Nomination for Unit III, Dayton Project

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Unit III, Dayton Project 2. Location street & number 1601 West First Street IN/A] not for publication 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination -request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the Department Head, Inventory & Registration Signature of certitying official/Title Ohio Historic Preservation Office, Ohio Historical Society State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property meets - does not meet the National Register criteria.

(- See continuation sheet for additional comments.) 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that the property is: V entered in the National Register - See continuation sheet. - determined not eligible for the - removed from the National Register - other, explain Date National Register of Historic Places city or town Dayton Registration Form other names/site number Bonebrake Theological Seminary; Union Biblical Seminary National Register state Ohio RECEIVED 2280 my opinion, the property x meets does not meet the National Register criteria.I recommend that this property be [N/A] vicinity 480 April 21, 200lp code OH county _ code 113 zip code 45402 Date of Action National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In considered significant nationally X statewide - locally.

(L See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Montgomery Unit III, Dayton Project Montgomery County, Ohio Name of Property 5. Classification Ownership of Property Number of Resources within Property Check only one box [ ]private [X] building(s) [X] public-local [ ]district [ ]public-State [ ] site [ ] public-Federal [ ] structure Name of related multiple property listing. Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register. 6. Function or Use Historic Function Current Functions Defense (Research Facility) Education (Warehouse) Education (College) 7.

Description Concrete Brick Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) foundation other roof Concrete County/State Total Asphalt Materials Category of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) Architectural Classification []object (Enter categories from instructions) No Style walls (Do not count previousy listed resources.) (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) Noncontributing NPS Form 10-900a (Rev. 8/86) OMB No.

1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Park Service Unit III, Dayton Project Montgomery County, Ohio Monsanto officials operated Unit III of the Dayton Project at the former Bonebrake Theological Seminary property, a 1.38-acre (0.56 ha) site in a residential section of west Dayton between Edison Street on the north, North Euclid Avenue on the east, Como Lane on the west, and West First Street on the south. In 2005, this site, developed by the Church of the United Brethren in Christ during the last decades of the nineteenth century, consisted of six buildings contributing to its tower on its east side, to house Union Biblical Seminary.

Designed by architect Luther Peters, the new seminary stood in a residential area on a lot at1601 West First Street donated by John Kemp, the seminary's business agent and Ann Kemp, his wife, in 1876. Renamed Bonebrake Theological Seminary after J.M. Bonebrake donated 3,840 acres (1,408 ha)of land in Kansas valued at $86,400 to the seminary's endowment in 1909, this building, built in the Romanesque style, served as a United Brethren seminary until 1923. It contained a chapel, library, four classrooms, an office area, and in the Dayton View neighborhood.' Photographs 1 and 2 show the main seminary building at unspecified times during the late nineteenth century. The Dayton Board of Education purchased the old Bonebrake Seminary property shortly after the Seminary moved.

In 1924, the former seminary building reopened as the Dayton Normal and Training School, training young women for careers as teachers. The school changed its name twice over the next decade, first to Grace A. Greene Normal School in 1927 and then to Girl's Prevocational School in 1933. After 1933, the Board of Education ceased holding classes at the former seminary and instead used the property for maintenance storage. City directories show the site as vacant from 1934 to 1939 and ignore it entirely between 1940 and 1943.2 Photograph 3 shows the building's condition in the early 1940s, prior to its rehabilitation by Monsanto.

With the entry of the United States into the Second World War in 1941 and the creation of the Manhattan Project in 1942, the unkempt former seminary building ceased to be Board of Education director of chemistry for the Manhattan Project, wanted to coordinate research into the refinement of polonium at Dayton and needed space in which to conduct this research. Dayton Project officials repaired the main seminary building and eventually built several smaller one-storey concrete block/concrete floor outbuildings with steel posts and beams to house a machine shop, laundry facility, boiler house, laboratories, locker rooms, and a cafeteria and purchasing offices. Administrative offices and other laboratories were located in the main seminary building.

Six of the concrete block buildings - facilities that held the machine shop, boiler house, laundry, cafeteria, locker rooms, and laboratories, remain today, as does a guardhouse and the chain-link fence with which Dayton Project officials encircled the property; chalkboards in several of the buildings and a wooden cabinet in the A building may also be remnants of the Dayton Project. Photograph 4 shows the site during its use by Monsanto, with guardhouse G and buildings A and B visible in front of the Education in 1948, and the Board razed the main seminary building after 1955. It used the remaining DESCRIPTION significance for listing on the National Register of Historic Places and one non-contributing building.

