Major Bibliographical References Tax Assessor's Platbooks, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1910, 1915 Slave list, 1846 Research material from OAC/OPH Project, 1981 Deed of Sale of Lot 61 (S2) Family records of Helen Gilmore, Randolph Slave Descendant Piqua Daily Call, April 16, 1901 10. Geographical Data Quadrangle name - Quadrangle scale 1:24,000 - state 11. Form Prepared By Helen Gilmore, President assisted by Mary Ann Brown, SW Ohio Pres. Off. street & number 8280 McFarland Street telephone 513-773-6789 - national State Historic Preservation Officer signature 1872 code Easting 6/86 organization date county Zone Northing local name/title Piqua East UTM References Rossville Historical Society Attest: Ohio Verbal boundary description and justification city or town 12.
State Historic Preservation Officer Certification List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service McFarland's Addition of Rossville. The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89- Chief of Registration Acreage of nominated property less than l acre The boundary for the nominated property includes all of the South half of Lot 61 in For NPs use only Trial Transcripts, Moton vs.
Kessens, Plaintiff's Brief, 1917 Tax Dup1icates,1970-1920 Hereby certify that this property is included in the National Register 665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that ithas been evaluated Keeper of the National Register SHPO York Rial House, Piqua, Item number 8 Page 2 The documentation for the York Rial House which follows is therefore, rare. foundation of the house. years, but before a decision had been made, York Rial died in 1913. The court research outlined above however, has clarified the significance of the Rial type, generally of frame and built between 1870 and 1890, is two rooms across piers without a cellar, are without a central hall, and have two rooms point.
Inventory-Nomination Form (3-82) National Register of Historic Places value remained consistent until well after reappraisal had reflected the National Park Service as a consequence of provisions in the disputed will of eccentric Virginia The house has architectural significance as a prime example of a house type county, but a group of white settlers forcibly opposed their settlement.Some York Rial gained national attention in 1907,when he and William Moton hill away from the river after the flood. York Rial's house was unusual United States Department of the Interior House as well.
because of its heavy stone foundation in Rossville and may have withstood the NPS Form 10-900-a The land with the house was owned by York at the time of his death, and the until 1891,when a house worth $90 was added to the value of the lot.Rial attempted to reclaim the 32o0 acres of land that had been bought for them near era in the country's history when civil rights for black people was at a low Miami County, Ohio The nine year old boy, York (#589) is included along with his mother on the constant, it shows that the house did not wash down the river, as had many of slave list from Randolph's will which enumerated and described the black platbooks show that the south half of this lot had no buildings from 1872 worked as a mason and may have been involved in the construction of the earlier suggested that the African Jackson Cemetery (NR_12/16/82) would be the Continuation sheet best remaining example of the Randolph Slave history.Further indepth statesman John Randolph.Land was purchased for them in southern Mercer OMB NO.1024-0018 the early black community of Carthagena in Mercer County.The lengthy of the Great Miami River at Rossville.York Rial purchased the south half of the other houses that belonged to the Randolph Slave decendants.Some houses materials, and steeply pitched roofs of these houses sets them apart from the that were not broken up by the force of the water were moved further up the represented the Randolph Slave descendants in a series of court cases.They case was settled four years later in favor of the white landowners during an found in rural black settlements in Ohio.The one and one-half story house date entered door and window openings and a few have double front doors.The small size, Lot 61 in McFarland's Addition of Rossville in 1872.The tax assessor's and one deep.This example is approximately 24' by 30' and like most has a OMB No.
1024-0018 York Rial House, Piqua Item number 8 been identified in a comprehensive study of ten rural black settlements, all in Goochland County, Virginia. Page history. (3-82) historically which was deteriorated, removed and reconstructed in the same Inventory-Nomination Form established before the Civil War in western, southern and eastern Ohio. The Rial House has always had only two openings in the facade and while one National Park Service western Ohio where the house type was first identified.This house type has National Register of Historic Places significance of the house type in the state. has been changed from a door to a window, the original pattern remains intact.
House and slave quarters still standing at Tuckahoe Plantation (NHL 11/22/68) NPS Form 10-900-a United States Department of the Interior took advantage of whatever was readily available.The house had a porch The property is still owned by members of York Rial's family who have opened Miami County, Ohio a variety of materials obtained from different suppliers is in part, a original room partitions and staircase preserved.
In short, the ability to these might seem to compromise the integrity of the house, but all of the the York Rial House of major importance in understanding the architectural effort is being made by the community to protect the buildings and their Continuation sheet Recent research has also demonstrated a striking similarity between the Rial statement of the cultural framework of many black builders who utilized and date entered two-story brick houses historically preferred by German farmers in much of document the specific history of this example of the black house type makes size during the early 1950s.The interior is virtually unaltered with the it to the public for a museum that tells the story of the Randolph Slaves.An neighborhood environment in order to preserve an important part of Ohio's APPENDIX A YORK RIAL HOUSE Miami County, Ohio Rossville Bedroom Bath Kitchen down (east) Addition SECOND FLOOR (west) Living Room FIRST FLOOR Open front porch WASO Form - 177 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ("R" June 1984) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET Rial, York, House Fed.
Reg. Date: _ Date Due: - 8 /12/86 nomination by person or local government owner objection Federal Agency: - Lappeal J sample Drequest - NR decision .see continuation sheet Nomination returned for: - _ technical corrections cited below _substantive reasons discussed below 1. Name 2. Location 3. Classification 4. Owner of Property 5. Location of Legal Description 6. Representation in Existing Surveys 7. Description -excellent - unaltered L original site - moved summary paragraph ruins Category resubmission alterations/integrity dates Ownership Accessible yes Condition deteriorated REJECT Status completeness unexposed RETURN clarity Discipline boundary selection Miami County Substantive Review: fair Public Acquisition Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance Present Use Reviewer's comments: Working No. Has this property been determined eligible?
Check one 2 1986 ACCEPT Action: Histerio 8. Significance Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) -summary paragraph relating significance to the resource 9. Major Bibliographical References 10. Geographical Data 11. Form Prepared By State Historic Preservation Officer signature - Phone: - GPO 918-450 Comments for any item may be continued on an attached sheet Date Builder/Architect completeness Signed context state national title clarity local UTM References Maps 12.
