Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) X preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested. _ previously listed in the National Register previously determined eligible by the National Register designated a National Historic Landmark recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # Primary Location of Additional Data X State Historic Preservation Office Other State agency _ University Name of repository: 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1 16 725505 4354035 3 - See continuation sheet.
1840 Other Architect/Builder Federal agency Significant Dates Local government Period of Significance Cultural Affiliation Previous documentation on file (NPS) 1.826 acres Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Spread Eagle Tavern Butler County, Ohio Page 5 Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title Edeena Jill Vaught Dunlap, County Coordinator Mary Ann Olding Organization FOFS/Ohio Underground Railroad Association _ date July 1, 2001 street & number 1249 Eifel Cove _ telephone 513-875-2349 city or town Fayetteville .
state Ohio zip code 45118 Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Roy C. Vaught Trust street & number 9797 Cincinnati-Columbus Road _ telephone 513-777-5587 city or town Cincinnati Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.).
Estimated Bur- den Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing in- structions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Maps Photographs Property Owner Additional Documentation _ state Ohio _zip code 45241 nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State The Spread Eagle Tavern is located on Mount Pisgah in West Chester Township, historically known as Union Township. The Township is located in southeastern Butler County, 17 miles north of Cincinnati. The township is predominantly a residential and agricultural mix. accessed by an asphalt driveway extending approximately 400' and defining the south property line. Both property lines and the house are shaded by numerous mature trees. The house and contributing structure are in good condition and retain important features of Jeffersonian 20th century buildings within the boundaries of the nominated property.
and one half story brick bearing wings forming a U-shaped plan (photos 2, 3, and 17). All the exte- rior and interior walls are three courses of brick and the brickwork is common bond with 7 course stretchers. The low-pitched hip roof is covered with a combination of asphalt, metal, and rubber over original shake shingles which are still intact. Below the hip roof and overhang is a plain wide band of trim with spline and groove seams. The wide band continues across the front façade and around the side elevations. Six original chimneys mark the roof line. A seventh chimney was added ca. 1900. The seven bay front elevation is relieved by original six over six windows with narrow muntins and smooth sandstone lintels and lugsills. These windows along with large basement windows are aligned horizontally and vertically in symmetrical rows. Eight sets of original shutters and hardware remain.
Spline and Groove Flooring Figure 1. dwelling sits several feet off the ground on a raised, tooled limestone foundation. A major Jeffersonian Classicism feature, the entire center third of the front façade is dominated by an original full height, three-bay portico in antis supported by two large center Doric columns and flanked by two engaged pilasters totaling four in all. The top of the original columns have incised echinus; this unusual feature is included on all interior and exterior columns throughout the house. Both one and one half story side elevations feature large single story side porches with flat roofs. Each porch is supported by ten smaller Two small rectangular windows, along with a single blind or false window, are located in the frieze to the rear of each side elevation (photos 1,3, 7 and 17).
The rear elevation of the house views the end of the north and the south wings. Each wing has flush end chimneys flanked by small six over six windows. The rear elevation of the north wing features a single door and transom recessed in the wall, offset to the right of the chimney rear elevation of the south wing. The porch extends to the rear of the south wing and rests on a concrete foundation (photo 6). As this addi- tion is not within the period of significance or a contributing element, it will likely be demolished in any future museum quality restoration. The original courtyard between the wings, along with both Colonial Revival side porches, was enclosed with glass ca. 1900 in the Colonial Revival style. All three spaces now feature ca. 1900 glass French doors flanked by windows of eight lights with wide Colonial Revival mun- tins. The porches rest on ashlar stone foundations.
A copper plate ca. 1930 (Figure 24) indicates numerous blind frieze windows continued around the side and front elevations of the original dwelling, but many of the windows along with the front gable have been covered with lap siding (8-86) Additions Alterations The original porch floor is intact and is spline and groove construction (Figure l;photo5).The Classicism including overall massing, roof shape, plan, porches, window placement, and foundation. There are also three noncontributing original columns and pilasters identical in form, shape and proportion, including incised echinus, to the massive columns on the front façade. A small porch (date unknown) was enclosed in 1943 to service the Colonial Farm Restaurant and replaces the original rear entrance on the The Spread Eagle Tavern (OHI But-347-14) is situated on the west side of US Route 42 between Sharonville and Pisgah.
The property is NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State structure differs from the traditional smoke house because it was used for curing, not smoking meat (Tilman, 2001). This structure may also predate Spread Eagle Tavern. A window has been added to the south wall of the meat house, (date unknown). Adjoining the meat house structure is an old concrete foundation that is believed to be the foundation for a chicken coop.
Since there has been no large scale farming on the property since the Closs family owned the property in the 1930s, this foundation likely predates this time Approximately 100 feet to the rear of the south wing is an old well pump (Figure 2) and the original, round, hand dug, stone well three feet in diameter capped with wood and tin. Adjacent to the well is a small concrete well house foundation that also likely predates the 1930s. The remains of a barn foundation and concrete silo are located on the surrounding acreage outside the nominated area. Approximately 125 feet to the rear of the south wing is a second dwelling house covered with aluminum siding and asphalt shingle roof. Little is known about this structure except is has been altered and added onto many times (photo 16).
At least one room of the house has a natural limestone foundation and large hand hewn floor joists and thus we feel it could predate Spread Eagle Tavern. However, it was not taxed as a seperate stucture. The other rooms in the house have concrete covering the foundation. The foundation material cannot be seen. Directly to the rear of the second dwelling house is a storage building of pole construction and lap board siding and metal roof. While an exact construction date for the building is unknown, it does have a metal casement window. This could indicate the building to be ca. 1950, or the window could have been a salvage window installed in a much newer building. The building will likely be demolished in any future museum quality restoration campaigns on Spread Eagle Tavern (photo 16).
In the rear of the property in the northwest corner sits a metal pole building currently being used as a four car garage. It is likely the building was fairly new when the current owner moved to the property in 1974 (photo 16). Originally an open structure with a gravel floor, the current overhead doors and concrete floor have been added within the last five years. photos, 232 Crosthwaite period. Noncontributing Structures Figure 2 Approximately 100 feet to the rear of the north wing, the red brick meat house (photos 8 and 18) rests on a natural limestone foundation. This Other (8-86) Section 7 Page 2 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State delicate, decorative frame.
The doorway and glass are recessed behind the front wall and the narrow muntins are reversed to the outside An important feature, the Spread Eagle Tavern's public rooms are single story with tall ceilings and lack a central staircase. The main block of the house consists of three public rooms featuring sixteen foot ceil- ings, higher style woodwork and trim with wide baseboards. While the window trim in all three rooms has different detailing, all three rooms feature "walk-up" paneled windows with angled frames surrounded by wide trim and decorative corner blocks. The center of these three rooms is the main entrance hall. Hanging in the center of the room is the original double oil lamp fixture which has been converted to electricity (Figure 3; photo 13). Absent from this space is the grand staircase usually seen in houses built during this time period.
Directly across from the doorway in the main entrance hall is a centered double doorway with original square transom lights. The outline of two former windows, now covered with plaster, flank the doorway. This doorway enters the courtyard area that was converted to an interior living space ca. 1900. Crosthwaite photos, 220 To the left of the entrance hall is the south parlor. The predominant feature of this room is a large centered fireplace recessed in an arch (Figure 4). The original chimney piece has two decorative columns that match the exterior columns including an incised echinus. Small matte gray Rookwood tiles ca. 1900 surround the firebox (photo 9). Four large walk-up windows with deep, narrow muntins top decorative panels. This room features the higher style wide fireplace is flanked by a closet on one side and a pass through boufat on the other side.
