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Doña Ana County, New Mexico

133 topographic sheets cover 62 settlements here.

Research this county

New Mexico within the United States
Doña Ana County within New Mexico
Explore by year 1877 1890

What the record shows

  • 836 topographic sheet readings cover the county's settlements.
  • The Geographic Names Information System records 63 populated places in this county; 62 are covered by at least one topographic sheet.

Photographs

41 photographs, 1936 to 2025

Taken for the Office of War Information and the Farm Security Administration, who photographed the country between 1935 and 1944. Works of United States government photographers, with no known restriction on use. Each opens its catalogue record.

The three-story City Hall building, completed in 2010 in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
The three-story City Hall building, completed in 2010 in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
A religious icon and adjacent art in the sanctuary of the Basilica of San Albino on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
A religious icon and adjacent art in the sanctuary of the Basilica of San Albino on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
A parade of burger boys and girls dominates the skyline at Sparky's Burgers & BBQ (barbecue), a must-see roadside attraction in tiny Hatch, New Mexico, north of Las Cruces, that offers not only green-chili cheeseburgers, espresso, and other coffee drinks but also what one might call vintage, sometimes giant and funky, memorabilia assembled over 20 years by Sparky's owners, Josie Nunn and her husband, Teako
A parade of burger boys and girls dominates the skyline at Sparky's Burgers & BBQ (barbecue), a must-see roadside attraction in tiny Hatch, New Mexico, north of Las Cruces, that offers not only green-chili cheeseburgers, espresso, and other coffee drinks but also what one might call vintage, sometimes giant and funky, memorabilia assembled over 20 years by Sparky's owners, Josie Nunn and her husband, Teako
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
An enormous, and quite angular, grain elevator in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
An enormous, and quite angular, grain elevator in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
The Basilica of San Albino on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
The Basilica of San Albino on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
A parade of burger boys and girls dominates the skyline at Sparky's Burgers & BBQ (barbecue), a must-see roadside attraction in tiny Hatch, New Mexico, north of Las Cruces, that offers not only green-chili cheeseburgers, espresso, and other coffee drinks but also what one might call vintage, sometimes giant and funky, memorabilia assembled over 20 years by Sparky's owners, Josie Nunn and her husband, Teako
A parade of burger boys and girls dominates the skyline at Sparky's Burgers & BBQ (barbecue), a must-see roadside attraction in tiny Hatch, New Mexico, north of Las Cruces, that offers not only green-chili cheeseburgers, espresso, and other coffee drinks but also what one might call vintage, sometimes giant and funky, memorabilia assembled over 20 years by Sparky's owners, Josie Nunn and her husband, Teako
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
A distant view of Tortugas, New Mexico, a community at the base of the Organ Mountain Range below Las Cruces
A distant view of Tortugas, New Mexico, a community at the base of the Organ Mountain Range below Las Cruces
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Hardy plants jut through the surface at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Hardy plants jut through the surface at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Decorative entrance to Rosie's Cafe in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Decorative entrance to Rosie's Cafe in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Old gas pumps, amusement-ride bumper cars, and the Big Boy restaurant advertising symbol keep unlikely company at Sparky's Burgers & BBQ (barbecue), a must-see roadside attraction in tiny Hatch, New Mexico, north of Las Cruces, that offers not only green-chili cheeseburgers, espresso, and other coffee drinks but also what one might call vintage, sometimes giant and funky, memorabilia assembled over 20 years by Sparky's owners, Josie Nunn and her husband, Teako
Old gas pumps, amusement-ride bumper cars, and the Big Boy restaurant advertising symbol keep unlikely company at Sparky's Burgers & BBQ (barbecue), a must-see roadside attraction in tiny Hatch, New Mexico, north of Las Cruces, that offers not only green-chili cheeseburgers, espresso, and other coffee drinks but also what one might call vintage, sometimes giant and funky, memorabilia assembled over 20 years by Sparky's owners, Josie Nunn and her husband, Teako
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Anthony Pennock and Shan Nichols's 2008 mosaic mural, "El Rio Grande de Norte, Onate's Proclamation, 1598" is one of three adjacent art installations in Johnson Park, near City Hall and the Thomas Branigan Memorial Library in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
Anthony Pennock and Shan Nichols's 2008 mosaic mural, "El Rio Grande de Norte, Onate's Proclamation, 1598" is one of three adjacent art installations in Johnson Park, near City Hall and the Thomas Branigan Memorial Library in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Scene at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Scene at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
A pottery shop just off the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
A pottery shop just off the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
An oversized Uncle Sam, here as a hot-pepper fan, at Sparky's Burgers & BBQ (barbecue), a must-see roadside attraction in tiny Hatch, New Mexico, north of Las Cruces, that offers not only green-chili cheeseburgers, espresso, and other coffee drinks but also what one might call vintage, sometimes giant and funky, memorabilia assembled over 20 years by Sparky's owners, Josie Nunn and her husband, Teako
An oversized Uncle Sam, here as a hot-pepper fan, at Sparky's Burgers & BBQ (barbecue), a must-see roadside attraction in tiny Hatch, New Mexico, north of Las Cruces, that offers not only green-chili cheeseburgers, espresso, and other coffee drinks but also what one might call vintage, sometimes giant and funky, memorabilia assembled over 20 years by Sparky's owners, Josie Nunn and her husband, Teako
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
A religious icon and adjacent art in the sanctuary of the Basilica of San Albino on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
A religious icon and adjacent art in the sanctuary of the Basilica of San Albino on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
A windmill outside the building accents the agricultural curriculum emphasized at Skeen Hall behind it
A windmill outside the building accents the agricultural curriculum emphasized at Skeen Hall behind it
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
This "welcome" mural in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas, has some of the aspects of a "postcard" mural and art saluting the popular activity of ballooning in the state
This "welcome" mural in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas, has some of the aspects of a "postcard" mural and art saluting the popular activity of ballooning in the state
