Prairie Township (part 2 of 4)

The most important engagt'inent that occurred between the Federals and Confederates during the war, in Howard county, took place at Glasgow.

souri in 18ii4, and while lie, with a portion (if liis forces were ocou[)\- ing Boonville, Cooper county, he ordered General John B. Chirk, .)r., to attack Glasgow. Clark's command consisted of his own brigade of cavalry, ^Marmaduke's brigade, Shelby's forces, which numbei'ed at the time some three hundred men, and Colonel S. L. Jackman's command, all told, about seventeen hundred men, with seven pieces of artillery.

Glasgow was occupied by Colonel Chester Harding, who commanded the 43d regiment of Missouri Volunteers. General .Shojin-. witli one piece of artillery, commenced the attack on the niorningOf the 15th of October, 18(14, at the dawn of day, from the western bank of the river. General Shell)y moved his forces about sunrise up the eastern bank of the river, and opened a hot tire from his battery of six pieces (Major Pratt's artillery), which he stationed on the hills south of town.

Shelby first directed his tire against The steamer Western \\'ind, which was lying at the wharf and occupied by Union soldiers. The boat was soon disabled and abandoned, when he turned his guns U[)- on the city hall, which was used by the Union forces as a commissar v depot. Before ten o'clock a. m. the garrison defending the town was compelled to take to their rifle pits, which had been iircpaved at one of the highest points of ground in the town. The Confederates had completely surrounded the place and were closini: in on the ritle pits, when the city hall was set on fire. A strong wind was blowinir at the time from the northwest, and the fire was communicated to twelve or tifteen houses, which were entirely consumed with their contents. About 1 o'clock p. m. the garrison surrendered. Theie was fifty or sixty men killed iuu\ wounded of the Union forces, and about an equal number on the Confederate side.

The prisoners were sent under an escort to Boonville, at their own request, fearing that if thej- remained unarmed at Glasgow, thev would be killed by the guerrillas and bushwhackers.

Dr. J. P. Vaughan, one of the oldest residents of Glasgow, went voluntarily out of the city during the engagement to the plare where General Clark was sitting on his horse, watching the progress of the tight, to prevail upon the general if he could, to cease firing upon the city. He volunteered to be the bearer of a flag of tiuce, and actually rettn'ned to the city with a flag from General Clark, which he carried to the headquarters of Colonel Harding. General Clark in-

I'draicd tlie writer that wliilo the doctor was makinir his way back to the Federal commander's presence, on foot, he couhl occasionally see the dust rise from the ground, in front and upon every side of tlie doctor, which was thrown In' bullets from guns in the rifle pits. 'J'lie doctor, however, nothing daunted, delivered his message and returned to General Clark with Colonel Harding's answer.

During the engagement a battalion of Confederates occupied the elegant residence of W . F. Dunnica, whicli was located about 225 yards from the rifle pits. The house had ten openings fronting the })its, which were filled with sharpshooters. Six of the soldiers were woimded in the house; the building and furniture were greatly damaged, as the house was pierced by about three hundred bullets (this number being afterwards counted on the side fronting tlie rifle pits).

After the tight, the noted guerrilla chief, Quantrell, came up to General Clark and told him that he (Quantrcll) was the flrst man to reach the rifle pits after the surrender. The General said that he was not aware of Quantrell's presence at any time during the engagement, but saw him afterwards.

On tlie evening of the seeomi day, after the surrender, Quantrell, with his company of marauders, cut-throats and thieves, entered Glasgow, and sent two of his men to Mr. W. F. Duunica's residence, commanding them to bring him to his bank (bank of Thomson & Duunica), which they did. After reaching the bank, Mr. Dunnica was compelled to unlock the bank vault and safe and deliver their contents to the thieves. Mr. Dunnica had anticipated something of the kind and had, the day before, buried $32,000, which he saved. Quantrell took all the money in the safe ($21,000) and told Mr. D. that he would conduct him home, so his men on the streets would not molest him, and did so.

Mass Meeting After The War

At a mass meeting of the citizens of Howard county, held at the court-house in Fayette on the .itli day of March, IStlG, the object of which was to indorse the restoration policy of President Johnson, and to sustain him in his veto of the freedmen's Ijureau bill, the following proceedings were had and resolutions adopted : -

During the retirement of the committee, Colonel Joe Davis, under repeated calls, addressed the meeting in Avell-tinied reujarks. The meeting was also addressed liy S. C. Major, Jr., and II. Clay Cockerill in support of the resolutions.

AVhereas, Andrew Johnson, as president of the United States, in exercise of the powers vested in him hy the constitution, has recenth' sent to the senate of tlie United States a message vetoing the act known as the freedmen's bureau bill : and

"Whereas, He has been threatened and insulted for so doing by members of the senate and house of representatives in congress, and also by the concurrent resolutions passed l)y the radical members of the Jlissouri legislature, who in that, as in otlier acts passed by thenr in the present session, are misrepresenting the known wishes of the people of the state ; and

Whereas, The president, in his messages and speeches, lias submitted his cause to the judgment of the people, who are his constituents ; therefore be it liesolved, 1st. That the message of President Johnson vetoing the freedmen's bureau bill, meets the unqualified approval of the citizens of Howard county, and we hold that no enlightened and ymtriotic citizen can fail to discover evidence of profound statesmanshi[) and heroic fidelity to the constitution.

2d. That the system which the freedmen's bureau l)ill proiiosed to establish is radical!}' repugnant to the principles of republican lilierty ; that it would pauperize the negro race and tax the white race to maintain them and jierpetuate the subordination of the civil to the militaiy power.

3d. That the disfranchisement of eleven states of the union is a usurpation of power, and is calculated to fill the public mind with alarm and keep alive the passions and prejudices kindled by the war, and make chronic disloyalty on the one band and tyranny on the other.

4th. That all legislation by congress solely atfecting the eleven States which are denied representation, is unconstitutional and invalid, and should be <o treated by the president of the whole country.

5th. That we denounce without stint the action of the General Assembly in condemning, by concurrent resolutions, the veto message and declariuLi' for n.egro suflVaire ; that it is a gross misrepresentation of the public sentiment of ^Missouri ; that we tender those senators

6th. That the preservation of this government depends upon the maintenanee of the foregoing principles, and that we pledge ourselves to cordially co-operate with the citizens of whatever former political comi)lexion or party, who will honestly labor for tlieui.

7t!i. That we heartily apjirove and indorse the course of lions. John Hogan and Thomas Pj. Noell, representatives in congro-^s, for their able support of the chief magistrate in his elForts to maintain the supremacy of the constitution.

8th. That we deem radicalism as antagonistic to the principles of 11 republican form of government ; that taxes cannot rightfully he imposed where there is no re[n'esentation.

0th. That we regard the new constitution of Missouri as objectionable to the people of the state, and an infraction upon and dejirivatiou of tlie liljorties of the citizens, and we pledge ourselves to use all lawful and proj^er means to repeal its odious provisions.

10th. That we herebv invite all good citizens to unite with us in restoring to the people of this state and nation, the liberties guaranteed to them by the constitution of the United States.

11th. That Wm. H. Seward, secretary of state, by his co-operation with, and indorsement of, the acts of President .Johnson, has given unmi-takable evidence of pati-iotism and a desire for the perpetuity of the union of these states, and that however we may have difiered with him in times past as to his i)olitical views, we tender him our thanks for the noble stand he has taken in upholding the president, and exhibiting his desire for the preservation of republican liberty.

That we heartily indorse the course of Hon. F. P. Blair in fir-t standing in the breach throughout the war, fighting gallantly for the union, and tlien in manfully and fearlessly o})posing the reckless and revolutionary policy of the radicals of the country generally, and particularly of this state ; and we tender him our thanks, with a request that he continue his work until the radical factionists ami disunionists be hurled from power.

On motion, it was adopted that the secretary furnish for publication, a copy of these proceedings to the Howartl county Ailve/ii-':ei\ Glasgow Times and ^lissouri Tlepuhlican.

October IS, 18GG, there was held in Fayette an unconditiiMial union convention, as will be seen by the notice below, for the [uirpose of making nomination's for the different otKces : -

Chapter Xiy

Agricultural Societies, RiiilroaJs tmj Miscellaneous ilatttTS - Howard County Agricultural Society - -Great Central Fair - Its Organization - Howard County Grange - Railroad Historv of Howard County - First Meeting of Citizens - First Vote - Subscriptions to Tebo and Xeosho Railroad Company - Louisiana and Missouri River Railroad - Missouri and Mississippi Railroad - The St. Louis, Kansas City and Chicago Railroad - Bonded Indebtedness - Miscellaneous Matters.

The above-iiumed society was organized in the year 1852 and incorporated in 18.55, on the 28th day of Fdnuary. Rice Patterson was the tirst president; John F. Williams and A. J. Herndon were the succeeding presidents. The last fair was held in 18G0. It was a success tinaucially, but the war of IStJl, prevented the parties interested from attempting thereafter to hold another. One or two etlbrts have been made since the war to reorganize the society, but without success, until May 26, 1883.' The premium lists were always full, and the prizes oti'ered by the managers and stockholders were of such a character as to attract the attention of the farmer and the mechanic, and stir up the spirit of honest and commendal)le competition.

Grkat Central F.Mr

The above-named enterprise was inaugurated in the year 1866, the object being to hold tin annual fair at Roanoke, Randolph county, Missouri, which is located on the edge of Prairie township, on the

* At a meeting held in the circuit court room on Saturday, May 26th, the following action was taken in reference to county fair: Meeting called to order by the chairman, itinutes of the last meeting read and adopted. The committee on organization made their report. On motion report adopted and the following were then selected directors to serve until their successors are elected. Richmond township, R. P. Williams, A. F. Davis. Wra. Shrafroth, Solon Smith. Moniteau township, John Hammond. Franklin township, .lohn H. Estill. Chariton, A. W. Morrison. Prairie township, Jos. H. Fiuks. Boone's Lick, Stephen Cooper. Bonne Ferame, Geo. J. AVinn. Burton, N. A. Taylor. All present signed the articles of association and paid in fifty per cent of their subscribed stock. All papers and minutes were turned over to the board of directors, ileeting adjourned.

