Gage County, Nebraska - Chapter 31: People Who Have Done Their Part in Making Gage County, 1918 (part 11 of 29)

In America the family history begins with Governor Arthur Dobbs, born April 2, 1689, who was high sheriff of County Antrim and for many years member of parliament for Garrickfergus. He was appointed engineer and surveyor general of Ireland by Sir Robert Walpole, and in 1753 was sent out by George - II as governor of the colony of North Carolina. He took office, at Newbern, November 1, 1754, and immediately adopted measures to conciliate the Indians. Treaties were made with the Catawabas and Cherokees, and, to protect western North Carolina from Indian depredations, he erected, armed and manned Fort Dobbs, on the south fork of the Yadkin. He established courts of justice in a number of districts where none had been before, and, himself a man of letters, he encouraged learning in the colony. In a book entitled "Lives of Distinguished Men of North Carolina," by J. W.-Peele, (Raleigh, 1898,) is the following reference to his administration: "Progress of the style which marked the period of the American Revolution can be traced in North Carolina from the administration of Governor Dobbs". This has reference to the exalted style and purity of expression which characterizes the writings of the heroes of the Revolution. Governor Dobbs governed his colony wisely and well, raising it from a wretched state of poverty to a position of financial independence. Amongst other things he was remarkable as a colonizer. When he came to North Carolina the colony contained nine thousand inhabitants, but at the close of his eleven years' service as governor it had forty-five thousand.

Amongst the immigrants whom he induced to come to North Carolina were many of his immediate relatives, who came with the hope and expectation of appointment to office and other preferments. The Governor amassed large possessions and by a high-toned defense of the royal perogatives, against the rising tide of democratic resistance to royal claims, made many powerful enemies. Charges were preferred against him to the crown, including amongst other things nepotism, the unjust accumulation of wealth and a fixed determination on his part to locate the capital of the colony on his own land. In 1765, nearly ten years prior to the beginning of the Revolutionary war, he resigned his office to return to England and defend himself in the court of George III, his friend and patron, the learned George II, having died in 1760. Before he was able to adjust his affairs and take ship, he died, at the age of eighty-two years.

Governor Dobbs left numerous relatives in North Carolina, amongst them his sons Conway Richard and Edward Brice Dobbs, the latter being a member of his council. He also left a brother, described in his will as Rev. Dr. Richard Dobbs ; also Richard Spaight, likewise a member of his council, and presumably the father of Richard Dobbs Spaight, a nephew of the Governor, who was afterward distinguished as a delegate from North Carolina to the convention which framed the federal constitution, and who afterward became the eighth governor of the state of North Carolina.

According to Gruppy, a recognized authority on Irish genealogy; a son Chesley was born to Governor Arthur Dobbs by his marriage with Ann, daughter and heir of Captain Osborne, of Timahoe, County of Kildare, relict of Captain Norbury. Burke, in the Irish Landed Gentry, states that there was issue of this marriage and that Conway Richard Dobbs took the inheritance, but fails to give the names of the other sons.

came Chesley Dobbs, the grandfather of Fidillo Hunter Dobbs. It is stated of him that he served seven years in the Revolutionary army under a Colonel William Washington, and afterward settled in Claiborne county, Tennessee. His son Joel, father of Fidillo Hunter Dobbs, was born in Buncombe county, North Carolina. He married Sallie Morgan, also a native of North Carolina, and a member of the well known southern family of that name. She was closely related to General John Morgan, the "Raider" of Civil war fame. Their marriage took place in Claiborne county, Tennessee, in 1815. Shortly afterward the family removed to Casey county, Kentucky, where Fidillo Hunter Dobbs was born on the 4th day of March, 1823. The other children of this marriage were Hugh H., Russell L., Bethene, Anderson, Orlean, William C, Archibald and Sallie. In 1828, the mother died, and in 1829 Joel Dobbs contracted a second marriage, with Elizabeth Langville. From this union there were born seven children, of whom five reached maturity: some attained wealth and prominence in eastern Illinois.

In 1830 Joel Dobbs removed his family from Kentucky to Putman county, Indiana, where he located near Greencastle, on the great national highway then being constructed across the state from Terre Haute to Cincinnati. In 1837 the family, except Hugh, Russell, Bethene and Anderson, all of whom remained in Indiana, rernoved to the Ozark country in southwestern Missouri and located in the valley of the White river, in Taney county, where, in 1842, the father, Joel Dobbs, died.

Fidillo Hunter Dobbs acquired in the common schools of Indiana and Missouri, a good, unable education for those times, and when twenty-one years of age he became a schoolmaster, pursuing this useful occupation five years. On August 1, 1847, at Forsyth, Taney county, Missouri, he married Mary Jane Schullenbarger, the eldest daughter of Jacob and Susan (Simeon) Schullenbarger; she was one of his pupils in a district school in the Ozark mountains. They became the parents of eleven children, William Jacob, Hugh Jackson, Susan Catherine, Russell Lane,

Sarah Jane, Louisa Florizelle, Joel Bracken, Josephine, John Abram, Thomas Francis and IvUcy Ann. All grew to maturity and are still living excepting. Susan Catherine, who died in Andrew county, Missouri, of an infantile disease, in 1842, aged thirteen months.

In May, 1852, the family moved from southwestern to northwestern Missouri, where Fidillo Hunter Dobbs purchased a farm of eighty-seven acres. on the Nodaway river, ten miles southwest of Savannah, the county seat of Andrew county. In March, 1856, he sold his farm and moved to a farm on the Hundred and Two river, in the edge of Grand Prairie, eight miles northeast of Savannah.

In August, 1858, he came to the new territory of Nebraska, and under the pre-emption law of the country he located a claim in Section twenty-three, Rockford township. Gage county. He built a round-log cabin on his claim, rived clapboards to cover it, mowed with a scythe and stacked five tons of prairie hay, and returned to Missouri to spend the winter of 1858-1859. He left Missouri on the £rst day of March with his family, consisting of his wife and six children, and arrived in Gage county March 12, 1859. The following May he sold his first claim and bought of George W. Stark his pre-emption rights to the northwest quarter of Section fourteen in Rockford township. On August 5, 1863, at Brownville, Nebraska, he made homestead entry of this tract of land at the government land office, he being the forty-seventh entryman under the homestead law. This tract of land constituted the family homestead until 1906, when this pioneer husband and wife left their old home and came to Beatrice to spend the brief remnant of their days.

Fidillo Hunter Dobbs died at his home in Beatrice, from a stroke of paralysis, on the 16th day of July, 1907, aged eighty-four years, four months, twelve days.

His beloved wife, Mary Jane Dobbs, survived him but a few months, dying at her liome in Beatrice March 7, 1908, aged seventysix years, six months, seventeen days. They lie side by side in Evergreen Home cemetery and their resting place is marked by a monument. As the fruit of their marriage, there were living at the time of their death, ten children, fifty-four grandchildren and eleven great-grandchildren. Their living posterity now includes ten children, fifty-five grandchildren, fifty-one great-grandchildren, and four great-great-grandchildren, - a total of one hundred and twenty persons.

Throughout his long life Fidillo Hunter Dobbs was an active and a useful member of society. He was by occupation a farmer hut. found time to take an intelligent interest in public affairs. From 1862 to 1866, inclusive, he was a member of the board of county commissioners of Gage county, and with William Tyler and Fordyce Roper, the other members of the county board at that time, and John W. Prey, one of the commissioners of Lancaster county, adjusted the affairs of old Clay county after its partition between Lancaster and Gage.

The home of Fidillo Hunter and Mary Jane Dobbs was always known far and wide for its open hospitality. All who came were welcome and for the entertainment of strangers it is doubtful if he ever accepted wilUngly a cent of compensation. In 1866 they erected a hewedlog, story-and-a-half house ; though in a ruined condition, it still exists on the old homestead. Here for many years

This was their residence until 1885, when they erected, near the northeast corner of their homestead, a commodious frame house which formed their domicile while they remained on the farm. Both these homes were centers for the social, educational and religious life of the community, and, covering a radius of many miles, the spirit, of .this home was a potent influence for the best there is in humanity. By their simple, unostentatious and helpful lives, Fidillo Hunter and Mary Jane Dobbs endeared themselves to hundreds of the pioneers of Gage county, and if "to live in hearts we leave behind is not to die" they are assured of immortality.

JOHN B. REIFF has resided since 1889 on his present farm, which comprises one hundred and sixty acres and is situated in Section 21, Rockford township. He was bom in Woodford county, Illinois, February 10, 1863, and is a son of Joseph and Mary (Bailey) Reiflf, the former of who was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1828, and the latter of whom was born in Ohio, October 5, 1837. The death of the father occurred July 3, 1903, and that of the mother on the 22d of May, 1917.