State Historic Preservation Officer Certification Photographs Verbal boundary description and justification applicable criteria relationship of integrity to significance justification of exception Specific dates Questions concerning this nomination may be directed to Acreage of nominated property Quadrangle name The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: justification of areas checked Other Areas of Significance-Check and justify below Period Mary Ann Brown, 6/1984, WSU Photographer facing northeast Note second floor window trim York Rial House tion Day Facade of house at Museum Dedica- Piqua vic. Miami Co., Ohio Mary Ann Brown, 6/1984, WSU Photographer facing northeast York Rial House Facade of house with Helen Gilmore Piqua vic., Miami Co., Ohio Mary Ann Brow, 6/1984, WSU Rear of house showing some cf the east side Photographer facing southwest.
York Rial Houise Mary Ann Brown, 6/1984, WSU Photographer facing due west foundation Piqua vic., Miami Co, Ohio York Rial House West side of house showing stone Piqua vic., MiamiCo_ Mary Ann Brown, 6/1984, WSU Interior of east room showing a. martel (not original) and the stairca.se Fhotcgrapher facing west Ohio York Rial House Mary Ann Brown, 6/1984, WSU Interior of east downstairs room Unidentified girl in photo Photographer facing southwest showing stairs and portion of York Rial House front door to porch Mary Ann Brown, 6/1984 WSU Photographer facing northeast stairs to second level Interior of west downstairs room, showing doorway to addition and York Rial House Piqua vic., Miami Co. Ohio York Rial House, Piqua Vic., Miami County, OH Negative: Helen Gilmore being rebuilt.
View of house taken about 1952 when porch was Photographer: Helen Gilmore 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) 02 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PIQUA EAST QUADRANGLE UNITED STATES York Rial house N4007.5W8407.5/7.5 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PIQUA EAST, OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS OHIO 1o/735360/4448560 OCT 19 1984 MRS. ROBERT B. BRAVO 210 RIDGE AVENUE TROY.OHIO45373 1985 Velma Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43211 17 October 1984 SINCE 1885 Mr. David Simmons Dear Mr. Simmons: of cultural institutions to the black community, I gained considerable cc: Mrs. Helen Gilmore 614/466-1500 SOCIETY Sincerely, HISTORICAL National Afro-American Museum John E.Fleming Project Director support her nomination of the museum to be listed on the National Ohio Historic Preservation Office I had the opportunity in June of this year to serve as the main speaker Register of Historic places.
and Cultural Center Project the Helen Gilmores in local communities. House (Rossville Spring Creek Historical Museum) on the National a great deal of history would have been lost without the efforts of Ohio Historical Center I would like to support Mrs.Helen Gilmore's efforts to get the York Rial JEF/ks general and the black experience in particular.I therefore strongly for the museum opening.While sharing my thoughts on the importance knowledge about the Randolph settlement in Rossville.I believe that The history of the Randolph slaves is important to Ohio history in Ohio Historic Preservation Office 1985 Velma Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43211 SINCE 1885 June 27, 1986 Ms. Carol Shull, Chief National Park Service Department of the Interior 1100 L Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20240 Dear Carol : Enclosed is one new National Register nomination for the Rial, York, House, Sincerely W.
Ray Luce WRL: bp 614/466-1500 SOCIETY HISTORICAL Enclosures substantive review. National Register of Historic Places State Historic Preservation Office Please contact me if you have any questions. Piqua, vic., Miami County, Ohio. All of the proper notification procedures Camille Wells 1982 Editor PERSPECTIVES IN VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Vernacular Architecture Forum Annapolis, Maryland Paducah, Kentucky Vernacular Architecture Forum All rights reserved. Copyright 1982 by the Printed by Image Graphics -INTRODUCTION . . THE STANLEY-LAKE BARN IN TOPSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS: Robert Blair St. George DOMESTICITY AND THE FARM WOMAN: A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN IN AUGUSTA COUNTY, VIRGINIA 1850-1940 - Richard M. Candee Thomas W. Hanchett VERTICAL-LOG CONSTRUCTION IN NEWFOUNDLAND - SOME CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA EXAMPLES Stephen G. Del Sordo Dean E. Nelson OF THE CENTRAL IDAHO FRONTIER - - - Terrence W.
Epperson A STUDY OF THE BUILDING PROCESS . . 123 117 Carl Lounsbury Abstract Ann McCleary Camille Wells EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY GRIST MILLS: Mary Ann Brown SETTLEMENT PATTERNS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE: Thomas C. Hubka A PRELUDE TO ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IMPERMANENT CAMP ARCHITECTURE OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR THE FOUR SQUARE HOUSE TYPE IN THE UNITED STATES TABLE OF CONTENTS SOME COMMENTS ON AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS IN EARLY NEW ENGLAND "RIGHT NICE LITTLE HOUSE[S]": THE TILT: Shane O'Dea THE CONNECTED FARM BUILDINGS OF NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND NEW TOWNS OF THE EARLY NEW ENGLAND TEXTILE INDUSTRY STOVEWOOD CONSTRUCTION IN THE UPPER MIDWEST AND CANADA: A REGIONAL VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURAL TRADITION - - William H. Tishler THE CHESAPEAKE FARM BUILDINGS SURVEY JACOB W. HOLT: A VERNACULAR BUILDER? - Catherine W. Bishir WITH DENDROCHRONOLOGY . . . . . ... ..... Mark R. Edwards R. W.
Brunskill Bernard L. Herman ONE-ROOM SCHOOLS OF GALLATIN COUNTY, MONTANA - Gerald L. Pocius NOTES ON THE CONTRIBUTORS - 233 159 195 217 179 153 137 169 201 151 Kingston Heath Abstract Melanie Sovine Reid Elizabeth Cromley THE CITY POINT HEADQUARTERS CABIN OF ULYSSES S.GRANT ARCHITECTURE ON NEWFOUNDLAND'S SOUTHERN SHORE: Orlando Ridout V .125 A DYING HERITAGE: David Gerald Orr "NEITHER ADDING NOR TAKING AWAY": MODERNIZING,OR"YOU NEVER SEE A SCREEN DOOR ON AFFLUENT HOUSES" THE CARE AND KEEPING OF PRIMITIVE BAPTIST CHURCH HOUSES DELAWARE VERNACULAR: FOLK HOUSING IN THREE COUNTIES - DATING HISTORIC BUILDINGS IN LOWER SOUTHERN MARYLAND DIVERSITY AND THE EMERGENCE OF NEW WORLD FORMS foot rectangle with a one-story rear ell that serves as a kitchen.
