Nomination for White Homestead

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

Form No. 10-300 (Rev. 10-74) 09000093 PHO111074 DATA SHEET UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVEOMAR 14 1975 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED APR 141875 SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS NAME HISTORIC White Homestead AND/OR COMMON Salem Cross Inn (use for publication) 2 LOCATION STREET & NUMBER NW ofe West E rostrueat Ware Road (Route 9) CITY.

TOWN STATE West Brookfield ( Massachusetts CLASSIFICATION - VICINITY OF CODE 025 _NOT FOR PUBLICATION CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 2nd COUNTY Worcester 02GODE CATEGORY -DISTRICT X BUILDING(S) -STRUCTURE -SITE -OBJECT OWNERSHIP _PUBLIC X PRIVATE - BOTH PUBLIC ACQUISITION - IN PROCESS -BEING CONSIDERED STATUS XOCCUPIED _UNOCCUPIED _WORK IN PROGRESS ACCESSIBLE XYES: RESTRICTED -YES: UNRESTRICTED _NO PRESENT USE -AGRICULTURE PLMUSEUM XCOMMERCIAL _PARK -EDUCATIONAL X PRIVATE RESIDENCE -ENTERTAINMENT -RELIGIOUS -GOVERNMENT -SCIENTIFIC _INDUSTRIAL -TRANSPORTATION _MILITARY _OTHER: 4 OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME Henry Salem STREET & NUMBER c/ó Salem Cross Inn, Ware Rd. (Route 9) CITYTOWN STATE West Brookfield _ VICINITY OF Massachusetts 5 LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION 01585 COURTHOUSE REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC.

STREET & NUMBER Worcester County Registry of Deeds 2 Main Street CITY.TOWN STATE Worcester Massachusetts REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE Inventory of Historic Assets of the Commonwealth DATE 1973 DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS Massachusetts Historical Commission CITY, TOWN Boston _FEDERAL XSTATECOUNTYLOCAL STATE Massachusetts 7 DESCRIPTION CONDITION *EXCELLENT _GOOD FAIR DETERIORATED _RUINS _UNEXPOSED CHECK ONE LUNALTERED XALTERED CHECK ONE XORIGINAL SITE XMOVED DATE1707 house, c.1960 DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Description of the property

The Salem Cross Inn, formerly known as the White Homestead, is located on Ware Road, Route 9, in the western part of West Brookfield. It is surrounded by acres of rolling meadows and woodlots bounded by fieldstone walls and crisscrossed with old cart roads. The immediate environs preserve an atmosphere of rural colonial days. The homestead is located on the land granted to Sergeant John White in 1707. The original one story house was built by White c. 1707 with clapboard sides and a ridge roof. The ground floor contained a kitchen with a large cooking fireplace and an oven. On the backside of the fireplace was a small heating fireplace which faced into a small chamber known as a "borning room". There were also two general ase chambers on the far side of the borning room . The walls of the kitchen and borning room are the original plaster on handsplit chestnut laths.

The outside walls were lined with handmade burnt bricks, some of which still remain, serving as fortification against both the Indians and the severe New England weather. Above the ground floor is a three-quarter loft with access via an enclosed staircase from the first general chamber. When the main house was constructed, this primitive structure was converted to a carriage shed and still so remains. It was moved c.1960 behind the main house. While the chimney was removed, the interior and exterior are otherwise mostly intact. The house and barn were built by John and Cornelius White c.1740 upon their return to Brookfield from Concord to claim their father's land. The main house -is a 2 story clapboard Colonial structure with a hip roof, large central chimney, and main entrance on the east facade.