A small leaded glass window lights the boufat. The rear door to the pass through has been elimi- nated to created a small half bath with original ca. 1900 fixtures (VintagePlumbing.com). Crosthwaite photos, 263 Figure 4. Directly across from the south parlor, through the entrance hall, is the north parlor. It represents a mirror image of the south parlor except the chimney piece has fluted details simi- lar to the exterior frame of the front door. The chimney piece is identical to one found in plate 47 (Figure 5) by Asher Ben- Figure 5. Asher Benjamin, plate 47 Figure 3. jamin (photo 11). Interior Description Also seen in other Jeffersonian Classicism buildings, the spacing of the center columns is wider forming a visual frame for the front doorway.
The Greek Revival doorway is surrounded by a full transom and sidelights divided into narrow bands of rectangular panes held in a flutec trim with corner blocks. Original variable width flooring is capped with wide baseboards. The P1. 47. (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State Directly to the rear of the north parlor is the north wing. Consistent with Thomas Jefferson's later building designs, these private spaces have lower eight foot ceilings with low attic rooms stacked above. The north wing consists of two spaces. The first of these spaces features a chimney piece similar to plate LI by Asher Benjamin (Figure 7). Small matte gray Rookwood tiles ca. 1900 surround the firebox.
A built in closet is to the right of the fireplace. The exterior wall of this room features an original window and door with transom which provides access to the enclosed north porch. Another original door and transom provides access into the courtyard space. The woodwork in this room lacks the higher style of the public rooms. Instead of the "walk-up panel" below the window, we find a plain plaster wall. The windows have the same narrow muntins, but the trim is less decorative and lacks corner blocks. This room also features narrow, simple beaded baseboards similar to those found in simple log houses of Ohio (Hutslar, plate 187). Figure 7. Asher Benjamin, plate LI saving staircase tucked in the corner hidden behind a door. Two small steps lead to a door with a spring latch. Through this door, small, diffi- cult-to-climb circular stairs ascend to the attic above.
This space has the original lower style windows, woodwork, and baseboards reserved for private spaces. This space also features an exit to the rear of the dwelling and another into the courtyard area. This space has been divided into two rooms. One room is a full bath with fixtures dating to ca. 1900. The other room is used as a sewing room. The fireplace in the sew- ing room has been closed, but not removed. Stacked above the north wing is the north attic which is completely segregated from a nearly identical south wing attic. This space has low ceilings tucked under the eaves with windows placed at floor level. The original variable width flooring is intact. A simple wooden partition ca. 1900 divided the space into two rooms. This partition was removed in around 1999. Directly to the rear of the south parlor is the south wing.
The south wing con- sists of two spaces with the lower eight foot ceilings and low attic rooms stacked above as seen in the north wing. However, this first space is the dining room and has higher style woodwork, trim and baseboards seen in the front three rooms. The predominant feature of this room is the chimney piece which features two columns with incised echinus. The firebox is surrounded by small square matte green Rookwood tiles ca. 1900. To the left of this fireplace is an original built-in four door cabinet which has two decorative leaded glass doors on top and two paneled doors on the bottom (photo 10). The presence of this cabinet and higher style treatment indicate this room has always been a dining room. The original entrance to the south porch has been replaced with ca. 1900 glass French doors with wide Colonial Revival muntins. Figure 8.
Shewalter, 122 Seven Chimneys To the left of the fireplace is the entrance to the next space. The predominant Jeffersonian Classicism feature of this space is the small space (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio small space saving staircase tucked in the corner and hidden behind a door which provides access to the south attic (photo 14). The basement access is tucked under this staircase. This space has the original lower style windows and trim. According to Howard Ell, chicken supplier for the Colonial Farm Restaurant, the service porch was enclosed and the fireplace was removed in 1943 because additional space was needed for the restaurant's kitchen facilities.
The fireplace was rebuilt and the kitchen facilities were moved to the service porch by the current owner in 1974 (photo 15). Only part of the original low style beaded baseboards remain in this space. The basement consists of only five rooms under the front three rooms plus the dining room and another small room under the front porch. iron bar across the opening and features toothed brickwork along the side (Figure 9). A door that leads directly outside features hand wrought Originally a courtyard, the space between the wings was enclosed by a glass wall and converted to a large Colonial Revival palm court in ca. 1900 (Tilman, 2001; photo 13). This space features a main double door entrance off the entrance hall and four single entrances into the four wing spaces. All entrances retain their original reversed muntin transoms.
The trim around the front double doorway features the same fluting seen on the exterior frame of the front doorway. The predominant feature of this converted space is the massive fireplace flanked by glass bookcases. (photo 12) The firebox is surrounded by matte green Rookwood tiles ca. 1900 (Ellis). Company markings on the back of the tile date them to 1886 or later (Kircher and Agranoff). The room is surrounded by wainscoting that matches the four foot height of the chimney piece. The flooring is constructed of narrow boards with decorative face nailing treatment. Another dominating feature is the large skylight centered over the fireplace (photo 13). It consists of nine large windows each with six panes of glass. Crosthwaite photos, 233 County and State iron latches. Figure 9. Figure 10. Two of these rooms feature small stone lined fireplaces.
Original peg construction can be seen around the chimneys (Figure 10). One has an Section 7 Page 5 To the right of the fireplace is the entrance into the next space. The predominant Jeffersonian Classicism feature of this space is a second (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio Atlas of Butler County, Ohio, 1836 (Shewalter reprint, 1979) James D Conrey (8-86) 160 CONTINUATION SHEET Figure 11. County and State 133 Section 106 $ Jeemiat Day Daniel Br Page John Lot 300 Johr Killer NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Butler County, Ohio County and State List and Revaluation of Real Property for Union Township, Butler County, 1846 Figure 12. ?, William B. (8-86) Spread Eagle Tavern name of property NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State - Window - Porch and Kitchen Book case Window Hdoor HWindow H High Front Porch Figure 13 Skylight Enclosed Courtyard (8-86) fireplace closet door Ground Floor Double doors High Room Stairs Bath Room Low Room china Enclosed Side Porch NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State - Window - Figure 14 Basement (8-86) fireplace Section 7 Page 9 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State Figure 15 chimney Window Second Floor Section (8-86) Page 10 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State The Spread Eagle Tavern, built in 1840 by James D.
Conrey along the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Springfield Turnpike, is eligible under Criterion C because the house is a significant regional example of Federal-Greek Revival architecture exhibiting strong Jeffersonian Classical elements. Furthermore, according to the Ohio Historic Preservation Office inventory files, the Spread Eagle Tavern is the only known expression of this style in Ohio with an original U-shaped floor plan and with the same distinctive Palladian characteristics popularized by Thomas Jefferson in Virginia. Although the side porches were enclosed and the exterior U-shaped courtyard was converted to an interior of architectural integrity and sophistication. characteristics being the dominating full height entry porch with a predominant centered gable end supported by four columns.
Also, the house is built on a tall foundation which further exaggerates the height of the front facade. Finally, the main entry porch is recessed inward or The Spread Eagle Tavern also depicts several Greek Revival style characteristics, including Greek Doric columns, wide entablature with frieze windows, square transom and divided sidelights surrounding the front door detail, and interior details from Greek Revival period pattern books such as Asher Benjamin's. In addition, the house exhibits Palladian design characteristics observed by Thomas Jefferson in France and included in his rebuilding of tiers. Jefferson also designed small private staircases and eliminated grand staircases which he considered a waste of money and space.
It is believed that Spread Eagle Tavern's rural villa plan also exemplifies Roman and Palladian influences on American Mid-Atlantic Architecture popularized by Thomas Jefferson. Not only did Jefferson utilize Palladio's U-shaped "economic layout" for rural villas at Monticello, but he also incorporated the U-shaped plan into the design of the East Lawn at the University of Virginia (Belmont NROHP). Stylistically, Spread Eagle Tavern fits within the context of Federal-Greek Revival country farmhouses in southwest Ohio, while the unique design and plan elements relate to Thomas Jefferson's influence on American Mid-Atlantic architecture and the migration and adaptation of this style with settlers from Virginia across Kentucky and into Ohio.