Most have a three-bay facade of unevenly spaced door and window openings, but some have been altered so that the door is now located in the gable end steeply pitched roofs, distinguish them from the two-story brick houses munity remant" (fig. 1). asbestos shingles during the 1920s and 30s, or with white vinyl or alumin- a few are sheathed with standing-seam sheet metal, and one is covered with kitchens, or large stock barns are believed to have been constructed after cases, research has shown that the farm was in black ownership when the were built while black farmers owned the land, or if they were built by black carpenters. Most of the VBCR houses seem to have been built between settlers. sheriff's auction.
that the tax assessor usually recorded from conversations with the build- clouded by the many mortgages and the division of land into irregular counties of western Ohio where communities of free black farmers once The four farming communities were located in four adjacent counties All of the communities have examples of the house type.In some neighbors of German ancestry bought the forty-acre farms from the black An intriguing house type is found in clusters in four different concrete blocks (fig.5).The dwellings are typically sited along small lived.The house is a one-and-a-half-story frame structure that is two Mary Ann Brown height and sometimes small square windows set above the first-level open- inally built on foundations of stone piers which have been replaced with VANISHED BLACK RURAL COMMUNITIES IN WESTERN OHIO 1880 and1900,but itis difficult to determine exact construction dates of the house.A few have two front doors with windows flanking the and the T- or L-shaped farmhouses preferred by the Germans who live near country roads or at the end of short lanes of less than two hundred feet.
ing's owner.since these farms were often abandoned and later sold at double entrance, comprising a balanced four-bay facade. The long side The predictable size and scale of the houses, together with their each of the four black communities in the study area. Most have asphalt-shingle roofs, although house was constructed. It is not known, however, how many of the houses at under $100 and were not listed in the tax assessors' plat books or tax parcels. Moreover, there is a noticeable lack of miscellaneous data in west central Ohio. They were all north of the Greenville Treaty Line ings. Occasional summer There are few outbuildings surrounding the houses.
rooms across and one room deep.The form is usually a sixteen-by-thirty- century beveled wood or weatherboard siding.Some were covered with duplicates.The transfer of property ownership of black settlers is also of the buildings almost always faces the road.The facade has extra um siding in more recent years. Some have the late nineteenth- Almost all of the houses are white. In this essay, LAKE ERIE BIACK COMMUNITY fig. 2. Map of Ohio, showing the location of black settlements in relation to Reservation Indian MAP KEY Carthagena Rumley Virginia Military District Middle Creek Virgina Wren nineteenth-century geographic delineations and settlement patterns. (author) ERIE Columbus fig. 1. Map of Ohio, showing location of vanished black communities. (author) in Western Ohio * Vanished Black Communities CRA WFORD Map of northwestern Ohio, showing distribution of Indian reservations.
100 FULTON OTTAWA MERCER LAKE DEFIANCE DARKE Rumley MICHIGAN MILITARY HANCOCK Carthagena MORROW MARION SENECA ERIE LAND HARDIN Wren LUCAS PUTNAN WILLIAMS Middle Creek LOGAN (author) VAN WERT INORTHWESTERN OHIO - INDIAN RESERVATIONS fig. 3. ° scale ot miles HENRY WOOD VIRGINIA BANDUSKYL fig. 4. Map of northwestern Ohio show- T Antwerp 9Miller City Grover Hill us Ft Jennings St. Morys Bremen Fi.
Loramie Pefferson f Greenville Treaty Mendon Rockford WAPAKONETA Community Broughton OTTAWA West Port LIMA Center dale Venedocia Leipsic Burkettsville Jackson Lockington Pandora Loromie Haviland New PAULDING Lafayette Clover- Payne Scott Columbus Waynesfield Cridersville SIDNEY Buckland Vanished Black ing location of vanished black settle- VAN WERT Continental Willshire Line of 1795 Spencerville Lattyll O CELINA 23k Otto-y Midd'e Point Hes Rersville Uniopolis Melrose Bluffton Convoy Kalida Belmore Beaverdam Cairo Monte Oak- City Glandorf Botkins ville Elgin Harrod Gilboa Russio Loke Minster Fort zuma line to Fort Loramie in Shelby County, where it runs east and slightly (fig. 2). the village of Carthagena in 1840 (fig. 3).
A second community developed known yet today as a black town, represents the nucleus of this settle- and Wapakoneta on land around present-day Kettlersville, a small German smaller community was established by 1837 in Van Wert County, approxi- ment was the crossroads east of the hamlet of Wren and north of Schumm, ity, which was initiated about 1852, lay on the west side of the Miami- This settlement was just three miles above the line that was drawn by the In December of 1830, a black family, Mrs. Dorcas Moore and her eight children, presented papers of emancipation from Harrison County, Kentucky, It was in 1835 that Augustus Wattles, a white teacher and lecturer from Connecticut, bought 189 acres in Marion Township. He initiated a well equipped colony of blacks and established the St. Marys Manual Labor followed the military road to Loramie, St.