In 1879, the Church of the United Brethren in Christ spent approximately $10,000 to build a storage.In 1943, Charles Thomas, the director of central research for the Monsanto Company and Dayton Project buildings as a facility for its maintenance operations. former seminary building. Manhattan Project officials returned the property to the Board of three-storey brick building with a full basement on a granite foundation, and with a four-storey stair sixteen dormitory rooms. In 1923, the United Brethren opened a larger campus a short distance away OMB No.

1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Park Service Unit III, Dayton Project Montgomery County, Ohio The structures remaining on the site in 2005 include most of the laboratory buildings where 1946), include: - A (Purchasing, Safety/Security, Cafeteria): This 1944 one-storey structure, sixty-five space), is a rectangular, reinforced concrete-block building with a concrete floor and steel frame. During the Dayton Project era, it contained five interior rooms (as shown building B to its west, and the central seminary building (building M, no longer standing) to its north by covered walkways (none of which remain on site). It has a flat roof. Its interior is likely altered from its 1943-1948 usage (of which no known original to the building.

Photographs 4 (bottom center mid-ground), 9(bottom left), 13- 14, 17-20, 52(center foreground), 53 (left foreground). Building 6 on map. B (Locker Rooms/Janitorial/Laboratories): This 1944 one-storey structure, 106.25 feet rectangular, reinforced concrete-block building with a concrete floor and steel frame. During the Dayton Project era, it contained 15 interior rooms of various sizes (as shown on map A) and was connected to buildings A, M, and D (Laundry/Decontamination) by a covered walkway (not extant) and to building C (Laboratories) by an exposed walkway. It has a flat roof.

Its interior is likely altered from its 1943-1948 usage (of which no known photographs exist), though photograph 21 shows a chalkboard likely dating to the Dayton Project, photograph 23 shows a lavatory facility with fixtures dating to the Dayton Project, and photograph 25 shows the shadow of a Dayton Project-era vent hood. Photographs 10, 12 (foreground), 21- 25, 51 (middle), 52 (middle). Building 5 on map. - C (Laboratories): This 1944 one-storey structure, sixty by thirty-nine feet (18.2m by 11.9m), with 2,340 square feet (217.4m') of interior space held five laboratories and a support area in its six rooms during the Dayton Project era. It is a rectangular, reinforced concrete-block structure with a concrete floor and steel frame connected via rises approximately one-half storey in the building's southeast to provide raised, ventable ceilings for some of the project laboratories.

The interior is altered from its 1943-1948 usage (of which no known photographs exist). The corridor in photograph 30 is original; photograph 32 shows the shadow of a Dayton Project-era chalkboard, 33 depicts a partially-removed Dayton Project-era interior wall.

Photographs 12 (rear), reinforced concrete-block structure with a concrete floor and steel frame that contained the Unit Ill laundry, a glass-blowing shop, and a decontamination facility in its nine D (Laundry/Decontamination): This 1944 one-storey structure, roughly 43.75 feet by buildings for machining equipment, blowing glass, and ensuring site security and safety.These by thirty-nine feet (19m by 11.9m), with 2,535 square feet (235.5 m²) of interior Monsanto employees conducted experiments into the refinement of polonium, as well as support photographs exist),though photograph 20 shows a built-in cabinet that might be 62.5feet/13.3m by19.1m(with 2,734ft²/254m²of interior space)is an irregular by40.625feet/32.4m by12.4m(with 4,316.4ft²/401m²of interior space),is a NPS Form 10-900a (Rev.

8/86) remaining structures, as marked on accompanying map C (which depicts the site in September of while photograph 34 shows original ventilation ductwork. The left area of photograph 26-34, 50 front), 51 (front), 52 (left background). Building 4 on map. exposed walkways to buildings B and D.While most of the building's roof is flat, it OMB No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Park Service Unit III, Dayton Project Montgomery County, Ohio rooms. It was connected to buildings B and M by a covered walkway (not extant) and to buildings C and E (the machine shop) by an exposed walkway. It has a flat roof. No known interior photographs from the Dayton Project era exist. Photographs 36 and 37 - E (Machine Shop): This irregularly shaped 1944 one-storey structure (with 4,774 concrete floor and steel frame.

