BlockBefore
Decorative drawing: an ornate nineteenth-century American house. Not a photograph of this place.

Nomination for Bull, Jonah, House

The case file that argued this property on to the National Register: 13,073 words across 64 pages, filed in 2008. Read by 4 independent recognisers, of which at least 3 had to agree before a line was published.

Source document Held by the National Archives in Record Group 79 as reference 08001198, where it exists only as a scan with no text layer. The words below were read off that scan by 4 independent recognisers at two resolutions. Only lines that at least 3 of them returned identically appear below; where they disagreed, the line is withheld rather than guessed, so some of the form's furniture is missing. Spelling is never corrected, so a stray character that all the readers agreed on is the recogniser's and the typewriter's.. Nothing is summarised, corrected or written by this site. See the catalogue record, or return to the property.

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) NOV 07 2008 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NAT. REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property Bull. Jonah. House Other names/site number N/A 2.

Location street & number 2233 Wayne Avenue O not for publication city or town - vicinity code OH county Montgomery _ code 113 zip code 45410-2138 3. State/Federal Agency Certification determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the Dept. Head Ohio Historic Preservation Office, Ohio Historical Society State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property - meets does not meet the National Register criteria. ( See continuation sheet for additional comments.) 4. National Park Service Certification determined not eligible for the - See continuation sheet.

other (explain): Ohio Date Dayton state National Register Signature of certifying official Historic name entered in the National Register RECEIVED 2280 removed from the National Register Signature of commenting or other official Date of Action requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property J meets does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend fhat this property be considered significant -] nationally [ statewideX locally.

([]See continuation sheet for additional Signature of Kceper 198 Inventory & Registration Bull, Jonah, House Montgomery County, Ohio Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) X private - building(s) - public-Federal Name of related multiple property listing Number of contributing resources previously listed in the 6. Function or Use Historic Functions Current Functions 7. Description Late Victorian/Italianate Foundation object Stone/Limestone public-State Brick public-local Total Noncontributing other Asphalt Materials National Register Architectural Classification walls structure Domestic/Single dwelling site roof Narrative Description 5.

Classification (Enter categories from instructions) (Check as many boxes as apply) Category of Property (Check only one box) Ownership of Property district (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Bull, Jonah, House Section number Z Page 1 Montgomery County, Ohio The Jonah Bull House is located at 2233 Wayne Avenue, Dayton, Montgomery County, Ohio. It is an impressive domestic/single-family, two-story Italianate brick farmhouse built in 1872, with later Colonial Revival attributes. The house sits in the heart of a 2.38 acre lot on top of a hill overlooking Wayne Avenue. The high ground on which the property rests gives it a secluded, removed feel from the busy intersection nearby.

The house is situated at a prominent Y-shaped intersection that includes Wayne Avenue and the north to south elevation - 26 feet wide at the narrow sections. It is a cross plan; with a three bay, two story a basement that is partially walk-through with five crawl spaces included. A 13.5 foot by 18 foot lean to summer porch was added to the west elevation in the late 1980s. The house is a couple of miles east/southeast of downtown Dayton. The associated and contributing original rear walkways leading to the house providing a warm, old fashion welcome to family and friends. A concrete was just south of Dayton's corporate limits and all lands beyond were rural. There are a few other examples of this area's rural past nearby.

These include the Nicholas Ohmer House built in 1864 and listed to the National Register of Historic Places (1974) and the Michael Ohmer House built in 1853 and surveyed on the Ohio Historic Inventory (MOT-5056-61). There are also two houses farther south along Wilmington Pike built in the mid-nineteenth century at 507 and 510 Wilmington Pike. And across the street is the former Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum listed to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 (2335 Wayne Avenue) and now known as 10 Wilmington Place, an assisted living community. Exterior Description The house foundation is made of stone and the main structure is made of brick, with an American or Common bond. The brickwork bond is composed of seven courses of stretchers to each course of headers. The gable roof the three bays on the east façade of this wing are covered by a full-width, hip-roofed porch.

The porch is supported by Ionic columns and decorated with Ionic pilasters. The balustrade has been replaced with iron railing. The iron rails with brass top railings replaced the wooden railings in 1947. Other ornamentation older, wrap-around or full-width porch in the early 1900s. The 1918 Sanborn map is the first one to provide coverage of this property. By 1918, the existing footprint was already in place with its one-story, full-width Overview Narrative Description CONTINUATION SHEET is covered with asphalt shingles.The long wing faces the road (east) and has a raised porch foundation on all includes the cornice with a row of dentils.It is likely that this Colonial Revival influenced porch replaced an facade.The house is configured with 12 separate rooms plus two and one half bathrooms.

It has a full attic and three sides.This foundation is constructed of large limestone slabs on a stone foundation (Photo 1).Currently, Wilmington Pike. The main structure is 70 feet long(east to west elevation) and 32 feet at its widest point in on the property. Two sprawling ten-foot tall, four-foot wide contributing wooden arches adorn the front and wall surrounds the east, north, and part of the west property boundaries. At the time of construction, this area porch. barn is still intact and is now used as a garage and for storage. There is also a contributing gazebo and pergola NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number Z Page 2 Montgomery County, Ohio The architect/builder left his mark on the house's exterior by using several distinguishing techniques. One was the bricking method. The bricks are laid end-to-end lengthwise in most of the courses. However, in every seventh course of bricks, they are laid side-to-side, thus displaying skilled masonry work and masomy had exterior symmetry. This was achieved by installing faux windows on the exterior to resemble windows with sash wood with limestone sills and lintels. There are several different configurations for these windows, they include six-over-six, two-over-four, and two-over-two. A small round-arched, fixed-sash window with four- hardware.

As mentioned above, the shutters were also used to create the sense of a closed window when in reality there was no window opening. An alteration has been made on the south elevation. The projecting small wing's first-story windows have been reconfigured. Originally, this bay would have included two double-hung windows on the first and second floors. However, in 1947, the owners removed the first-story windows and installed a 28-pane picture window (Photos 3 and 7). The original stone sills and lintels were salvaged to recreate them for this window. The north elevation windows are the original double-hung windows. Most of the windows have stainless steel storm windows attached to the frames, added in the late 1940s. The side porch located on the south elevation has been altered with square-post porch supports. one-story, lean-to, three-season room with hot tub.

This room was added in 1988 (Photo 8). The roof is gabled with an arch-shaped window in the east gable. The main roof has a plain cornice, four been replaced with asphalt shingles. The most recent shingles were installed in 1994, still mounted on the original lath roof structure. At that time two layers of cedar shakes and three layers of asphalt shingles were removed. An original lightning rod system frames the sides of the house and roof (Photo 4). The ends of the rods are brass and have been shaped into five-point deer antler tips. Interior Description The interior of the Jonah Bull house is in excellent condition. The rooms are large and spacious with some very ornate features. There are 12 rooms with two-and-one-half bathrooms. The house (and barn) was built before there was electricity and indoor plumbing.

Both modern conveniences were added around the turn of the 20th copper and plastic in the mid 1990s. There are some knob-and-tube electrical wires, but that was partially updated in the 1960s and then again in the mid 1990s. The knob-and-tube wiring is still visible and used in the prism glass window and decorative transom (Photo 1). The windows throughout the house are double-hung basement and attic.Period appropriate electric lights are now attached to walls in several rooms where gas The small wing on the west elevation of the house has also undergone an alteration.This is the addition of a lamps once adorned these walls(Photo 6).Plaster cornices and ceiling medallions decorate each of the living the gable peak (Photos 2 and 3).All the windows are flanked by original wood shutters and retain their historic construction practices of the time (Photo 4).

The architect/builder also went to great length to assure the house lights is located in the east facade's gable peak.A bull's-eye window is located on the south elevation also in their shutters closed (Photos 2 and 4). The main door located on the east facade is a single-panel door with a century. The plumbing still consists of some galvanized and cast iron pipes, although much of it was updated to chimneys, and is shingled. Photo 4 shows two of these chimneys. The roof was originally cedar shake, but has NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number Z Page 3 Montgomery County, Ohio spaces.

