Nomination for Horseshoe Mound

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Rev. 6-72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - County NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM ENTRY DATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) AND/ OR HISTORIC: Port smouth 3. CLASSIFICATION - Building - In Process X Unrestricted - Preservation work PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) - Transportation - Comments Commercial OWNER'S NAME: AUG 2 2 1973 City of Port smouth 5.

LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: Recorder's Office, Scioto County Courthouse REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE OF SURVEY: DATE OF SURVEY: - Federal - Local DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: 039 1939 145 LOCATION Site ACCESSIBLE REGISTER Religious MAY Both Private NATIONAL Ohio Structure CATEGORY NAME Military Educational Government Private Residence District Columbus STATUS Unoccupied OWNERSHIP Entertainment Horseshoe Mound Public CODE Park Being Considered Portsmouth Group COMMON: ENTRY NUMBER Scioto 6th Street Division of Archaeology, The Ohio Historical Society CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: Museum Object Yes: Public Acquisition: Agricultural 1982 Velma Avenue TO THE PUBLIC Scientific OWNER OF PROPERTY Industrial STREET AND NUMBER: K State City Hall, 2nd Street CITY OR TOWN: (Check One) FOR NPS USE ONLY 6th - William H.

Harsha - Other (Specify DATE Index of Archaeological Sites - Deteriorated - Unaltered * Original Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Description of the property

where now florishes the town of Portsmouth, is a wide, fertile, cresents, mounds, and parallel walls placed at random around them. A In general, the entire works, that consisted of three individual AUG 2 2 1973 CONDITION DESCRIPTION REGISTER NATIONAL Moved This unusual mound is a U-shaped or horseshoe-shaped embankment.It southeast and southwest joining two geometric structures in Kentucky. reconstructed and has been well maintained in the park grounds. of two identical horseshoe-shaped embankments side-by-side with circles, avenues which conform to the cardinal points.A large trunkaded mound Ohio River.The general area where the Horseshoe Mound is situated The interior surface area of the horseshoe measures 75 feet across These two works in Kentucky exhibited beautiful order and symmetry.

earthen parallel walls or ways radiated out from the center to the rectangle to the northeast and southwest.Other small embankments circular wall 5 feet in height surrounded the two horseshoe mounds and remains on the Ohio side of the river. this great prehistoric group only one horseshoe-shaped embankment still is presently located in Mound Park within the city limits of Ports- The area surrounding the confluence of the Scioto and Ohio rivers, The other work laid directly opposite the mouth of the Scioto River. parallel walls, and mounds that extended for eight miles along the described and have probably since been destroyed.

and mounds were reported to be in the vicinity but were never well circles placed at irregular intervals to each other and cut by 4 broad beautiful valley.Here once existed a magnificent group of earthworks, was placed in the center with a graded way that lead to the summit. (Check One) Fair - Unexposed earthworks, several miles of parallel walls, and many smaller structures, ment measures 30 to 33 feet across at the base and 7.5 feet in height. and the lengthwise measurement is 178 feet. It has probably been measured 12 feet in height and 35 to 40 feet wide at the base.

There were long parallel walls 2100 feet long that lead out away from the Excellent mouth on Hutchins Avenue between Grant and 17th avenues.The embank- Ruins RECEIVED One is near the mouth of the Tygart River and consisted of 4 concentric Good X Pre-Columbian| - 15th Century - Urban Planning X] Prehistoric - Other (Specify) - Science - Transportation STATEMENT OF

Statement of significance

The Portsmouth Group, of which Horseshoe Mound is a part, was one of The Hopewell people, who lived in the Ohio Valley nearly 2,000 years ago, were a sedentary group occupying permanent villages and relying and other types of rigid , formal groups. Great centers, like the Portsmouth Group, were constructed as ceremonial centers and occupied AUG 2 2 1973 Engineering Commerce Conservation SIGNIFICANCE losophy Architecture REGISTER Communications Literature Aboriginal Military NATIONAL Theater Education Religion/Phi Music Agriculture Landscape Art Political the singularly most impressive and interesting prehistoric works in Invention accomodated during seasonal or traditional gatherings. upon horticultural activities and hunting game for their subsistence.

Social/Human- Sculpture and extensively used as a ceremonial center during the Hopewell Phase, ornaments, and offerings.Tombs were built and covered with mounds They most probably had a well-developed social organization with clans been nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in hopes mouth Group.It is in excellent condition and well maintained ina municipal park.Within this park are several rises that could pos- and cremations often accompanied by ceremonial grave implements, prehistoric works was probably constructed over a long period of time of earthworks suggests the great numbers of people which could be and parallel walls, were connected by many miles of embankments. This that the small remaining portion of once the most splendid Hopewellian sibly be bases of other structures or mounds, as pictured on the ceremonial center will be preserved.

including extended inhuma_tions attaired in their finest costumes on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, with their mounds, circles, 400 B.C.to A.D.700.The general acreage of such an extensive group Industry PERIOD (Check One or More as Appropriate) SPECIFIC DATEIS) (If Applicable and Known) AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate) This by the ruling class. The Hopewell practiced elaborate burial customs RECEIVED the Ohio Valley.The three divisions or centers, two of which were Horseshoe Mound is all that remains in Ohio of the magnificant Ports- 1. Atwater, Caleb. "Descriptions of the Antiguities Discovered in the

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

GEOGRAPHICAL DATA LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES 8.25 acres AUG 8 2 1973 FORM PREPARED BY Elizabeth A. Scheurer, Field Archaeologist CITY OR TOWN: 2. STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICATION As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law The National Register 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been GPO 931-894 039 1902 1928 1820 Degrees LONGITUDE Seconds LATITUDE Name Title DATE COUNTY Minutes ORGANIZATION CORNER Local STATE CODE ATTEST: NATIONAL 5/14/73 Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society. NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION The Ohio Historical Society Degrees Minutes Seconds Mass.: American Antiquarian Society.

MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES I hereby certify that this property is included in the Director, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation State of Ohio and other Western States," Archaeologia 1982 Velma Avenue evaluated according to the c-iteria and procedures set Columbus level of significance of this nomination is: STREET AND NUMBER: NAME AND TITLE: 2. Foster, John W.and Gerard Fowke. Archaeological Investigations-II," APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: forth by the National Park Service. The recommended Cug. 1973 Keeper of Form 10-300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM MAY 2 Portsmouth: McFarland and Elick. 6. Holt, R.B. Journal, VOL. VII, American Journal of Archaeology, vol. III. Antiquarian, XXIII. 9. Shepherd, Henry A.

GPO 901.082 1901 1887 COUNTY DATE REGISTER Horseshoe Mound NATIONAL STATE Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britian and Scioto Robert Clarke and Company. Valley Washington: Smithsonian Institution. (Continuation Sheet) NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Major Bibliographical References Cont. ENTRY NUMBER FOR NPS USE ONLY (Number all entries) 2 2 1973 Earthworks of Portsmouth, Ohio, U.S., 8. - Peet, Stephen D. "Stone Circles in Europe and America," Ameri can The Antiquities of the State of Ohio. Cincinnati: 10. Squier E.G. and E-i, Davis. AUG 2 2 1973 Portsmouth: Blade Publishing Company. 1848 1883 1878 Ohio Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi cription of the Ancient Earthworks of Portsmouth, Ohio. Hempstead, Giles S.B.Antiquities of Portsmouth and Vicinity.. 8.22.

73, 3480 Federal Register entry June MAY ARCHEOLOGIST HISTORIAN Entered Maps Send-back Re-submit BRANCH CHIEF KEEPER Photos TECH REVIEW WORKING NUMBER National Register write-up ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN CONTROL REVIEW REVIEW UNIT CHIEF scioto 197 823- 12/7 Form No. 10-301a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NAME AND/OR HISTORIC: . Portsmouth Group LOCA TION AUG 2 2 1973 NEGATIVE FILED AT: Division of Archaeology, The Ohio Historical Society DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. INT: 154-72 039 Portsmouth COUNTY 1973 DATE STATE 145 NATIONAL PHOTO REFERENCE CODE Horseshoe Mound of the Portsmouth Group looking north Elizabeth A.

Scheurer Scioto PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM ENTRY NUMBER Hutchins Avenue between Grant and 17th Avenues COMMON: Horseshoe Mound Ohio PHOTO CREDIT: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES IDENTIFICATION FOR NPS USE ONLY PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TOWN: DATE OF PHOTO: (7/72) HORSESHOE MOUND , PORTSMOUTTH, OHIO MAY 1974 REGIST RECEIVED Form No. 10-301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Rev. 7-72 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with map) STREET AND NUM BER: Hutchins Avenue between Grant and 17th Avenues CITY OR TOWN: AUG 2 2 1973 TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference.

INT: 155-72 039 145 1968 NAME COUNTY Portsmouth REQUIREMENTS DATE REGISTER STATE Ohio CODE Scioto LOCATION COMMON: ENTRY NUMBER MAP REFERENCE Horseshoe Mound NATIONAL PROPERTY MAP FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY MAY AND/OR HISTORIC: Portsmouth Group- V.S.G.S. 7½' Quadrangle "Portsmouth, Ky. 1:24000 SCALE: SOURCE: RECEIVED DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PORTSMOUTH, KY.-OHIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ( State Route RIVER Latitude: PORTSMOUTH QUADRANGLE UNITED STATES 38°4435# Form 10-301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1. NAME NUMERIC CODE (Assigned By NPS) 2. LOCATION 3. MAP REFERENCE E.G.

Squier 1" = 1 mile AUG 2 2 1973 1847 Scioto COUNTY NATIONAL Portsmouth TOWN DATE SOURCE COMMON STATE Portsmouth Group SCALE Ohio Horseshoe Mound NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES STREET AND NUMBER AND/OR HISTORIC PROPERTY MAP FORM Hutchins Avenue between Grant and 17th Avenues REGISTE: (Type all entries-attach to or enclose with map) GPO932-010 REQUIREMENTS: PROPERTY BOUNDARIES, WHERE REQUIRED, AND NORTH ARROW: RECEIVED SCALE XXVII. HORSESHOE MOUND One Mile to the Inch. STATE OHIO Hon. Howard M. Metzenbaum Hon. Robert Taft, Jr. Eon. John M. Ashbrook NE. Richard Leverty, Corps of PR MMOTT: p1 5/8/74 Location Name Licking County Also Notified ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER Piketon vicinity Portsmouth Piketon Hounds Regional Director, Midwest Region Pike County Scloto County McDanlel Mound The Ohio Historical Society Ueiea vicinity Eagineers Mr. Daniel R. Porter, Diractor Hon.

Willian H. Hareha MAY Date Entered OHIO llorseshoe Mound