MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES GEOGRAPHICAL DATA LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY DEFINING THE LENTER POINI OF A PKOPERTY OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: APR 1 1 1974 National / CITY OR TOWN: As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- I hereby certify that this property is included in the tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law The National Register 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the c-iteria and procedures set Director, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation level of significance of this nomination is: * U.S.
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-729-147/1442 3-I 039 Degrees COUNTY DATE Seconds ORGANIZATION Minutes Local LATITUDE Name Cleveland Title CORNER ATTEST: STATE CODE LONGITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds Western Reserve Historical Society Eric Johannesen, Preservationist December 1973 FORMPREPARED BY NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION Less than one STREET AND NUMBER: NAME AND TITLE: T2. STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICATION Ohio tet. ILIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES forth by the National Park Service. The recommended Keeper of The National Register E 52Z 480 Jos. G. Butler, Jr., History of Youngstown and the Mahoning Youngstown Vindicator, June 24, 1973, A-6. REGISTER 10825 East Boulevard Form No. 10-300a (Rev.
10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM Austintown Log House, Youngstown vicinity, Austintown Township, Mahoning County, Ohio Listed on National Register July 30, 1974 At the time this property was nominated to the National Register, the During the summer of 1976, however, preliminary archeological work prepared, but these will be forwarded as soon as Dr. White supplies them to meters north to south, located in the northeast corner of the intersection of Raccoon and Burgett Roads, Austintown vicinity, Austintown Township, Mahoning County, Ohio. Dimensions are from the edges of existing roadway SE 17/522520/4545400 NW 17/522460/4545470 May 3, 1977 GPO 892 455 PAGE pavement. Grants Manager RECEIVED nominated acreage. CONTINUATION SHEET the Ohio Historic Preservation Office.
archeological investigation had been made of the site. Jeffrey Darbee ITEM NUMBER one acre. under Dr. John White of Youngstown State University was conducted DATE ENTERED Dr. White's investigations showed that the site covers an area of at the site, and it was found that considerable historic remains, The preliminary report of the 1976 work has not yet had its illustrations intent was to nominate only the Austin Log House itself as a point Boundaries:the site isa rectangular area 55 meters east to west by 70 APR 11 1977 approximately 55 by 70 meters (1 acre),the east-west dimension being with the house exist on the site, and at the time of nomination no as outlined in the accompanying report, warranted expanding the nomination of less than one acre. No other structures associated the shorter.
Consequently we wish to expand the nomination to cover UTM Coordinates: NE 17/522520/4545470 Form 10-300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY WING ADDER - PLASTER HEAT DuCT APR 1 1 1974 COUNTY DATE REGISTER STATE NATIONAL (Continuation Sheet) CHEN NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES ENTRY NUMBER NORTH (Number all entries) LOG CABIN JUL 3 0 1974 II CONC.BL.EDN: CENTER OPENING 12-13-73 RECEIVED To Cellar BURSETTRD PORCH -AUStiNTOvaTap. .11. 74,578 CONTROL REVIEW JUL 3 0 1979 INT: 1538-73 PROPERTY KEEPER Entered Re-submit Send-back MAPS Mahoning National Register Write-up TECH REVIEW 74001566 BRANCH CHIEF Federal Register entry WORKING NUMBER HISTORIAN REVIEW UNIT CHIEF 4.15. Sept.31974 STATE Chia PHOTOS accynt Working Number 4, 1l.
74, 578 ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN OTHER DATE DECREASE INCREASE Maps ATTEST: MOVE Control Cards 5.13.77 HISTORIAN Federal Register BRANCH CHIEF BOUNDARY REVISION State notified KEEPER OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER State REVIEW UNIT CHIEF THIS FORM IS TO BE FILED WITH THE NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION. Mahoning TAX REFORM ACT 7.25.77 to one au ARCHEOLOGIST KEEPER I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS BOUNDARY REVISION IS ACCEPTED ADP 711/77 FORM 10-301 A NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NAME AND/OR HISTORIC TNUMErIC CODE (Assigned by NPS) JUL 3 0 1974 2. LOCATION STREET AND NUMBER S. Raccoon and Burgett Roads 3. PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT E. Johannesen 4. IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. APR 1 1 1974 GPO 932-009 Mahoning Austintown Township COUNTY STATE NATIONAL Historical Soc. Austintown Log House COMMON REGISTE Northeast corner, looking southwest.
PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER (6/72) PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Type all entries-attach to or enclose with photograph) Ohio D^1973 JEGATIVE FILED A" TOWN Western Reserve UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FORM 10-301 A NAME AND/OR HISTORIC JUL 3 0 1974 2. LOCATION Mahoning STREET AND NUMBER S. Raccoon and Burgett Roads 3. PHOTO REFERENCE E. Johannesen 4. IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. APR 1 1 1974 GPO 932-009 1973 DATE Austintown Log House COMMON NATIONAL Southwest corner, looking northeast. Austintown Township PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM Western Reserve Historical Soc.
PHOTO CREDIT (6/72) PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NEGATIVE FILED AT (Type all entries -attach to or en close with photograph) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NUMERIC CODE (Assigned by NPS) REGISTE RECEIVED 'Form 10-301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE FOR NPS USE ONLY AND/OR HISTORIC: STREET AND NUM BER: TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference. 099 039 1970 DATE Mahoning COUNTY REQUIREMENTS NAME Austintown Township REGISTER STATE COMMON: NATIONAL CODE SCALE: SOURCE: ENTRY NUMBER U.S.G.S.