Some speculation exists as to the date of the interior plaster ceiling work; the decorative plaster has some Neo-Classical features and therefore is assumed to have been added during the Colonial Revival period, most likely in the early 1900s. However a comparison of the interior plasterwork of the Nicholas Ohmer house, a neighboring cross plan Italianate home believed to be constructed by the same builder, shows very similar features. The Nicholas Ohmer home has been documented as having an intact, original interior and was listed in the National Register in 1974. (See figures 4, 11) Using this comparison it is believed the ceiling plaster in the Jonah Bull House may be original, and the work of a local builder. There is a different design for each room.

For example: the molding in the dining room is patterned with a rosebud shape (Photo 5) while the living room is adorned with fruit-shaped medallion. The Jonah Bull house also has five fireplaces. Four of these have marble fronts and mantels (Photo 6). The fireplace in the family room was altered in 1947 when fire brick and a marble mantel were added. Along with the plaster ceiling medallions there are also crystal heavy chandeliers (Photos 5 and 7). The walls and the ceilings are all made of plaster, except for the walls of the kitchen, as it was remodeled in 1947. It is paneled with knotty pine. The sink was also removed from the utility room and located in the kitchen, and a broom closet was added. Two upstairs closets and one hallway wall each display a curved/rounded corner, also constructed of plaster and lath.

In the mud 1940s the upstairs full bathroom was There are two pantries located on the first floor. One is off the kitchen and is now used as a utility room, and the other is off the dining room and retains its original cupboards and cabinets. There are two staircases, each with 17-steps. One is located near the front door and one located in the middle of the house with access from This home is snuggled back among big beautiful trees and is set upon a hill that is supported by a large retaining wall. This concrete re-enforced wall is approximately 100 years old. (An 1872 plat map of the area does not show the wall. However, a 1918 Sanborn Fire Map does. See Figures 9, 25) About half of the wall on the north side of the property and the entire east side of the wall belong to the property. The remaining north half and that on the west side belong to the City of Dayton.

The big hill allows for privacy and also a nice yard. There is a gazebo (Photo 12) and a pergola located on the south side of the house, which provides the property with a The most prominent features of the setting are the giant 200-year old maple (Photos 2 and 3), pine, catalpa, and locust trees that tower over the house and property. Also a huge 200-year old green ash tree looms over the back of the property, providing a vast amount of shade for the vegetation below. In the front yard, stands a large Siberian Elm tree - resistant to the dreaded Dutch elm disease. These trees, surrounding bushes, and flowering pear and crab apple trees all but conceal the house from the street. This obscures the house from Wayne Avenue and intersecting Wilmington Avenue traffic, establishing a private living area. A front wood-planked barn. the dining room. OMB No.

1024-0018 on the floor.The shower/tub area was updated again in the late 1990swith a plastic shell overlay and wall. Setting remodeled. It now has peach ceramic tile part way up the walls, and small white hexagonal white ceramic tiles comfortable, "homey" atmosphere. The home still retains a rustic look with its original brick, and the adjacent NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number Z Page 4 Montgomery County, Ohio flowerbed contains Lilies of the Valley that are a unique, old fashion strain of pink lilies that are rarely found four interior benches for comfortable sitting, surrounded by ornamental bushes and a large tree making for a serene setting.

The pergola, also added sometime prior to 1918, is an arbor nestled behind the main house with a trellis roof supporting climbing, flowering vines. A working fountain is located adjacent to the pergola, the setting. In the early days of the house when guests arrived, they would be dropped off from their carriages and proceed through the rear arch (Photo 3). When they left, they would exit through the front arch (Photo 2), Prior to creation of the surrounding streetcar suburb, this property was located outside the city corporation limits and was a rural area with its most noticeable neighbor being the former Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum (NR Listed 1979), built in 1855 and transformed in to a state hospital. It is currently known as 10 Wilmington Place - an assisted-living facility.

A Three-Bay Threshing barn, also commonly called an English barn or Three-bay barn, is the only historic outbuilding (Photo 9). This barn is timber-framed, with post-and-beam construction. It is side-gabled with a were no window openings; however small windows have been punched through and some are currently boarded over. The barn has hand-hewn beams as the main part of the infrastructure, with the original planks attached to North America. However, they are fast disappearing. Even though this barn has undergone alteration, it still also difficult to provide an accurate time of construction for this barn. There are no written records to confirm its construction. However, all indications point to a date prior to 1850 and as early as 1805. These include the barn's use of machine and handmade nails which were common between 1790 and 1820.

The up-and-down saw marks on a few of the timbers that weren't hand hewn are indicative prior to 1850s. Hand hewn timbers were replaced around 1840-1850 when machines were common. The Cooper sawmill that would have provided the wooden cross-members burned down in 1820. There is no cellar, indicative of barns prior to the 1830s. It is also likely that Robert Wead built the barn after he purchased the land for his son for farming in 1805. The barn is rectangular in shape, 40-feet long by 32-feet wide. The timber-framed construction uses massive timbers that are tightly fitted together with mortise and tenon joints and secured with hardwood pegs. The main beams are hand hewn, while the cross member timbers are sawn with straight up-and-down marks. The framing is all pegged. The only nails used are for flooring, walls, and various support mechanisms.

These square nails are machine-cut shanks with handmade-heads. There are three-bays on the south side, and two still retain the log hay cribs or troughs (Photo 11) in which hay was fed from the loft for feeding animals. The walls are Barn National Park Service it is sided with vertical boards with small ventilation openings located on the gable ends.Historically there There are several Sanborn maps depicting the subject property.These are the1918,1950,and1955Sanborn central runway. The barn is single story with a partial loft for hay storage.There is a low stone foundation and elsewhere.The gazebo(Photo 12),added prior to 1918,is a free-standing wooden structure with a tin roof and allowing for a soothing, relaxing sitting at any time of the day. Two arches add both charm and practicality to as this arch has a step to help "lift" people back into their horse-drawn carriages.

the barn frame (Photo 10). Timber-framed barns were the most common type of barn construction in eastern retains the key characteristics of its post and beam construction and is a representative example of its type. It is NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number Z Page 5 Montgomery County, Ohio hand hewed or machined, with the bark still attached. A partial concrete floor was added in 1964. The roof now has asphalt shingles. These were replaced in the 1980s. The rail holding the central or wagon door on the east side is still mounted, but this door has been replaced with modern overhead garage doors.

There is no central door on the opposite (west) side, as there is a steep hill directly behind the barn, making entry and exit a Outside, remnants of a lightning rod system lay at the side and back of the barn. The barn was changed into a attached to the oak/ash barn frame. The original animal stalls are still an integral part of this barn, complete with feeding troughs and a hayloft. The right front corner of the barn is constructed with a stack of cut stones (Photo 9), marking this as the cornerstone of this structure. One section of the barn was paneled and was once used as an animal hide tanning The house is still in great shape. The sound construction techniques used in building this structure have allowed it to hold up to housing many families as well as withstand the forces of nature for many, many decades. The same holds true for the barn.

The hand-hewn beams/construction of this building is still solid as the day it was built. And the setting has been groomed as much as possible to maintain the original farm-like atmosphere. Summary challenge. area. OMB No. 1024-0018 garage in the late 1940's, and is currently used as a garage and for storage. The original planking is still constructed with pine vertical siding/planks. The under floor framing consists of tree trunks or large limbs not Bull, Jonah, House Montgomery County, Ohio 8. Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

(Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for - A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our B Property is associated with the lives of persons X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values. 1872 - 1947 whose components lack individual distinction. -D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield information A owned by a religious institution or used for religious Significant Person - B removed from its original location. - C a birthplace or a grave. -D a cemetery. - E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. - F a commemorative property. DG less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within 9.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS) Primary location of additional data ] preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) X State Historic Preservation Office - Other State agency ] previously listed in the National Register ] previously determined eligible by the National Register - Local government designated a National Historic Landmark - University - recorded by Historic American Buildings Suvey -Other - recorded by Historic American Engineering Record history. Architecture purposes. Criteria Considerations Bibliography Federal agency Cultural Affiliation Signifcant Dates Applicable National Register Criteria Architect/Builder National Register listing) has been requested. Period of Significance significant in our past.

