Massachusetts Spy and Worcester Advertiser, 1823-09-10

potentates of the mechanical world should be displaced from their thrones; that their strong bolds should be dis dismantled, - mantled, dismantled, their palaces demolished, and their whole affairs placed under a more economical management - is somewhat startling to those who dread change, and admire institutions that both work and wear well. Mr. Perkins, however, has saved them from such a degrada degradation. - tion. degradation. He has allowed them to retain all their honors and privileges, and proposes only to invigorate them with fresh influence and power. " In this new system, the old engines, -with, their boilers are retained unaltered. The lurnaces are alone removed. Mr. Porkins LOllstiuctaa generator, consist consisting - ing consisting of three horizontal tubes of gun gunmetal, - metal, gunmetal, connected together, filled with water, and supplied with water from a forcing pump, as in his own engine. - This generator is exposed to heat in an analogous manner, so that by means of a loaded valve, which opens and shuts, the red hot fluid may be constrained till forced out of the generator into the water, in ihe boilers of Bolton and Watt. By this means, as much low pressure steam of four pounds on the square inch, may be generated by one bushel of coals, as could be produced in the old engine by nine bushels. This most important result was obtained by actual experi experiment. - ment. experiment. "Since these great improvements have been effected, Mr. Perkins has made a discovery that seems, in its prac practical - tical practical importance, to surpass them all. - He now entirely dispenses with the use of the condenser, and works the engine against the atmosphere alone ; and by methods with which we are not acquaint acquainted, - ed, acquainted, and which indeed it would not be prudent for biin to disclose at present, he is enabled to arrest the heat after it has performed its mechanical functions, and actually pump it back to the genera generator, - tor, generator, to unite with a freshr portion of wa water, - ter, water, and renew its useful labors. In an operation like this, a considerable por portion - tion portion of the heat must still be lost ; but the wonder is that any should be saved : And we venture to say, that the most san sanguine - guine sanguine speculator on the omnipotence of the steam engine, never dared even to imagine the possibility of such an in invention. - vention. invention. " We are well aware that in announc announcing - ing announcing this discovery,-we are exposing our ourselves - selves ourselves to the criticisms of those whose belief is naturally limited by their own experience; but it is satisfactory to know that Capt. Basil Hall, (whose account of Mr. Perkins's discoveries and inventions, delivered before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, gave such universal satisfac satisfaction,) - tion,) satisfaction,) has been entrusted with Mr. Per Perkins's - kins's Perkins's discovery, and that he speaks con confidently - fidently confidently of the soundness of its princi principles, - ples, principles, as well as the practicability of its application. " After the 10th of June, Mr. Perkins is ready to take orders for his new en engines, - gines, engines, and for his apparatus for produc producing - ing producing low pressure steam for working the ordinary engines. The price, we be believe, - lieve, believe, of the new engine, is only half of that of Bolton and Watt's, with one third of the savings of fuel for a period of years, which we have not heard stated." METHOD OF PRESERVING PREPARATIONS. Mr. W. Cooke, of London, has found that all preparations of animal bodies may be preserved by a solution of mu muriate - riate muriate of soda, or common salt. He finds that if used a little below saturation, it will preserve animal substances for an indefinite period, at all the temperatures of our atmosphere. - Trans, of the So Society - ciety Society of Arts, vol. xxxvii. p 53. MATRIX OF THE BRAZILIAN DIAMOND. In Mr. Heu land's splendid collection, there is a Brazilian Diamond, imbedded in brown iron ore; another, also in brown iron ore, in tb.e possession of M. Schuch, Librarian to the Crown Prin Princess - cess Princess of Portugal) and Echwege has in his own cabinet a mass of brown iron ore, in which there is a diamond in a drusy cavity of a green mineral, con conjectured - jectured conjectured to be arseniate of iron. From these facts, he infers, that the matrix or original repository, of the diamond of Brazil, is brown iron ore, which occurs in beds of slaty quartzose micaceous iron ore, or in beds composed of iron glance and magnetic iron ore, named by him Itabirite, both of which are subor subordinate - dinate subordinate to what h 6 considers as primitive clay slate. GALVANIC APPARATUS. A new and powerful apparatus lias been constructed at the London Institu Institution, - tion, Institution, by the ingenious W. 11. Pepys, Esq. It consists of a single sheet of copper, and one of zinc, each 50 feet long and 2 feet broad. They are wound round a wooden centre, and kept a part by piec pieces - es pieces of interposed hair lines. The coil and its counterpoise are suspended by a rope over a tub of dilute acid. When lowered into the tub, its electricity is so low as not to affect the electrome electrometer - ter electrometer ; even a bit of charcoal serves to