Marys, and crossed where today the waves of the Grand Reservoir billow from had traveled with his army on the way back from Fallen 102 tools and provisions for the coming winter.They traveled that runs east from Fort Recovery in Mercer County at the Ohio-Indiana The settlement in Mercer County was about ten miles south of Celina north until it reaches the western border of the Virginia Military Dis- Mercer County engineer's maps from 1842,which was several years before Ulrich Mueller wrote: Wattles set out from Cincinnati with about fifteen families village platted in 1873 after the black people had begun moving away.A Middle Creek differs from the other three settlements because a few de- and Grand Lake St.Marys at the intersection of State Route 127 and State Greenville Treaty of 1795 to separate Indian and white
A faint trail known as the Old Greensville Road still shows on the early but was not heavily settled until the Indians were removed in the 1830s dians had been removed from Wapakoneta in 1832, and a black man platted The black farmers lived about halfway between the towns of Sidney along the Auglaize Trail, used by Colonel Henry Bird as early as 1780 over Piqua where they entered their landtitles. Thence they mately two miles from the Indiana State Line. The center of this settle- scendents remain on the family farms today. shore to shore, toward Montezuma . . - it was the road Wayne ment. Timbers.
a German community.At this intersection was located an African Methodist north-south direction and parallels Interstate 75.The village of Rumley, Erie Canal in the southeast corner of Paulding County.It was situated sons, platted the village of Carthagena in 1840 just across the road from Wattles' school land, but most local historians assume that only a negro to the existence of the VBCR house type, there also occurs a peculiar barn one-and-a-half-story barn with a steeply pitched roof is covered with cases, shed additions on several sides connect with the edge of the low The interior has just enough room for a horse, and perhaps a cow, with of Carthagena measures approximately twenty-eight by thirty-two feet with An effort to locate black-owned or black-built properties was begun in the vicinity of Carthagena, where 1850 and 1860 census records show a have stores, mills, churches, and schools?
Unfortunately, descendants of village of Philothea in Granville Township, covering an area ten miles been reduced by half; and by 1900, the village of Carthagena encompassed Episcopal Church on Lot 10 had been donated by Charles Moore, the founder by John Hatfield, who had bought the farm north of the Wattles School in 1836. A frame church first appeared in the 1859 records, and a chapel 103 Tax-exempt buildings were listed in the ledgers, indicating that is set on stone piers and has a standing-seam sheet-metal roof.In some weathered vertical siding spaced uniformly for air circulation.It often founded.In the courthouse basement remained several old tax assessors' St.Marys to disappear into the lake's southeast corner. The earliest known record of land ownership was an Atlas Of Mercer people in county histories and documents is rare.
plat books with field notes for the years 1853 and 1859.Sketches of owned by blacks or mulattoes was marked on maps, revealing that they owned in northwest Ohio which was flooded with western European immigrants who over ten thousand acres of farmland in the community in 1859.The farms County published in 1888,over fifty years after the community had been the farmsteads combined with tax values for the land and the buildings most of the black community. standing on the George Washington Robinson farm less than one mile north with white arches over the doors. cemetery at the intersection of State Routes 127and 274 remains asevi- tobacco barn that was brought by settlers from the southern states.
stretched from a mile east of Carthagena to a mile west of the small an extended peak to the south side most likely is a type of the Miami-Erie Canal was completed, and a Greenville Road runs west from vague. It has been recorded that Charles Moore, one of Mrs. Dorcas Moore's limited hay loft space. Seldom are hand-hewn timbers used; more common is of the town. The African Methodist four black congregations once served this community. ina record that has been discarded by most county officials.The land The Wesleyan Church on Lot.56 appeared in 1853,but the 1and fig. 5. J. T. A. Bostwick house, Carthagena in Mercer Robinson barn, built about 1890 in Marion Town- ship, Mercer County, Ohio. G. W. Robinson, a black man who emigrated from Kentucky, owned this farm until 1919. 104 was a black school teacher and local postmaster.
(author) stood in a grove at the site until about 1934. The other Baptist church was across State Route 127 in Granville Township, just west of Marion built for black children, and one remains as a part of a golf-course club- attended the brick school at the fork in the road west of Carthagena in While other information about the black community can be gleaned from land records, census data, and interviews with former residents, the most of Mercer County in which black people owned substantial quantities of undertaken.S In Shelby County, on farmland one mile north of the Greenville Treaty Line and about fifteen miles east of Carthagena, there was a black com- of Virginia had part of his farm surveyed for lots, but the courthouse records show that Colonel Amos Evans bought the land, platted the town, The black farmers began moving away in 1875.
Today, few white resi- begin to leave the farmland? Research began with Shelby County tax assessors' plat books, avail- the surveyors mentioned the race of each land owner, maps were marked to amples of the VBCR house type were plotted onto similar maps (figs. 9 and sketch of the form, shown in an early county atlas, identifies it as a "tenant house" built in Shelby County by Shadrack Burton, a white settler in Salem Township, located to the south of Rumley. The tenant once stood. acres of lanu had been purchased in Mercer County, the manumitted slaves were not allowed to disembark at New Bremen, where the Miami-Erie Canal 105 1925.4 the vanished community once stretched north almost into Auglaize County diminished by l870 as significantly as had the Mercer County community.
that still stands along the Hardin-Wapak Road where the village of Rumley Philothea Road forks north from Carthagena Road.There were two schools Virginia slaves from John Randolph's Roanoke plantations who were freed The barn form is also found in the community.It is often sited Sources indicate that this black community in Shelby County had not alone near a cleared space at the end of a short lane where a dwelling This may be attributed in part to the absorption of some of the 386 form which was so modest that it has been overlooked in previous thematic was platted in 1837 (fig. 7). According to local lore, Joel Wesley Goings Based on these findings, more extensive study of the VBCR houses was and covered over seven thousand acres. The village of Rumley was near the they house.
dents can remember that black and white children attended one-room schools house is pictured in insets above the illustration of the main Burton able from 1846.For each year in which records were kept, and in which house ownedby the Elksof Mercer County.Both black and white students mains to represent the large black settlement that was indicated in the and sold the first lot to George Goings in 1838. come to this particular part of the state?Where were they from?Why did Township.Around 19o0,it stood near the triangle that is formed where Lewis Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church, twenty-year vacancy, the building is once again in use by a black congregation. (author) fig. 8. District 8 School, built in 1897 in Van Buren Iownship of Shelby County, Ohio.