A group of New Jersey Land speculators headed by John Cleves Symmes purchased 248,000 acres between the Big and Little Miami Rivers of section 14 range 2 town 3 had four owners before Jonathan Conrey. Jonathan Conrey, originally from Monmouth County, New Jersey (Hansen; Payne), moved from Mason County, Kentucky (Turnbull 7-9-99 7:08:51) and purchased 173 acres in Butler County in 1815 (Butler County deed transaction E-235). By 1827 Jonathan had moved on to Franklin County, Indiana (Turnbull 7-9-99 7:08:51) and sold 128 acres to his son James D. Conrey (Butler County Deed Transaction O-160; Butler County Tax Duplicates, 1828-1848). The Revaluation of Real Property for Union Township, Butler County, 1840 (Figure 17), confirms James D. Conrey was building the current brick structure.
The exact text reads "One large new Brick House erecting 12), the brick house pictured at the bend of the pike was valued at $2000, while surrounding brick houses were only valued between $400-$500. The original 1840 and 1846 revaluation books are the only two surviving records for Union Township and are housed in the Butler County Archives in Hamilton. Historical Background portico in antis. Figure 16. The Spread Eagle Tavern depicts 18 of 20 Jeffersonian Classical style and form characteristics identified by Virginia and Lee McAlester in A Field Guide to American Houses. For example, The Spread Eagle Tavern is a single story variation with the most prominent of these Monticello. Examples of these design characteristics combined full height public rooms while low height private rooms were stacked in two known as the Symmes Purchase (Hutslar, p. 28).
Originally part of the Symmes Purchase (Butler County deed transaction 59), the west half not yet finished." According to Revaluation of Real Property in Union Township, 1846 (Figure (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State Historical Background: Transportation The Cincinnati, Lebanon, and Springfield Turnpike was and still is a busy transportation route between Cincinnati and Columbus (Eling, p. 15). Today the Turnpike is known as US Route 42. By 1840 a number of businesses existed in this small hill top community, "the highest in altitude between Cincinnati and Columbus", called Pisgah after Mount Pisgah in the Bible (Shewalter, p. 117). James D.
Conrey took advantage of his location on the Cincinnati, Lebanon, and Springfield Turnpike just north of the Cincinnati, (Hance, p. 3; Shewalter, p. 122-123; Phillips, p. 59; Phillips, List of Taverns). This route ran through Lebanon in Warren County where James D. Conrey's brother John Conrey ran stages out of Lebanon (Conrey; Herrick; Census Records Turtle Creek Township 1860; Census Records Turtle Creek Township, 1870). Historical Background: Methodist Retreat James D. Conrey also used his home as a retreat or "preachers home" (defined in Williams, p. 100) for itinerant Methodist ministers (Morris, 1849, pp. 34-35; Bishop Morris, 1854, p. 228). The Conrey family was profoundly affected by their conversion to Methodism. James D. Conrey (Stewart, p. 165; Morris, 1848, pp. 34-35; Morris, 1854, pp.
228-233; Cincinnati Biographical and Historical Minister) along with other extended family became Methodist ministers and abolitionists (Dunlap, 1999). Historical Background: Underground Railroad James D. Conrey was politically active and was a delegate to the "Federal Convention of Abolitionists" in 1840 (Ohio Statesman, 1840; Cone, p. 102) Evidence supports the oral tradition that Spread Eagle Tavern was a stop on the Underground Railroad (Shewalter, p. 123; Hance, p. 3; Cooper, February 2001; Bryan; Gorsuch; Ell; Prather interview; Joseph; Dygert; Chapter Nine of Uncle Tom's Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe and published in 1852. The Uncle Tom's Cabin tradition has been passed down by owners of the property (Prather interview; Cooper March 2001).
According to Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, chapter nine is a factual account (Stowe, 1853, p.36) involving Harriet's husband Calvin Stowe as Senator Same Bird and John Van Zandt as John Van Trompe. In order to divert suspicion, Calvin Stowe decides Cudjow "must carry me on to the next tavern, to take the stage to Columbus" (Stowe 1852, p. 88). Later in chapter nine, John Van Zandt advised Stowe he would show him a crossroad to a better road and guided his carriage towards a road "...back of his dwelling" (Stowe 1852, p. 93). The only road that meets this description is now called Chester Road (Dunlap 2000). John Van Zandt was a well documented conductor on the Underground Railroad (Siebert 1968, p. 429).
Not only was he expelled from the Sharon Methodist Church for lying about Revaluation of Real Property for activities (Van Zandt; Sharonville 1975; Sharonville, 1938), Union Township, 1840 Van Zandt was arrested in 1842 for helping slaves escape. Van Zandt was tried and unsuccessfully defended by Salmon P. Chase and William H. Seward. The case eventually went to the Figure 17. McBride (8-86) Herberth)andis said tobe the stagecoach stop mentioned in Section tollgate (Figure 12;Figure 17) and opened his home as the Spread Eagle Tavern, a stagecoach stop between Columbus and Souvenir, p. 229), along with his half brother Stephen F. Conrey (Bangs digital edition "C"; Ogden, 806-807) and James D. Conrey's peo. No. 14 1own 3 Rango 2 M.K. 714 35 13.690. son Jonathan Ford Conrey (Bangs digital edition "C"; Sloan, p.
149; Turnbull 7-9-99, 2:36:05 PM; Carter, Circuit Riders; Carter, Page 12 NPS Form 10-900-a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State US Supreme Court in 1846 and was settled after the death of both principals (Stowe 1868, pp. 259-262; History of Springdale; Abbott's History of Ohio; Siebert 1951, pp. 48-49). Further clues to the route used by John Van Zandt come from his son N. L. Van Zandt. In an 1892 letter to Professor Wilbur H. Siebert, Van Zandt describes the next Underground Railroad station location as being "..four miles Zandt entered the turnpike "...just north of the tollgate some two miles north of Sharonville. The tollgate was avoided for obvious reasons. " (Van Zandt).
This tollgate was located within view of the Spread Eagle Tavern on the south border of the property (Figure 12; Figure 17). Spread Eagle Tavern is the only Underground Railroad site and stagecoach tavern that matches these directions given by N. L. Van Zandt. James D. Conrey and John Van Zandt were both from Kentucky. Research has also uncovered connections between John Van Zandt and members of James D. Conrey's family during the period 1838-1842. Both were Methodist ministers and were associated with the Miami Circuit. In addition, while James D. Conrey traveled as an itinerant minister (Carter, Timeline) his family and John Van Zandt attended the same Methodist Church in Sharonville (Sharonville, 1938; Sharonville, 1975; Sharonville, Record of Ministers; White). Furthermore, James D.
Conrey's brother, Peter Conrey and John Van Zandt are both listed on the deed of the church property as trustees (1838 Deed to Sharonville Methodist Church Property). After Anna Conrey's death in 1848 (Spring Grove Cemetery; Morris, 1849, pp. 34-35; Morris, 1854, p. 228), James D. Conrey married Susan D. Howell Bruen in 1850 (Computerized Heritage Association; Census Records of Union Township, 1850; Turnbull 7:08:51). Susan was the widow of Luther Bruen, a well know President of Dayton Abolitionist Society who assisted members of the First Wesleyan Methodist Church with Underground Railroad activities (Conover, pp. 61-62; Drury, p. 166; Edgar, pp. 86-88; Johnson, pp. 10-11, Siebert, 1968, p. 427; Census Records of Montgomery County 1830, p. 157; Census Records of Montgomery County 1840, p. 157). In 1868, Jonathan Ford Conrey, the last Conrey owner, sold 106.89 to Wesley H.