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Exterior entrance of the Harold L. Runnels Federal Building in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Exterior entrance of the Harold L. Runnels Federal Building in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2025. Library of Congress
Drunken-sailor carving outside the Coyote Traders antique-and-collectibles store on Picacho Avenue, the old route into town on the west side of Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Drunken-sailor carving outside the Coyote Traders antique-and-collectibles store on Picacho Avenue, the old route into town on the west side of Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Colorful entrance to the Las Cruces Community Theatre in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Colorful entrance to the Las Cruces Community Theatre in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
The site's trademark rippling waves accent the experience at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
The site's trademark rippling waves accent the experience at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
The site's trademark rippling waves accent the experience at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
The site's trademark rippling waves accent the experience at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Exterior entrance of the Harold L. Runnels Federal Building in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Exterior entrance of the Harold L. Runnels Federal Building in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2025. Library of Congress
Hardy plants jut through the surface at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Hardy plants jut through the surface at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Chiles hang on the wall of the La Posta Restaurant on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
Chiles hang on the wall of the La Posta Restaurant on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Unusual goods for sale line the street outside the Coyote Traders antique-and-collectibles store on Picacho Avenue, the old route into town on the west side of Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Unusual goods for sale line the street outside the Coyote Traders antique-and-collectibles store on Picacho Avenue, the old route into town on the west side of Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Hardy plants jut through the surface at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Hardy plants jut through the surface at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
The site's trademark rippling waves accent the experience at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
The site's trademark rippling waves accent the experience at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
The Heart of the Desert nut and wine shop in the old Mesilla Valley Store on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
The Heart of the Desert nut and wine shop in the old Mesilla Valley Store on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Benches and outdoor area outside the Harold L. Runnels Federal Building in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Benches and outdoor area outside the Harold L. Runnels Federal Building in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2025. Library of Congress
An oversized Uncle Sam, here as a hot-pepper fan, at Sparky's Burgers & BBQ (barbecue), a must-see roadside attraction in tiny Hatch, New Mexico, north of Las Cruces, that offers not only green-chili cheeseburgers, espresso, and other coffee drinks but also what one might call vintage, sometimes giant and funky, memorabilia assembled over 20 years by Sparky's owners, Josie Nunn and her husband, Teako
An oversized Uncle Sam, here as a hot-pepper fan, at Sparky's Burgers & BBQ (barbecue), a must-see roadside attraction in tiny Hatch, New Mexico, north of Las Cruces, that offers not only green-chili cheeseburgers, espresso, and other coffee drinks but also what one might call vintage, sometimes giant and funky, memorabilia assembled over 20 years by Sparky's owners, Josie Nunn and her husband, Teako
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
The landmark white-adobe Dona Ana County Courthouse in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
The landmark white-adobe Dona Ana County Courthouse in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Artist Andrew Nagem's purple "thing," reminiscent of an octopus, which he named "Refuge," serves as a shady shelter and play area at the Laabs neighborhood park in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Artist Andrew Nagem's purple "thing," reminiscent of an octopus, which he named "Refuge," serves as a shady shelter and play area at the Laabs neighborhood park in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Art on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, that includes the flags of the United States and Mexico, and the sunburst symbol of the New Mexico flag
Art on the plaza of Mesilla (locally called Old Mesilla), a historic town adjacent to Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, that includes the flags of the United States and Mexico, and the sunburst symbol of the New Mexico flag
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
An elaborate stained-glass window depicting a steam locomotive, down to the steam itself, at the 1910 Las Cruces, New Mexico, train depot
An elaborate stained-glass window depicting a steam locomotive, down to the steam itself, at the 1910 Las Cruces, New Mexico, train depot
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Benches and outdoor area outside the Harold L. Runnels Federal Building in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Benches and outdoor area outside the Harold L. Runnels Federal Building in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2025. Library of Congress
The site's trademark rippling waves accent the experience at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
The site's trademark rippling waves accent the experience at White Sands National Park in southern New Mexico's Tularosa Basin
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Exterior of the Harold L. Runnels Federal Building in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Exterior of the Harold L. Runnels Federal Building in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Highsmith, Carol M, 2025. Library of Congress
Goddard Hall, designed by legendary Southwest-U.S. architect Henry C. Trost and completed in 1913 on the campus of New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Goddard Hall, designed by legendary Southwest-U.S. architect Henry C. Trost and completed in 1913 on the campus of New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
This motel in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas, took its location not far from the city train depot to heart by devoting the wall of one building to a steam-train mural
This motel in Las Cruces, the hub city of southern New Mexico, 27 miles from the border with far-western Texas, took its location not far from the city train depot to heart by devoting the wall of one building to a steam-train mural
Highsmith, Carol M, 2021. Library of Congress
Irrigating a field. Dona Ana County, New Mexico
Irrigating a field. Dona Ana County, New Mexico
Rothstein, Arthur, 1936. Library of Congress