(author) 106 Sidney and Piqua, they were assisted at various friendly stations in Shelby, Darke, and Miami counties, where descendants live today. A few is directly related to the development of the early trail that led plat book as exempted property in Section 13 of Van Buren Township. Located in Section 18 of Dinsmoor Township, about a mile and a half five miles northwest of Carthagena, in southwestern Van Wert County. It lies primarily in Willshire Township, but a few farms are in Liberty and blacks was limited to a rather solid block in sections 3, 4, 9, and 10, Baptists built their church in 1883, less than two miles southeast of the 107 Harrison townships.This settlement was near a very old trail that ran north of the St. Marys River and connected Anthony Wayne's forts at St.
there is speculation that some courageous individuals eventually joined There were three black congregations in the Shelby County settle- the Carthagena community. settlers who donated the ground for burying purposes. were selling their land and moving away. than a half-mile north of Rumley was the Wesleyan Methodist Church.Con- northeast of Rumley was the African Methodist Episcopal Church.Less Rumley was also a postroad.7 A.M.F.church was built by Reverend D.D.Lewis of Rumley;black farmers There were forty-three blacks and mulattoes listed in the 1850 census.
solidation of these congregations had already begun by the time the frame concerning the Educational Orphans Institute which was organized in 1853, but it is known that Augustus Wattles reported expenses for two journeys An early school was mentioned by Augustus Wattles in an 1837 letter to the land grant offices established in 183l and 1833 at Wapakoneta and to Van Wert in 1837,during a tour sponsored by the Ohio Anti-Slavery to the north is shown in Mitchell's"Tourist Packet Map"of 1835.9 VBCR house type found in this part of Willshire Township.
six smallparcelsof land owmed byblacks,according toa recent local with scattered farms insections 1l,12,and 14.It seems that about two sent to Oberlin Institute, requesting a teacher for the Shelby County The three schools once attended by black children are now One is located very near the Episcopal Church, founded in 1843, and the Second Baptist Church. The families are said to have become members of the Rumley community, and from the land grant office established in 1819 at Piqua in Miami County led to the land that was purchased by blacks as early as 1837. center's crossroads. During the 1930s, the building was moved to a nearby farm, where it was converted to a gambrel-roofed barn.
Details are few settlement.8 This thriving community once included the St.Marys African Methodist Another black farming community that has disappeared is just twenty- abandoned or converted into dwellings. The location of the black community and village in Shelby County met the plank road to Carthagena.Forced back down the canal toward the corners of forty-acre farms and they bear the names of the black His purpose was to lecture to the colored people and teach The number had increased to seventy-five by 1870.The farmland owned by C| BOTKINS T: 7 S. Shaded areas indicate land owned by blacks. (author) 108 Anna 'sville T.6 S AMST ERDAM T.8 S. 25A - COLLINS - old church? C church site black family 7t cemetery 109 Anna Botkins school McCartyville sville house type 35 Fish T. 7 S. B_ barn sites associated with the black settlement.
(author) mley distribution of VBCR houses and other structures and (219) SIT It. is not clear why these black people came here to settle. The served for this chief of the Miami nation according to the terms of the black farmers. 13 have moved from the area, often to the nearby cities of Van Wert and Lima. A number of biographies and photographs of the early black settlers lated by family ties, church denominations, ministers, teachers, and social doors in Section 27 of Paulding County, at the west bank of Dog Creek. This house resembles the VBCR form, although it has smaller overall pro- Another prominent individual of the community, Dr. D. C. Goings, was 110 portions. settlement.
Contemporary records show that about two hundred acres These accounts indicate that the four black farming communities were re- farming equipment were introduced in the area during this period and the they were in Mercer and Shelby counties.At least nineteen parcels of The black community of Paulding County in Washington Township is who established the settlement in Shelby County.Dr.Goings had settled Church and an adjacent cemetery.This site was formerly the center of the Quakers in Logan County.He came to Paulding County before 1869 to teach purchase of expensive machinery without a bank loan was difficult for presence of friendly non-white settlers on the reservation drew free Diagonally across the Middle Creek in Section 2l is the 1910 Zion Baptist birthplaces listed in the census records are so diverse that it isun- just east of the A.M.E.Church on Miles Nathaniel Mitchell's farm.
likely that they came as a group from one or two plantations as emanci- reported to have begun about 1852,with the arrival of the William Booker blacks to this part of Ohio. Virginia, North Carolina, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Ohin. deeded to Jean Baptiste Richardville, who was also known by his Indian This twelve-hundred-acre tract touched the St. Marys In this community, the farms were in black ownership much later than in sections 3, 9, 11, and 14 are owned primarily by the Young and Brown them on 1and here. 14 Sidney Booker, a mulatto from Kentucky, is listed in the 1860 census. His land appears in the atlases of 1878 and 1892 in Elias Dempsey, born in North Carolina, was educated by the in Section 7 by 1878, and his seven-acre farm surrounds an example of the VBCR house type.
It Elisha Underwood was born as a slave in Kentucky in 1857 and settled census, six different states are named as birthplaces. They include The land purchased by the black farmers lay next to a small reservation Treaty of St. Marys in 1818. When Richardville died in 1841, his land school. Reverend Lloyd Phillips, born in Kentucky in 1840, came to Pauld- events. born in the Rumley community in 1839.He was the son of Joel Welsey Goings, It is still ownedby the Goings family. Section 17of Washington Township.but by 1906 anew owner was recorded. farmland or about five hundred acres were owned by blacks in l9o0.Nine According to the many early photographs taken of children in front of one-room schools, the black pupils sometimes outnumbered the white students.
16 determine how many of these houses were built by blacks, since this county migration into the area often followed the railroad, which was constructed atlas of 1979 shows that about four hundred acres are still owned by however. to include the Middle Creek settlement with this study. In the last two northernmost settlements where no tax assessors' plat books have survived, it was necessary to rely on interviews with former Kish Hardman, provided a tour of all the farms that had been owned by blacks in the Van Wert settlement. Of the dozen farms visited, eight still from 1847 to 1942.
community, was interviewed at her home in Latty, a hamlet west of the farm- only if she remembered their first and last names, or if she knew an immed- for the repeated appearance of the VBCR form on the land of nineteenth- 111 recalled her former neighbors and relatives.The farms once owned by During the years that the other there were black pupils attending most of the other schools in the town- where railroad companies supplied housing to workers.
century black farmers.It does seem certain that some were built byblacks church that served this community was the Wayman African Methodist Epis- Named for those who donated the land,they were the Williams in the Van Wert community in 1884.Besides serving as a preacher at the patterned slate owned by the Girard M.Tate family The re were two schools constructed solely for black chil- The VBCR house type appears at least forty-five times in areas where The settlement in Paulding County is different in a number of ways three communities. In 1850, only one black was recorded jumped sharply to 230 in 1870. The black population doubled to a total Beatrice Goings, a seventy-four-year-old native of the Middle Creek iate relative. After five years of study, the questions remain.