During the Dayton Project era, it contained the unit's building E from the Dayton Project era exist. Photograph 43 shows electrical boxes in (background), 40-44, 48 (corner), 49 (right foreground), 50 (left background). - G (Boiler House): This 1944 one-storey rectangular, reinforced concrete-block interior space) with a concrete floor and steel frame housed the Unit III heating and cooling system and an acid storage room. Exposed walkways connected it to buildings 1948 exist. Photograph G shows a light fixture original to the building; the Dayton Project-era laboratory Quonset hut concrete foundation (the site of building L) to the east of building A and the site of building M. Monsanto removed building L at some point between 1946 and 1949. Remnants of the tile floor and the foundation of the south guardhouse on West First Street (building map. Building 2 on map.

square feet [443.5 m?] of interior space) is a reinforced concrete-block building with a and G (the boiler house).It has a flat roof. No known photographs of the interior of building E, some of which are original to the Dayton Project era.Photographs 9, 29 E and M.It has a flat roof. No known interior photographs of building G from 1943- Project-era boiler is not extant. Photographs 5, 7, 45-47,49 (center mid-ground). machine shops in its ten rooms. Exposed walkways connected it to buildings M, D, depict original electrical breakers. Photographs 8, 35-39, 50 (middle). Building 3 on visible in photograph 7) stands on part of a 200 feet by 100 feet (61m by 30m) c. 1945-1946Dayton NPS Form 10-900a (Rev. 8/86)| Section number 7 Page 3 center of the property.

Map Ddepicts the locations of the photographs that accompany the Additionally, a non-contributing post-1940s wooden storage shed (cited as Building 7 on Map C and H) also exist; they are pictured in photograph 15. Asphalt now covers the site of building M; the nomination. structure (roughly 28.125 feet by 31.25 feet/8.6m by 9.5m), with 878.9 ft/81.7m² of 1997,shows the general site arrangement extant in2005; the 1879 seminary building stood in the Unit III, Dayton Project Montgomery County, Ohio Name of Property 8. Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Significance (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Enter categories from instructions [X] A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history [] B Property is associated with the lives of persons Periods of Significance []C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack Significant Dates [ ] D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. (Mark x" in all the boxes that apply.) [ ] A owned by a religious institution or used for religious [ ] B removed from its original location.

Cultural Affiliation [] D a cemetery. [ ] E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. [ ] F a commemorative property. []G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) 9.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References Primary location of additional data: - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been - previously listed in the National Register - previously determined eligible by the National Register - designated a National Historic Landmark - recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: Dayton Aviation Heritage National -recorded by Historic American Engineering Record Historical Park; United Theological Seminary Property is: purposes. 1943-1948 significant in our past. County/State Bibliography requested Science Significant Person(s) Military Architect/Builder Criteria Considerations individual distinction. Previous documentation on file (NPS): Register listing.) (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) [ ] C a birthplace or grave.

-State Historic Preservation Office - Other State Agency X Federal Agency - Local Government 2 University - Other (Cite the books, articles and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) OMB No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Park Service Unit III, Dayton Project Montgomery County, Ohio Unit III of the Dayton Project qualifies for listing on the National Register of Historic Places under criterion A for its connection with the 1942-1946 Manhattan Project and the development of for polonium research and refinement that retain quickly-built, wartime exterior character. However, the site also encompasses religious history and has ties to Bishop Milton Wright (1828-1917), the father of the inventors of the airplane.

During the late 1860s, leaders of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ found that the denomination had difficulty obtaining ministers since it operated no theological seminary. Potential candidates who studied in the seminaries of other denominations often left the United Brethren church Union Biblical Seminary opened in October of 1871 at the Summit Street United Brethren Church with four students.

United Brethren Bishop Milton Wright, whose children included Wilbur (1867- 1912) and Orville (1871-1948) Wright, the inventors of the airplane, proposed the seminary's original in 1909) quickly outgrew its donated space on Summit Street, and the church opened a new split over interpretations of the church constitution in 1889 (a split in which Milton Wright led the smaller, more conservative faction), Union Biblical Seminary remained with the larger Church of the United Brethren in Christ (New Constitution). Though he helped establish the seminary, Milton Wright had little involvement with it during the remainder of his life, and his Church of the United Brethren in Christ (Old Constitution) trained its ministers elsewhere.