Youngstown Quadrangle Ohio Raccoon Road and Burgett Road PROPERTY MAP FORM NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CITY OR TOWN: (Type all entries-attach to or enclose with map) MAP REFERENCE Austintown Log House 1:24,000 1974 YOUNGSTOWN UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OHIO_MAHONING CO 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) OHIO APR 11 1977> REGISTER NATIONAL YOUNGSTOWN QUADRANGLE 41º 03' 42" Log House YOUNGSTOWN QUADRANGLE 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC Austintown UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO JUL 3 0 1974 House, Colonel Erastus, Hone Raya Corner Ion. Robert Taft, Jr. Ir. Daniel R. Porter Hon. Charles J. Carney Location STATE Name Date Entered MMott/row Ashtabula County 8/2/74 Mahoning County Also Notified Indian Lake State Park Logan County Director ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER Hon. Howard M.
Metzenbaum Dunns Pond Mound State Historic Preservation Officer Interstate #7l at 17th Ave. Lon. Tennyaon Guyer Austintown-township Youngstown vic. Austintowm Log House The Ohio llistorical Society APR 11 1977 May 3, 1977 Charles Herrington, Supervisor National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior 18th and C Streets, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20240 Dear Mr. Herrington: Ohio wishes to amend the nomination for the Austintown Log House, Mahoning County, Ohio, as outlined on the enclosed Continuation Sheet. revealed by archaeological investigation. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Thomas H.
Smith State Historic Preservation Officer THS: jd Director, Ohio Historical Society Ohio Historical Center 1-71& 17th Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43211 (614) 466-8727 Sincerely, REGISTER NATIONAL RECEIVED Registration Branch Ohio Historic Preservation Office National Park Service We are expanding the nominated acreage on the basis of new information Dr. Thomas H. Smith Director, The Ohio Historical Society Location Marietta STATE 880 Name Youngstown vicinity Mound Cemetery Mound* MMott/row Washington County Date Entered Mahoning County 8/3/77 Also Notified Austintown Log House* State Historic Preservation Officer *Boundary increase approved 7-26-77 ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER Interstate 7lat17th Avenue OHIO Columbus, Ohio 43211 John R.
White REGISTER RECEIVED NATIONAL Youngstown State University Excavations at the Austin Cabin Complex, 1976: A Preliminary Report APR 111977 AUTHORS NOTE the data presented herein will be modified, perhaps exten- closer analysis of the recovered material. sively, by continued work at the site and by further and This is by no means a final or in any sense complete report.It isa preliminary report of work done at the site where the work now stands.It is expected that a portion of to date.Its function is to serve as a ready synopsis of Ohio Historic Preservation Office OHIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY Columbus, Ohio 43211 1. Site Number 4. Site Name 33 Mh 11 2. County 5. Other Names For Site 3. Township 6. City or Town Vicinity of O 14. Land Form 23. Ownership: Public - Private X St. Andrews Episcopal 7. Map Reference 15. Elevation Church - 99 yr. lease to City of Austintown 16. Soil Type 24.
Form Prepared by 0-20% gritty loam M. Burns 8. Township & Range Number G. Nikolin cattails, ornamental shrubs. J. White (supervisor) T. 2 N., R. 3 W. 9. Section Number 25. Organization 10. Latitude 19. Present Use National Register 20. Type of Site Historical site, 11. Longitude 26. Location of Negatives 12. U.T.M. Reference 21. Drainage System 27. Date of Survey Artificial slough N of site runs E - W. 13. Verbal Site Location 22. Dimensions of Site 28. Survey Conditions 55 m E - W Corner S. Raccoon Road and Burgett Road (N.E.) 70 m N - S 29. Cultural Classification or 30. Artifacts Collected Window recesses, bottles, butchered bone (domesticated), saw, many historic artifacts noted but not collected, many historic beams noted but not collected. 31. References Remarks of cabin, well, cistern, barn, paddock, and four outbuildings and miscellaneous unknown 33.
Use opposite side to copy portion of topographic map with site located, attachment of contact print, sketch of site plan, or continuation of items 1-32. 7-23-76 Excellent Easting Austin Northing Cabin Mahoning Y.S.U. Ohio Historical Center Austintown Cabin Austin Cabin Complex Austintown Log Cabin Ohio Archaeological Council YSU survey group Time Period Bottom land dates from approximately 1802 features added over this period. Cabin built by Calvin Austin,1802,surveyor for Conn.Land Co.2 story cabin being 1800's Historic, early Zone Complex Log site.Not used for homestead-Seen Years. Corners SMITH CORNE 2 (CANFIELD) Tippecanpe 500 000 FEET Starrs Township, Ohio. The site is on property owned by St.
INTRODUCTION sea level and is throughout its extent flat and relatively University and augmented regularly by volunteers under ed because preliminary exploration and survey indicated my supervision, undertook the excavations of an early the southern boundary of Township 2 North, Range 3 West nineteenth century homestead located in Austintown The site is situated at an altitude of l,090 feet above The Austin Cabin complex is located in the Youngs- Historic Places. 23, an archaeological field crew consisting of five to and subtracted from the site over the approximately at the northeast corner of Raccoon and Burgett Roads.
students and recent graduates of Youngstown State Andrews Episcopal Church and leased by them to the com a series of structural features which have been added LOCATION AND SETTING munity of Austintown who maintain it (and the restored that the site, which covers an area of roughly cabin thereon)as part of the National Registry of The Austin Cabin complex (33MHll) was so designat- 162 years of its existence. During the summer of 1976,from July 28 to August (not inclading adjacent fields), is composed of contourless (Fig.l). flat field with only a very few scattered small trees. Run, a narrow shallow creek that ultimately empties into a small unnamed lake 1/3 of a mile west of the its slow drainage and moderate wetness; (Lessig, Hale; drainage (1971:98). lilac, Queen Anne's lace, blackberry, inkberry, and Austin Cabin complex.
ment and extension of urban area.The site is bordered east-west trending slough or ditch which separates the cultivated species including timothy, grass, daffodils, The site is in an area generally characterized loam of the Fitchville series (FcB) characterized by as suburban; an area previously composed of small farms The predominant soil types at the site are a silt of the site continues for some distance as unbroken on the west and south sides by Raccoon and Burgett Roads a highly organic soil thats wetness offers severe lim- The site cover consists of a variety of wild and overgrown.site area from the well manicured lawms of cattails (along the slough). southwest of the site and isa small fork of Anderson et al l97l: 8l) and a Papakating silty clay loam (Pc), itations to the growing of crops even with artificial the St.