Smith (Butler County Deed Transaction 51-184). Historical Background: Twentieth Century By the turn of the century, the Everson family purchased the farm and converted it to a private home (Shewalter, p. 123). In the 1930s the Closs family used it as their summer home called Shenstone farm (Cincinnati Enquirer, 1936; Cincinnati Times Star, 1936). Except for a brief revival in the 1940s as the Colonial Farm Restaurant (Figure 23; Crosthwaite interview; Scharhag; Bolce; Ell), Spread Eagle served as a home and a community meeting place for graduations, weddings (Figure 18), scout meetings, and Pisgah's business association (Van Skaiks; Crosthwaite interview; Vaught; Bryan), Since that time, the Spread Eagle Tavern has changed ownership several times, but has remained a private residence and mini-farm. The Vaught family has resided on the property since 1974.
Historical Background: Prehistoric Mound Builders Located on the original farm, but not within the nominated property approximately 100 yards northeast across US Route 42 was a Middle height and 35 m in diameter. The mound was revealed during area Colonial Farm Restaurant Interior photo, development and excavated in late 1977 as a salvage project under the 1948 of Millie and George Crosthwaite supervision of University of Cincinnati graduate student Bryan Wedding Reception Featherstone (Manson). Woodland(Hopewellian)burial mound(33BU205)measuring2min OMB No. 1024-0018 Figure 18. Section 8 Page east and up to a station two miles north of Sharonville and back again." (Siebert, 1951, p. 48). Further more, the route used by Van (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio The Spread Eagle Tavern is architecturally significant because stylistically it is a transitional example of a Federal-Greek Revival country farm house in southwest Ohio. In addition, Spread Eagle Tavern's form, design and original U-shaped plan are rare examples of Palladian and Roman influences on American Mid-Atlantic architecture popularized by Thomas Jefferson in Virginia, and the adaptation and migration of the style from Virginia, across Kentucky and into Ohio. While many architecturally significant properties are defined by specific style elements, style elements alone are not enough to understand the significance of Spread Eagle Tavern.
In order to better understand Spread The Spread Eagle Tavern is an example identified as Jeffersonian Classicism (Perry, p. 169). By comparing the following visual examples we find Spread Eagle Tavern's facade shares the same shape, roof line, scale and exaggerated height, horizontal and vertical symmetry, and even side porches with other known Jeffersonian Classicism examples. Figure 20. Belle Grove Homewood. Baltimore Maryland; 1803 (Homewood) (Figure 19) Figure 19. Homewood Belle Grove. Strausburg, Virginia; 1794 (Belle Grove) (Figure 20) Folly. Staunton, Virginia; c. 1818 (McAlester 1984, p.174) (Figure 21) Spread Eagle Tavern. Cincinnati, Ohio Vicinity; 1840 (Figure 22) Figure 21. Folly Figure 22. Spread Eagle Tavern In A Field Guide to American Houses by Virginia and Lee McAlester, we have identified twenty style elements consistent with single story early classical revival houses.
(McAlester 1984, pp. 169-175) At least eighteen of these elements have been identified in Spread Eagle (8), plain entablature (9), seven bay (10)symmetrical arrangement of doors and 6/6 windows (11) and is constructed of brick; the second (13). Consistent with the style, Spread Eagle also lacks wall projections (14), balustrades (15), and dormers (16) often found in other Form (8-86) Architectural Context County and State 19) in a single story form (McAlester 1984,p. Section Eagle Tavern's architectural significance it is necessary to separate its significance into three elements of form, design and floor plan, and Tavern.
In addition to the original four column (1), dominating (2), center gabled (3), full height ( 4) portico in antis (5) and tall foundation (6) mentioned earlier, additional examples of Spread Eagle Tavern's elements include a low-pitched hip roof (7), single story side porches most common material used for this style (12). In addition, the center columns on the front porch are spaced wider apart framing the entrance Style Page 14 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State architectural styles. Spread Eagle Tavern is an isolated example found in an area settled by 1820 (14), and was built before 1850 (17). (McAlester 1984, pp. 169-175).
Although Spread Eagle Tavern also contains four exterior Greek Revival elements such as Greek Doric columns, wide entablature, front doorway detail, and frieze windows, (McAlester 1984, pp. 171) this results from Spread Eagle Tavern being built in a rural area later in the life of the style and because popular architectural ideas move more slowly from urban centers into rural areas (Henry Mace House ca. 1840 Ross Co., Ohio NROHP). However, there is precedent for this transitional mix of styles in Ohio particularly in Butler County (Simmons, p. 20). In the case of the Spread Eagle Tavern, the other 18 identified style elements along with form and design must be considered when classifying Spread Eagle Tavern. Spread Eagle Tavern's columns have been identified as Greek Doric (OHI But-347-14).
In addition, incised echinus ring the top of the large columns on the front of Spread Eagle Tavern. This unusual feature has been repeated on the columns of both side porches and two chimney by Roman Doric or Tuscan columns, on page 169 McAlester states, "later transitional examples may have columns with Greek details" (18). While wide entablatures on the face of buildings are closely identified with Greek Revival style (McAlester 1984, p.179), these entablatures usually found on the face terminate at the corner of the building (Tilman, 2001). An unusual feature, Spread Eagle Tavern's wide entablature (Tilman, 2001), along with the wide entablatures on Jefferson's own Monticello and Bremo, does not terminate but continues around the corner to wrap around the entire building, as seen in other Mid-Atlantic structures.
One local example of this was the John Bennett House (no longer standing), identified by the Ohio Historic Inventory as Jeffersonian Classicism, located on the Harrison Pike in Hamilton County, Ohio, built ca. 1847 (OHI Ham-1448-60). Photos confirm its wide entablature did not terminate, but also wrapped around the building. Thus, the presence of a wide entablature is not enough to classify Spread Eagle Tavern. Another Greek Revival detail of Spread Eagle Tavern is the full square transom and HORH Sharonville. O. divided sidelights in the front doorway. The door and glass are recessed behind the front wall and the window muntins are reversed to the outside "thus creating complex three-dimensional effects" (McAlester 1984, p. 180). Again, this Greek Revival doorway has been found on other buildings classified as Jeffersonian Classicism.
A Wischmeyer, Colonial Farm Restaurant local example of this is again the John Bennett House. Photos of the front doorway of Advertisement ca. 1945 Figure 23. the John Bennett House closely resemble the front door details of Spread Eagle Tavern. Tavern. However, ceiling heights prevented the physical placement of most of these windows. Thus thirteen of these frieze windows were false or blind. Being constructed of simple lattice and dark screen and applied to the surface of the frieze, only two survive. Three more frieze windows were part of the 100 year old renovation. Since the remaining six windows' muntins are shallower than other original windows in the house, it is unclear if these are original or part of the 100 year old renovation.
Not enough information exists about the frieze windows to aid in classifying the style of Spread Eagle Tavern however, it should be noted the John Bennett House also had windows in the frieze. Stylistically, Spread Eagle Tavern has elements consistent with both Jeffersonian (8-86) Colonial Farm Section ( Figure 24. Copper plate ca. 1930 (Prather) Classicism and Greek Revival. All of these elements are important. pieces within the house and establishes all the columns as original (Tilman, 2001). While the majority of Jeffersonian porticos are supported (Figure 24) helped us to identify twenty-two windows in the frieze of Spread Eagle Page 15 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State In dealing with transitional examples, a mixture of style elements can be found locally and nationally. Nationally, Belle Mont in Alabama is an example of Jeffersonian Classicism with some interior detail from pattern books of the 1830s particularly Asher Benjamin (Belmont "Spread Eagle Tavernis atransitional structure that demonstrates how older Roman Revival, so closely identified with the Federal Period, particularly in Virginia, was updated with Greek Revival detailing as promoted by tastemakers such as Asher Benjamin.