insulate it, and it can hardly ignite an inch of platinum wire of one thirtieth of an inch diameter ; but when the poles are connected by a copper wire of 1-8 inch diameter and 8 inches long, it be becomes - comes becomes hot, is most powerfully magnet magnetic, - ic, magnetic, and admirably adapted for all electro electromagnetic - magnetic electromagnetic experiments. KEEPING HORSES. Every gentleman, who is obliged by his health or his business to keep a horse, complains of the enormous ex expense - pense expense incurred by it. If allowed to eat and waste as much as he chooses, a horse will consume from four to five tons of hay in a year, besides the .necessary grain. But it is asserted, from actual experiment, that ten pounds of good hay, with two quarts of corn a day, are enough to keep a common horse in fine order. - Ten pounds of hay a day are 3650 pounds, little more than a ton and a halt, a year - and two quarts of corn per day, are about 23 bushels a year. Call hay seven dollars a ton, and corn four shillings a bushel, and you make the annual expense of keeping a horse twenty-six or seven dollars, about half as much as it commonly costs. To keep a horse in the cheapest manner, let him stand on green turf, dug up pretty thick, and placed, on the floor of his stable - let him be carefully and faithfully curried every day. This is of more importance than is sometimei imagined. It opens the pores, and pre! serves a healthful state of the skin, or which, in horses, as in men, depends, at much as on almost any thing else, the proper and healthy operation of the va various - rious various animal functions. Although the inferior animals are not, like men, subject to unnatural appetites, on account of unnatural stimulants re received - ceived received into the stomach, they unques unquestionably - tionably unquestionably often consume more food (han is necessary to maifftain their vigour and spirit. This surplus it is economy to ascertain and retrench. Corn is cheaper than oats for horses, because there is more heart in a quanti quantity - ty quantity of the same price. It is better to be given two or three times a day in small messes - and to be given dry, that the mastication of it may keep the mouth i& a healthy-state. To measure hay, the tare of a basket may be taken, and the hay given from it in small quantities through the day, but chiefly at night. A horse that is not used, should be fed with corn but sparingly, it should be occasionally salted. It is not perhaps generally considered, that horses are subject to colds and fe fevers, - vers, fevers, as really as men. They should therefore be used with great tenderness and delicacy, and often washed in cold water. The pulse generally indicates the health ot a horse. It may be felt about an inch back of the eye, and in health beats about 35 strokes a minute. The great secret in making horses look well and do well, is attention to them. Men who are above looking to their horses, will seldom ride good ones. In using horses, it is better to drive briskly and stop often, than to drive even slowly by long stages. Dartmouth (N. II.) Herald. New Species of Cherry. - There have been brought to our market, for a few years past, fine flavoured cherries, of a sort which we believe to be different in many respects from any fruit of this de description - scription description which we recollect to have seen. It is of a bright yellow colour, tinged with carnation ; has a firm flesh, and is not perfectly ripe until about the first of September. - The original tree, we understand, was raised from a stone planted about 20 years since, by Caleb Remington, of Johnston. This tree is in full bearing when all other kinds of cherries are past their season. - lt well deserves the attention of nursery-men of the United States, as affording a dish of fine cherries to the desert of autum autumnal - nal autumnal fruits. Providence Gaz. The Crops. - ln Virginia and Mary Maryland, - land, Maryland, the recent crops have been un unusually - usually unusually abundant - and thanks to a be beneficent - neficent beneficent Providence, the growing one promises to be peculiarly so. At Rich Richmond, - mond, Richmond, on the 26th ult. corn, which a fortnight previous was selling at $3 a barrel, had fallen to $1,90 a 2 - meal was 75 cents a bushel, and a strong probability of its being still lower. The rains of the present month have had the happiest effect,and brightened the pros prospects - pects prospects of the planter. To the south, finer crops of corn have seldom been seen. In the two Carolinas, Georgia and Alabama, the earth is loaded with her productions. Corn sells for 25 and 30 cents a bushel, in Georgia. In Maryland the crops have been unusual unusually - ly unusually prolific. Rye, oats, flax,'hay, wheat and com bid fair to exceed the most sanguine expectations of the farmers in many parts of our state. While con-