Andrews Church grounds.The area to the east The closest natural drainage is approximately l33 meters and unimproved lands but of late given over to develop- and on the north (perhaps artificially) by a.generally EXCAVATION METHODOLOGY began at the site, work had already been completed on restoration of the Austin Cabin itself. Preliminary recorded and plotted, at least three of which were out- owner removed an abundance of artifacts from his cellar a strategy would: 1)allow for extensive, indepth exca- when excavations began, nine unusual conformations were to excavate the recorded features as discreet units into an arbitrarily devised system.It was felt such the Austin Cabin complex purportedly contains a pre- vation manageably handled within a given and abbreviated At the time that the archaeological excavations buildings and one which was a stone-lined well.
While no building structures were visible above ground instead of gridding off the entire site and keying them Because of the definition of the various features, In addition to the ample evidence of historic use, excavations; however this could not be verified. mapping of the site had taken place some months before. the time allowance weeks),the decision was made and 3)permit the excavation of discreet features at time frame;2)offer the advantage of being able to ex- the relatively small full time crew members),and the same time that the rest of the site was being pro- cavate in culturally relevant units and then shooting historic component. Reports state that a previous site them into their respective positions on the site map; tected from looters, collectors, ect. in ten years of the present, it was necessary to do field sorting.
After wash-screening by lots in order of glass, metal, pottery, ect., the remaining artifacts The material remaining was counted, examined, and noted. and always space-consuming junk. Unless a special discarded (again, after careful noting) in the field. The 'stratigraphy of the site reveals, so far, a the various features each have their own variation on clayey substratum overlain with a brown loamy solum STRATIGRAPHY to remove rust particles and other miniscule fragments were culled and nondiagnostic pieces were discarded.
on natural or cultural stratigraphy when such was dis- with prehistoric sites or even sites with an entirely pattern wherein the areas adjacent to and including early historical time reference, sites occupied into reason exists for doing otherwise this material is best the basic site-wide profile which includes a yellow After noting only those items of archaeological or his- the present have an abundance of usually insignificant Depth units for each excavated feature was based Because of the large amount of debris associated with a historic site, particularly one occupied to with- cases 2o centimeter) units when it was not. cernible and on arbitrary lo centimeter (or in some torical significance were bagged and labeled. Unlike unaltered in the various feature areas, the brown solum digging, and building activities.
Until a fuller pic- ture of the site stratigraphy is available, the most of these cultural units in the next section. Table 1 A total of eight major features were excavated (Fig.2). Of this number, two, a structural foundation and a stone-lined well, were of sufficient significance tention as part of the complex; two, a series of de- FEATURES parison. and from the southwest and northeast quadrants excavated pressions in combination with a large chiselled creation of various idiosyncratic stratigraphic subzones. The two most complete profiles come from a trench cut While the underlying yellow zone is ubiguitous and accurate way of reporting is by individual feature unit. tail a closer analysis; and four have been sufficiently explained and eliminated from further consideration.
to be considered for stabilization and permanent re- sandstone blocks and a possible privy hole, will en- igraphy is reported in more detail under the discussion and examined during the course of the season's work serves to correlate the two areas for purposes of com- of different consistencies.Each area by virtue of the adjacent to the stonelined well (Feature 3).The strat- has been modified to some extent by plowing, planting, particular use to which it was put has contributedto to the subsurface features examined, in whole or in by 9.35 meters in width. building materials), served to draw community interest to the site (Fig.3). basement. Firemen about to raze the structure dis- the massive logs beneath.
Historians confirmed the Calvin Austin, the cabin was subsequently deeded to siderable structural modifications winding up in its The most prominent feature of the Austin Cabin complex importance of the discovery, and the structure was saved for further examination and restoration.
site and has been almost totally restored.In addition itself the two-story log structure that dominates the The cabin has, through the years undergone con- final years as a modest bungalow with clapboard siding faced with artificial brick shingle and with an covered, upon peeling away the rotting surface wood, part, there are at least six more which have had no This total number does not include the Austin Cabin ments.Included in this latter group is a barn (with THE AUSTIN CABIN additional wing (which housed a small kitchen)and a work at all done on them outside of surface measure adjacent paddock) which measures ll.l5 meters in length "discovery"in had been hidden beneath modern site since the early l8oo's, and which, upon its is the large two-story loy cabin which has occupied the Purportedly built between 1802 and 1814 by one The restoration, well done from a technical point authenticity in restoration, including representatives that there is no evidence for this location, and in FEATURE 2 house some of the more interesting artifacts recovered chimney which the restorationists saw fit to incorporate its reclamation and ultimate stabilization and restora- necessary liberties were taken in the restoration pro- answers to the many questions of the cabin itself.
Feature 2 is an outbuilding foundation located of view, has been the subject of considerable contro- aeologist may well be the one who provides the ultimate tion claim that it is as accurate a restoration as (and site) was placed on the National Register of His- several owmers who altered the structure and the site's fact, say they, structural evidence would seem to in- toric Places in 1975. Central in the controversy is the large brick been restored by the community of Austintown and is open to the public. Ultimately the structure will possible under the circumstances. Exponents of greater into the south wall of the cabin. Adversaries claim dicate à centrally located heating system. The arch- versy in terms of its accuracy.Those responsible for through the archaeological work at the site.The cabin use to suit their individual needs.
The structure has (Fig.4) - ing material including sandstone blocks, large tile blocks, small glazed blocks, long cinder blocks, small fuse were removed. Melted pane glass, tar paper shingles, and bottle fragments were the most common artifacts. Archaeological evidence clearly indicated the southeast corner probably represents a doorway. visible course contained six different types of build- tangular foundation composed of a combination of various fifteen years previous. divided into six equal sized units.From the surface the circumference of the structure disclosed the wall For purposes of areal control, the feature was approximately 24 meters east of the cabin itself structure measured 7.9 meters in length (north to Excavation of the inside builder's trench around department substantiated this; the structure,at its stone building materials in the same course.