The New Constitution United Brethren church merged with the Evangelical Association in 1946 to form the Evangelical United Brethren Church; this body, in turn, merged with the Methodist Church in 1968 to create the United Methodist Church. The United Brethren in Christ arrived in Ohio predominantly through ethnic German farmers traced its origins as a "pietistic, semi-Methodist German denomination" to a 1789 meeting of German hundred years -especially in the rural midwest - to give the church a majority English-speaking evangelical membership. During the period in which it educated its ministers on West First Street, approximately 200,000 people maintained membership in the United Brethren in Christ; in 1923, the U.B. church had 7,395 communicants in Dayton, a city then with approximately 175,000 residents. publicly-proclaimed conversion experiences brought people into church membership.

The United movements. While in 1893 the church asserted that social problems afflicting the United States might General Conference adopted a social statement that supported the general tenets of Baptist minister Walter Rauschenbusch's social gospel.° As the principal training facility for United Brethren ministers, the seminary's first courses in biblical and church history, practical theology, and homiletics. Course offerings reflected the the 1880s concerned systematic theology, Old Testament theology, Greek and Hebrew exegesis, SIGNIFICANCE atomic weaponry in the United States. The site retains six buildings built by the Monsanto Company entirely.

In 1870, the church's Board of Education voted to create a seminary in Dayton, Ohio; Coming from a pietistic tradition, members of the United Brethren found their faith individually; developing theology of the United Brethren church; by the 1920s courses in "psychology, religious Romanesque home for the school on West First Street in 1879.3When the United Brethren church Reformed and Mennonite ministers in Pennsylvania.4Its membership broadened during the next who moved west from Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland during the early nineteenth century.It be solved by its society developing"an intimate association with Jesus,"by1909 the church's NPS Form 10-900a (Rev.8/86) Section number 8 Page 4 Brethren permitted divorce only upon grounds of adultery, and strongly supported temperance name (Union Biblical) in 1871.

Union Biblical Seminary (renamed Bonebrake Theological Seminary NPS Form 10-900a (Rev. 8/86) OMB No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Park Service Unit III, Dayton Project Montgomery County, Ohio education, missions and social ethics" supplemented the seminary's traditional courses? During its existence at its First Street location, Bonebrake Seminary was the only institution that trained ministers and missionaries specifically for service to the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. In 1923, Bonebrake Theological Seminary moved to a new, larger campus in the nearby Dayton View neighborhood, having sold its vacated building and grounds to the Dayton Board of Education for $35,000 in the previous year - a sale that occurred after the Board began condemnation proceedings against the seminary.

The Board of Education continued to use the site for teaching central seminary building to deteriorate. The former Bonebrake Seminary property still served the Board of Education as a maintenance area in 1939, when the German invasion of Poland triggered the Second World War. After the United States entered the war in late 1941, the government of U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt increased its attention on the military applications of nuclear fission; it wanted to develop atomic weaponry before Nazi Germany. Management of the production of atomic weapons settled on the Manhattan Engineer District and its principal commander, Brigadier General Leslie Groves. While laboratories at Los Alamos, New Mexico; Hanford, Washington; and Oak Ridge, Tennessee, became Dr.

James Conant, a chemist and the chairman of the National Defense Research Committee, tasked scientists in other locations with developing components of the new armaments. Groves and Conant turned to Charles Thomas, a chemist and the director of central research for the Monsanto Chemical Company, to refine sufficient polonium for use in the triggers of atomic weapons.? Thomas, who was then serving as the Manhattan Project's coordinator of research into location of Monsanto's Central Research Department. Existing Monsanto facilities at 1515 Nicholas Road (Unit I of the Dayton Project) proved insufficient for the project's needs, and Thomas and other Monsanto officials scoured wartime Dayton for a larger location. They found few appropriate sites and settled on the little-used, publicly-owned former Bonebrake Seminary location. The site showed evidence of its limited use after 1933.

When Monsanto officials inspected the building before making with every window broken or replaced with bricks, interior walls in need of replastering, and the staircase between the second and third floors missing. After making repairs and modifications, this transfer on 25 October 1943. The needs of seminarians or maintenance workers differed from those of atomic scientists, and the original seminary building was not the only part of the Board of Education property used by Monsanto. Soon after occupying the facility, Monsanto added "two guard houses, a small chemical storage shed, and a fence" to the surrounding grounds. A wooden warehouse joined the small physics laboratories (buildings B, C, and L), locker rooms (building B), a laundry (building D), a glass-blowing shop (building D), a machine shop (building E), a power plant (building G) and another guard house by the summer of 1945.