At a meeting of the citizens of Howard, R indolph and Chariton counties, held iu Roanoke on the tirst day of August, IStJi), to take into consideration the propriety of getting up the great central fair grounds for North Missouri, William AVayland was called to the chair and W. y. Hall appointed secretary. The object of the meeting was explained in an able manner by the chairman, whereupon the following-named irentlenien were appointed as a committee to meet and draft resolutions : - lieso^ved. That we meet in Roanoke on Saturday, the ISth day of August, IStii.'), to form a permanent organization, and that all the gentlemen named in the three counties, and all others that feel interested, are most cordially invited to meet \vith us upon that day.

Resolved, That the secretary forward a copy of the proceediiiiis to the Brunswicker, Randolph Citizen, Glasgow Times, and the Howard county Advertiser, re(piesting their publication.

At a subsequent meeting in August, I'^tt.S, the fair was organized, as will be seen from reading an account of the meeting whicli we take iVom the same paper : -

Central Faik Meeting

Directors - John Miller, X. Ct. Elliott, J. H. Patterson, of Howard : J. W. Ha.rris, Jno. P. ^Yilliams, W. J. Plarvey, of Chariton : G. T. Green, Woodson Newhy, W. Y. Lockridge, of Chariton.

Upon motion, a committee was appointed to get up articles of association, composed of the following gentlemen : R. S. Head, chairman ; A. J. Herndon, W. V. Hall, Thos. Kimbrough, T. T. Elliort, R. W. Thomson and Hon. AA'. A. Hall: said committee to meet at Roanoke and report on the 30th day of August, 18G(5. By u unanimous vote the editors of the Glasgow Tiinp><, Howard county A'h.-'Vtiser, Randolph Citixea and JJrunswicker, were elected honorar\' meinbers.

Upon motion of N. G. Elliott, it was agreed that the directors meet at Roanoke, on the 30th day of August, to confer with the committee appointed to gee up the articles of association, and to agree upon a time for holding the fair, and to attend to such other business as might come before them for immediate action.

This organization, which was originally institute<l in the interest of the farmer and agriculturalist, was introduced into Ho^v.iid coimtv about the beirinning of the vear 1S74. It soon became a vtrv

]K)pul;ir institution, ami uuiuberot.1 ujiiong its patrons and nK'niljc-rs a great many favnicis. Its jjower and iniluence, however, began to wane after 1877-78. IjgIow will be found the names and locations of the granges of the county in the month of June, 1874 : -

Scarcely had the smoke of the great civil conflict of 18G1, been dissipated, when the people of Howard county, ever alive to their own interests as a people, and as a county, began to agitate the question of building a railroad, and in pursuance of their feelings, which seemed to have been almost unanimously concurred in, the following notice was given in the Howard county Advertiser of .Vpril, ]>;67 : - -

There will be a meeting of the citizens of Howard county, held in Fayette, on Monday, June 3d, 1867, for the pur[)ose of organizing a railroad company, to Iniild a road through the county, that will be of interest to the whole county. It is to be hoped that every townshii) in the county will be represented ; books of subscription will be open for the commencement of this important enterprise, which has so long been neglected.

One or two smaH meetings had taken place, even as early as IStiti, but were of no special interest and attracted no particular attention. This meeting then, of June. 3d, 18G7, was the real beginning of the movement, which tinally culminated in the building and completion of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad, although several other efforts had been made to secure other roads prior to the building of the ^[issouri, Kansas and Texas.

The meeting, as advertised, was held at Fayette, at the courthouse. It was well attended and great enthusiasm marked its proceedings. John P. Sebree, Esq., was called to the chair, and stirring sjieeches were made by Mr. Orick, of St. Charles, Col. John L'. WW-

Keconnnendinir the incorporation of a company under the railroad law of the state. Also, of suljinitting the pro[icisilioi! to the people of Howard county, to l>uild a railroral tVoiii Boouville \ ia Fayette and l\oaiioke, to Moberly. said road being intersected by a branch ro.nl from Glasgow, running in the direction of Roanoke.

There were other meetings, but il was not until Ja.nuarv (itli. l.Sii'>, about eiglit months thereafter, that any decided steps wei-c taken in the interest of a railroad. The Ad>-erliser, speaking of a meeting that occurred on the lith ofJanuary, 18GS, says: -

In pursuance of the notice, the great railroad mass meeting \\"a> held at Fayette, on Monday the Gth instant, and truly there was a grand rail}', considering the sudden and unfavorable change in the weather. On motion, J. P. Sebree was elected chairman, and 1. N. Houck and "W. A. Thompson were made secretaries. The chairman then appointed the foUo^ring gentlemen a committee to draft resolutions and ari'ange for a thorough canvass of the entire county : -

The committee retired, and in their absence General John B. Clark, Sr.. by recpiest, addressed the meeting. It would be impos-ible to report General Clark's speech in full ; he contrasted the pa»t with the present and showed the change and improvement that h id taken jjlace. He spoke lengthily of the farming interests ot'the county, and showed wherein that class of men wouUl bo benefited by the railroad. He alluded to the increase in the value of the lands, ami urged that their increased value wtmld more than pay the ta.xes incurred in building the road. Ho made quite a lengthv and tellini:' speech and showed that he was thoroughly alive to the work of making old Howaid great, rich, and prosperous, as she ought to be.

Judge Tompkins, of Boonvillc, was then introduced, and in an earnest manner spoke of the thorough arousement of Boonvillc, and Cooper county, in this nulroad movement. He gave us assnrance-^ I't' the co-operation of his people, and said that the railroad from Reniek to the Missouri river would receive encouragement from every man in Boonvillc, a.nd material aid as far as they were able to give it.

Judire Norman Lackland, of Andrian, f)ne of the directors of the Louisiana and Missouri river railroad, and the authorized agent of said road, took the stand and in a short speech assured the meeting ot' tlie tiriu inii'pose of the onnipnnv to iniilil the road from I^ouislana to Kansas City, ami t'.iat sjioedily, provided the people on the propcsetl route would aid them.

Mr. K. T. Prewitt next came forward as the champion for the railroad. He made a very stirring a\)peal ; hoped that before he died he would hear more stirring and thrilling music than that just discoursed by our excellent brass band. Mr. Prewitt's speech was kindly received and ought to have been heard by every man in the county. At this point in the proceedings the committee reported the fcdlo\ving, as the result of their deliberations, viz. : -

Resolveil 1st. That we are convinced of the importance to the people of Howard county of the two railroad projects to be voted on by the people on the 21st day of January, 18()8.

2d. For the purpose of eliciting a full discussion on the subject, we recommend the appointment of the following persons to act as a committee to arrange for public meetings in the diti'erent townships : -

Mr. Shackelford spoke ver}' earnesths -^iid showed himself the ftaunch supporter of the pro})ositions to be submitted to a vote on the -'1st insttint. He urged all railroad men to vote on that day, and assured us that Glasgow was a unit for the roads, ilr. J. W. Roliinson, of Franklin township, next came forward. He said that the subject had already been exhausted, and kindly offered to allow any anti-railroad man to take his place on the programme. No one coming forward, he proceeded to address the meeting, acquitting himself with much credit ; for though the day was tav spent and the crowd had been standing many hours, yet Mr. Rot)inson commanded the ujidivided artontion of all. and met with frcfpient and hearty apjilause. L. W. Robinson, of Rocheport, being present, was called on and addressed the meeting in the interest of the people of Rocheport and that directirm. He favored the Imilding of railroads in Howard county, and wished the people of this county, in case they could not succeed in the scheme of buiklinir the road^ proposeJ, that tlie_v woukl aid Koclieport and Boone ccnmtj, in continuing the Coluniljia brunch of the Xoilh Missouri railroad, from Columt)ia via Rochcport, through Favette to GlasgcAv.

Mr. A. J. Hernthjn next addressed the meeting; thouglit the crowd was already tired, and that enough had been said to convince any \inprejudieed mind present. He said that all white male citizens qualilied under the old law would be allowed to vote on the 21st instant, no oath being required. He said he intended to work until the last day in the evening for the success of the proposition. He said he thought the county of Howard woidd be better otf to giTe a million, rather than loose the roads. At the close a resolution of thanks w;!s tendered the Fayette cornet hand, and three hearty cheers (given witii a will) went up for the railroads.

Well done, Hov.-ard cour.ty, - you v\-ill redeem yourself on the 21st instant, and rapidly take your place in the front ranks of the counties of the State.

The conntv court made an order of publication, and directed an election to be held at the ditlerent voting precincts in the county, on Tuesday after the third Monday in January, 1868, to give the voters of Howard county an opportunity to vote upon the proposition of subscribing $250,000 to the capital stock of the Louisiana and [Missouri river railroai.l company, and $2.50,000 to the Tebo and Neosho railroad companv.

This was the tirst vote upon a proposition to subscribe to the building of a railroad. It carried by such a large majority that the county court, lj(?Iieving that their action would be approved by the people, of tlicir own motion made an order subscribing $750,000 to the Louisiana and Missouri river railroad and the Tebo and Neoslio railroad companies. Four hundred thousand dollars in bonds were issued to the latter, and three hundred and fifty thousand to the former. The Tebo and Neosho railroad company comi)leted their road in 187 - , and have since been operating their^cars. It is now known as the Missouri, Kansas an<l Texas, and is one of the branches of the Missouri Pacific railroad. The Louisiana and Missouri river railroad company constructed a road bed through the county, but never completed the road, even after availing themselves of the bonds which were given them for that purpose. Tliese l)onds are now in suit in the United States supreme court.

The people of Chariton township subscribed $100,00tt in bonds to the Missouri and ^lississippi railroad in 1870 ; the road is now known as a branch of the Wabash. The bonds have been comi^romised at 6fi| cents on the dollar; new bonds were issued (5-20 bonds) bearing six per cent interest and payable in twenty years.

The St. Louis, Kansas City and Chicago (now leased to the Chicago and Alton railroad company), was built by individual stockholders in 1871), to run from Mexico, Missouri, to Kansas City. Bonds to the amount of three millions of dollars were issued. The Chicago and Alton railroad company guarantee the interest on the bonds, and pay a certain per cent of the gross earnings of the road. The Chicago and Alton road have a perpetual lease.

Bonded Indebtedness

Sixteen eight per cent ten year bonds of $1,IK)0 eacli, issued E)eeomber 1, 1860, and seventy-three eight per cent ten year bonds of §1,000 each, issued November 3, 1S71, to aid in the construction of tlie Tebo and Neosho railroad, interest payable semi-annually at B;mk of Commerce, New York.

