Dayton City (part 1 of 50)

Dayton City

The survey of the Miami tract by Col. Ludlow, definitely located the north ern boundary of Hamilton County, so that, instead of the line being drawl from the mouth of the Loramie Creek, it extended up the Miami to where thai river crossed the Indian boundary-line in Section 18, Township 2, of Range L of townships, between the Miami Rivers; thence along the Indian boundary-liu to the " Ludlow line," thence along that line to the head spring of the Littl Miami River, and down that river to the Ohio. The county embraced the em tire Ludlow survey, of fourteen ranges of townships and the fractional rang;] between the north line of the fourteenth range and the Indian boundary-lira

January 2, 1790, the date of the formation of Hamilton County, Gov. Si Clair appointed Jacob Tappan and William McMillan Justices of the Peace fo the county. Their authority extended, of course, throughout all of the teir tory included in the county, but as there were no inhabitants in this uppe1 country, it is not necessary to notice more than simply the appointment of thes< the first civil officers of the valley.

At the time of the settlement at Dayton, William McMillan, Robert Whee. an and Robert Benham were the County Commissioners of Hamilton County Tabor Washburn was Clerk; Daniel Syrnmes, Sheriff; Stephen Wood, Treasure and George Gordon, Coroner.

During the winter of 1796-97, Dayton Township and other township, were formed, making eleven in all in the county, viz., Cincinnati, Columbi; Miami, Anderson. Iron Ridge, South Bend, Colerain, Springfield, Fairfiel Deerfield and Dayton. Fairfield Township included the territory east of tl Big Miami, now in Butler County. Deerfield Township included the territoi west of the Little Miami, now in Warren County, and that part of Montgon irj County between the Miami Rivers south of the north line of the fifth range )f" townships. Dayton Township was bounded as follows: Beginning at a point >n the east bank of the Big Miami, where it was intersected by the north line )f the fifth range of townships; thence up that river in all its meanderings to he Indian boundary-lino, at a point where said river crossed the said Indian boundary -line, in Section 18, Township 2, in the fom-teenth range of townships, between the Miamis; thence along said line to Ludlow's line, and down that ine to the southeast corner of Section 5, Township 6, in the eighth range of townships between the Miamis, where was a branch of the Little Miami River; hence down the river to the north line of the fifth range of townships; thence (vest with said line to the place of beginning. The township thus described infiuded within its limits territory that now forms portions of the counties of Montgomery, Greene, Miami, Clark, Champaign, Logan and Shelby. All of Wayne, Mad River and Van Buren, with parts of Washington, Dayton and Miimi Townships, of Montgomery County, as at present formed, were in Dayton Township.

The Commissioners of Hamilton County, on the 10th of June, 1797, at a neeting held at the Mansion House, of Seth Cutter's, in Cincinnati, appointed Assessors and Collectors for the several townships. James Brady was made Issessor, and John Kitchell, Collector, of Dayton Township. John Kitchell, 'ailing to qualify, Calvin Morrill, was, on the 25th of August, appointed in his lead, and Cyrus Osborn was appointed Constable of Dayton Township. Constables made returns of persons and property to the Assessors, who made the iists and assessments, that were placed in the hands of the Township Collectors for collection. The Commissioners and Assessors jointly controlled the disbursenents, making regular reports to the County Court. The reports of assessments ind collections for Dayton Township for this year, were lost in transit, between Dayton and Cincinnati ; the Clerk was ordered to forward duplicates, and Collector Morrill was directed to make return by the 15th of January, 1798. There vere sixteen delinquents in the township, and the Collector made final return, fight of them non est, seven satisfied and one lost. After the lists were returned each year, the Commissioners and Assessors met as a Court of Appeals, to hear appeals against assessments. The following orders show the amount of fees paid to these first officers.

Sir - You will pay James Brady Five Dollars and Twenty Cents, out of the first monies that come into your hands, the same being his perquisites in full as Assessor for the Township of Dayton for the year 1797, and this shall be your warrant for so doing.

Sir - You will pay Cyrus Osborn, Constable of Dayton Towmsliip, One Dollar and Ninety Cents, which by law he is entitled to for his trouble and attention in executing and returning the Commissioners' warrant for ascertaining the taxable property for the present vear ; and also Fifty Cents for one quire of paper used in the aforesaid business.

Joseph Price was appointed County Commissioner in 1798, injfiace of William McMillan, whose term expired. Jacob Burnet succeeded Stephen Wood as Treasurer ; John Ludlow succeeded Daniel Symmes as Sheriff; and John S. Gano was appointed Protonothary.

James Smith was appointed Sheriff. The lirst election held in the Northwestern Territory was that for members of the Territorial Legislature, on the third Monday of December, 1798. The following-named citizens were elected to represent Hamilton County: William Goforth, William McMillan, John

Smith, John Ludlow, Robert Benham, Aaron Caldwell, Isaac Martin. Two Cincinnatians, Jacob Burnet and James Findlay, were selected, on the 22d of March, 1799, either by the President, the United States Senate, or the United States House of Representatives (authorities do not agree which) as members of the first Legislative Council of the Territory.

In 1799, David E. Wade received the appointment of County Commissioner,) to succeed Robert Wheelan. The following- named officers were appointed for Dayton Township for that year: Constable, Samuel Thompson; Assessor,1

John McGrew; Collector, John Ewing. D. C. Cooper was appointed Justice of the Peace. The first entry in his docket is dated October 4, 1799. The case was a suit brought by Abram Richardson against George Kirkendall, for $8. The costs in the case were as follows: Summons, 10 cents; entering judgment,

10 cents; subpoena, 13 cents; total, 33 cents. Defendant stayed collection will) John Casey on the security bond. The next case was brought by John Casey against Mathew Bohn, for $6.78. The Squire's record reads: " From the circumstances in the case, it appears that there is really no cause of action andj plaintiff is taxed with the costs, viz., Summons, 10 cents, entering judgment, 20 cents; sattisfyed." Another case recorded is a suit by Winetowah, a Shawnee. Indian, against Ephraim Lawrence, for $7.66, due for furs. The Indian got judgment for the amount and $1.20 costs. The docket runs to May 1, 1803. the date of the formation of the county, and covers 118 cases, a hundred of them certified as "settled," the rest being marked "sattisfyed."

The lands around Cincinnati were more rapidly settled than, this upper part of the valley, because of the protection of the garrison at Fort Washington. Three new townships - Washington, Ohio and St. Clair - were formed in the county somewhere south of Dayton Township, in the year 1799.

Assessor McGrew was tardy in sending in his list, and was ordered by the Commissioners to return it by June 28; by July 1, he had it completed, showing an assessment of $233.72; of this amount $224.64 were collected.

Ichabod B. Miller was appointed Commissioner in the year 1800, and Aaron Goforth, Clerk. July 18, Jerome Holt was appointed Constable of Day-, on Township, and was directed to "list" the free male inhabitants of twenty - ,ne years of age and over; for which service he was paid 819.50. The rates f taxation for this year were upon houses, mills and other buildings - 40 cents >n each $100 valuation; horses, 40 cents each; cattle, 10 cents; young or single aen, 50 cents to $2; bond servants, $1 each; stud horses, the rate they stand ,t the season.

In 1801, William Ruffin was appointed County Commissioner. Benjamin 7an Cleve was County Surveyor, and was made Lister for Dayton Township; le listed 382 free males over twenty -one years of age. In addition to this numier, he found, west of the Big Miami River, twenty-eight, and east of the Little liami less than twenty. Mr. Yan Cleve was paid $29.50 for listing. The ownship paid $576,624 taxes that year. Local officers for the counties and ownships of the territory, had been appointed by the Governor and Courts; nit as the population of the Miami Valley increased so rapidly, it was decided hat other officers were required and should be elected, and the following auhority was given for an election in Dayton Township:

The United States to Jerome Holt, of Dayton Township, greeting : You are hereby equired to give notice to the inhabitants of said township, in three of the most public daces thereof, at least ten days before the first Monday in April next, that they may and hall convene on said day at the house of George Newcom, in the township aforesaid, and hen and there proceed to elect by ballot a Chairman, Town Clerk, three or more Trustees |>r Managers, two or more Overseers of the Poor, three Fence Viewers, two Appraisers of Houses, Lister of Taxable Property, a sufficient number of Supervisors of Roads, and one br more Constables, agreeable to a 'law entitled an act to establish and regulate town meetngs. And of this warrant make due return. By Order of the Court.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto affixed the seal of our same Court of General Juarter Sessions of the Peace, at Cincinnati, this second day of March, in the year of our Lora 1802.

The names of the officers elected are not known, as there was no record sept; but those who were elected served until the organization of the county, ,ffie next year, 1803.

Ohio

By the census of 1800, there were 42,000 inhabitants in that part of the Northwestern Territory now included within the boundaries of Ohio. Application was promptly made for admission into the Union, as a State.

April 30, 1802, the Enabling Act of Congress, for the formation of the State of Ohio, was approved by the President. Linder this act, the first Constitutional Convention of the State was assembled at Chillicothe, on the 1st of November, 1802; and on the 29th day of the same month, the Convention, having completed its labors, the constitution, as adopted, was signed by the members, and the Convention adjourned.

February 19, 1803, the act of Congress, "To provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States, within the State of Ohio," was approved by the President. By this act, Ohio was admitted into the Union.

Ohio is the "Pennsylvania Dutch" way of spelling the Indian name given to the great river that divided the Indian lands of the north from the lands in possession of the southern tribes. The language of the Wyandots was similar to that of all the Northwestern tribes; that of the Delawares and Shawnees, who were carpet-baggers in Ohio, differed each from the other and from that of the tribes of the West. The Shawnees called the Ohio River, Kisilakep Sepe, the Eagle River; the name given it by the Delawares was Wliingwy Sepung, the Big Stream.

The V yandots, who were possessors of the soil north of the Ohio, and whose hunting-grounds were in the Kentucky lands, and who had control of the vast regions of the west for a hundred years before the Delawares or Sha' nees came here, gave the name to the river, and it therefore should stand preference to all other names. The Ohio State was named from the Ohio Rj er, and what is said of one applies to the other.

The Wyandots had named the river, Ohezuh, great, grand and fair to loi upon. The earliest French explorers called it fair and beautiful. La Bel Riviere , the same meaning as the Indian name Ohezuh - the beautiful riv< After the French occupation of the valley, following the Indian pronunciati* of the name of the river, they call it Oho , then Oheeho.

The Pennsylvanians, in their early treaties with the Iroquois, got the narj Oheeo, and spelling it in their Dutch way exactly as it was pronouuced, the "| was substituted for the double "ee," thus: Oh-ee-o .became Oh-i-o. It was n so spelled or pronounced until a short time before the middle of the last ce tury; after 1744, when attention began to be drawn toward the West. Yirgi ians gave the accent that has ever since prevailed.

State Boundaries

In no one of the many histories of Ohio has an accurate description of tl State boundary lines been given ; most of the writers have been content to say th Ohio is bounded on the east by Pennsylvania; on the south by the Ohio River; < the West by Indiana; and on the north by Michigan and Lake Erie.