Digitised newspapers

4 issues

Sampled issues, machine-read from the Library of Congress scan and published page by page, so every headline and column is searchable text.

The Mesilla Valley Independent

Mesilla, N.M., 1877 to 1879. Machine-read from the Library of Congress scan.

Rio Grande Republican

Las Cruces, N.M., 1881 to 1914. Machine-read from the Library of Congress scan.

The county from the air

48 shown

Flown by the U.S. Geological Survey between 1937 and 1989, the Aerial Photo Single Frames collection is the definitive mid-century view of the land: fields, roads and rivers as the camera saw them. The Survey holds 9,154 frames inside the rectangle that bounds this county; the 48 frames below were taken over the county itself, chosen across the decades of flights (at most four a year from that rectangle), so one flight cannot crowd out the rest. The full set is free to browse and download at EarthExplorer under the dataset Aerial Photo Single Frames.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1942-12-23, scale 1:50000
1942-12-23, scale 1:50000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1942-12-23, scale 1:50000
1942-12-23, scale 1:50000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1942-12-23, scale 1:50000
1942-12-23, scale 1:50000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1942-12-23, scale 1:50000
1942-12-23, scale 1:50000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1947-02-01, scale 1:35400
1947-02-01, scale 1:35400. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1947-02-01, scale 1:35400
1947-02-01, scale 1:35400. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1947-02-01, scale 1:35400
1947-02-01, scale 1:35400. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1947-02-01, scale 1:35400
1947-02-01, scale 1:35400. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1950-01-23, scale 1:12000
1950-01-23, scale 1:12000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1950-01-23, scale 1:12000
1950-01-23, scale 1:12000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1950-01-23, scale 1:12000
1950-01-23, scale 1:12000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1950-01-23, scale 1:12000
1950-01-23, scale 1:12000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1953-12-08, scale 1:54000
1953-12-08, scale 1:54000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1953-12-08, scale 1:54000
1953-12-08, scale 1:54000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1953-12-08, scale 1:54000
1953-12-08, scale 1:54000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1953-12-08, scale 1:54000
1953-12-08, scale 1:54000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1956-03-07, scale 1:40000
1956-03-07, scale 1:40000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1956-03-07, scale 1:40000
1956-03-07, scale 1:40000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1956-03-07, scale 1:40000
1956-03-07, scale 1:40000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1956-03-07, scale 1:40000
1956-03-07, scale 1:40000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1957-04-26, scale 1:63996
1957-04-26, scale 1:63996. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1957-04-26, scale 1:63996
1957-04-26, scale 1:63996. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1957-04-26, scale 1:63996
1957-04-26, scale 1:63996. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1957-04-26, scale 1:63996
1957-04-26, scale 1:63996. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1958-06-18, scale 1:21700
1958-06-18, scale 1:21700. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1958-06-18, scale 1:21700
1958-06-18, scale 1:21700. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1958-06-18, scale 1:21700
1958-06-18, scale 1:21700. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1958-06-18, scale 1:21700
1958-06-18, scale 1:21700. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1964-02-17, scale 1:16600
1964-02-17, scale 1:16600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1964-02-17, scale 1:16600
1964-02-17, scale 1:16600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1964-02-17, scale 1:16600
1964-02-17, scale 1:16600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1964-02-17, scale 1:16600
1964-02-17, scale 1:16600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1965-03-19, scale 1:16600
1965-03-19, scale 1:16600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1965-03-19, scale 1:16600
1965-03-19, scale 1:16600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1965-03-19, scale 1:16600
1965-03-19, scale 1:16600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1965-03-19, scale 1:16600
1965-03-19, scale 1:16600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1967-03-16, scale 1:25600
1967-03-16, scale 1:25600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1967-03-16, scale 1:25600
1967-03-16, scale 1:25600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1967-03-16, scale 1:25600
1967-03-16, scale 1:25600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1967-03-16, scale 1:25600
1967-03-16, scale 1:25600. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1970-03-16, scale 1:102750
1970-03-16, scale 1:102750. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1970-03-16, scale 1:102750
1970-03-16, scale 1:102750. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1970-03-16, scale 1:102750
1970-03-16, scale 1:102750. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1970-03-16, scale 1:102750
1970-03-16, scale 1:102750. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1971-01-22, scale 1:110736
1971-01-22, scale 1:110736. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1971-01-22, scale 1:110736
1971-01-22, scale 1:110736. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1971-01-22, scale 1:110736
1971-01-22, scale 1:110736. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1971-01-22, scale 1:106380
1971-01-22, scale 1:106380. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

