Ray County, Missouri - The whole text, 1881 (part 13 of 23)

Paint Stuffs. - About fifty feet above the Lexington coal in Lafayette and Ray counties is found about five or six feet of light-red shales streaked with green; and also at Lexington, at several places near Richmond, and on the Missouri bluffs near the east countv line of Ray county. The above are pure red ochre clays and will make a good dark-red paint.

The south and east boundary of the upper coal measures is as follows: Entering the state near the southwest part of Cass county, passing eastwardly, near Harrisonville, thence, northeast across the mounds between Big Creek and Camp branch, thence northeast to the middle of township forty-six, range twenty-nine, thence north to Chapel Hill in Lafayette county, thence via Oak Grove and Pink Hill, Jackson county, to Blue Mills or Owens landing on the Missouri river. Crossing the river the line passes down to the vicinity of Albany, Ray county, thence it trends off to the north part of Ray county and the line of Caldwell and Livingstone counties, thence northwardly along the ridge on the west side of

There are several other coal mines in the county, of which we have been unable to obtain an account. Among them, we mention a new mine of J. S. Hughes & Co. on St. Joseph branch of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific; and the shaft of J. W. Shotwell & Co., on same railroad, in the suburbs of Richmond, sunk in the fall of 1880.

In one (November) day Holland Vanderpool killed five deer. It was near Crooked river; he dragged them one by one to that stream; made a bark canoe, and floated them home.

In addition to the mortar and pestle, mentioned in another place, corn was reduced to meal by means of a handmill, made by the settlers, as follows: A circular stone was placed on anothee similar stone, except that the latter, called the "bed rock," was smooth. Through a small hole in the center of the upper stone, the corn was dropped, one grain at a time. A lever, four to six feet in length, was inserted into a cavity in the edge of the rock. By means of this lever the stone was turned and the corn ground. The nether mill-stone was stationary.

In the course of time horse power was used for operating the mill; and this was considered a wonderful advance in the matter of making breadstuff.

Store bills were paid off with wild honey, beeswax, coon, deer, otter and other skins of wild animals. Taxes were paid with fox and wolf scalps.

Soon after Richmond was founded, Billy Bales, a new-comer, went to Richmond and told Charles Morehead, a merchant, that he wanted to buy some honey; and in reply to the question, "What is it worth?" was answered, " Twenty-five cents a gallon." " I'll take all you got," rejoined

The day after Holland Vanderpool was married, he and his wife rode horseback to Richmond to get their household goods. From a merchant named Slothard they purchased the necessary supply, and started home. Mr. V. carried the table-ware in a bucket, placed on the horse in front of him. When just out of town, the toe of Mr. V.'s horse striking a root, the. animal fell; the rider and the dishes went over his head; the former was bruised; the latter broken to pieces.

One night Mr. Vanderpool and his wife were alone in their cabin. The former was asleep on the loom bench; the latter busy at her wheel. Mr. V. was suddenly awakened by his wife, who, greatly frightened, said a bear was trying to get into the house; that she had seen its paw through the latch-hole in the door. Mr. V., taking his gun and a butcher-knife in hand, opened the door - to be greeted by a negro woman, who, fleeing from her master, Jere Crowley, sought shelter from the snow storm. The weather was very cold and the snow deep. The woman's clothes w7ere frozen stiff. Mr. Crowley was not the least unkind to the negress; she had a mania for running away.

The pioneer was a hard worker. He had to fell huge trees; clear his land, maul rails, built fences. Wives made their husbands pads of feathers to wear on the shoulders while carrying green rails and heavy timbers.

In the year 1822, a man from New England, who was engaged in buying furs, pelts, etc., from citizens of Ray county, for which he exchanged pins and needles, became enamored of a fair, bucolic damsel, living in the vicinity of the present town of Hardin. The Yankee sought and won the maiden's hand and heart. At the appointed time, the nuptial knot was tied by an old man, who was a justice of the peace. After the ceremony, the "coon skin man" - as the peddler was called - paid the justice for his trouble in fins and needles, and the twain, made one, went on their way rejoicing.

Murder Of Dorcas Cleavenger

It were more welcome reading if a complete series of historical events, pertaining to our county, contained no reminiscences melancholy in their nature. But, it is the province of history to relate every true story; and it becomes the annalist's duty, anon, to fill the interstices between agreeable recitals with naratives of more solemn interest.

The victim was a Mrs. Dorcas Cleavenger, an amiable, inoffensive lady, the wife of William Cleavenger, who, it will be remembered, was one of the first settlers in Fishing river bottoms; the perpetrators were two fiends incarnate, named Ish and Henry, slaves respectively of Richard Cleavenger and Abraham Froman.

On the afternoon of the day mentioned - Sabbath as it was - Mr. Cleavenger went fishing, leaving his wife and two little children, aged three and five, alone at the house.

Mr. C. did not return home until late at night. The stillness of the midnight hour breathed not a whisper of the horrible disclosure awaiting him. He approached the door, pulled the latch-string, and passed the threshold, little knowing that he was entering the chamber of death! Silence prevailed. The little innocents, nestled closely at their mother's side - three cheeks pressing the same pillow - were wrapped in the happy unconsciousness of sleep; and so was the mother - but not to wake again on earth. The room was dark. The husband called to his wife, speaking her name, but receiving no response, stepped to the bed-side, and, doubtless rebuking himself for having stayed away so long, tenderly placed his hand on her brow; it was pulseless, and cold as marble! He again vainly called, and then, thoroughly alarmed, kindled a light in the fire-place. The blazing fagots threw a ghastly glamour on the pale face of a murdered woman - the mother of his children - she who had been the life of his life and the soul of his soul. There in the dismal glare of a waning light, the poor man stood - wifeless; and motionless with unspeakable woe.

After awhile the heart-broken husband left the 'dead, and the unconscious living, alone, till he could go to the house of his father, happily living not far away, and make known his sad discovery.

The neighbors assembled early next morning to ascertain the cause of Mrs. Cleavenger's death. The coroner was notified. He empanneled a jury, and such proceedings were had as are common in cases of mysterious death.

The same (Monday) evening Mrs. C. was buried, but the people were not satisfied with the result of the coroner's inquest. Dr. Mallet, a physician of the neighborhood, felt assured, upon post mortem examination, that death was not caused by apoplexy. Suspicion was rife that the unfortunate lady had been murdered, and the whole community set about to find the murderer or murderers.

Ish, a man of color, owned by Richard Cleavenger, father of the bereaved husband, was suspected. A party of men, armed with guns> went to the house of the slave's master, and demanded to see the former.

Ish was brought forth, and in reply to questions, answered, with considerable trepidation: That Froman's Henry had come to him, and asked him to go with the former to William Hill's, a neighbor; that he assented, and on the way to Mr Hill's, Henry told him (Ish) that he (Henry) had killed Dorcas Cleavenger, and wanted Ish to go and help him (Henry) to put her on the bed. Blood was found on Ish's coat sleeve; and in reply to the question how it came there, he said it was the blood of Dorcas Cleavenger; that he had no other chance to get it. Ish claimed that he had no hand in killing his " Miss Dorky," but confessed that he helped Froman's Henry to put her to bed, and stated further, Froman's Henry had killed her.

Their preliminary trial was held June 1st, before justices of the peace, James Dickie and John Dozier. As a result, the negroes were incarcerated at Richmond, to await the July term of the circuit court.

The indictment found against the culprits at that term, will complete the story, and it is subjoined, as well on account of the quaintness of the document, as of its bearing in this case:

That Ish and Henry, late of said county of Ray, men of color, and slaves, the said Ish the property of Richard Cleavenger, of said county, and the said Henry, the property of Abraham Froman, of said county, not having the fear of God belore their eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the devil, on the twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and thirty-seven, with force and arms, at the county of Ray, aforesaid, in and upon one Dorcas Cleavenger, in the peace of God, and of the state of Missouri, then and there being, feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice aforethought, did make an assault ; and that they, said Ish and Henry, with both the hands of each of them, said Ish and Henry, about the neck and throat of her, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there, feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice aforethought, did fix and fasten, and that they, said Ish and Henry, with both the hands of each of them, said Ish and Henry, so, as aforesaid, fixed and fastened about the neck and throat of her, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there did violently squeeze and press; and that the said Ish and Henrv, also, then and there feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice aforethought, with both the hands of each of them, said Ish and Henry, threw the said Dorcas Cleavenger down to and upon the ground, and then and there they, the said Ish and Henry, feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice aforethought, jumped and pitched their knees in and upon the belly of the said Dorcas Cleavenger, giving to her, the said Dorcas Clavenger, then and there, by jumping and pitching their knees in and upon the belly of the said Dorcas Cleavenger, as aforesaid, one mortal bruise; as well of which said squeezing and pressing of the neck and throat of her, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, with both the handsof each of them, said Ish and Henry, as aforoesaid, as all of the jumping and pitching of the said Ish and Henry, in and upon the belly of the said Dorcas Cleavenger, as aforesaid, she, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there instantly died. And so the jurors aforesaid, upon their oath aforesaid, do say that the said Ish and Henry, her, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, in manner and by the means aforesaid, feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice aforethought, did then and there kill and murder. Against the form of the statute, in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the state.