From the best accounts of surveys, we find the eastern boundary line begin at a point on the north bank of the Ohio River, just below the mouth Beaver Creek; thence running north, in a direct line, to the northern boundar line of the United States in Lake Erie. The Ohio River, from Beaver Cret to the mouth of the Big Miami, forms the southern boundary line. The weste: line begins at a point on the west bank of the Big Miami River at its junctk with the Ohio River, and extends north to a point, from which a line extend* due east would intersect Lake Erie, northwest of the Maumee Bay. Tl, northern boundary of Ohio, is a line drawn due east, from the point located above, to its intersection with the northern boundary line of the United Stati in Lake Erie; thence with said northern boundary line to its intersection wi the eastern boundary line of Ohio.

There was serious trouble between Ohio settlers and the Territorial office of Michigan, as to the location of the line between that Territory and the Staj of Ohio. At one time, the Michigan militia drove the settlers off their land but the matter was adjusted by Congress refusing to admit Michigan into tlj Union unless the line was established as Ohio claimed.

The first Legislature met at Chillicothe on Tuesday, March 1, 1803. Go St. Clair had become unpopular in many ways, and most of all because of jh| refusal, while Governor of the Territory, to organize new counties in the par of the Territory most thickly settled.

March 24, 1803, the Legislature enacted a law for the division of Hamiltc and Ross Counties, and by that act, Montgomery, Warren, Butler and Greei Counties were created. Section 3 of the act reads as follows: "And be it fu ther enacted: That all that part of the county of Hamilton, included within tl following boundaries, viz., beginning on the State line at the northwest corn of the county of Butler; thence east with the lines of Butler and Warren, the east line of Section No. 16, in the third township and fifth range; then north eighteen miles; thence east two miles; thence north to the State lin thence, with the same, to the west boundary of' the State; thence south, wit said boundary, to the beginning shall compose a third new county, called an known by the name of Montgomery." Section 6, of the same act, fixed the emporary seat of justice, " Where court should be held at the house of George Newcom. in the town of Dayton." Section 8 fixed May 1, 1803, as the day the ict should take effect.

Gen. Richard Montgomery

The county was named in honor of Gen. Richard Montgomery, who was rilled, in the assault on Quebec, December 31, 1775. Gen. Montgomery, son )f Thomas Montgomery, was born in Ireland, in 1736, and was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. In 1754, he obtained a commission in the British irmy and three years later came, with his regiment, to America, where he distinguished himself in the service, and returned to England, in 1763; remained here for nine years, when he left the army, and again came to America. He settled and married in New York, was a delegate to the provincial convention of 1775, and soon afterward was commissioned by Congress as one of the Brigade lenerals of the Colonial army. In the invasion of Canada (1775), he was Raced second in command of the division under Schuyler, and assumed comnand of the division when Schuyler returned, sick, to Albany. Montgomery idvanced rapidly, and before December had successively captured Chambly, St. Tohns and Montreal. In December, he effected a junction with Arnold, before Quebec. The assault on the town was made the night of December 31. The surprise was complete, but, unfortunately for the Americans, Montgomery, who vas gallantly leading his division, was, with two of his aids, killed at the first ire. His gallant conduct and noble character were eulogized in the British Parliament, and the American Congress passed resolutions of respect and veneration for the young hero, and erected a monument, in his honor, in front of St. Paul's Church, Broadway, New York City, to which place his remains were Transferred with great ceremony, in 1818.

Shortly after the law took effect, by which Montgomery County was formed, the Associate Judges of the County Court, established the four original townships of the county - Washington, German, Dayton and Elizabeth Townships. Washington Township included the territory in the southeast corner of the county, from the Greene County line west to the Miami River, and from the Warren County line north about seven miles, nearly the present north line of the township. German Township included all of the territory west of the Miami River to the State line, and from the Butler County line north to a line running west from the Miami River to the State line, parallel to and two or three miles south of the present south line of Miami County. Dayton Township was all of the territory east of the Miami River to the Greene County line, and north of Washington Township to a line near to and parallel to the north line of the eighth range of townships. Elizabeth Township was all of that part of the county north of German and Dayton Townships.

At the time Montgomery County was formed, the enumeration showed 526 white male inhabitants, over twenty-one years of age, within its limits; in Greene County, 446; in Warren, 854; in Butler, 836; in the State, 15,314.

ad the army was paid oft' and remained until the 6th in camp at Staunton. It ien marched across to Urbana, where they arrived on the 7th, and camped in lie eastern part of the town. Gov. Meigs had left Dayton on the 3d for Tirana, to hold a council with twelve Indian chiefs, who had been assembled aere for the purpose; sis of them, Cutawepasa, Cutawepa, Piageha, Pitahage, itekishemo and Nasahacothe, were of the Shawnee tribes; five of them, Jahe, kanato, Scutush, Manaham and Dewesen, of the Wyandots, and Mathame,

; the Mingoes. To impress the savages with the strength of the army, and of ie determination and power of the United States Government to hold the tertory ceded by the English Government, in the treaty of 1783, the army at rbana were paraded on the afternoon of June 8, and reviewed by the Gov- 'nor, attended by the Indian chiefs, several officers of the State, and other ilitary and civil officers.

The Fourth Regiment United States Infantry and several militia compaes arrived as re -enforcements, increasing the army to 2,500 effective men. A ospital was establised at Urbana. and other arrangements made for that point ; a base of supplies for the army. The First Regiment was ordered to cut a >ad north through the woods to Scioto River, and, in compliance with this orar, marched from camp on the 11th, and, on the 16th, reached the south bank ' the Scioto, twenty- four miles from Urbana, and began building two blockrnses, each 20x24 feet, in a low fiat piece of woods. The two block-houses were mnected by a strong stockade; another stockade was put up, inclosing a half of ground surrounding the houses ; these fortifications were given the name : Fort McArthur. On the 15th the army left Urbana. The general line of arch was through the counties of Logan, Hardin, Hancock and Wood, to ie foot of the Maumee Rapids, where they crossed and marched to Fort etroit.

On the evening of the 19th, the army arrived at Fort McArthur, where they imped for three days. The woods were full of hostiles, rendering it necesiry to have a strong rear guard, and to march companies of riflemen on the mks of the army.

June 21, the Second Regiment was detailed to cut the road through to lanchard's Fork of the Auglaize River. For several days it had been raining intinuously, and, leaving a company as a garrison, the army marched from ort McArthur, on the 22d, into the swamps, and, after marching twelve miles, at stuck in the mud, and, as a matter of precaution, built a block-house, callig it Fort Necessity. These block-house stations were erected to store provisos not needed for immediate use, and which could afterward be forwarded uder escort of the militia.

About twenty miles farther on Fort Findlay was built on the high ground a the west side of Blanchard's Fork, where Findlay now stands. It was a ockade of fifty yards square, with block-houses at each of the four corners ad a ditch in front.

With the Third Regiment in the advance, to clear a road, the army began ie march through the Black Swamp - a part of it is now known as Hull's 'rairie. The distance from Fort Findlay to the rapids is thirty-five miles, and - was a tedious march. The road was badly cut up by the mounted troops, packorses and 106 heavily loaded wagons. Thirteen wagons were abandoned in the iud. In many places the men marched knee-deep in mud. Gen. Hull arrived t the Maumee, June 30, and crossed, with his army, in fine health and spirits, ud at once resumed his march to Detroit. To keep open his line of communiation, and to protect stores and public property left at the forts and stations, filitia were stationed at Dayton, Piqua, Ui'bana, St. Mary's, Fort McArthur ad Fort Findlay, and a battalion at Fort Greenville.

After the departure of the army from Camp Meigs, on Mad River, Gen Munger marched his militia command up from Hole's Creek and occupied thi camp. As commander of this post, his duty was to guard all public store here, and keep the roads open as far as Piqua and Urbana. Quartermastei commissary and ordinance stores were forwarded through Dayton to the front

Capt. Perry's company of rangers was constantly scouting through th country between St. Mary's and Fort Wayne, skirmishing with Indian parties and killing all they captured. On the 8th of July, they were ordered to gi through to Vincennes. The object of the Governor in holding the militia ii camps, in Southern and Western Ohio, and at the posts along the line of com munications to the north, was to be ready to organize a second army in case o emergency. Camp Meigs being a favorable point, quite a considerable fore was assembled here, or held ready to report at short notice. About the middl of June, Air. Cooper employed the militia who were at Camp Meigs, in dig, gin a race from the old mill-race, on First street, to Fifth street. The race wa dug from a point just north of First street and east of Madison, running south west to Second street, and crossing that street about a hundred feet east of th present canal basin, continuing south and parallel to the present course c the canal; just above Fifth street he built a saw-mill that stood there unt; 1847.

Lieut. Gwynne, of the United States Army, opened a recruiting office ; one of the Dayton taverns, on the 1st of July, enlisting men for live years' sen ice, offering $16 bounty, and if the recruit served his time out, or was kille; or disabled in the service, he was to receive three months additional pay an get 160 acres of land. Men were also enlisted for eighteen months and n ceived the bounty, but no land. Musicians were hired by the month; boyij with, the consent of their parents or guardians, were enlisted as musicians.

The Dayton riflemen, stationed at Greenville, with the citizens of that tom celebrated the 4th of July by a parade and big dinner. Army trains and mil tia made too much confusion in this county for any observance of the day.

July 10, Gov. Meigs, who was then at Chillicothe, ordered Gen. Munger ! disband his militia brigade, as it was then thought their services would not 1 required.

Farmers sold their grain, stock and surplus products, to army contracto at advanced prices; some idea of the business of this kind carried on hei through that summer may be had from the advertisements of contractors, one <j! whom wanted to buy 3,000 barrels of flour, 600 head of cattle and 400 horse Everything the people had for sale was bought for the army. Another eoi tractor advertised for flour in barrels, whisky, beef cattle, vinegar and baco| to be delivered at Dayton, or any of the block-houses that might be agretj: upon.

At noon, on Saturday, August 22, the news of Hull's disgraceful surrend: reached Dayton, creating consternation and the greatest alarm among the peopi for the safety of the frontier settlements. United States Commissioners were th; in council with the Indians at Piqua, and it was feared that the disaster migJ influence all neutral tribes to join the British force and spread their barbarot warfare over Southwestern Ohio. The situation was gloomy. Up to this tin there had been no idea of serious reverse. The surrender occurred on the 16 of August, at a moment whan every soldier and officer in the American Arm, except the General himself, was ready and anxious for the battle. Gen. Hull h; with him a well-appointed army of 2,500 men of all arms, fully supplied witharn ammunition and provisions. These, with thirty-eight pieces of artillery, larj quantities of ammunition, a month's supply of provisions at Fort Detroit, ai a great quantity of cattle, sheep and horses, and the stores at the River Raisi ere surrendered without firing a gun, to Maj. Gen. Brock, of the British Army, ho had but 330 regulars, 400 militia and O0O Indians; his artillery consisted three six-pounders and two three-pounders.