The windows are symmetrically ordered 12/12 lights on the first floor and 8/12 lights on the second floor. Entrance to the house is from a large granite step through double doors inset with bull's eye lights and hung with original strap hinges. The door handle and latch are etched with Salem Cross hex marks from which the current restaurant derived its name. The entry is constructed with a door to the left and the right leading to the front rooms, and a staircase leading to the second floor. The room to the right of the entry was used as a sitting room. It is characterized by a full wall and fireplace breast of raised panelling, dado on three remaining walls, and raised panel doors. The floor is of the original pine boards. The plaster, as in the whole house, is an authentic plaster of the period (some original and some restored) consisting of ground oyster shells and sand.

(The shells replaced lime which was scarce.) The room to the left of the entry was the formal dining room. A chair rail is set into the plastered walls and the cornice is made up of arown mouldings. There is a corner cupboard in the southwest corner with butterfly shelving and fluted columns. The original floor boards remain as does the fireplace with double panel above. The large room extending the width of the building, located behind the two front rooms, was the kitchen. This room has a large cooking fireplace with the crane still in place. The walls are wainscotted with wide beaded boards secured with handmade. nails. The ceiling is of exposed hand-hewn beams. Iwo blanket rods are attached to the chimney girt in front of the fireplace. The floor is original. cont'd Form No. 10-300a (Rev.

10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED MAR 14 1975 DATE ENTERED APR 1.4.1975 CONTINUATION SHEET Salem Cross Inn ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 2 The second floor originally contained five chambers. Four of these have been combined into one large room for restaurant use. The walls are sheathed with feather-edge panelling and the beams and posts are boxed with beaded boards. The floor is original. The remaining fifth chamber is located above the sitting room and is intact with dado siding, boxed corner posts and original flooring. The cellar of the house has fieldstone walls below grade and handmade bricks above grade to the sill. A substantial area of the cellar is filled with the huge (12x15') base for the central chimney structure.

The main house is connected to the barn by two 1½ story ridge roof ells. These 20th c. ells are covered with clapboard and have a variety of doors and windows. They are located over what was once the barnyard and their northern foundation is the original barnyard wall of drywall construction. The large barn, which is contemporary with the house, has a ridge roof, vertical board siding, and a large double door entrance in the north wall. There is a full cellar under the barn with a foundation of large fieldstone, which was originally of drywall construction. Forty-two foot hewn chestnut timbers rest on large oak posts supporting the upper barn. The upper barn is of standard Colonial construction with posts and beams of oak and chestnut. There are numerous hay lofts overhead of chestnut boards supported by half-round floor joists.

Water was supplied to the homestead by two wells and one spring. One well is capped with a large stone and the other is open. The open well has a well-sweep used to draw water. The spring is located across the road and is capable of supplying the house with fresh spring water. JIFICANCE PERIOD PREHISTORIC 1400-1499 .1500-1599 -1600-1699 < 1700-1799 +1800-1899 1900- ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC -ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC AGRICULTURE X ARCHITECTURE ART _COMMERCE -COMMUNICATIONS AREAS OF

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW _COMMUNITY PLANNING -LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE _CONSERVATION -LAW -ECONOMICS -LITERATURE _EDUCATION -MILITARY _ENGINEERING _MUSIC XEXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT _PHILOSOPHY INDUSTRY _POLITICS/GOVERNMENT LINVENTION XRELIGION -SCIENCE _SCULPTURE XSOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN -THEATER -TRANSPORTATION _OTHER (SPECIFY) SPECIFIC DATES 1707 and 1740 , STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Statement of significance

BUILDER/ARCHITECT John White; John and Cornelius White The Salem Cross Inn is significant to the local Brookfield area both for its architectural and its associative values. The 1707 structure is one of the last remaining structures from the early days of the second settlement of Brookfield and the 1740 building is important as an example of an excellently restored, 18th c. architecture in its original rural setting. The main house also retains its original outbuildings. In addition to its architectural significance, the Salem Cross Inn is álso important as being the home of three persons notable in history: John White, who received the original land grant, was the grandson of Peregrine White, the first male child born in New England aboard the Mayflower as it rode at anchor in Cape Cod Harbor. John White was also an important figure in Brookfield town history.

