one has aptly said, " In a word our prosperity is as complete and ample as though no tread of armies or beat of drum had been heard in our borders." Surely these are not the ordinary indices of exhaustion! As to resources for the future struggle, the resources of the State will meet each legitimate call. Guiding all these is the intelligent purpose of a people whose ambition, laudable indeed, is to make Missouri in reputation what she is in reality - one of the very richest States of the Union.