Monsanto also added several temporary buildings to the site Thomas ensured that security at Unit III, located in a residential area of Dayton near the Paul Laurence Dunbar State Memorial, was tight and secretive. A former Dayton Project employee purposes; it served the Board as a normal school for training local women as teachers for several years. After 1933, the Board used the site as a maintenance depot and warehouse and allowed the the principal Manhattan Project research and production sites, Groves and other officials, including campus in November of 1944, and Monsanto added offices (building A), a cafeteria (building A), it the home of their polonium research activities in1943, they found it tobe in extreme disrepair, after the end of the war(warehouses1 and3-6).

metallurgy and chemistry, brought the polonium research and refinement project to Dayton, the Monsanto transferred all of its polonium research and development activities to this site, completing OMB No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Park Service Unit III, Dayton Project Montgomery County, Ohio suggests that few people outside the atomic research community realize the importance of Dayton Project achievements as former employees continue to honor oaths of secrecy; Monsanto did not affected the laboratory work of scientists. Monsanto did not acknowledge its contractual relationship techniques or materials when they could not obtain desired items proved unavailable. Armed guards gave a public face to site security; they constantly staffed three guardhouses at Unit III.

In 1946, the Project employed nearly as many security officials (43) as researchers (49). Within Unit III, August 1945. Secrecy protected a newly-devised method of refining polonium. In 1944, Unit III employees developed the first process that refined measurable, usable quantities of polonium. Chemists first let then melted the polonium slugs and mixed the melted polonium into water, creating small pellets of polonium. These pellets they then dissolved in aqua regia, a metal-dissolving mixture hydrochloric and nitric acids. The chemists removed nitrates from this solution by adding formaldehyde. To remove usable polonium from this mixture, chemists added powdered bismuth and removed the mixture's liquid, with the powdered bismuth becoming the carrier of the polonium. Additional reactions using tellurium concentrated the polonium.

Chemists then separated from other elements by atomic chain reaction. Unit III served as the principal Dayton Project site for research into polonium production; the Commission razed Unit IV after the end of the Second World War, and the site today has no Second similar to the "Fat Man" bomb dropped on Nagasaki had greater reliability; Little Boy was the only uranium bomb the U.S. built. Still, these bombs - as well as the bomb tested at the Trinity site in New Mexico in 1945 and the bombs detonated in several atmospheric tests in the South Pacific - all Monsanto used Unit III for atomic research until its decommissioning in 1948. The Atomic Energy Commission and Monsanto then decontaminated the facility, sending its wastes to the Mound and to Oak Ridge for burial.

In 1950, Monsanto returned Unit III to the Dayton Board of Education, which resumed using it as a maintenance facility for the city's school system. The Board razed the central Bonebrake Seminary building after 1955; however, the surrounding concrete block buildings built by Monsanto to support the Manhattan Project remain intact, serving as physical reminders of an former Runnymede Playhouse in the Dayton residential suburb of Oakwood. The Atomic Energy electrodepositing it onto platinum foils.'s When detonating a bomb, alpha particles from this polonium would bombard beryllium inside an "urchin" device, producing neutrons and triggering an Hiroshima, the U.S. military found that polonium/beryllium-triggered plutonium implosion bombs ignored but significant aspect of Dayton's history.

slugs of bismuth metal (much of which miners tore from Canadian mines) decay into polonium.They World War-era integrity.While Monsanto directed its early refinement of polonium in Dayton at NPS Form 10-900a (Rev. 8/86) managers. ' Most employees learned of the extent of their work only after the bombings of Japan in with the Manhattan Engineer District, and Dayton Project researchers could not acquire supplies through special Manhattan Project networks. Dayton scientists occasionally improvised with new employees referred to polonium by a code name ("postum") and had little information about the ultimate purpose of their jobs - a situation that made recruiting new employees difficult for project contained polonium produced through methods developed at Unit III in Dayton.' allow site employees to discuss their jobs outside of the workplace.12Maintaining strict secrecy also OMB No.

1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Monsanto liked together about ten, one and two-story buildings in September 1943 to primary research and development activities were subsequently transferred to Unit III in November 1943. Scientists continued to conduct x-ray and spectrographic work on appear to have all been removed in the early 1980s. Unit II conducted research on jet-assist take-off device for large aircraft and was not directly a part of the Manhattan Project. Unit IV - Runnymede Playhouse in Oakwood, Ohio: The federal government took possession of this site in February 1944 and transferred the actual production of polonium because Unit III was too limited for the mass production of polonium. The Manhattan Project buildings at this site no longer exist.