Joseph Reiflf was a son of Jacob Reiff, who passed his entire life in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and who was a farmer by vocation, he having been a descendant of one of three brothers who came from Germany and settled in the Old Keystone state in the pioneer era of its history. The wife of Joseph Reiff was a daughter of Yost Bailey, who came from Germany and settled in Pennsylvania, whence he later removed to Ohio, and finally he established his home in Illinois, in the pioneer days, his death having there occurred in 1877. In 1848 Joseph Reiflf became a resident of Woodford county, Illinois, and finally he purchased land and turned his attention to independent farm enterprise. He eventually accumulated four hundred and forty acres of land and he so improved the property that when he finally sold the same he was able to dispose of the land at a rate varying from eighty to eighty-five dollars an acre. In 1889 he came to Gage county, Nebraska, where he purchased five hundred and sixty acres of land, much of which he later gave to his children, who were five in number and three of whom are still living : Samuel is a retired carpenter and builder residing at McPherson, Kansas, in which state he established his home in 1888 and in which he owns valuable farm property; John B., of this sketch, is the next younger; and Elizabeth, who is the widow of Ezra P. Steel, resides at Kidder, Missouri. The parents were earnest members of the Church of the Brethren and in politics the father was an independent Republican during the later period of his life. He achieved a large -measure of temporal prosperity and did

John B. Reiff is indebted to the public schools of Illinois for his early educational discipline, which was supplemented by higher studies in Mount Morris College, that state. After having been for four years engaged in independent farming in his native commonwealth he came to Gage county and purchased his present well improved farm, a property that has been transferred but three times since it was a part of the government domain, the substantial and commodious house on the homestead having been erected in the '60s and showing the throughness which attended building operations in that pioneer period.

In 1885 Mr. Reiff married Miss Susan Gish, who likewise was a native of Woodford county, Illinois, and she passed to eternal rest January 16, 1897. Of this union were born five children : Carson is a farmer in Rockford township, as is also Charles; Ida is the wife of Lee Divine, a farmer near Blue Springs, this county; Oma is employed as a skilled stenographer in the city of Denver, Colorado; and Estella is the wife of Robert E. Harris, of Pleasanton, Buffalo county, Nebraska.

In 1899 Mr. Reiff contracted a second marriage, when Miss Martha Fink became his wife. She is a daughter of Samuel and Hannah (Watenberger) Fink, both natives of Tennessee, where the father passed his entire life, Mrs. Fink having passed the closing years of her life in the home of her daughter Martha, Mrs. Reiff. Mr. and Mrs. Reiff have four children, - Hilda, Joseph, Elva and Ola.

In politics Mr. Reiff is a Republican, and he is now serving as justice of the peace, and as a member of the school board of his district. He is a director of the Blue Springs Telephone Company and a member of the Crop Improvement Association of Gage county. He and his wife are zealous members of the Brethren church of Rockford township, and he is secretary of the same. He is a member of the board of directors of the Farmers Elevator Company of Holmesville, is now the owner of a fine landed estate of

JOSEPH COOPER properly finds recognition in this history by reason of his standing as one of the progressive exponents of farm industry in Gage county, his home farm being in Section 34, Riverside township. Mr. Cooper was born at Stratford, Perth county, Province of Ontario, Canada, and the date of his nativity was February 12, 1881. He is a son of Joseph Cooper, who likewise was a native of Stratford, where he was born July 13, 1849. Joseph Cooper, Sr., followed the business of brick manufacturing in his native province until 1886, when he came with his family into the United States and engaged in the same line of industrial enterprise at Maryville, Missouri. There he continued his activities in this field of productive enterprise until 1892, when he came with his family to Gage county, Nebraska, and established his residence in the city of Beatrice. Here he developed a prosperous business as a manufacturer of brick and he established and conducted also a brick yard at Pawnee City. Of both of these enterprises he continued the executive head until his death, which occurred October 9, 1900, and he was known and honored as a successful business man and loyal and progressive citizen. His widow, whose maiden name. was Isabel Wharram, was born at Bayfield, Ontario, Canada, on the 28th of December, 1858, and she now makes her home with her son Joseph, subject of this review. Joseph and Isabel Cooper became the parents of the following named children : Rosetta, George R., Rachel, Lillian, Joseph, Jr., Mary, William, John, Frances, Harry, Ethel B. and Fred A. Rosetta is deceased; Mary is the wife of C. Fritz, of Midland township; William is a resident of Beatrice; John lives in Riverside township ; Frances is the wife of B. Connelly, of Beatrice; Harry is a resident of Riverside township; and Ethel B. and Fred A. remain in Beatrice.

family came from Canada to the United States, and he attended the public schools of Missouri and those of Beatrice, Nebraska, including the high school in the Gage county metropolis. As a young man he assisted his father in the manufacturing of brick, and in 1900 he purchased forty acres of land in Riverside township, where he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. In the year 1910 he enlarged the scope of his enterprise by leasing a larger tract of land, and five years later he purchased the quarter-section of land where he now resides. By following progressive methods in tilling the soil, rotating crops, and planting those cereals best adapted to soiB and climate, and by feeding cattle for market quite extensively he has been more than ordinarily successful. He is now the owner of four hundred and eighty acres and leases an equal amount. He makes a specialty of putting up prairie hay, of which product he markets hundred of tons every year. Mr. Cooper has erected four sets of buldings on hisland and his progressiveness is further shown by his commendable interest in all measures advanced for the public good. Mr. Cooper is still a young man, and as he is making good use of his opportunities and is industrious and enterprising, his success and prosjierity are well merited.

GEORGE O. RAINS conducts in the city of Beatrice a substantial business in the sale of leading and popular types of automobiles, and is agent for the Oakland, the Paige, the Dodge and the Maxwell cars. He owns the well equipped building occupied by his salesrooms, on South Sixth street. He is essentially one of the progressive business men and representative citizens of the county that has been his home from his boyhood and in which he has achieved through his own ability and efforts a large and worthy success.

Mr. Rains was bom in Madison county, Indiana, on the 29th of January, 1871, and is a son of Joab F. and Mary (Rodecap) Rains, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Virginia. The father was identified with agricultural pursuits in the old Hsosier state until 1883, when he came with his family to Nebraska and settled in Nemaha county. In the following year, however, he came to Gage county, where he purchased a partly improved farm of one hundred and twenty acres, in Riverside township. With the passing years he developed this homestead into one of the fine farms of this section of the state and he was one of the substantial and honored citizens of the county, - a man who his quota to civic and industrial progress and who commanded the confidence and good will of all who knew him. He continued to reside on his farm until his death. His wife is still living and is a consistent member of the Brethem church. In politics Mr. Rains was a stalwart Democrat.

George O. Rains gained his rudimentary in the schools of his native state and was a lad of about twelve years at the time of rthe family removal to Nebraska. On the homestead farm in Gage county, this state, he was reared to adult age, early beginning to assist his father in the arduous work of the farm and in the meanwhile making good use «f the advantages of the public schools of the locality: After leaving the parental home he rented land and engaged in farming in an independent-way, and later he did successful work as a traveling salesman, his activities as a salesman of agricultural impkments having a period of about five years, within -which he traveled through an assigned terri- -tory that included many of. the counties of southeastern Nebraska. Finally he established himself independently in the implement l)usiness at Beatrice, and with this line of enterprise he here continued his successful association for several years, after which, in 1910, he established his present thriving business, which he has developed into one of the most important of the kind in this section of the state.

Vigorous and unremitting in his application to business, Mr. Rains has not hedged in his interests with mere personal advancement but has shown himself loyal and liberal in his attitude, and while he has had no political ambitions he is found aligned as a staunch supporter of the cause of the Republican party. He is affiliated with the camp of Modern Woodmen of America in the village of Ellis, this county, and he and his wife hold membership in the Christian church.

In the year 1891, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Rains to Miss Emma E. Harnes, who was born in the state of Iowa but who was a girl at the time of her parents' removal to Nebraska. Mr. and Mrs. Rains have four children, - Eetha, who is the wife of Allen O. Weigel, a prosperous farmer in Sicily township, this county ; William, who is married and resides in Beatrice, where he is engaged as an automobile salesman; Everett and his wife likewise maintain their residence at Beatrice and he is clerk in a grocery ; and Robert, who celebrated his nineteenth birthday anniversary in 1917, remains at the parental home.

DAVID S. FAUEDER became one of the pioneers of Gage county when, in 1878, he settled on a farm in Hanover township, his homestead place comprising one hundred and sixty acres. He was' bom in Washington county, Maryland, January 9, 1832, a son of Samuel and Margaret (Rohr) Faulder, natives respectively of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The lineage of the Faulder family traces back to English origin, John and Hannah Faulder, parents of Samuel, having come to America in 1794 and having settled in Maryland, where they passed the remainder of their lives, John Faulder having been a successful school teacher and having been a tailor by trade. Samuel Faulder was born in the year 1798 and in his youth he learned the trade of cooper, besides which he early became identified with agricultural pursuits. He became the owner of a good farm in Maryland, near the Pennsylvania line, and there his death occurred in 1872, his wife having passed away in 1858, and their three children having been Mary, David S. and. Margaret.