T. C. Burch, Circuit Attorney. And the jurors aforesaid, upon their oaths aforesaid, do further present: That Ish, late of said county of Ray, a person of color, and a slave, the property of Richard Cleavenger, of said county of Ray; and Henry, late of said county of Ray, a person of color, and a slave, the property of Abraham Froman, of said county, not having the fear of God before their eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the devil, on the twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and thirty-seven, with force and arms, at the county of Ray, aforesaid, in and upon one Dorcas Cleavenger, in the peace of God and the state of Missouri, then and there being, feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice aforethought, did make and assault, and that the said Ish, his left hand about the neck and throat of said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there, feloniously, wilfully, and of his malice aforethought, did fix and fasten, and that he, said Ish, with his left hand, so as aforesaid, fixed and fastened about the neck and throat of her, said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there did violently, feloniously, wilfully, and of his malice aforethought, squeeze and press; and that the said Ish also then and there feloniously, wilfully, and of his malice aforethought, jumped and plunged the right knee of him, said Ish, in and upon the belly of the said Dorcas Cleavenger, giving to her, said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there, bv jumping and plunging his, said Ish's, right knee in and upon the belly of the said Dorcas, as aforesaid, one mortal bruise, as well of which said squeezing and pressing of the neck and throat of said Dorcas Cleavenger, with the left hand of the said Ish, as last aforesaid, as also of the jumping and plunging of the right knee of said Ish in and upon the belly of said Dorcas Cleavenger, as last aforesaid, she, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, then and there instantly died; and that the said Henry, at the time of committing the felony and murder last aforesaid, in manner aforesaid, feloniously, wilfully, and of his malice aforethought, was present, aiding, helping, abetting, comforting, assisting, and maintaining the said Ish in the felony and murder last aforesaid, in manner and form last aforesaid, to do, commit and perpetrate.

And so the jurors aforesaid, upon their oath aforesaid, do say that the said Ish and Henry, her, the said Dorcas Cleavenger, in the manner and by the means last aforesaid, feloniously, wilfully, and of their malice aforethought, did then and there kill and murder. Against the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the state.

The above indictment was returned a "true bill," July 10, 1837. On that day Ish and Henry were led into court, and having no counsel, Alex. W. Doniphan, William T. Wood and Eldridge Benner were appointed to defend them. Amos Rees was appointed to assist in the prosecution.

Thereupon, the court ordered and adjudged that the said defendants be remanded back to the jail of this county, there to remain in close confinement until Friday, the 11th day of August next, and on that day, between the hours of ten o'clock in the forenoon and three o'clock in the afternoon, they be taken from thence to a gallows, to be erected for the purpose at some convenient place, within one-half mile of the town of Richmond, there to be hung by the neck until each of them are dead; and that the sheriff of this county carry the foregoing into execution.

At the designated time and place, Ish and Henry were duly hanged by the neck until they were dead - Hardy Holman, sheriff, being the executioner.

The writer inadvertently omitted to state in the proper place, that the scene of the murder just narrated, was near what is now the site of Fredericksburg, or New Garden post office, in Fishing River township.

Unlawful Homicide

The first unlawful homicide was committed at or near Buffalo bridge, on Crooked river, in the year 1823, by one Love Snowden, a desperate character of untamed disposition, the brutal propensities of whose nature overwhelmed the promptings of a decent manhood.

The citizens of the neighborhood had met for social pastime, near the bridge above mentioned. A quarrel began between Snowden and a neighbor, named Woods. Persons gathered around the parties in order to quell the disturbance. The difficulty was, apparently, amicably settled, and the two men shook hands in token of peace. Every body thought the affair at an end, and for a while all went as smoothly as if nothing had occurred to mar the enjoyment of the occasion. But the fiendish fire of Snowden's nature was not permitted to smolder; it continued to rankle, till, in a moment of violent rage, he plunged a knife to the hilt in the breast of the unwary, unfortunate Woods, inflicting a wound of which he expired in a few moments.

Snowden was subsequently apprehended and placed in jail. His case came up for trial at the July term, 1824, of the circuit court; a change of venue to Lillard (Lafayette) county was granted.

Afterwards, however, he was brought before the judge of the Ray circuit court, on a writ of habeas corpus, directed to the sheriff of Lillard county.

For want of sufficient evidence, he was acquitted under the law of the land; but whether in the eyes of his countrymen and his God, is quite another matter.

The early records of the circuit court show that Love Snowden was arraigned before that tribunal no less than thirty times, within little more than three years, variously charged with assault and battery, stabbing, disturbing the peace, and finally with murder - after which his name disappears from the records.

At the close of the trial alluded to, Snowden went immediately to the house of his father, with whom the former's wife had been staying. The father and son became involved in a quarrel over a saddle, which the latter claimed belonged to his wife. The old man refused to give up the saddle, and the younger Snowden in order to get possession of it, brutally belabored his aged father. After this unfilial attack, Love Snowden left the community, to the delight, not only of the public in general, but even of his kindred, and has never been heard of since.

Caldwell and other counties, together with theft, arson and robbery, committed by the Mormons, the people became exasperated and resolved to expel the intruders from the community.

In October, 1838, a portion of a company of " minute men " commanded by Captain Samuel Bogart, having heard that a body of Mormons was camped near the northern line of Ray county, on Crooked river, determined to meet, and, if possible drive them back.

On the afternoon of October 24, Captain Bogart and his followers, marched to the neighborhood of the Mormon headquarters, and camped for the night on the river bank. All was quiet till about day-light the next morning, when the pickets of the " minute men " fired upon an approaching column of Mormon " saints," and retreated to camp.

Captain Bogart sent out two of his men to reconnoiter, with a view to ascertaining the strength of the enemy. Having found that the Mormons numbered about two hundred and fifty, and there being only forty-seven of the " minute men," the latter commenced a retreat under fire, which continued thirty minutes.

The " minute men " lost one killed - Moses Rowland. Samuel Tarwater and Thomas H. Lloyd were left on the battlefield for dead; they survived, however, and are still living - April, 1881. Two men, Edwin Odell, shot in the arm, and James Lockhart in the hip, were wounded.

Wyatt Craven was taken prisoner by the Mormons, but after taking him with them about twelve miles, he was released, and commanded to go in a certain direction. Fearing they meant him some further mischief, he darted oft in a direction opposite to the one he was ordered to follow. A Mormon, in ambush, called to him to halt, but Craven only ran the faster. The Mormon fired upon him, inflicting a slight wound, but he escaped.

In another part of this work will be found the statement that the first death by violence in the county, of which an official took cognizance, was that of James Buchanan. We here state that at the time of losing his life, Buchanan was alone in the woods. A hunter, coming along, chanced to descry him in a thicket of tangled undergrowth, and, mistaking him for a bear, fired and killed him. The accident occurred in the month of August, 1823.

A man named Lard and wife had raised to the age of ten a bright and attractive little girl, whose mother was dead. They were tenderly devoted to the child, and the latter, in turn, was warmly attached to its fosterparents. The child's father^ a man of low character, besides being quite indigent, lived in the neighborhood. Envying Lard and wife the happiness the little one afforded them, he demanded its possession, and threatened violence if the child was not returned to him. In taking the child to their home - upon the loss of its best friend on earth - its protectors were actuated by the purest motives of sympathy and humanity; they had learned to love the little orphan, and were unwilling to part with it. Fearing the father's threats would be put into execution, they determined to escape with the child to the south side of the Missouri; and at dusk one evening they, with old Mr. and Mrs. Wallace (Mrs. Lard's parents), entered a covered wagon and started southward. They reached the river, opposite Lexington, about midnight. The ferryman's hut was hard by; he was aroused, but at first refused to attempt to cross the river, as the water was high and the current swift; he portrayed the danger of the undertaking, and protested that he could not row them over - but Lard's story excited the ferryman's sympathy, and he consented to go. The summer night was calm and clear, yet lonely. The moon and stars were aglow in the heavens, and their lambent light, kissing the current's face, touched it to ripples of silver. The prow of the little flat-boat was drawn against the shore; the murmuring waters uttered a solemn warning, but the trembling little band, half heeding, half heedless, stepped aboard. Old Mr. and Mrs. Wallace sat in the wagon, which, with the horses attached, stood in the middle of the boat.

The dauntless ferryman hove anchor, and pushed out on the turbulent torrent. The party had proceeded some distance, when the boat, becoming unmanageable, was borne down by the strong current, and finally overturned. All went down - old Mrs. Wallace to rise no more, alive. Lard seized the little girl, swam with her to land, and heroically returned to the rescue of his wife, but met the ferryman gallantly swimming ashore, bearing the lady on his back; she was saved. Neither of the horses, nor the wagon was even seen again. The party, safe on land, bewailed the aged couple, supposing them both "beneath the wave; " but about two o'clock next day, old man Wallace was observed about three miles below the ferry, far out in the stream, clinging to a " sawyer," and partaking, of course, of its ceaseless upward and downward motion, a ride he had enjoyed for several hours, having for a saddle a large feather bed; for, when reached by the rescuer, it was found that in clasping the log, the old man's arm's also passed around the aforementioned article of household furniture.