Register of Historic Places nomination Dayton Power and Light Building Group. Unit V, later named Mound Laboratory, was activated in 1949, as the first permanent facility of the Atomic Energy Commission, which had assumed the responsibilities of the Manhattan Engineering District in 1947. Units I, III, IV, and the Warehouse were then deactivated and their operations shifted to the Mound, where (Lawrence A. Blake, National Park Service, Briefing Statement, May 2004) nuclear research in the Dayton region continued until the Mound's recent closure. polonium at Unit I until 1949.

The Manhattan Project associated buildings at Unit I The members of the Dayton Project conducted their work in four separate, high-security Unit IIl, Dayton Project, Montgomery County, OH The Warehouse - another Dayton Project location (1946)-Health Analytical house the administrative activities for the Dayton project. As mentioned earlier all Unit I -Monsanto Central Research Department (1515 Nicholas Avenue): sites in the Dayton area: Program was located at this site. This building remains is included in the National Laboratory at 601 E. Third Street: The operation of the new Manhattan Project Biology National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Park Service Montgomery County, Ohio Ahlstrom, Sydney E. A Religious History of the American People.

New Haven: Yale University Press, 1924 Albuquerque Operations Office, Environment, Safety, and Health Division, Environmental Programs Branch. "Critical Environmental Assessment and Response Program, Phase I: Installation Assessment, Mound." 1986. Photocopied. Annual Report for the Year Ending December 31, 1923 of the Manager of the Bonebrake Theological Seminary to the Board of Directors. By J.E. Fout, Manager. Dayton, Ohio: Behney, J. Bruce, and Paul H. Eller. The History of the Evangelical United Brethren Church. "Completion Report for Disposal of Unit III, Monsanto Chemical Company Report No. MLM-393, Mount Laboratory, Miamisburg, Ohio, 31 October 1949." 1949. Photocopied; Drury, A.W. History of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. Dayton, Ohio: Otterbein Corporation, 1969. Photocopied Hoddeson, Lillian, Paul W. Henriksen, Roger A. Meade and Catherine Westfall.

Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943-1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. United Theological Seminary, 1956. Units I, II, III, IV, V, and Others - Waste Disposal 1943-1980. 1979. Photocopied. Ronald, Bruce W. and Virginia Ronald. Oakwood: The Far Hills. Dayton, Ohio: Reflections Company, 1920-1950. BIBLIOGRAPHY preparation, 2005. Williams'Dayton (Montgomery County, Ohio) City Directories. Cincinnati: Williams Directory Edited by Kenneth W. Krueger. Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon, 1979. OMB No. 1024-0018 Roach, Edward. "The Secret Story of Dayton and the Manhattan Project, 1943-1948."In heavily redacted. Otterbein Press, 1924. Matthews, Earl L."A History of Bonebrake Theological Seminary, 1871-1954." B. Div.

thesis, Meyer, H.E."Historical Resume of Monsanto's Operation of the Dayton Project Sites - Unit Ill, Dayton Project Wright, Milton. Diaries 1857-1917. Dayton, Ohio: Wright State University Press, 1999. Gilbert, Keith V. "History of the Dayton Project." Miamisburg, Ohio: Monsanto Research NPS Form 10-900a (Rev. 8/86) OMB No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Park Service Unit III, Dayton Project Section number Page 8 Montgomery County, Ohio GEOGRAPHICAL DATA VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION This nomination concerns a 1.38 acre/0.56 ha site in west Dayton between Edison Street on the north, North Euclid Avenue on the east, Como Lane on the west, and West First Street on the south; its street address is 1601 West First Street.

BOUNDARY JUSTIFICATION The property amidst these four streets encompasses the property of the Dayton Board of Education leased by Monsanto and employed as Unit III of the Dayton Project. NPS Form 10-900a (Rev. 8/86) NPS Form 10-900a (Rev. 8/86) OMB No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Park Service Unit III, Dayton Project Montgomery County, Ohio 1954" (B. Div. thesis, United Theological Seminary, 1956), 19, 22-36. Bonebrake named the Company) for relevant years. *Sydney E. Ahlstrom, A Religious History of the American People (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972), 439. S Pietism refers to expressions of religion that emphasize moral purity and inward devotion over intellectual reflection and social transformation. ' Drury, 798; J. Bruce Behney and Paul H.