Thirty-seven eight per cent ten year bonds of $1,000 each, issued September 1, 1870; fifty-seven eight per cent ten year bonds issued March 1, 1S71 ; eighty-four eight percent ten yeAV bonds issued June 1 , 1871, and forty-nine eight per cent ten year bonds issued September 1, 1871, to aid in the construction of the Louisiana and Missouri river railroad, interest payable annually at Bank of Commerce, New York. All these bonds are in litigation and the interest is not promptly paid ; interest and sinking fund tax of fifty cents on $100 valuaiion levied for Tebo and Neosho bonds, nothing for bonds issued to Lmii^iana and Missouri river railroad. (21)

Tliifty-thrce eight ])er cent lit'teenyear lionds of $1,U00 each, issued July 1, ISi'iO, to aid in the constiuction of the Missouri und Mississippi railroad, interest payable annually at Bank of Commerce. New York.

Fifty-nine six percent 5-20 bonds of $1,000 each, issued January 1, 1880, in compromise and redemption of bonds issued to the Missouri and Mississippi railroad company, interest payable annually at the banking house of Bartholow, Lewis & Co., St. Louis.

The interest is promptly paid on the funding compromise bonds ; interest and sinking fund tax of fifty cents levied on $100 valuation ; interest not paid on $33,000 in bonds issued to the Missouri and Mississippi railroad.

Howard county does not owe one dollar aside from the railroad debt. The current expenses of the county during the past ten years, ha\'e aveniged about $17,000 per annum. The railroad debt is small ; even if the county and townships have the entire amount - approximately about $400,000 - to jiay, it will not atieet the tiuancial condition of the county.

Amount Paid For Board Of Prisoners, 1882

Politics in the Early History of the County - Earl}' Candidates for OOice - Their Methods and Devices - Travelling Together Over the County - From 181*3 to 18(10. no Political Conventions - Two first Elections - Elections of 183S, 18-14, 1846, 1S48, 1851, 18i3S, 1S72, 1874, 1875,1876, 1S78, 1880, 1882- Howard County's Intluence in Politics - What the St. Louis Evening News said - The Leaders of the VThig and Democratic Parties - The County trenerally Democratic - Henry Clay Carried the County in 1344 - Harrison's Election - The Campaign - The Result - Whigs Give a Grand Ball - Political Phymers and Poets - Parody - Dilficulty Between General ,lohn B. Clark and Claiborne F. Jackson - -The Former Challenges the Latter to Fight a Duel - The Correspondence Between Them.

From 1810 to 1830, or during the first twenty years of the eount3''s histor}', partj' polities wielded but a slight influence in the local government of the county. While it is true that many of the first settlers, from the earliest days, possessed well-detined political views and tenets, and were thoroughly partisan upon all questions pertaining to national or state elections, an indefinite number of candidates were usually permitted to enter the race for the respective county ofiices, and the one possessed of superior personal popularity generally led the field and passed under the wire in advance of all opponents.

In the early days it was not at all unusual to meet the energetic candidate for the sheritFs oflice, the treasurer's office, or the candidate who aspired to represent the people in the state legislature, astride his horse, going from settlement to settlement to meet with the voters of his county at their own firesides, to sleep beneath their humble roofs, and sup with them at their family boards, to compliment their thrifty housewives, and to kiss the rising generation of little ones.

The historian would nnt dare draw upon his imagination to supply the stock of rich, rare and racy anecdotes, moulded and circuhitdl by these ingenious canvassers, or to describe the modes and methods by them adopted to increase their populuritv with the people. There

%vas then no press, as now, to perpetuate daily events as they trauspired. Many of the mancenvres and callers, successes and failures, with their pleasures and sorrows, of sixty and more years ago, in this county, are hidden from us by the shadows of time. Darkness intervenes between us, and many sayings and doings of bygone days, which, could we but penetrate that darkness and gather them in, would shine out upon the pages of this history " like diamond settings in plates of lead." In vain have we tried through the lens of individual I'ecoUection to ferret them oui. "Wc could not do it. Our discouraged fancy drojjped the pencil and said 'twas no use. We could not paint the picture. A little consolation may be fcnind in these lines : -

In some of these early campaigns the various candidate.-^ for a single office, and sometimes those running for the ditferent county offices, would travel together from settlement to settlement throughout the county. Every camp meeting, log-raising, shooting match, and even horse race, occurring in the county during the season precedingelection, was a favorite resort for the electioneer, and every honorable device was adopted by each candidate to develop his full strength at the polls.

For many years after the settlement of the county, no political conventions were held in the county, and the result was that a number of candidates entered the race for the same office. We shall not attempt to give the election returns in the county during the entire period of its political existence, but will give the results as far as ^ve can. The first election that was held in the county occurred in ISiy, for delegates to congress. The successful candidates were John Scott and Samuel Hammond. The second election was held in 1820, for the purpose of electing live delegates to the convention to frame a state constitution. Benjamin H. Reeves, N. S. Burckhartt, Duff Green, John S. Findley and John Kay were elected:

Election Of 1838 History Of Howakd And Chariton Counties

For sxqveme judges - William Scott, 482; John F. Rvland 135 ; H. R. Gamble, 448 ; William B. Napton, 392 ; Pevton R. "Hayden, 414; Philip Williams, 5; William T. Wood, 273; Charles Jones, 6; Priestlv H. McBride, 111. For judaje circuit court, William A. Hall, 727.

Election' 1882

Howard county tor many years, even as late as the war of 1861, wielded more power in politics than any other county in Missouri. In 'reference to this fact, the St. Louis Evening 2i^et':s, of June 3, 1852, says : -

How-ard county, in this state, has for a good while been regarded as a sort of Deliihic region in the matter of politics, especially with the democratic party of ^Missouri. There are long heads and shrewd fingers in old Howard, and the democratic politicians there " know the ropes" and pull the wires about as skilfully as any other men in the country. The whigs of that county are likewise extremely "well-developed" in all that pertains to a masterly vindication of the principles of good government. They ma}' he defeated now and then, by a philistine, who plows wnth a locofoco heifer, but thev never lose the spirit and courage, which a consciousness of right always gives to men of true chivalry.

The Jetlerson City scheme was concerted in Howard county, and a very pretty dead-fall it has proved to man}' scores of the truest sort of Benton democrats. The " nullitiers " about Fayette, are the old regency of Missouri, and they plariuod ihe Jefferson City

They succeeded prett}' ^v-ell - we may say, admirably well. They got what they went for. But tliey have got rather more than they wanted. They have got the hoofs and horns of the Missouri bull - right after him. Any one wiio has been made to quake by the unearthly bellowings of a herd of cattle, who have come upon the scene of the murder and spilt blood of one of their comrades, can appreciate the terror that Benton, and the Beuton line of the old Jacksonian democracy, will soon send into the ranks of the butchers who slew so many of the honored members of that family at JelVer>i)n City.

That Hf)ward county wielded more intinence in politics than any otiier county in the state, from 1825 to 18t^0, there can be but little doubt, and, when we consider the number, character, and intelh'ctual calibre of her politicians and prominent men, we are not at all surprised that this statement is true of the period named. Such men as General John B. Clark, Sr., Governor C. F. Jackson, Governor John G. Miller, Colonel Joseph Davis, Colonel James H. Birch, Judge Abiel Leonard, and a score of other men, scarcely less able and distinguished, would have been conspicuous anywhere as leaders of men and champions of a great cause. The democratic party has been the predominant party in politics, but occasionlly, the whig candidate, because of his popularity, would succeed in representing the couuty in the general assembly. The difl'erence between the two parties, at some of the earl}' presidential elections was not very great. In 1844, Henry Clay carried the county by forty-four votes. Take for instance the presidential election of "William Henry Harrison, in the year 1840. That was one of the most exciting, and perhaps the most hotly contested of all elections that ever occurred in Howard county.

The campaign for the whigs, was in the hands of Judge Leonard, General John B. Clark, Sr., Colonel James H. Birch, and otliers who were ably supplemented by the Boone's Lick Times, an aggressive and wide-awake paper, edited at the time by Cyril C. Cady. The democratic party was led by Claiborne F. Jackson, John G. Miller, Governor Boggs, and others, and suitported by the Boone's Lick Democrat, which was also a strong and intluential paper, and ilevoted to the cause of its party.

The campaign was opened in the spring of 1840, at Fayette, when General Clark and Colonel Birch addressed a meeting of whigs. In May following, a Tippecanoe club was organized with Major Gerard Robinson for president.

Although the whigs were defeated in Howard count}', they felt so happy over the result of the election of General Harrison, that on the 5th of December following, a grand ball was given at Favette in honor of the victory and called the " Harrison ball." The tloor managers upon that occasion, were Judge Leonard, Colonel Davis, George W. Given, \Y . T. Tyler, L. Bumgardncr, D. Kunkle, J. T. Cleveland, George W. Ward, C. P. Brown, and others.

During Harrison's campaign, there were a greater nrimber of political rhymers and poets than ever before or since known in similar campaigns. There was hardly a paper issued that did not contain one or more eulogistic or denunciatory poems on the candidates for the presidential otlice. In the Boone's Lick Times of 1840, a parodv on the poem entitled Hohcnlinden, ^vas written for that paper bv a local poet, and being an ingenius production, we hero reproduce a portion of it : -

While there was much rejoicing auiong the whigs of Howard county over the result, there had grown out of the contest a hitter aU tercatioa between General John E. Clark, Sr., and Governor C. F. Jackson, which was occasioned by Governor Jackson giving publicity to a private letter written by General Clark, to Colonel James H. Birch. Below we give the correspondence in full, in reference to tiie matter, which almost ended in a duel.

Fayf.tte, September 14, 18-10. Siu : In tlie course of a correspondence respecting a letter purporting to have been written to me by General John B. Claris, from Versailles, on the 9th of July last, and published in the Democrat oi i\\^ 9th instant, I have been referred to you as having furnished it to the gentleman who caused it to be pul)lished. ]My right to demand, not only its restoration, but to be informed when, where, and in what manner you became possessed of that letter, v;ill, of course, be recognized at your earliest convenience.

Sir : Your letter of the 14th instant in relation to General Clark's letter addressed to you from Versailles, on the 9th of Jnlv last, has been received.

That letter was found by me with some other papers in my hou.^e, some two weeks after the close of our late election. Whether it fell in my possession by an exchange of saddle-bags, or was placed in my own saddle-bags by mistake, is a matter that I do not know, and cannot determine. The saddle-bags which I was using at the time were borrowed, and I am not informed sufficiently to determine more explicitly, how this letter came into my possession, than above stated. That letter is still in the possession of the editor of the Demorrat, as you have already been informed by C. F. Jackson, E.-q., and can lie had at any time when applied for, and by leaving with the editor a written statement acknowledging its authenticity.