David S. Faulder acquired his early education in the schools of his native state and as a youth he learned the cooper's trade under the direction of his father. He followed his trade as a vocation for a period of about ten years. In 1853 he wedded Miss Elizabeth Snyder, who was born in Maryland, February 27, 1833, a daughter of Simon and Agnes Snyder. After his marriage Mr. Faulder continued to be engaged in farm enterprise in his native commonwealth until 1873, when he removed with his family to Ogle county, Illinois. There he leased a farm and there he continued his alliance with agricultural pursuits for five years. In 1878 he came with his family to Nebraska and settled in Gage county, as before noted. Here he reclaimed and improved a valuable farm estate of two hundred and forty acres, in Hanover township, and his success made him one of the substantial citizens of the county, even as his sterling character gained to him inviolable esteem. In 1891 Mr. Faulder retired from his farm and removed to the city of Beatrice, and there his death occurred September 13, 1917, his widow being still a resident of that city. Mr. Faulder was a stalwart Republican in politics and served many years as justice of the peace in Hanover township. His religious faith was that of the Christian church, of which his widow likewise is a devoted member. Of their eleven children nine are living: Jerome S. is associated with a mercantile concern in Beatrice and remains with his widowed mother ; Samuel R. is deceased; Laura Ellen is the wife of James F. Boggs, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this volume ; Mary C. is the wife of Dr. Charles S. Boggs, of Filley, who is made the subject of a specific sketch on other pages of this work; Charles remains with his mother ; Anna is the wife of Dr. M. H. Blackburn, of Princeton, Illinois; Ira M. is a merchant in the city of Beatrice ; Irving is a farmer in Riverside township ; Lucy E. is , .the wife of A. H. Voortman, of Beatrice; and two children died in childhood, prior to the family removal from Maryland.

DRS. BURT L. & CLEMENS A. SPELLMAN. - With one exception the Spellman brothers have been established in the successful practice of dentistry in the city of Beatrice longer than all others of their professional contemporaries in Gage county and they have built up a practice whose broad and representative scope bears evidence of their proficiency in a vocation that is both a scientific profession and a mechanical art. The brothers havebeen associated in the practice of their profession at Beatrice since the summer of 1898, in which year both were graduated in the Chicago College of Dentistry, in the city of Chi^ cago, each receiving from this institution thedegree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. Theii' fraternal and professional alliance has proved most eflfective and they maintain offices of attractive appointments and the best of modem facilities in both the operative and laboratory departments. The brothers have been residents of Gage county since boyhood and are members of a family that can consistently claim a measure of pioneer distinction, as their parents came from Iowa and established their home in Gage county nearly forty years ago.

Dr. Burt L. Spellman was born at Atlantic, Cass county, Iowa, on the 14th of January, 1873; and is a son of William N. and Louisa (Gleason) Spellman, whose marriage was solemnized in that state. William N. Spellman was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, and was a son of Clemens Spellman, who likewise was a native of the old Buckeye state, where his parents settled in the pioneer days. From Ohio Clemens Spellman eventually removed with his family to Illinois, where he passed the remainder of his life, his age at the time of death having been eighty-six years. William N. Spellman continued his association with farm industry in Illinois until about the year 1866, when he removed to Iowa. There he became one of the progressive and successful farmers of Cass county, and he was also a pioneer in the operation of threshing outfits in that section of the Hawkeye state. In 1878 Mr. Spellman came to Nebraska in an attempt to apprehend a threshing employe who had stolen and made away with a team of his horses. Incidental to this visit he became so impressed with the attractions and resources of Gage county that he determined to establish his residence within its borders. He returned to his home in Iowa and about six months later, in the same year, came with his family to this county, where he not only became the owner of valuable farm property but also achieved marked success in the buying and shipping of grain. At one time he owned a lialf interest in a flour mill at Blue Springs, his associate in the ownership and operation of this mill having been the late Dr. Gumaer. He was about sixty-four years of age at the time of his death and his wife, who is still living and resides in Beatrice, is sixty-three years of age in 1918. The only surviving children are the two sons to whom this re- Tiew is dedicated. Mr. Spellman was a stal- Tvart supporter of the principles of the Republican party, he held membership in the Presbyterian church, as does also his widow, and he was prominently identified with local organizations of the Masonic fraternity. He served as worshipful master of Tyre Lodge, No. 85, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, at Blue Springs, and his Masonic affiliations included also his active membership in the commandery of Knights Templars at Beatrice and the Temple of the Mystic Shrine in the city of Lincoln.

Dr. Burt L. Spellman profited fully by the advantages offered in the public schools of the village of Blue Springs. In 1895 both he and his brother, Clemens A., entered the Chicago College of Dentistry, and both were there graduated in 1898, as previously noted in this Prior to thus preparing himself for the profession in which he has achieved un- success Dr. Spellman had given three years of effective service as a teacher in the district schools of Gage county. The "brothers began the practice of their profession at Wymore, this county, but four months later they removed to Beatrice, the metropolis of the county, on the 5th of August, 1898, since "which time they have been here associated in the successful practice of their profession, with a distinctively representative clientele. For seventeen years they maintained their offices in a building at Sixth and Ella streets, and they then removed to the'r present well appointed quarters, in the Baker building, likewise at Sixth and Ella streets.

Dr. Burt L. Spellman gives his political allegiance to the Republican party, he and his wife are active members of the Presbyterian church, and his Masonic affiliations are with Beatrice Lodge, No. 26, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons; Livingston Chapter, No. 10, Royal Arch Masons; Mount Herman Commandery. No. 9, Knights Templars ; and Sesostris Temple of the Mystic Shrine, in the city of Lincoln.

In the year 1901 Dr. Spellman wedded Miss Roza- Barnum, who was bom and reared in Gage county and who is a daughter of the late H. Sizer Barnum. Her farther became one of the earliest permanent settlers in this county, where he established his residence in May, 1859, nearly a decade before the admission of Nebraska to the Union. Mr. Barnum was bom in the city of Buffalo, New York, November 11, 1837, and in the following year his parents, Hiram and Irena H. (Howard) Barnum removed to the former's old home in his native state of Ohio, where Hiram Barnum became a representative lawyer and a prominent, and influential citizen : he was bom in Trumbull county, in 1811, and passed the closing years of his life on a farm in that county, where he died at the age of seventysix years, his wife surviving him by a number of years. Hiram Barnum was a son of Eli Barnum, who was a native of Danbury, Connecticut, and who became one of the earliest settlers in Trumbull county, Ohio.

H. Sizer Barnum, as before stated, came to Gage county in 1859, and at the time when he established his residence in Blue Springs township there were only three other families within its borders. He developed one of the productive farms of that part of the county and here continued his activities until the outbreak of the Civil war, when, on the 1st of September, 1861, he enlisted in the First Battalion of Nebraska Calvary, being later transferred to the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, and continuing in service in Kentucky and Tennessee until November 11, 1862, when physical disability necessitated his discharge. Thereafter he remained on his farm until 1871, when he removed with his family to the village of Blue Springs, where for many years thereafter he was engaged in the livery business and in the breeding of fine horses. He became one of the most substantial and influential pioneer citizens of the county and was called upon to serve in various local offices of public trust. In this connection it should be noted that he was elected register of deeds for the county before the formal organization of the county had been effected, his certificate of election, carefully preserved by the family, bearing date of July 16, 1859. Mr. Barnum was living on East Court street, Beatrice at the time of his death and his wife, whose maiden name was Myra H. Rappleye, passed away when about seventy-two years of age. Of their four children three are living, and of the number Mrs. Spellman is the youngest. Dr. and Mrs. Spellman have two children, - Kathryn and Marguerite.

Dr. Clemens A. Spellman was born at Atlantic, Iowa, on the 8th of September, 1875, and was not yet three years of age at the time of the family removal to Gage county. Here he received in his boyhood excellent educational training under the direction of Professor Blake, one of the early and able representatives of the pedagogic profession in this county, and in 1892 he was graduated in the high school at Blue Springs. In a preceding paragraph it has been noted that in 1898 he and his brother were graduated in one of the leading dental colleges in the city of Chicago, but prior to this he had taught two years in the district schools of his home county and for one year had been associated with his father's grain business. In this article adequate data have already been given relative to his successful professional career. Both of the brothers have been specially active and appreciative in connection with their Masonic affiliations, as is indicated by the statement that each is past master of his lodge, past high priest of his chapter and past eminent commander of his commandery of Knights Templars. Dr. Clemens A. Spellman is likewise past patron of the local chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star, of which his wife is a leading member, she being, in 1917-1918, conductress of the Nebraska grand chapter of this order. The Doctor and his brother are both affiliated with the Phi Omega dental fraternity, and Dr. Burt L,. Spellman was secretary of the local organization while a student in the Chicago College of Dentistry.

Dr. Clemens A. Spellman is found aligned as a stalwart in the ranks of the Republican party and while he has had no ambition for public office he has manifested his civic loyalty through his effective service as a member of the board of education of Beatrice, a position of which he is the incumbent at the time of this writing. His Masonic affiliations include membership in Sesostris Temple of the Mystic Shrine, in the city of L,incoln, and both he and his wife are zealous members of the Presbyterian church at Beatrice, in which he is serving as deacon, as well as superintendent of the Sunday school. On the 27th of September, 1899, was solemnized the marriage of Dr. Clemens A. Spellman to Miss Carrie M. Schlosser, who was born and reared in this county and who is a daughter of Jesse L,. Schlosser, subject of specific mention on other pages of this work. Dr. and Mrs. Spellman have two children, - Helen and Clemens Eugene.