(Enter categories from instructions) Name of repository: Areas of Significance or represents a significant and distinguishable entity the past 50 years. Narrative Statement of Significance important in prehistory or history. (Mark "X" in all the boxes that apply.) (Complete if Criterion Bis marked above) Property is: (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sbeets) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page 6 Montgomery County, Ohio The Jonah Bull House is significant under Criterion C as a nineteenth-century vernacular interpretation of the development of substantial homes outside the city limits of Dayton just before the explosive suburban growth in the early twentieth century and is one of the few remaining examples of rural residential architecture from this time period. The house is also an important representative example of the work of local builders, believed to be the contracting firm of Beaver and Butt, prominent in the Dayton area in the mid to late nineteenth century.

The history and architecture of the Jonah Bull House reflects the history and development of this area from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century. Most Americans think of suburbs as recent developments built since the end of WWII. However, Americans have been extending their cities outward through suburban developments since the middle of the nineteenth century. Suburbs were made possible through transportation - the earliest by ferryboat and horse-drawn carriage, then followed by train, by horse-drawn omnibus, by electric streetcar (nationally introduced in 1888/locally introduced in 1895), and after 1908, by automobile. Each era Before improvements in transportation, the most desirable homes were located downtown, allowing for residents to walk between work, shopping, and church.

However by the 1850s, wealthy citizens desired houses apart from the negative qualities of the city but close enough for daily contact. Therefore, the landscape of the American city took on the shape of a donut with its urban center, a ring of working class houses, and then single family homes with private carriages for an easy commute. By the 1870s, the suburban ideals began by the upper-class elite had become the American dream and the uses of horse-drawn and later electrical trolleys made it possible. This created the more familiar landscape of a city center with suburbs developing like spokes of a The subject property is located in the neighborhood that would become Walnut Hills, a streetcar suburb.

However, before the streetcar extended this far east/southeast, the Walnut Hills neighborhood was home to substantial houses that overlooked the developing downtown and two landmark institutions. The earliest institution is Woodland Cemetery, one of the nation's five oldest rural/garden cemeteries. Woodland Cemetery shares a border with Walnut Hills and was founded in 1841 and expanded to 247 acres. It contains about 100,000monuments including headstones, mausoleuns, and obelisks and its gateway, chapel, and office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (1978). For several decades, Woodland Cemetery was a destination for Dayton citizens. It was used as a public park - a place to visit, picnic, and enjoy views of the downtown without the dirt, smells, noise, and smog of the city.

The second institution was the construction of the Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum in 1855 (NR Listed 1979). Around the time of construction, the site is described as, "the most beautiful in Ohio, and seems to have been specially designed by nature for such an institution. It overlooks the city of Dayton, and the Miami Valley spreads out in a magnificent panoramic view, delighting the eye and filling the heart of the beholder with awe and reverence." Overview (www.heritagepursuit.com/Montgomery/MontgomeryChapXXI.htm accessed1/26/07) Italianate style with a Latin cross plan.The Jonah Bull House is a transitional property representing the Statement of Significance produced a distinctive suburban landscape. wheel along these trolley lines. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page ] Montgomery County, Ohio It is no wonder that several prominent homes (including the Jonah Bull House) are located nearby also taking advantage of this setting. These wealthy landowners purchased or inherited this land before it was valued for suburban sprawl. Instead, this land was valued for its beauty but not close enough to downtown for wealthy individuals to live here. Located approximately two-miles east/southeast of Dayton, a commute to the city by horse or horse cars would take approximately a half hour (McClelland 2002:14). However over time, as the city Dayton Becomes a City Montgomery County was officially formed in 1803. On February 12,1805, the Legislature passed an act incorporating the town of Dayton.

According to Beers, History of Montgomery County, 1882, the act provided: following limits, that is to say, beginning on the bank of the Miami where the sectional line between the second and third sections, fifth township, and Seventh Range intersects the same; thence east with said line to the middle of Section 33, second township, Seventh Range; thence north two miles; thence west to the Miami; thence down the same to the place of beginning, shall be and the same is hereby erected into a town corporate, which shall henceforth be known and distinguished by the name of the town of Dayton.

Van Buren Township Beers, Montgomery County Township, 1882, states that: --The history of this civil subdivision of Montgomery County is, to a great extent, identical with that of the city and township of Dayton - fourteen sections, whole and fractional, or nearly one half of the territory included within its present boundaries, were originally a part of the famous tract known as "The Seventh and Eighth Ranges'. Field surveys revealed that there were thirty- five or thirty-six different tracts of land in what is now Van Buren Township. Dayton was a common center and immediately after the arrival of the permanent colony in 1796, a portion of the lands now included in Van Buren Township were selected and occupied by members of that first band of pioneers. One of the very early settlers in the Dayton Colony was John Folkerth.

He owned land where the Insane Asylum now stands, and lived in that vicinity until his death. He was a prominent business man in Dayton for many years. One of the earliest points settled in Van Buren Township was in the vicinity of what is now known as Beavertown. Ebenezer Wead came from near Lexington, Kentucky. In 1798 he entered lands in Section 24 (fractional), Town 2, Range 6, at the United States Land Office in Cincinnati in that year, and in the following year he made it his permanent home. His sons were --That such part of the township of Dayton in the county of Montgomery as is included in the Also that: began to grow and transportation improved, this area became more valuable, leading to subdivisions. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number & Page 8 Montgomery County, Ohio John and Robert. Robert purchased eighty acres of land from John Folkerth, where the asylum is now located. This he settled on and improved, and afterward added to, until he owned 320 acres. His son John S Wead inherited the fine farm in the southeast quarter of Section 32, Town 2, Walnut Hills Development Railroad and Horse car suburbs were established nationwide between 1840 and 1890.

They have been commonly called borderlands and described as, "houses so far apart that even in winter they cast shadows on their own lots...Are ordered about a carriage and horseback pace, not a pedestrian one." (McClelland 2002:14) This area of Dayton was never organized or recognized as a railroad or horse car suburb. However, its development mirrors this movement by private individuals and organized horse-drawn omnibuses. Walnut However, the density of this area began to change within the next few decades. This can be seen by comparing the 1851 atlas with the 1869 and 1872 atlases. (Figures 6, 8, 9) In 1851, the landholdings are large with little organized development. Nearby lands are dedicated to stone quarries. There are a few major landowners and landholders. Two of the earliest landholders were Robert Edgar and Ebenezer Wead.

The area did not receive Sanborn map coverage until 1918, by this time, the infill of smaller lots around the Bull House can be readily Avenue as Wyoming Ave., still some half a mile or more further to the northwest of the Bull property. (Figures Robert Edgar came to Dayton in September 1795, with Daniel C. Cooper (founder of Dayton), as chain-carrier, and in 1796 returned and remained as a citizen. Ebenezer Wead came to Dayton from Lexington, Kentucky, in 1799. Both had children and these children inherited land in the immediate area. The year before he had entered fractional Section 24 of Range 7, in Van Buren Township, where he settled. He had two sons - John and Robert, a tailor by trade. In 1805 Robert Wead bought 80 acres of land where the Insane Asylum now stands, and by hard work gradually purchased more land, until he had 320 acres.

He first married Jane Gibson, by whom he had two children. One of them - John Stewart Wead - inherited the farm southwest of the Asylum, on which he lived for over fifty years, and died in 1893. Robert Edgar built his homestead in the vicinity and planned to use part of his 160 total acres for a limestone quarry - one of several in the area. Part of Edgar's land was quarried for crushed limestone that was used to Samuel Edgar inherited the land and donated part of the land to build the Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum at the top of the hill along Wayne Avenue - the building directly across Wilmington Avenue from the Jonah Bull House. Robert Edgar's lasting impression on the area can most strongly be seen in the two large homes he built for his daughters. Both of these homes are now funeral homes on Wayne Avenue.