Sir : Your name having been surrendered by the editor of the Democrat, as the author of a communication which apjieared in that paper on AVednesday last, over the signature of " Anti-Fraud," I embrace the earliest practicable moment to call your attention to the imputations which it seems to convey, in derogation of my personal honor.

stating whether tiiey wore oiihcr originally intended to convey such impiitations, or are, Ironi your suhiequent retlections, jiistitieJ either \>\ the tenor of" my alleged letter to Colonel Birch, or in any other act of mine, I have reqnested Colonel Birch to wait upon you -syith this note, and ask you to mention the time against which 1 may be favored with a reply. IJespecttuUy yours,

Sir: Your note of yesterday, by Colonel Birch, has been received. If there be any particular part or parts of the comnmnicatiou in question which, in your o).iiniou, reflects on j'our " persoual honor," and you will iioint them out, they will be considered, and such reply given as the facts in the case may warrant. I take this occasion to remark, that I cannot consent to receiving any further communications from you by the hands of Col. Birch, connected with this subject. The relation which he bears to the matter under consideration, in mv opinion renders it improper.

Sir: If my note of yesterday be of doubtful or uncertain construction, it resulted either from the imperfection of our language or my incapacity to adapt it to the jiurpose intended. By recurring to that note, you will discover that my object w-as to call your attention to tlie communication signed " Anti-Fraud," and to know of vou if you intended by that communication, or any part of it, to reflect on my personal honor. If so, it was further designed to suggest to you a review of those strictures, and then to demand of your candor whether the tenor of ray alleged letter to Colonel Birch, or any act of mine, justified such imputation. Being thus in possession of my object and purposes, and perceiving no further reason for suspending your reply, I shall await its reception at your earliest convenience.

The suggestion you have made, concerning the double relation by which Colonel Birch has been thus far connccte<] with this transaction, coupled with the more ample explanation of your friend. Dr. Scott, relieves that gentleman from any embarrassment in declining the further prosecution of a duty, which he reluctantly assumed in the first instance, at my reiterated solictaition.

Sir: I have received your note of this date by the hands of Mr. Leonard.* Personally, I have naught against you, ;ind have ii<>t ~iuiglit to make an attack U[ion your --personal honor."' ily o'ojirt in writing the article published in the last Democrat, signed, " Anti-

Fayette, Septoujhcr 14, iJ^tO. Sin: Your note of the 12th, was received hite on Saturday evening. It is wholly unsatisl'actriry. I therefore demand of }ou a personal interview-. My friend, Mr. I^eonard. is -authorized to arrange all necessary preliminai'ies on my pait. with the understanding that if other engagements should withdraw him before its final adjustment, another geutiemaii ^^"ill he substituted in his place.

The interview demanded can be had. My friend. Dr. Scott, is now absent ; on his return he will atten<l to arranging the preliminaries necessary on my part. Yours, etc.,

C. F. Jack.son. Fayette. Seiitember 1.5, 1840. Sin: In compliance with the note of my friend C. F. Jacksori, Esq., of yesterday, I herewith enclose you the terms, the time and place, that my friend proposes to give General Clark in the interview invited by him.

1. The parties to meet at si.x o'clock to-morrow morning, within one mile of the town of Fayette, the place to be selected by vou and m\-self this evening.

.5. After the parties shall have taken their respective stations, t!ic word ''fire" shall be given immediate!}', after which the wmiN '' Oiie," " tico," "three" shall l)e given, and between the word- '' fire " and " three," the parties shall fire ; the giving of the word to be balloted for by vou and myself.

I caiiiKit consent to advise thv friend to meet Mr. Jack-on at anv [)lace in this state. So far as the knowledge of the practice of tliis state iu matters of tiiis kind extends, tlie phice proposed is unnsnal and without precedent. Such a meeting' would subject both principal and friends to penalties and inc(niveniences that mav be readih' avoided by a mcetinii elsewhere.

Sin: I have noted tlic contents of your note of this day's date, and cannot consent to any alteration in the place of ineeeting [ivoposed in niv former communication. KespectfuUy yours,

I pronounce Chubornc F. Jiu'kson a cold-blooded slanderer, a reclaimless scoundrel and a blustering coward, the truth of which 1 pledge myself to establish the moment m}' engagements will permit me sufficient leisure. I will take the same occasion to render to my fellow-citizens the most ample explanation in relation to a letter alleged to have been written by me to Colonel Birch, on the !'th of July last. JoHX B. Clauk.

Chapter Xyi

The area of Howard couiily is about 4i)3 sijuare miles, with a (Voiitagc oil tlie Mi?-oin-i river oa tlie west and south ot' thirty-four miles.

It oriiriually consisted nearly altogether of timber, with twi> siDall upland and two bottom prairies, which have long since been under tribute to the husbandman. The bluil's near Cla>gow rise to a height of 2(10 feet above average -water mark in the ^lissouri ; and this probably is about the general elevation of the highlands throughout the county. The river blutl's at the western border of the count}', are steep and sometimes perpendicular, but on the southern l)order are inoi'e gentle. The streams often pvirsue their way 150 feet Ijelow the tops of the ridges, and the valleys are connected with the ridges by long and very easy slopes.

The soiuhern portion of the county is not as hilly as some otheidistricts. A\'e have near the Missouri some steep blutl's with white oak growth. Near the Bomie Femme and south of Fayette for several miles extending to the Missouri blutl's, is a tract of rich, rolling, heavily timbered land, including many varieties of excellent timber, such as v.'liite, red and rock chestnut oak, black walnut, elm, hickorv. white walnut, ash and linden. Southeastwardly from Fayette, is a similar country, and also westwardly, to (Tl.isgow, but here it is more hilly.

The northwestern part of the comity sustains a growtli of timber similar to that lying south, but the country is not so hilly, and in fact, the slopes are quite gentle.

Black and white walnut are very abundant, lieing very common overniost of the county. Blue ash and sassafras abound, this county l»eiug almost the western limit of the former in north Missouri. The spice bush (Laurun bci\~oin), is common on the Missouri hottiuii>, i)Mt dog-wood {Corimti foridn), is rare, and i-- not [U'oljaidv t'ouiid fiirtlier west. iLmy <>f the trees on the ridges, iiicludini: walnut, white o:ik, red oak und rock chestnut oak, attain a great size. One of the latter measured thirteen feet three inches in circumference, tliree feet above the ground. This tree was on the Missouri bluffs ; in the bottoms, Cottonwood, elm and sycamore grow to a very large size.

The principal streams in tlie eastern part of the county, are Moniteau creek ( ^lanitou) with its tributaries, and Bonne Femme. This last rises about the middle of township 52, range 15 west, and flowing in a southerly direction, empties into the Missouri about three miles below Boonville, Cooper county. The principal tributary of ^Moniteau creek in this county, is Hunger's Mother,* which heads in the northwest part of township 51, range 14 west; and the principal one of Bonne Femme is Salt Fork, rising in the southeastern part of township 52, range 15, and flowing southwest empties into the Bonne Femme in tlie northwest quarter of section 30, township 51, range 15.

Other streams flowing southward, are Salt Creek aud Sulphur Creek, aud those running westward, are Richland, Hurricane, Gregg's and Bear creeks and Dox3''s Fork. They all run into the Missouri, and some of the smaller ones on entering the bottom, waste their waters on the flats and are lost.

* Tliis stream, it is said, receiveii its name from a party of tiunters, early settlers, who were hunting bears, and meeting with no success, got out of meat on this creek. Bad weather came upon them, and they were prevented from hunting, and threatened with starvation. Thev therefore christened the creek "Hunger's Mother."

List Of Coal B.Ixks

In the following list there are many localities given at which the coal is too thin to work, but it must be remembered that the coal beds mentioned are only those that are exposed or very near the surface at each locality. Except in the eases where the lowest coal (E) is mentioned, there is every probability of finding a thicker bed by sinking shafts. Coal is found in every township, and in some of them, in nearlv everv section.

* Mr. B.'s coal was covered, ami its position relative to the seueral section could not be ascertained. Everything was in a confused 5t:'.te. Masses of sandstone Xo. 1, and of the rhomboidal limestone were found, but thev appear to have been transported by water. Tiie coal is fuund in a valley ruunjng north and south, with the Burlington limestone oil one side and the coal on the other.

Mineral Springs

They occur in nearly every portion of the county, and nearly all of them are briny, and from some of them salt was made as much as sixty-tivf years ago. Formerly it would pay to make salt, but facili-

There are four salt springs and one well at Boone's Lick, each one atfording a free supply of water, all rjuite strong of brine. A white deposit is found on the surface of the ground at some of the springs, and a black at others.

The first salt was made here in 18U7 by Nathan Boone. His old works were on a mound in the valley northwest of the main spring, and just east of a small branch coming into Salt creek from the west. Other old salt works were on the cast side of another small branch. Large beds of charcoal and ashes are almost the only remains of the former works, but salt was made here at various times, and almost constantly until about the year 1855 or 1856. The salt made here was sold in 1837 at one cent per pound, and rating a bushel at fifty pounds, this paid very well. As an evidence of former work here, v\-e wouM stai:e that for four square miles around Boone's Lick, the timber has been entirely cut olT at various times for fuel for the salt works. At the present time these grounds are entirely covered over with a thrifty growth of young white oak, with- some walnut, black oak and hickory. These trees are mostly six by eight inches in diameter, but manj- are as much as one foot.

Dr. J. C Heberling, AV. N. INIarshall and others are the present owners of the property. In 18G9 they began to bore for salt water, and continued their work until the fall of 1872, when the boring had reached a depth of 1,001 feet. They then stopped work. At thirtyseven feet water was obtained ; at sixty-eight feet, weak salt water, and at 1G3 feet 9 inches, the size of the stream had increased a fourth, with percentage of salt about the same as the outside stream, or 4.5 per cent.

At a depth of 481 feet they report a vein of salt water, with an increased strength of one-third. At 707 feet 9 inches a small addition of water was reached ; also a strong, ofiensive gas, with a corresponding increase of strength of the brine from 4.5 - 9 per cent (double).

A lO-inch square wooden conductor was put into the bottom of the quicksand, twenty-two feet. Below this a one and one-half-inch pipe was inserted, from which the flow is about thirty gallons per minute. The volume of water is sufiicient for a two and one-half-inch pipe.