This transition occurred at different times in different places, and can even be claimed to have been begun by Jefferson himself with his design for Pavilion X at the University of Virginia" (Tilman, 2002) Locally in southwest Ohio and specifically in Butler County, David Simmons identified four other homes of the same period as Spread Eagle representing 19th century architecture with additional Greek Revival elements (Simmon, p. 5) similar to Spread Eagle Tavern. Most 21). Another element identified by Simmons was a local expression of recessed Greek Revival doorways unique to Butler County (Simmons, p. 5). Simmons attributes the addition of these Greek features to the use of Greek influenced pattern books available to local builders during this time period (Simmons, p. 4).
Simmons also states this unique doorway probably came from Asher Benjamin's handbook The Practical House Carpenter (Simmons, p. 5). As stated in Section 7 of this nomination, we have also identified two Spread Eagle Tavern elements from an Asher Benjamin pattern book. However, Spread Eagle Tavern's form and unique design and plan offer additional dimension to classifying Beyond form and style, the most unique and distinguishing features of the Spread Eagle Tavern are its Roman and Palladian design characteristics and original U-shaped plan. After an exhaustive two year search, very few U-shaped plans in domestic architecture have been found. While it is believed this unique feature is Palladian and influenced Jeffersonian Classicism, only one other U-shaped plan, Belle Mont in Alabama, has been found nationally that closely relates to Spread Eagle Tavern.
While Belle Mont attributes the U-shaped plan to Jefferson and Palladio (Belmont NROHP), too little information is available to link Spread Eagle's U-shaped plan directly to these influences The design of Spread Eagle Tavern has been described as a "rural scene of loveliness" (Morris, 1848; Morris, 1854) and is an example of a Roman rural villa sitting on a point of eminence (Appendix). The overall single story height, proportions and arrangement of Spread Eagle Tavern's interior spaces, along with suppression and stacking the private spaces in two tiers without a central staircase are all consistent with Roman and Palladian influences on Jeffersonian Classicism (Appendix). Spread Eagle Tavern is Rare Spread Eagle Tavern is also architecturally significant because it is a rare example of Jeffersonian Classicism.
According to McAlester, "this is a relatively uncommon style found in isolated examples throughout the areas settle by 1820." (McAlester 1984, p. 170) While Spread Eagle Tavern retains many classical style elements as described by McAlester, experts in Ohio, Kentucky and Virginia have found few examples that combine these style elements with the original U-shaped plan along with the unusual Palladian and Roman design elements found in Jefferson's later designs. We must look nationally to find examples that combine all of these elements. NROHP). Design and Original U-shaped Plan United States Department of the Interior commonly seen were the addition of small porticos; also observed were wide entablature boards with dentils or small windows (Simmons, p. (8-86) Section and may have as much to do with its use as an inn and tavern to maximize cross-ventilation as anything else (Tilman 2002).
Page 16 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio In Ohio, there are no known examples of U-shaped Jeffersonian Classicism style. 1 am having difficulty finding any comparable examples of other antebellum houses in Ohio that resemble the Conrey floor shaped house plan or configuration is rare in Ohio, at least it has been in my experience. Adena, the 1807 house of Thomas Worthington, Chillicothe, has a modified U-Shaped plan, but it too differs from Spread Eagle. (Gordon March 2001 letter) (Lancaster, p. 56), but the floor plan is not closely aligned with Spread Eagle Tavern. White House, located three miles north of Lexington, is addition. Both White Cottage, Lexington (Lancaster, p.
75), and Dolan House in the NW corner of Fayette County (Lancaster, p. 77), are both examples of single story Jeffersonian Classicism architecture with recessed porticos similar to Spread Eagle Tavern, but again, these houses do not share the unusual U-shaped plan. I wouldn't say U-shaped houses are common by any means. I have seen some vernacular examples that became U- shaped through a process of addition rather than initial design, and then a few examples of designed buildings such as Cottage Grove.
(Bill Mcintire, Kentucky Heritage Council, 16 April 2001) The pictures are very small, but from those and your description what it relates to most closely in Kentucky are late Federal Houses of about 1825-30, just before Greek Revival style kind of took over - the tall ceilings, lack of central staircase, etc., are comparable to several buildings you could look at in Clay Lancaster's Antebellum Architecture of Kentucky which he describes as "geometric" and "classical phase" Federal houses. I have run into several Federal houses that have unusual plans - U-shaped or H-shaped (like Cottage Grove, shown on p 125 of Lancaster, which has an H-shaped plan). Another house that comes to mind is Woodlawn in Madison County - not H or U shaped, but with no grand stair originally, very tall ceilings, etc.
(Bill McIntire, Kentucky Heritage Council, 13 April 2001) In Virginia, there exist numerous examples resembling Spread Eagle Tavern. Most examples of single story Jeffersonian Classicism "Of all the houses in the Jefferson tradition, not even excepting Monticello, it is Bremo which makes the deepest impression of artistic perfection. Monticello we see drastically remodeled after a change of conception. Bremo has the inevitability of a single ordered creation" (Guinness and Sadler, p. 172). While all of these are single story examples and closely resemble the Spread Eagle Tavern in form and style, only two, Monticello and Bremo, have a U-shaped plan and unique Palladian and Roman design characteristics (Bremo 1820; NROHP Form 1969).
However, Spread Eagle Tavern's U-shaped plan is far removed from these examples because the spaces in the arms of the U are utilized as principal rooms instead of reserved for service functions and were not connected to the main block by hyphens in true Jefferson-era form. Furthermore, Spread Eagle's service spaces were located in separate outbuildings in the tradition of other Mid-Atlantic buildings in the South (Tilman, 2002). Nationally, the only examples found of Jeffersonian Classicism that share the U-shaped plan with principal rooms in the arms of the U and separate service related buildings are Spread Eagle Tavern in Ohio and Belle Mont in Alabama. Belle Mont attributes the U-shaped design to Palladio as popularized by Thomas Jefferson (Belle Mont NROHP).
However, it should be noted that both Spread Eagle Tavern and Belle Mont were built much later than the Jefferson-era examples listed. No evidence has been found to link these two structures. (8-86) County and State Section In Kentucky, no examples have been found that share the same form, style and design and plan with Spread Eagle Tavern. However, Spread In Kentucky, Latrobe designed low disposed U-Shaped wing additions to Henry Clay's Ashland forming a seven part composition an example of "single-storied cottages" (Lancaster, p. 45) found in Fayette County, but the U-shaped wings were part of a later architecture are in Southern states particularly Virginia (McAlester 1984, p. 170). Four examples of these are Monticello; Belle Grove (1794), Strasburg, Flevanna County; Folly (c. 1818), Staunton; and Bremo (c. 1819), (McAlester 1984, p. 174).
According to Fiske Kimball Page 17 Eagle Tavern's form and style most closely resembles the single story houses in"cottage form"of the"geometric"and"classical phase."In United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State Clay Lancaster attributes early settlement of Kentucky, particularly Fayette County, to "extensive land grants" given for military service. debarkation port for settlers arriving by river from the seaboard states and north-northwest of Cumberland Gap, the chief southern pass through the Allegheny Mountain Range" (Lancaster, pxi). Many examples of Jeffersonian Classicism in Kentucky are in Fayette County and Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia (Hutlsar, pp. 418-419). Marshall B.