Eller, The History of the United Brethren Church, ed. ' Drury, 646-647; Matthews, 40. & Annual Report for the Year Ending December 31, 1923 of the Manager of the Bonebrake Theological Seminary to the Board of Directors, by J.E. Fout, Manger (Dayton, Ohio: Otterbein Press, 1924), 3. See various years of Williams' Dayton Directory for specific site occupants. 9 From 1943 to 1945, Charles A. Thomas (1900-1982) managed the Dayton Project. Thomas, who earned a master's degree in chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1923 and received an honorary doctorate in organic chemistry from Transylvania University in 1933, came to Dayton soon after earning his master's degree. There he and Carroll A. Hochwalt worked on a General Motors project that developed a lead additive for gasoline.

The two men established Thomas and Hochwalt Laboratories in 1926; their work came to the attention of Queeny and Monsanto and, in 1936, Monsanto purchased Thomas and Hochwalt Laboratories and made Thomas director of its the Clinton Laboratory at Oak Ridge, Tennessee (though he made his office in St. Louis, Monsanto's home city). Thomas had an influential career with Monsanto; he became its president in 1950 and chairman of its board in 1960. He registered nearly one hundred patents during his lifetime. Operations Office, Environment, Safety, and Health Division, Environmental Programs Branch, Mound" (April 1986), 22. Photocopied. Also see Edward Roach, "The Secret Story of Dayton and the Manhattan Project, 1943-1948," (2005), in preparation. II "Completion Report for Disposal of Unit III, Monsanto Chemical Company Report No.

MLM-393, 1 Conversation with George Marfouz, Miamisburg, Ohio, 11 May 2004. 1 Bruce W. Ronald and Virginia Ronald, Oakwood: The Far Hills (Dayton: Reflections Press, 1983), 1 Gilbert, Keith V. "History of the Dayton Project" (Miamisburg, Ohio: Monsanto Research Corporation, 1969), 7-8. Photocopied. 169. Kenneth W. Krueger (Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon, 1979), 246-249. 3 Milton Wright, Diaries 1857-1917 (Dayton, Ohio: Wright State University Press, 1999), 56. Endnotes 2 See Williams' Dayton (Montgomery County, Ohio) City Directories (Cincinnati: Williams Directory 15 Lillian Hoddeson, Paul W. Henriksen, Roger A. Meade and Catherine Westfall, Critical Assembly: Central Research Department in Dayton.In 1945, Thomas left Dayton to become project director of Mound Laboratory, Miamisburg, Ohio, 31 October 1949," 27-28. Photocopied; heavily redacted.

"Critical Environmental Assessment and Response Program, Phase I: Installation Assessment, 'A.W. Drury, History of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ (Dayton, Ohio: Otterbein Press,1924),645-646;Earl L.Matthews,"A History of Bonebrake Theological Seminary,1871- III, IV, V, and Others -Waste Disposal 1943-1980" (20 December 1979), 262; Albuquerque Page 9 seminary for six of his great-uncles who were United Brethren ministers. 1H.E.Meyer,"Historical Resume of Monsanto's Operation of the Dayton Project Sites -Units I,II, National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Park Service Section number Page 10 Montgomery County, Ohio A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943-1945 (Cambridge: OMB No. 1024-0018 Unit Ill,Dayton Project NPS Form 10-900a (Rev. 8/86) Cambridge University Press, 1993), 124.

16 See Hoddeson, et. al., 119-125. Montgomery County, Ohio 10. Geographical Data UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) Zone Easting [ ] See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification 11. Form Prepared By name/title Edward Roach, Historian organization National Park Service date 8 August 2005 street & number P.O. Box 9280 telephone 937 225 7705 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Representative black and white photographs of the A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the A Sketch map for historic districts and properties (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional Property Owner name Dayton Board of Education street & number 115 South Ludlow Street telephone 937 542 3000 4404261 property.

738005 (NAD27) County/State Maps Zone items) Photographs state Ohio zip code 45409 Additional Items property's location. Unit Ill, Dayton Project (Complete this item at the request of SHPO or FPO.) Northing Name of Property city or town Dayton Acreage of Property 1.38 acres/0.56 ha having large acreage or numerous resources. (Explain why the boundaries were selected ona continuation sheet.) - SUPPLY REPAIR SHOP LAB. 3 OFF ICE CAFETERIA G-14 WAREHOUSE ELECTRIC STORAGE ENGINEER ACCOUNTIHO MAIN DRIVE WAY BOILER HOUSE MACHINE SHOP Map A MISCELLANEOUS LASORATCRY HACHINERY COVERED HALLWAY ROON DOE ARCHIVES WAR LAUNDRY SECURITY WEST.FIRST.STREET LAUNORY STOCX- PUACHABING IKSTRULEAT HAINTENLNCE LAOICE DECONTAKI LADIES La.