This sprinp; is t-.vo miles west of New Franldiu, at the edge of a small valley coming iuto the Bonne Femme from the west side. The water issues forth very freely from the valley clays, not very far from a hluff of Burlington limestone. A white deposit is formed in the bed of the branch. In former times considerable salt was made here.

Lewis Spki.Vg

The Lev.-is spring, near Glasgow, is on the land of Jno. F. Lewis, one and one-half miles from Glasgow, on the west branch of Gregg's creek. The salt water here flows from clay at several places within a space of twelve feet square. In some places a white, and in others a black deposit is found in the bed of the rivulet.

On the flat below the railroad depot at Fayette, is a salt and sulphur spring of about the strength of the Lewis spring. The cattle have formed, by lickins: ;ind tramping, an extensive lick fifty by one hundred feet. This was originally known as Bufialo lick, and 2,800 acres of the neighboring lands were originally reserved as saline lands for the use of the state.

Simpson's lick, or Simitson's tjraneh, tnie mile from the Missouri bottom, is a weak salt spring. No salt was ever made here, although the land was entered for " saline lands."

Salt Water Springs

On Mrs. Wilhite's land, in northwest quarter of section 2, township 49, range 15, there is a weak salt spring. This was formerly kno'.vn as the Moniteau lick. Four thousand acres of the adjoining lands were originally selected for the use of the state. On the Messrs. Morris land, in section 34, townsliip 50, range 15, there is another which afl'ords a great deal of water, but which is also weak. Judge Wade Jackson says that he made salt from the water of each of tiiese sijrings, but that it required from 500 to 000 gallons of water to make a bushel of salt. He then dug a well on his place, in section

35, to\vnshiii f>0, I'liiige 15, to the depth of fifty feet. to liincstont, aiul tliea bored 250 feet. After boring 200 feet he struck salt water, but it beiug no stronger thnu the water in the springs, he bored lit'ty feet more, and obtaining no water at that depth, abandoned the cnterjirise. It is his opinion that the water obtained by boring contained less sulphur and magnesia than that in the springs. It all probably came from the same source.

On Judge ilcCatlerty's laud, in east half of southwest quarter section IG, township 51, range 15, there is an old lick which is known as Cooley's lick. Mr. ^IcCatlerty states that salt was first made here fifty or si.xty years ago, and that John Cooloy made salt at the lick in 1841. He says he first saw the spring in that year, and at that time there were trees growing up from old stumps that he judged to be thirty years old. According to Mr. MeCaflerty's calculations, salt must have been made here as far back as 1811. Mr. CatTerty has owned the lick fo)- twenty-five ye;irs and made salt in 1862, using the few remaining kettles that were first used fifty or sixty years ago. Ke ivas unable to state how much water was required to make a bushel of salt, but says that in making a bushel he burned four cords of wood. At one time he would obtain more salt from a certain amoxmt of water than at another. The water has a sulphurous smell, and leaves and pieces of wood left in the spring are soou covered with a yellowish-white coating.

At i\Ir. Adams', in the northwest quarter, section 83, township 49, range 15, there are several salt and sulphur springs combined. In some the salt predominates and in others the sulphur. They are all close together and the water is weak, about seven hundred gallons of it being required to make one bushel of salt. Salt was made here fiftv years ago.

Quarries of limestone and sandstone are found in various portions of the county. There is also iron ore, fire-clay, and rock which would make sood hvdraulic cement.

Public Schools

The Utility of Public SchooU - Public SchoolSystem of Missouri - Comparison with Other States - Teachers' Institute- - Report forlSS2, Showing Number of White andColere.l Children - Number of School Houses and Districts - Number of Teachers - Salary of Teachers - Amount Expended for Fuel - Repairs - Past Indebtedness - Unexpended Funds - Annual Distribution.

The following chaptcf is one which we have found hard to write, owing to the difficnlty in obtaining full and accurate information. It should be the ntost interesting of all the chapters in the book. We have erideavored to remain in the realm of the real, and deal as little as possible in the ideal and imaginative. Comparatively little has been made a matter of record relating to the early schools of the county. "What has been so made, and what has been remembered by tlie old settlers whom we have seen, are here given.

The schools of the county are sharing with the contents of the. newsboy's bundle, the title of the universities of the [joor. Tlie close oliservation of the working of the public schools shows that if the induction of facts he complete, it could be demonstrated .that the public schools turn out more men and women better fitted for business and usefiduess than most of our colleges. The freedom and liberty ol the public school aflord less room for the growth of etfeminacy and pedantry ; it educates the youth among the people, and not among a caste or class, and since the man or woman is called upon to do with a nation in which people are the only factors, the education wliich the public schools afibrd, especially when they are of the superior stam.lard reached in this country, tit their recipients for a sphere of usefulness nearer the public heart than can he attained by private schools and academies.

The crowning glory of Atnerican institutions is the public schoo system ; nothing else among American institutions is so intensely American. They are the colleges of democracy, and if this government is to remain a republic, governed by statesmen, it must be from the public schools they must be graduated. The amount of practica knowlediz-e that the masses here receive, is important bevond measure (327) and foniis the chief factor in tiiP problem of niateriarpro^perity ; l)Ut it is not so much the practical knowledge, which it is the ostensible mission of tliu public schools to impart, that makes this system the slicet anchor of our hopes. It is rather the silent, social inlhionce which the common scliools incidentally exert. It is chiimeil for our country that it is a land of sociid ccpiality, where all have an equal chance in the race for life ; and yet there are many things which gi^"e the lie to this boasted claim of an aristocracy of manhood. Our churches are open to all, but it is clear that the best pews are occupied by the men of wealth and influence. The sightless goddess extends the scales of justice to all, Init it will usually appear that there is money in the descending beam. It requires money to run for ofTice, or, at least, it takes money to get office. The first experience of the American citizen of to-day, however, is in the public schools. If he is a rich man's son, his classnnite is the son of poverty. The seat which the one occupies is no better than that occupied by the other, and when the two are called to the blackboard, the fine clothes of the rich man's son do not keep him from going down, provided ho tie a drone, neither do the pateiics on the clothes of the jio(jr man's son keej) him down, provided he has the genius and the ap[)lication to make liim rise. The pampered child of fortune may purchase a diploma at many of tljc select schools of the land, hut at the public schools it is genius and application which win. That state or nation which reaches out this helping hand to the children of want, will n<jt luck for defenders in the time of danger, and the hundreds of thousands of dollars annually expended iov the common education of children, is but money loaned to the children, which they will pay back with compound interest, when grown to manhood. In a common, unassuming way, our schools inculcate lessons of common honesty. The boy hears his father make promises, and sees him break them. Mr. Jones is promised twenty dollars on ^londay, he calls on Monday and again on Tuesday, and finally gets the twenty dollars on Saturday. The boygoes with his father to church, and frequently gets there after the tirst prayer. In vain does that father teach his boy lessons of common honesty, when the boy knows that the father disappointed Jones, and never reaches the church in time. The boy soon learns at the pul)lic schools that punctuality and promptness are cardinal virtues ; that to be tardy is to get a little black mark, and to be abseut a day is to get a big black mark. A public school in which punctuality and promptness are injpartially and fearlessly enforced, is a most potent conservator of public morals.

Histuky Of Howakd And Chariton Counties

It has l)ceii often said that tlie state of [Missouri has not only been inditfei'ent to the sulijeet of education, but that she has been hostile to the cause of coniiuon schools. To prove that these are gross misrepresentations, and that her attitude towards an interest so vital and popular does not admit of any question, it is only neces.sary to say that the constitutions of 1820, 18(i5 and 187-') make this subject of primary importance and auard the public school funds \\'itii zealous care. The fact is, the constitution of no state contains more litieral and enlighteneil jn'ovisions relative to popular education than the constitution of Misscnii'i, adopted in 1875. Durinir the past si\tv-two years ot' her existence not a solitary line can be found upon her statute books inimical to the cause of education. Xo political party in all her history has ever arrayed itself apxinst free schools, and her governors, each and all, from 18i?-l to the present time (1882), have been earnest advocates of a broad and liljeral system of education, As earlv as 1839, the state established u general school law and system.

In 1853, one-fourth of her annual revenue was dedicated to the maintenance of free schools. Her people have taxed themselves as freely for this cau^e as the peo^jle of any other state. With the single exception of Indiana, she surpasses every other state in the Union in the amount of her available and productive permanent school funds, the productive school t'und of Indiana being $l>.(l(;,"i,254.7o, while that of Missouri is $8,950,805.71, the state of Nmlli Carolina ranking third. The state of Indiana levies a tax for school purposes of sixteen cents on the one hundred dollars of taxable values, and does notpermit a local tax exceeding twenty-five cents on that amount. The state of Missouri levies a tux of live cents and permits a local tax of forty cents without a vote of the people, or sixty-five cents in the country districts and one dollar in cities and towns, by a majority vote of the tax-payers voting.

For the year ending in April, 1880, only two counties in the state re[)orted a less rate of local taxation than the maxinmm allowet! in Indiana, only one the amount of that maximum, and the average rate of all the counties reported was about thirty-nine cents, or fourteen cents more than the possible rate of that state. It may not be known that Missouri has a greater number of school-houses than Massachusetts, yet such is the fact. The amount she expends annually tor public education is nearly double the rate on the amount of her assessed valuation that the amount expended by the hitter state is on her valuation, while the [jublic school funds of Missouri exceed those of Massachusetts, $5,405,127.0!).

Tlic Missouri b}\-tein of education is. (lerhaps, as good as that of ai)}- other state, ami is becoming more effectively enforced each succeeding 3'ear. The one great fault, or Itick in the laws in reference to common schools, is tlie want of exccuti\'e agency within the count}'. The state department should have positive and unequivocal supervision over the county superintendent, and tiie count}' superintendent should have control over the school interests of the county under the direction of the state superintendent. When this is done the people of the state will reap the full benefits that sliould riccruc to them from the already admirable system of free schools which are now in successful operation througliout the state.

The public schools of Howard county were organized in 1867, under the law of 186(1. There had been, since an early date, public money distributed for the benefit of the children of the poor and indigent of the county, but no distinctive public schools taught in the county until 18G7. These schools were organized generally by Thomas G. Dcatherage, who, though not teaching at the time, was friendly to the public schools, and was anxious to see them firmly established and bearing fruii.