The Edgar homes were constructed in the mid-1860s and represent the movement of wealthy citizens to the outskirts of Dayton. At the time of construction this area was located on high ground overlooking downtown. Their locations would have allowed for large lots with outbuildings but also travel to downtown would have been possible. Of these two Range 7. 5,23) build the roads that connected Walnut Hills to downtown around the turn-of-the-19th-century. Robert's son Hills in the mid-nineteenth century was a rural landscape of farms, orchards, and a large stone quarry. seen (Figure 24, 25). Map coverage of the 1887 and 1897 Sanborn maps extend only as far down Wayne NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page 9 Montgomery County, Ohio homes, the one located at 1712 Wayne Avenue - the Westbrock Funeral Home, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places (1988). Figure 30 shows the landholdings of Edgar, Ohmer, and Wead in relation to the Bull built large homes with magnificent views, but at the same time, they took advantage of the changing environment. And within the next few decades, they actively divided their landholdings and worked to encourage streetcar lines into the area. could walk in 30 minutes (Knox 1994:89). This allowed the city's housing for middle-class residences to extend, and houses were built within a 5-to-10 minute walk of the streetcar line (McClelland 2002:13). Walnut single-family residences.

During the early twentieth century, Walnut Hills and other neighborhoods nearby became popular places to live due to the safe location away from possible floodwaters like those of the 1913 flood. Later, the area became and others. Many local businesses and stores (such as Esther Price Candies) united through civic and religious organizations, such as St. Anthony Catholic Church and Ohmer Park Methodist Episcopal church. The 1918 Sanborn maps, updated in 1932, 1950, and again in 1955 show the building boom in this neighborhood with infill of small residential lots and comparatively smaller housing stock comprised mostly of one and a half story bungalows. (See Figures 24, 26, 27) Parks, such as the Walnut Hills Park, established in 1926, met the recreational needs of the local residents. Wayne Avenue was transformed from a residential street to a commercial street leading to downtown.

Several older commercial structures are still standing along with former single-family residences converted to commercial buildings, and recent modern commercial chains have started to build in this neighborhood. The buildings are sited on both vacant lots, and in some cases older structures are being demolished. Development south of the subject property is representative of the automobile suburb with most of its buildings dating from the late 1920s and 1940s and designed in the Minimal Traditional style. The Wayne and Wilmington avenues intersection is characterized as high volume. Its Y-shape and buildings located on all corners makes it difficult for altering traffic patterns. Jonah Bull Property History Montgomery County. Section 32 is in Van Buren Township. Section 33 is in Mad River Township. About 85% of the house and property is located in Van Buren Township.

A small protrusion of the north side of the house, the north side of the front wrap-around porch, and a small section of land are located in Mad River Township. Hills is a classic example of a streetcar suburb with its rectilinear subdivisions abutting the streetcar lines. The farm.These early landowners recognized the beauty and desirable location that Walnut Hills offered. They The streetcar development began with the help of Sam Edgar.He and Michael Ohmer were instrumental in home to the employees of major Dayton corporations such as National Cash Register (NCR), Frigidaire, Delphi, neighborhood is developed with a grid pattern. The lots are small and the majority of houses are two-story, The deed for the property states that the house and property reside in Sections 32 and 33, Town 2, Range 7 of NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page 10 Montgomery County, Ohio In1805, Robert Wead purchased 80 acres of land from John Folkerth in Section 32 and the adjacent Section 26, and slowly bought other land in the area until he added to and owned 320 acres. Wead's son inherited this land in Section 32 and farmed the fertile property. It is likely that during this time the c. 1820 three-bay threshing An 1851 Atlas Map of Mad River Township and Van Buren Township shows that Sam D. Edgar owned and that Robert Wead's son J.S. Wead (also misspelled as Wade) farmed land in Section 32. (Figure 6) An 1869 atlas of these townships confirms that S. D. Edgar still owned the land in Section 33 plus a small plot in Sam Edgar had previously owned.

In 1872, Sam Edgar sold the property to Jonah Bull. The 1872 Montgomery County tax records show a ten-fold increase in property value during that year, indicating major construction on the property - the building of the house that now resides there. Jonah Bull purchased 4.01 acres of land from Edgar. Bull purchased four acres of land, and a substantial increase in tax records indicates that he built the existing about 12 years. He married Eliza Jane Braden in 1835 and had six children. The city directories show Jonah Bull, farmer, residing at the west side of Wayne Avenue opposite the Asylum from 1875 to 1881-1882. Living with him during most of this time is one of his sons - William Hamer Bull. He is listed as working at the Asylum as an attendant. The first listing for Jonah's other son Taylor is in 1882-83.

Taylor is also listed as a farmer living on Shakertown Pike, Van Buren Township. In 1883-1884 Taylor is listed as living at Shakertown Pike, Van Buren Township, and Jonah is listed as a farmer living on Shakertown Pike, near Wayne. It is not clear if Jonah and Taylor were living in the same residences. The 1894 obituary states that Jonah died at age eighty-two and the funeral was at his house on Shakertown Pike opposite the Asylum. From Edgar, 1896: --Jonah James Bull, farmer, P. O. Dayton, was born in Greene County, Ohio, February 28, 1812, a son of Thomas and Isabella Bull. His father was of English descent, born in 1763, on Bull's settlers there. Jameson was his mother's maiden name. She was of Irish parentage, born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1784. They immigrated to Ohio in 1800, and later bore two sons - Jefferson and Jonah J. Jonah was raised to farm life.

From the time he was eight years old, the time when his mother married her second husband, he lived with his grandmother, and with her aid, managed her affairs till twenty-four years of age. He worked at whatever he could get to do by the day or by the month. On coming to Montgomery County, Jonah purchased a fine farm in Van Buren Township, Montgomery County, where he resided -all the fruits of his own industry, aided by his good wife. Mr. Bull served his township as trustee for about 12 years. barn was constructed. as in Jonah Bull -owning the land currently being nominated. (Figure 9) This was part of the small plot that Section 32.(Figure 8) These are the parcels that encompass the subject property.An 1872map depicts J. B.- Prior to moving to Van Buren Township in 1872, Jonah James Bull was a farmer in Greene County.

At age 60, property in Section 33, Robert Wead (misspelled as Wade) owned land in Section 26 (adjacent to Section 32), home. Bull remained at the house until 1881 and was active in the community, serving as a township trustee for Run, in Virginia. The stream probably derived its name from the family, as they were very early NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page 11 Montgomery County, Ohio His marriage was consummated November 17, 1835, with Miss Eliza Jane Braden. To them six children were born. Bull appears to have been a successful farmer and like his neighbors, the Ohmers and Edgars, his house is an indication of his status in the community. It is a large two-story brick home with fine details.

His lot of four- acres would not have been enough for large-scale farming. It is assumed he was farming at his leisure. His reason for leaving Greene County and moving here is unknown. By 1881 Jonah Bull had amassed many debts and lawsuits. In 1881, Jonah Bull failed to pay on judgments against him and the property was sold to Samuel B. Bigger. He then moved up the road to his son's house where he died on April 25, 1894 at the age of 82 and is buried in Woodland Cemetery in Dayton, Ohio, just blocks from his old homestead. Sam Bigger was a treasurer for the First Presbyterian Church. In 1892 he Bigger sold the remaining property (2.38 acres) to Jeanette Kress. Jeanette Kress was the wife of Samuel Kress. Samuel Kress was a self-made man. His specialty was dealing in men's clothing.

His business built up an extensive reputation in Dayton, in the handling of clothing, hats, and men's furnishings. His company was known as the Sam Kress Company. In 1910 he became a Deacon in the First Presbyterian Church. Louis & Mary Loeber bought the house from Kress in 1946. Dr Loeber was a prominent medical doctor and had a practice on Xenia Ave in Dayton. He was a graduate of the University of Dayton as well as the University of Cincinnati Medical School. Dr Loeber was a member of the Phi Chi Alumni. He had practiced medicine in the Dayton area for over 50 years, and was a past president of the Dayton General Practioneers Association. He was known to often perform medical services from the confines of his own home. His earnings allowed him to maintain and update parts of the original Bull house. Dr Loeber passed away in 1988. His wife inherited the place till her death in 1992.