Who built these Baptist church there he led services at the Middle Creek Baptist Church and at the Elm Grove Baptist Church, both located nearby. The third communities were diminishing, the Middle Creek community was grow- black black residents who still lived nearby.A seventy-two-year-old farmer, Among the sites that could be identified is the old Page had the one-and-a-half story house type.One of them, the house with the land previously owned by black settlers?There have been reasons offered School in Section 27and the Wilson School in Section 9.In addition, of 556 in 1880,and increased to 867 in 1890.By 1900,a decrease began; from the other Page house, Washington Township of Paulding 112 ments. four-bay double-door form characteristic of VBCR houses. (author) Van Wert County, Ohio.
This dwelling has the two-story associated with houses of the early black settle- fig.ll.Girard M.Tate house in Willshire Township of 'etail between 1875 and 1900, white people bought the property for a low price. multiple outbuildings and barns, the new owners might choose to put inex- farmers bought land and settled. Among the many Ohio histories, black settlers are usually treated with manumission and resettlement of southern slaves, tales of the underground railroad, and Quakers' benevolent work among blacks are all popular history The history of the free black and mulatto families who purchased land churches, schools, and homes in recently opened and newly surveyed frontier It may be true that the history that goes into books is shaped by what the public finds most acceptable, and the story of the black farmers and to the midwestern rural landscape.
113 white houses signal a distinctive part of local history.They stand as this plain rectangular house was a pattern used to teach construction VBCR house is significant because it helps distinguish where the free black They formed communities in the unsettled wilderness for different evidence of the contribution that black people made to Ohio's settlement Some houses have been built by white farmers in the areas.It is as their homes.The house may be a type popular in the South which was It has been theorized that this modestframe form was the fad of the time. skills to black students in schoolsof the South such as the Tuskegee Wattles in Ohio before 1850.21 Since the land was often unimproved, partially uncultivated, and lacking laborers who worked for low wages.22 However, blacks came to Ohio well before the turmoil of the Civil reasons the community was established.
has consequently been allowed to fade. Like cemetery markers, the small The lessons. reasons.Close examination of the buildings today can often reveal the familiar to blacks who came north to settle.It has been suggested that pensive houses on the additional acreage that adjointed their homestead possible that as blacks disappeared from the farmland in large numbers reference to the dramatic predicamelits they might have been escaping. Sometimes black men stayed with John Randolph willed that his 383 slaves be freed and given 3,200 acres horses, wagons food and money. was another matter. IN ROSSVILLE in Mercer County Collecting it LIVING FREE IMASAZINE Dayton Daily News - February 3, 1985 esid MAGAZINE Ralph A. Morrow, Editor Tim Fish, Staff Writer Ralph Huelsman, Adv. Don Reynolds, Art Director Melody Klontz, Adv. Prod.
Asave 20% and now, the Montgom- 58 men and women find In 1846, 383 for- that there is nothing free People, Et Cetera 4 Brolin in Charge Sheer Hues I376. Black, white, NEXT SUNDAY: Donahue in New York. oatmeal, soft navy, dove grey, cream smoke, ice lemon, ice periwinkle, cream rose or off white; S/M or M long/long. so that we had a Civil War flag with a hole where a Reg. 13, SALE 2.39 cannonball went through it hanging in our living room. - We had swords, scab- bards, rifles through- Reg. M, SALE 3.19 Ultra Sheer #367. Misty taupe, cream smoke, soft navy or ice pink; sizes S-M-L. Reg. 3.75, Light Support #368. Dove grey, against TV; it's that he is for reading." oatmeal, soft navy or wild rice; S-M-L. Reg. 4.75, SALE 3.79 So, Trudy became a voracious reader - and writer.
Tummy and Hip Control K369 White, wild rice, misty taupe, Heraldnine years ago and she is also a regular contribu- Petticoat Lace K335. Classic, tor to Ohio Magazine, Dayton Magazineand the Chris- feminine flowery sheer; white, XL Ample. Reg. 3.75, SALE 2.99 black, oatmeal or cream smoke; Artist Brush #392. Ultra Sheer SM-long. Reg. *5, SALE 3.99 Ice violet or cream smoke; S-M- S-M-long. Reg. 6, SALE 4.79 Silky Looks #327. Lycra® death in the early 1930s, Rial was the last living Randolph freed slave. His brother Issac was the great looks; cream smoke, white, ice cream smoke, off white, cream pink or ice lemon; S-M-long grandfather of Helen Gilmore, who is the moving force rose or soft navy; S/M or M behind the Rossville-Springcreek Historical Society. of a logical group coming to that area, but being turned alive, not letting it molder away in an attic somewhere. history comes honestly.
headed toward Mercer called the Poor ery County Home where Graceful floral stripes on sheer get you in step this spring Leg Looks by Burlington What they discovered is spandex sheers that shine in Her book reviews began appearing in The Journal away.And Helen Gilmore is trying to keep the story books. We were the 15 Crossword Puzzle with soft textured brush Trudy Krisher says her interest in reading and Her article on the freed slaves of Rossville, that about freedom. Just Trivia mer black slaves with fresh fashion colors rest and a home. tian Science Monitor County and a new life. last family on our block to have a television set.It wasn't that Dad's Star Lace Control Top #340. It has been cream coral, seafoam, lieves in reading three Rial brothers who settled at Rossville.Until his Fishnette #320. Sheer, soft (Whitley Butner) be- ice violet; sizes S-M-L.
Kate Lawson, Copy Editor Jim Rutledge, Photographer House, the Infirmary violet, ice green, ice pink, Ultra Sheer Control Top, #366 SALE 2.99 oatmeal, soft navy; S-M-L- On-today's cover is Jimmy Jeems Rial, one of the net; white, oatmeal or seafoam; long/long. Reg. 3.75, SALE 2.99 hotbed of abolitionist sentiment, yet, here is an example "It is agrippingstory," says Krisher. "The area was a TALK Designed to coordinate or contrast with your favorite out our house. Dad outfits for spring. Magazine, but it won't be her last. blood and memory of the 383 black slaves who settled there in Alex Haley traced one name, one family for Roots. family sections. My husband Isaac and I went to the city building and sat ourselves down and got records of for us, at $2 a hour, to get records of all the blacks who fied in Miami County.