In 1706 he served second in command at the local Goss Garrison. As Indians had forced the removal of the first settlement in Brookfield (now West Brookfield) and were still a constant threat there, the garrison was most important. In 1707 John was granted 60 acres of land by the inhabitants of the town. In March, 1710, he and eight other men were granted permission to build a sawmill to service the community-|John White was one of the victims of the Indian massacre at Brookfield on July 22,1710, at which time he and five other men were killed while harvesting hay. This massacre was the last act of hostilities committed by the Indians in Brookfield. The 1740 house was built by White's sons, John and Cornelius. The two other important figures who lived in the house were Sarah White Smith (b.1813) and her sister, Adeline White Tracy ( b.

1809), daughters of Deacon Alfred White, the great grandson of John White. Sarah and Adeline were both missionaries. In 1834 Adeline sailed for Singapore as the first woman missionary under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Sarah, determined to follow her sister's example, was sent by the American Board to Oregon in 1838. She, along with five other women in her overland trek, holds a place in history as being one of the first white women to cross the Rocky Mountains. After spending two years in Oregon, Sarah and her missionary husband,Asa Smith, left and were finally able to arrange a missionary appointment in Hawaii, where they arrived in 1842. The Inn is named for the entrance door's Salem Cross hex marks, etched on the door handle and latch.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES 1. Adams, C.J., Quabaug,Worcester,MA., 1915. 2. Chamberlain, D.H., "Old Brookfield and West Brookfield", The New England Magazine, 1899. 3. Drury, C.M., First White Women Over the Rockies, San Francisco, 1966. 4. White,J.B., A Genealogical Record of the White Family, Danielsonville, 1878. 10 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY60 UTM REFERENCES UTM OK CD AL,8 L713,2860 14.618,11960 ZONE EASTING NORTHING ZONE | L73 34,8,01 14,618,9389 )EASTING NORTHING C 1,8 73,2780 14.089279 0L1,8 1732460 1498097,01 VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION The Salem Cross Inn property is bounded on the northeast by Ware Road. Halfway between the Inn and Snow Road on Ware Road, the boundary drops south, Then goes due west just before the swamp.

A line drawn northwest connects the southern boundary with the wester one, avoiding the pond and crossing Lamberton Brook where it becomes the town line between the West Brookfield and Warren. The western boundary follows this town line north just past cutler Road, then cuts east to connect with Ware Road.

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES CODE COUNTY CODE CODE COUNTY CODE STATE STATE 11 FORM PREPARED BY NAME /TITLE Mindy Arbo, N.R.Editor for Pat Weslowski, State Survey Director ORGANIZATION Massachusetts Historical Commission STREET & NUMBER 40 Beacon Street CITY OR TOWN 1/13/74 TELEPHONE 617/727-8470 STATE Massachusetts 02108 Boston 12 STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS: NATIONAL - STATE_ LOCAL X As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665). I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service.

FEDERAL REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATURE Umadn TITLE Executive Director, Massachusgttinission Historical 3/10/75 FOR NPS USE ONLY I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PROPERTY IS INCLUDED, IN,THE NATIONAL, REGISTER ARmar seuxe TION DATE DATE 411/75 -APR 9 1975 KEEPER OF THE NATIONAL REGIS salem Cass Dnen Property Khite tomestead State Massachusetts Working Number 3.14. 75.382 TECHNICAL / Skitch map Photos. worester CONTROL OK pl 3.14.25 HISTORIAN Pelum w.R.Lue 3/18/75 WHRT DORS THE GRISTMIL HAVE TO DO ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN LN NOMATEN HOMESTEND? FORMER NoT MeNrcmas I CANWOT CALL OR BELIEVE THE RETURN PATES UWLESS (OTUER STRUCTUnES OW MAO Nor MENTIoWED THESE STRUCTORA LEGOVICH WeRE EXTENIVELY 3-17-73 4-7-15 Cenio: huo. Amadon e N.