None of their four children (three sons and a daughter) were interested in keeping the house and property, so they sold it to Stephen and Sheila Benning in 1994. Mr. Stephen Benning is a Senior Electronics Engineer in a research laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in the Dayton, Ohio, area. Sheila Benning is the Office Manager of a local medical supply firm in nearby Vandalia, Ohio. Section 32 Samuel B. Bigger Jeanette Kress Louis & Mary Loeber Mary Loeber 8/16/1988 1/8/1925 4/21/1881 Grantor Date Grantee Louis Loeber Laurence Loeber 9/11/1946 Jonah Bull became a Deacon in the church. In 1914 Bigger sold five parallel plots to Charles Schnabel. In 1925, Sam The following is a list of property and homeowners for the Bull House property: 12/6/1991 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page 12 Montgomery County, Ohio Stephen & Sheila Benning Section 33 Samuel D. Edgar Samuel B. Bigger Jeanette Kress Louis & Mary Loeber Neighboring Communities The area of Van Buren Township contains nearly twenty-five square miles, and constitutes an area of rich, highly cultivated land, its nearness to the city of Dayton, like the land of Mad River Township, making it a desirable location for financial investment. One of the many sources of wealth found in southwestern Ohio have been built from stone taken from these quarries.

(Law, 1919) Oakwood, the little village in Van Buren that can almost shake hands with its friends in Dayton over the territory was added to, later." (Beers, Montgomery County Township, 1882) But it did not obtain its being counted in the city limits, it determined to be in a position to manage its own affairs, and in the summer of 1907 obtained a village charter. (History of Kettering, 2001 - 2006) Oakwood incorporated as a city in 1908 and in 1932, adopted the Council/Manager form of government that is The earliest settler in what is now Kettering was John Patterson, a farmer who built that area's first log cabin in 1798. In 1841, an expanding population forced the creation of this village and Van Buren Township approved the incorporation of the Village of Kettering, named for its most outstanding citizen, the famous philanthropist and inventor of the automobile self-starter, Charles F.

Kettering. (Edgar, 1896) In November 1952, voters took the first step to establish the Village of Kettering and later the City of Kettering. A special census in 1955 recorded the village population at 38,118 qualifying it for city status. Kettering was proclaimed a city on June 24, 1955, by the Secretary of the State of Ohio. (History of Kettering, 2001 - 2006) 9/11/1946 8/16/1988 12/6/1991 1/8/1925 5/1/1872 Grantor 4/21/1881 4/24/1994 Date Grantee still in place today. Jonah Bull Laurence Loeber Louis Loeber Mary Loeber articles of incorporation until the summer of 1907."Fearful of being caught as a Dayton suburb and thus Montgomery County lies in the stone quarries of Van Buren Township. Many public buildings in NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page 13 Montgomery County, Ohio The Jonah Bull House has both Italianate and later Colonial Revival details. The Latin cross plan is most commonly known in religious architecture, it is characterized by one longer gable-front wing bisected by a shorter cross gable wing. Often this uncommon variation is classified as a Gabled Ell or T-plan in domestic towns. The Jonah Bull House is a representative example of this plan with its long wing facing the road and decorated with a full-width porch. At the time of construction, the Italianate was the dominant architectural style. However, after the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, Colonial Revival styles dominated American architecture.

Because of this, several older homes were updated with Colonial Revival details. The Jonah Bull House clearly illustrates this movement. The house's form and several characteristics express its early architectural style; however sometime between 1920 and 1950 the house was renovated. It is likely that some of this work was done during the house's first known major renovation in 1947 when the previous owners decorative wood molding and plaster work in the interior, and a large multi-light picture window on the south (side) elevation. Landscape features of the gazebo and pergola also contribute to the Colonial Revival influence of the grounds. Italianate Architecture. According to Virginia and Lee McAlester's A Field Guide to American Houses, the Italianate style originated in England and the pattern books of Andrew Jackson Downing popular in the U.S.

between 1840 and 1885, and dominated new construction between 1850 and 1880. The McAlesters state, "It was particularly common in the expanding towns and cities of the Midwest as well as in many older but still growing cities of the northeastern seaboard." And according to Stephen C. Gordon's How to Complete the Ohio Historic Inventory, this architectural style was the most popular in the southern states due to the financial hardships resulting from the Civil War. By 1873, the Italianate style had begun its decline, antagonized by the country's financial panic and the subsequent depression. Some common characteristics of the Italianate style are the arched and curved elements that often appear additions." Large pane glass doors, versus multi-pane doors, first became popular with this style. Also Italianate dwellings are typically two or three stories, with low-pitched roofs.

There are many subtypes within the Italianate style, which include the simple hipped-roof, the centered-gable, the asymmetrical, the towered, the front-gabled roof, and the townhouse. (Pleasant Hill nomination) The Cross Plan in Montgomery County Cross plan and gabled ell type houses can be found in surprisingly concentrated numbers in Montgomery and Preble counties. A search of the Ohio Historic Inventory for house types of this nature in Montgomery county architecture. The Gabled Ell was a popular post-Civil War house type.

It was common in rural areas and small in window and door enframements.Large brackets are typically found along the cornices.Porches are published in the 1840s and 1850spopularized the style in the United States.Italianate architecture was Criterion C usually one-story in height.As observed by the McAlesters,"Small entry porches are most common; Ohio for private residences between 1867 and 1873. However, the style never gained in popularity in purchased the property. The most visible Colonial Revival characteristics included the porch, the addition of full-width porches are also frequent, although many of those seen today are later expansions or NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page 14 Montgomery County, Ohio and more specifically in the immediate area of the Bull house yielded a coverage of 13 homes that have been inventoried as having a Greek Cross, gabled ell, or T- plan. See Figure 22. Closer inspection reveals several properties that share distinctive characteristics, which may imply a local building firm constructed the Bull House that was prevalent in the area at the time the house was constructed. Of all these homes in the area, most were built later than the Bull house and were built with small, urban lots that fit precisely into the suburban neighborhoods developing in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

The Bull house appears to be among the last remaining cross plan, Italianate homes built before the area began to develop; a vestige of this rural character that once typified the Walnut Hills area. Key definingcharacteristics of these properties in the immediate area that respond comparatively to the Bull House: load bearing brick construction, cross plan configuration with a long, 2-3 bay wide gable end axis and short cross-lateral wings, low pitched roofline, limestone water table topping a cut stone foundation, semicircular arched window in gable, bull's eye window in cross gable, stone lintel with brackets, plain stone sill with brackets, tall, narrow double hung, 4/4 or greater, windows. Additional features also include eaves with modillion shaped brackets, embellished cornice and frieze with eave returns, and embellished door surrounds including bracketed lintels.

Architectural similarities between the John Butt House (MOT313857), located in the Oregon Historic District about 2 miles to the northwest. The Bull house, and both the Nicolas Ohmer and Michael Ohmer houses are apparent in their overall form, in the Italianate features, and in the large lots and setbacks the homes share a remnant of their rural past. The importance of the Butt House is that it does have an identified builder, John Ohmer house. Additionally the comparison between the Ohmer houses and the Bull house suggest that they share a common builder. Contractor John Butt built his Victorian Italianate house two doors north on Jackson Street, circa 1864, doorway is framed by a semi-circular arch with keystone and a tall shaped top on which are mounted plain pilasters, brackets and a molded shelf...

The other two bays are floor length windows 2/4 double hung sash with shaped stone lintels with labels... A small semi-circular 1/1 double hung gable end window has a hoodmold... The gables, which have returns, and the eaves are boxed cornice with frieze and brackets... There are two side porches each with two bays on the south side, the most forward of which is two story with scroll saw railings on the upper level and three semi-circular arches on the first. (Oregon Historic District nomination) (See Figure 13) Butt was a noted local contractor, along with his partner Benjamin Beaver, and was prolific in Dayton for forty years in the latter half of the nineteenth century. One commercial example of their work, the Kuhn Building (1883), was listed to the National Register in 1978. Since only Butt's own house surveyed in the Ohio Historic house with those that share similar features.