Death At A Threshing Machine

July 10, 1880, Messrs. Wolf aad Youngblood were running a threshing machine on the farm of Mr. Wolf, in township fifty-two, range twenty-nine. A young man named Andrew Pollard, was employed by the proprietor as driver, and while the machine was in rapid motion, under full power, he stepped from his place where he was driving, to tighten a tap at the front boxing of the line shaft. The shaft was about eight inches above the ground, and Mr. Pollard stepped backward so near it, that the protruding bolt from the ring coupling caught in the strap of his boot. He was thrown to the ground with great violence, and revolved with the shaft many times, as the power was very high, and the machine could not be readily stopped. He was, of course, instantly killed, his body being horribly crushed and mangled.

Andrew Pollard was the son of Humphrey Pollard, Esq., and his death was not only an irreparable loss to his family, but a misfortune to the community, as he was an industrious, promising and honorable young man. He left to mourn his untimely death an amiable and affectionate young wife and three little children.

Bloody Tragedy

Christmas night, 1874, two men were together, one at his home near New Garden P. O., in Fishing River township, the other his visitor. They were having a good time together, partaking quite freely of strong drink, when, seeing, doubtless, that the tipplers were becoming too much intoxicated, a member of the host's family hid the jug containing what remained of the liquor; whereupon the other made some remark, expressive of what he would do in the event his wife or children should dare to hide his jug. This remark excited a quarrel and the two men began cutting each other with terrible effect, and continued till, from sheer exhaustion and loss of blood, they fell over on the bed. The wounds of one proved mortal, while the other recovered.

It is not intended to give the remote origin of the above tragedy, nor to rest blame on either combatant, but simply to recite an instance of the many unfortunate results, growing out of the use of ardent spirits.

The following list of homicides, committed in Hardin, was furnished us by Captain Thomas McGinnis, ex-sheriff of Ray county, and at one time a justice of the peace in Hardin, viz:

On the 24th day of June, A D. 1876, Richard Reeves and William Witcher lost their lives at the hands of a dastardly assassin, named Brice, who stabbed them with a knife. (Brice was apprehended and hanged by the outraged citizens the same night.)

It should be stated that most of the affrays above recited, were between men of extremely low character. Many of them were transients - tie choppers. Hardin is now a quiet, peaceable and progressive town.

Overflows Of The Missouri River

A memorable overflow of the Missouri river occurred in 1827. All the bottom lands in Ray county were overflowed, forcing the people to abandon their homes, and seek safety on the higher ground farther to inland. Several houses were washed away and considerable damage was done to stock, fencing and farm lands. But on the 14th, 15th and 16th days of June, 1844, took place the greatest and most distressing overflow of the Missouri river, known to the memory of any living man. Millions of property was destroyed, human lives lost, and untold personal suffering engendered. The bottom lands of this county were entirely inundated, buildings of every kind were swept away, stock killed, and plantations laid waste.

The crops of that season were well advanced, and promised a glorious harvest. Vast fields of wheat, oats, rye, and corn were submerged, and the water receded to leave them a desolate waste. Great suffering necessarily followed. The corn in the bottoms was especially luxuriant, and many persons were dependent upon the successful cultivation of that staple for a living. When it was destroyed their only resource for the necessities of life was the charity of the people.

April, 1881, will long be remembered as the month of another great and devastating overflow of the Missouri. The rise of 1881 was at an unusual time, being about six weeks earlier than the annual June rise.

In 1844 the tributaries to the Missouri were all greatly swollen, and, of course, helped to swell the vast volume of water. This was not the case in 1881, and accounts for the fact that in the latter year, above the mouth of the Kansas river, the volume of water was considerably greater than it was in 1844, and below that point much less.

As in the case of the two former rises mentioned, the bottom lands were ail under water, and a great deal of damage done, but crops had not been planted. Very little preparation of the soil to receive the seed, had been made, and as the flood began to recede after about three days, the land became dry in time to be plowed and cultivated in the usual way the ensuing season.

About twenty-seven years ago, Captain Thomas McGinnis forded the Missouri river, horseback, without getting wet, a short distance below Lexington and in sight of that town. The act was witnessed by about thirty persons, standing on the river bank. The water was very low, of course, lower perhaps than any person, now living, will remember to have seen it at any other time.

Petrified Stump

On the premises of D. C. Noftsinger, of Tinney's Grove, is a petrified stump, found in 1S58, northeast of Tinney's Grove, in section one, township fifty-four, range twenty-six.

The stump is about two and a half feet in height, and perhaps three feet in diameter. The roots are not yet entirely petrified, and will weigh doubtless five hundred pounds. Every growth of the timber is plainly visible, as also are the marks of the axe, made in severing the trunk; and in places indications of the inside bark still remain.

There was also found in 1847, on section fourteen, same township and range, portions of a petrified tree, in pieces from one foot to four feet in length, and about one foot in diameter. They are of the same color as the petrified stump, and are also very hard and flinty.

In March, 1841, a man named Martin Adams was killed on Main street, in Richmond, near Darneal's store, at the southwest corner of the public square. He met his death at the hands of one Ben White. It was late in the afternoon, and White stood in the street holding his horse, preparatory to starting for his home at Elkhorn. Adams was hard by. Gentlemen remarked the wild and infuriated visage of White, and told the sheriff, Colonel Brown, who was standing near, that he had better arrest him. Whereupon, hearing the caution, White begged to be searched, declaring himself unarmed.

Some words of altercation then passed between White and Adams, when the former threw a rock at the latter, and immediately ran toward him, drawing, as he ran, a large butcher-knife from a scabbard, con-

The deed was committed in the presence of citizens, whom the homicide kept at bay, flourishing his weapon and threatening violence to any who should dare to approach him. He continued to stab the prostrate and helpless Adams, till a gentleman from the crowd struck him on the back of the neck with a large rock, at which he rose with all the rage of an infuriated demon, and demanded to know who struck him; no one responded. Brandishing his bloody weapon in the air, and uttering oaths and threats, he defied arrest, till the intrepid Alexander Harwood, who carried a sword-cane, stepped in front of him, with weapon drawn, and commanded him to surrender, or be pierced through and through. Then, for the first time, White seemed to realize the enormity of what he had done, and was seized by the passion of fear. Trembling in everv muscle, the butcher-knife fell from his nerveless hands, and he quietly submitted to arrest.

White was a shoe maker and lived in Elkhorn; Adams was a farmer, residing in the neighborhood of that village. They had previously had a fight at Elkhorn, and in the breast of each rankled the spirit of revenge.

On the evening of the homicide, both men had been in Richmond throughout the day. Adams, it is said, followed after White, insisting that they should " fight it out," while the latter, professing a desire to avoid further difficulty, but really, it was believed, watching an opportunity to gain an advantage, told his pursuer to keep away from him, as he did not wish to " fight."

James Robinson was killed in the streets of Richmond about the year 1844, by one William Balser. A quarrel arose in a crowd near where the Wasson House now stands, in which a rough, named Tanner, was the most conspicuous participant. He was, however, a notorious cowardf and upon his refusal to fight, when a braver man than he, at last, offered him battle, the crowd gathered around and began jeering him; he then retreated, followed by the party, among whom were James Robinson and William Balser, the former preceding the latter in the pursuit. Balser, for what, or whether for any provocation is unknown, struck Robinson about the back of the head or neck, either with his fist or open hand; whereupon the latter turned upon his assailant, and, stabbing him but once in the abdomen, with a pocket-knife, inflicted a wound, which, in the course of the ensuing night, proved fatal. For this act, Robinson was sent to the penitentiary for ten years.

Richmond. Richard Allen, a worthy and respected farmer, who resided a few miles southeast of Richmond, was one day riding by the shop of Wingo, when the latter, with a double-barrelled shot-gun in his hand, stepped in the street in front of Allen and caused him to halt. Wingo told Allen he had been talking about him (Wingo) - slandering him - and commanded him to recant; but the latter denied the accusation, and Wingo discharged the contents of one barrel of his gun into the head of the defenseless Allen, making a horrible wound, of which he soon died. Wingo started to run, but had gone only a short distance when he was apprehended by a crowd of pursuing citizens. He was taken to jail, and confined till Judge Dunn called a special term of the circuit court for the purpose of trying him. On being brought into court, he was asked if he was ready for trial; he replied that he was not, and also refused to have any counsel, protesting that he needed none. The sheriff then started to return him to jail, and upon reaching the outer steps, was overpowered by a number of citizens, who, forcibly taking Wingo from him, threw a rope around his neck, and dragged him (part of the way over a newly macadamized street) on his face and hands, to a place a few hundred yards north of Colonel Child's present residence. There he was hanged by the neck to the limb of a tree. It was thought bv some, however, that life was extinct before he was hung up.

Wingo's body remained dangling in the air till the next morning, when it was taken down and buried. He was a very quarrelsome, desperate, and dangerous man, and the community was well rid of him.

Old man Woolard was a man whom everybody liked, though he had been somewhat wicked, but he had recently joined the Presbyterian Church, and his friends observed, with much satisfaction, that he had completely reformed. Wingo was to Mr. Woolard a source of great annoyance, having frequently threatened his life, and otherwise caused him considerable trepidation; in fact, kept him in constant dread. Coming up just as the party were in the act of dragging the culprit from the court house yard, the old man exclaimed in a loud but trembling voice: " Boys, if I must swear, hang him, him, hang him /"

Very Ungentlemanly

A crowd of curious countrymen, from various parts of our county, gathered at Old Bluffton, on a Sunday afternoon, to see the boat pass. Their horses were hitched near the river to limbs of trees and saplings. In due time the boat came along and paused at Old Bluffton. When ready to start, the captain caused the whistle to be blown, at which every horse took fright, broke loose, and ran away. One irate old gentleman, whose bridle was broken to pieces, angrily exclaimed: " The captain of that boat is no gentleman! He's no gentleman! He's a grand scoundrel! There goes my critter with a brand new bridle that cost me two-andthre'pence! He's no gentleman; if he had of been, he'd a called out to the people: 'Take care ot your critters, men, take care of your critters! I'm about to blow my whistle!'"