BrooteheeX ALTURARCHEOLOGIST OTHER HAER "afterall u said i done" Inventory Review REVIEW UNIT CHIEF Accam Cole 4-8-75 BRANCH CHIEF 4.9.25 KEEPER National Register Write-up Federal Register Entry 6-3-75 Send-back Re-submit Entered APR 14 1975 INT:21 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service WASO No. 7 -74 Form No. 10-301a (Pev. 10-7+) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVEDMAR 14 1975 APR 14 1975 DATE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH 1 3 4 NAME HISTORIC White Homestead AND/OR COMMON Salem Cross Inn (preferred) LOCATION CITY.

TOWN West Brookfield VICINITY OF COUNTY PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT Archie Jay NEGATIVE FILED AT West Brookfield Historical Commission IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION, ETC. IF DISTRICT, GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET north wall of southeast 2nd floor bedroom Worcester MA STATE DATE OF PHOTO 1974 PHOTO NO. 5 # | 086 PNECNTY OF THE NATONAL REGISTER Form No. 10-301a (Pev. 10-7+) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVEDIAR 14 1975 DATE ENTERED 3PR 14 1975 SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH 1 2 3 4 NAME HISTORIC White Homestead AND/OR COMMON Salem Cross Inn (preferred) LOCATION CITY.

TOWN VICINITY OF West Brookfield PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT Archie Jay NEGATIVE FILED AT West Brookfield Historical Commission IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. IF DISTRICT, GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET kitchen fireplace, 1735 house COUNTY Worcester STATE MA DATE OF PHOTO 1974 PHOTO NO. 4 #2%6 PROPERTY OF THE NATONAL GEGISTER Form No. 10-301a (Pev. 10-7+) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED MAR 14 1975 DATE ENTEREDAPR 14 1975 SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH 2 3 4 NAME HISTORIC White Homestead AND/OR COMMON Salem Cross Inn (preferred) LOCATION cITY.

TOWN West Brookfield -VICINITY OF PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT Archie Jay NEGATIVE FILED AT West Brookfield Historical Commission IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. IF DISTRICT, GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET original 1707 house, east facade #3036 COUNTY Worcester STATE MA DATE OF PHOTO 1974 1 PHOTO NO. PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER 1376 Form No. 10-301a (Pev.

10-7+) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVEDMAR 14 1975 APR 1 4 1975 DATE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH 2 3 NAME HISTORIC White Homestead AND/OR COMMON Salem Cross Inn (preferred) LOCATION CITY, TOWN West Brookfield _VICINITY OF PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT Archie Jay NEGATIVE FILED AT West Brookfield Historical Commission 4IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION, ETC. IF DISTRICT, GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET site of Hayward Grist Mill, looking north COUNTY Worcester STATE MA DATE OF PHOTO 1974 PHOTO NO. 6 *4066 PHÓPERTY OE THE NATONAL BEGISTER. Form No. 10-301a (Pev.

10-7+) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED MAR 14 1975 DATEENTEREDAPR14 1975 SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH 1 2 3 4 NAME HISTORIC White Homestead AND/OR COMMON Salem Cross Inn (preferred) LOCATION CITY. TOWN West Brookfield _VICINITY OF PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT Archie Jay NEGATIVE FILED AT West Brookfield Historical Commission IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION, ETC. IF DISTRICT, GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET entryway, 1735 house #586 COUNTY Worcester STATE MA DATE OF PHOTO 1974 PHOTO NO. 3 PROPERTY OF THE NAT.ONAL REGISTER Form No. 10-301a (Pev.