LEROY BRUGH, who is one of the representative farmers of the younger generation in Midland township, is a native son of Nebraska and a member of a well known family that was here founded in the territorial days, his paternal grandfather having been one of the earliest settlers of Dodge county. Mr. Brugh was born on a farm near Wahoo, judicial center of Saunders county, Nebraska, on the 18th of April, 1881, and is a son of Jacob A. and Laura E. (Davis) Brugh, the former of whom was born at Hartford City, Indiana, August 29, 1854, and the latter of whom was born in the state of India'na, a daughter of Andrew J. and Nancy (Cowan) Davis. Of the children of Jacob A. and Laura E. (Davis) Brugh the following brief record is given: Mabel died when about six years of age; Maude is the wife of Elof Pierson, of Oakdale, Antelope c-ounty, Nebraska; Leroy, of this review, was the next in order of birth;

Dr. Spangler Brugh, a representative physician and surgeon of Gage county, is engaged in the practice of his profession at Beatrice; Nancy is the wife of George A. Girl, of Rockford township, this county ; Arthur is married and conducts a hotel at Holmesville, this Milo is a resident of Beatrice; and one son died in infancy. The marriage of the parents was solemnized December 5, 1875.

Jacob A. Brugh js a son of Spangler and ^Nancy (Shick) Brtjgh, and he was seven years of age when his parents came to Nebraska Territory, in 1861, and established their home in Dodge county, where the father took up land under the terms of a squatter's right. About three years later Spangler Brugh sold this squatter's claim and removed with his family to Fremont, which is now a thriving little city of about ten thousand population, the judicial center of Dodge county. When Mr- Brugh there took up his abode the town was represented materially in one store and three or four houses, and he thus became virtually one of the founders of the present attractive city. Upon coming to Nebraska with his family Mr. Brugh made the journey- by railroad to St. Joseph, Missouri, from which point he came with wagon and ox team to Dodge county. Later he engaged in freighting with ox teams between Omaha and Denver, in . which profitable venture he was assisted by the late Herman Kountz, who was at that time engaged in the banking business in Omaha and who furnished him with the re- -quisite freighting outfit. Mr. Brugh continued operations as a frontier freighter until the completion of the Union Pacific Railroad, and he then engaged in the hotel business at Fremont. In this connection he conducted feed yards in which accommodations were provided for horses and wagons of settlers and travelers. He constructed a large shed of Cottonwood poles, with straw roof, and this shed accommodate seventy-five teams, a of one dollar a night being made for each team. About the year 1875 Spangler Brugh removed with his family to Saunders where he remained about fifteen years and greatly amplified his pioneer experiences.

There he took up land and engaged in farm enterprise, and after his retirement from active life he returned to his old home in Fremont, where he died on the 5th of February, 1917, at the age of eighty years, his wife having passed away October 24, 1912, and the names of both meriting enduring place on the roster of the honored pioneers of Nebraska. They became the parents of two sons and three daughters, Jacob A. having been the elder son; Spangler M. is now a resident of Pueblo, Colorado ; Mary E. became the wife of Leo Snyder and was a resident of Arlington, Washington county, this' state, at the time of her death ; Cora M. became the wife of George Coddington and died at Fremont, Dodge county ; and Miss Edna is a resident of Fremont.

Jacob A. Brugh was reared under the conditions and influences of the pioneer epoch in Nebraska history and received his early education in the schools of Dodge county. He accompanied his parents on their removal to Saunders county, and there he was engaged in farm enterprise until 1887, when he removed with his family to Colorado. There he remained eleven years, at the expiration of which he returned to Nebraska, and he and his wife now reside at Holmesville, Gage county, where they have a pleasant home and where he is living retired.

Leroy Brugh was a lad of six years at the time of the family removal to Colorado, where he was reared to adult age and given the advantages of the public schools. In 1898 he returned with his parents to his native state, and he has since been actively and successfully identified with agricultural and live-stock industry in Gage county, his operations being carried on somewhat extensively, as he is farming a well improved estate of three hundred and twenty acres, in Section 21, Midland township, and about three miles distant from Beatrice, on rural mail route No. 4. Mr. Brugh is an energetic and progressive exponent of farm enterprise, a good business man and a loyal young citizen. He is a Democrat in politics but has never been troubled with any desire for public ofifice.

of Mr. Brugh to Miss May Warford, daughter of Louis M. Warford, of Rockford township, to whom is accorded individual mention on other pages of this work. Mr. and Mrs. Brugh have three children : Dwight, Viola and Hazel, all of whom are attending school.

CHARLES S. BOGGS, M. D., who is engaged in the active practice of his profession at Filley, is essentially one of the representative physicians and surgeons of Gage county and is upholding in both a professional and civic way the high prestige of the name which he bears, his father, Hon. Lewis B. Boggs, M. D., having been one of the leading pioneer physicians and influential citizens of the county and being made the subject of a merited tribute on other pages of this publication, so that further record concerning the family history is not here demanded.

Dr. Charles S. Boggs was born at North Manchester, Indiana, on the 19th of June, 1857, and he acquired his early education in the public schools of the old Hoosier state. He was a lad of fourteen years at the time of the family removal to Gage county, Nebraska, in 1872, and here he continued his studies until he had completed the curriculum of the Beatrice high school, in which he made a splendid record as a student and was at the head of his class in scholarship. After leaving the high school Dr. Boggs gave four years of most effective service as a teacher in the schools of this part of Nebraska and he then followed the trend of ambition by beginning the work of preparation for the profession that has been significantly dignified and honored by the services of his father. He entered the medical department of the University of Iowa, at Iowa City, where he continued his technical studies one year. He then entered the medical department of the University of Nebraska, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1884 and from which he received his well won degree of Doctor of Medicine. He forthwith became associated with his father in practice, with residence and professional headquarters in the village of Filley, and here he has continued his earnest and effective labors during the intervening period of more than thirty years; his success and popularity showing the high estimate placed upon him and also giving assurance that he has kept closely in touch with the advances made in medical and surgical science. The Doctor has a large and representative practice, is actively identified with the Gage County Medical Society, the Nebraska State Medical Society and the American Medical Association, and in connection with his professional activities he conducts a well ordered drug store at Filley, he having recently erected a handsome new building for his store.

In 1882 was recorded the marriage of Dr. Boggs to Miss Mary C. Faulder, daughter of David S. Faulder, of whom individual mention is made on other pages of this work. Dr. and Mrs. Boggs became the parents of one daughter, Mabel, whose death occurred when she was twenty yeai"s of age.

In politics Dr. Boggs is found aligned with the Progressive f>arty, and he has shown his civic loyalty by many years of service as a member of the school board of Filley, as well as by service as a member of the village council. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and his wife holds membership in the Christian church.

STURMEUS PFEFFERMAN owns and occupies, at 1301 Ella street, one of the pleasant homes in the city of Beatrice, where he is nov^ living retired, after many years of earnest and productive endeavor in connection with farm enterprise. He was born in Germany, December 21, 1834, a son of Michael Hefferman, who passed his entire life in Germany and who was engaged in the mercantile business for many years. The subject of this review was reared and educated in his native land, where also he learned the tailor's trade in his youth, but he never gave any considerable attention to his trade after having acquired the same. In 1861 he immigrated to America and settled in Livingston county, Illinois, where he was employed at farm work until the spring of 1862. He then gave evidence of his earnest loyalty to the land of his adoption by tendering his aid in defense of the Union. He enUsted in Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth IlHnois Volunteer Infantry, with which gallant command he took part in numerous engagements and with which he accompanied General Sherman's forces on the historic march from Atlanta to the sea. He was fortunate in escaping wounds, but it is worthy of note that on one occasion, while in a dense brush, he felt an impact which he believed to have been made by a twig or bush, but upon later investigation he found a bullet hole in his belt, showing that his escape had been narrow. After the close of the war Mr. Pfefiferman continued his residence in Livingston county, Illinois, until 1870, when he -came to Nebraska and numbered himself among the pioneers of Gage county. He purchased land in Lincoln township and with the passing years reclaimed and developed one of the fine farm properties of the county. He still owns this valuable landed estate, of six hundred and forty acres, and his sons have active management of its operation.

Mr. Pfefiferman remained on his farm until 1897, when he removed to Beatrice, where he has since lived retired and where he is most fully enjoying the gracious rewards that are so justly his due. In politics Mr. Pfefterman supports the Republican party and he was reared in the faith of the Catholic church.

In December, 1866, Mr. Pfefiferman wedded Miss Sarah A. Thomas. She was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, October 17, 1837, a daughter of John and Mary Thomas, who passed their entire lives in the old Keystone state, Mr. Thomas having been a miller by trade and vocation. Of the ten children ' Mrs. Pfefiferman and her twin brother, Emanuel, were the youngest. Mrs. PfefYerman passed to the life eternal on the 21st of January, 1917.

Mr. and Mrs. Pfefiferman became the parents of five sons and one daughter and concerning them brief record is here entered' George, who was born December 12, 1867, is .a. successful farmer in Gage county; Lewis, who was born November 14, 1869, died in 1908; Edward C. was born February 17, 1871; Albert C. was born January 7, 1873; Jennie B., the only daughter, was the next in order of birth ; and Sturmeus, Jr., was born April 24, 1877.