anU Sciences. The Providence American, contains a let letter - ter letter signed "James Scott," in which the wri writer - ter writer claims to be the inventor of a Steam En Engine, - gine, Engine, the same in principle, with Verkins's, though of* a somewhat different construction. His first experiment was made several years Mhce«t and with but little fuel answered his most sanguine expectations. As none of the fluid is lost, he proposes the use of ether, or spirits instead of water. " These fluids exert a given force with comparatively small expense of heat - an object of prime importance ; for in proportion as the requisite heal is lessened, the weight and size of the boiler and furnace may be diminished, as well as the cost, weight and storage of fuel. " It will very naturally be asked why 1 have not further prosecuted this valua valuable - ble valuable discovery - The answer is, that the person then engaged with me in the undertaking, and those with whom 1 have since been connected in the same pursuit, were not sufliciently sanguine of ultimate success; and my limited means would not allow of taking the responsibility wholly on myself. I therefore deferred my experiments, with the avowed intention of resuming them, when my circumstances would permit. " I have by me a more detailed account of the invention, in an article prepared for the American Journal of Science; and design soon to address a letter on the subject to Mr. Perkins." FROM THE NATIONAL GAZETTE. Dr. Brewster's Edinburgh Philosophical Journal contains a particular description oi Mr. Perkins's new Steam Engine, together with some general statements which we think it well to copy at once, on account of the spfccirf interest which-the s«hjecL has for eve. ry American, and the high authority of the source from which they proceed. " There never has been in our day an invention which has created such a sensation in the scientific and in the man manufacturing - ufacturing manufacturing world. The steam engine of Mr. Watt bad been so long considered as the greatest triumph of art and sci science, - ence, science, that it was deemed a sort of here heresy - sy heresy to regard it as capable of improve improvement - ment improvement ; and notwithstanding ail that has been done by Mr. Wooifl', and other eminent engineers, the undoubted mer merit - it merit of their engines has scarcely yet been admitted by the public. Under such cir circumstances, - cumstances, circumstances, Mr. Perkins's claims were likely to meet with various kinds of op opposition. - position. opposition. Instead of hailing it as an in invention - vention invention which was to do honor to the age in which we live, and to add a new and powerful arm to British industry, imperfect experiments and confined views were urged against the principle of its construction, the jealousies of ri rival - val rival traders wete arrayed-against it, im imaginary - aginary imaginary apprehensions of danger were excited, and short-sighted politicians sounded the alarm, that such an inven invention - tion invention would precipitate our country from its lofty pre-eminence among the manu manufacturing - facturing manufacturing nations of the world. " Most of these grounds of opposi opposition - tion opposition have been now removed by direct experiment. Mr. Perkins's engine is actually at work. Its operations have been witnessed and minutely examined by engineers and philosophers of all kinds; and the most unreasonable scep sceptics - tics sceptics have been compelled to acknow acknowledge - ledge acknowledge the justness of its principles, as well as the energy of its operation. - The active and inventive mind of Mr. Perkins, however, did not remain satis satisfied - fied satisfied with this experiment. He has dis discovered - covered discovered a method, which we consider equal in value to his new engine, by which he can convey the benefit of his original principle to steam engines of the old construction ; and this has re recently - cently recently been succeeded, we are told, by a most extraordinary discovery, that the same heat may be made to perform its part more than once, in the active ope operations - rations operations of the engine. "Great as the invention is, yet we are disposed to think that the applica application - tion application of the principle to old steam en engines - gines engines is not less important. When we consider the enormous capital which is at present embodied in Great Britain in the substantial form of steam engines, and the admirable elegance and skill with which these noble machines impel and regulate the vast population of wheels and pinions over which they reign, we feel as if some vast innova innovation - tion innovation were proposed upon our established usages, by the introduction of Mr. Per Perkins's - kins's Perkins's engine. The very idea that these