Davidson acknowledges migration down the Ohio River influenced Cincinnati's architecture. Davidson describes the Taft house in Cincinnati "as a refinement of the Federal style as it was developed slightly earlier in Virginia and Maryland." (Davidson, pp. 154-155). In addition, "there are several documented cases of craftsmen associated with the construction of Jeffersonian projects later working in the Greek Revival mode in the Appalachian valleys and into Kentucky" (Tilman, 2002). Jonathan Conrey's wife was Nancy Downing. Her family was from Maryland, but her family was living in western Virginia when she County, Kentucky where she married Jonathan Conrey in 1789 (Downing). Jonathan Conrey's brother John was a Revolutionary War soldier that also followed those early migration routes out of Virginia to Kentucky in 1790 and into Clermont County, Ohio.
Records show Jonathan's son John also followed his uncle John and settled with him in Clermont County, Ohio (McDowell Publications, p. 338, p.198) While it is believed Jonathan followed his brother to Virginia and later to Kentucky and Ohio, no documentation has been found. The census of Kentucky shows John Conrey living in Fayette County in 1810. Marriage records confirm Jonathan and Nancy were living in Mason County, Kentucky in 1789 (Marriages: Mason County, KY ; Wood). James D. and his siblings were born in Mason County, Kentucky (Turnbull 7-9-99). Maysville is located in Mason County, Kentucky. Census records confirm Jonathan was living in Butler County by 1820 (Census Records of Liberty Township, 1820).
Historic Integrity The integrity of the setting of the Spread Eagle has been compromised by the migration of Cincinnati's population from the city to urban (Shewalter, p.117) and a few rural farm residences (Figure 12) . While today finds this part of Route 42 still zoned agriculture (Cox), farms have given way to agricultural and neighborhood businesses and subdivisions of homes. Busy intersections that cross Route 42 are now fully devoted to small businesses. Although Spread Eagle is now less than two acres, the family still operates a mini farm and raises small stock and crops for food (Vaught). Reviewing the copper plate (Figure 24) reveals the exterior appearance of Spread Eagle has changed very little. According to the current owner, Roy C. Vaught, the extremely unstable and chipped lead based exterior paint was removed in 1975 for health reasons.
While much of the work was completed by hand, established techniques of the time required sandblasting of difficult areas. While the face of the brick does have a scoured appearance, no tool marks are evident. The process was well done and did not alter the shape of the brick (Tilman, 2001). Mr. Vaught further states the "original shake shingle roof is still intact, but is covered by a mixture of materials including standing seam metal, rubber, and asphalt" (Vaught). The owner is currently working on restoration plans for the original shake shingle roof. porches were enclosed with glass in a Colonial Revival style (Tilman, 2001). The enclosing of the courtyard formed a massive 18x32 foot wainscoting surrounds the walls.
Two windows between the entrance hall and the living room were also converted into built-in glass century and adds to the architectural significance of the property (Tilman, 2001). The conversion of the courtyard eliminated the need for two pass through boufats in the front parlors. One door in each boufat was eliminated and these spaces were converted to half baths and have the original fixtures dating to ca. 1900. One rear room has been converted to a full bath and also has fixtures dating to ca. 1900. Some time after (8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 Migration of Style NPS Form 10-900-a Section 8 Page 18 support the concept that architectural style followed the early migration routes out of Virginia. The major migration into Ohio came from While the major design and style elements are still intact, about 100 years ago the courtyard formed by the U- shaped design and the side was born in 1772.
Her family followed the early migration routes from Virginia to western Pennsylvania and eventually westward to Mason communities. The setting for the Spread Eagle has always been located on a busy transportation route surrounded by a few businesses living room. The ceiling now features a large skylight over an expansive Rookwood tile fireplace flanked by glass bookcases. Four foot high bookcases. The converted courtyard space is an outstanding example of the Colonial Revival palm courts popular at the turn of the 20th NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State the palm court was added, a small rear service porch was enclosed on the rear of the house removing one of the fireplaces. According to Mr.
Vaught the fireplace was rebuilt and the service porch has housed the modern kitchen facilities since 1974. The 1974 kitchen cooking In August 2002, a minor house fire began in the main mechanical room in the basement. While all mechanical systems and part of the wood flooring and woodwork in the room directly above the fire were damaged, the house fire was quickly contained by the fire department and the damage was minimal. Original historical elements are currently being repaired. These changes do not alter the basic shape of the house. The U-shaped floor plan and roof shape remain the same. The distinctive interior Jeffersonian Classicism design elements have not been changed. Spread Eagle was built in 1840 (Figure 17). While 1830 is usually considered the end of Early Classical Revival phase, isolated construction continued until 1850 (McAlester and McAlester 1984).
Three late examples of Jeffersonian Classicism have been found. Locally, the John Bennett House in Hamilton County, Ohio was built in the Jeffersonian style ca. 1847 (OHI Ham-1448-60, demolished). In American Historic Neighborhood and Museum Houses written by Virginia and Lee McAlester 1998, page 494 identifies the Murrell Home as an Early Classical Revival House built in Oklahoma in 1844. Also, the Kintner-Withers house near Laconial, Indiana, 1837 is another example (Whiffen p. 34). Spread Eagle fits within the period of significance as defined by the McAlesters. Figure 25. Edeena Vaught Acrylic, c. 1980 (8-86) Period of Significance Section 8 Page facilities were removed in September 2002. This space is currently being restored to a ca. 1900 appearance. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern Butler County, Ohio County and State 1838 Deed for the Sharonville Methodist Church Property. Photo copy in possession of the Sharonville United Methodist Church, March ?, William B. List and Revaluation of Real Property in the Township of Union, Butler County, State of Ohio. 1846. in possession of the But- ler County Archives, Hamilton, Ohio, May 2001. Abbott's History of Ohio Chapter XLII Lives of the Governors - Continued Hudson County, Ohio Biographies Project Accessed 15 November, 2002. Available from http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~usbios/Ohio/ Alabama Historic Commission. Belle Mont. Accessed 5 February 2000. Available from http://www.preserveala.org/sites/sites-belle.html. Bangs, Nathan. A History of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
3rd. Published by T. Mason and G. Lane for the Methodist Episcopal church, 1839. Accessed 9 July 1999. Available from http://www.ccel.org/b/bangs/history_mec/HMEC34.HTM#C. Belle Grove: National Trust Historic Sites. National Trust for Historic Preservation, Accessed 16 June 2001. Available from http://www. Belmont National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form. Alabama Historic Commission. Benjamin, Asher. Practice of Architecture ; and, The Builder's Guide : Two Pattern Books of American Classical Architecture. Ist Da Capo Press ed. New York: Da Capo Press, 1994. ington, Indiana. Accessed. Available from http://searches1.rootsweb.com/usgenweb/archives/oh/oh-footsteps/1999/june/V99-376.txt. Bolce II.,Louis H. Telephone Interview with Former Owner by Edeena Jill Dunlap.
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in possession of the Butler County Archives, Hamilton, Ohio, May 2001. to_do/homewood/. ruary 2000. Manson, Joni."Correspondence Regarding Indian Mound, Ohio Archeological Inventory 33 Bu 205." In personal e-mail to author,10 Feb- 1986. Section 9 from http://searches1.rootsweb.com/usgenweb/archives/ky/mason/marriages/marr003.txt. Hance, Roy E. Pisgah: A Personal Historical Account by Roy E. Hance, Life Resident. C. 1949. Copies in possession of Edeena Jill Dunlap, press Cambridge, Accessed 4 February 2001. Available from http://www.village.virginia.edu/wilson/TJA/tja.body6.html. Page 23 (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State McDowell Publications (Utica Ky.).