The Ohio troops were released on parole, and landed by the British at difrent points along the shore of Lake Erie as far east as Cleveland, and left to id their way across the State to their homes. Hull was afterward tried for eason, cowardice and unofficer-like conduct, found guilty of the last two Larges, sentenced to be shot, but was subsequently pardoned by the President. nil's surrender left the whole Northwestern Territory open to the aggressions the British and their Indian allies. The people of Ohio and Kentucky were oroughly aroused to the danger, and, without delay, began organizing commies and regiments. The news reached Dayton August 22. A call was immediately issued for every able-bodied man in the county who could procure a to meet in Dayton the next day, Sunday, ready to march immediately the threatened settlements of the north. By Sunday morning, Capt. J ames ;eele had a company of seventy men fully armed and equipped and marched Piqua to protect the government stores there. Mothers, wives and daughters, irked like heroines in preparing the men to go. Extras were issued from the See of the Ohio Sentinel , at Dayton, giving all information from the front, and ging the men to organize for defense. Intense excitement prevailed everylere. On Sunday, five companies of volunteers and two'companies of drafted ,en assembled in town from different parts of the county. Capt. Caldwell, ith a troop of horse from Warren County, rode through here on the way to qua; and Capt. Johnson, with a rifle company from the same county, reported Camp Meigs. Monday morning, six of the infantry companies were organid into a battalion by the election of Maj. George Adams as their commander. |l the afternoon, 341 strong and fully equipped, the battalion marched north, he two companies of drafted men remained at Campi Meigs subject to the or- >r of the Governor. The rallying music of the fife and drum resounded rough the brushy streets of Dayton. Monday evening and Tuesday morning veral companies from adjoining counties marched through town on their way ;>rth; on Tuesday, Maj. Jenkinson, with a battalion of 350 men, that had been ised as a re- enforcement to the army, before the news of the fall of Detroit is known, halted at Camp Meigs on their way to the front. A Greene County -igade marched under Gen. Benjamin Whiteman. Troops were being organed and rapidly pushed to the front to meet an expected advance of the victor - us enemy.

Capt. Steele's Dayton company, with others, was ordered to St. Mary's; apt. Steele was placed in command of the post, and Private Joseph H. Crane as made Sergeant Major.

The following is a copy of the pay-roll of the company, and from it it will i seen that a detachment must have been away on scouting duty, as there are fly fifty-two names here:

The military roads through Montgomery County were from Cincinnati up through Lebanon and Centerville, and the other through Franklin and Miamisburg, to Dayton, then up Main street to First, and out that street to the Staun ton road ford, up to Camp Meigs, across the bottoms, and on up Hull's road to Staunton, where the roads forked to Piqua and Urbana.

The following order placed the organization of troops and the responsibil ity of the defense upon Gen. Munger, who was in command of the Fifth Bn ofade of the First Division of Ohio Militia:

Sir - You will take immediate measures for the defense of the frontier within your command. You will cause block-houses to be created at suitable places. Advise the inhabitants to associate and erect suitable stations of defense in such way as to accommodate families. The astonishing fate of General Hull's army has exposed the frontier to barbarians. I have written by express to the Secretary of War on the subject of defense. I hope soon to see the Kentucky army here, when a regular system of operations will be adopted. In the meantime, you will direct and advise the most judicious course.

Gen. Munger promptly marched, with his brigade, to Piqua; directed the removal of the publi'c stores from that point to Dayton, and ordered Capt, Steele's company to advanco to St. Mary's, where they built block-houses foi the defense of the town. It was then the most advanced post along the frontiei line. There was no information from the front; the British had undisputed possession of the lakes from Fort Dearborn (Chicago) to the Niagara; there was no artillery in the West; the Maumee country was occupied by roving bands of Indians. Additional block-houses were built in the neighborhoods in: this and Preble Counties.

Gen. W. H. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, had beer appointed by Gov. Scott, of Kentucky, Major General of Kentucky volunteers The General immediately started from Frankfort with an escort of Kentucky cavalry, to take command of the Kentucky militia, then on the march. Hi overtook them in camp just below Centerville, in this county. Monday after noon, August 31, Col. Samuel Wells, of the United States Army, with three oi four hundred of the Seventeenth Infantry, and Capt. William Garrard, with i troop of horse from Bourbon County, Ky., passed through Dayton, halting over night out at Camp Meigs. Tuesday morning Gen. Harrison, accompanied b}| his staff and escort, arrived and halted for a few hours; the citizens of the towi honored him with a salute of eighteen guns. The little iron gun used in firing this salute was stationed under a big oak tree that stood on the east side o Main street, north of the alley between Second and Third streets, the back end of Lot No. 108. While they were tiring, a brigade of Kentuckians, 1,800 strong in command of Brig. Gen. John Payne, marched up Main street, halting neai Second street. The brigade consisted of the following regiments: First Ken tucky Infantry, Lieut. Col. John M. Scott commanding; Fifth Kentucky Infan try, Lieut. Col. William Lewis commanding, and a I'egimentof Kentucky Rifles; Lieut. Col. John Allen commanding. In firing the salute one of the citizen!; had one hand shot off, and the other badly wounded. In the afternoon th< troops marched out to Camp Meigs. The following letter is evidence that they were pleased with their reception by the Dayton people:

The commander of the Kentucky Volunteers begs leave to return to the citizens oj Dayton the thanks of himself and the army under his command, for the tribute of respec paid to them in passing through the town.

They flatter themselves that in the hour of trial they will not be found unworthy of t; confidence of their country. They feelingly commiserate with the citizen, who, in jying them that tribute, was maimed in the accidental going-off of the cannon, and they l r leave to present to him a small sum of money, a voluntary contribution of the officers,

Two regiments of Montgomery County troops were held at Piqua; a battalii, under Maj. Adams, was sent to St. Mary's. Col. Jerome Holt was ordered his regiment, to Greenville to build a block-house and strong stockade; lie station at Loramie's was strengthened and re-enforced. The^Govemor had ; vanced the militia to Fort McArthur, and ordered the works there, and at ! >rfc Manary and Urban a to be enlarged.

The Indians were threatening an attack upon Fort Wayne, and Gen. Mun- < r had ordered Maj. Adams to march to the relief of that post, when the Govtjhor and Gen. Harrison arrived at Piqua and decided to send a larger force; a urier was sent to Maj. Adams to hold his battalion at St. Mary's for re-enforcemts. This address from the Governor and Gen. Harrison's call for troops 11 explain the situation and their plans :

At a moment like this, I appeal to your valor and patriotism. Maj. General Harrison ' 11 rendezvous a respectable force of Kentucky volunteers at Dayton on the 15th instant : a short expedition.

Gen. Harrison desires to add to his troops any number of volunteers from the State i Ohio, who will serve on the expedition, not exceeding thirty days.

All those who will embrace this favorable opportunity of distinguishing themselves 1 der an able commander, and of rendering to the State of Ohio a valuable service, will, in -sir equipment and movements, follow the directions of Gen. Harrison hereto subjoined.

Volunteers Wanted

Any number of volunteers, mounted, and prepared for active service, to continue for ,'enty-five or thirty days, will be accepted to rendezvous at the town of Dayton, on the g Miami, on the 15tli inst.

It is expected that the volunteers will provide themselves with salted provisions and a rt ion of biscuits; those who are unable to procure them, will be furnished if possible, lose brave men who may give their country their services on this occasion, may be asred that an opportunity of distinguishing themselves will be offered.

Those patriotic citizens who are unable to afford personal assistance, will render essenil service to their country by furnishing the horses, which must be delivered in Dayton the 14th inst., to a person wdio will be authorized to receive and receipt for them.

I requested you in my last address to rendezvous at Daj'ton on the loth inst. I have )\v a more pressing call for your services! The British and Indians have invaded our -untry and are now besieging (perhaps have taken) Fort Wayne. Every friend to his who is able to do so, will join me, as soon as possible, wrell mounted, with a good ie and twenty or thirty days' provisions. Ammunition will be furnished at Cincinnati d Dayton, and the volunteers will draw provisions (to save their salted meat) at, all the iblic deposits. The Quartermasters and Commissaries will see that this order is executed.

A thousand men were ordered from Urbana to St. Mary's, and on Sunday, Sepmber 6, Gen. Payne's brigade of Kentuckians marched from Piqua to the .me point. Maj. Richard M. Johnson arrived in Dayton, on Sunday, with 300 mounted Kentucky infantry. They bivouacked on Main street for the night, and rode to Piqua the next day. Gen. Harrison was concentrating his troops at St. Mary's for the expedition to the vicinity of Fort Wayne, and issued this appeal before starting to St. Mary's, on Monday, the 7th:

Fellow Citizens - The situation of our Northwestern frontiers, exposed as they are ! to the depredations of the savages, guided and conducted by their British allies, requires decisive and energetic measures. To carry my views into effect, it is necessary that 1 should mount on horseback one at least of the regiments of infantry under my commami I have therefore authorized Jesse Hunt and Peyton Short to engage any number of horses not exceeding eight hundred in number, for an expedition which is not expected to exceed twenty-live or thirty days. Each horse is to be provided with a saddle and bridle. The terms are lifty cents a day for each horse and equipments, to be paid for by the United States should they be lost, or should the horses die by any other than a natural death. Au appraisement will take place upon the delivery of the horses, and every pains taken to prevent them from being abused. Patriots of the Revolution! you who are no longer able to give your assistance in the field, will you withhold from your countrymen the means of ; coming in contact with the enemy, to retrieve our late misfortunes, and wipe away the dis jj grace which our army have sustained?

The subscribers will attend in Dayton, at the house of Major David Reid, on the 15th and lGth of this month to receive and receipt for horses.

The paper here urged the people to promptly respond in every possible; case to this opportunity afforded the real patriots of the country to step forth in defense of our soil; that these are the times that try men's souls. A lino of distinction would be drawn between the noisy pretender and the real lover of his country; that but a few days before the citizens of this and adjoining conn ties manifested a promptitude and patriotism honorable to the State, and hopes i were expressed that in the emergency they might sustain the character of the community by offering every aid called for; that the army was no longer corn manded by an old woman, and that Gen. Harrison had the confidence of all by showing an ardent devotion to the service, which none would question.

On the 9th, Gen. Harrison, with his army, 4,000 strong, marched from St. Mary's; the distance to Fort Wayne was fifty-five miles, and he was four days on the way. After destroying the Indian villages in that vicinity, he! returned, with his forces, to St. Mary's. Maj. Adams' battalion, from Mont-jj gomery County, who had so patriotically and promptly responded to the cal! for defense of the frontier, were discharged, and retuned to their homes.

There was no regularly established army hospital in this county at any time during the war, yet many sick and wounded soldiers were cared for, especially in Dayton. Soldiers of Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio and Virginia, were buried in the little pioneer graveyards along the roads through the county from Franklin and Centerville, north to Vandalia, Staunton and Milton.