Weather records

265 stations, 3 gages

The thermometers that kept this county's weather, and the gages that measured the flow of its streams, as the federal records hold them. The extremes below are measured values from those records, not estimates.

The 1950 census, district by district

54 districts

Who lived here in 1950, one enumeration district at a time, as the Census Bureau described each district. Each row opens its official National Archives result, with Population Schedules and ED Maps available there.

  • 7-1Election Precinct 1, Organ: Election Precinct 1, Organ, excluding parts of White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base
  • 7-2White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base - That part in Election Precinct 1, Organ (Remainder of White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base is in Election Precincts 10, Berino, 24, Vado, and 25, Brazito, and in Lincoln, Socorro and Otero counties. Part of Fort Bliss Military Reservation is also in Texas)
  • 7-3Election Precinct 2, Dona Ana
  • 7-4Las Cruces city, comprising parts of Election Precincts 3, Las Cruces, 20, Las Cruces, and 29, Las Cruces: Las Cruces city - That part in Election Precinct 3, Las Cruces Bounded by Organ Ave., Election Precinct line, Organ Ave.; City limits; Amador Ave., Pecos, Election Precinct line, Amador Ave.; Tornillo
  • 7-5Las Cruces city - That part in Election Precinct 3, Las Cruces Bounded by Organ Ave., Election Precinct line, Organ Ave.; Tornillo; Amador Ave.; Mesilla
  • 7-6Las Cruces city - That part in Election Precinct 20, Las Cruces Bounded by City limits; City limits; Organ Ave.; Sierra, City limits
  • 7-7Las Cruces city - That part in Election Precinct 20, Las Cruces Bounded by City limits; Sierra Mesa Ave., Almendra, Mesa Ave., Tornillo, Mesa Ave., Picacho Ave.; Alameda Blvd.
  • 7-8ALas Cruces city - That part in Election Precinct 20, Las Cruces Bounded by Old city limits, Armijo Lateral, City limits; City limits, Alameda; Parker Rd.l City limits, Old city limits
  • 7-8BLas Cruces city - That part in Election Precinct 20, Las Cruces Bounded by City limits; Armijo Lateral; Old city limits; City limits
  • 7-9Las Cruces city - That part in Election Precinct 20, Las Cruces Bounded by Parker Rd.; Mesilla, Pittsburgh Ave., Mesilla; Election Precinct line, West Amador Rd.; City limits
  • 7-10Las Cruces city - That part in Election Precinct 20, Las Cruces Bounded by Parker Rd.; Alameda Blvd., Picacho Ave., Main; Organ Ave., Election Precinct line, Organ Ave.; Mesilla, Pittsburg Ave., Mesilla
  • 7-11Las Cruces city - That part in Election Precinct 20, Las Cruces Bounded by Mesa Ave., Tornillo, Mesa Ave., Almendra, Mesa Ave.; Sierra; Organ Ave., Election Precinct line, Organ Ave.; Main
  • 7-12Las Cruces city - That part in Election Precinct 29, Las Cruces Bounded by Election Precinct line, Pecos, Amador Ave.; City limits; Idaho Ave., Solina, City limits; Espina
  • 7-13Las Cruces - That part in Election Precinct 29, Las Cruces Bounded by Amador Ave.; Espina; City limits; El Pasqo Rd.
  • 7-14Las Cruces - That part in Election Precinct 29, Las Cruces Bounded by West Amador Rd., Election Precinct line, Amador Ave.; El Pasqo Rd.; City limits; City limits
  • 7-15Las Cruces - That part in Election Precinct 29, Las Cruces Bounded by Idaho Ave., City limits; City limits; City limits; City limits, Solina
  • 7-16Election Precinct 3, Las Cruces - That part outside Las Cruces city (Remainder of Election Precinct 3, Las Cruces, is in Las Cruces city)
  • 7-17Election Precinct 4, Mesilla (Upper)
  • 7-18Election Precinct 5, Mesilla (Lower) : Mesilla, unincorporated Bounded by Election Precinct line; Election Precinct line, State Route 28; Unnamed street; Unnamed street, Unnamed street, Mesilla Drainage Ditch
  • 7-19Election Precinct 5, Mesilla (Lower) - That part outside the unincorporated place of Mesilla (See separate map for boundaries of Mesilla)
  • 7-20Election Precinct 6, Mesilla Park: Election Precinct 6, Mesilla Park - That part east of U.S. Highway 80
  • 7-21Election Precinct 6, Mesilla Park - That part west of U.S. Highway 80
  • 7-22Election Precinct 7, Salem
  • 7-23Election Precinct 8, La Mesa
  • 7-24Election Precinct 9, La Union - That part east of State Highway 28
  • 7-25Election Precinct 9, La Union - That part west of State Highway 28
  • 7-26Election Precinct 10, Berino: Election Precinct 10, Berino, excluding parts of White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base
  • 7-27White Sands Proving Grounds, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base - That part in Election Precinct 10, Berino (Remainder of White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base is in Election Precincts 1, Organ, 24, Vado, and 25, Brazito, and in Lincoln, Socorro and Otero counties. Part of Fort Bliss Military Reservation is also in Texas)
  • 7-28Election Precinct 11, Chamberino
  • 7-29CElection Precinct 12: Hatch village Rodey Lateral, U.S. Highway 85; City limits; City limits; City limits
  • 7-29BElection Precinct 12: Hatch village City limits; City limits; City limits; Old city limits
  • 7-29AElection Precinct 12: Hatch village City limits; City limits, Old city limits, City limits; U.S. Highway 85, Rodey Lateral, City limits; City limits
  • 7-30Election Precinct 12, Hatch - That part outside Hatch village
  • 7-31Election Precinct 13, Hill
  • 7-32Election Precinct 14, Afton
  • 7-33Election Precinct 15, San Miguel
  • 7-34Election Precinct 16, Rodey
  • 7-35Election Precinct 17, Anapara
  • 7-36Election Precinct 18, Anthony: Anthony, unincorporated Bounded by Unnamed street extended, Unnamed street; Unnamed road; New Mexico - Texas State Line; East Drainage Ditch, Anthony Wash Drainage Ditch, Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe Railroad
  • 7-37Election Precinct 18, Anthony - That part outside the unincorporated place of Anthony (See separate map for boundaries of Anthony)
  • 7-38Election Precinct 19, Rincon
  • 7-39Election Precinct 20, Las Cruces - That part outside Las Cruces city (Remainder of Election Precinct 20, Las Cruces, is in Las Cruces city)
  • 7-40Election Precinct 21, San Ysidro
  • 7-41Election Precinct 22, Garfield
  • 7-42Election Precinct 23, Fairacres
  • 7-43Election Precinct 24, Vado: Election Precinct 24, Vado - Excluding parts of White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base
  • 7-44White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base - That part in Election Precinct 24, Vado (Remainder of White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base is in Election Precincts 1, Organ, 10, Berino, and 25, Brazito, and in Lincoln, Socorro and Otero counties. Part of Fort Bliss Military Reservation is also in Texas)
  • 7-45Election Precinct 25, Brazito: Election Precinct 25, Brazito, excluding parts of White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base -
  • 7-46White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base - That part in Election Precinct 25, Brazito (Remainder of White Sands Proving Ground, Fort Bliss Military Reservation and Holloman Air Force Base is in Election Precincts 1, Organ, 10, Berino, and 24, Vado and in Lincoln, Socorro and Otero counties. Part of Fort Bliss Military Reservation is also in Texas)
  • 7-47Election Precinct 26, Guadalupe
  • 7-48Election Precinct 27, Longview
  • 7-49Election Precinct 28, Mesquite
  • 7-50Election Precinct 29, Las Cruces, outside Las Cruces city: Election Precinct 29, Las Cruces - That part Bounded by Election Precinct line; Election Precinct line; Election Precinct line; Election Precinct line, Las Cruces city limits
  • 7-51Election Precinct 29, Las Cruces - That part Bounded by Election Precinct line; City limits; Election Precinct line; Election Precinct line (Remainder of Election Precinct 29, Las Cruces, is in Las Cruces city)

Wildfire, 1992 to 2020

204 fires

Every wildfire the federal occurrence database records inside this county: 204 of them, burning about 76,079 acres. 55 started naturally and 18 were recorded as arson. Each settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it.

Reported cause Fires
Missing data/not specified/undetermined87
Natural55
Arson/incendiarism18
Recreation and ceremony11
Equipment and vehicle use11
Debris and open burning10
Smoking7
Misuse of fire by a minor2
Other causes1
Firearms and explosives use1
Fireworks1

The five largest, by the area the report gives. Two of them were set deliberately.