History of Clermont County, Ohio : With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers. Utica, KY (Rt. 4, Box 314, Utica 42376): McDowell Publications, 1985. Morris, Bishop. "Country Funeral" in the Ladies Repository. Making of America Digital Library, University of Michigan, 2 February 2001. Morris, Thomas A. Miscellany: Consisting of Essays, Biographical Sketches and Notes of Travel. Cincinnati,: Published by L. Swormstedt & A. Poe for the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1854. County; Its Cities, Towns, Etc. Chicago,: W. H. Beers & co., 1881. Ohio Historic Inventory, But-347-14. 1981. Ohio Historic Inventory, Ham-1448-60. 1988. Ohio Statesman. "Federal Convention of Abolitionist, Bankers, and Office Holders. 25 February 1840". Columbus: in possession of Ohio Historical Society, Archives/Library Division, 20 January 1999. Perry, Dick.
"Mystery House Riddles Are Being Traced." The Cincinnati Post, 28 April 1977, 19. Phillips, Hazel Spencer. "List of Taverns." In Inns and Taverns File: in possession of Warren County Historical Society Museum, Lebanon, Phillips, Hazel Spencer. The Golden Lamb. Ninth ed. Oxford, Ohio,: Oxford Press, 1973. Prather, Earl. Copper Plate, C. 1930. Cincinnati vicinity: in possession of Roy C. Vaught, July 2001. Prather, Earl. Interview by Edeena and Roy C. Vaught. January 1975. Scharhag, Robert. Telephone Interview with Nephew of Former Owners Clemons and Marion Scharhag by Edeena Jill Dunlap. for Butler County Railroad Association, April 1997. Sharonville Methodist Church. Record of Ministers, C. 1938. in possession of Sharonville United Methodist Church, March 2001. Sharonville Methodist Episcopal Church. History of the Sharonville Methodist Church 1838-1938, C. 1938.
in possession of Sharonville United Methodist Church, March 2001. Sharonville United Methodist Church. History of the Sharonville United Methodist Church 1805-1975. C. 1975. in possession of the Sharon- ville United Methodist Church, March 2001. 1961. sid=9abce427dd753fa97888a8558c0c35cd;q1=country%20funeral;citelrestrict=title;cite2restrict=title;cite3restrict=title;rgn=full1%20text; firstpubl1=1830;firstpubl2=1902;idno=acg2248.1-09.002;view=image;seq=0042 Section. 9 Nichols, Frederick Doveton, Thomas Jefferson's Architectural Drawings . Rev. and enl. 2d ed. Boston,: Massachusetts Historical Society, Ogden, John W., and Beers W. H. & co. pub. [from old catalog]. The History of Champaign County, Ohio, Containing a History of the Accessed 16 July 1999. Available from http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moajrnl;cc=moajrnl; Payne, Albert E. Conrey Query Document # 187.000.
Db Aep. Yates Publishing, 17 September 1996. Accessed 9 July 1999. Available from (8-86) Page 24 http://cgi.aros.net/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/sanbachs/nfCDIL01.pl. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State Siebert, Wilbur Henry. The Mysteries of Ohio's Underground Railroads. Columbus, Ohio,: Long's College Book Co., 1951. Siebert, Wilbur Henry. The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom The American Negro, His History and Literature. New York,: Macmillan, 1968. Siebert, Wilbur Henry, and Arthur W. McGraw. "Ohio's Underground Trails." Ohio?: A.W. McGraw, 1993. Simmons, David. "Greek Revival Architecture in the Domestic Structures of Butler, Preble and Warren County, Ohio". May 20, 1975.
Paper Sloan, Mary Rahn. The History of Camp Dennison, Ohio, 1796-1956. Rev. ed. Cincinnati?: M. L. Jordan, 1987. Spring Grove Cemetery. "Annie L. Conrey."In Spring Grove Cemetery Micro Fiche Records, C. Located in the Spring Grove Cemetery Of- fice, Cincinnati. Stewart, John. Highways and Hedges. Cincinnati, New York,: Hitchcock and Walden; Carlton and Lanahan, 1870. Stowe, Harriet Beecher, and John Davis Batchelder Collection (Library of Congress). The Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin; Presenting the Origi- nal Facts and Documents Upon Which the Story Is Founded. Together with Corroborative Statements Verifying the Truth of the Work. Clarke Beeton etc., 1853. Accessed 16 June 2000. Available from http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/utc/uncletom/key/keyl5t.html. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Men of our times; or, Leading patriots of the day.
Hartford, Conn., Hartford publishing co.; New York, 1868 Ac- cessed 15 November, 2002. Available from http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx? The Van Zandts in America. Accessed 15 November, 2002. Available from http://home.pacifier.com/~vansandt/john.html. Interior Design, University of Cincinnati, 7 May 2001. Tilman, Dr. Jeffrey T. "Letter from Assistant Professor-Historic Preservation, School of Architecture and Interior Design, University of Cincinnati." In personal communication to Steve Gordon, Survey and National Register Manager, Ohio Historical Society, 29 November Tunbull, Sharon. "Information from Conrey Family Historian's Records 7-9-99 7:08:51 Pm." In personal e-mail to author, 9 July 1999. Turnbull, Sharon. "Information from Conrey Family Historian's Records 7-9-99 2:36:05 Pm." In personal e-mail to author, 9 July 1999. Van Skaiks, Ken.
Interview with Long time area Resident by Edeena Jill Vaught Dunlap. For Butler County Underground Railroad Associa- tion, Friends of Freedom Society/Ohio Underground Railroad Association, October 2002. Van Zandt, N. L.. "John Van Zandt's Station, 12 March 1893." Wilbur Siebert Manuscript Collection (MSS 116), Box 105. hor&cite2=&cite2restrict=title&cite3=&cite3restrict=title&firstpubll=1800&firstpubl2=1925&submit=Submit+search type=simple&c=moa&cc=moa&sid=cf16cb3563810ae7b6fb0d90d7cc8f49&rgn=full+text&q1=van+zandt+&cite1=stowe&cite1restrict=aut Vaught, Edeena."Spread Eagle Tavern in Acrylic. C. 1980." Cincinnati vicinity: in the private collection of Roy C., Vaught, July 2001. 2002. in possession of OHPO. (8-86) Shewalter, Virginia, and Bicentennial Committee of Union Township. A History of Union Township, Butler County, Ohio. s.l.: s.n., 1979. Stowe, Harriet Beecher.
Uncle Tom's Cabin, or, Life among the Lowly. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest, 1991. Tilman, Dr. Jeffrey T. Interview and Field Visit by Dr. Jeff Tilman. Assistant Professor-Historic Preservation, School of Architecture and NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio County and State Vaught, Roy C.Interview with Current Owner by Edeena Jill Dunlap. for Butler County Railroad Association and Friends of Freedom Society / Ohio Underground Railroad Association, March 2001. VintagePlumbing.com. Super Rare and Catalogues. Accessed 15 November, 2002. Available from White, Levi. Red Book of the Miami Circuit, 1842, an Exact Copy C. 1938. in possession of Sharonville United Methodist Church, March Wiffen, Marcus.
American Architecture Since 1780. Cambridge, Mass., London, England,: MIT Press; Revised Edition, 1992. Williams, Samuel Wesley. Pictures of Early Methodism in Ohio. Cincinnati, New York,: Jennings and Graham; Eaton and Maines, 1909. Wischmeyer, Louis. "Colonial Farm Advertisement, C. 1945." in possession of Edeena Jill Dunlap, July 2001. Woods, Reverend William. "Returns of ministers' marriages Mason County, Kentucky" USGENWEB Alchives. Accessed 5 July 1999. Avail- able from http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/ World Heritage List Nomination: Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville No. 442. 10 August 1994. Accessed. Available 2001. (8-86) http://vintageplumbing.com/generic7.html. Section 9 from http://www.cr.nps.gov/worldheritage/us-jef.htm. Page 26 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Spread Eagle Tavern Butler County, Ohio Verbal Boundary Description The nominated property is a rectangular parcel (see below), located in the Cox Survey and described in Deed Book 1166, Page 181. Verbal Boundary Justification The nominated property includes that portion of the parcel historically associated with the Spread Eagle Tavern, meathouse and adjoining chicken coop foundations as well as the hand dug well and well house foundation. The site also includes three non-contributing structures including a second house, storage shed and pole building. A. Spread Eagle Tavern (contributing) Cox Survey B. Meat house (contributing) C. Hand dug well and well house foundation D. Pole Building (non-contributing) E. Storage Shed (non-contributing) Y 1.65 F.