10-7+) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVEPAR 14 1975 DATE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIESK ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH APR 1/ 197 2 4 NAME HISTORIC White Homestead AND/OR COMMON Salem Cross Inn (preferred) LOCATION CITY. TOWN West Brookfield -VICINITY OF COUNTY Worcester PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT Archie Jay DATE OF PHOTO 1974 NEGATIVE FILED AT West Brookfield Historical Commission IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. IF DISTRICT, GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET east facade, north elevation, of 1735 house; 1740 barn in rear. #636 STATE MA PHOTO NO 2 PROPERTY OF THE NATONAL REGISTER FRo.

10.10301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED MAR 14 1975 DATE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- ENCLOSE WITH MAP APB.1A 1973 1 NAME HISTORIC White Homestead AND/OR COMMON Salem Cross Inn (preferred) LOCATION CITY TOWN West Brookfield _VICINITY OF COUNTY 3 MAP REFERENCE SOURCE United States Geological Survey, Warren Quadrangle SCALE 1:24,000 DATE 1969 4 REQUIREMENTS TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. PROPERTY BOUNDARIES 2. NORTH ARROW 3. UTM REFERENCES Worcester STATE MA INT: 2986-75 Form No. 10-301; (Rev.

10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED MAR 14 1975 DATE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- ENCLOSE WITH MAP 1 NAME HISTORIC White Homestead AND/OR COMMON Salem Cross Inn (preferred) 2 LOCATION CITY. TOWN West Brookfield _VICINITYOF COUNTY Worcester 3 MAP REFERENCE SOURCE Sketch map SCALE not to scale DATE March 1975 4 REQUIREMENTS TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. PROPERTY BOUNDARIES 2. NORTH ARROW 3.

UTM REFERENCES APR 14- 979 STATE MA INT: 2986-75 site of Haywar grist Mi Lamberton Brook Route -C.1B5 Eprt chae cbarn hodew priy Od Daugias Road Eebowile 4775 SALEM CROSS INN, WEST BROOKFIELD NOT TO SCALE RECEIVED MAR 14 1975 NATIONAL REGISTER JAVE LIBAIAE Paul Guzzi Pecretary of the Commonwealth March 10, 1975 The Commonwvealth of Massachusets Office of the Secretary Massachuselts Histonical Commission 40 Beacon Slree Boston, Massachusetts 02108 727-8470 Mr. Charles Herrington, Chief Registration National Register of Historic Places National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 18th and C Streets, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20240 Dear Charles: 8. RECEIVED MAR 14 1975 NATIONAL REGISTER Enclosed please find National Register nomination forms for the following properties: 1. Arlington, Belcher House, Middlesex County 2.

Franklin, Dean Junior College Historic District, Norfolk County 3. Marblehead, Fort Sewalt, Essex County 4. West Brookfield, Salem Cross Inn, Worcester County These properties have all been declared eligible by the Massachusetts Historical Commission (the State Review Board) and have been signed by the Massachusetts State Historic Preservation Officer, Elizabeth R. Amadon. If you have any questions or need more information, please don't hesitate to call. Sincerely, Hatuur I. Weslowski Patricia L. Weslowski Survey Director Massachusetts Historical Commission PLW:CB: Encl. Regional Director, North Atlantic Region 4/15/75 Mott PR 5 ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER STATE MASSACHUSELTS Date Entered APR 14 1975 Name Old Ship Street Historie District Fort Sewall FirstBaptist Church, Canbridge st.

Stephen's Church Fowle-ReedWyman House Location Medford Middlesex County Marblehead Essex County Cambridge Middlesex County Boston Suffolk County Arlington Midalesex County West Brookfield vicinity Worcester County Salem Cross Inn Wuite fomesteodf chauge caid! Also Notified Hon. Edward M . Kennedy llon. Edward W. Brooke Hon. TorbertH. Mactonald llon. Michael J. Harrington Hon. Thomas P. O"Neill, Jx. Hon. John J. Moakley Hon. Edvard P. Boland State Historic Preservation Officez Mes. Elizabeth R. Amadon Executive Director Massachusetts Histozical Conmission 40 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02108 1/2 General Society of Mayflower Descendants PLYMOUTDe MRS. ROBERT M.