DateCause SizeReported by Name on the report
27 June 1994Natural13,804 acresLas Cruces Field OfficeORGAN
21 April 2011Missing data/not specified/undetermined13,424 acresLas Cruces Field OfficeABRAMS
16 June 1993Natural11,856 acresLas Cruces Field OfficeUVAS
16 June 2010Arson/incendiarism5,160 acresLas Cruces Field OfficeFT BLISS 2
24 June 2018Equipment and vehicle use5,045 acresLas Cruces Field OfficeORGAN
1 July 1994Natural3,650 acresSan Andreas National Wildlife RefugeSEEHORN 94
20 June 2010Arson/incendiarism2,582 acresLas Cruces Field OfficeLONG CANYON
7 July 1997Natural2,400 acresLas Cruces Field OfficePOT

Every settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it - see the settlement index below.

Storms, 1956 to 2025

60 of 357 shown

The NOAA Storm Events Database holds 357 reports for this county, causing no deaths, 7 injuries and about $28,909,750 in recorded property damage. Each settlement page carries the reports that name it.

Kind of event Reports
Hail117
Thunderstorm Wind117
Flash Flood89
Tornado13
Heavy Rain13
Flood7
Lightning1

The most serious of them, by death, then injury, then recorded damage. The accounts are quoted exactly as the forecast office filed them.