In September, 1812, a courier passed through to the north, bearing dis patches to Gen. Harrison; and his commission as Major General in the United States army; his assignment as commander of all the troops in the Northwest, Territory, with orders to retake Detroit. ,

Sunday, September 13, Brig. Gen. James Winchester and staff stopped foil dinner in Dayton, on their way to the headquarters of Gen. Harrison. Wed nesday, the 16th, Col. Payne's regiment of Kentucky volunteers and several companies of Indiana militia were camped on the commons awaiting orders two other Kentucky regiments were out at Camp Meigs. September 17, Gen Harrison received his commission and dispatches, and began at once to organize f - the campaign. His troops were new levies, poorly clad, and hastily pushed t the front, with but scanty supplies of ammunition, equipage and provisions. Is requisitions for ordnance and commissary supplies were promptly filled by b Government. To furnish the men with warm clothing and blankets, he adessed an appeal to the patriotic people of Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky, aski > for contributions of the needed articles. To the ladies of Dayton and iinity he sent this special appeal:

General Harrison presents his compliments to the ladies of Dayton and its vicinity, and . icits their assistance in making shirts for their brave defenders, who compose his army; ny of whom are almost destitute of that article, so necessary to their health and com it. The materials will be furnished by the Quartermaster; and the General confidently >ects that this opportunity for the display of female patriotism and industry will be , ;erly embraced by his fair countrywomen.

In compliance, the ladies of the town and county promptly, and -with great thusiasm, made up and forwarded to the army 1,800 shirts, by October 14. he shirts were made of calico furnished by the Indian Department from an- : ities withheld from the tribes in arms against the Government. Later in the nnth, a large quantity of clothing was taken through here from Paris, Ky., for 1 3 Kentucky troops with Gen. Winchester. Indians from the Mississinewa ] ver region were getting very troublesome to settlers of Preble and Darke ! unties, running off horses and cattle, and murdering any of the people caught nay from the block-houses. Saturday, October 2-, two little girls were muri red within a half mile of the fort at Greenville.

A company of mounted riflemen, for immediate service at Fort Defiance, is raised in Dayton; but in consequence of these Indian troubles to the West, is company, under Maj. George Adams, was ordered to Fort Greenville, and .ere stationed at a stockade seven miles north of New Paris, as an outpost of art Greenville. October 4, Gen. Winchester, with a force consisting of three giments of Kentucky troops, four companies of regulars, a troop of horse, and ipt. Ballard's company of spies, arrived at old Fort Defiance from Fort Wayne, id rebuilt the fort. Notice was given that horses, saddles and bridles, taken at Dayton for the Government, would be retained as Government property, id the owners were paid for them agreeably to the valuations. The valley was ill of horses that had strayed from the camps and battle-fields to the north, n agent was sent to Dayton to receive all such horses that had been taken up.

Gen. Harrison's plans for the campaign had been carefully considered, and >ward the latter part of October were rapidly developing. The army was to Ivance in three columns to the Maumee Rapids. The right wing, which he ould command himself, were being assembled at Upper Sandusky. The cen- >r, under Gen. Edward W. Tupper, was to advance from Urbana, by Forts Mcrthur and Findlay. The left wing, with Gen. Winchester in command, would tarch from Fort St. Mary's to Fort Defiance, and on down the Auglaize and iaumee to the rapids, where the army was to be concentrated for the advance gainst Detroit. Leaving Gen. Winchester with his brigade, at Fort Defiance, ;en. Harrison visited St. Mary's, Urbana, Fort McArthur and Upper Sandusky.

Heavy rains in November precluded any military movements for the winter ; ie country was inundated and the roads were impassable. The General then rossed to Franklinton, Franklin County, where he established his headquarirs; here he found that Brig. Gen. Leftwich had arrived, with a brigade of irginia troops, and a train of heavy guns and lighter artillery; this brigade ras ordered to Upper Sandusky. The troops at Upper Sandusky were from 'ennsylvania and Virginia. Gen. Tapper's command consisted of Ohio, Indina and Virginia volunteers; and the left wing was composed of Kentuckians and regulars. Because of tlie good stage of water, supplies jvere to be forwarded by boats, up the Miami River to St. Mary's, across the portage, then down the Auglaize and Maumee, and across the head of the lake and up to Detroit If colder weather came, then the roads up through Urbana and Fort Findlay would be available. Thus it will be seen that Dayton was on the line of com munication, and so continued through the war.

It lias become necessary to run boats from the mouth of the Great Miami to Lora mie's, loaded with public property, and it is expected that those who own dams will immediately make arrangements for letting the boats pass with expedition and safety, otherwise their dams will be injured. The public boats must pass at all risks.

The only danger to the line of communication seemed to be from threatening Indians out on the Mississinewa River. To guard against this danger, reserves of Miami Valley militia, were stationed at Dayton, Greenville, St. Mart's and Urbana. Our people would occasionally hear from the Montgomery County soldiers, and supplies for their comfort were regularly forwarded, and while there was no county organization among the ladies, as a relief societv, yet they gathered supplies for the hospitals, and made and forwarded clothing, proving themselves worthy wives and relatives of the noble pioneers who were at the front battling for homes for them. The noble deeds, the self-sacrifice and the untiring efforts of the pioneer women of the Miami Valley, if recorded, would fill a volume of most thrilling history. Nothing was grudgingly done. The actions of the men were hopefully seconded in all efforts that were made. The experience in the Indian wars enabled the women to act intelligently in their work. In similar cases, in war and peace, the example of these pioneer women has always been a characteristic of those who have followed.

From this time on through the winter, and, until September of the next year (1813), Government agents were stationed at Dayton to buy all that farm ers and dealers would sell, of pickled pork, bacon, whisky, corn-meal, flour, tow linen, cattle, horses and grain; and recruiting offices were open all of the time. Business in the towns was brisk in every branch. Through the almost bottomless mud roads, supplies were forwarded to Urbana. The greatest difficulties were met in crossing the swollen rivers and creeks by rope ferries. Later in the season, when the ground was frozen and there was some little snow and ice, transportation was easier; but wagons, sleds, teams and teamsters, pack-horses and pack-horsemen were scarce ; wagons and horses, sleds and oxen, were hired and bought from the farmers, and the farmer boys, who were too young for serv ice at the front, were employed to drive them. To induce farmers to send their teams, assurances were given that they would not be pressed into service beyond St. Mary's or Urbana. Three dollars a day was the price paid for sleds and teams that would haul six barrels of flour ; or $8 a barrel was paid for flour delivered at Pipua or Urbana; and $10 if delivered at St. Mary's; for whisk) delivered at that point, the Government paid 75 cents a gallon. The Govern ment storehouse, in charge of Foragemaster Col. Robert Patterson, was in Dayton, at the upper end of Main street, near Grimes' tavern.

The Indians in the Mississinewa country becoming more troublesome, Gen. Harrison ordered an expedition to be fitted out to destroy the villages in that section, near where Muncietown, Ind., now is. About December 1, the detach ment arrived here in command of Lieut. Col. John B. Campbell, of the Nineteenth United States Infantry. They were only partially mounted, and re mained here until the 1.1th of the month to procure horses. Here at Dayton they drew ammunition, ten days' rations and forage; marching from here 600 strong, composed as follows; A squadron of Kentucky Dragoons, one company iIA and Beacon streets, which was bought for the purpose, and on the 16th of l:|Ch, 1870, the works being completed, the machinery was put in motion and : i.'oipes filled for the first time. Ten days later the official test of the works was r e. and resulted most satisfactorily to all concerned.

The board of water-works organized April 13, 1870, by electing Samuel Mar- , President; A. J. Heller, Secretary ; H. G. Marshall, Assistant Secretary and "elector; George McCain, Superintendent; Ezra Thomas, Assistant Superin-

: report for the period ending December 31, 1870, shows the gross receipts to ,t been $3,168.66, and the running expenses $10,325.85. In the same period, 120,560 gallons of water were delivered into the pipes and 6,948 bushels of coal s; tuned in the delivery. From the same report the following account of the

/air supply is taken : "With great pleasure we have often noticed that Provide has been pleased to give the people that inhabit this portion of the Miami :i ;y, pure water in great abundance."

"It was not to be wondered at that the site at the corner of High and an streets was first selected for the location of the pumping works. It is e for the city that water was not obtained there in seemingly great abuni iare to have established the belief of being sufficient for supplying the works. i experience confirms the belief that the change of location to the south ti of Mad River was a wise plan. Here it was hoped that an ample supply id be obtained by filteration. But in the fall of 1871, when the consumpkad increased nearly twofold, the prospects were less promising.

" A long trench was made in the vicinity to serve as a kind of storage reser- >i and connected to the well by an arched conduit. Observations showed lathe water pumped at the close of 1872 was fully the maximum capacity of c veil, and no reserve in store for any sudden emergency in the event of fire, e gnizing the vital importance of pure water, the City Council was petid for an appropriation May 30, 1873, to enable the board to take the future . honal supply of water from Mad River.

"On the 9th of June, 1873, Council authorized the Trustees of the Water 1 is, in connection with the Standing Committee of the City Council, to pet the Water Works well with Mad River, so controlling said connection ites and filters as to exclude all impurities.

The general plan adopted by the board embraces an open space dug through ihvee bank to the river, of about twenty feet in width, ninety feet in length, n< m average depth of thirty feet. All the earth had to be removed on carts 'distance perhaps of two to three hundred feet, and replaced in like mannflil

" Three twenty-inch lines of cast iron pipes were laid through to the river, driver end of the pipes are supported by a revetment of masonry fifteen ajiigh, and fifty feet in length. Bowlders of various sizes, in great quanti- 'i are placed against the wall of masonry to within four feet of its height, e. the water will be strained before its admission. Inside the levee these ! ly pipes are also supported by a revetment of masonry, from which they CjCt some three feet, with valves for controlling the water attached. The 4 chamber is arranged to command delivery of water from the river into a c fit nine feet in height, and eight feet in width, extending parallel with Aevee 107 feet eight inches, and passing the supply well built in 1871, isat eighteen feet, turning southward on the west side, and parallel with Aid supply well sixty-one feet and six inches to its terminus. A wing ;chesfrom the main conduit nine feet three inches east of the well, and rune parallel with it ninety feet, which completes the surrounding of the w The entire length of the conduit is 259 feet, walled up and arched over \ stone, the floor in the gate-chamber being laid with stone extending into conduit about ten feet. There are four ventilators to the conduit at suit; distances.

" The entire work was completed on the 20th day of September, he eighty-seven days from the commencement to its termination, at a cost of 240.12."

In 1874, a new engine and direct-acting pump, of the improved ft patent, with a capacity of $4,000,000 gallons in twenty- four hours was adc at an additional cost of $32,927.19.

Receipts

Received from sale of bonds, taxation and temporary loans from 1870 to Deceinh 1881, $570,771.77 ; received from water rent, sale of materials and excavatin'! sei trenches from 1870 to December 31, 1880, $196,263.84; received from water rent? sal materials and excavating service trenches from December 31, 1880, to December 31, i $26,233.98 ; total receipts - 1870 to December 31, 1881, $793,259.59.

