Nomination for Brick Tavern House

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior OCT | 3 1995 and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions.For.additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property The Tavern Stand, Lentz Tavern 2. Location street & number not for publication N/A city, town St. Clairsville X vicinity 3. Classification Ownership of Property X building(s) Noncontributing Xi public-State -public-Federal Structure .objects Name of related multiple property listing: 4. State/Federal Agency Certification National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.

State or Federal agency and bureau Signature of commenting or other official National Park Service Certification 1, hereby, certify that this property is: Zentered in the National Register. determined eligible for the National Register. See continuation sheet. determined not eligible for the removed from the National Register. other, (explain:) Signature of the Keeper 013 code site public-local county district Date Registration Form National Register of Historic Places state Total Belmont Ohio private Brick Tavern House historic name National Register other names/site number Number of Resources within Property Ohio Historic Preservation Office Number of contributing resources previously See continuation sheet.

Category of Property National Park Service zip code 43950 9-29-95- RECEIVED 413 listed in the National Register Signature of certifying official As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966,as amended,1 hereby certify that this 1330 Date of Action U.S. Highway 40, Richland Township Noncoptributing nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the 6. Function or Use DOMESTIC: hotel, inn COMMERCE/TRADE: restaurant,tavern. 7. Description foundation - walls - grocery Brick Architectural Classification roof See Attached. Current Functions (enter categories from instructions) Describe present and historic physical appearance.

Historic Functions (enter categories from instructions) (enter categories from instructions) other Materials (enter categories from instructions) Stone: sandstone See continuation sheet VACANT/not in use Metal: tin; Stone: slate Stone: sandstone Tintels & sinls MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY: Greek Revival NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OCT 1 4 1995 INTERAGENCY RESOURCES DIVISION Section number - Brick Tavern House, East Richland, Belmont County, Ohio The Brick Tavern House is located on a bluff overlooking a section of U.S. 40, or the Old National Road, near East Richland in Belmont County, Ohio. A curved gravel driveway leads to the house from U.S. 40 before making a semi-circular loop to the south of the the modern house from the old tavern house.

Due south of the Tavern is the Great Western School, built in 1870 on land donated by the owner of the Tavern at that time, Simon Lentz, and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Behind the tavern, to the northeast, is a large wooden and concrete block barn. A small wooden 40 was altered in the 1950s creating a steep incline to reach the Tavern from the road, are two modern ranch houses, a barn, and an early brick two-storied house. The massing and floor plan of the Brick Tavern House is reminiscent of those employed on provided protection from the elements while an outside stairway gave access to the probably used for access to the large public dining room. Ell wings and rear porch galleries Deed records indicate that as early as 1814 a building stood on this site, but not until a Tavern House is a two-storied, L-shaped building with Greek Revival elements.

It is constructed of Flemish bond brick laid three thicknesses thick. Its floorplan consists of five over five rooms with a central hall which was slightly altered in 1957 when the house was transformed into two rental apartments. Southern architectural influences are evident in the enclosed two-storied wooden veranda located in the rear ell of the building which shares a common roof with the second story. The five bay facade features a central entryway having sidelights and a transom with a gabled stoop and wide corner posts. According to cally on the facade.

The original porch was likely removed about 1957 when the house was divided into apartments, for at that time a brick chimney was added to the north of the central entry way on the facade to provide additional heat to the apartment on that Page Continuation Sheet (8-86) National Register of Historic Places and steep steps were constructed at that time.Across U.S.4O from the Tavern property arrangement with center stairhall.A first floor doorway on the side-gable wall was early nineteenth century inns and hostelries.A principal feature of the tavern was its full- upstairs bedrooms.The internal floor plan consists of a modified four-over-four room old photographs this is not the original porch;although a larger porch had existed histori- RECEIVED 413 deed transaction in 1831is the"brick tavern house"specifically mentioned.The Brick such as seen on the Brick Tavern House were also common features of these early inns.

storage building was constructed at the southeast corner of the house about 1920.U.s. house. The common driveway is also shared with a modern ranch house and garage (c. side of the house. 1980) located several yards to the rear, or southeast, of the tavern. Large trees conceal length porch, which is clearly apparent in the 1903 photo of the building. The lower porch NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Brick Tavern House, East Richland, Belmont County, Ohio Corbelling is evident on the facade of the house at the roof line. The gable ends have cornice returns, and it can be seen where small brackets once existed. The roof is low- pitched, and covered with a raised metal seam roof. A brick chimney is located at each Most of the windows in the building are 2/2 double hung sash type windows.