WhenEvent Place namedHarm What the report says
August 2014LightningFairacres6 hurtSix people, including several middle school football players were injured from the initial lightning strike from a nearby thunderstorm. No fatalities occurred with this lightning strike, but one student who was closest to the strike suffered significant injuries and was in the hospital for over a week.
August 2013Flash FloodLizard1 hurtDona Ana Emergency Manager reported a water rescue was necessary in Sunland Park due to flooding with one person transported to an El Paso hospital with unknown injuries.
September 2006HailMesilla$10,000,000no account filed
August 2006Flash FloodHatch$4,000,000Runoff from heavy rains over the nearby Sierra De Las Uvas Mountains caused the Placitas Arroyo to breach, which sent a wall of water into the town of Hatch. Up to 4 feet of water entered business and residences. Mandatory evacuations of several hundred residents took place, including 150 people from an apartment complex which eventually had to be condemned. All roads into and within Hatch were closed.
June 1997HailLas Cruces$3,500,000no account filed
August 2006Flash FloodSouth Portion$3,000,000A cluster of slow moving thunderstorms dropped 1.5 to 3 inches of rain over the southern portion of Dona Ana County, especially near the Rio Grande. Even higher amounts fell over the nearby Franklin Mountains which added to severe runoff problems. Interstate 10 south of Las Cruces was closed for several hours. Hardest hit with damage to roads and structures was Sunland Park, followed by Anthony, Chaparral and La Union. About 1200 residents in Sunland Park were forced to evacuate as the Rio Grande River reached a stage of 9.3 feet, the highest in 50 years. This was one of many flood events during the summer that led to much of New Mexico being declared a federal disaster area.
April 2004HailAnthony$2,000,000no account filed
June 2004HailLas Cruces Arpt$1,200,000no account filed
September 2005Flash FloodLas Cruces$1,000,000Major flooding occurred across most of the Las Cruces area as a thunderstorm complex dropped heavy rain during a 3 hour time frame. Rainfall reports were widespread 2 to 3 inches with isolated amounts around 4 inches. All major roads were flooded with a few intersections under 4 feet of water. Sandbags were put up until resources were exhausted. The rainfall amounts were not extremely unusual, just the areal coverage.
August 2021Flash FloodLa Union$750,000Water topped an earthen dam and resulted in flooding across much of La Union. Several cars were washed off the road and some houses were inaccessible for awile. Several inches of standing water also resulted across the area due to the heavy rain. This was all the result of almost 2 inches of rain in about an hour.
April 2022HailStrauss$500,000Hail up to golf ball size fell in Santa Teresa up toward La Union. Several houses around the intersection of McNutt and the Dominici Highway sustained destroyed roofs and numerous vehicles had significant hail damage including at the local NWS office.
June 2004Flash FloodVado$500,000Thunderstorms repeatedly moved over southern and central Dona Ana County, dropping more than 3 inches of rain between Las Cruces and northeast El Paso. Though most areas experienced nuisance flooding, the town of Vado, which lies in a somewhat sunken basin, received the run-off from most of the surrounding area. As a result, 14 houses had to be evacuated. Most of the town was under 2 to 3 feet of water, with a few spots under 6 feet. Governor Richardson later declared Vado a disaster area.
June 1999Flash FloodLas Cruces$300,000Three to four inches of rain fell in the East Mesa area of Las Cruces. Water running off the nearby Organ Mountains caused considerable damage to mobile homes, homes and washed out roads. The high water had some residents on the east side of Las Cruces trapped in their homes for several hours. A 70 year old woman had to be rescued after trying to cross a flooded road in her car.
July 2025Flash FloodBerino$250,000Significant flash flooding was reported along Interstate 10 which was forced to be closed between Mesquite south through Vado. Video showed turbulent water running over the Frontage Road along I-10 near Vado. Other areas that had significant flooding included High Valley Road near the Vado Quarry, areas in the vicinity of Las Palmeras Road and Jamaica Lane in Berino as well as near Cebolla Lane flooding the nearby neighborhood.
August 2021Flash FloodLa Union$250,000Widespread flooding was reported across La Union due to over 7 inches of rain over the previous 3 days from just north of Domenici Highway through La Union. The Dona Ana County Emergency Manager ordered evacuations of La Union due to the flooding and possible dam breach of an earthen dam to the west of town.