Cost of construction and maintenance of water works to date (Dece nl 1881), exclusive of interest on bonds, same being paid by Council from the eral expense fund :

Year City Of Dayton

The total bonded debt of the city on account of water works is $555,000, of hk $505,000 is payable May, 1885. with seven and eight per cent interest, and >i >00 (bonds issued August, 1880), with six per cent interest due in 1895. he following is the Civil Organization of the Water Works from their commence- - i to December 31, 1881 : rm. C. Weir, of New York. Consulting Engineer. From May 21, 1869, to April 4, 1870. >hn Wiggim, Superintendent on Construction of Wells. Conduits, etc. P. Leonr<! William ffifbhein, George W. Hatfield and Michael Gill, Superintendents of Pipe From October 8, 1869, to April 4, 1870.

Water Works Trustees Name

During the year ending December 31, 1881, 4,264 feet of 20-inch main, 1 of 12-inch main and 1,612 feet of 10-inch main were laid, and machinery wii pumping capacity of 8,000,000 gallons per day was purchased at a cost of $55.:: 45. There were 499,069,770 gallons of water pumped and distributed, bciirj increase of 111,572,040 gallons over the year previous, and yielding a revenui $21,379.20. There were also 72 new service connections made, showing amai increase in the demand for water. There are now laid in the city 34 miie pipe of different sizes, and 296 fire plugs distributed throughout the city.

The officers and employes of the water works, January 1, 1882, are : Tru 'Thomas B. Hannah President (term expires 1882); John W. Butt (term ex] 1883) ; Luther Peters (term expires 1884). Office Department, Charles W. der, Secretary ; A. Wiley Decker, Assistant Secretary. Pumping House De| ment, M. L. Weaver, Chief Engineer ; Edward Euchenhofer, Assistant Engin B. F. Shellhouse, Assistant Engineer ; Charles B. Fair, Fireman ; John if Wc Fireman ; (4. W. Clark, Wiper ; John Buckner, Laborer. Street Depart ir Alexander Richmond, Superintendent Street Department ; Peter Lauer, A( Assistant Superintendent Street Department.

Board Of Health

This board was established in Dayton on June 3, 1867, under an act of Legislature, passed on the 29th of March, 1867, and entitled " An Act to ere; board of health in any city, and to prevent the spread of diseases therein. '

Its duties and powers are described to be such as are necessary to secur -city and its inhabitants from the evils of contagious, malignant and iafec diseases.

It is composed of the Mayor of the city, who is ex officio President o board, and six members, appointed by Council. They appoint a Clerk and at Health Officer. The board as first created consisted of T. D. Mitchell, M President, W. W. Lane and B. F. Wait, appointed for one year, L. Patterson j J. W. Dietrich, appointed for two years, and C. Parker, and J. W. Butt, appo for three years, Thomas L. Neal, Health Officer, and J. A. Marley, Clerk. The or! of the board keep a record of all deaths, from whatever cause, and of the I in the city , cause all premises to be regularly visited, and those considerei healthy to be reported, and take every means to improve the sanitary coir of the city.

The present officers of the board are Hon. F. M. Hosier, Mayor and ex-c President, Dr. H. S. Jewett, B. F. Wait, Dr. R. Brundrett, Dr. J. K. Webst Parker, Alfred Pruder. Dr. Thomas L. Neal, Health Officers; Dr. E. B. Clerk ; John W. Craven and John McCutcheon, Sanitary Police.

Police

Previous to the incorportion of the town of Dayton, in 1805, the pe:1 the then hamlet was kept by the Constables of the township. After tl corportion of the town, on the 12th of February, 1805, a Marshal was elected, and with him the violators of the law had to deal until about teen years thereafter, when a Deputy Marshal was appointed. This fo a4 conservators continued until December, 1835, when the Marshal was it prized to appoint one or more patrolmen to serve as night watchmen - an mnce for the appointment having been passed two years previous. In d, 1837, two night watchmen were appointed in each ward. In 1841, a h 27, an act was passed by the General Assembly establishing the city of a on, and merging the township into the corporation. At this time, or t r in the latter part of the same year, an ordinance was passed providing rhe election of two City Constables, in addition to the City Marshal. In the force was increased to sis men in addition to the Marshal and Cona:3S. In this state the force continued until 1866, when it was increased ine men, of whom one was to be Captain. February, 1867, provision was - for the appointment of special policemen, not exceeding live to each warday, 1868, the Metropolitan force was organized with the City Marshal as i E, Second Lieutenant, and twenty regulars. This arrangement lasted but : nine months, when it was abandoned, and the old form was adopted and nnued for four or five years, or until 1873, when the Metropolitan was . at established, with a Chief, First and Second Lieutenants, three roundsj three turnkeys and twenty-six patrolmen - -a total force of thirty-eight a This was reduced to twenty-eight men in 1876, but shortly afterward vised to the present number of thirty-five men in all. The first Chief was irStewart. He was succeeded by William H. Morton, and he by the present ; abent, Amos Clark. The sum of $26,400 is annually appropriated by the y or the maintenance of the police. In connection with the police force eijon might be made of the station houses and workhouse.

The Work House

Chis house was established by the city in connection with the County missioners in 1875, the "old jail ''being appropriated for the purpose, i on the corner of Sixth and Main streets. It is a massive brick building lining two tiers of sells capable of holding sixty or seventy men, and the '4 surrounded by the tall stone wall inclosing the grounds.

The men are brought here from the station houses and jail, and are corn- 'd to break stone for the streets while serving out their time. If any ii'n are held there, they are put to work washing, ironing, etc. The house iiharge of John Wiggim.

City Prison

-he first city prison on record is one in the south end of the old Deluge g'e house. It was originated in December, 1858, by the City Council. In pad the city now has two station houses. One on Sixth street east of the in capable of accommodating about twelve inmates, and the other on e Third street, which is somewhat smaller. It is at these places that the 11 Devs are employed.

Insurance

die original charter of this company was granted by the Legislature in >ring of 1835, limited to twenty years. Early in June of that year, the met and elected the following gentlemen as directors, viz. : S. T.

1 u. A. Grimes, John Rench. Thomas Barrett, David Stevenson, D. Z. Pierce, Perrine, Valentine Winters, Ziba Crawford, Peter Baer, David Davis ' l(V P- Brown. These directors met June 5, 1835, and organized by chos- U Baer, President pro tem., and D. Z. Pierce. Secretary pro tem. On the 6 if the month another meeting was held, when David Stone was regu- larly elected President and Henry A. Pierson, Secretary. The company's £ vertisement tirst appears in the Dayton Journal, under date of July 7, 18 with the last-mentioned officers. The certificate of incorporation of the pi ent company dates from 1856. The capital stock paid up is $250,000. ] officers for 1882 are: S. Craighead, President; J. S. Miles, Secretary;

The building owned and occupied by the company, located at the sot: west corner of Wayne and Second streets, is a beautiful structure, the on walls of which are of the famous Zanesville pressed brick, the tiling u having also been obtained at that place. The architects were Messrs. Pe: and limns, of Dayton. The building is 125 feet in depth, fronting on M street, by forty-nine and one-half in width; is four stories, a basement a mansard-roof in height, and is one of the most elegant structures in city. A beautiful tower rises over the front. The interior is tastefully ished and decorated, and numerous line offices have been titled up, that of company occupying the first lioor, with the main entrance at the north) corner. The foundation was laid late in the fall of 1880, and in Noveml 1881, the company took possession of its new quarters. The value of building and the ground on which it stands is placed at $80,000.

This company was organized January 17, 1840, with the following eers . William J. McKinney, President, and E. J. Forsyth, Secretary, company commenced doing business in the Secretary's office, located at southwest corner of Main and Fifth streets. The aggregate amount of av able assets of the company is $300,000. The present officers are Da: Keifer, President, and Charles D. Iddings, Secretary. The office is nov No. 32 North Main street.

The Dayton Fire Insurance Company

This company was organized February 2, 1851. It is one of the ol< joint-stock companies in the State, and operates under a special charter grai March 5, 1851. The incorporators of the company were Daniel Beckel, seph Clegg, William Dickey, It. Green, W. S. Westerman, R. Chambers John Harries. The first officers were: Daniel Beckel, President, and J. L. Do- Secretary. In 1854, James It. Young was made Secretary pro tern., and 1855, was elected permanent Secretary, which position he filled until P when he resigned. In 1S70, the company bought out the Fnion Insure Company, re-insured their risks, and succeeded to the business of that c pany. The capital stock of the Dayton Company is $100,000. The prei officers are: Hon. D. A. Haynes, President, and J. Harrison Hall, Secret

The office of the company was first located on Third street, between Main Jefferson; it was afterward moved to the Beckel House Block for a short o and then to its present rooms, corner of Third and Jefferson streets.

City Of Dayton The Miami Valley Insurance Company

r< dent; W. R. S. Ayres, Secretary; D. C. Rench, Treasurer. The office (Opened at No. 27 North Main street, after which it was changed to No. 2 5 oh Main Street. The paid-up capital stock of the company is $100,000. h oresent officers are: A. Gebliart, President, and W. R. S. Ayers, Secrer The following figures will show the condition of the company at the < annual report for the year ending December 31, 1880:

This company was organized and incorporated in February, 1865, and menced doing business on the 1st of March following, with a capital 100,000, of which $20,000 was paid in cash, and $80,000 in stock notes, nfirst officers were: John Hanitch, President; J. V. Nauerth. Vice Presir Henry Miller, Treasurer, and John Stoppleman, Secretary. The cash pal of the company is now $100,000, and the cash assets over $305,000. it tnuary, 1872, the company bought out and assumed the risks of the German is 'ance Company of Dayton, which had then been in existence since the year it In the same year the company paid up, in cash, its full capital. The ent officers of the company are: Jacob Decker, President; J. B. Finke,

The Ohio Fire Insurance Company

This company was organized in February, 1865, with an authorized cap- I $150,000. of which sum the Directors allowed only $100,000 to be subred for. Afterward, at the urgent request of other friends of the organit u, the subscribed capital was increased to 107,500 (leaving the sum of - '00 of the authorized capital unsold), upon which the stockholders paid .eum of $4 per share, making the paid-up, or cash capital, $21,500. With i sum, after deducting the expense of office furniture, safe and supplies, r ompany commenced issuing policies March 27, 1865, with the following Irs: William Dickey, President; Jonathan Ivecney, Yice President; W.