returned to Hadley. Derfieid and Norfhucld were now much exposed to the fury of the enemy, who in considerable numbers lay in the neighboring wood?. On the first of September, 1675, they fell upon the former place, killed one man and reduced several houses to ashes. Two or three days after, nine or ten people were killed in the woods at Northfield ; others esca escaped - ped escaped to the garrisoned house. Tim day sub subsequent - sequent subsequent to this disaster, and heloie it was known at Hadley, capt. Beers with 36 moun mounted - ted mounted infantry, whs detached by Maj. Treat, commanding at that post, to convey provisions to the garrison and people at Northfield. Beers route led through the present towns of Sugdejdand, Montague, and the track called Ervin's Grant, then a continued forest, through which was an imperfect road, the distance, nearly thirty miles; and though continually exposed to attacks, he passed several difficult places, and among others, Miller's river, with without - out without seeing an Indian. Dismounting and leav leaving - ing leaving the horses, the march was continued on foot, and was necessarily retarded by an ac accompanying - companying accompanying baggage-wagon. At the dis distance - tance distance of about two miles from the garrison at Northfield, the route lay over a deep swampy ravine, through which ran a considerable considerablebrook, - brook, considerablebrook, emptying into Connecticut river. For some distance the ravine extended along the right of the route, and at the place where it was to be passed it made a short turn to the left, continuing directly to the river. Discovering Beers' approach, a large body of Indians, for formed - med formed an ambuscade at this place, and lay ready to attack his front and right. Without discovering the snare, Beers arrived at the point, and received the fire of the Indians from the margin of the ravine on his right. A considerable proportion of the party fell on . the spot; the remainder instantly broke, and in scattered order, retreated over a piece of Ie vet ground, closely followed by the Indians. - Beers with a few of his men gained an ab abrupt - rupt abrupt bill, about three fourths of a mile in the rear, where they bravely maintained their ground sometime, against an overwhelming force ; but at length, Beers received a fatal shot, and the suivivors were compelled to retire from the ground. Out of the thirty-six, only sixteen escaped back to Hadley, leav leaving - ing leaving the baggage and wounded in the hands of the- enemy. Two hays after this disaster, Major Treat with one hundred men arrived on the ground, where H ers' was defeated, and witnessed the horrid barbarity of the Indians. Several of the slain were decapitated and their hrads elevated on polos near the road ; one man was found suspended to the limb of a tree, by a chain chainho<'ked - ho<'ked chainho<'ked to his under jaw, probably while alive; and the whole scene was appalling. Pursuing his march to the town, the Major found the garrison safe, and brought them off with th»- inhabitants. On his return, he met Capt. Appleton with an additional force from Had Hadley, - ley, Hadley, wh? was urgent to advance up the river

tcmplrfing these cheering agricultural prospers, our hearts dilate with grati gratitude, - tude, gratitude, to the " Giver of every good and perfectgift;" Baltimore Fed. Rep. FROM HE franklin herald, published , AT GREENFIELD. < Without confining myself to chronological ordeal now present you a few details of In Indian - dian Indian operations in this part of the country, in the preceding the exploit of the English at Hr Falls. ! Tie first attack on the English by Philip's Joreq, was at, Swanzey, in Plymouth Colony, Juns, 1675 11ms the government of Plym Plymouth - outh Plymouth and MSsSachuietts, oidered several com com'paries - 'paries com'paries of men to that quarter to act offensive offensively - ly offensively against the Indians. After several skir skirmvhes - mvhes skirmvhes with various success, Philip was hem hemmid - mid hemmid in upon a point of land called Pocasset nek, about eighteen miles below Taunton, whence, by an artful manoeuvre, he eluded the English, and made his escape with a consid consid«rable - «rable consid«rable body of his Indians to the Nipmuck sountry, now the southern point of the coun coun.y - .y coun.y of Worcester. Finding that the Indians towards Connecticut river were disposed, to join Philip, troops were immediate!} forward forwarded - ed forwarded that quarter, now Bro<ddkdd, had been settled by the English, and a house fortified at that place ; this w..s aflacKed by a large body of Philip's forces, and Favely defended, and at length relieve by aoody ot troops under .Maj. W All the other houses in the place were burned by the enemy. Soon after this disaster, several companies arrived at Erookfield, and the woods were so effectually scoured, that Philip retired further up the country, and joined the Epcomtuck and Squakeag Indians, on Con Connecticut - necticut Connecticut river.