SHERMAN Secretary General Editor-The Mayflower Quarterly ORGANIZED 12 JANUARY, 1897 AT PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS 128 Massasoit Drive Varwick, Rhode Island 028 elephone (401) 781-675 25 June 1975 National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Interior Building Washington DC 20240 Ladies and Gentlemen: The Worcester Mass. Evening Gazette carried an article on p. 34, May 21, 1975, regard- ing acceptance of the Salem Cross Inn, West Brookfield, Mass. for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The article repeated the tradition connecting the inn with Peregrine White of the Mayflower. This tradition has no basis in fact, for the Salem Cross Inn is associated with a White fam ily which descends from quite a different immigrant ancestor than Peregrine.

I dare say this will not affect the listing of the Inn in your Register, but before any publicityy is prepared on this new listing, I hoped you would look into this matter and be sure of your facts on the White connection. We will gladly share what information we have. Sincerely. X.W.shurman Ruth Wilder Sherman, F.A.S.G. (Fellow of the American Soc. of Genealogists) E. Smith 7-17-75 N. R Wce 7/17/15 oshull H34~PR JUL 2 3 1975 Mrs. Ruth Wilder Sherman Office of the Secretary General General Society of Mayflover Descendants 128 Massasoft Drive Warwick, Rhode Island 02888 Dear Mes. Sherman: Thank youforyourrecent letter concerning the possibility that inaceurate infornation vas mistakenly subnitted in the nomination of Salem Cross Inn to the National Register of Ilistoric Places (you indicated that Salem Cross Inn was not associated with Peregrine White of the Mayflover).

We have notifled the Massachusetts Historical Comnlasion of your suggestion and a copy of your letter v111 be kept in our file on Salem Cross Inn. We wi11 be happy to reeeive any further infor- mation you can offer on Salen Cross Inn. bcc: Regional Director, North Atlantic Region w/cy inc Director's Reading File DI PR w/cy inc FNP: ESmith:dph:7/17/75 BASIC FILE RETAINED IN PR Sincerely yours, Wi111an J. Murtagh Keeper of the National Register cc: Mr. Frederick C.

Will1amson Director, Rhode Island Department of Community Affairs 150 Washington Street Providence, Rhode Island 02903 w/cy inc Worcester (STURBRIDGE) The Villager MAY 29-JUN5 1976 31 Salem Cross a national historic site WEST, BROOKFIELD - what was originallypart of and state area as an example served second in command at hostilities committed by the along with five other women, The Salem Cross Inn on Ware the town of Brookfield of excellently restored, 18th the Garrison. The following savages in Brookfield. in her overland trek, holds a Road has been declared a What is now the main house century architecture in its year he decided to settle and The two remaining figures place in history as being one national historic site, ac- and the barn were built in original rural atmosphere. was granted sixty acres of are Sarah White Smith (b.

of the first white women to cording to Paul Guzzi, , 1740. It is a two story clap- In addition to its ar- land by the inhabitants of the secretary of the Com- board Colonial structure with monwealth, chitectural significance, the town. In March of 1710 he 1813) and her sister Adelin cross the Rocky Mountains. White Tracy a double pitch roof, large Salem Cross Inn is also im- along with eight other men daughters of Deacon Alfred Thenafter spending two Historical sites are listed in central chimney and a, main portant as being the home of were "granted liberty to White', the great grandson of troublesome years in Oregon, the National Register of entrance. The original.

three persons notable in build a saw-mill and had forty Sergeant John White, Sarah Sarah and her- missionary Historic Places: The family, descendants of John history: acres of land granted for and Adeline were :both husband, Asa Smith, left and Massachusetts' - Historical White, owned the house until John White, who received their encouragement to be missionaries. In 1834, Adeline were finally able to arrange a Commission made the it was purchased several recommendation the original land grant, is divided among them." In sailed for Singapore as the missionary appointment in for the years listing :ago by the Salem ,reported by local historians addition, he was one of the first woman missionary Hawaii where they arrived in in the national family. to have been a descendant of victims of the Indian under the American Board. 1842 register.