William Dickey served as President from the organization until January, 'Y, when failing health compelled him to resign. The capital was increased '00,000 in May, 1880. The present officers are: President, J, A. Walt Tice President, H. O. Graves; Secretary, W. H. Gillespie; Assistant |J|hary, Harry Gillespie; Directors, J. A. Walters, Jonathan Kenney, George h'ove, H. C. Graves, G. B. Harmon, S. M. Sullivan, Dr. J. C. Reeve. 1 r i the organization of the company to December 31, 1880, they received

The Cooper Insurance Company

This company was incorporated and commenced doing business in Ft ruary, 1867, with a capital stock (which is now paid up) of $100,000. 1 first officers were: D. E. Mead, President, and D. W. Iddings, Secreta

The office was first located at No. 32 North Main street; then, in the fall 1871, at No. 8 North Main, and now in the Firemen's building, corner Mi and Second streets. The present officers are: D. E. Mead, President. ;

The Southern Ohio Mutual Benefit Association

This association, as its name implies, is a Mutual Benefit Associati paying policies of deceased members by making assessments on the living, was organized under the laws of the State on the 22d of December, 1£ with the following officers: S. B. Smith, President; W. Huffman. Vice Pn dent; William Sanders, Treasurer; C. L. Geiger, Secretary; Nicholas M< General Agent, and G. H. Geiger, Medical Director. The present offie are the same except B. E. Hauser, Vice President, and John Kennedy, Tr< urer.

The Columbia Insurance Company

This company was organized January 1, 1882, with a cash capital $150,000, and cash surplus of $50,000, and no liabilities. It confines its bi ness entirely to Ohio. The officers since its organization are, E. M. Thresl President; O. J. Gunckel, Secretary; C. L. Seeley and W. H. Fuller, Spe< Agents, andE. M. Thresher, George W. Kneisly, James Linden, R. C. Setter Jr., Eugene J. Barney, Albert Thresher, Samuel W. Davies, D. L. Bike. .Oka: F. Gunckel, Directors. The company occupy rooms on the northeast cor of Main and Second.

Street Railways

The first is called the Third Street Route, running the whole length Third street, a distance of three and three-fourths miles. It was built 1869-70, and has since been in successful operation. The following-nan gentlemen are the officers of the company, they having held their several sitions since the organization of the company: W. P. Huffman, Preside

The second, or Dayton View Route, was built in 1874, by a stock ci pany, but, proving a failure, it was sold in 1876, to the present compa which consists of Messrs. Clegg, Perrine, Stout and Wood. It is three . one-half miles long and cost $45,000 per mile. It runs from Dayton Viev Main street; thence to Fifth; thence to Brown; thence to Warren, and Warren to Oakwood. The only officers of the company are C. B. Clegg, Ik

The Water Works and Asylum Route runs from the Water Works to Jefn>n street; thence to Fifth; thence to Wayne, and on Wayne to the Lua : Asylum. It was built in the latter part of 1871, by a company whose ipal stock was $100,000. The first officers were, Samuel D. Edgar, Preside?; Thomas Shaffer, Secretary; George W. Short, Treasurer. The present Sirs are, George W. Short, President; M. Ohmer, Vice President; Eugene ,'nhet, Secretary and Treasurer. The cost of construction was $44,000 per The company employs thirteen men and have twenty-eight horses and viive cars.

The Fifth Street Route extends along the full length of Fifth street, and iree and one-quarter miles long. It was completed October 24, 1881, i the first cars were run. It is owned by a stock company, incorporated list 16, 1881, with $200,000 capital stock. The first officers were: A. A. i aas, President; D. B. Corwin, Secretary and Treasurer. They employ

Dayton Gas Light And Coke Company

This company was incorporated by an act passed February 4, 1848, the porators being : J. D. Phillips, Valentine Winters, Robert W. Steele, idol W. Wheelock, Daniel Beckel, Israel F. Howells, Jacob W. Griswold,

1 Mills, David Winters, J. D. Loomis, David Stout and Peter Voorhees. iipapital stock was not to exceed $50,000, but the work was begun on a her capital and under many discouragements and difficulties, the works were and about one mile of gas main laid before December 15, 1848. Every :o. was made to have the gas ready for use by January 1, 1849, but the - vJg away of the large cistern of the works prevented the company from acdishing their object. After repeated discouragements, the apparatus was ' lit brought into complete working order, and February 5, 1849, gas was

< ,i6 gas subject, with which he was thoroughly acquainted, and his readiness nraunicating any information called for greatly facilitated the accom-

- 9 hen t of the enterprise. The gas manufactured by this company was called ipchett's Patent Solar Gas," and on the 5th of February, 1849, "the town was astir, that the first sight of this brilliant and beautiful light A not be missed. The city hall was handsomely lighted by thirteen burn - ' splendid chandelier with eight burners was suspended near the entrance 1 tall, for exhibition, by Mr. Lockwood. It is gratifying to know that

- |s company has surmounted all the obstacles which have so impeded the 'pssof their enterprise, and it is now about to enter the full tide of sires' The above is quoted from the daily papers of February 6, 1849, and castrates the excitement which the new light created. The works were 1 y Mr. John Lockwood, of Cincinnati, the assignee of Crutchett, and the Much was made from grease did not prove such a gratifying success as ^pated. The company lost money in the experiment, and the works -were 1 " destroyed by fire. In 1851, new gasworks were erected after plans fur-

( M by John Jeffrey, of Cincinnati, a distinguished gas engineer, and the ; 1 Divas done under the direction of J. P. Hadley. The principal building 'ri d 49| feet on Water street, the center was occupied as an office for the business of the company, the wings for purifying and the retort house in i rear of the main building. There was a coal-house 100x30, a tank for < holders thirty feet in diameter and twelve feet deep, a gas holder thirty fee' diameter and thirteen feet deep, with a capacity of 13,000 cubic feet of . and a tar tank capable of holding 1,000 barrels. The works cost $11,000, ; their capacity was 36,000 cubic feet of gas per day, but so constructed as admit of enlargement so as to generate 100,000 cubic feet per day. This . was manufactured from coal, and the completion of the works was coianu orated by a supper at the Swaynie House, on Tuesday evening, September 1851. The first Board of Directors of the Dayton Gas Light and Coke Cc pany were Daniel Beckel, David Stout, I. F. Howells, C. G. Swain and J< Lockwood. On the 7th of August, 1848, I. F. Howells was elected Presid of the company, and M. B. Walker, Secretary, but they soon resigned, and August 28, Daniel Beckel became President and I. F. Howells Secretary, latter of whom served until August 10, 1849, when G. W. Rogers was elec Secretary. On the 23d of May, 1849, C. G. Swain became President, sul quently resigned and Daniel Beckel was elected August 7, and on the 2 of the same month was succeeded by S. B. Brown, who remained Presid until the election of William Dickey, May 26, 1853. J. M. Kerr became f retary, November 12, 1849; was succeeded by H. Strickler, March 14, 18 and lie by John Garner in September of the same year. The latter gentler served until the electiou of Samuel T. Evans, August 17. 1855; R. R. Die was elected President August 17, 1855, and served in that capacityunt.il Aug 2, 1858, when William Dickey was again chosen to fill that position, and mained continuously as President of the company until May 10, 1877. at ot time he resigned. He was succeeded by his son, Samuel A. Dickey, who sei up to the date of his death, which occurred August 9, 1880. On the 13th | August, R. R. Dickey was elected President, and is at present filling that p tion. In November, 1877, George M. Smart became Secretary, and is now cupying that office. The present officers are : R. R. pickev, President; H. Graves, Vice President ; George M. Smart, Secretary ; Joseph Light, Supe:; tendent, the latter of whom began his duties in 1855, and has ever since t connected with the works. The present Board of Directors are: R. R. Die. Joseph Clegg, H. C. Graves, W. P. Callahan, Simon Gebhart, Charles A. 1 lips and John Harries. The old gas building erected in 1851 is now used a condenser and washers. The present buildings were erected in 1868, are located on Water street, between St. Clair and Mill streets. They coi of two two-story brick structures, one of which is used as a meter house Superintendent's office, and the other for a purifying house and engine ri In. 1880, the last gas holder was built with a house covering it. Its caps is 100,000 cubic feet of gas, while the old one holds 110,000 cubic feet, capital stock is now $450,000, the capacity of the works, 350,000 feet of per day, and they have a coal house capable of holding 4,000 tons of coal, company have now about thirty-eight miles of mains and 1,000 city gas pi the city appropriating $19,000 per year for gas. The Dayton National I is the Treasurer of the company, and their office is 120 East Third str which is neatly fitted up and occupies two rooms. The company is iu a h ishing condition, and under the administration of the last three Presidents prospered beyond the most sanguine expectations of its warmest friends.

The first telegraph message received at this place was one from the structor, O'Rielly, congratulating the people on having the telegraph to j town. It was sent September 17, 1847.

In 1850, there was another line built, and shortly thereafter another. In v,, there were the Wade line, the National or Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & Louvle line, the Ohio, Mississippi & Illinois, or O'Rielly line, and the House rting line, all doing business in one room on the coi'ner of Third and Main r ts. In 1857, the Wade and House Printing Companies consolidated, forming ^Western Union, and in the year following the two remaining companies e merged into it. The first manager was W. -I. Delano, who was also Suu itendent of the district. He served as manager one year, when he was suc- 3, H by J. H. Kiersted. E. J. Lane became the manager in 1867, and aid until 1881, when he was succeded by John Yoorhes, the present incumbent.

. room, No. 10, North Jefferson street. It was successively managed by Dunning, W. G. Whitehurst, John Yoorhes, Lowe and W. H. Kiefer. It , was purchased by the Western Union, and merged into that company.

' ruth Jefferson street, under the management of John Yoorhes. In 1881, a company consolidated with the Western Union, the office remaining under Alger Yoorhes' supervision, at No. 16 South Jefferson street, to which place e Vestern Union was moved.

In 1882, the Mutual Union Telegraph Company completed their lines to 1 a on, and on the 9th of March of that year, they opened an office in the old ejern Union stand, funder W. H. Kiefer. There are now but two offices in ftity.

Source changes here: from History of Dayton, Ohio. With Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Pioneer and Prominent Citizens, by Crew, Harvey W., Pub, published 1889; 143,958 words in this source stream.

Preface

The following " History of Dayton" is the result of the combined labors of several individuals, all of them. but one, residents of the city, and for, this reason presumably possessed of peculiar qualitications and facilities for such work. The individuals referred to as resident authors of different portions of the History, are Mr. Robert W. Steele, Hon. George W. Houk, Mr. H. H. Weakley, Mr. H. E. Parrott, E. L. Shuey, A. M., W. A. Shuey, A. M., and Mrs. John H. Winters. None of these individuals need introduction to the subscribers to this work. They have for many years been well and favorably known to the people of Dayton. .

: No one who has had experience in the compilation of local history will be disappointed if errors, if indeed numerous errors, should be found in the foliowine pages by the critics: for it is universally conceded that it is impossibie for a mere human being to avoid error. It has been the aim of all concerned in the compilation and composition of the History to assume the true attitude toward error, which is to avoid it so far as is practicable, and to correct errors made so soon as discovered. Yet, notwithstanding all the eare that has been used, there were mistakes mede which were not discovered until too late to make the corrections in the text, as the small table of "Errata," at the close of the volume shows. It is hoped, however, that while this table is evidence of inability to entirely eliminate errors from the text of the work, it will at the same time be considered evidence of correct intentions.