The footing to a depth of between 40 and 60 centimeters. It appears as though this structure underwent at least demise a toolshed, had burnt to the ground about All that remained of the structure was a low rec- that a fire had occurred on the premises at the end of cinder brick.A break in the course in 12.80 meters north northeast of the site datum and south) and 4.25meters in width (east to west).The and sod level of the large boxes of re- its use. Subsequent information from the Austintown fire both stacked and haphazardly laid bricks. Bottle and trench fill, being mixed with a friable brown loamy surrounding compacted yellow clayey soil. Preliminary conversely contained the least amount of debris. What 1)Strata I- 0-10cms. A loose well-aerated strong - : brown soil. Cultural material present. 2) Strata II- 10-22cms.
A loose brown-yellow soil 3) Strata III- 22-46cms. A well compacted brown, somewhat alayey loam. No cultural material pres- 4) Strata IV- 46-63cms. A Sirm, compacted yellowish east-to-west direction midway across the northern which appears to have resulted from mixing. abundant trench refuse was associated with the area soil.The trench fill was plainly demarked from the of the recovered material may give some clue. porcelain fragments and brickbats were used as The upper visible foundation rested in cement which examination indicates that the oldest and by far most third of the structure gave clear evidence of four strata: inside the north wall. The opposite, or south wall, this means, if anything, in terms of sequence or date one major overhaul in the course of its existence. at the juncture with Strata II. Cultural material present.
ent in this level but material does sit on it A trench cut.to a depth of 63centimeters in an clayey substratum. No cultural material. we are not sure at this early date. Subsequent analysis had been poured liberally over an underlying layer of A large rock in the center of the feature originates upper face, makes it an ideal candidate for a center it was probably left in place long after structural FEATURE 3 mately 41.2 meters north northeast of datum and 42.5 Prior to excavation, the well, which was originally two, more), was overflowing with refuse to such an loam, humic material, roots, and cultural debris. down so that the center point fell at the middle of port.
of four or five chisel-formed sandstone blocks (only aquarish with a rough saucer-like depression on its extent that site visitors had no idea that it was any- built to ground level and topped with a course composed meters northeast of the cabin. thing other than a garbage dump.A small mound approx- Feature 3 is a rock-lined well located approxi- changesallowed for the doing away ofa central sup- mouth outward to a distance of between 3 and 3.75 there remained only room enough for one, or at most The well (and mound) was divided into quadrants at the top of Strata III.Its position and shape, post support. Because of its size and entrenchment, three were recovered, one from deep in the well, but meters. This mound was composed of loosely packed on a north-south/east-west axis.
This grid was laid imately 23.2 centimeters high surrounded the well meter, and thereby exposing to that height the opposite two quarters of the well wall. It was felt that the the aid of a pump. 1) Strata I-A zone of brown to gray-brown loamy soil, well aerated, with numerous rootlets. soil but distinguished from Strata I by an material (including some possibly prehistoric) 3) Strata III- Yellow clayey soil. A substratum of fine consistency with very few rocks and Cultural material was in abundance through- cultural material was found in this zone. water was struck and we could dig no deeper without the same time that it provided a perspective on well accessible means of cleaning out the well debris at The thickness of each zone aiffers from one pit to Three strata were evident in the well area.
soil from the northeast and southwest quadrants outside mottled in areas with a gray clayey soil.No narrow well dimensions would make this a safer and more the well theunits toa depth of one was present but not in the abundance of Strata I. out this zone. the other. architecture seldom, if ever, seen. At 85 centimeters abundance of small cobbles and gravel. Cultural the well opening.The intention was to peel away the The upper dark Strata I is almost twice as southwest (17cms.). Also, in the northeast quadrant plete encincturing of the well, although we assume so. they originate at the same level as the well lip, they .
may represent stones cast into a pile from out the well, or stones discovered by the plow and laid a- northeast quadrant than in the southwest.In both quad- The southwestern well wall was removed exposing The well wall was much tighter and sturdier in the finishing or upper course of rocks in the well. quadrants and 78 centimeters in the northeast quadrant. quadrant which is yellower.
Strata III has much more gray than does the southwest with a cluster of smaller rocks which took their origin cavated we do not know if the rocks constitute a com- so quite possible that the original welldigger sta- tioned them there asa kind of buttressing for the the debris contained therein from the top of the well As the northwest and southeast well arcs were not.ex- imeters of the well, only debris) was placed in llected in l0 centimeter levels and because of its thick in the northeast quadrant (3lcms.) than in the toa depth of 85 centimeters.The well refuse was col- abundance(there was no soil fill within the per rants the heavier rocksof the well wall were "belted" the well wall some 64 centimeters into the southwest in upper Strata II.These stones extend outwards from gainst the well to get them out of the way.It is al- Labeled cartons for later sorting and cataloging At of well debris was post-1950 in origin; with some decomposed organic material, probably grass and weeds, the lower red zone, but with the major central portion of the zone having nothing, (Fig.5).
cultural material was recovered from the black zone; the upper limits having some material similiar to tween 20 and 35 centimeters.Steady pumping was needed red zone bya sizable concentration of cobbles acting sary to specify a more accurate date. the -50 centimeter level water was struck which filled The material taken from the upper levels of the tity of oxidized rmetal and resultant rust particles; cessation as a water source.Far less in the way of which had been tossed into the orifice subsequent to its well were stained a bright red-orange due to the quan- from this point on. the well and contiguous quadrants toa depth of be- Ata depth of l52centimetersa black sludgy level of.the material indicated that the top llo centimeters fragments of porcelain "Mason" or canning lids notable.