The school districts at that time r.umbered about sixty, and in each of these a school was organized. The system was not pojiular at the begiiming, but as time passed, and the schools have gradually grown better, it has increascil in favor until the public schools are now liberally patronized.

The report for 1882, shows the number of white persons in the county betv>-ecn six and twenty years of age were : Males, 2,131; females, 1,88G. Colored persons between six and twenty }'ears of age: Males, 711; females, 580 - making a total of 5,317. This was an increase over the [)receding year.

To accommodate the number of pupils attending the public schools, the county has increased from year to 3'car the number of school houses, initil they now (1883) number about seventy, a majority of which are neat, frame buildings, a few being brick, but all constructed with reference to the health, comfort and convenience of both teachers and jnipils. These pupils are un<ler the care and instruction of fifty male and forty-two females, making a total of ninety-two te.ichers. The teachers are, in the main, not persons who have temporarily adopted the vocation of a teacher a- a mere expedient to relievo present wants and with no ultimate aim lo continue teachinir, hut arc men and women wiio have chosen their pi-ofession from choice, expecting to prosecute their labors for many years to come. The male teachers are paid a salary v.-hich averages $36.44 per month, and the females $37.10 ; the general average being $36.77. We hope the day is not far distant when Howard countv will be as liberal in the salaries of her female teachcr.s in the public schools, as Green, Dallas and a few other counties of our grand and noble state. These counties have recognized t!ie fact, that the services of the female teachers are worth as much as the services of the male, and pay her about an ecpial salary. Why a woman should not be jiaid as much as a man as a teacher in the public schools is a problem, wo frankly confess, we have never been able to suho upon any reasonable liypothesis. The sum ])aid to teachers for the school year of 1881 amounted to $20,640.43; paid for fuel, $678.55; for repairs and rent, $573.10; past indebtedness paid, $938. Unexpended funds on hand, $8,301.26.

Ecclesiastical Histoky

Introductory Remarks - Baptist - Christian - Presbyterian and Episcopalian Churches. For history of ^Methodist Episcopal church. South, the reader is referred to addendum.

The qtiestion as to which one of the religious denominations (B;iptist, Methodist, or Presbyterian) first held aloft the banner of Christ, in Howard county, is extremely problematical. They seem to have all been equally zealous in the cause of Christianity, in upholding and sustaining their respective churches. The most authentic record that we have found in reference to the establishment of the early churches in this county are tiie memoirs of James 'Si. Peck,

" During the war, when the r'^op'e had to live in forts, and until 1818, no correctly-thinking per-'i; conld expect Christian churches to be organized, revivals to follo-^. snd the baptism of converts to be reported. AVith five Bai)ti-t prcicr.-frs and as many more Cumberland Presbyterians and Meth':vr.s. .I'.Iy five Baptist churches, with numbers not much exceeding or- "i.idred in all, were gathered before 1818."

From the above we find rher^ - ere live Presbyterian ministers in the county, as early as 181>, sz.i t-;:ally as many j^reachers representing each of the two den'^- i-irrcs. Which, then, was actuallv the pioneer religious organize*;. c 'i:ie county we do not know, the three churches named having ---: ^rxal number of preaciiers upon the ground as early as 1818.

It is, however, claimed. -Ll: -_jt Baptists erected the first church edifice, called Mount Plea^:::::. i;f;ir -Jis town of New Franklin. Tiie first camp-meeting in the c>v.itj -:.- i-ild by the Cumberland Presbyterians, in 1824, about :^: z..'.n-^ above Old Franklin, on the Adkin Lee farm. Among t:e Tr-Xr-'-rs present upon that occasion, (332)

Isattist Chitrch

General Sl'e'ch. - The Baptists v.-ere the pioneers of reliij;ion in Howard county, and laid the strong foundation of the education, morality and religion of the present population. The faitli of the earliest settlers was th.Lit of rlic Baptists, and the oldest protcstant oi'giinization now existing in the state, north of the Missouri river, and jacking but little of being the oldest in the whole state, is the Mt. Pleasant Baptist church, near Franklin. This venerable church was organized in 1812, and has had a contiuuous existence ever since. Il was composed chiefly of persons who had first settled, and had organized a Baptist church near Loutrc island, in irontgomery county, but who, having been disturbed by the Indians, came to the Boone's Lick country for greater security. From Mt. Pleasant the Baptists rapidly spread all over the country (including the territory now called Cooper, Boone, Randolph and Clinton counties, as well as Hou-ard ). For Sf)me years thev wore the only religious denomination having organized churches in the. county. During that time they were earnestly engaged in discharging the- responsibility they felt God had laid on them. Life in a frontier country was rough, but they found time and had inclination to attend to the duties of religion. Their jn-oacliers were illiterate and had to support themselves by manual labor, but they abounded in ctlbrts to save sinners, and their Master blest them. The people were scattered over a wide territory, and often surrounded by savage enemies, but they met for Divine worship, thoueh they had to take their ritles with them ; and their places of meeting were often uncomfortable. In the pleasant weather, the spreading branches of an oak, or an arbor of boughs afforded flue facilities for preaching and hearing - the preachers had lungs in those davs, and, report says, th.e sound of their voices could sometimes be heard for miles ; but in inclement weather they had tc; crowd into the log cabins of the settlers, or into the but little larger meeting-houses they were able to erect. The tlrst meeting-hou.-.e in the county and all the territory north of the ^lissouri river, was that built at Mt. Pleasant, in about 1816. It was about twenty feet squ.'ire, and was (23) l)uiU of unlicwa logs. Tlie root' was nuulc of clapboar<ls, ki'iit on by poles laid on them. The chiiunov was built on four posts in th.c centre of the house. The house had no windows, and the two doors had thick shutters. The floor was the native soil. In the middle of the iloor, under the chimney, a tire was built to warm the worship[)ers, but, plainly, they were better warmed by a lire within them. The seats were long stools made of slipt logs. There was no pulpit, but the preacher stood on the tloor wherever it suited him best. The babes, which the mothers always lirought with them, amused themselves by playing in the wholesome dirt on the floor. But great prosperit}' attended these earnest efforts to serve God, so that by 1834 - just twenty-two years after the planting of the first church - the denomination had increased from one church, with twenty-three members, to some twelve churches, with upwards of 750 members.

Up to this time the utmost harmony, both in doctrine and practice, had prevailed ; but now, and for some four years, strifes and schisms occurred. In 1834, the views of Elder A. Campbell were introduced into some of the churches, and confusion followed. The result was that, in some of these churches, the members and preachers were divided, and new organizations were formed. These new organizations took the name of " The Christian Baptist Church," - so at iU. Pleasant - from which they afterwards dropped the word " Baptist."

In 1835, occurred the great split in the denomination. This was on the subject of missions. Two A'ears before there had been a similar split in Virginia on the same subject. One party opposed missionarv operations by district associations, general associations, state conventions and general contentions, and likewise opposed Sundayschools and niinisterial educatioa. The other part}', which in. this I)art of the country was in the minority, favored these things. For some years the points at issue were warmly discussed ; Anally, at a session of the Mt. Pleasant Association, at Mt. Zion church, the nn\tter came to a head. The minority submitted to the majority these proposition, lu'cierringthe first to the second, and the second to the third : -

" 2. We are willing to be at peace if the association will adliere to its advice given at its last session, giving to all liberty of conscience on the subject of missions.

" 3. If a division uiion the subject of missions is inevitalde, the minority proposes tliat it shall be eflectcd by advising th.e churches to grant to ministers in each churt'h. if the ministers request it, a copy of the record of the church book ; ;uk1 tliat the majorit}' in each church, whether for or against the foregoing propositions, retain the regnhir (lays of meeting anci the church liook. Should the minority in any case require it, they sliall he entitled to the use of the house two days in every month, selecting for themselves any other day, Saturday and Sunday, than those upon which the majority meet."

The majority in the association voted down the first and second of these propositions, and adopted the third. This divided the denomination. Each party continued the association, hut for a time retaining the old name - "The Mt. Pleasant Association of United Baptists" - but after some years the anti-missionary party changed the name of their association to " IMt. Pleasant Old School Baptist association."

After this split the missionary party showed great vigor, and numbers now some eighteen churches and 1,200 members. The opposing party has declined to three churches and about 150 members.

Soon after the close of the late war the negro mcmber.s withdrew and formed churches of their own. These will be more particularly mentioned below.

Bexevolent Work

The Baptists of Howard county have ever been among the foremost in the state in the support of the missionary and educational work of tiie denomination. In 1818 " Tlie ilt. Pleasant Association of United Baptists" was organized at Mt. Pleasant church. Tlian this, there are but two older associations in the state - Bethel and St. Louis - and for many years it was the most efficient body of it.s kind among the Baptists of Missouri. Until 1880 its main strength had always lain among the churches of Howard county. Here lived it^ wisest leaders and its strongest supporters. Since 1S80, most of the churches of the county have belonged to the Mt. Zion Baptist association, which was organizei.l in that year at Mt. Zion church, and which is a vigorous and efficient body.

The general organization of the Baptists of Missouri for missions and education is the general association, which has exerted a great influence and done vast good in the state. This l^od}- - tirst called the "Central Society- or Committee" - took its origin in 1833 from ;i l)raver-meeting in the house of John Jackson, near Fayette, in tlii> county, which meeting was composed of Elders Thomas Fristoc, Ebenezer Eodgers and Fielding Wilhite. For some years the executive board of the LTcneral association was located in Fayette, and ^[r. Leland Wright, now a resident in Fayette, was the corresponding

William Jewel! college, Liberty, Mo., is tlie male eolIei;'e ^vhieh the several rissoeiations founded and fosters. It is the chief Bapti-t college of the state. Many of its trustees, and some of the mo>t liberal contrihiiLors to its (mdowment, liave been found among the Baptists of Howard count}'. And Mount Pleasant college, which existed for ni any years at Huutsville, partially derived its origin and its strongest support from the churches of this county. For the past few years the average annual contributions of the denomination in the county for Christian work has been about as follows : -

To sustain the preaching of the gospel in the churches. $.3,.30t» ; missions, education and other benevolent purposes. Si, 200; total, $4,500.