Some information is also known about Benjamin Beaver. length windows.The main entrance is the right (south) bay. The stone frontispiece of the recessed at number 126. This crusiform [sic] shaped residence is one of the most charming in Oregon. The Butt. The Butt house is visually striking in its likeness with both the Ohmer houses, particularly the Nicholas straight stone steps have a low stone railing. A false stoop of stone is on the ground in front of the floor NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page 15 Montgomery County, Ohio Benjamin N. Beaver, who lived at 55-61 Linden, was the co-founder of the firm Beaver and Butt, which manufacture of general building materials, they had contracts extending into neighboring states.

They employed as many as 500 men when they rebuilt the Lebanon Public Hall in 1877-78. In Dayton, they built the Kuhns Building and rebuilt the Turner Opera House (now the Victory Theatre) into Music Hall following a disastrous fire in 1869. Both of these buildings are on the National Register. They also did the carpentry work for St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church (now St. Paul United Methodist Church), which is within the district. The interior of Mr. Beaver's house reflects the quality of craftsmanship and of style in the decorative woodwork. (Huffman Historic District nomination) Two brothers, Nicholas and Michael Ohmer, purchased large parcels and established themselves on the same picturesque hill within blocks from the Jonah Bull House.

The Nicholas Ohmer House is located at 1350 Creighton Avenue and was listed to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 (Refnum 74001580). In addition to the Latin cross plan, these homes are similar to the subject property through their Italianate details and interior features such as elaborate woodwork, doors with transoms, and seven marble fireplaces. (See Figures 14 and 15) Also, principal rooms in the Nicholas Ohmer have retained their elaborate ceiling decorations. Nicholas Ohmer, the oldest son, inherited the family business of confectionaries and a restaurant. He expanded the business into a restaurant chain that extended east to Columbus and west to St. Louis. Ohmer was also interested in fruits and flowers, so he purchased a 108-acre fruit farm on the outskirts of downtown and erected his home there in 1864 (a portion of the land was purchased from Edgars).

The two-story brick Nicholas Ohmer House is a superb example of a southern Ohio, mid-Victorian farmhouse. Laid out in the shape of a Latin cross, the shorter, east-west axis bisects the longer, north- south axis midway. Both sections are gable roofed. The entrance is located in the right bay of the three- bay front (south) façade. It is recessed behind an arched opening over which there is a simple bracketed hood. All of the windows are shuttered and there is a small, round-arched window in the gable. One- story porches with elaborate, carved wood columns and brackets are placed on the west façade on either side of the centrally projecting gable end. The east façade is similar, though more elaborate, with a two- story porch at the northernmost end. On the north façade there is a half octagonal, latticed summer kitchen. The summer kitchen has the original brick floor.

All of the porches are original, though the carved "Eastlake" woodwork is a later modification. There is an elaborately denticulated frieze and bracketed cornice at the roofline. The entire structure is presently painted white...The interior architecture of the Ohmer House has been preserved. Elegant pine woodwork is heavily molded in Victorian patterns. The transoms have retained their original etched frosted glass. Seven marble fireplaces show high craftsmanship and the marble of the parlor decorations. (Nicholas Ohmer House National Register nomination) Figure 18 shows the west and south elevations of the Nicholas Ohmer House. Note the similarity in the overall form and massing. The Nicholas Ohmer house features a long north to south axis, emphasizing a linear form, was one of the largest firms in the city.

Specializing in general construction, planning, millwork and the mantel is of exceptional quality. The principal rooms have retained their elaborate plaster ceiling NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page 16 Montgomery County, Ohio interrupted briefly by cross lateral wing extensions. Figure 19 shows the east and north elevations displaying these similar features to the Bull house. Figure 3 is an interior shot of the Ohmer House that showcases the elaborate marble fireplace and chandelier that is also comparable with the Bull House interior. Figure 4 displays the floor-to-ceiling windows, crown molding, ceiling medallion, and large chandelier - the exact same features that have been used in the Bull House.

Figure 7 shows the Nicholas Ohmer house in its original farm setting, much in the same manner as the Bull House was originally. The Michael Ohmer house was built around 1853 and is located at 1421 Phillips Avenue (MOT-5056-61) Michael Ohmer was a successful cabinet and furniture maker and a member of one of Dayton's early prominent families. The Michael Ohmer House has a central hall and side passage. The interior doorways have plain molding, where the Bull House showcases ornate detailed molding. Michael Ohmer was instrumental in connecting the Wayne and Fifth Street Railway.This railway was chartered in 1871 and connected North the Jonah Bull House. front and wings. The Victorian gable-front and wing share a common right angle intersection of their Victorian Italianate decorative detailing. This floorplan has a central hall and side passage.

Over the past century, the house has remained essentially intact; however there have been substantial alterations, an extremely destructive fire, little scheduled maintenance, and severe neglect until the 1980s. The house was subdivided (ca. 1920) into a double with a total of three living units for rental purposes and occupied multiple tenants. Former owners/tenants also stripped the Victorian of original chandeliers, stained or etched glass, and the marble fireplace mantels...The house was designed to reflect the qualities of the owner, Michael Ohmer, who cherished the home for many years.

Some of these attractive features include: Large, front-facing center gable, detailed by a cornice line of decorative brackets set along a continuous paneled band; entrance sediment; [sic] A side porch, supporting decorative cast-iron supports; Recessed segmental windows with stone window pediments and flanking operable shutters which fit flush within the recessed window frame; Secondary cross gable with continuous bracketed eaves and paneled band; Second story balcony with decorative scallop trim; Traditional pale color scheme, with deep forest green on the pediments and detailing, and taupe shutters; Flowing interior floor plan, flooded by natural light through traditional high windows; An original built-in walnut cabinet and glass doors built-by the staircase with a portal window of frosted and stained glass at the landing just before the second floor.

(OHI #MOT-5056-61) (Figure 15, 17) It is important to note the similarity of the Ohmer houses to the Butt House, the Nicholas Ohmer house in particular features a comparable bracketed cornice and frieze, semicircular arched window in the gable end façade, similar door surround to the main entry and bracketed lintel and sills on the windows. All of these Dayton with the Dayton State Hospital (former Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum) located across the street from main section and wings. This space created by the right angles is filled with a shed roof porch with Large, single-story parlor veranda with ornamental supports capped by a flat roof and an elegant central This Folk Victorian house represents a well-constructed period Victorian. It is a gabled ell or gable owner; Plaster medallions, featuring ornamental flower or foliate patterns; and Distinctively heavy wood NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.

1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 8 Page 17 Montgomery County, Ohio homes, the Ohmer homes, the Butt home, the Bull home, feature a cross plan with one bay width lateral when viewed from the front of the house. However, this contrasts greatly when viewed from the side elevations of the homes. The considerable length of the houses, coupled with the vertical character the two story structures impose, give a light and unexpectedly energetic impression one would not expect from viewing the front of the neighborhoods and streets where Beaver and Butt resided.

However, they are the only homes to have been The Jonah Bull House is significant as a local example of an Italianate, Latin cross plan home with later Colonial Revival details, and exemplifies the work of a local builder, believed to be John Butt. The house retains integrity and is one of few remaining houses from the rural agrarian history of the Walnut Hills area. century. extensions and a three bay façade. The homes appear to have a hefty mass, alluded to by the three bay façade, houses alone. These features are apparent in not only these three homes, but also others in the area, in the constructed prior to the suburban development that quickly overspread the area beginning in the late nineteenth NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 9 Page 18 Montgomery County, Ohio, 1897 Barns: Survival of the Fittest, Newsletter of Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Volume 13, Number 1, 1991 Beers, W. H., & Company, The History of Montgomery County, Ohio, 1882 Beers, W. H., & Company, Montgomery County Township Biographical Sketches - Van Buren Township - From The History of Montgomery County, Ohio, 1882 Bowen, A. W.