FRANK J. CHITTENDEN. - Under the modern system of agricultural and live-stock industry the application of energy and good business policies insures success, and this is being significantly demonstrated in the activities of Mr. Chittenden, who is a young man of progressiveness and utmost diligence and who is being prospered in his enterprise as a farmer. He is operating a farm of two hundred acres in Clatonia township, - a property which- he rents from Henry Albert, a substantial citizen individually mentioned on other pages. The success of Mr. Chittenden is the more pleasing to record by reason of his being a native of Gage county. He was bom in Highland township, on the 28th of December, 1881, and is a son of Warren E. and Emma (Pitman) Chittenden, concerning whom more specific mention is made elsewhere in this publication.

Frapk J. Chittenden supplemented the discipline of the district schools by attending the high school in the village of Clatonia and by a course in the Northwestern Business College, at Beatrice. Reared to the sturdy training of the farm, Mr. Chittenden has found the industries of agriculture and stock-growing well worthy of his continued allegiance, but he held for three years a clerical position in the office of the treasurer of Gage county. He resigned this position in 1908, and thereafter rented a farm in Highland township until 1910, in May of which latter year he effected the lease of the large and well improved farm which now receives his supervision and in connection with which he is meeting with substantial success. In politics he is unswerving in his allegiance to the Republican party and he takes loyal interest in community affairs, as a liberal and public-spirited citizen.

was born and reared in Clatonia township, a daughter of Henry Albert. Mr. and Mrs. Chittenden ddight in extending to their many friends the hospitahty of their pleasant home, which is brightened further by the presence of their winsome little daughter, Gertrude E. They are active members of the Methodist Episcopal church in the village of Clatonia.

JACOB S. RUTHERFORD. - The ultimate and consistent reward that should prove the crown of years of. earnest and effective toil and endeavor is the gracious retirement and compassing prosperity that may be had by men arid women who have arrived at the stage on life's journey when the shadows begin to lengthen from the crimson west, where the sunset gates are open wide. Such reward has been granted to the sterling and honored Gage county pioneer whose name initiates this paragraph, and his name and achievement have been of distinctive influence in connection with the civic and material development and progress of Gage county and especially of its judicial center, the fair city of Beatrice, where he is now living virtually retired. He has held various local positions of public trust, including that of mayor of Beatrice, and further honor attaches to him for the service which he gave in his youth as a soldier of the Union in the Civil war. As a venerable pioneer and also as a citizen who has been prominent and influential in the communal affairs of Gage county, Mr. Rutherford merits a definite tribute in this history.

Jacob S. Rutherford was born in Sauk county, Wisconsin, on the 6th of April, 1846, a date that gives assurance that his parents were numbered among the pioneer settlers of that section of the Badger state. He is a son of James B. and Blanche (Slentz) Rutherford, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Ohio, their marriage having been solemnized at Mount Carmel, Illinois. From the latter state they went to Wisconsin and became pioneers of Sauk county, the father having there engaged in the development of a farm and having also operated a grist mill.

In 1853 he became one of the argonauts in California, where he engaged in the mining of gold and other lines of enterprise, with a fair degree of success, and where he remained until 1856, when he returned to ^yisconsin. In the latter state he continued his residence until the spring of 1866, when he came to Gage county, Nebraska, and, in April of that year, established his residence on a pionee* farm which he had purchased the preceding year, this old homestead being one mile north of the present village of Pickrell. He instituted the development of his farm, besides eventually adding to his landed property by taking up a homestead claim. He continued as one of the prosperous farmers and valued citizens of the county until his death, at the age of seventy-two years, his wife having been fifty-six years of age at the time of her demise.

Jacob S. Rutherford, the immediate subject of this review, acquired his -early education in the pioneer schools of Wisconsin and was fifteen years of age at the outbreak of the Civil war, so that he was ineligible for enlistment at that stage. His youthful patriotism, however, was not long to be curbed, for on the 3d of July, 1864, as a sturdy youth of eighteen years, he enlisted as a private in Company H, Eighth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, with which gallant command he continued in active service until victory had crowned the Union arms, in the spring of the following year. He took part in various engagements, including the battle of Nashville, where he received a flesh wound in the side. While with his regiment participating in the seige of Vicksburg Mr. Rutheford fell a victim to an ignoble foe, as he was attacked so severely with measles as to become delirious, the result being that when he resumed normal control of his mental faculties he found himself in a barracks hospital in the city of New Orleans. He had not yet recovered his wonted vigor when the war came to a close, and he received his honorable discharge while stationed at Demopolis, Alabama.

accompanied his parents on their removal to county, Nebraska. For a few years thereafter he gave his attention principally to op- saw mills at Beatrice and to freighting from Gage county to Kearney, this state, and ;also into Colorado. Finally his mechanical ability gained to him prestige as a skilled artisan at the carpenter's trade, and eventually he developed a substantial and successful business as a contractor and builder. He was concerned in the erection of many buildings in this county and certain of the important buildings in Beatrice stand as enduring monuments to his skill - notably those of the Be- ;atrice National Bank and the public library, besides which he was the contractor for the larger part of the excellent street paving of this city. He continued his successful activities as a contractor until 1915, since which time Tie has lived practically retired, owing to defective eyesight.

Mr. Rutherford has been notably loyal and j)Ublic-spirited as a citizen and has been influential in the local councils and campaign -activities of the Democratic party. In the -early days he served as assessor of Beatrice and adjoining townships, for two years he held the office of street commissioner of Beatrice, and his ability and popularity were further indicated by his having been retained for fourteen years as a member of the city coun- of which municipal body he was president four years. His progressive policies were engrafted strongly upon the administration of -city affairs and finally, in 1909 he had the further distinction of being elected mayor of Beatrice, an office of which he continued the incumbent two years and in which he did much to further the civic and material advancement of the city which he has seen develop from an insignificant village of true frontier type. Mr. Rutherford has been for many years affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, he is one of the honored members of Rawlins Post, Grand Army of the Republic, and his religious faith is that -of spiritualism.

who was bom in Wisconsin and who came with her father, the late Henry Brick, to Gage county, Nebraska in 1867, the year that marked the admission of the state to the Union. Mrs. Rutherford passed to the life eternal in the year 1908, and her memory is revered by all who came within the compass of her kindly and gracious influence. Though Mr. and Mrs. Rutherford became the parents of ten children none of the number attained to adult age.

FRANCIS M. PETHOUD, whose death occurred at his home farm, in Section 2, Midland township, on the 7th of April, 1906, was about twenty-one years of age when his parents settled in Gage county, in 1858, nearly ten years prior to the admission of Nebraska to statehood, and it was given him not only to experience his full quota of the hardships and trials incidental to life on the frontier but also to do well his part in developing the fundamental resources of the county which continued to be his home until his death and in which he lived and labored to goodly ends.

Francis Marion Pethoud was bom at Ironton, Lawrence county, Ohio, July 7, 1837, a son of John Pethoud, a territorial pioneer whose name merits enduring place of honor on the pages of Gage county history and to whom a memoir is dedicated on other pages of this work. The subject of this review acquired his early education in the common schools of the old Buckeye state and came with his parents to the Territory of Nebraska at a time when this section was still on the frontier. In Gage county he entered claim soon afterward to a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres, in what is now Section 2, Midland township, and with characteristic energy he girded himself to the arduous work of reclaiming from the virgin prairie a productive farm. His first house was a snug but rude structure of sod and boards, and in this primitive domicile all of his children were born, the same having continued as the family home for a period of fifteen years. Mr. Pethoud met his full share of hardships through drought and grasshopper scourge in the early days but he was not to be discouraged and had prescience of the gracious returns that the soil of the county would ultimately yield. He applied himself with unremitting diligence, was prospered in his progressive activities as an agriculturist and stock-grower and at the time of his death he was the owner of a valuable landed estate of two hundred and forty acres, clear of all indebtedness and constituting one of the highly improved farm properties of Midland township. Mr. Pethoud was a productive worker and while always ready to do liis part in the support of measures and enterprises advanced for the general good of the community he was entirely free of ambition for political activity or public office of any order.

As a young man Mr. Pethoud married Miss Emily Maloney, who was bom in Stark county, Ohio, August 28, 1839, and she endured with him the vicissitudes of pioneer life, even as she enjoyed with him the prosperity of later years. After his death she remained on the old homestead until she too was summoned to the hfe eternal, - on the 12th of December, 1912. In the concluding paragraph of this memoir is given brief record concerning their children.

Fordyce Myron, who has remained a bachelor, remains on the old homestead, as also his bachelor brother, Darwin Connor, and their maiden sister, Clara B, presides over the domestic economies of as well ^s being the popular chatelaine of the home, the two brothers being actively associated in the management of the fine farm property and being representative exponents of agricultural and live-stock enterprise in their native county. Darwin C. Pethoud was the fourth in order of birth of the eight children. Charles F. the second child, lives upon and has control of forty acres of his father's estate, and is one of the prosperous farmers of his native township. He married Miss Stella Richardson, and they have three children, - Chester, Dwight and Percy. The eldest son, Chester, is married. Mary A. is the wife of Eli D. McCune, of Riverside, California. Florence E. is the wife of I. M. Hadley, of Lincoln,

Nebraska. Carrie and Clara are twins, the latter remaining with her brothers at the old home, as previously noted, and Carrie being the wife of August Guenther, a prosperous farmer in Riverside township. Martha died in early childhood.