so also were the well rocks stained.Cursory examination the artifacts appear to get gradually older back to began.This black level is separated from the upper exceptions.Below this to a depth of 152 centimeters, asa partial well"plug".This thick black sludge is perhaps the late l930's.A closer look will be neces- centimeters. A large flat stone approximately 45 cent- (Noel-Hume 1969:146). -several wooden pail staves, some length of leather thong, several small square nails; and a blue tinted stopper was patented in 1872 (Lorrain 1968:35). It is 4. In the 1930's, the shaft, which by now has had From immediately above the well bottom were recovered the shaft prior to its abandonment and subsequent plug- "J.W.Dickey" bottle with a Hutchinson stopper and the 3.The site occupant filled the shaft with rocks arepository for house refuse. ging with vegetal waste.
nailed wood having an interior diameter the same as ience indicates that wells are abandoned for settling of its organic contents, began use as a careful search did not reveal the presence of a wooden the proposed shaft, which were commonly laid on the well ring or "donut",structural pieces of mortised or clay prior to the setting of the first course of rocks and cuttings in order to remove it as a hazard. imeters in diameter lay in the center of the well, but embossed date on the bottom of 1874.The Hutchinson likely that these artifacts fell or were tossed into The well sequence as we have it at this point is: 1.The shaft was dug just prior to 1874. The well bottom was reached at a depth of 280 2. The well was abandoned sometime later. Exper- numerous reasons after often very short lives. 5.
By the late 1960's the well was filled to over- FEATURE 4 This firewall, a three-sided affair open to the north, is located immediately adjacent to the site sures 110 centimeters long, east to west, and 56 cent- composed of fine ash, cinder, charcoal, and glass which was lacking in the concentration of ash, cinder, etc. and its horizontal position touching on the well wall, it sodded. probably built for the burning of trash. does not appear to be of early construction in relation rocks are placed atop others),this shallow wall rises strution.Located as it is with its origin on Strata I Closer examination of the well contents should allow flowing and people ceased using it as a repository.
The fill within the perimeters of the feature was to the rest of the site.It certainly was erected some distinguishable from the fill outside of its perimeter Feature 4 is a rude low firewall of cobblestones to a maximum height of l4 centimeters above its level of the rocks were barely visible when the area was de- loosely laid cobbles (except in a few places where some of urigin which is the middle of Strata I.It mea- us to be even more specific and ultimately to tie well use to other site activities. well (Feature 3). Composed of a single course of imeters wide, north to south. The uppermost surface fragments in a brown loam.This material was easily of items from its fill. FEATURE 5 Feature 5 is a small, low igloo-shaped mound of dirt screw top jars, and automatic machine made bottles. These a mound matrix of brown silty (with small rocks) loam.
The effects of "loading" were evidenced in the occurance of soil topped with a thin layer of dried vegetable material. was laid, a large cicular burnt area was noted which ran of many small (perhaps shovel-size?) lenses composed .the last several decades judging from a cursory examination relatively sparse remains were scattered evenly through mound and there does not appear to have been any functional point of the mound from which were recovered nails, charcoal, time after construction of the well and probably within at its apex. At the original ground surface on which the mound A one meter wide trench was cut through the highest These were not unlike pieces of sod. were all of relatively recent date e.g.round wire nails, maximum dimensions were 3oo centimeters east to west and 180 centimeters north to south. It measured 36 centimeters connection between the two.
The mound was probably a broken glass, and fragments of rusted metal.The mound artifacts beyond the dimensions of the mound.The stain predated the located 17.4 meters northwest of the rock-lined well.Its backdirt pile or pile of dirt clods tossed there by a previous (and not too remote) occupant. FEATURE 6 fill was a non-stratified mix of dark brown clayey soil with small rocks interspersed throughout. A small amount of artifacts, all of apparently recent origin, were found ments of glass, bottles, porcelain, wire nails, crockery, constituents. As with the shallower mound (Feature 5) scattered randomly throughout the mound matrix.
Frag- be backdirt piles from the construction of the nearby well was proved wrong through the recency of the mound away from the mound.Articles found below the mound, Immediately to the east and contiquous to this mound was and metal that were found within the mound were of the same a north - south direction; its narrowest 4.3 meters east An original hypothesis that the mound might i.e.in the soil on which the mound was also Feature 6is an almost circular earthen mound 1ocated 4.62meters of the same type. mound was not exainined to west.It rises to a maximum height of l.07 meters. north of the rock-lined well.
Its widest diameter is 4.97 meters in a second mound of roughly similar dimensions.This second A one meter wide trench five meters long was cut in variety and age as articles found on the site surface some 6 meters west, this mound is probably the result - and 20 meters north of datum. The entire area is appox- crockery sherds, wire nails, rusted tool parts, and a single area. of recent farming or ground-clearing operations. chiseled sandstone blocks in association with adjacent the-ground structure such as a chicken roost or crib is high at its apex. and adjacent depressions and between the cut sandstone The possibility that the arrangement of cut stones in abundance in the grass roots level.
clayey soil at the depth of 20 centimeters.Artifacts adjacent to the northern perimeter of structure Feature 2 Test pits and trenches laid down through the mound between the two shallow depressions is 20 centimeters as yet inconclusive.More work will have to be done in this were not in abundance but included glass and bottle fragments, Feature 7is an area consisting of several hand- was a rich brow sandy loam.This changed to a yellowish fill and the soil in the top 20 centimeters of the feature FEATURE 7 shallow depressions and mound. This feature is. located imately 5.9 meters long on a north - south axis by 3.44 meters east to west. The low elongated mound or rise blocks revealed nothing conclusive. The entire mound small flint nodule, possibly worked.