& Company, Centennial Portrait and Biographical Record of the City of Dayton and of Carolyn's 1810 List of Montgomery County Lands, July 21, 1810 Deed Record, S-4, Montgomery County, February - May 1872 Deed Record, 122, Montgomery County, March- June 1881 Duplicate of Taxes Assessed Upon Land and Real Property in Van Buren Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, for the Year 1871 Edgar, John F., Pioneer Life in Dayton and Vicinity: 1796- 1840, Copyright 1896 Everts, L. H., Combination Atlas Map of Montgomery County, Ohio, 1875 Fox, Herman S., New Atlas Map of Montgomery County, Ohio, 1895 Gannon, Loren S. Jr. Kuhns, Benjamin F. Building National Register Nomination 1978. Gannon, Loren S. Jr. Ohmer, Nicholas, House National Register Nomination 1974. Gannon, Loren S. Jr. Oregon Historic District National Register Nomination 1975.

Heritage Quest, Ohio 1870 Consensus Index, Volume 1, 1999 Bibliographical References Heins, Gustavus, Map of Montgomery County, Ohio, 1851 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 9 Page 19 Montgomery County, Ohio Index from Everts Combination Atlas - Map of Montgomery County, Ohio - 1875 Kettering-Moraine-Oakwood Chamber of Commerce, History of Kettering, Copyright 2001 - 2006 Knox, Paul L. Urbanization: An Introduction to Urban Geography, 1994. Law, Robert O. and Company, Memoirs of the Miami Valley, Chicago, 1919 Leadership in Building Communities - Walnut Hills Fall 2006, University of Dayton, December 2006 McClelland, Linda Flint, Historic Residential Suburbs in the National Register, March 2002.

Montgomery County Probate Court Document, August 16, 1924 McTurner, Bobby. Pleasant Hill National Register Nomination 2008. Ohio Historic Inventory, No. MOT-3138-57; Butt, John, House Ohio Historic Inventory, No. MOT-4922-60; Kley, Henry, House Ohio Historic Inventory, No. MOT-5056-61, The Michael Ohmer House Precision Indexing, Ohio 1880 Consensus Index, Volume 1, 1991 Sanborn Map Company, Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, 1867-1970 - Ohio, 1918 Twenty-Five Years in a Dayton Pulpit, Sermon at First Presbyterian Church, March 21, 1915, Printed By the Visser, Thomas Durant, Field Guide to New England Barns and Farm Buildings, University Press of New Williams and Company, Publishers, Williams' Dayton City Directory. Directories reviewed from 1868-69 to www.heritagepursuit.com/Montgomery/MontgomeryChapXXI.htm accessed 1/26/07 Zajbel, Barbara.

Huffman Historic District National Register Nomination 1982. 1884-85. Congregation England, 1997 Titus, C. O., 1869 Atlas from the Titus Map of Montgomery County, Ohio,1869 Bull, Jonah, House Montgomery County, Ohio 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 2.38 acres UTM References 1 16 743065 4402463 Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title organization Steve Benning with assistance by Harrison Stamim Gowdy _date July 20. 2007 street & number 2233 Wayne Avenue telephone (937) 254-6100 city or town Dayton _ state Ohio zip code 45410-2138 Submit the following items with the completed form: Representative black and white photographs of the property.

(Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) (Complete this item at the request of the SHIPO or FPO.) street & number city or town _zip code_ National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comnents regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0. Box 37127,Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. Maps name state Photographs telephone Additional Documentation Property Owner Continuation Sheets See continuation sheet.

Additional items Boundary Justification Zone Easting Northing (Place additional UTMreferences ona continuation sheet) A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 10 Page 20_ Montgomery County, Ohio The property is situated in the Sate of Ohio, County of Montgomery and in the City of Dayton and being parts of section 32 and 33, town 2, range 7 MRs., said tract of land being described as follows: beginning on the south line of Union Avenue and at the northeast corner of Lot 38844 of the revised and consecutive numbers of lots on the plat of said City of Dayton, Ohio, said point of beginning the southwest corner of land conveyed to the city of Dayton by deed recorded in Book 297 Page 202 in the Deed Records of Montgomery County, Ohio; thence with the south line of said City of Dayton land northeasterly direction on a curve to the right with radius thence with said south line on a curve to the right with a radius of one hundred twenty-seven and 50/100 angles to the southwest line of said Wayne Avenue; North forty degrees fifty-six minutes (40° 50') East for thirty-three and 00/100(33.00) feet to the centerline of said Wayne Avenue;thence with said centerline South forty-nine degrees four minutes (49° 4') East for one hundred twenty-seven and 80/100 (127.80) feet to an angle in said centerline on the north line of said Section 32; said point being also in the centerline of Wilmington Avenue; thence with the centerline of said Wilmington Avenue, South twenty-three degrees fourteen minutes Williams, et al., deed recorded in Book 1054, Page 236 in the Deed Records of Montgomery County, Ohio; thence with the north line of said Williams land; North eighty-eight degrees fifteen minutes (88° 15') West for one hundred seventy-five and 92/100 (175.92) feet to the northwest corner of said Williams land; thence with the west line of said Williams land and with its extension, said extension being the west lines of land conveyed of said Fleischauer land, said southwest corner being on the extension of the north line of Beckman Avenue; thence with the south line of said Fleischauer land and with the extension of the north line of said Beckman Avenue, South eighty-eight degrees fifteen minutes (88° 15') East for one hundred seventy-five and 92/100 (175.92) feet to the center line of Wilmington Avenue; thence with the centerline of said Wilmington Avenue, South three degrees fifty-three minutes (3º 53') East for twenty-five and 12/100 (25.12) feet; thence parallel with and twenty-five and 00/100 (25.00) feet southwardly from the extension of the north line of said Beckman Avenue, north eighty-eight degrees fifteen minutes (88° 15') West for three hundred of and abutting the east line of lot 38809 of the revised and consecutive numbers of lots on the plat of said City of Dayton, Ohio; thence with the east line of said alley and with its extension, said extension being the east line of said Lot 38844, North no degrees fifty-four minutes (0° 54') East for three hundred seventy-eight and 74/100 (378.74) feet to the point of beginning, containing two and 38/100 (2.38) acres, more or less, subject however, to all legal highways.

Curve distances are measured on an arc. See attached Sanborn Fire Insurance Source: Legal Description, File 0310499, US Department of Housing and Urban Development, August 20, 2003. Verbal Boundary of one hundred forty-eight and 00/100 (148.00) feet for one hundred one and 14/100 (101.14) feet, the tangent degrees fifty-three minutes (3° 53') East for two hundred five and 00/100 (205.00) feet to the southwest corner (127.50) feet for ninety-five and 66/100 (95.66) feet to the southwest line of Wayne Avenue; thence at the right (23° 14') East for sixty-six and 55/100 (66.55) feet to the northeast corner of land conveyed to Lawrence J. to Lois Voehringer, et al., Leroy A. Fague, et al., John J. Fauver, et al., and Fred Fleischauer, South three NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number 10 Page 21_ Montgomery County, Ohio The nominated property includes the present extent of the property and resources associated with the Bull House and its original setting. Boundary Justification NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Montgomery County, Ohio Photographer: Steve Benning 2233 Wayne Avenue Dayton, Ohio 45410-2138 Negatives: Ohio Historical Society Ohio Historic Preservation Office 567 East Hudson Street Columbus, Ohio 43221-1030 Dates of Photographs: January 2006 1.

View of the principal façade (east elevation - front) showcasing main door, windows, shutters, porch (with railings, steps, columns), arched attic window, trees, and vegetation 2. View of the south and east (side) elevations with bulls-eye attic window, arched attic window, maple trees, front arch, front porch, and trees 3. View of the south (side) elevation showing bulls-eye attic window, family room window, lightning rod 4. View of the north (side) elevation with brickwork, windows, shutters, chimneys, and lightning rod system 5. View of the house interior (dining room) showcasing rosebud cornice, ceiling medallion and chandelier 6. View of the house interior (dining room) with wall molding, side lamps, fireplace, and mantel and mantel 8. View of the west elevation (rear) with enclosed porch, windows, and shutters 9.