Guzzi is a member: The Salem :Cross Inn is Peregrine White, the firstmassacre at Brookfield on Sarah, determined to follow The home of these notable of that Commission. significant to the local Brook- male child born 'in New July 22, 1710 at which time he her sister's example, was persons, now known The original: one-story field area as one of the last England aboard house was built in 1707 and remaining structures from Mayflower as it rode at an- killed while harvesting hay. was later converted to a the early days of the second chor in Cape Cod harbor.This massacre of sor. fhde mas tare in tad on ge malan in regn fent g tel poia ee carriage house. It is one of *-settlement -of Brookfield John White is also an im- haymakers was the last actof in 1838. Thus Sarah Smith, the last remaining structures (1686-1718).

The building is portant figure in Brookfield : from the second settlement of also important to the local town history. In' 1706 he White Homestead Salem Cross Inn MNR Data Sheet DATE: 3 21/77 Reviewer INTZASI geofo DOE April 14, 1975 - NAME AS IT APPEARS IN FEDERAL REGISTER: vO White Homestead OTHER NANES: Salem Cross Inn - pec.

LOCATION: STREET & NUMBER Ware Road )= NW of West Brookfield on CITY.TOWN West Brookfield vicinity CONGRESSIUNAL DISTRICT OF STATE Massachusetts (MA9) 2nd COUNTY Worcester code 027 OWNER OF PROPERTY: (circle) PRIVATE STATE LOCAL GOV'T MUNICIPAL COUNTY OTHER FEDERAL (AGENCY NAME) : ADMINISTRATOR(underiine) NPS REGION: (CIRCLE) (N.ATLANTIC) MID ATLANTIC SOUTHEAST MIDWEST SOUTHWEST ROCKY MOUNTAIN WEST PACIFIC NORTHWEST FEATURES: INTERIOR LSubstantially intact-1 - unknown - 4 - not applicable - 7 CONDITION- _EXCELLENT _GOOD -FAIR EXTERIOR ENVIRONS LSubstantialiy intact-2 LSubstantially intact-3 _ unknown.-s - unknown -6 - not applicable - 8 -Not applicable-9 -Interioi, exterior, environs not intact-o _DETERIORATED -UNALTERED- -RUINS LALTERED _UNEXPOSED _Reconstructed LORIGINAL SITE MOVED _Unkncwn _U'nexcavated -Excavated ACCESS - Yes-restricted historic district?

Yes-unrestricted No access Unknown ADAPTIVE USE: YES WITHIN NATIONAL REGISTER HISTORIC DISTRICT? IF YES, NAME: WITHIN NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK? YES IF YES, NAME: NO Saved ? YES NO NO YES - FUNCTION (S): (use vocabulary words) then- prwate keridence.