The dearborn, a vehicle no longer known by that name, was a kind of light, four-wheeled carriage, generally covered with white canvas, and much used by emigrants at an early day; but there lived on "timber ridge," in this county, a pioneer family, none of whom had ever seen a dearborn, nor a ship either, though the mother fancied she knew how the latter looked, and described it to her daughter, a maiden in her teens. One day a dearborn, covered as above, came in sight of the girl who was in the yard, whereupon she ran into the house, exclaiming, " Oh, mother, mother, there's a ship! it's a comin' right here! it's a ship! it's a ship! look mother, it's a ship! "

Very Likely

Mr. James Hughes, a worthy and prominent citizen of Richmond, on one occasion, at an early day, was traveling across the county, probably on an errand of business, or, it may be of pleasure; at any rate, he desired to ascertain the hour, and for that purpose called at the house of a lady, who he happened to know had recently purchased a clock from a well-known peddler, at that time canvassing the county. Riding up to the fence, Mr. H. politely inquired - "What time is it madam? " Looking at the brand new clock, the lady quickly responded - -" Well, I don't know 'xactly, mister, but it's some whar 'twixt the " strikin's."

Indebtedness

Twenty-five miles of track of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railroad passes through the southern part of the county, traversing southeast part of township fifty-two, and northwest corner of township fifty-one, range twenty-six; and township fifty-one, of ranges twenty-seven, twentyeight and twenty-nine.

Twenty-eight miles of track of the St. Joseph branch of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific railroad, passes diagonally across the county, from southeast to northwest, traversing townships fifty-one, fifty-two and fiftythree, of ranges twenty-seven, twenty-eight and twenty-nine.

Abstract Of Tax Book

for 1879 and 1880, showing taxable wealth, and state taxes charged to collector of Ray county. (State revenue tax, one-fifth of one per cent; state interest tax, one-fifth of one per cent):

For The Year Ending December 31, 1880

Amount expended on account of costs in U. S. district court. . 89.16 Amount expended on account county printing and publishing. . 553.50 Amount expended on account scrip issued to grand jury witnesses, by circuit clerk 331.00

First Day Of January, A. D., 1880 County Railroad Bonded Debt

I, Geo. W. Trigg, clerk of the county court, within and for the county of Ray and state aforesaid, hereby certify that the above and foregoing is a true and complete statement of the receipts and expenditures of said county, for the fiscal year ending December, A. D. 1880, as the same appears of record in my office.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and affixed the seal of said court, at office, in the city of Richmond, this 12th dav of March, A. D. 1881. Geo. W. Trigg, Clerk.

School Fund

Twenty-five per cent of the state revenue, and also certain fines and penalties, are set apart for the support of the public schools. The county is the custodian of this fund, and it is loaned at ten per cent interest, payable annually.

The amount expended in support of the public schools of Ray county for the school year ending on the first Tuesday in April, 1881, was tj>30,- 657.19.

Bank Statement

Official statement of the financial condition of the Ray County Savings Bank, at Richmond, state of Missouri, at the close of business the 30th day of April, 1881:

State of Missouri, County of Ray. We, T. D. Woodson, president, and H. C. Garner, cashier of said bank, and each of us, do solemnly swear that the above statement is true, to the best of our knowledge and belief.

T. D. Woodson, President. H. C. Garner, Cashier. Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 11th day of May, A. D. eighteen hundred and eighty-one.

Official statement of the financial condition of J. S. Hughes & Company, private bankers, at Richmond, state of Missouri, at the close of business on the 30th day of April, 1881:

Loans undoubtedly good on personal or collateral security. . .$ 83,685.65 Loans and discounts undoubtedly good on real estate security 16,735.98

We, Joseph S. Hughes and Burnett Hughes, two of the partners in, or owners of, said banking business, and each of us, do solemnly swear, that the above statement is true to the best of our knowledge and belief.

Population

Thus it is demonstrated that since the meeting of the first county court, in April, 1821, Ray county has steadily moved "onward and upward" in the scale of greatness. Though only cne-twelfth as large in area, her population is twelve times as great, while her increase in wealth - the result of material developments, accomplished by personal energy, industry and enterprise - is more than an hundred fold.

The county has grown, not only in material prosperity, but in all the elements of social refinement - in civilization, and in everything that contributes to the education, elevation and happiness of the people.

Her superior natural advantages and great resources, though not yet fully developed, have been utilized to the comfort, convenience and profit of thousands of her citizens; besides inviting others, in less favored lands, to come and make their homes within the limits of the richest county in one of the most fertile and charming regions on the continent of America.

The untrodden wilderness in which John Vanderpool was the first to settle, in the summer of 1815, has been converted into a veritable garden of wealth and beauty, interspersed with attractive homes and smiling villages, and has become the abode of a prosperous, happy and charitable people.

A delightful climate, productive soil, and unbounded resources, nature has done her part toward making old Ray the peer of any of her sister counties; the people have done the rest, and go on prospering and to prosper. Yet, much as has been done in the past, a great deal remains to be accomplished in the future. It will not do to be idle. While our prospects are roseate, let us

Unintermitting, goes up into heaven! Never the ocean wave falters in flowing; Never the little seed stops in its growing; More and more richly the rose heart keeps glowing,

Alexander W. Doniphan

Doniphan's exploits have been compared with those of Xenophon. Doniphan, with the first regiment of mounted Missouri volunteers, left Fort Leavenworth on June 12, 1846, and marched across the plains to Mexico, fought three important battles - Brazito, Sacramento and El Paso - conquered the states of Mexico and Chihuahua, and traveled more than 6,000 miles in twelve months, not a word being heard by the government from him in the meantime.

Alexander William Doniphan was born near Maysville, Mason county, Kentucky, July 9, 1808. He is* of English descent, though his paternal English ancestors immigrated to America in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and settled on the Potomac river, below Fredericksburg, Virginia, where the family name- is still preserved by other descendants. His father, Joseph Doniphan, was the second son of Alexander Doniphan, in honor of whom Colonel Doniphan was named. By the law of primogeniture, which then prevailed in Virginia, Joseph Doniphan inherited no real estate, and what he subsequently acquired was the result of his own industry and frugality. When the war of the revolution began, he was about seventeen years of age, and as King George county, where his father resided, was one of the first sections of that state to be overrun by the British army, both he and his brother George enlisted in the Colonial army. George was killed at his brother's side, but Joseph served with honor till the close of the struggle. The activity and excitement of the war aroused in young Doniphan a spirit of adventure, and, as he had to carve out his own fortune, he was attracted to the far west by the stories of its wonderful beauty, its fabulous fertility and its climatic salubrity. Soon after the declaration of peace and the cessation of hostilities, he accompanied that grim old pioneer, Daniel Boone, to the wilds of Kentucky, encountering hardships and perils for which the life he had previously led had given him a relish. After a short stay in Kentucky, he returned to Virginia, and there married Miss Ann Smith, a daughter of Captain William Smith, of Fauquier county. He removed with his family to Mason county, Kentucky, in 1790, and died there in March, 1813, -after a residence of twenty-three years, leaving his wife and seven children, three sons and four daughters, of whom only two, Mrs. Susan Frazee, widow of Dr. E. S. Frazee, of May's Lick, Kentucky, at present residing with her youngest son, near Rushville, west of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the subject of this sketch are now alive. The oldest brother, Dr. Thomas S. Doniphan, father of Colonel John Doniphan, of St. Joseph, Missouri, served as a surgeon in the war of 1812, and died near the old homestead in Kentucky.

Upon the widow now devolved the responsibility of providing for and educating her seven children, and right nobly did she discharge her trust. Alexander being the youngest child, the solicitude of his mother centered in him, and until his ninth }rear she carefully supervised his training. At that age, he was sent to his older brother, George, then living at Augusta, Kentucky, where he received the best educational training the village could supply. When he was fourteen years old the Methodists established a college at Augusta, and from this institution he graduated in 1827, with distinguished honors, being then in the nineteenth year of his age. Orville H. Browning, secretary of the interior under President Lincoln; Charles Cjark, late governor of Mississipoi; Alex. M. Spencer, late mayor of Cincinnati; and others who afterwards became more or less distinguished, were schoolmates of young Doniphan. After graduating, he devoted himself for six months to the study of ancient and modern history, and began the study of law in 1828, under the learned and able jurist, Martin Marshall, of Augusta, through whom he received a thorough training in common and statute law, obtaining a license to practice in the states of Ohio and Kentucky in the fall of 1829, at the age of twenty-one. During the winter of the latter year, he traveled extensively in the western and southern states, and located at Lexington, Missouri, in the spring of 1830. He had spent his patrimony and more, in acquiring an education and in fitting himself for his profession and when he reached Missouri, without either money to maintain himself or friends, or acquaintances to assist him, he was entirely dependent on those qualities that have never betrayed him - energy, perseverance and intellectual endowments. They proved equal to the emergency, and he succeeded well in Lexington; but he determined, for reasons satisfactory to himself, to change his residence to Liberty, Missouri, which he did in 1833. Here he remained' for thirty years, devoting the vigor of his younger manhood, and the experience of his maturer years, to the practice of the law, in which he rapidly rose to eminence.