In almost every neighborhood in the county theie has been ami is a Baptist chnreli. Among the points where there used to be churches, but where for various reasons they have bectmie extinct or been removed, maj' be mentioned Boonsboro, Kichland, Old Chariton, Lower iloniteau. The following list embraces churches now existing in the county : -

1. JNIount Pleasant church, near New Franklin, was organized near its present site, April 8, 1812, by Elders David McLain, Coldeu Williams and John Sneethen, presbytery. The original members, besides these three preachers, were Samuel Brown, Abraham Grooms,

Stephenson and wife, Mr.i. Winseott, iSancy Goggin, Nancy Cojum, Joseph Botv, ^Irs. John Sneethen, Sophia Swearingen, Josiah Bo(mi and wife, Dan Eider and wife. The following have lieen the pastors till now : David !McLain, William Thorp, Ebenezer Rodgers, ReubLMi Alexander, William Duncan, Green Core}', Xoah Flood, B. F. T. ' Coke, B. F. Smith, X. X. Buchner, J. D. Murphy, M. H. AVilliam-, H. ]M. King, E. D. Isbell, M. J. Breaker. The church now numbers about forty-two members, and worship in an excellent frame house - union.

2. Mount Zion church grew out of the above, and was oreanjzed December 20, 1817, at the house of Elislia Toild (now Mr. Kicharil I'ayne's) by Elders David McLain, Edwarrl Turner, Thomas Hubbard and Colden Williams. These were the oriL.'inal members : David McLain and wife, Thoanis Hubbard, Eiisha Todd and wife.

The house ot' worship is a neat frame liuilding, owned by the church and situated near where the church was organized. Present membership about thirty - a small but intelligent and active body.

3. Glasgow church is a continuation of the Old Chariton church, and so also is the Chariton church below. This Old Chariton church was organized at the town of Chariton, Chariton county (about one and a half miles from Glasgow), April 8, 1820. The presbytery consisted of elders John B. Longan, William Thorii, Charles Herryman, and Thomas Hensou. The constituent members were : General Dull' Green, Daniel Riggs, Ebenezer Podgers, John Tooley, Benj. F. Edwards, John Bowles, David Love, Enoch Morgan, Elizabeth Bowles, Sully Maddo.x, Kitty Bailey, Nancy Riggs, Ph<ebe Tooley, Sarah Botts, Sal!}- Love, Nancy Morgan, Lucietia iL Green. The pastors until 18-iS \vere Wm. Thompson, D. D., E^benczor Rodgers, and Thomas Fristol, with Addis(ni ]\L Lewis as assistant pastor. In 1827 the church moved fiom tlie town of Chariton to a point aljout two miles northeast from Glasgow. Here it remaineil until 1861, when it removed to Glasgow. The pastors from 1848 to 18G1 were Thonnis Fristol, Addison M. Lewis, A. P. Williams. And from that until the present time, the pastors have been A. P. Williams, D. D. 'M. L. Laws, M. J Breaker, J. F. Kemper, W. Pope Yeanuui, D. D., W. F. PLirris. ^^'hen the church removed to Glasgow it built a sub.^tardial brick house - now owned In- tiie Presbyterians - which was sold in in 1866, when the majority of the church withdrew and reorganized the present Charitcni church. After some years the Glasgow church built, at a cost of $12,000, the present house of worship, the most elegant in the county. The present membership is about sixty.

4. Chariton church, about six miles north of Glasgow, is a continuation of the Old Chariton church just referred to and located at its present place in 1866. At the reorganization the presbytery was composed of Elders Jesse Terril, Thomas Kilbuck, S. Y. Pitts, and G. W. Rogers. The pastors from 1S66 until the present time have been W. R. Painter, F. :M. Wadley, L. M. Berry, M. P. Matheny, A. F. Pearson. The church worships in a substantial frame house which it owns. Present memliership about 130.

5. Mount Moriali chureli \v:i-< organized August 13, 1S53, by ciders E')enczer Kodgers and Coldeu Williams. 'J'lic original meniber.s were Henry Burnliam, Sarah Bnraliani, Samuel Hughes, Naney Huglies, John Jaelvson, Susannah Jacivson, Jol)n Matthews, Kuchel Matthews, James Keid, Aljraham Dale, Pleasant Wilson, Susannah Wilson. Pastors : El>enezer liodgers, A. J. Bartec, William Dunean, Wm. Thompson, B. T. F. Cake, G. R. Pitts, W. R. Painter, M. F. Williams, M. J. Breaker. Tlie house of worship is a substantial brick, situated about four miles west of Fayette, and is owned by the Baptists and another denomination. Present membership about si.xt}'.

6. Roanoke cliurch is a continuation of the old Mount Moriah church, which was formed about twelve miles north of Fayette in 1826, but the names of the original members and of the pastors liefore 1836 could not be obtained. In 1S3() the name was cliangod to !Mount Olive, and after some years the church removed to the town of Roanoke, and has been called by that name ever since. The i)astors have been since 1836, as follows : -

7. Gilcad church was organized in April, 1820, by Elders Edward Turner and Colden AVilliams. Original membership : Edward Turner and wife, l)aniel Lay and wife, Sally Brashears, Amos Deatlierage and wife, Henry Saling and wife, Elizabeth Saling, Jane Maughan, Paten ]\Iaughan, Henr}- Bowman. The pastors have been Edward Turner, J. D. Butts, Thomas Turner, A. J. Bartee, AA'illiam Dunean, Jesse Terril, 11. II. Harris, Noah Flood, AV. R. A\'oods, Green Carey, AVm. H. Morris, J. D. Murphy, J. AV. Terrill, P. T. Gentry, M. F. AVilliams, E. D. Isbell, J. B. Dotson, L. M. P.erry. House of worship is situated about five miles east of Fayette, a frame bouse, owned in part l)y the Baptists. The present membership of the church is aljout ninety.

8. Fayette church grew out of ^It. Moriah in 1839. The members were these : AA'm. Taylor, Emily Taylor, Sarah C. Birch, Olivia C. Birch, Elizabeth Daly, Louisa Major, Elizabeth ]\Iajor, James Bradley, Susan AA'ilson, Adelia Garner, Eu[)hemia Turner, Geo. A\'. Lydiletes, D. E. Seai-cy, David Morrow, Eleanor ^Morrow, ilary Ann Anderson, Elizabeth J. Searcy, Eliza Holliday, Terry Bradley, Christopher Cockerill, Hardin A. AA'ilson, Amanda Shepard, Eliza Aim

Eeynolds, Lotty \\'aUs, l'oll_v LitehU'r, John ILmsun, Jane Hanson, Joliii W. Soarey, Mrs. W. 11. Diokeisuu, John 11. Potts, Priscillii Price, -Susan, slave of Jos. [Major; Hstlicr, slave of Eunice Payn.c ; Esther and Eliza, slaves of Mrs. E. Daly. The pastors have been : A. M. Lewis, Thomas Fristoe. A. B. Ilardy, W. W. Keep, G. C. Harris, N. Flood, "Wm. Thompson, Green Carey, F. AVilhite, X. X. Buckner, G. R. Pitts, A. M. King, E. D. Isbell, T. A. Eeid, M. J. Booker. The house of worship is a substantial frame building, well situated in the town. The present memliership is about eighty.

9. ]\lount Ararat church was organized in 1SG5 by Elder William Woods and Jesse Terril. The original moubers were : T. Creesou and wife, T. Pemberton and wife, William Nicolas and wife, Andrew Nicolas and wife, Sallie Nii'olas, Eunice Creesou, Jiuie ]\IcGrudci-, James Ci'eeson, Willis Graves and Ruark Graves, Nancy Creesou. Pastors: W. H. AVoods, S. G. Pitts, F. M. Stark," L. A. Minor. No house of worship is owned by the church, Ijut services are held in the Pemberton school-house, about eleven miles north of Fayette. Present membership about soventj'-tive.

lU. Friendship church, about six ujiles north of Favctte, was organized May y, \^'2'J, by Elders Edward Turner, El)ene2er Eodgeis, Thomas Turner, A. J. Bartee and Thomas Todd. The original members were : Benjamin Cook, Polly Cook, Wm. Cornett, Nanc}' Cornctt, John Kirby, John Leach, Jemima Leach, Wm. Baskett, Susan Baskett, Samuel Fields, Ehira Gibbs, John Swetnam, Sarah Swetnam. The pastors have been: A. J. Bartee, Jesse Terril, AV. H. Woods, W. L. T. Evans, Joshua Terril, J. D. Smith. Present membership about seventy-tive. A good frame house is owned by the church.

12. Boone's Lick church, near Lisbon, was organized January 2<^, 1870, by W. R. Woods and William Kilbuck. pre-bytery. The original members were Pre-ton V. Smith, Mary Smith, Namn- Cooper. Martha Booth, J. H. Bodle, Rachel Bodle, Marv Stuart, Marv M. AViscman.

Kicliard Jarlvson, Louisa Garvin, M. E. Ain.iwortli, Mai-'tlia A. Duiiii, Muiy E. Jolmsoii, Susan Burton, Rohei't Tippett, Catli.iriue Tippott, Eglantine Headrick. The pastors have l)een Jacl-cson Harris, W. L. Baskett, Lutiier Ch\vd. The present nien\i)ersliip is about twent_vtive.

13. Moniteau clnireli, at Bunker Kill (Myer's post-office) was organized at the house of ]Mr. John Perkins in lS-17 or 1S4.^, by Elders J. ^\^ Terril and Green Carey. The original uieuilior.s M-ere John and Buehel Perkins, Aaron and Willis Andrews, Henry and Cynthia Lyneh, A. Banes. The pastors have been Jesse Terril, Bartlett Anderson, James Burton, William E. Woods, W. L. T. Evans, John Byrum, W. L. Baskett, Green Carey. The church worships in a good frame house in which it owns a half interest. The present mcnibershij) is about sixty.

14. Euhaniah chnreh, six miles north by west from Fayette, organized in 1870 b}' Elders ^I. L. Laws, R. J. ]Manstield, W. L. Baskett, John Byrum and W. R. Woods. The original members "were Martin and Nancy Andrews, Nancy and William and Van Bureu Andrews, Bennett Brown and wife, James Y. ?tliller and Ann his wife, A\'illis Rout and Sally his wife and Nancy his daughter, Harriet Andrews, Joe Andrews and Fannie his wife, Sti-otta Pritchett and Patsy his wife, Russia Branham. James Hutson. and Alex, his son and Rebecca his wife, Roliert and Jimmie Andrews, Mrs. Eaton and Ike, Kibble, Nancy and Jane her children, John Eaton and Mary his wife, Lucy Hackley, Eva Hackley, James Miller, James Branham, William Pulliam, Luther ]*ulliain, Bradley Pulliam, Emma Broaddus, Marv Hudson, Newton Hudson, George Rout, Franklin Stnith and Bett Ann his wife, Dcn-a Browning, Nicinda Andrews, Mary Gibbs. The pastors have been W. L. Baskett and William Kilbuck. The church worships in a school-house. Present membership is about forty-eight.