Chicken bones were was meaningful and that they represent part of an above FEATURE 8 deep located 22 meters north of datum and 6.3 meters northwest of the structure Feature 2. The depression identified, were recovered throughout and chicken bones At this point, prior to full analysis of the pit FEATURE 9 partially rimmed, along the northern and western perimeter, south. visible stratigraphy within the pit. bricks haphazardly extruding into the depression in all soil zones.Fragments of glass and porcelain were common broken pottery covered the surface over and adjacent to pit; and one of relatively recent creation.
with small boulders.A sizable scatter of old bricks and and continued in an irregular manner into the yellow The pit originated in the upper part of Strata I Feature 9 is a relatively shallow rectanguloid pit would have to identify this asa refuse Feature 8 is a roughly circular pit 54 centimeters east to west byl.30 meters north to south.The pit clayey subsoil. The pit fill was a dark brown, highly organic loam. The west wall of the pit had several as was other historic debris. Bones, some as yet un- were found in profusion at all levels. There was no the depression.
The pit dimensions were 1.60 meters extended to a total depth of 50 centimeters at measures l.53 meters east to west and 1.20 meters north to at which point the unit became too wet for further was a dark brown humic peaty soil, from -30 to -50 centimeters it was a mixture of brown silty and yellow chicken bones, window glass fragments, brickbats, crock- ery fragments, porcelain fragments, bottle fragments, it, the rich peaty soil matrix and debris is consistent 21.5 meters from the northeast corner of the cabin, is All artifactual material was collected, field- digging. nificant. chance placement.
of no archaeological or historical significance were most cursory examination reveals that the overwhelming The artifacts taken from the Austin Cabin complex While nothing more concrete was found to suggest also consistent with its use in this capacity.More THE ARTIFACTS work is called for in this area. fragments and material of such recent vintage as to be and red glass beads.The upper rim of rocks were not The pit fill from the surface to-30 centimeters underlain by a second course indicating, perhaps, a cleaned, and counted prior to discarding. Non-diagnostic number are recent and probably archaeologically insig- clayey loams.Throughout the pit were found wire nails, with the remains of a privy or laystall.Its distance, have yet to be examined in detail.However even the T.V.
dinner trays, Christmas tree light buibs, clay For example, from the surface of one feature of historical or archaeologicalssignificance,a sampling clude glass, ceramic, metal, wood, lithic,and a com- is far from complete, data for each class is not - GLASS and bottle fragments, and pressed glass. of various ceramic types and styles was retained for only those items of special historical or archaeological comparative purposes. bination of more than one material.As the analysis quantified and artifacts are discussed in broad terms Glass represented one of the two largest classes used flashbulbs and including mayonnaise jars, Swanson's principal forms: window or pane glass fragments, bottles was everything from plastic Clorox bottle fragments to talking about an excess of ten thousand discardants.
While a complete listing and quantification of all have been recovered to date from the site.These in- flower pot fragments, etc.In actual numbers we are except in special cases. In addition to those artifacts considered to be site material will be appended to the final report, discarded after this initial noting. In this category. interest will be discussed here.Six classes of artifacts of.artifacts from the site.It was recovered in three all areas of the site, where it occured in from small to large amounts. After- counting, most of it lines indicating some historical antiquity. A thin "collar applied" variety (Fig. ).Several of the older most common types.
Archaeologically, the most import- YOUNGSTOWN J.W.DICKEY a Hutchinson-type stopper still in place and carried Pane glass-Fragments of pane glass were recovered in Bottles and bottle fragments- Of the historically fragments had walls of uneven thickness and several nacreous patina covers some of the older pieces.Many the embossed inscription: was discarded as being recent;but several pieces are of unequal thickness and contain air bubbles and flow ant find was an unbroken bottle retrieved from the bot- of the more modern pane fragments were discolored and warped by their subjection to intense heat. take a cork or internal stopper, and all are of the significant bottles (and fragments) so far recovered, with an abundance dating from the final decades of that the earliest appear to date from the middle l800's, century.
One "eagle" flask fragment may date from as dating process somewhat easier. All were designed to constituents. Whiskey and medicine bottles were the OHIO were were "blued" by conversion of their metallic tom of the site well.This light blue specimen had early as l840 (Fig.).Several bottlenecks make the and on the bottom the date "1874" (Fig. ). fragments were recovered, the most interesting of which base and side fragment, is circular,clear, and has a a complex design on its sides (Fig. ). 1.25cms. (1), .9cms.(1), .65cms. (7), and .4cms. (!0). "Vitrified by The Sterling China Co. E. Liverpool, Ohio" (Fig. ).
CERAMICS Miscellaneous glass- The most interesting artifacts Pressed glass- Several pressed glass container in this category were nineteen rectanguloid glass beads single specimen was found with a pottery mark or identifying inscription and this was of a relatively Choclate" On its side and carrying the pottery mark cordate pattern with rectangular fill on the base and came from a footer trench which also contained an early recent date.The specimen was a white porcelain cup rectangular pattern on its bottom, and a continuous While many ceramic sherds were recovered, only a taken from 40 centimeters in Feature 9 tentatively defined Each of the beads had 24 sides or facets (Fig.). row of "Greek keys" making up the design of its sides -historic flask fragment. One specimen, consisting of a (Fig. ).
The second also circular and clear had a with brown spots bearing the words "Murphy's Maillard as a privy.The red beads came in four diameter sizes: facts so far identified include a small (45.5cms long) plowshare, numerous square nails ( of different sizes), The principal, and so far earliest, wooden arti- staves measuring between 21.7 and 30.1 centimeters in which probably served as a bail (Fig. ). LITHIC METAL WOOD Metal artifacts recovered from the Austin Cabin their siliceous crusts using a variety of methods. several spikes or pins, and various machine parts. fragments have corniced joints and a wire hoop around facts recovered from the site were the staves constit- length were removed from the extreme bottom of the well.
Cleaning of the heavy iron material is being done by several sheets of tin which probably are collapsed and flattened sections of a large container, perhaps a complex are still in the process of being cleaned of skeleton variety(found within the walls of the cabin), bucket in the lower depths of the two axe from the bottom of the well), exposure to high temperatures (White: in press). Arti- uting what may have been the original well pail. These One of the pieces hasa long leather thong attached structure, were the only prehistoric artifacts recovered. COMBINATION OF MATERIALS egory was a small flat rectangle of leather to which a hand carved wooden block had been tacked. The art- centimeters in width, by 3.7 centimeters in height, FAUNAL REMAINS bear evidence of the butcher's saw.