ALFRED H. GRAY. - Since the year 1913 Mr. Gray has been general agent for the Bankers' Life Insurance Company, of Lincoln, Nebraska, with residence and official headquarters in the city of Beatrice, and in the extended territory assigned to his jurisdiction he has developed a large and representative business that marks him as one of the able insurance executives and underwriters of the state. The signal success that has attended his varied activities is the more pleasing to contemplate in view of the fact that from his youth he has depended entirely upon his own resources and has made advancement through his own ability and well directed endeavors.

A scion of a family whose name has been closely associated with pioneer life in various states of the west, Alfred H. Gray was born in Olmsted county, Minnesota, on the 22d of June, 1861, and he is a son of William and Malinda (Loehr) Gray, the former a native of Illinois, where he was born in the year 1828, and the latter of whom was bom in the state of Indiana, in 1840, their marriage having been solemnized in Iowa. Alfred Gray, grandfather of the subject of this review, was a native of Ohio and thence removed to Illinois, where he remained for a number of years. He then went with his family to Iowa, where he became a pioneer farmer, though he had previously followed the trade of cabinetmaker, and in the Hawkeye state he and his wife passed the remainder of their lives. James Loehr, maternal grandfather of him whose name initiates this sketch, was born in Pennsylvania, of staunch German lineage, and he likewise became one of the sterling pioneers of Iowa, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits and where he continued his residence until his death.

1860, when he removed to Minnesota and settled on a pioneer farm in Olmsted county. Later he became one of the virtual founders of the village of Eyota, that county, where he erected the first house and where he was engaged in the hotel business five years. He then removed with his family from the southeastern part of the state to the wilds of the southwestern section of that commonwealth. He entered a homestead claim and instituted the reclamation of a farm, his nearest neighbor at the time having resided at a point five miles distant and the nearest postoffice arid trading point being twenty-six miles distant. He remained on his embroyonic farm and gave -himself vigorously to aiding in the development and upbuilding of a new country, the construction of the railway eventually giving spur to the march of advancement. His wife, now venerable in years, maintains her home at Norton, Kansas. She was formerly a member of the Christian church but is now affiliated with the Church of Latter Day Saints,

Reared in a pioneer community in which educational advantages were notable more I particularly for their absence, Alfred H. Gray had but little opportunity to attend school and his education has been mainly that gained through self-discipline and through association with the practical affairs of life. As a boy he attended a select school for three months and aside from this he had practically no definite pedagogic instruction. An alert and receptive mind, however, refuses to recognize such handicaps and he has so profited by experience and service as to be a man of broad information and mature judgment. As a boy he gained fellowship v/ith hard work and he has never- since failed in appreciation of the dignity and value of honest toil. He assisted in the support of the family and his first independent work was initated when he obtained a position as railroad brsikeman. He followed this 'occupation ten years and then became a traveling salesman, a vocation which he followed successfully for a long term of years, - in fact, until he turned his attention to the insurance business.

In June, 1913, Mr. Gray established his residence in Beatrice and here became general agent of the Bankers' Life Insurance Company for the territory including Gage county and extending to Norton, Kansas and the southern tier of Nebraska counties as far to the west as Harlan county: He has shown marked finesse arid ability in the directing of the work of a large' number of agents and has made a splendid record as a successful and progressive exponent of the insurance business.

In politics Mr. Gray supports the Republican party cause in a general way but in local affairs he maintains an independent attitude and gives support to means and measures meetiflg the approval of his judgment, irrespective of partisan lines. He is affiliated with the local organizations of the Benevolent & Protective' Order of Elks, the Indef)endent Order of Odd Fellows, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Modern Woodmen of America and the Royal Neighb6rs;

On the 18th of December, 1884, Mr. Gray wedded Miss Clara Ross, who was bom at Red Cloud; Nebraska, her father, Henry Ross,, having been one of the pioneer settlers of Webster county, of which Red Cloud is the judicial center; he became one of the successful farmers of Webster county, where he also followed his trade of brick mason, and he is now a successful mason contractor at Campbell, Franklin county, this state. Mrs. Gray died' in 1901 leaving two sons, - John L., who is a. skilled- mechanic residing in Beatrice; and Alfred M., who is now serving in a machine-gun company of the Fifth regiment of the national army that is preparing to enter active service in the great European war. September 9. 1908, Mr. Gray wedded Fannie L. Grensman, of Cortland, Gage county, and they have twochildren, Robert H. and Thomas aged, in, 1918, four and six years respectively.

FRANK MEYER. - The southwest quarter of Section 35, Blakely township, constitutes the attractive and well improved homestead farm of Mr. Meyer, who has been a. resident of Gage county since he was a ladr of about twelve years and who is a representative of one of the sterhng pioneer families of this favored section of Nebraska. His landed estate includes also the northwest quarter of Section 11, Lincoln township, so that he has an aggregate of three hundred and twenty acres of the excellent land of Gage county and has full scope for his successful activities as an agriculturist and stock -grower.

Mr. Meyer was born in La Salle county, Illinois, on the 28th of December, 1860, and is a son of Joseph and Crescentia (Hiebeler) Meyer, both natives of Bavaria, Germany, where they were reared to adult age, their marriage having been solemnized in the state of Illinois. Joseph Meyer was born April 22, 1822, and in 1854 he came to America and established his residence in Illinois. After his marriage he continued his activities as a farmer in Effingham county, that state, until 1872, when he came with his family to Nebraska and rented a farm in Blakely township, west of Beatrice, the judicial center of Gage county. There he continued his operations as a renter until 1877, when he purchased the farm now owned by his son Frank, of this review. He made excellent improvements on this pioneer farm, erecting, good buildings, setting out trees, etc., and was an honored and influential factor in the community life, while he endured his full share of the adversity incidental to drought and grasshopper scourge in the early days. He served several years as a member of the school board of his district and gave with consistent liberality to the support of measures and enterprises advanced for the general welfare of the Community. It is interesting to record that he and his family made the journey from Illinois to Gage county with teams and two covered wagons of the type best known as prairie schooners, and six weeks were required in making the long overland trip. This honored pioneer passed to the life eternal in April, 1887, and his wife survived him by nearly thirty years. She was born in Bavaria, Germany, on the 14th of March, 1823, and came to the United States in 1856, establishing her home in Illinois, where her marriage occurred, as previously noted in this article. She passed the closing years of her life in the home of her oldest daughter, Mrs. Emil Lang of Beatrice, and was ninety-three years of age at the time of her death, in 1916. She was one of the revered and venerable pioneer women of the county. Both she and her husband were earnest members of the Catholic church. They became the parents of five children : Caroline is the wife of Emil Lang, of Beatrice, this county; Christena is the wife of John G. Hoefling, of Iron River, Wisconsin; the subject of this sketch was the next in order of birth ; John is a prosperous farmer of Lincoln township; and Mary is the wife of Philip Grafif, of whom individual mention is made on other pages of this volume.

Frank Meyer acquired his rudimentary education in the schools of his native state and as a boy of twelve years found the long overland trip to Nebraska an experience which afforded him much enjoyment. He assisted his father in the development of the home farm upon which he now resides and in the meanwhile he attended the local schools when opportunity offered. In 1888, the year after the death of his father, he purchased the old homestead iu association with his onl}' brother, John, and in 1890 he purchased also the latter's interest in the property, of which he has since been sole owner and upon which he has made extensive and well ordered improvements. In the autumn of 1906 he added to the area of his landed estate by purchasing a well improved farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Lin- C* coin township, and he gives to this also his close personal supervision. On this farm he has erected a large barn with modern facilities, as well as building corncribs and other minor farm buildings. He is .pohtically independent and he is serving in 1917-1918 as treasurer of school district No. 107. He is liberal and public-spirited as a citizen and is one of the substantial agriculturists and stockgrowers of the county, - a man who merits and receives the fullest measure of popular esteem. He and his family are communicants of the Catholic church, and he is actively affiliated with the Knights of Columbus;

On the 26th of April, 1892, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Meyer to Miss Marie Buriwal, who was born and reared in Austria, where she remained until 1888 when she came to the United States and established herself in the home of the Lang family, of Beatrice, Gage county, where she remained until the time of her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Meyer became the parents of eight children, of whom the firstborn is Irene ; the second child died in infancy; Aloysius is associated in the work, and management of the home farm and the other children likewise remain ' members of the gracious home circle, namely : Anna, Raymond, Hildegard, Helen and Clifford, the last two being twins.

HENRY HORNER. - Both through paternal heritage and pronounced personal appreciation Mr. Horner has been well equipped for the furtherance of the interests of musical art, and he has not only been successful as a teacher of music but has also been active in the sale of musical instruments and merchandise, in which field of enterprise he has been a leading representative in Gage county for the past thirty years, his well equipped music store being established in the city of Beatrice. He has exerted much influence in the gracious advancement of music in connection with the representative social life of Beatrice, has built up a prosperous business and has the securest (Vantage place in the esteem of the people of Gage county, the while he has always been generous in the application of his musical talent, which is of high order.