With an ambition modified and restrained by sound judgment, an intellect capable of grasping and mastering the most intricate and abstruse propositions of law, a mind trained to reason correctly and reflect coolly, and an impulsive and impressive oratory, it is not strange that he won his way to distinction at the bar without the use of those arguments to which the weak resort. He grew in popular favor by the generous impulses of his own nature, and the superiority of his talents, and it is a singular fact that, though he was at times opposed in sentiment to the great body of his old associates and constituents, he never forfeited the affection of his friends or the respect of his enemies. In 1836, he was elected to represent Clay county in the ninth general assembly of Missouri, and, though young, he made a creditable record in that body. Twice afterward, in 1840 and in 1854, he was chosen to fill the same position, which he always did with honor to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents. In December, 1837, he married Jane Thornton, daughter of John Thornton, a well known, respected pioneer of Clay county. Mrs. Doniphan was a lady of refined sentiment, cultivated taste, and purity of character.

In the same year in which Colonel Doniphan was married, Governor Boggs called out a strong militia force to quell the disturbances of the Mormons at a place in Caldwell county, Missouri, by them called Far West. The defiant attitude of these people threatened to result in local war. General Doniphan commanded a brigade under Major-General Lucas, and by his address and soldierly bearing succeeded in bringing them to submission without bloodshed. About the middle of May, 1846, Governor Edwards, of Missouri, made a requisition for volunteers to join General Kearney in his expedition to New Mexico. General Doniphan joined Captain O. P. Moss' company from Clay county as a private. On the 18th of June, eight companies, which were to compose the 1st regiment, having arrived, an election of officers was had, which resulted in the choice of A. W. Doniphan as colonel. In taking charge of the regiment, Colonel Doniphan temporarilv abandoned a lucrative practice and a young family, to which he was tenderly devoted, to lend his aid in subduing the enemies of his country. The expedition was commanded by General Kearnev until Santa Fe was reached, when that o-allant officer took a portion of the command and went to California, leaving Colonel Doniphan, the first regiment and all other forces in New Mexico. It was the design of Colonel Doniphan to march upon Chihuahua as soon as Colonel Price, who was known to be bringing reinforcements, should arrive to take command of Santa Fe; but on the 11th of October he received instructions from General Kearney to proceed to the country of the Navajos, a brave, war-like, and semi-civilized tribe of Indians, whose territory lay on the western slope of the Cordilleras, and chastise and subdue them. Winter was approaching; the mountain summits were almost inaccessible; the dangers and difficulties were formidable, but the courage and intrepidity of General Doniphan did not allow him to count the cost. He therefore set about the execution of his orders with all possible dispatch, and, after a wearisome and exhausting march, reached the Navajos' country, and secured a treaty of amity. He then turned his face toward the Del Norte again to prepare for his expedition against Chihuahua, reaching Valverde about the 10th of December. Doniphan was to press on to Saltillo to join the forces of General Wool. The enterprise was fraught with danger, but this fact operated as a stimulus to excite rather than as a difficulty to daunt the young warrior and his gallant followers. He set out with eleven hundred and fifty men, including the first Missouri, one hundred men from the second Missouri, and two companies of the Missouri artillery battalion. On Christmas day a part of his command was attacked by twelve hundred Mexicans at Brazito. The engagement was short, sharp and decisive. In half an hour the Mexicans were forced from the field, leaving their dead and wounded where they fell.

On the 28th of February, 1847, near the city of Chihuahua, was fought the battle of Sacramento. Having traversed an unknown territory with a handful of troops, surrounded by enemies, and liable at any time to be attacked by a superior force, Colonel Doniphan was not now to be intimidated by a prospect, even of immediate peril. The American force numbered nine hundred and twenty-four effective men of all arms. The Mexican troops, under Major General Jose A. Hiredia, numbered four thousand, two hundred and twenty. Notwithstanding the superior force of the enemy, the fact that he had chosen his own position and fortified it well, such was the tact of General Doniphan that, after an engagement of three and a half hours, the Mexicans were utterly routed, with a loss of three hundred and twenty killed, five hundred and sixty wounded, and seventy-two prisoners, together with a large quantity of specie, stores, stock, guns and other munitions of war. The American loss was two killed and eleven wounded, three of the latter mortally. The city of Chihuahua was entered next day. Here Colonel Doniphan had hoped to join General Wool, but learned that he "was at Saltillo, besieged by Santa Anna. This, however, proved to be untrue, and in a few days he heard of the victory at Buena Vista, and not long afterward of the battle Of Cerro Gordo. The war was now virtually closed, and the troops slowly made their way to New Orleans, where they were mustered out of service, June 28, 1847. Upon their return to Missouri, the citizens of St. Louis gave the soldiers a grand reception, and they were welcomed by Senator Benton in a speech, to which Colonel Doniphan responded. Everywhere the commander and his heroic army were received with demonstrations of honor, showing that the people appreciated the dangers they had encountered and the results they had achieved. Colonel Doniphan returned to his home at Liberty, and resumed the practice of law. He remained in Liberty till in 1863, when he returned to St. Louis, where he remained till 1869. In 1861 he was one of the five delegates appointed to represent Missouri in the celebrated peace conference, and was one of the five from the border states, who, by special invitation, held an interview with President Lincoln, to counsel and advise as to the best method of preserving peace, maintaining the Union, and settling the difficulties that then environed the nation, and the only one now living. It was while absent on this mission that he was^chosen to represent his senatorial district in the state convention. By his marriage to Miss^ Thornton, the Colonel had two sons, to whose training he devoted much time and labor, but both died in youth. To his wife he was most warmly devoted, and her death, which occurred July 19, 1873, left him depressed and stricken. Before her death both he and his wife united with the Christian Church. In 1869 Colonel Doniphan returned to Western Missouri, and located in Richmond, where he now (1881) resides. Colonel Doniphan was a man of great physical strength, as his erect carriage, firm, elastic step, and graceful, easy movement, at the age of seventy-three, evince. He is six feet three inches in hight, compactly built, with a large frame and well developed muscles. Of an impulsive nature, which is restained by reason and an overmastering will power; brave, fearless, true to his convictions of right and duty, a sincere friend, a frank and open foe, he has gathered about him a host of friends, whose confidence and esteem are his highest eulogium.

Hon. George W. Dunn

George Washington Dunn, the present judge of the fifth judicial circuit of Missouri, was born near Harrodsburg, Mercer county, Kentucky, October 15, 1815. His father, Major Lemuel Dunn, a pioneer farmer of Kentucky, was the son of Michael Dunn, of Irish parentage, but a native of Virginia, and a noble defender of his country in the war for the independence of the American colonies. The mother of the subject of this sketch - whose maiden name was Sarah Read Campbell - was also a native Virginian, of Irish descent. Her father, John Campbell, was also a soldier in the war of the revolution. Major Dunn died in 1829, leaving his family in limited circumstances, on a farm, when George was only fourteen years old. Young as he was, he worked diligently through the summer, and attended school during the winter. He acquired such education as the family's finances would allow, at Cane Run Academy, Mercer county, excelling in mathematics. Although unable to take the full course at one of the higher institutions of learning, his unquenchable thirst for knowledge led him to eschew the usual pastimes of youth, and to devote every spare hour to study; and thus his ardor, close application, and self-denial made up for what his poverty disallowed. His mental tastes were of a very high order, far exceeding that of ordinary young men, and leading him into the advanced classics, law, general literature, and especially into the flowery fields of poetry, enabling him to " Touch the heart, or fire the imagination at will."

Nicholasville, Jessamine county, Kentucky; but he carried with him his books, which he continued, at every opportunity, to closely read and carefully study. At twenty, he began the study of the law, with the determination to allow no obstacle not absolutely insurmountable to prevent him from becoming, at least, a respectable lawyer. He continued the study of law with unyielding tenacity for three years, only interrupted by regular intervals of school teaching, which he was compelled to follow for a support. In that time he attended the law department of Transylvania University, and was a member of the class of 1836 and 1837. Among his classmates were Beriah McGoffin, afterward governor of Kentucky; Richard Yates, afterward governor of Illinois; the present Hon. Otho R. Singleton, of Mississippi; Reverend Jonathan E. Spillman, of Kentucky, and the present Hon. Samuel H. Woodson, of Missouri. At the close of the term he was licensed to practice law, by Judges Robertson and Marshall.

In the spring of 1839, Mr. Dunn settled in Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, and, opening a law office, practiced his profession in all the counties of the fifth judicial circuit. In the spring of 1861, he was appointed circuit attorney to fill a vacancy, and in 1811, was elected to that office without opposition, and filled it until 1818. During those seven years, besides being the prosecutor in all criminal cases in the circuit, he satisfactorily attended to a large practice in the civil cases. Judge Dunn had as his contemporaries at the bar many of the most eminent lawyers in the west, among whom were the following: Colonel A. W. Doniphan, Hon. David R. Atchison, Hon. Wm. T. Wood, Governor Peter H. Burnett, Hon. James H. Birch, Governor Willard P. Hall, Hon. Robert D. Ray, General B. F. Stringfellow, and others. In 1848, he was appointed judge of the fifth judicial circuit as successor of Hon. Austin A. King, who was that year elected governor of the state. He was elected judge of the same circuit in 1851, and again in 1857. In 1861, Judge Dunn retired from office, declining to take the test oath required of officers by the state convention of that year, and resumed the practice of law. In 1863, he was again elected judge of his old circuit by a large majority, and remained on the bench until 1865, when he, with others was thrown out of office by the vacating ordinance of the state convention . He again returned to the practice of his profession, and followed it until 1871, when he was elected without opposition as judge of the fifth judicial circuit, which position he now holds, having been again elected at the general election in November, 1880.