The chicken This category was reserved for artifacts made up, constitute the second most common class and all Chicken bones constitute by far the largest group have been purposely but unsystematically detached attest the Austin Cabin complex (Fig. ).The three specimens, Three pieces or cores of flint from which flakes The singularly most interesting artifact in this cat- of bones as far recovered from the site.Beef bones to the possible existence of a prehistoric component at in more or less equal parts, of two or more materials. pull (Fig.).Its shape is also consistent with its recovered from the very bottom of the well.
jacent to the well and one of which came from the top thing larger in the manner of a drawer handle or ifact, which measures 9 centimeters in length by 8,2 has what appear to be six small nail holes in one two of which were recovered from the excavations end of the leather and may have been attached to some- ten centimeters of a test trench across the Feature2 posible use as a plug or stopple of sorts.It was profusion at all depths in features tentatively defined the land was farmed and filled, these pieces of flint of the historic component. Some site chronology can be developed, however.
indication, the well was probably built sometime prior to say much concerning the date of earliest occupation historic cabin was built on a prehistoric site.With CHRONOLOGY AND SPACE UTILIZATION If the deepest and oldest well contents are any prehistoric and historic, we cannot say for sure at this them. On the basis of excavations so far it is difficult bones appear throughout all areas of the site and in cavated well was constructed primarily for other than much in the way of incontrovertible evidence that the area described as a posible crib or coop (Feature 7).
As to whether or not the site has two components, all the earthmoving that went on over the years that past tenant(-s) who raised chickens as well as ate to l874.There is every reason to suspect that this They also occur in some number in the sod level of the well was not the first well on the site.If the ex- asa garbage pit(Feature 8) and a privy (Feature 9). The finding of a fragment of a cast iron incubator is consistent with these bones and may indicate a early date.The three isolated finds do not constitute could easily have been brought in from without. was built, and one would certainly dig it nearer than wel1 be later than that of the nearby, and as yet un- excavated, barn and paddock. Records show that site the cabin warrants this assumption- then another well occupies the same area of the trench.This mixing of allow us to determine which.
structure.Some specimens may date as early as the The barn could have been raised during any of these be used reliably to date the structure specifically, used to date the structure as later material often The oldest material so for taken from the site was excavator's utilization of material from a nearby re- household use-its location a distant 42 meters from 42 meters away.If the well was dug primarily to ser date for the site. recovered from the footer trenches of the Feature2 closer to the cabin must predate it.A house well would have been put down within a short time after the cabin vice cattle and its date 1874) may and Abraham Dustman(l845-l850) all had cattle and horses. occupants William Packard (1814-1828), Samuel Dorwart (1828- late 1830's), Henry Lorins (late 1830's-1845), occupancies. Excavation and artifact analysis ahould middle 1800's.
These specimens, however, cannot be old and new probably resulted from an earlier trench fuse heap as fill.While the early artifacts cannot they do indicate the presence of at least a mid-l800's of the Feature 2 structure, but still to be done, and as yet unidentified features. It is anticipated that AFTERWORD goal is to reconstruct the man-land relationships ob= questions and only excavation and the analysis that aspects of the historic occupation of the Austin Cabin a conclusion. of major importance, is the large barn and several other artifact analysis) and almost complete on the remains progresses and more area is cleared. Considering the early stages of investigation in taining at the site through time and develop a model we should know a considerable amount about certain which we are in, an afterword seems more suitable than for the change observed thereat.
Though the record tells us that Calvin Austin held We have gathered a considerable amount of data from even more subsurface features.will be revealed as work no mention of the cabin or the use to which the land general terms and no information is available as to how they each altered the property. These are important was put.Subsequent site owners are mentioned only in complex.Work is complete on the site well (except for the excavation so far.When it has been fully analyzed, TABLE 1 0-10 cms - A loose S.W. quad IN-E.
quad immediately below 0-17 cms 0-31 cms soil (7.5 YR 5/6) brown soil (7.5 YR 5/6) 10-22 cms - A loose (10 YR 5/4) 22-46 cms - A below A; transitional clayey loam (10 YR soil (10 YR 5/2) with (10 YR 4/4) clayey soil (10 YR 4/4) gray (10 YR 6/1) R Layer SOLUM stratum) w/rootlets Not encountered clayey soil Mineral horizon residue atop mineral Decaying plant compacted brown Removed by desodding Compacted yellowish yellowish brown soil (Structure) well-aerated brown Consolidated rock abundance of gravel With Soil Horizons soil soil parent material beneath soil in areas mottled with Feature 2 Feature 3 Upper humic layer Well aerated strong Correlation of Stratigraphy of Features 2 and 3 Horizon below solum; B Horizon (Subsoil) Strata I between A and C. C Horizon (Sub- 46-? - A firm Grayish-brown loamy (well) Lessig,H, W.F. Hale, P.W. Reese, and G.T.
Post Lorrain, Dessamae 1968 "An Archaeologists' Guide to Nineteenth aeology, Vol. IV, pp. 35-44. Noel Hume, Ivor White, John R York. REFERENCES Artifacts by Calcination and Induced Century American Glass" Historical Arch- 1969 Historical Archaeology. Alfred Knopf: New Government Printing Office: Washington,D.C. In Press "The Cleaning of Heavily Incrusted Iron 1971 Soil Survey of Mahoning County,Ohio. U.s. OMB Approval No. 29-R0218 BER 1. TYPE 19 77 07 28 (Mark ap- 4. LEGAL APPLICANT/RECIPIENT 5. FEDERAL EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO. a. Applicant Name b. Organization Unit 1982 Velma Avenue c. Street/P.O. Box PROJECT d. City -. County : b. TITLE f. State & telephone No.) 7. TITLE AND DESCRIPTION OF APPLICANT'S PROJECT 8. TYPE OF APPLICANT/RECIPIENT I- Higher Educational Institution - Indian Tribe Mahoning County, Ohio - investigation of early farm. 9. TYPE OF ASSISTANCE 11. ESTIMATED 12.