Previous to this time, Deerfield or Poconi Poconituck, - tuck, Poconituck, had been granted to a company of asso associates - ciates associates iu and considerable settle settlements - ments settlements had been made as early as 1671 ; a tnvuship had also been granted at Squakeag, b'John- Pynchon of Springfield and his asso assoddtes, - ddtes, assoddtes, by the name of Northfield. - The town township - ship township was laid out on each side oi the river ; Ind in-1673 several families from Northamp Northampoh; - oh; Northampoh; Hadley, and Hatfield, seated themselves it that place, and built a temporary work for their protection. Net long alter the destruction of Brookfield, the governments of Massachusetts and Con- sent troops io the tipper towns on Con Connecticut - necticut Connecticut river, and garrisons were posted at Northampton, Hatfield, Deerfield, and North Northfield - field Northfield ; bat the main force was encamped at Ifadley, where a peninsula, formed by a short turn of the river, afforded a defensible position against the attacks of the enemy. At # thw time the Hadley Indians, who had not joined Philip, occupied a small rude tort about a luilo übove Hatfield, and as they in dicated a disposition to abandon it and join the enemy, the English determined to obtain possession tis their arms. Apprised of the de design; - sign; design; the Indians fled up the river in the night towards Deertiehi; captain Lathrop and Beers, with their companies commenced a pursuit early the next morning, and came up with them in a swamp, a little south of Sugar loaj hill, opposite to the present town of Sunder Sunderland, - land, Sunderland, and a severe skirmish ensued; ten ot the English and twenty-six ol the Indians fell in the affair. The remainder ol the tugitives fled and joined Philip, und Lathrop and Beers

AMERICAN EADIES. The following brief, bnt merited en encomium - comium encomium on the talents of the American ladies is published in the Philadelphia Saturday Evening Gazette, ex acted from a letter written by a dish guished English gentleman at Jerusalem to bis friend in Philadelphia. " I now address you from the holy city, from Jerusalem ; that town which I have so often heard you say you bad such a desire to visit; and when wandering in its slovenly streets, and amongst its ruin ruinous - ous ruinous sepulchres, I miss my pleasant com companion - panion companion at Paris. I have, however, bad the satisfaction of meeting with some cotintrvmen of yours, viz. a gentleman, lady, and suit from Tunis. They are the most interesting people I have ever met with: in consequence, I have form formed - ed formed a strict intimacy with them. The lady speaks the Turkish language flu fluently, - ently, fluently, and has translated several hooks into English, one of which I have read in manuscript ; it reflects the highest credit on her. I have been much bene benefited - fited benefited in my literary researches by her wonderful talents and profound knowl knowledge. - edge. knowledge. 1 can see you are laughing at my enthusiasm, as you have so often beard me speak contemptuously of fe female - male female talents 1 must confess it has re remained - mained remained for an American lady, in a re remote - mote remote part of the world, to render me ashamed ot my former opinions, In Indeed, - deed, Indeed, I remain still under the impres impression - sion impression that the females of Europe are not gifted with the same strenglh of intel intellect - lect intellect as the males. Von Americans ,;re of another growth, and 1 fancy that the order is reversed, and (he laic® have the advantage over their countrymen,"

" 1 remember, even as a grey-headed man remembers, clearly and more dis distinctly - tinctly distinctly than the things of yesterday, that which happened long ago. I Lgniember, when I was about tour years of age, how I learned to spell, and was sent daily in -«he servanik hand Io a little day school, lo fight my way, (amidst a score of ur urchins) - chins) urchins) through the perils of the alpha alphabet. - bet. alphabet. 1 had no ambition then, no hatred, no uncharitableness. I Rad no organs for such things. Well, when my fifth year was running into my sixth year, I was busied with parables and scripture history, (the only food which nourished my iniant mind.) I was much noticed by a young person - a female. I was at that time living with an old relation in H shire, and I still preserve the re recollection - collection recollection of Miss R's tender condescen condescension - sion condescension towards me. She was a pretty deli delicate - cate delicate girl, and very amiable ; anil I be became - came became (yes, it is true, for I remember the strong feelings of the time) enamoured ol her. My love had the fire of pas-, sion, but not the clay which drags it downwards; it partook of the innocence ot my years while it etheriqlized me. - Whether it was the divinity of beaut', that stung me, or rather that lifted me above (he darkness and immaturity of childhood - l know not; but my feelings were any thing but childish. By some strong intuition, 1 felt that there was a difference (I knew not what) that called forth an extraordinary and impet impetuous - uous impetuous regard. .