August 2021Flash FloodLa Union$250,000Another round of heavy rain hit La Union down to Santa Teresa a day after flooding had already occurred in the area. Over a foot and a half of water was reported on Alvarez Road in La Union while down in Santa Teresa, Hansen Circle was impassable due to overflowing water from a retention pond.
July 1987Tornado (F0)not stated$250,000no account filed
August 2020Thunderstorm WindDona Ana$100,000Numerous trees and power poles down in northeast Las Cruces. At 8 am the following day, 500 customers were still without electricity. Mesonet site which recorded the gust was located north of Highway 70 and east of I-25. Pea size hail was also reported.
July 2008Flash FloodDona Ana$75,000Residual moisture from the remnants of Dolly led to heavy rainfall and flash flooding in the town of Dona Ana. Several roads were barricaded and water entered numerous homes.
September 2009Flash FloodDona Ana$70,000Homes were flooded near Peachtree Hill northeast of Las Cruces. The U.S. 70 frontage road in this area was covered by up to 3 feet of water, and all major streets on the east mesa of Las Cruces were under water.
July 2010Flash FloodPicacho$50,000Very heavy rain over Las Cruces flooded many buildings and streets across town. New Mexico State University recorded 3.36 inches of rain. At least 6 buildings on the campus had water damage with several roads closed. Several water rescues from stalled vehicles were performed on campus.
May 2009Flash FloodHatch$50,000Flooding was reported in some homes in the community of Rodey. There was also flooding along Highway 185 southeast of Hatch.
July 2008Flash FloodMalpais$50,000A large cluster of thunderstorms moved over an area already saturated from heavy rain the previous day. Arroyos overflowed and low water crossings were flooded. Highways that were closed included Highway 9 between Columbus and Hachita, Highway 26 between Deming and Hatch, and Highway 27 south of Hillsboro.
July 2008Thunderstorm WindLas Cruces$50,000A wind gust of 58 mph was measured at the Las Cruces Airport during a severe thunderstorm. However, the winds were estimated at 65 mph near Mayfield High School were several trees were blown over and minor structural damage occurred.
August 2006Flash FloodNorth Central Portion$50,000Flash flooding occurred in an area which included Organ, Dona Ana and the east mesa of Las Cruces. Roads were covered by up to 2 feet of water with some closures. Water also flooded backyards and entered homes as retention walls collapsed from water swollen arroyos.
August 2006Flash FloodNorthwest Portion$50,000no account filed
September 2006FloodCountywide$50,000no account filed
July 2014Flash FloodHill$30,000Over an inch of rain fell quickly in Hill, NM which caused the closing of Dona Ana Road which was underwater. Several houses had water in them, plus damage to trucks and a horse trailer were also reported. Water made it into the basement of the historic St. Mary's at Hill Anglican Church. One resident said that the water was higher than any other time in the 50 years he lived there.
August 2001Thunderstorm WindLas Cruces$30,000A wet microburst blew the roof off a portion of an apartment complex. Some windows were blown out in the downtown area, and several power lines were downed.
August 2002FloodLas Cruces$30,000no account filed
June 2024Thunderstorm WindAnthony$25,000Two outflows from nearby thunderstorms collided over the Chaparral area which created a gustnado as well as straight-line wind damage. There was a complete collapse of a well built outbuilding/garage. The roof separated from the walls allowing the wind to get inside and under the roof structure. The roof debris scattered towards the west and northwest and was displaced approximately 50 yards from the foundation. The walls collapsed afterwards with all of the walls falling in a southward direction. Metal fencing attached to a rock wall was ripped off. An RV camper rolled on it's side and was damaged by flying debris. There was a metal shed that collapsed as winds lifted the roof from the structure. Finally, an outdoor shed was completely destroyed with debris scattered up to 100 yards towards the northwest.
July 2021Thunderstorm Wind(Lru)Las Cruces Arpt$25,000Mping report. Trees uprooted or snapped. A roof was also blown off.
August 2014Flash FloodFt Fillmore$25,000The NMDOT reported mudslides and debris on Frontage Roads 1037 and 1035 between Las Cruces and Vado from overnight rains. Several buildings on the New Mexico State University Campus reported water inside of them, including two rooms in the Health and Social Sciences Building, heavy water in east gymnasium of Activity Center and several Engineering Complex buildings.
August 2013Flash FloodVado$25,000Emergency Manager reported 24 people were displaced due to major flooding that flooded their homes in Vado. The Red Cross established shelters for the families.
July 2010Flash FloodGarfield$25,000Water was reported going over West Canal Road Bridge in Hatch. In the Rincon/Radium Springs area near Santiago Peak Road and Highway 185 flooding pushed cars off of road.