TYPE OF APPLICATION States, etc.) 17. PROJECT PROJECT START LOCAL 19. EXISTING FEDERAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER FEDERAL AGENCY D 21. REMARKS ADDED - Yes &] No b. If required by OMB Circular A-95 this application was submitted, pursuant to in- b. SIGNATURE e. DATE SIGNED 24. AGENCY NAME 26. ORGANIZATIONAL UNIT 27. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE 28. FEDERAL APPLICATION 29. ADDRESS 31. ACTION TAKEN EK&. AWARDED b. REJECTED e. RETURNED FOR 19 80 07 27 AMENDMENT d. DEFERRED (202) 523-5472 b.
FEDERAL AGENCY A-95 OFFICIAL same as STANDARD FORM 424 PAGE 1 (10-75) 20240 39-76-00293-00 614-466-8727 31-4389673W BENEFITING Year 43211 ENDING APPLICATION FUNDING CONTACT CATION IDENTIFICATION day FOR Catalog) DURATION TOTAL DATE 424-101 CERTIFYING FIER GRAM SHPO ASSIGNED 50,000 PROPOSED FUNDING Franklin attached CERTIFIES Columbus Federal RECEIVED OTHER PREAPPLICATION SENTATIVE C-Revision A-State SAI#2-6-40 District STARTING Historic Preservation A-New Ohio E-Cancellation REPRE- Grants Administration Division D-Decrease Duration 3,900 3,975 10,628 Stephen Newman propriate Blank E-Augmentation Leave A-Basic Grant D-Insurance Enter appropriate letter Year month ance is approved.
Ohio Historic Preservation Office IDENTI- CANT'S REPORT OF FEDERAL ACTION 14,528 FEDERAL ASSISTANCE H-Community Action Agency Grants-in-Aid for C-Loan B-Decreaso Dollars BE SUBMITTED TO A-Increase Dollars 7,875 the applicant and the applicant will comply Enter appro- it has been or is being made. Source of nonfederal match is the Austintown 14. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF: DATE Year month day .WITHDRAWN ESTIMATED DATE TO E-City C-Increase Duration () Ohio State Clearinghouse structions therein, to appropriate clearinzhouses and all responses are attached: Thomas H. Smith duly authorized by the governing body of with the attached assurances if tho assist- Department of the Interior (Name and telephone no.) F-School District APPLI. NOTIFICATION OF INTENT (Opt) B-Interstate priate letter(s) K-Other (Specify): a.To the best of my knowledge and beiief, h.
Contact Person box) SECTION II- Community Council. (Youngstown, Mahoning County) 10. AREA OF PROJECT IMPACT (Names of cities, counties, 20. FEDERAL AGENCY TO RECEIVE REQUEST (Name, City, State, ZIP code) No re- National Park Service 30. FEDERAL GRANT Washington, D 33. ACTION DATE - sidered. If agency response is due under provisions of Part 1, OMB Circular A-95 ACTION B-Renewal D-Continuation sponse ADDITIONAL Ohio Historical Society C-Substate B-Supplemental Grant Austintown Log House, Austintown vicinity, data in this preappiication/application are (From 8.TYPED NAME AND TITLE Director and SHPO 19see#34 TION (Name and telephone number) Reeponse true and correct, the document has been C.STATE JUN 15.TYE/OF CHANGE NATIONAL REGISTER DATA SHEET Rvs ) county code: 26 1977 (11)CONGRESS. DISTRICT 19th 12)SOURCE of NOMINATION 1 WITHIN NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK?
L5 ACREAGE D deteriorated Doriginal site Vfeatures: ECO NOT INTACT-O O UNKNOWN-S Z0 NOT APPLICABLE - 7 - No Access IS PROPERTY A HISTORIC DISTRICT?
Dyes Ono ] AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE : C LANDSCAPE ARCH.- 15 -RECREATION -28 OCLAIMS: explain C POLITICS / GOVT.- 21 CJARCHEOLOGY - prehistoric -2 - ENTERTAINMENT-26 C LAW- 16 C RELIGION- 22 C SETTLEMENT-29 BARCHEOLOGY - historic - 1 C LITERATURE - 17 C SCIENCE- 23 'oldest' O D AGRICULTURE -3 CO CONSERVATION -8 C MILITARY - 18 C ECONOMICS-9 C INDUSTRY - 13 CO MUSIC- 19 - SOCIAL / CULTURAL- 30 'only' D D EDUCATICN-10 C INVENTION -14- - PHILOSOPHY - 20 C TRANSPORTATION -25 3 functions 2dates of initial construction: ®landscape architect/ garden designer: F ADDITIONAL SPACE NEEDED, NUMBER & PUT ON REVERSE Youngstown CONDITION ASSOCIATION Mahoning major alterations: INSTITUTIONAL: EVENTS: PRIVATE ORGANIZATION PERSONAL: FEDERAL HEALTH-27 CURRENTLY: ENGINEERING-11 STATE vicinity of ARCHITECTURE-4 Dexcavated COMMERCE-6 historic events: SUBSTANTIALLY INTACT-1 WHEN HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT: LOCAL ADMINISTRATOR: URBAN PLANMING-31 Dunexposed W of Youngstown on Raccoon Rd.
YES.NAME NAME as it appears on federal register: Dexcellent of entry: Daltered Dmoved GNPS REGION: 2CTHER NAMES: (10 FUNDED? [YES Dreconstrueted - COMMUNICATIONS-1 CEXPLORATION -12 C ART-5 @architeotural style(s): a engineer: a interior decorator: Abullder/contractor: & reviewers initials. @arohitect: NAMES give role & date artist: 19th master builder: Austintown Log House (boundary correction) WITHIN NATIONAL REGISTER HISTORIC DISTRICT? Dfair Oruins 3artisan: Ogood
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