4 Map B FORMER MONSANTO FACILITIES (Unit Ill and Warehouse) ATTACHMENT 2 UNIT III SITE PLOT PLAN FIRST STR88I Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio STREET (October 1949) RADIOLOGICAL SCOPING SURVEY OF Radiation Safety Office Page 10 of 20 ALLEY EUOLID RADIOLOGICAL SCOPING SURVEY OF FORMER MONSANTO FACILITIES ATTACHMENT 3 UNIT II SITE PLOT PLAN Bldg Radiation Safety Office Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio STREET (August 1997) Map C Page 11 of 20 (Unit III and Warehouse) FIRST STRBET ALLEY EUGLID AYENOE Map D CHAINLINK FENCE W/BARBED WRE MAIN GATE NORTH EUCLID AVENUE ASPHALT PAVED COMO LANE CONCRETE PAD (FORMER QUONTSET WEST 1ST STREET DAYTON UNIT III - SEMINARY SITE FIGURE 4 LOCATIONS OF SITE PHOTOGRAPNS 120 Feet NOTE: URS Building locations and dimensions are approximate.

EDISON STREET HUT FOUNDATION) SITE PLAN - EXISTING CONDITIONS 2D0S 1,2,4,52 JATIONAL PARK SERVICI NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET Unit III, Dayton Project NAME : DATE RECEIVED: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: REQUEST. N SAMPLE : N SLR DRAFT: N COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS: If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the DATE REJECT PROPERTY 6/09/06 RETURN DISCIPLINE TELEPHONE 4/26/06 5/25/06 MULTIPLE REVIEWER PERIOD: NATIONAL: RECOM./CRITERIA VACCEPT UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REASONS FOR REVIEW: Entered in the DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF 45TH DAY: REFERENCE NUMBER: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPS. 06000480 OTHER: 4.01880s-18905. 2. MONTGOMENB, OHO 4. c.1941-1943 4. Zo MAyZOOS 7. PHOTO Nº 6 BLDG. 7. PHOTO Nº 8 BLDG BLDG 7.

PHOTo Nº 10 7.PHOTON11 BLDG 7. ANOTO Nº 12 BLDG. BLDG. 7.H0TON14 NORLDIRIS HAMMERMILL JHINDEERE 7. PHDTO NeZO 7. PHOTO Nº Z1 7. PRUTO Nº 22 3.Edward Roach 3. Edward Roach 3. Edward Roach 7. PHOTONR ZS 1601 w. First st. Site BLDG 2. Montgomery Co., OH 3. Edward Roach 4. 20 May 2005 7. PHOTO Nº 26 3. Edward Roach 4. 20 May 2005 7. PHOTO Nº 27 BLDG 3. Edward Roach 7. PHOTO Nº 28 4. a0May 8005 4.20 may, 2005 7. PHOTO Nº 29 3. E duard Roach 3. Eawans 7. PNUTO Nº 32 7. PHOTO Nº 31 3. Edward Roach 4. a0 May a005 2.Mont gqomery 3. Edward Roach 3. Edward Roach 4. 80 May 8005 7. PHOTO Nº 36 15800ml Acclaim ASCEND" 7 PHOTO N°=37 2. Montgomery Co., OH / COMMODORE I SCRUBS 4.20 May 9005 7. PHOTo Nº39 PLASTIC BOTTLES 2 4-1 GAL 4 1 CAL TLES 7. PHOTO Nº 40 2. Montgomery co., OH 3. Edward Roach 4. 20 May 2005 7. PHOTO Nº 41 3. Edward Roach 4. 20 May 2005 2. Montgomery Co., OF 5.

Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park 6. Ceiling/Support Beams in Building E (machine shop) 2. Montgomery Co., OH 3. Edward Roach 5. Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park 2. Montgomery Co., OH 3. Edward Roach 4.20 May 2005 5. Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park (o. View of chemical Stoseroom (to the Mw) attached to Buldinq E. 3. Edward Roach 4.20 May 2005 2. Montgomery Co., OH 7.RH0TON46 7. PHOTO Nº 47 7. PHOTO Nº49 7. PHOTO NºSO 7. PHUTO NºSI WEST FINST 7. PHoTo NºS3 7. PHOTO NºSY U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DAYTON NORTH QUADRANGLE DAYTON NORTH, OH 1996 OHIO-MONTGOMERY CO.