15. Mizpali chni'ch, about tour miles northeast of Fayette, \vas organized in ls72, liy elders ^L L. Laws, ^l. F. Williams, and H. il. King. The original members M'erc J. Q. Moherly, Prior Burton, Robert Dougherty, Charles Berkley, Mrs. A. E. Berkley, Mrs. S. Burton, Mrs. M. E. Moberly, Mrs. ^iary Dougherty, Mrs. H. Georoe, ^Irs. E. Williams, Mrs. J. Patterson, :Mi3s Laura Patterson, Mrs. M. Jourdan, N. Brown, S. R. Jourdan, Miss N. George, J. Stroby, Mrs. P. George, Owen Williams. The pastors have been P. S. CoHop. ^sl. F. Williams, W. K. Woods, J. D. Smith. The church is a union house, a good frame building. Present meml>ei'sliip about fourteen.

17. Kock Spring chui'ch (old school) is situated about eight miles west of Fayette. It was organized iu 182.3 by Polders Ebenezer Eodgers and C. Williams. The original members were the same as those given for Mount Moriah, for this church is a continuation, in one line, of the INIount Moriah church. The pastors since 1839 have l)cen : E. Alexander, A. B. Frioreor, J. W. Akers, ^Martin Duty, James Bradley, L. B. Wright. In 1872, the name of the church was changed to its present nairic, and the church built its pi-cscnt substantial house of worship. The membership numbei's about tifty.

IS. New Hope church (old school), near Bunker Hill, was organized as early as 1830, hut further information could not be obtained. The present membership is probably about eighteen persons.

19. Sharon church (old school) has the same location as the Sharon ciuirch above. It was organized as early as 1826, and is a continuation of the old ilount Ararat church. It has a membership of about eighteen persons. No further information could be obtained concerning it.

N.B. - These three churches do not contain quite all th.e Old School Baptists in the county. At all the above points where churches were organized prior to 1835, that organization continued in two lines, and we have given the line that has kept up an organization till now. In man}- cases the old school line continued many years parallel with the other. '

20. Second church, Fayette rnegro), was organized soon after the close of the war, but no names or dates could be obtained. The present membership is supposed to be about 100.

21. Bethel church (negro) is situated in the ^lissouri bottom, a few miles west of New Franklin. This is all that could be ascertained about it.

Christian Church

Two of. the Cliristian churches of tliis county were organized at a very early day - l>etweeu 1816 and 1820. They were organized substantially) on the &anie basis as those "ivhich were afterwards known. as the Disciples of Christ and Christian churches, that originated from the ministry of B. W. Stone, of Kentucky. The ministers who organized and uiio became the pastors of these churches, were Thomas McBride, and James McBride, his son ; he and his son left the count}' at an early duy. Joel H. Haydeiicame to the county in 1827 or 1828, and labored with the ilcBrides. He was a man of strong mind and spotless reputation. Joel Prewjtt was among the early ministers, coming in 1830, :ind did much for the cause of Christ.

Several other churches were organized about 1830, at which period a union was etl'ected Ijclwcen the Stoneites, New Lights, Campbcllites, Reformers, and IJisciples in Kentucky. After the union of these churches in Kentucky, the churches elsewhere throughout the country were united and were kno\vn as Disciples or Christians, and were organized under the name of " Church of Christ." From 1830 to 1840, Eider :Marcus AVills of Callaway county, Missonri, preached in Howard county. Elder F. ^L Palmer preached also tV)r several churches. From 1840 to 1850, D. P. Henderson, T. M. Allen, H. S. Boon, William Boon, Jerry Lancaster, and Dr. Wintlirop H. Hopson labored here in the ministry. Henderson and Allen left for California in 1849. Dr. 'Hopson came to the county in 1847, and after practising medicine for a short time gave himself entirely to the ministry; he was an influential man and an eloquent speaker. From 1840 to I8t30, William Burton probably did labor more and with lai'ger results than any other minister. His education was limited, but he possessed tine social qualities and great power as an exhorter. About the year 1840, Elder Thomas ^I. Allen, of Columbia, Boone county, spent a portion of his time in Howard. Elder S. S. Church was in the county in 1849 and 1850. From 1850 to 1860 Alexander Proctor, now of Lulependence, Missouri, and a graduate of Bethany college, Virginia, began his ministry here. In 1851, John W. McGar-

History Of Iiowakd And Chakiton Counties

Thomas W. Gaines was pastor of several churches in the countv abonl the same time. N. B. Peeler, anotlier graduate of Bethany college, commenced his ministerial labors in Howard county in 1860, and remained until 1870. There are seventeen organized churches in the county ; two of these. Big Springs and Koanoke, are partly in Boone and Eandolph. Total membership is about 1,000. Ten of these churches own houses of worship valued at $9,700, and a half interest in two other houses of worship valued at $1,000; one-fourth interest in three houses of worship, valued at $S00 ; making about $12,000 of cliurch property.

Church of Christ was organized by Elder Thomas ^IcBride or Joel H. Ilayden, about 1830. Among the original members were Thomas McBride and family, Joel H. Hayden and wife, Joel Prewitt, Henry Crismau and wife. Major Johnson and wife, George Saffran, Mrs. Kuth \yhite, A. J. Herndou, Thomas Roy, Sr., F. E. William.s and wife. Dr. S. T. Crews and wife (the last three named and A. J. Herndon are still living). Elder [NIcBridc, Elder Hayden and Elder Prewitt were the pa-tors up to 1840 ; after that time for several years Jerry Lancaster was pastor. Between 1840 and 1850, T. M. Allen preached quite often at Fayette; as did Dr. Hopson, S. S. Clnirch and D. P. Henderson, H. L. Boon and T. M. Allen, in 1851 : J. W. McGarvey and William C. Boon, in 1854 ; Thomas N. Gaines, in 1807 ; J. A. Berry, in 1868 ; W. H. Blank in 1871-2 ; W. M. Feather^tone, in 1873-5; Jaiiies M. Tennysim, 1878-80; James Kandall, from 1882- 83, and is the present(1883) pastor. W . H. Hopsou, A. J. Herndon, L. Cook and John H. Bradley each occasionally otBciated as ministers of the Fayette church, from 1849 to 1867. Alexander Campbell visited Fayette in 1852 and again in 1858. In 1850 the church had 284 members; it now has eighty members. The house of worship was built in 1840 and is valued at §1,000.

Church at Koanoke was organized in 1845, by Allen Wright. Robert Terrill, James Tcrrill, and Presley Halley were among the early members. In 1850, S. S. Church was the pastor, J. A. Berry from 1865 to 1870. J. A. AVedington has preached for them diiriug the four yeais past. Captain Baglc}-, Colonel James Richardson, and Dr. Walker are among the prominent members of the church at this time.

and Miiitin Little, Sr. Samuel Rodi:-ers, of Kentucky, vi>:itecl this church us early as 1821 or 1822. McBride, Hayden, and Prt'witt officiated with others up to ] 8o0. J. W. McGarvey tilled the pulpit in ix'j 1 , J. V. Gains in ISofJ and 1857. D. P. Henderson, T. M. Allen, and others, from 1850 to 1860. W. H. Roberson and N. B. Peeler were born and raised in the church, the latter preaching from 18()5 to 1873, and again in 1S80 and 1881 for this church; James Randall fron\ 187-4 to 1877; V. Hockensmith from 1878 to 1879. "William H. Little, James Smith, J. F. Hockley, and B. ^laxwell have each preached for this church at ditlerent times. J. M. Tennyson and O. A. Carr are the pn-csent ministers. This is the largest church f)f this denomination in the county, having a membership of 150. They own a house of worship valued at $1,200.

Mount ^loriah church was organized by Elder Prewitt in 1835. Prewitt and wife and Martin Yerian and wife were among tlie early members. Prewitt and Haydcn preached for this church several v'ears. The church organization was discontinued in 1845 and reorganized again in 1871. W. H. Blank, J. R. Gallemore, and J. H. Headington have each tilled the palpit of this church. Present membership, thirty. J. H. Headington is the present pastor.

Church at Armstrong, was organized August 9, 1881, by R. N. Davis, James Boggs, and T. N. Gates, elders. J. P. AVitt is the present pastor. Twenty-one members have an interest in a union house of worship.

Church at New Libert}' - In 1873, this chf.rch was organizetl l)y M. M. Davis. F. M. Grimes and family, and J. W. Thompson and wife were among the original members. Grimes and Thompson have been elders from the organization of the church, and D. Long and Patrick, deacons, D. M. Granfield and O. A. Carr have held meetings for this church. ^Membership is about twenty.

Church at Glasgow - This church was established in 1841, by H. P. Boon. John H. Estill and wife, Alfred Roper and ^vife, Weston F. Birch, W. C. Boon, "W. B. Tolley and William Allega were the constituent members. H. P. Boon was the first pastor. A. Proctor, S. S. Church," L W. Waller, Dr. J. W. Cox, J. M. Tennyson and T. W. Allen have each tilled the pul[nt of this church. The church went down in 1860, and was reorganized in 1878. T. W. Allen, present pastor. Membership twenty. Building cost $1,500.

Church at Boonsboro was formed in 1850, liy W. M. Bnrtiu, with the follo^^-ing members: John Arnick and wit'e, William Arnick and wife, Greenticld HetUetinger and wife. Henry Cooper, Xancy B.

Cooper, Lottie Sims, ('aruline Smith, Ana Sinis, Caswell Dunking and Thomas Caniphell. Elders of the church at that time were John Arnick and Greenlleld Iletilefincer. William Burton, Castleman, Joel Hayden, Wilniot, Jlohert N. Hudson, Giles Phillips and Th.oma^ Campbell have each preached for tliis churcb. Present nieinbership, ninety-nine.

Church at Pleasant Green - Elders Joel H. Ilayden and Tliomas E. Gates organized tliis church, September 30, 18G1. William Allesa and wife, and Joseph Silvey and wife were a few of the constituent members. "William Burton, Stephen Bush, Talton Johnson, R. N. Davis, M. :M. Davis, W. N. Tandy, I. P. Witt and R. II. Love have been pastors of this church. James Kamlail is piesent minister. House erec'ted, in 18G7, at a cost of $1,000. Memliers number forty-six.