nov-priate Fesidence+ commercial SIGNIFICANCE: No -ARCHEULUGY-PREHISTORIC ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC AGRICULTURE LARCHITECTURE - 4 -ART -COMMERCE -COMMUNICATIONS Claims -LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE _CONSERVATION -ECONOMICS _EDUCATION _LAW/Gov't/politics _SCIENCE No _LITERATURE -MILITARY -MUSIC ESOCANMUNKITAHAN -PHILOSOPHY -TRANSPORTATION AUSTRY -POLITICS/GOVERNMENT _OTHER (SPECIFY) _INVENTION --entertainment -health -recreation +settlemens-29 _socio/cultural _urban & commun planning ""first" YES NO "oldest"' YES NO "only" YES NO ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: GEORGIAN architect/m.builder: landscape/garden designer: interior decorator: engineer: artist/artisan: builder/contractor: ETHNIC GROUP: NAMES: (label role & appropriate date) personal (1) JOHN WHTE - EARLY SETTLER, INDIAN FIGHTER- ERaND- SON OF PEREGRINE WHITE - IST WHITE CHILO BORN Ui NEW ENELAND (2) JOHN and (3) CORNELUS WHTE - Earely Settlers soms- builders events - House (4)SaRaH WITITE SMITH- Caar nendints , cocae foreiçen musiomanies with aeea Ba institutional DATES: DATE OP CONSIRUCTION (Specifle dato or 1/4 of century 1707, 1940 DATE (S) OF "MAJOR" ALTERATIONS: HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT DATE (S) : SOURCE- (OF NOMINATION) PRIVATE STATE OTHER FEDERAL AGENCY: ACREAGE: (to nearest tenth of an acre) 60 LOCAL GOV"T MUNICIPAL COUNTY 1la störies, COMMENTS: (include architectural infornatton here) FRAMé, CLAPBcaRDING SHaPE, HIPPED ROOF, CENTER CHIMNEY, FRONT CENTER ENTRAUIE NITH PEDIMENTAD REHERONS, I-STORY RALLED SIDE WING), WZ-STORTZOTHC GABLED CONNECTORS AHTACH 18TH C.

BARN HOMNN HOUSE; ORIGINALAE RORIGINAL OUTBUILDING. STERT HOUSE CONVEICTED TO CARRIAESE HOUSE AND MOVED, C. 1960NOZOR- GIAN. BUILT FOR-JOHN AND CORNEUUS WHITE, ZONS TOANNNNATTA EAKI FETTARTE; END SIGNIFICANCE:(maximum two sentences), HILDN NNEONÔO RRADNUDOUANNH arra Setles; tohn Whitey later nsidence o Saran white milh ana Adetipe Whitz Tracy, fereign missionauees unke the Amuican Board Commissionins, C. 1830.

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: GEOREIAN architectm.builder: landscape/garden designer: interior decorator: engineer: artist/artisan: builder/contractor: ETHNIC GROUP: NAMES: (label role personal (1) JoHN WHTE - ZaRLY SETTLER, INDIAN FIGHTER - ERaND- & SON OF PEREGRINE WHITE - IST WHITE CHHLD BORN Wi NEW ENGLANC appropriate date) 2) JotN and 3) CORNELUS WMTL- casel events o Hoese (4,SaRaH WHTITE SMITH in stitutional DATES: DADE OF CONSTRUCTION (spesifie date or 1/4 of contury): 1707-1740 DATE (S) OF "MAJOR" ALTERATIONS: HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT DATE (S) : SOURCE: (OF NOMINATION) PRIVATE STATE OTHER FEDERAL 'AGENCY: ACREAGE: (to nearest tenth of an acre) 6e0 LOCAL GOV"T MUNICIPAL COUNTY 1la stories, COMMENTS: (include architectural information here) FRAME, CLAPBQaRDING :|KREGULAR SHAPL, HIPPED ROOF, CENTE L CHIMNEY, FRONT CENTER ENTRAUCE full-paneed intrricas; NITH PEDIM'ENTAD ARESASRSUSS, I-STORY RAILED SIDE WING), l½-STORY20THC.

-GABLED CONNECTORS AMTACH I8TH C. BARN FEMONN HOUSE; ORIGINAL ORIGINAL OUTBUILDINE. PORY HOUSE CONVEIOTED TO CARRIAEE HOUSE AND MOVED, C. 1960NGROR- GIAN. BULT FOR FOHN AND CORNELUS, WHHTE, TANNNUNAEA A HiaLA NAnAEt Bullt or sons of early settiler John waite; later home of Adeline Whitey fhe first woman missionary under the American Board of Commissiongers and her sister ORO for Foreign Missions(1834), Sarah"Smith, early missinary to Oregon.