May 2007Flash FloodHatch$25,000An apartment complex in Hatch was flooded, requiring the local fire department to pump water out of the apartments.
July 1979Tornado (F1)not stated$25,000no account filed
August 2016Thunderstorm WindAnthony$20,000Thunderstorm winds blew off a 190 foot long horse barn roof.
July 2008Flash FloodAnthony$20,000The remnants of Dolly brought 2.5 to 3.5 inches of rain to southern Dona Ana County. Water was knee deep in Chaparral, and Highway 28 was flooded south of La Union.
July 2007Flash FloodAnthony$20,000Up to 30 homes were flooded in Anthony. Sandbags were requested for this area as well as nearby Mesquite (just to the north).
August 2006Flash FloodSouth Portion$20,000A line of rapidly moving thunderstorms dropped up to an inch and a half of rain in less than 30 minutes during the early morning hours. This was only 36 hours after the extensive flash flooding on August 1st, so runoff was excessive. Roads were impassable in Chaparral, and erosion exposed gas pipes in Vado and Sunland Park.
September 2006Flash FloodSunland Park$20,000Excessive runoff overwhelmed a drain pipe which resulted in a mudslide in Sunland Park. Several homes were flooded, with a storage shed and part of a driveway washed away at one residence.
July 2002Flash FloodRadium Spgs$20,000A cluster of thunderstorms dropped nearly 4 inches of rain within an hour according to a RAWS rain gauge located in the Sierra de Las Uvas Mountains. The resulting runoff washed out Highway 185 between Radium Springs and Rincon.
August 2006FloodCountywide$20,000no account filed
August 2005Thunderstorm WindLas Cruces$20,000no account filed
August 2002Thunderstorm WindLas Cruces$20,000no account filed
July 2013Flash FloodVado$15,000The Dona Ana Emergency Manager reported 4 families in mobile homes in Vado had to be evacuated due to water coming up to their doorways. A car was also submerged in mud due to the flooding.
July 2013Flash FloodDona Ana$10,000Reports from 911 said there was a swift water rescue on the corner of Camino Lindo and Sonoma Ranch Blvd in Las Cruces. Flooding was also reported at Sierra Middle School.
June 2009Flash FloodOrgan$10,000Baylor Canyon Road and Dripping Springs Road were washed out.
September 2009Flash FloodAnthony$10,000Heavy rain led to the flooding of yards in Anthony, New Mexico.
July 2008Flash FloodAnthony$10,000A Skywarn Spotter reported 3 inches of rain within an hour in Chaparral, and the surrounding neighborhood was flooded.
September 2006Flash FloodPicacho$10,000no account filed
June 2004Thunderstorm WindLas Cruces Arpt$10,000no account filed
August 2002Thunderstorm WindGarfield$10,000no account filed
June 2024Thunderstorm WindDona Ana$5,000Reports of several power poles blown down north of Las Cruces on social media.
October 2015Flash FloodDona Ana$5,000Arroyo overflowed from heavy rain. There was a water rescue from a flooded vehicle in Dona Ana.
August 2014Flash FloodHatch$5,000Several homes were flooded in Rodey on Mariano and Trujillo Streets as well as on Colorado Street.
October 2010Thunderstorm WindFt Fillmore$5,000El Paso Electric reported 11 power poles were knocked down causing 11,000 people to be without power for some time.
June 2016Thunderstorm WindBerino$3,000Pictures were passed along on Facebook of roof damage from a likely microburst.
August 2016Flash FloodRadium Spgs$3,000Road damage occurred from flash flooding in Leasburg Dam State Park. Water made it into park buildings with over a foot of standing water in the Maintenance yard. Daily rainfall from afternoon and overnight rains totaled 4.04 inches.

Every populated place in the county

63

Named settlements recorded in the Geographic Names Information System, each with the topographic sheets covering it. Villages, hamlets and abandoned places alike. Each is shown with the nearest named watercourse or landform and the survey quadrangle it falls on.

The vanished settlements of Doña Ana County: the places named above that are no longer on the map.

Provenance

  • Topographic sheets. USGS Historical Topographic Map Collection, county index, measured from the bulk metadata.
  • Fire insurance maps. Library of Congress Sanborn collection, faceted to this county.
  • Photographs. Each place queried individually against the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs search.
  • Wildfire. Short, Karen C. 2022. Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2020 [FPA_FOD_20221014]. 6th Edition. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2013-0009.6 Collected with United States Government funding and usable without additional permissions or fees.
  • Mines and quarries. USGS Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mrds/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105.
  • Storms. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/stormevents/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105. Narratives are quoted verbatim from the National Weather Service report and are not edited or summarised.