View of the east elevation of outbuilding (barn front) showcasing original planking, cornerstone, and new overhead garage doors 10. View of the barn interior with frame, hand hewn beams, pins, and original planking 11. View of the barn interior showing beams and log hay crib Photographs Location of 7.View of the house interior (family room) showing picture window, ceiling molding, chandelier, fireplace, Section number Additional Documentation Page 22_ system, rear arch, side porch, roof, shutters, trees, and shrubs NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Montgomery County, Ohio 12. View of the south and east elevation of gazebo with benches, trees, flowers, and shrubs 13.

View of the west/south elevation of the exterior of the Nicholas Ohmer House 14. View of the east/north elevation of the exterior of the Nicholas Ohmer House 15. View of the Ohmer House interior with fireplace and chandelier 16. View of the Ohmer House interior showing windows, molding, medallion, and chandelier 17. View of the Ohmer House and farmland Other Photographs Section number Additional Documentation Page 23_ photographer Figure R- west Elevation ot Nicholas Ohmer House Bull, Jonah, House Bull, Jonah, House Bull, Jonah, House Bull, Janah, House Bull. Jonah. House Montgomery County, Ohio. Figure 5 Bull. Jonah, House. Montgomery County, OH Figure 6 Ch. Anderson "R Ridel, L. Compton P2. Langels hrs Ch Compton L. Leklider 5. Pet Long D Kiler H. Marshall S Lehman: All. Stewart GBradfonds , John YWhite J.

Cole hrs Beavert J.Chambers D.Worman C.Johnson John Shrouer -Gebhart Stoddard John Shank BSS Sam Himes CHoll 1,Hager Allenfgroer Conrad Staley .D Shroyer Thtterson Location of Tonah Bull property Aug.George Val. Hinters Apple S.D'Bradford LAL Je P.Coblenz d Leklider H.Rik2E H Bailey *A Mite house Jac Lensury HCh Shank ThB wh And.Emmert Snider GMuts J.Treon D Wormah P.Snepp H.Reser FKlopfer StoneQuarry Acasure Swadner 6.Mark James Savill Widow Batley flenry Craeger A Deans'S Bull, Jonah, House RIVER 100 112 160 CIf Halt Dr J. Treon 120 132 165 V. B. Prugh Per 35e 31 50 S2YOAKL.AND Bull, Jonah, House. Montgomery County, OH 1872 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) Bull, Jonah, House Montgomery County, Ohio Figure 10 Interior ornamental plaster, Bull House National Park Service CONTINUATION SHEET United States Department of the Interior Section number Additional Documentation NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) Bull, Jonah, House Montgomery County, Ohio Figure 11 Interior, Bull House National Park Service CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Additional Documentation United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) Bull, Jonah, House Montgomery County, Ohio Figure 12 Interior, ornamental mantel, Bull House National Park Service CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Additional Documentation United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Section number Additional Documentation Figure 13 John Butt House MOT313857 Figure 15 Michael Ohmer House Figure 16 Jonah Bull House CONTINUATION SHEET Figure 14 Nicholas Ohmer House NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number Additional Documentation Montgomery County, Ohio Figure 17 Michael Ohmer Figure 18 Nicholas Ohmer House Figure 20 John Butt House Figure 19 Jonah Bull House National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number Additional Documentation Montgomery County, Ohio Figure 21 Detail of Michael Ohmer House T-Plan Houses May/27/2008 Figure 22 Jonah Bull House House Ohmer Houses Comparative Properties Jonah Bull House, Montgomery County, Ohio Gabled Ell House Types MOT0309460 Greek Cross House Plans Mile -HOT0356657 Charles MOT0336557 HOT0300957 Montgomary County, oft Aorrected:. KEY de Figure 23 Bull, Jonah, House 323 316 WILMINGTON UNION KRATOCMWILL BECKMAN WAYNE 324 House Bull 324 326 316 328 County, Oll 324 316 Figure 27.1918 Sanborn Map updated to 1955. Bull, Jonah, House. Montgomery 326 328 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number Additional Documentation Montgomery County, Ohio Stairs to Figure 28. First Back Stairway Cl Hall Family Room Front Stairway Covered Porch Figure 29. Second Master Bedroom Guest Bedroom Room Floor Closet Den/Study Kitchen Lean-to 1988) Bath Full Dressing Room (added in Living Room Full Bathroom Pantry NPS Form 10-900 Landing Utility Basement Half NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Bull, Jonah, House Section number Additional Documentation Montgomery County, Ohio Edgar Farm Ohmer Farm Figure 30.

Sanborn Map Dayton, Ohio, 1918 volume 3 updated to 1955 showing landholdings of Edgar, Ohmer, Wead, and Bull Bull Farm Wead Farm UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NAME : N PDIL: N PERIOD: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED:N COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS : If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the TELEPHONE RETURN MULTIPLE 12/21/08 12/03/08 REVIEWER 11/07/08 OTHER: EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NATIONAL PARK SERVICE DATE RECEIVED: REASONS FOR REVIEW: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: DATE OF 16TH DAY: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLRY/N DATE OF 45TH DAY: STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Montgomery DATE REJECT ACCEPT MONTGOMERY BULL,JONAH HOUSE MONTGOMERy Co., OH BULL,JoNAH, HoUSE MONTGOMERy Co., OH BuLL, JONAH, HOUSE MONTGOMERy Co., OH BULL, JONAM, HOUSE MONTGOMERY BULL, JONAH, HOUSE MONTGOMERY CO., OH MONTGOMERy Co., OH BuLL, JONAH, HOUSE MONTGOMERy Co., OH MONTGOMERY CO., OH BuLL, JONAH, House MONTGOMERY Co., OH Bull, Jonan, House MONTGOMERY Co., OH Bure, JONAH, House DAYTON SOUTH QUADRANGLE DAYTON SOUTH, OHIO DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OHIO-MONTGOMERY CO Bull, Jowah, House UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) Ohio NOV 07 2008 NAT.

REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES National Park Service 2280 November 3, 2008 Ms. Jan Matthews, Associate Director and Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places Washington DC 20005 NEW NOMINATION Fairfield County Children's Home Bull, Jonah, House King, Ahimaaz, House If you have questions or comments about these documents, please contact the National Register staff in the Ohio Historic Preservation Office at (614) 298-2000. Dr. William K. Laidlaw, Jr. State Historic Preservation Officer Ohio Historic Preservation Office 567 East Hudson Street, Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 ph: 614.298.2000 fx: 614.298.2037 Montgomery COUNTY Hamilton Warren Sincerely, www.ohiohistory.org Enclosures Clark OHIO HISTORICAL SOCIETY Pinecroft Fairfield National Register procedures have been followed for these new submissions. Masonic Temple Dear Ms.

Matthews: Enclosed please find five (5)new National Register nominations.All appropriate notification RECEIVED 2280 1201 "T' (Eye) Street, NW HISTORY OHIO

What happened here

An account from the chapter on Dayton city, in the words of 1882.

1882, Dayton City

Con Tents

A Typical Frontier Vavern - Daytou Contained Nine Dwellings in 1799- - Several Roads Opened--Monument Avenue Cleared--Main Street a Narrow Wagon Road - Settlements Few and Far Between - Hardships of Pioneer Life--Tidian War Apprehended - Block House Built - Schooi Opened in the Block House- - First Distillery Started - Cooper's Saw Mill - Corn Cracker - Hogs Introduced - Feed on Mast - Attacked by Wild Animals--First Flat Boat Launched-Sheep Introduced - Cost of Groceries at Cinciunati - Little Money jin Circulation - Business Conducted by Barter - Value of Diffsrent Kinds of Skins--Cut Money - McDougal's Store - Trade with the Indians - First Child Boro in Dayton - Taxation in 1800 - First Wedding - Census in 1801 - First Miuister - - Methodists - Presbyterians--Log Meeting House - First Grave Yard - - Jobn W.

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