Mr. Horner was born in Bradford, England, on the 26th of October, 1852, and is a son of Edward and Ann (Ellis) Horner, who came to the United States when the subject of this review was a child of two years. The father, a man of fine musical ability and attainments, was for many years actively engaged in the teaching of the "divine art," and upon coming to America he first located at Galena, Illinois, whence he later removed to Morrison, that state, where he continued teaching, besides engaging in the sale of musical instruments, until his death, when he was sixty-nine years of age. His widow survived him and passed the closing period of her life at Beatrice, Nebraska, in the home of her son Henry, of this review, where she died when about seventyfive years of age.

To the public schools of lUinois Henry Horner is indebted for his early educational discipline and besides being reared in a home of distinctive musical atmosphere he received in his youth thorough training in instrumental music. In 1887 he came to Nebraska, and! here he has been continuously engaged in the sale of musical instruments, as well as in teaching music during the intervening period of thirty years. As a teacher he has given his attention principally to instruction in pianoforte music. In politics Mr. Hbrner gives his support to the Republican party and he has been for many years affiiliated with the Masonic fraternity. The maiden name of his wife was Anna Snyder and they became the parents of seven children, of whom five are living: Samuel is associated with an uncle in business in the city of Chicago; Walter, Edward and Archibald are actively identified with their father's business and are assisting materially in its successful prosecution; and' Grace is an efficient and popular teacher in the Waverly public schools : she is a graduate of the high school of Beatrice, and the University of Nebraska.

ANANIAS BREWSTER. - Nearly half a century has passed since Mr. Brewster, a young man of indomitable energy and ambition and one who had previously given loyal service as a youthful soldier of the Union in the Civil war, came to Nebraska and enrolled himself as a pioneer exponent of farm enterprise in Gage county. He has been dependent upon his own resources from his boyhood and thus he had no fear of the exactions and strenuous labors incidental to the reclaiming of a pioneer farm, the civic loyalty which he manifested having been consonant with his ambitious efforts to win for himself by worthy means the independence and prosperity, that were his due. With the fleeting years success attended his well ordered endeavors as an agri- culturist and stock-grower and he long held prestige as one of the prominent and influential representatives of these basic lines of industry in Gage county. He has passed the psalmist's span of three score years and ten and now lives in gracious retirement in the city of Beatrice.

Mr. Brewster is a scion of the staunchest of American ancestry, as may well be appreciated when it is stated that he is a lineal descendant of Elder William Brewster, who was one of the Puritans who came from England to America on the first voyage of the historic ship "Mayflower" and founded the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, the family name having been worthily linked with the annals of American history during all succeeding generations. He whose name introduces this article was born in Oneida county. New York, on the 14th of February, 1847, and in Otsego county, that state, were born his parents, John and Elizabeth (Wilbur) Brewster, representatives of honored pioneer families of that section of the old Empire commonwealth. The father of Mr. Brewster was a farmer and miller by vocation and died in Oneida county. New York, when the subject of this review was a lad of eleven years, the devoted mother surviving by a number of years.

Ananias Brewster, the youngest in a family of ten children, gained but little scholastic training in his youth, the death of his father making it necessary for him to depend mainly upon his own resources several years prior to attaining to adult age. He worked at whatever occupation he could obtain and continued to attend school at rare intervals until after the outbreak of the Civil war, and prior to his seventeenth birthday anniversary he manifested his intrinsic patriotism by tendering his services in defense of the Union. In August, 1864, he enlisted as a private in Company L, Fifteenth New York Volunteer Infantry, and with this gallant command he continued in service until the close of the war. He participated in a number of important engagements, including the siege and battle of Petersburg, and after receiving his honorable discharge he returned to his native state and

In 1869, at the age of twenty-two years, this youthful veteran of the Civil war came to the west, and after passing one year in Will county, Illinois, he came, in the spring of 1870, to Gage county, Nebraska, where he purchased one hundred and twenty acres of prairie land, about three miles east of Beatrice. In 1872 he entered claim to a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres of state land near the village of Clatonia, and upon this place he continued his residence eight years, in the meanwhile having made good improvements on the same. After selling this property he purchased a farm eight miles east of Beatrice, wheire he continued his progressive activities as a farmer and stock-grower for the ensuing twenty years, within which he developed the place into one of the well improved farms of the county. He finally sold this farm, but after residing four years in Beatrice he bought another farm, in Rockford and Riverside townships, where he remained until 1916, when he retired from active labors and established his residence in the city of Beatrice. Here he has an attractive home in which he and his wife delight to extend welcome and hospitality to their many friends. Both are active members of the Methodist Episcopal church and he is a Democrat in his political faith and adherency. While residing on his farm in Logan township he served a number of terms as township treasurer, as well as a member of the school board of his district. During his former period of residence in Beatrice he here served for a time as a member of the board of education. He maintains deep interest in his old comrades of the Civil war and manifests the same by his affliliation with Rawlins Post, No. 35, Grand Army of the Republic, in his home city. Mr. Brewster is a man of strong mentality and has kept himself well informed on the questions and issues of the day, so that he is well fortified in his opinions and convictions. He reads much and with discrimination and takes vital interest in all things pertaining to the nation's participation

January 3, 1872, Mr. Brewster wedded Miss Elvira Tanner, a member of a well known Gage county family that is given recognition on other pages of this publication, and concerning the children of this union the following brief record is offered : Frank is engaged in the practice of his profession at Beaver City, as one of the representative physicians and surgeons of Furnas county ; Elizabeth, who likewise was graduated in a school of medicine, is the wife of Edward Eamb, a prominent attorney, of Beaver City ; Captain Charles Lee, who w'as graduated in the law department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and who is junior member of the law firm of Sackett & Brewster, of Beatrice, gave gallant service in the Philippine Islands as a soldier of the Spanish-American war, and he received a severe wound in one of his feet : he is now captain of Company C, of Beatrice, which has entered the national army for service in the European war and is with his company in the cantonment at Camp Cody, New Mexico, at the time of this writing, in the spring of 1918; Rose is the wife of Edward Thomas, president of a college at Alberta, Canada; Imogene is the wife of Edward Rutlege and they reside in the state of New Mexico; Frederick is a dentist by profession and is engaged in practice at Aspen, Colorado ; Beulah is a successful teacher of domestic science in a college at Malbur, Iowa; and Lulu, who remains at the parental home, was a member of the class of 1913 in the Beatrice high school.

WILLIAM TOWNSEND. - The late William Townsend merits a tribute of honor in this history by reason of his having been a sterling pioneer of Gage county and a citizen of prominence and influence in Hanover township, where he reclaimed and improved a fine farm property and where the little hamlet of Townsend was named in his honor, he having been appointed postmaster in the community in 1874 and the postofHce having been established in his home, the locality thus being given his name, even aS' was the postoffice.

Mr. Townsend -^as born in Delaware county. New York, February 1, 1829, a son of Moorehouse and Anna (Johnson). Townsend, the former a native of Connecticut and the latter of the old Empire state, where their marriage was solemnized. Moorehouse Townsend was twelve years old at the time of the family removal to the state of New York, and after leaving school he followed a seafaring life until he was about thirty years old, when he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. In 1864 he removed with his family to LaSalle county, Illinois, where he remained until 1870, when he became one of the pioneer settlers of Gage county, Nebraska. He passed the remainder of his hfe on his farm, in Hanover township, where his death occurred in 1878, his widow having survived him by a number of years and having been of venerable age at the time of her demise. They were survived by four children - William, subject of this memoir; Eunice, who became the wife of Daniel Griffin; Caroline, who became the wife of William Barrett; and Wallace, who was a resident of Beatrice at the time of his death.

William Townsend was reared under the invigorating discipline of his father's farm and gained his early education in the common schools; In Bradford county, Pennsylvania, on the- 24th of November, 1851, he married Miss Marian Denton, who likewise was born, in Delaware county. New York. In 1866 Mr. Townsend removed with his family to La- Salle county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming on rented land. In 1870 he came to Gage county, Nebraska, and purchased one hundred, and sixty acres of unbroken prairie land in Hanover township, for which property he paid seven dollars an acre. He reclaimed and developed in this township a valuable farm estate of three hundred acres, and here he continued his residence until 1892, when he removed to Nuckolls county, his death having* there occurred on the 6th of February, 1895. The wife of his young manhood was called to the life eternal on the 11th of March, 1874, and of the eight children of this union five are living: Robert resides at Fort Morgan, Colorado ; Duane is a resident of Ranier, Oregon ; Mrs. Emma Cox maintains her home in Beatrice, as does also John, who was the next in order of birth ; and Mary is the wife of Theodore Bohnstedt, of whom individual mention is made on other pages of this volume. In 1876 Mr. Townsend married Mrs. Mary- Jane (Shearer) Post, a native of Pennsylvania, and they became the parents of one child, Cora Belle.

Mr. Townsend was a Republican in politics and in addition to having served several years as postmaster at Townsend, he also gave equally efifective administration in the office of justice of the peace. He was a lifelong and zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal church and his life was ordered in consonance with the faith which he thus professed.