We paid out of our own pocket for me Edward Moton, son of litigant Joseph Helen Gilmore wants to show history as it made their home Something about us. of John Randolph 383 former slaves the habit of retrieving things. was nothing free about freedom at nearby Rossville. by Trudy Krisher took her for a ride. efore he died, Helen Dehlia Russell Gilmore's daddy, B who dresed likea cowboy. fired up his old Buick and It was late summer and the cornstalks were yellow and the fields were green, but her Daddy was steaming and swearing. the cusswords a stream of emissions from his mouth like the veins; the solid stretches of the land itself pulsed and coursed: Prime land. Prime everything.
And every inch of it 'If all the black people in the state of Ohio got all the land their Southern masters promised them, they'down half "Us" were the villagers of Rossville, Ohio, descendants by 1846, emancipated by plantation owner John Randolph of - Roanoke, Virginia, nearly 20 years before the Emancipation women and boys and girls who came to learn one thing: There edged Bible from the mid-1800s. Inside it are recorded the No wonder he was mad. This was prime country. Our gas money.Our time.We stopped going out to eat. Here there are 383 slaves to trace.We took them by Rossville cemetery.It took one year.Then we had to zuma.Grand Lake St.Marys.Its creeks trickled across the Helen Dehlia Russell Gilmore holds in her hands a gold- Arteries that led straight to the heart. all the black people who had ever been buried in the black clouds of smoke blown out the Buick's exhaust.
pages of American history. Arrogant, brilliant, tormented compassionate, his was a truly "labyrinthine personality." peculiar institution but abhorred external meddling with it the slave trade... but where are the trophies of avarice? The Randolph never bought or sold slaves, no matter how press- The carrying out of his will, written in 1819 and rewritten in1821 and 1832,was delayed by family wrangling and debates over the question of Randolph's own sanity, but his intent was clear: "I give my slaves."he wrote, "their freedom. to which my conscience tells me they are justly entitled." cabin furntiure and cooking utensils, cornmeal and cured meat and potatoes, some cash money, and the leadership of a had loved John Randolph. He provided land for them themselves.
In a way, his love had freed them long Held in bondage for 13 years while the terms of Randolph's out from the plantation in Charlotte County, Virginia, in June of 1846. Some rode; others walked. They camped by the Lynchburg River, up the Natural Bridge; they crossed the Greenbrier River and Sewell Mountain, finally traveling by word that the blacks were coming, and as the canal boats whites, three resolutions in hand, had mobilized: vas, not as an airbrushed replica have settled here first, we have fully determined that Teacher, pupils at Rossville black school day. transportation contractor by the name of Cardwell. governmental attempts to interfere with it.He hated the oddest and most engaging figures ever to stride across the rather than sources of income.
Historian Russell Kirk called him "a radical man yet a opposition to the great political and economic powers of the But the white German settlers around New Bremen got and Erie Canal toward Mercer County. pulled up to the docks on a hot July afternoon in 1846.the handcuff, the manacle and the bloodstained before they were free. And he freed them when he died in1833. and food because he knew they could not take care of Not only their freedom.But a 3,200-acre parcel of land in John Randolph of Virginia was born in 1774,one of the ferocity and compassion, his duels, his beautiful letters. his fits of madness. his brandy and his opium, his passion- ate Christianity, his lonely plantation life, and his quixotic In his letters he wrote, "Avarice alone could have produced Mercer County, Ohio, some teams of horses, some wagons, roadside at night.
They traveled northwest, across the boat to Cincinnati and then northward via the new Miami Resolved, That we will not live among Negroes; as we political conservative," characterized by his "alternating will were debated, the caravan of 383 freed slaves finally set his blooded horses;he looked on them as adopted children ally opposed to slavery yet even more strongly opposed to ing his financial needs became;he allowed his slaves to ride in Mercer County My people never hated white people because they we will resist the settlement of blacks and mulat- toes in this county to the full extent of our means, the bayonet not excepted. Resolved, That the blacks of this county be, and they are hereby, respectfully requested to ourselves to remove them, 'peacefully if we can, forcibly if we must.' White settlers, armed with pitchforks and bayo- County line.
The freed slaves, who were coming to understand the thorny conditions of freedom, were One thing's for sure about Piqua: "If you 're down children out of barrels and staves, then warmed them- selves with the home brew steeping in 10-gallon crocks. One day a stranger came to town, gathered the chil- Ibert McKnight, whose parents were freed Ran- slaves, who brought building skills with them from fingernails and a cleft foot. After that, everybody went cravat and morning coat. He ran errands for the Elizabeth Rankins, who moved there after the Civil War and dressed in old flour sacks, claimed to have shook hands with Abraham Lincoln. Howard White Church Building was erected in 1869, the same year the tip. Ex officio, he marched at the head of all local the first grocery store opened.
Rossville's first black parades, a flower, freshly plucked from a bouquet at bridge into Piqua; nobody recognized Howard White the north edgeof Piqua in 1846 added nearly 20acresto as he had never been to church and never went without seen going to the former or going without the latter f the community never wholeheartedly prospered, itcertainly flourished. Especially in memory. Leg- Responsibility or Position, Attained Lasting so legs and arms wouldn'tshow. Eliza White came into fabric of the community.
Village myths, like quilts, the world quiet; the midwife had to bust her behind to But the Rossville villagers dreamed of prospering in make her cry and after that she yelled her head off for awakening the village every morning to the bluegrass and made fried chitlins, chicken feet and rice, and As long as you're black, you're gonna have to what you look like; and I don't care what you got on; I fight for whatever you want. don't care where you come from. All coons look alike to Legend has ita couple of ways. Oneof them says that a college student in Indiana with hopes of becoming a nal Randoiph slave who went by the nickname of Bud controversy and offered his help.