Robert W. Steele, mentioned above as one of the authors of the History, than whom no one better qualified to perform the task could have been secured, wrote the first part of the work up to page 192. Commencing again with the chapter on education, on page 217, Mr. Steele wrote the portion of the educational history, inch ding the history of the Public Library, closing with the first paragraph on page 253, and also the chapter on the cemeteries, a total amount of two hundred and twenty-eight pages. That this portion

Hon. George W. Houk, long one of the able and distinguishec members of the Dayton Bar, wrote Chapter XIX, on the Bench and Bar. Mr. Houk's well known intellectual and literary ability and accomplishments, and his high, keen and accurate sense of justice, were from the first a sufficient guaranty that this portion of the work; so difficult to write, as are all such chapters, containing distinctions and discriminations so necessary to be made, which are so liable to be looked upon as invidious, when nothing was further from the intention of the writer, would be ably, gracefully, and conscientiously written. And as in the case of Mr. Steele, it is believed that a perusal of the chapter will not disappoint these just expectations.

Mr. H. H. Weakley, an experienced insurance officer, wrote the chapter on Insurance, which will be found of especial interest to those engaged in that line of business, and generally to all. Mr. H. E. Parrott wrote the chapter on Municipal Affairs, with the exception of that portion deveted to the Water Works.

-W. A. Shuey, A. M., wrote that portion of the chapter on Church History, commencing with the Dayton Ministerial Association, on page 633, and extending to the Young Men's Christian Association on page 636, besides furnishing much miscellaneous matter, notably in connection with the chapter on Literature, Music, and Art. and also with the history of the United Brethren Pubhshing House, on page 457, besides devoting many days of earnest, careful, and gratuitous labor to the work in many ways.

E. L. Shuey, A. M., wrote the history of the Young Men's Christian Association, commencing on page 636 and closing near the middle of page 640, and Mrs. John H. Winters wrote the history of the Woman's Christian Association, commencing on page 640 and closing on page 642.

Mr. J. Wooldridge, of Hudson, Ohio, who has had eight years' continuous experience in writing city, county, and State histories, wrote the remainder of the work, including the biographical chapter, with the exception of the biographies of E. Fowler Stoddard and Edmond S. Young, both of which were written by Mr. George W. Houk.

The sourees of information consulted in the preparation of this volume, are sufficiently alluded to by Robert W. Steele on page 9 in a foot note, but it is only just to say that of the persons, citizens of Dayton, and others, who have furnished information and facilities to the various writers in a thousand ways, and without which information and facilities it would have been out of the power of even the most capable and diligent of compilers and authors to have completed this work, none have shown more patience and courtesy than Miss Minta I. Dryden, Librarian of the Dayton Pubhe Library, and her efficient assistants, Miss Electra C. Doren, Miss Minnie Althoff, and Edward Koch.

The excellent paper upon which this book is printed was manufactured especially for the purpose by W. P. Levis, one of the leading paper manufacturers of Dayton, and the imprint of the United Brethren Publishing House on the title page, is a sufficient guaranty, even if there were no other, of the excellency of the mechanical execution of the entire book. é

Chapter

Indian History - Mound Builders - Dayton Marthworks - Freneh and English Claim the Ohio Valley - Indian Titles Extinguished--Ohio One of the Greatest of the Indian Battle-fields - Indian Trails - Dayton in the Indian Wunting Ground - Wild Animals and Birds - The Twightwee or Miami Villeges - -Shawnee Towns - Pickaway Plains - The Miamis Head of a Confederacy - Gist Visits the Miamis in 1751 -

= Visits the Shawvees - -Ohio Land Comp ny - Celoron de Bienville Claims the Ohio Valley for the French- - Ascends the Big Miami - The French Destroy Pickawillany - French. Build Posts at Hrie and Venango - }F ort Duquesne - -English Do Not Assist the Indians - The Miamis Allies of the French in 1763 - The English Destroy the Miami Villages - Miamis Remove to Fort Wayne - Franes Cedes the Northwest te England - Pontiac's War - Captain Bullitt Visits Chilicothe in 1773- - -Lord Dunmore's War--Danie) Boone a Captive at Chillicothe - Colouel Bowman's Ioxpedition from Kentucky Against Chillicothe - Byrd's Force of British and Indians Invade Kentucky - Rogers Clarke's Expedition te Ohio - Four Thousand Shawnees Rendered Homelcss - Brozdbead Defeats the Delawares - - Crawford's Expedition - Clarke's Second Exxpedition - Skirmish on Site of Dayton - Logan's Cainpaign: in 1786 - Second Skirmish on Site of Dayton - Gratitude Due to General Clarke - Symmes Visits Upper Miami Valley - Uarniar's Defeat - Scott and Wilkinson's Raid - St. Clair's Defeat - General Wayne's Campaign -- Treaty of Peace - British Vacate Western Forts in 1796 - Tecumseh - Friendly Indians at Piqua in 1812 Tidelity of Logan - ijlack Hoof - Tribes all Removed from Ohio Before 1843............

Visit It with Clarke and Logan - De ae the Country as an Earthly Paradise - Major Stites Surveys Symmes' Purchase in 1787 - Wishes to Buy Land in Miami and Mad River Valleys - Symmes Explores the Valleys - Indians Camped on Site of Dayton - Land Worth Ose Dollar an Acre - Tropical Luxuriance of Vegetation - Kentuckians Come to View the Country in 1795 - Land Concealed by Vines and Weeds - Kentuckians Discouraged and Turn Back - Rich Farming Lands Near Dayton - Fortunate Location of Town - Confluence of Four Rivers - Value of Farm Products--Four River Valleys Afford Facilities for Construction of Railroads - Dayton Center of Ten Railroads - Superabundanes of Game and Fish - Natural Fruits, Nuts, and Wild Honey - Mr. Forrer's Account of Hunting in 1818 - Abundance of Wild Animals and Fish in 1830 and 1840 - Flights of Pigeons - Migrations of Squirrels - Fish Baskets - Wagon Loads of Fish - Temperate Climate - Mean b Temperature of the Year - A Healthy City - lour Streams Furnish Water Power - Value of the Rivers to Manufacturers - Timber - Fuel - Hard Woods - Building Stone - Prof. Orton Describes the Quarries - -Excellent Lime - Brick Clay - Sand - Abundance of Granitic Gravel - Prof. Orton on the Value of Gravel - Excellent Turnpikes and Streets Due to Gravel - Natural Drainage- - -Pure Water - Inexhaust- MDIB NV e MUS weccc arte neat setneeh meer ete RS TeMNC Hk ce PONP Eb ack Etnies h Sup hs wendy einen doo rsanieuriensenacabeeses

Page Pace

Settlement of Dayton - Venice on Site of Dayton Laid Out in 1789- - Major Stites - Venice Abandoned - Danger of Visiting Site of Dayton Before 1791 - Hostile Indiins - Treaty of Greenville Secures Safety of Set'lers - Site of Dayton Purchased from Symmes - Original Proprietors of Dayton - Symmes Requires Three Setiiements to Be Made - Benjamin Van Cleve's Account of the Survey of the Purchase - D. C. Cooper Cuts a Road Out of the Brush - Hardships Endured by Surveyors - Field Notes Kept on Yables of Wood - Dayton Laid Out and Named - Lottery Held on Site of Town, November 4th - Lots and Inlots Donated to Settlers Drawn - Settlers Permitted to Purchase One Hundred and Six.y Acres at a French Crown Per Acre - Forty-six Persons Agree to Settle at Dayton - Only Nineteen Liventually Avail Themselves of Ponations and Become Settlers - VanCleve's Account of Settlements in the Purchase - Names of Original Settlers of Dayton - 'Three Parties Leave Cincinnati in March, 1796 - Hamer's Party Travel in Two-horse Wagon- - Newcom's Party Make the Journey on Horseback - Difficulties of the Jourpey io Dayton by Land - Thompson's Party Ascend the Miami in a Pirogue - Description of the Voyage- - -Poling Up Stream - Beauty of the Landseape - Supper in the Miami Woods - Names of the Passengers in the Pirogue - Ten Days from Cincinnati to Dayton - Mrs. Thompson the First to Land - Indians Encaiwnped at Dayton - Land at Head of St. Clair Street - The Uninhabited Vorest All that Welcomed Them - Encouraging Indications - Biographies of Original Settlers- - -Danie} C. Cooper

Chapter Ly

The Pioneer's Faculty of Adapting Himself to Unaccustomed Surroundings - Temporary Protection - Log Cabins - Trees Cut Down - Scanty Furniture - Pioneer Housekeeping - IHllness from Kxposure - Scarcity of Cooking Utensils - Wooden, Pewter and Horn Dishes and Spoons - No Lamps - Light and Heat from the Open Fire - Cheerful Winter Evenings - Searcity of lood- - Venison, Game, Wild Birds' Eggs and Wild Honey - Corn the Principal Article of Food - Varieties of Corn Bread - Difficulty cf Making Meal - Substitutes for Mills - Dearness of Provisions Brought from Cincinnati - Flour Fourteen Dollars Per Barrel - Clothes, Moecasins and Harness Made of Deer Skin- - Caps of Raccoon and Rabbit Skin - Settlers Often Made Their Own Leather - The Pioneer's Dress - ome-made Linen, Flannel and Livseys - The "Faculty" of the Pioneer Women - Pioneers Wholly Dependent on Each Other for Sosiety and Assistance - The Latch-String Always Out - Sports, House Raisings, Corn Shuckings, and Log Rollings - Quiltings - Weddings--EKarly Marriages - The Axe and Rifle Equally Indispensable - W olves - -Hunting, Trapping and

- Fishing - -Settiers on the Town Plat--Names of Streets - Boundaries of tho Town - Gullies and Ravines - Hazel Thickets Spread Over Nearly All the Town--The Country Thickly Wooded - Three Cabins on Monument Avenue Constituted Dayton in 1796 - Houses Built Near the River Because It Was Supposed to Be Navigable - People Usually Drank River Water - Prairies Within the Town - The Communal Corn Field West of Wilkinson Street - Tirst Winter Mild and Pleasant--Out of Door Work - Dayton the Rallying Place in Case of Danger from Indians - Jerome Holt, D. C. Cooper, and Robert Edgar Arrive--A Good Crop Gathered in 1797--Tbe Growth of New Vegetables Eagerly Waiched - Contented with Their Situation, Poorias Wit Wash iA Oe. JL aad sien eed leek A Seca cae dace Usa ne Meectcted cc 8

Dayton Township - Smial! Fees Reccived by Officials - Taxes in 1798--D. C. Cooper, Justice of the Peace from 1799-1803--Newcom's Tavern - -The Tavern Used as the First Court House and Jail - Virst Store - Newcom's Corner, the Business Center of Dayton -

Con Tents

A Typical Frontier Vavern - Daytou Contained Nine Dwellings in 1799- - Several Roads Opened--Monument Avenue Cleared--Main Street a Narrow Wagon Road - Settlements Few and Far Between - Hardships of Pioneer Life--Tidian War Apprehended - Block House Built - Schooi Opened in the Block House- - First Distillery Started - Cooper's Saw Mill - Corn Cracker - Hogs Introduced - Feed on Mast - Attacked by Wild Animals--First Flat Boat Launched-Sheep Introduced - Cost of Groceries at Cinciunati - Little Money jin Circulation - Business Conducted by Barter - Value of Diffsrent Kinds of Skins--Cut Money - McDougal's Store - Trade with the Indians - First Child Boro in Dayton - Taxation in 1800 - First Wedding - Census in 1801 - First Miuister - - Methodists - Presbyterians--Log Meeting House - First Grave Yard - - Jobn W. Van Cleve's Description of Dayton in 1805 - Presbyterians Worship in Newcom's and MecCullum's peat taram Ey in the Court House--First Brick Presbyterian Church - Rev. James We Ish, First Pastor - William King - Jobn H. Williams..