BERNARD E. DRUMMOND. - The city of Beatrice is favored in claiming as its own an institution that is not only a virtual public utility but is also one of thoroughly metropolitan facilities, - the Kimball Laundry, of which Mr. Drummond is one of the proprietors. This laundry is operated with equipment of the most modern type throughout and the large and representative patronage accorded to it gives evidence of the high popular estimate placed upon its service. Mr; Drummond and R. G. Weston purchased the plant and business of this well .ordered steam laundry in January, 1914, and their careful and progressive business policies have inured greatly to the success of the enterprise, the laundry having been established more than a quarter of a century ago and having maintained a high reputation prior to passing into possession of the present proprietors, who have effectively enhanced its reputation for the best grade of service. In connection with the operations of the Kimball laundry is retained a working force of six men and eighteen young women, each skilled in the work assigned.

Michael L,. and Catherine (Mehan) Drummond, who were pioneer settlers of that county, where the father entered a homestead claim and developed a good farm; he is now living practically retired and he and his wife maintain their home in the city of Beatrice, they having come to Gage county when their son Bernard E. was a child. He whose name initiates this review acquired his youthful education in the schools of this county and at the age of nineteen years he entered upon an apprenticeship to the trade of iron-moulder. As an expert workman at his trade he was employed five years in the works of the Dempster Manufacturing Company, at Beatrice, and thereafter he was for twelve years successfully engaged in the cigar and tobacco business in Beatrice, his retirement from this business having occurred when, in 1914, he and his present associate purchased the plant and business of the Kimball Laundry, to which he has since given his undivided attention. He is a Republican in his political proclivities, is one of the loyal and popular members of the Beatrice Commercial Club, and is affliliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks.

In 1903 was recorded the marriage of Mr. Drummond to Miss Lena R. Bush, daughter of the late Judge James Bush, and the one child of this union is a fine little son, Charles Bernard, who was born February 12, 1915.

JAMES K. CULLEN. - Among the early settlers in Gage county was James CuUen, a man who came west in search of a home where land could be purchased more cheaply, and where the opportunities were greater than in the state of Illinois where he had been a farmer for many years. He was moved also by an earnest desire to establish his home in a community in which he should not be denied the full advantages of and fellowship in the church of which he was an earnest adherent.

Mr. Cullen was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, and when a young man he moved to Woodford county, Illinois, where he was engaged in farming for many years. Mr. Cullen was united in marriage to Miss Christina

Harshbarger, also a native of Rockingham county, Virginia. In 1885 Mr. Cullen came with his family to Gage county, Nebraska, and located in Rockford township, where he purchased eighty acres of land, partly improved. He was very successful, and at the time of his death he was the owner of two hundred acres in Rockford township. Mr. Cullen passed away at the age of seventy-two years and his wife followed him to the life eternal three years later, at the age of seventy-four years. Mr. and Mrs. Cullen were members of the Church of the Brethren, were good Christian people and were very highly respected by all who knew them. They were the parents of ten children, all of whom are living: Sarah is the wife of Perry Van Dyke, of Newburg, Oregon; John, who for many years was a successful farmer in Sherman township, is now living in Kansas ; Mary is the wife of J. C. Dell, of Gage county ; James resides in Rockford township; William is a resident of Newburg, Oregon ; Augusta is the wife of Ulysses G. McPheron, of Sherman township; H). D. is a farmer in Rockford township ; Naomi is the wife of J. S. Dell, of Rockford township ; and Clarence and Otis are at Newburg, Oregon.

CLARENCE W. GALE. - The most modern and metropolitan of facilities and service are represented in the attractively appointed ' photographic studio of Mr. Gale, in the city of Beatrice, and the large and representative supporting patronage accorded to him indicates the high popular estimate placed upon him and on the work issued from his establishment. He is a native son of Gage county and has won place as a leading exponent of high-class photographic portraiture in this section of Nebraska.

Mr. Gale was born on a farm in Adams township, this county, and the date of his nativity was July 12, 1887. He is a son of Charles and Aldula (Garrison) Gale, the former a native of Wisconsin and the latter of Iowa, both having been young .folk at the time of the removal of the respective families to Nebraska, about the year 1865, prior to the admission of the state to the Union. George Gale, paternal grandfather of the subject of this review, was born and reared in Wisconsin, where his parents settled in the early pioneer days, and upon coming to Nebraska Territory he numbered himself among the early exponents of agricultural industry in Gage county, where he and his wife passed the residue of their lives, as did also the maternal grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Omer Garrison, who came to the territory about the same time» Mr. Garrison having been another of the sterling pioneer farmers of Gage county, and having been a native of the state of Pennsylvania. Charles Gale continued his active association with farm enterprise in this county until shortly after the birth of his son Clarence W., of this sketch, and in the meanwhile he made also an excellent record as a successful and popular teacher in the public schools of the county. Upon leaving the farm he removed with his family to Beatice, and here he became secretary of the State Building & Loan Association, an office of which he continued the incumbent until 1916. Thereafter he here lived retired until his death, which occured October 25, 1917. He was a staunch Republican in' politics and was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church, as is also his widow. Of their children the subject of this review is the eldest; Laura is an efficient and popular teacher in the Beatrice high school; Robert is engaged in the photographic business at York, judicial center of the Nebraska county of the same name ; Marie and Dorothy remain with their widowed mother. Dorothy is a valued assistant in the photographic studio of her elder brother.

In the public schools of Beatrice Clarence W. Gale continued his studies until he had completed the curriculum of the high school, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1904. He then devoted himself with characteristic vigor and earnestness to acquiring thorough knowledge of all scientific and art details of modern photography, and he has been independently engaged in business as a leading photographist in Beatrice since 1906. He is aligned as a staunch supporter of the cause of the Republican party but has manifested no ambition for poHtical activity or official preferment. He and his wife are popular factors in the social activities of their home city and have a wide circle of friends in Gage county.

The year 1909 recorded the marriage of Mr. Gale to Miss Gladys Majors, who was born at Peru, Nemaha county, this state, and who is a daughter of Hon. Thomas J. and Isabelle (Bushong) Majors. Her father served as colonel of a Union regiment during "the period of the Civil war, he having been born in Kentucky and having become a pioneer of Nebraska Territory prior to the war. He has been one of the representative farmers and most influential and honored citizens of Nemaha county for many years and is now living virtually retired in the village of Peru. Colonel Majors has been specially prominent in political affairs in Nebraska, has served as a member of the state senate and a few years ago he was the Republican candidate for governor of the state, his defeat being the result of normal political exigencies. Mr. and Mrs. Gale are active members of the Methodist Episcopal church and the attractive family home is brightened by the presence of their two children, - Francis and Doris.

ALEX L. ANDERSON: - In the city of Beatrice Mr. Anderson is a successful representative of a line of enterprise that has important bearing upon the civic and material advancement of every community, as he is here established in the real-estate business, in which his operations have become widely disseminated through Nebraska and other states of the west. Thorough knowledge of realty values, progressive methods and fair and honorable dealings have gained to him unqualified fKDpular confidence and enabled him to build up a business of substantial and prosperous order, the while he is known as one of the loyal and public-spirited citizens of Gage county and its capital city.

Anderson, was a farmer by vocation. Mr. Anderson was born in Sweden, on the 29th of March, 1859, and in 1881, soon after attaining to his legal majority, he came to the United States, relying entirely upon his own resources in establishing himself in the land of his adoption and in here winning his way to the plane of prosperity and independence. For six months after his arrival he was employed on a dairy farm in Connecticut, and he then made his way to Wisconsin, where he found remunerative employment at his trade, that of blacksmith. A few months later he again yielded to the wanderlust, by coming to Nebraska, and after having worked about two years at his trade in the city of Lincoln he came, in 1884, to Beatrice, where he established himself in. the work of his trade. He eventually developed a substantial independent business as a blacksmith and with this sturdy line of industrial enterprise he continued his active association until 1907, since which year he has given his time and attention to the real-estate business, as previously noted in, this context. As a loyal and appreciative citizen he has taken active intferest in political affairs, though never an aspirant for public office, and he is found aligned as a stalwart supporter of the principles of the Democratic party. He and his family are communicants of the Lutheran church and he is affiliated with the Fraternal Aid Union and the Modern Woodmen of America.

In 1884 Mr. Anderson wedded Miss Lottie Berg, who likewise is a native of Sweden, and they have two daughters, - Minnie Ruth, who completed a course in the Beatrice high school and who is now a successful and popular teacher; and Clara, who is a skilled stenographer and who holds as such a position in the city of Omaha.

WILLIAM L. OZMAN. - The honored pioneer of Gage county whose name initiates this paragraph has passed recently the eightieth milestone on the journey of life and though in his experience he has endured to the full the "heat and burden of the day" and made his activities count in worthy productiveness, the years rest lightly upon him and he has the mental and physical vigor commonly accredited only to a man many years his junior. Since 1910 he has lived practically retired in the city of Beatrice, and aside from the distinction that is his as one of the early settlers of Gage county there must ever attach to his name the high honor of having given valiant service as a loyal soldier of the Union in the Civil war.