House (non-contributing) G. Existing Concrete Foundation Butler County GIS Map C BGA LAT IS BASED TY DIRECTION. Figure 26 DATE 1.42 EASEMENT DRIVEWAY 3.3-98 Page 27 County and State Figure 27 name of property CORNER BILLY F. 1166 PG. 100.00 415.68 (8-86) ACRES RICHARD DOES BRANDENBURG DUND S411200"W NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio For all photos the following information is the same: Photo by : Edeena Jill Vaught Dunlap 10 September 2001 Dunlap Research Collection 1249 Eifel Cove South and east elevation, looking north East and North elevation, looking west Front door detail, looking west Spline and groove detail of front porch, looking west West elevation (rear), looking east South elevation, looking north Meat house north and east elevation, looking west South parlor chimney piece detail, looking west Dining room chimney piece detail and built in cabinet, looking west Palm court chimney piece detail, looking north Palm court entrance, sky light, and glass wall, looking west South attic stair door detail, looking east Kitchen chimney detail, looking west 45118 Date: (8-86) Fayetteville, Ohio Location of Negatives County and State Section Photos Page 28 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio For all photos the following information is the same: Photo by : Edeena Jill Vaught Dunlap 5 March 2003 1249 Eifel Cove Three noncontributing structures, south elevation looking north East elevation looking west Meat house north and east elevation, looking west 45118 Date: County and State Fayetteville, Ohio Section Photos Page 29 CONTINUATION SHEET Location of Negatives Dunlap Research Collection (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Appendix Page 30 Spread Eagle Tavern name of property Butler County, Ohio Beyond form and style, the most unique and distinguishing features of the Spread Eagle Tavern are the Roman and Palladian design charac- teristics and the original U-shaped plan. It is believed the design and plan were influenced by Jeffersonian Classicism. Thomas Jefferson was profoundly influenced by Roman, Palladian, and French architecture but combined them in a form that was uniquely American (World Heri- examine them separately. Thomas Jefferson was influenced by Roman architecture, the philosophy of democracy and lifestyle. Out of this, Jefferson pat- terned Monticello after the rural villas of Rome. Monticello became Thomas Jefferson's expression of a rural country farm.
Spread Eagle Tavern too has been described as a "rural scene of loveliness" (Morris, 1848; Morris, 1854) and is an example of a rural villa. Jefferson's experience in Paris "demonstrated to him that the Neoclassical pavilion in a romantic landscape had the potential to serve as the ideal fabric of a civilized agrarian democracy. " His embrace of classical ideals influenced his choice of an environment for living. He equated the lifestyles of the Romans with those of the Revolutionary War's leaders. Learned men of ancient Rome, such as Cicero, Varro, Horace, and Pliny, lived on farms in the country, as contrasted with the Greeks who thrived on urban life. As created by Jefferson, life at Monticello was similar to that of pleasures of the bucolic grounds. However, Monticello's floor plan was more informal than that of the typical Roman villa or neoclassical structure.
In designing his house, Jefferson was as motivated to recreate a neoclassical monument as he was to provide for convenience of living. The house as completed represents his reconciliation of convenience with classical forms. (World Heritage Nomination) According to Thomas Jefferson "Palladio was the Bible" (Cocke Papers, No. 640, Box 21). Jefferson borrowed the U-shaped plan from Palladio. Mon- ticello's wings "...have almost exactly the arrange- ment of the wings in Palladio's Plate 41, Book 2, from which Jefferson had taken the idea for Number tional Register and is Alabama's best example of Jeffersonian Classicism (Alabama Historic Commis- sion).
Belle Mont's U-shaped plan resembles Spread Eagle Tavern's plan more closely than any other found (Figure 6) and Belle Mont attributes this plan directly to Thomas Jefferson and Palladio as an "economic layout for rural villas" (Belmont NROHP). Like Monticello, Bremo (Guinness and Sadler, p. 65) (Bremo NROHP) and Belle Mont (Belmont NROHP), Spread Eagle Tavern has a U- shaped plan and sits on a point of eminence atop Figure 6. Belle Mont's U-shaped floor plan, Mount Pisgah.
Alabama Historic Commission (8-86) Roman Influence Palladian Influences County and State 11.."(Kimball, p.31-32).Belle Mont is on the Na- NPS Form 10-900-a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Appendix Page 31 Spread Eagle Tavern Butler County, Ohio County and State Brandon, as at Battersea - - the other Virginia house which perhaps most closely resembles Belle Mont, the central phens. At Belmont on the other hand, the needed space which such a contiguous units afford was secured by extending the great stair hall - salon. This U-shaped arrangement again finds precedent in Palladio, who recommended such an "economic layout" for rural villas. Jefferson's final design for Monticello implemented this concept, as did his plan for the east lawn of the University of Virginia.
In addition, preserved among Jefferson's architectural sketches in the Coo- lidge Collection at Harvard are several unidentified schemes utilizing the same arrangement. One of these, Number 231 in Fiske Kimball's annotated list of Jefferson drawings, correlates particularly to the layout followed at Belmont. In the case of the Alabama house, the U-shaped disposition may have been dictated by the constricted site, on a high steep knoll. (This commanding situation itself recalls another of Jefferson's dictums: that a residence be placed on an eminence whenever possible.
From its hilltop location, Belmont overlooks a panoramic sweep of cottonlands spread- ing north toward the Tennessee River, while behind the house rises...) (Belmont NROHP Item 8, 1-2) Thomas Jefferson's later designs were so influenced by Palladian influences on French design that he was no longer satisfied built Monticello. Because Thomas Jefferson's exposure to French design came later, these unusual features are rarely found in In the new French buildings, Jefferson observed: "All the new and good houses are of a single story --that is of the height of 16 or 18 feet generally, and the whole of it given to rooms of entertainment; but in the part where there are bedrooms they have two tiers of them from 8 to 10 feet high each, with a small private staircase.
By this means great staircases are avoided, which are expensive and occupy a space which would make a good room in every story." (Nichols, p. 6) We find all these unusual Palladian qualities included in the design of Spread Eagle Tavern. Thomas Jefferson's own words are an exact de- scription of Spread Eagle Tavern's design. French Influence American homes. OMB No. 1024-0018 name of property unit and its wings became the axial point of a traditional five-part arrangement with end-pavilions and connecting hy- with Monticello (World Heritage Nomination; Nichols, p. 6).
Upon his return from France, he completely redesigned and re- the wings in parallel fashion to the rear--thereby forming a terraced courtyard, embraced by loggia, directly behind (8-86) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NAME : DATE OF 45TH DAY: OTHER : N PDIL: N PERIOD: N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N TELEPHONE 10/30/03 DATE RETURN 9/15/03 10/22/03 MULTIPLE DISCIPLINE REJECT REVIEWER RECOM./CRITERIA DATE RECEIVED: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REASONS FOR REVIEW: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: DATE OF 16TH DAY: Spread Eagle Tavern--Conrey, James D., House APPEAL: N N SLR DRAFT: N STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Butler PROPERTY ACCEPT NATIONAL: LESS THAN 5O YEARS: 3of18 Butler Co. Ohco Butler Co. ahio Spread Eagk Butler C.
Ohio Butler Co., OH UNITED STATES GLENDALE, OHIO DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CLENDALE QUADRANGLE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) ROAD CLASSIFICATION
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