Settlers in Danger of Losing Lands-~New Settlers Decline to Come- - Unsatisfactory Preemption Law - Law of 1801 - Settlers Enter Lands - Land Office Opened - Original Proprietors Relinquish Their Claims - D. C. Cooper 'itular Proprietor of Dayton - Petition Presented to Congress by Settiers - Satisfactory Titles Secured - Only Five Families in Town - VFirst E'ection of Dayton 'Township - Formation of Montgomery County --Dayton the County Seat - Virst County Court - Opening of Court Attracts a Large Crowd - Cases Tried - Unusual Fines - Punishment by the Lash - Prisoners Con- fined in an Old Wellin Newcom's Tavern Yard - Indian Prisoners - First Hleetion in Dayton for Member of Congress - First County Commissioners Elected - Main

Logs - Mr. Cooper's Elegant Mansion of Hewn Logs - Henry Brown's Frame Store Only Store in 180{ - Henry Brown--His Sons - Col. Charles Anderson- - Cooper's Saw and Grist Mills - Cooper's Carding Machine - Virst Jail Built of Round Logs - Benjamin Van Cleve First Postmaster - Post-office in 1805-]821 - Post Riders SP OSHA Cai Meer Siar het ts ce Shoda womamuatee ne stsiuvlla ioe

Down--New Settlers - Colonel Robert Patterson - McCullum's Tavern First Brick Building - -Used as a Court House--Dayton Library Society - Tirst Great Flood - Levees - Jonathan Harshman - Licerses - -Ferries - Cooper's New Plat of Dayton - Public Square in the Center of Third and Main Street Crossing--Brick Court House - First Brick Stores--Four General Merchandise Stores--Country Produce Taken Instead of Cash - -Difficulty of the Trip East for Goods--Trouble in Collecting Debts - Mode of Bringing Merchandise to Dayton - Trains of Pack Horses- - -Dayton Academy - John Folkerth - New Roads Opened--Miserable Condition of Roads - First Brick Private Residenec - Advertisemeuts of Business Men in the Reperlory - Troop of Light Dragoons--Taverns- - Dr. Welsh - -Dr,. Elliott - Lirst Drug Store - Abram Darst - -Revised Town Plat - Feurth of July, 1809 - First Political Convention -~-Navigation of the Miami, 1809-1825 - Keelboats Between Dayton and Lake Erie - Flatboating to New Orleans - -First Book Published in Dayton--Fourth of July, 1810--Oration by Joseph H. Crane - Militia Drill - Shakers Mobbed - Political Animosity - Two Public Dinners, July 4, lSt1 - Earthquakes - Prosperity of Town, Voges Lo} oceans Wwe PAA NR Leta dhadecus Me oleae acta 5s eR diet etl stun ail Blade daw ahd eee of 1812 - Agpressions of Great Kritain - Tecumseh and the Prophet--Ohio Militia Ordered to Report at Dayton - General Munger Orders a Draft - Militia Bivouae Without Tents at Library Park- - -Governor Meigs Arrives - Issues 2 Call to Citizens for Blankets - Block Houses Built in Montgomery County- - Colonel Johnston Holds Council of Shawnees - Generals Gano and Cass Arrive - Three Regiments of Infantry Formed - First Troops Organized by Obio - General Hull and Staff Arrive - - - -Governor Meigs Surrenders Command to Hull - The Gove:nor and General Review Troops - The Three Regiments March Across Mad River to Camp Meigs-- Leave Cainp Meigs for Detroit - Diiiicult March - Arrive at Detroit in Good Spirits - Munger's Brigade Disbanded - Army Contraciors Make Purchases at Dayton - - Hull's Surrender - Consternation of the Veople--Hand Gill Issued at Dayton, Calling for Volunteers - Captain Steele's Company - Suffering of Families of Soldiers - Kentucky 'Troops Arrive--Harrison Calls for Volunteers and Horses - Dayton Ladies Make 1,800 Shirts for Soldiers--l-xpedition Against Indians Near Muncietow: - -War Ended - Returning Troops Eneamped on Main Street - Dayton Companies Welcomed Home........ fAgpel os Ale HG. het hRE Wa ae alate Feast Saides woes SoMa RE AIT SONNET C OS AR

Chapter Ix

Mechanics' Societ y - Thanksgiving on May dta - Dayton Bank - Alexander Grimes - Stone Jail - Mr. Forrer's Account of Dayton in 1814 - Calonel David Reid - J. W. Van Cleve's Description of Wiood of 1sl4 - Proclamation of Peace - lFemale or itable and Bil ole Society - First Market House - Dayton Merchants in 1815 - HU.

the People - Trade by Wagon to Fort Wayne - Dayton in 1827 - Medical Spring - Traveling Museum- - First Fire Wardens - Excitement at Fires - Ilood in 1828 - Dayton Guards - lbusiness in 1828 - Price of Proper!y - Temperance Society - New Market House - Hivalry Between Dayton and Cabintown - Seely's Basin - Peasley's Garden - Miniature Locomotive and Car Exhibited in the Methodist Church - Daytonians Take Their First Railroad Ride - Seneca Indians Camp in Dayton - Steele's Dam - General R. C. Schenck - Fugitive Slave Ceptured in Dayton - First Railroad Incorporated - Flood of 1832 - Relief Sent to Cincinnati Flood Sufterers-- Pohittical Excitement - Council Cut. Down a Jackson Pole - Cholera in 1832- - -Silk Manufactory Established--Kighth of Jenuary Barbecue - Procession of Mechanies, July 4, 1$33 - Taverns - Town Watchmen- - Bridge Over the Mi: ommemorative Services - Iire Guards - One Story Stone Jail Built - First Carriers' New Year's Address - Board of Ilealth - -Fire Alarm- - R. A. Thruston.

Chapter Xi

to Sustain Council - Library Park - Dayton Business Men iu 1837 - Value of Property- - Abolition Mob - Mad River ILydraulic - Montgomery Blues - Philharmonie Society - Shin VPilasters - Thomas Morrison- - -Zoodlogical Musecum- - -William Jennison, the Naturalist - Turnpikes - Act of Legislature Authorizing State Aid to

Turnpikes Cooper Hydraulic - Fire Department - An Anti-Slavery Society Formed- - - Reward Oftered for Arrest of a Fugitive Slave - John W. Van Cleve's Map of Dayton - Dayton Silk Company Tneorporated-- First County Fair--Morus Multicaulis Excitement - -Swaynie's Hotel- - -Curpets Manufactured in Dayton - An Old-Time Fire --Number of Buildings Erected in 1839--Mosquitoes--Log Cabin Newspaper- - Improved Stage Coaches - Harrison Convention--Numbers in Attendance - -Enthusiasm- - Hospitality of Dayton People - Banners Presented...............c.ccsseessceseennee spa

Chapter Xii

Municipal History - Beginning of Corporate History - Original Boundaries of the Town Site - Difficulties Connected with Securing Titles - First Town Mlection - Boundaries of the Settlement - Select Council in 1816 and Other Years - Boundaries of Wards --Addition to Market-house - City Officers from 1830 to 1850 - Officers' Salaries - Boundary Lines Defined - Polling Places Established in 1844 - Cholera in 1s49 - Officers from 1830 to 1889 - The Fire Department - Board of Health - City Police Dayton Police Benevolent Association - Water VWorks - Postolice............cccssds seeeee 193

Chapter, Xiv

The Great Floods - That of January 2, 1847 - That of September 19, 1866 - That of February 3 and 4, 1883 - The Local Flood of May 12, 1886--With Statements of Losses, Descripuwonm OlVE lOOGSNAOveN cee SIME AE Retake ee Se attalbuiu nee bic Mico dal aketesmae se 262

Chapter Xy

War with Mexico - The Nueces River the Boundary Between the United States and Mexico - The rection of Fort Brown - Beginning of Hostilities - Battle of Palo Alto - Calling out of Troops - War Spirit in Dayton - Recruiting Office Opened -

' Public Meeting - Resolutions Adopted - -Military Parade - Approval of Call for : Fifty Thousand Men - Executive Cominittee Appointed - Troops Organized and Leave Dayton- - Battle of Montgomery - Return of First Troops - Attitude of the Whigs - Resolutions by Returned Soldiers - Conclusion of the Mexican War - -War of the Rebellion - Nomination of Lincoln in 1850 - seorge W. Houk on Southern Members of the Charleston Convention - Vallandigham Klected to Congress - Petition Circulated - Democratie Resolution - Attenipt to Assassinate Mr. Lincoln -

Various and Conflicting Opinions - Attack on Fort Sumter - Troops Organized - Relief of Solders' Famities--Mr. Vallandigham's Letter in Cincinnati Maguirer - Relief Societies - Military Companies - Military Committee for Montgomery County

Alas So 44979

Soldiers' Families - Union League - Burnside's Order No, 88 - Vallandigham's Arrest - Destruction of Journed Office - Martial Law - Moregan's Raid - Soldiers' Fair and Bazaar - Destruction of Daytou dMmpire Office--Ohio National Guard - Draft in 186{ - Rejoicing Over Lee's Surrender - Assussination of Lincoln - Sammary of : Dayton's Enlistment - History of First Osio R giment - Of Ninety-third Regiment - - - National Soldiers' IYome - Soldiers' Monument...........c eee peleeaaer os ciGnalerbabeeiaes amaarOete 8

Mereantile and Commercial - Numerous Branches of Trade and Commerce - Numtbers of Firms in Business in Various Years - The Wholesale and Retail Grocer - Dry Goods Dealers - Extent of Trade - Disproportionate - Explanation - Dayton Exchange

Circular Issued - Railroad Construction from Nenia to Washington - Cheap Coala Desideratum - Death of the Exchange--Completion of the Railroad into Jackson County - Gradual Reduction in Price of Coal - New Board 'of Trade - Its Efforts in Behalttiohthe Frosperityiok tier @utiy Users I Ahk. TA REST ieh Ue Mi sea ce dencetes Pesto cc wees the Bank - Final Suspension of Specie Paymeints - Closing up the Business of the 3ank - New Banking Law Promised - On National Bainks--Various Views - New