Another says that a like broomsticks, and they said that even though he when a stranger came up and asked, "Did you ever try was uneducated, he was smart enough to stay on the movies and swing from the wild grape vines on the way good side of white folks. Bud Shang had two weakness- happened to the $38,000in cash money or land prom- es: Fishing and corn whiskey. Whenhe finishedadrink | ised you through John Randolph's executor?" Accord. Marshalltown. Prominence. independent. fashion. other tiny communities like Hanktown and and meeting all the trains at the station.He directed Shadrach Meshach Abed-nego White was an origi- stranger all dressed up for church and crossing the But independent they became. After their own home and locked their doors.
treasures in heaven;they wanted to learn about stor- eventually unloaded in Miami County outside Piqua sewed extra swatches on her grandchildren's dresses washed away;fist fightsoverrightsto thoseremaining fished every day. One Sunday the villagers saw a always ensued. Off Route 25 were two tall oaks and weddings he met the new couple at the church door, more than memory. They knew about storing up dren together and told them about going up a moun- They hired themselves out as hands on neighboring A Rossville fellow served as a local alarm clock, ends were spun like threads and woven into the were handed down from one generation to the next. tain and meeting a tiny devil of a man with long escorting them to their carriage or car and pocketing and brought them soup -she says it's all true. massaging them into his bald spot.
Rossville father uses early wheelchair the cemetery and preferably a chrysanthemum, lawyer stumbled across records of the Mercer County Resolved, That we who are here assembled, We always heard that my people had been swapped fishing stories as they pulled on a pint.The house along Rush Creek had a plank:You walked to get your land back in Mercer County?Whatever children gathered rags and paper to sell to the junk- or permit them to have any grinding done at our knot of villagers was stoop-sitting in front of a house prune pie. While she cooked she sang,"I don't care the rest of her life.Aunt Ida Bell Rial was some cook beaten in Mercer County. One went blind and nets,escorted the Randolph slaves across the Mercer the original 25 through the MeFarland Addition. man; with the nickels they'd go see Tarzan at the Rossville's villagers wove legends of their own kind.
leave the county on or before the first day of Bud Shang as a slave had a longer name and out they'll help you;but don't come here Polly White's house in 1857and the African Baptist March 1847:and in the case of their neglector have sent upa special train to pay its respects;and the farms.They took the canal boat to adjacent villages, tucked in his lapel.When he died in1935,the whole ing up treasures on earth. and have a piece of prune pie.' -and in Sidney and Troy and West Milton and in me."Then she'd laugh real loud and say,"Come on in pledge ourselves not to employ or trade with any black or mulatto person, in any manner whatever, mills, after the first day of January next. another had brain damage, they said. Mary Mitchell's grandfather helped them off the boat in a local bar, he poured the last few drops on his head, doing odd jobs, picking up work as it came.
The freed A dolph slaves, was recognized by his plug hat, Virginia, helped construct many of the fine old home: white folks in Piqua, polishing the brass at the bank stonemason in Virginia, built one of Rossville's earli- traffic so well he went unimpeded by the police, and at public school opened in 1873, and eventually the reads: "In Memory of a Character Who, Without across it to get to the main road. When it rained, the creek rose, and all but a couple of planks would be Shang.
Stong as an ox, he was said to hoist railroad ties Frances Neville was extraordinarily modest and inscription on the tombstone in Forest Cemetery community founded as the Randolph Settlement on his fishing boots: That was the last time he was ever between them the Liar's Bench where Rossville men tunes played on his fiddle out by the dump.Every refusal to comply with this request, we pledge town turned out for his funeral;the B&O was said to home. In the winter.daddies made skis for their in the tiny village that came to be known as Rossville est houses in 1850.The first church was formed in ing to Dayton historian Frank Mathias, it began to Rossville. She has been, since 1979, President and National Register of Historic Places, and Helen Most Active Member of the Rossville Springcreek No money. But something else.
The York Rial house, which opened to the public in 1983, now bears the placard "Rossville Museum and cemetery was placed on the National Register. Every Cultural Center." It houses drums and shields and third Saturday in Juneis now Randolph Freedom Day and schoolbooks from the little red schoolhouse and an not fancy and Helen Gilmore has no plans to make it an airbrushed replica of history: This house ain't going to get any more fancier than what it is now because the She wants to landscape the cemetery, carve out a caseon, but there was bitterness. No lie. Even the Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined tables. headstones so worn the inscriptions are indecipher- children were bitter. This bitterness has been old sewing machine and some post cards and a few handed down to this day. years.
The Mercer County Court of Common Pleas spearheaded the effort that eventually included 27 Randolph slaves were never any more fancier than this." She might get the students from the Joint anything other than the free trip to Ohio." Hanktown; they say it was the strain and pres able. She struggled to enlighten the Springcreek Joseph Moton died ofa heart attack over in There was a lot of mistrust of whites in Ross- dawn on the Randolph freed slaves that"During the phoid fever. Their descendants carried the court Gilmore is getting used to garnering history's shutters and slap on some paint.But that's about it. Rial drank contaminated water and died of ty n October 19,the Rial house was listed on the ons. The music of water drifts over from the lake.
She And why not?I'ma Rial.The Rial family's dolph slaves from whom she's descended,"There's no Helen Dehlia Russell Gilmore stands with her arms 74 years since Randolph's death, no heir had received folded across her chest in the doorway of the York Rial house, built in 1850, one of the first houses erected in However it all began, everything ended in court. In 1907, nearly 170 of the remaining black heirs brought Historical Society, and she has learned, like the Ran- accolades on behalf of her people. The African Jackson Cemetery, first used in 1847, contains 134 plots, the cases, was appealed to the Ohio Supreme Courtand the United States Supreme Court, and dragged on for 10 Ohio's 21-year statuteof limitations barred the blacks' recovery. Two higher courts let the opinion stand. Outside the Rial House, the land slopes down into a ville after the court case. It all came to a bad end.
cucumbers, turnips and mustards, tomatoes and mel- sure of the court case. After the 1913 flood, York Clean it up, chop down trees, clear out the old houses. scenic trail along Zimmerman Road, set up picnic Vocational School, where she teaches, to shore up the Glamourous new pack! That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health. Deoble done turned to dust anyway." In 1980 the More Lights hollow.Tucked into the cleft are rows of cabbage and New captivating color! found in Joseph Moton et.al.v.Gerhard Kessensthat suit to recover the $38,000 in cash or land that Ran- cemetery stones, countering the attitude that "the 100s has grand plans.She wants to develop the entire area: Township trustees to the poor condition of the 13 Michael Jackson T-shirts and a lot of memories.It's money in history."
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