Whether as advocate or judge, few lawyers of this country hold higher rank than does Judge Dunn. The prime of his life has been spent at the bar and on the bench, and his contests have been with the most eminent lawyers of his time. His success as a lawyer, and his standing as a citi- zen are attested by his long continuance in office, in the affection of his fellow-attorneys; in his reputation throughout Missouri for ability and integrity, and in the universal confidence reposed in him by the people of his district. A late writer said of him: "He only sought the honors of the law." The compliment is only half true. While no lawyer is insensible to "the honors of the law," Judge Dunn has striven to honor the law more than to seek its honors. As a judge, he comprehends at once the law and facts of the case; and his analytical honors enable him to develop the points with such clearness and force, that his decisions commend themselves alike to the bar and to the people, being always fortified by both the law and the facts.

In politics Judge Dunn has always been a democrat, faithfully adhering to, and supporting the principles of his party in its darkest days. He is not a partisan, however, and freely accords the right of individual opinion, holding the man all the more honorable for a candid, outspoken, but respectful expression of his honest convictions. Granting that the judiciary is not a " political " office, in the vulgar meaning of that term, Judge Dunn has nover been a candidate for any political position. He was a member of the state convention of 1861, called to consider the relations existing between the state of Missouri and the federal government. In that body he voted against secession, as well as against all other radical measures. Judge Dunn has ever exhibited a deep interest in the cause of education, and has been a warm friend of all educational institutions. When a young lawyer he became a member of Richmond Lodge, No. 57, A. F. & A. M., and at different times has held various important offices in that body. He is also a member of the Presbyterian Church. On the 19th day of May, 1841, at Nicholasville, Kentucky, George W. Dunn was united in marriage with Miss Susan Martha Henderson, daughter of Bennett Henderson, and grand-daughter of Colonel Joseph Crockett, an officer in the Revolutionary war. They have had five children, only one of whom, John Henderson Dunn, is now living. Judge Dunn has always evinced a taste for literature, which he has cultivated to a high degree. He has divided his affections between the goddess of justice and the fair nymph of poesy, and without having slighted either, shows that he has knelt at the shrine of both. He has given to the public many poetical effusions; gems in verse, of rare beauty and acknowledged merit. Judge Blackstone, on taking up the law, bade " farewell to his muse," but Judge Dunn continued to woo the winsome goddess; and while he will long be remembered as one of the ablest jurists of his day, he will not be soon forgotten as one of the genuine verse writers of the land, and the only poet who has found in the prosy proceedings of a court of justice, themes for poetical song. "The Temple of Justice," written by him a few years ago, and dedicated to the bench

Robert Sevier

Robert Sevier, eldest son of Valentine Sevier, Esq., was born October 13, 1807, in Greenville, Tennessee. His grandfather, Robert Sevier, with several brothers, left his home in Tennessee to join the American army of the Revolution, and served with distinction in North Carolina against Cornwallis. The elder Robert Sevier held a commission as colonel of volunteers, and held this command at the battle of King's Mountain, where he received wounds of which he soon afterwards died. These brothers were also held in high estimation in civil life; one of them, John Sevier, was governor of Tennessee, after the war. Robert Sevier, the subject of our sketch, was entered a cadet at West Point, in 1824, and was graduated in 1S28, brevet second lieutenant, and July 1, 1828, second lieutenant sixth infantry, joining his regiment at Jefferson barracks, Missouri. He served with the expedition on the upper Arkansas in 1829; Ft. Leavenworth, in 1829-32; in the Black Hawk war in 1832 against Sac and Fox Indians; Ft. Leavenworth in 1832-31; Jefferson barracks in 1831-36; Camp Sabine and Ft. Jessup, Louisiana, in 1836. Adjutant sixth infantry, from August 1, 1836, to October 31, 1837; in Florida war in 1837; resigned, October 31, 1837.

After his resignation, he remained two years in Tennessee. He spent the winter of 1839-10 in Liberty, Clay county, Missouri, seeking a location for business. In 1810 he entered into the mercantile business in Richmond, Missouri, where his remaining years were passed. In 1815, he was elected clerk of the circuit court and ex-officio recorder of deeds of Ray county, which office he retained for twenty years. In 1865 the con- stitutional convention of Missouri removed such officers then in commission as refused to take and subscribe the oath of loyalty. Major Sevier was removed, and thereafter persistently remained in private life, although often solicited to occupy positions of trust, living on his farm. In 1851 he married Miss Ann H. Sibley, who died January 20, 1852. The issue of this marriage is Charles Sevier, a very worthy gentleman, occupying the paternal home at this time, with an interesting family; and a daughter, Isabel, who died at the age of nine. His second marriage was with Mrs. Maria Embree, a sister of ex-Governor Austin A. Kino, of Missouri. This lady survives him. Inheriting the talents and disposition of such an ancestry, his aspirations, even in boyhood, could be onlv of a high character. Having a vigorous mind, and using wisely his fine advantages in the acquisition of an education, his manhood was matured in the highest meaning of the word. Many graduates will readily remember their associations with him; his genial disposition; his amusing stories; his soldierly bearing - and these reminiscences must needs be very pleasant. During his term of military service, the army was small, and promotion slow ; opportunities for gaining distinction were seldom found, and many young officers, who had families, retired to civil life. Major Sevier was in many respects well suited for military duty; he was remarkably intelligent, patient, brave, and uncomplaining. He retired from the service amidst the regrets of his army associates, and was welcomed into civil life by a large circle of friends. The' evidences of the value of one's education are not to be sought for in military history alone. In the peaceful pursuits of private life, the man who acts well his part, educating his children in the fear and love of God; desciplining them to pass through the trials of life bravely and honestly; manifesting by every foot-fall in the pathway of life a true and determined integrity and usefulness, is by no means to be placed in low estimation. Such men build up and strengthen the free institutions of our country; adding to her wealth and honor, her usefulness to mankind, her reputation for good among the people of every land.

It is dificult to find a better reputation than established by Major Sevier during his life-time. Every tongue is ready in his praise. The history of his honest, cheerful manhood, so gracious to his fellow-citizens, seems wrell written in every heart; and his disposition to kindness made any business intercourse with him very pleasant. The business and professional men of Richmond, Missouri, are widely known as gentlemen of the highest standing, and the great esteem in which they held Major Sevier, speaks loudly in his praise. He was never at loss for an agreeable subject of conversation; an interview with him never failed to please, as well as to instruct. He was a most sincere believer in the truth of the revealed religion of our Lord Jesus Christ, and an honest professor thereof. He was not ashamed to own his allegiance to his God; he was, however, very unostentatious and unobtrusive. His profession of religion was made in 1851, and steadfastly maintained until death. For many years, he was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church. The internal evidences of the truth of Christianity sank deeply into his mind, and his faith, strengthened from year to year by careful study and reflection, only added to the strength of his convictions. " Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return," with him is fully realized. He died May 16, 1879, at Richmond, Missouri, aged seventy-one years.

Joseph S. Hughes

Joseph S. I^ughes is a native of Jessamine county, Kentucky, and was born January^ll, 1820. He is the sixth son and seventh child of John Hughes and Elizabeth (Berry) Hughes. His grandfather, Joseph Hughes, whose father settled on the eastern shore of Maryland at an early day, was of Welch descent. He married Sarah Swann before the revolution, and afterwards served gallantly in that war. In 1777, he moved to Pennsylvania, and settled in the old Red Stone Fort (now Brownsville), on the Monongahela river, where John Hughes was born on the 26th of November, 1777. The family remained at that place till 1779, when they removed to Kentucky, and for a number of years lived at Bryant's station. After the Indian troubles subsided, they settled in Jessamine county, Kentucky. The father of the subject of this sketch, as well as his maternal grandfather, Samuel Berry, were soldiers in the war of 1812, and served with becoming bravery under General Harrison. In 1822, when Joseph was but two years old, his father emigrated to Missouri, and located in Boone county, becoming one of the pioneer farmers of that section. Joseph S. Hughes remained with his father on the farm until he was eighteen years of age, when, in 1838, he came to Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, where he now resides, and engaged as salesman in a dry goods store, and continued to act as clerk and salesman until the year 1811. In that year, by patient industry, self-denial and economy he had acquired sufficient means to begin merchandizing on his own account. He continued the business alone until 1819, when he and George I. Wasson, Esq., of Richmond, formed a copartnership for the purpose of carrying on a general mercantile business, under the firm name of Hughes & Wasson. This copartnership existed till 1859. March the 1st, 1856, Joseph S. Hughes was elected secretary of the Richmond Insurance Company, and continued to fill that position until June 23, 1859, at which time he was elected cashier of the branch of Union Bank, located at Richmond and served as such till the national banking law supplanted the state banks. The parent bank, organized under the national banking law virtually closed the branches, and on the first day of January, 1866, the subject of our sketch and Geo.

I. Wasson, Esq., became the purchasers of the assets of the Richmond branch bank, and organized a private banking house, under the style of Hughes & Wasson, which continued till January 1, 1877, when George I. Wasson sold his interest to James Hughes and his son, Burnett Hughes. Since that time the business has been conducted under the firm name of J. S. Hughes & Co., private bankers and exchange dealers.

In 1869, when the St. Louis & St. Joseph railroad (now St. Joseph branch of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific), was completed to Richmond, Joseph S. Hughes, with Messrs. John Gibson and William Wilson, commenced sinking a shaft for the purpose of developing the coal interests in the vicinity of Richmond. The undertaking was quite successful, and by energy, unyielding perseverance and close attention to business, they have built up a trade of exceeding magnitude, which greatly augments the business and material wealth of Richmond and surrounding country. It is individual effort, industry and enterprise that most largely contribute to the growth and prosperity of the entire country. While personal energy, incited by a laudable ambition, enhances one's individual interests, it, at the same time, promotes the welfare of the community. This being true, it is safe to say that there is not a more useful citizen in Ray county, than the subject of our sketch. Messrs. J. S. Hughes & Co., are now operating three mines, and employ upwards of one hundred miners. Their coal is shipped to St. Joseph, whence, through their house at that place, it is distributed in large quantities to southern Nebraska and northern Kansas.

On the 2d day of October, 1844, Joseph S. Hughes was married to Miss Ann Laura Hughes, step-daughter of the late Major John H. More- *head, of Richmond, Missouri. They have an interesting, intelligent family of six children, four sons and two daughters. Their oldest son, George A. Hughes, is book-keeper in the banking house of J. S. Hughes & Co., and is also interested with his father in the Richmond coal mines. Charles B., the second son, is also clerking in the same bank. Their elder daughter, Martha S. (Hughes) Ferguson, is the wife of James M. Ferguson, Esq., a merchant of Columbia, Missouri. Their younger daughter, Mary E., now at school at Christian College, Columbia, Missouri, and their two youngest sons, Robert L. and John, are living with their parents and attending the public schools of Richmond. Mr. Hughes has lived in Richmond many years. He has seen the town grow from a rude hamlet to a business place of considerable importance; and to him, and such gentlemen as he, that growth, as well as the corresponding progress of the county, is largely due.

James Hughes

James Hughes was born March 30, 1814, in Jessamine county, Kentucky. He was the tilth son, sixth child, of John and Elizabeth Hughes. His mother was a daughter of Samuel Berry, who served as a soldier in the war of 1812. His father was born in the old Red Stone Fort, (now Brownsville) in Pennsylvania, in the year 1777, whence he was taken with the family to Bryant's station, Kentucky, where they lived for several years. Afterwards, for many years, his father resided in Jessamine county, Kentucky. In 1822, when James was eight years old, his father removed with his family to Missouri, and settled in Boone county, where he was a pioneer farmer. James Hughes' father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and served under General Harrison. His maternal grandfather served under the same distinguished officer. His grandfather, Joseph Hughes, was a soldier in the revolutionary war. James Hughes spent his boyhood days in working with his father on the farm, and received his education at a country school, which was subsequently known as Bonne Fcmme Academy. When he was sixteen years old, he came, in 1830, to Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, and engaged as clerk and salesman in a dry goods store, continuing as clerk and salesman for different leading mercantile firms in Richmond until 1837, when he engaged in merchandising on his own account, in partnership with his brother, Willis Hughes. The firm continued to do an extensive, profitable business, till 1845, when, closing his career as a merchant, our subject removed to the country, and engaged in farming and dealing in live stock, which pursuit he followed steadily, energetically and successful for more than thirty years. During all that period he occupied the front rank among the best farmers' in the state. He was even more successful as a farmer than as a merchant. In January, 1877, he returned to Richmond and entered into the banking business in partnership with his brother, Joseph S. Hughes and his son, Burnett Hughes. His two sons, Ami and Allen Hughes, are farming and dealing in live stock on the old homestead in the country. This is a model farm of eight hundred and eighty-two acres, improved on the most modern plan, and well stocked with the finest breeds of stock of all kinds. Mr. Hughes is also largely interested in other real estate in different parts of the county.

James Hughes was married in 1842, to Miss Elvira Smith, of Ray county, Missouri, formerly of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. His wife died on the 16th day of January, 1877. They raised a family of eight children, six sons and two daughters. Their oldest child, Elizabeth V., is the wife of William H. Mansur, cashier of the Bank of Salisbury. Their son, Newton Hughes, is a clerk in the same bank. Henry Clay Hughes, their oldest son, is a successful farmer, in Carroll county. Berry Hughes, another son, is a farmer, and resides near Richmond, Ray county. Their youngest child, a daughter, Louisa R. Hughes, is living with her father, in Richmond. In politics, James Hughes was a Henry Clay whig, but since the death of the great Kentuckian, and the dissolution of the whig party, he has been, and continues to be a firm, but consistent, democrat. He feels, as he has ever felt, a deep interest in the welfare, prosperity, and future greatness of his county, state, and country. Such men are the bulwarks of free government. James Hughes, in all the avocations of life in which he has been engaged, has displayed energy, integrity, and a just regard for the rights of his fellow-man. He, therefore, enjoys the confidence of all who know him. He is spending even his declining years in active business, as a banker, and in promoting the comfort, competence, and happiness of his children. Estimating James Hughes by the good he has done, he deserves to be more highly eulogized than many whose names have been emblazoned in historv- The same honorable career our subject has pursued is open to thousands of young men everywhere. The name of James Hughes will be a rich heritage for his children, when he shall have ceased from his earthly labors, and his good deeds shall be embalmed in their memories.

Charles J. Hughes

Charles J. Hughes was bora near Paris, Bourbon county, Kentucky, June 27, 1822. His father, William Hughes, was a native of Culpepper county, Virginia, and with his parents moved to Kentucky, and was one of the early settlers of that state. He had no advantages of education, having early in life enlisted as a soldier in the United States arnrry for the repression of Indian hostilities, where he served with due devotion and gallantry under General Arthur St. Clair. In the Indian fight, known as St. Clair's defeat, which took place near where Cincinnati now stands, November 4, 1791, he was wounded. He moved with his family to Boone county, Missouri, in 1827, and settled two and a half miles south of Columbia. Throughout his life he was esteemed for his high moral character, and his home was ever the seat of hospitality and a place of social enjoyment. In the year 1840 William Hughes died, respected by all his acquaintances. The maiden name of Charles' mother was Lucy Neal. She was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, and was of highly respected parentage. She died shortly subsequent to the death of her husband. The subject of this sketch had five brothers and three sisters, all of whom are now dead, except the youngest brother, Julius C. Hughes, of Colorado; Laura (Hughes) Sickles, widow of the late Doctor Sickles, of St. Louis, and Catherine, wife of Doctor A. M. Robinson, of Clinton county, Missouri. Charles received a good education from

Columbia College, but pecuniary embarrassment compelled him to quit school. He, however, continued to be a close student. He was noted during his boyhood years as a bright and thorough scholar, so far as he had advanced in the college curriculum. After leaving school he hired out by the month, and was engaged six months with a surveving party on the Great Chariton river, in Adair county, Missouri. After his return home he entered the law office of Honorable J. B. Gordon, of Columbia, then regarded as among the most prominent lawyers of the state. After a severe course of some eighteen months' study in this office, he went to Monticello, and for some time studied law in the office of Honorable James S. Green, when he settled down to the practice of his profession, in Kingston, Caldwell county, Missouri, a stranger, without money and without friends. He soon acquired a good practice, being retained on one side or the other of all important litigated cases in the courts of his county, besides having a respectable practice in other counties of the fifth judicial circuit. Shortly after becoming a citizen of Caldwell he was appointed county seat commissioner of Kingston. In 1844 he was elected to represent his county in the lower house of the general assembly, and in 1846 was re-elected, and again in 1848, but resigned, and devoted his time and attention diligently to the practice of his profession till 1856, when he was again elected to the same position, and served faithfully and efficiently for two years. During his terms of service in the general assembly, he occupied prominent positions, being appointed a member of many of the most important committees. He was chairman of the committee on federal relations, a member of the judiciary committee, and of the committee on constitutional" amendments, etc. When the cloud of civil war hung like a pall of darkness over the country, he, like others, hoped in vain for compromise. He desired that bloodshed should be avoided, if possible, and consistent with the honor and dignity of the union.

In 1863, Charles J. Hughes, with his family, moved to Richmond, Ray county, Missouri, and after what was known as the test oath was required of lawyers, preachers and teachers, he looked upon it as a deep and dangerous scheme to subvert the rights of the people; refusing to take such oath, he removed to Kansas City in the fall of 1865, and engaged in the real estate business, which he continued till the spring of 1867, when the supreme court having declared the test oath unconstitutional, he returned to the city of Richmond, and resumed the practice of law, soon re-establishing himself in an extensive lucrative practice. In the spring of 1871, he was elected mayor of Richmond. In 1872 he w-as elected by the Democratic voters of Ray county, judge of the court of common pleas. This court was abolished in 1874, and Judge Hughes was, that year, elected judge of the county and probate court. In 1878 he was elected judge of the probate court and presiding justice of the Ray county court. Judge Hughes held by appointment the office of county and circuit attorney, county school commissioner, and curator of the state university, and was, also, for a number of years director of the school board of the Richmond graded school. He is the ardent friend of education, regarding it as the paramount duty of our country to prepare, by liberal, free education, the youth of the land for useful and honorable positions in life. Whilst a member of the legislature he aided in procuring the 500,000 acre land grant to the public school fund. Judge Hughes is, likewise, a warm advocate of internal improvement, as is evidenced by the fact that he introduced into the Missouri legislature the first memorial from his county, asking for the chartering of the Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad, and aiding the same. He is a member of the Christian Church at Richmond, and in his habits is temperate, industrious and upright. He is widely known as a true friend, a generous neighbor, genial, obliging and kind. He began life without means, and has succeeded by dint of untiring energy and perseverance. It has always been his pride to aid the young when starting out in life; nor have the deserving indigent ever called on him in vain. In politics, Charles J. Hughes is a democrat of the strictest faith; always conceding to others, however, the right of enjoying and expressing their opinions. June 9, 1850, he was married to Miss Susan Catharine Pollard, daughter of William C. Pollard, who represented Ray county in the legislature from 1834 to 1836, and wrho was captain of a companv in Indian wars, and also in Colonel Richard Gentry's regiment in the Florida war.

Judge Hughes and wife have six children, three sons and three daughters, the eldest of whom, Charles James, Jr., graduated from Richmond College, and is a fine scholar. He is now a successful lawyer, having prepared himself for his profession at the State University, at Columbia. He was married to Miss Lucy Menefee, of Richmond, in September, 1874, and now resides in Denver, Colorado. The other five children are at home with their parents, to-wit: William Pollard, Margaret, Catharine, Luanna J., John, and Edna.

Hon. Jacob Tripler Child

Jacob Tripler Child wras born in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 19, 1833. His father, Ezekiel Child, was a descendant of one of the Quaker families that came with William Penn to America. Some of them still live in Philadelphia, where they first settled. He was a natural mechanic, and spent much of his time in perfecting locomotive steam engines. He died of cholera, at Richmond, Virginia, in 1856. The mother of the subject of this sketch, Susan L. Child (whose maiden name was Tripler) was of a Danish family of pioneers that settled in Delaware at a very early day, but afterwards removed to Richmond, Virginia. Ezekiel and Susan L. Child had six children. The eldest, John T. Child, is a citizen of Wilmington, North Carolina; L. T. Child, of Worcester, Massachusetts; Jesse Child, of Richmond, Virginia; Elizabeth L. is now the wife of W. C. Tripler, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Susan is the wife of Colonel James W. Black, a lawyeu of Richmond, Missouri, and Jacob T., the subject of this sketch, who is the fourth son. Jacob T. Child received a common school education, and when fifteen years of age, entered the office of the Richmond (Virginia) Whig, where he served an apprenticeship of five years, at the expiration of which time, he was employed in the same office for three years, thus becoming an adept in the profession. In 1856 he, in company with a party of young men, emigrated to Kansas. During the border ruffian troubles, he left that state and went to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he engaged with the editor of the Cycle. In 1857, he established the triweekly Journal, which in a short time, he converted into a daily - the first in the Missouri valley. In 1861 he sold the Journal, and edited the Gazette a short time; after which he founded the Evening News, a strong democratic paper. He then removed to Richmond, Missouri, and purchased the Northwest Conservator, the name of which he changed to Richmond Conservator, of which he is still (1881) the editor and proprietor. The Conservator has never failed to appear at the appointed day each week - not even on July lfth, 1869, when a tornado unroofed the building. At the beginning of the late civil war, Jacob T. Child accepted the appointment of major, in Governor Stewart's regiment, which, however, did not go into service. He was then appointed adjutant of the 35th Missouri volunteers, and served on the lower Mississippi, under General Grant. He was next promoted to be captain of company F, which position he resigned on account of ill health. He afterwards organized a company of Missouri militia (Papaws), and was chosen first lieutenant, engaging in active service until the close of the war. In 1874, he represented Ray county in the twenty-seventh general assembly, and served creditably on several important committees. At the close of his term, he was elected mayor of the city of Richmond.

Colonel Child has always taken an active part in politics, and has been a delegate to every democratic state convention since his identification with that party. Like many of our great men, he is not renowned for his oratory, but has wide influence with his party, intrepidly using the columns of his paper to advance those measures of state and national politics, which he believes to be conducive to the general welfare of the people. He has been a member of- the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for more than twenty years; is now president of the Missouri press association, and has held many other important offices. Jacob T. Child was married April 23d, 1861, to Elizabeth Rebecca McRoberts, of Kentucky, whose father was Major Andrew McRoberts, one of the pioneers of the mountains, and resided at Cumberland Gap, where he was celebrated for his courage, strength and endurance. He and his wife, with whom he has lived for more than fifty years, reside with their daughter in Richmond, Missouri. Colonel and Mrs. Child have five children, four sons and one daughter. He is a member of the Christian Church, and is deeply interested in everything that has a tendency to promote the cause of education and religion in the community in which he lives, and his future is full of promise.

Thomas D. Bogie

Thomas Dudley Bogie, a native of Kentucky, was born on Silver Creek, in Madison countv, August 26th, 1838. Paternal grandfather was born on board of a vessel, on the Atlantic ocean, between Europe and the United States. His father, Thomas Bogie, also a native of Madison county, Kentucky, was of Scotch descent, and was born in December, 1804. His mother, Frances S. (Stephenson) Bogie, was born in the same locality in 1818.

Thomas D. Bogie, being the son of a farmer, was raised on a farm, and, performing the labor incident to that vocation, lived till he attained his majority, in the vicinity of his place of birth. The schools of his neighborhood were few and inferior, and hence his school advantages were quite meagre. He attended the common schools, such as they were, three months in the winter, and the rest of the year aided his father on the farm - a work from which he lost not a single season till he was twentyone years of age. His attendance at school, altogether, did not exceed eighteen months. In September of 1859, young Bogie, then twenty-one, accompanied his father and family to Randolph county, Missouri, and the following spring embarked in the mercantile business in Huntsville, that county. He continued merchandising, with varied success, till 1869. The first year of his experience as a merchant, was, on account of the civil war, quite unprofitable; from 1866, however, till he abandoned the mercantile business, he was very successful. When, in 1870, he sold his interest in the dry goods store, Col. Bogie entered into the printing business, becoming the partner of J. S. Hunter, Esq., and with that gentleman, was editor and proprietor of the HuntsviUc Herald, and so continued till January, 1875, when he bought Mr. Hunter's interest, and conducted the paper as sole proprietor until January, 1879. March 16th, 1872, he started, in connection with Hunter, the Keytesville Herald, which they conducted successfully for two and a half years, "at the same time owning and editing the Huntsville Herald. In January, 1879, Col. Bogie sold the Huntsville Herald to Elmore Fort, Esq., and the following April moved to Richmond, Missouri, and here, April 5th, purchased the printing establishment of S. J. Huflaker, editor and proprietor of the Ray Chronicle, the name of which he subsequently changed to Richmond Democrat, and under that name still (1881) owns, edits and conducts the paper. December 8th, 1863, in Callaway county, Missouri, Col. Bogie was married to Miss Doratha Virginia Maughas, a native of Danville, Montgomery county, Missouri, and daughter of the late Dr. M. M. Maughas, of Callaway county. They have four children, one of whom, Charles F., born September 26th, 1865, died February 13th, 1S66. The living are: Dudley T., Mordecai M. and Rector S. Col. Bogie's father died in July, 1873, at his home in Randolph county, Missouri, aged sixty-nine. His mother died in May, 187-1, at Keytesville, Chariton county, aged fifty-six. He has been a Mason since 1861; is a member of Blue Lodge and of the Royal Arch Chapter; he is also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, of the Knights of Pythias, and of the Christian Church. The success achieved by Thomas D. Bogie is a striking example of what may be accomplished by devotion to duty, talent, industry and perseverance. The young man who emulates his example, will be happily rewarded, and his pathway to the grave will be all strewn with roses.

Silas R. Crispin

Silas R. Crispin was born August 28, 1837, in Fayette county, Ohio. When about ten years of age his parents moved with him to Highland county, that state, where he grew to manhood. His father, Abel Crispin, born in 1819, was a native of Pennsylvania. He died in Highland county, above mentioned, in 1856. His mother, Mary A. (Wilson) Crispin, was born in Mason county, Kentucky, and died in 1852. In 1857, when he was twenty years old, Silas R. Crispin moved to Lafayette county, Missouri, and has ever since been a resident of the state. He was first employed as overseer of a plantation, but afterward engaged in the freighting business across the plains for a time, running a train of wagons to Denver, Colorado. In the winter of 1858-'59 he went to Mexico, by way of St. Louis and New Orleans, and bought mules, which he brought to Lexington, Kentucky, and sold. In the spring of 1860 he again crossed the plains, to Denver, Colorado. In 1862 he joined the Confederate army, and served in company I, Colonel Gardner's regiment of General Joe O. Shelby's cavalry brigade. At the organization of his company, Mr. Crispin was elected second lieutenant. He participated, among others, in the following engagements: Camp Hurky, Lone Jack, Springfield, Prairie Grove, Newtonia, Hartsville, Little Rock, Spoonville, Mark's