Most have which have flat brick arches as do the doors. There are no window or door openings on the rear (east) wall of the house. In A.D. McKelvey's Centennial History of Belmont County, Ohio, published in 1903, there is a photo entitled "Old Tavern on the National Road at Great Western" which is undoubt- veranda across the facade, similar to the two tiered veranda on the south side which still side of the house. This was probably shelter for the coaches and horses that stopped at the tavern. (Note: Copy of photo is attached). This shed no longer exists. Attached floor plans indicate the changes to the interior when the house was converted the placement of some of the doors off the original hallway.

A wall was added to separate the large dining room on the north side of the house into two separate rooms, but retaining the kitchen at the rear of the ell and its large fireplace and side cupboards. Closets were added in some rooms, and an additional bedroom was created upstairs. Bathrooms were also added, one for each apartment on the second floor. A central second floor doorway, likely leading to a veranda over the main entryway at one time, was replaced with a width of the house while another supports the rear ell of the house. 6" x 8" floor beams support the flooring beneath the entire house. To reach the basement, there is an interior stair from the south apartment or it can be approached from an exterior cellar trap door (this area has been damaged). above.

Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places exists.Paired brick chimneys can be seen in the photography on each gable end.An gable end and one in the rear"L"aswell as the chimney added to the facade discussed Section number 7 Page - 2 sandstone lintels and sills with the exception of windows in the rear wing of the house edly the Brick Tavern House. At the time of this photo, the building had a two tiered outstanding feature visible in the photo is a shed, two stories high, attached to the south into two apartments in 1957. These changes included adding a partition in the central (8-86) window. entry hallway so that each apartment had separate stairs to the second floor and changing NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Brick Tavern House, East Richland, Belmont County, Ohio The large wooden and concrete block barn to the rear (northeast of the house), partially built on a concrete slab, is considered non-contributing because of its alterations and Historic plantings, consisting of two cedar trees, a mature spruce, daylily beds and several old maples can be found on the north side of the house. Other maples, hydrangea bushes, Page (8-86) Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places and ginkgo trees are also located near the house. built circa 192O and showsno indication of alterations and is a contributing building. additions.The small wooden end gabled shed at the southeast corner of the house was Section number 7 Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

EX locally Applicable National Register Criteria Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) Areas of Significance (enter categories from instructions) Period of Significance 1831- 1920 statewide COMMERCE See Attached. unknown See continuation sheet Cultural Affiliation Significant Dates nationally Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties: Architect/Builder Significant Person State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Brick Tavern House, East Richland, Belmont County, Ohio The Brick Tavern House is significant under criterion A for its early commercial association such as grist mills and tollhouses, the roadside inn has suffered from obsolescence and ette Inn in Madison County (1837) and the Headley Inn in Muskingum County (1833) are the only inns on the National Road listed in the National Register. Located between St. Clairsville and Morristown, the first two major Ohio stops on the National Road (U.S. 40), the Brick Tavern House was used as a stop for travelers.

little documentation exists to indicate which buildings were actually utilized for this purpose in eastern Ohio with the exception of the Brick Tavern House specifically men- The National Road (also referred to as the Cumberland Road, the National Pike, the Old Pike, or after 1926 as U.S. 40) began in Cumberland, Maryland in 1811 and reached Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia) in 1818.It was the first federally mandated, served as a means of opening the new State of Ohio and the Northwest Territory to settlement as well as a means of shipping goods from the western lands to the lucrative eastern markets. Funding was delayed to continue the National Road, but in 1825 construction began for the road to cross Ohio and Indiana. It was completed to Vandalia, Illinois in 1840 where it ended.

A new mode of transportation, the railroads, faster and more efficient, rapidly replaced the National Road and made it obsolete. (The popularity of the automobile in the 1920s caused a rebirth of the National Road, updated for cars and renamed U.S. 40 in 1926, as people began to see our country from their personal autos. The Interstate highway system and faster cars caused the decline of this use of the National Road in the 1960s and 1970s.) The Brick Tavern House is built on a site that is known to have had a building on it as early as 1814. Not until deed records mentioned a "brick tavern house" in 1831 can it be ascertained that this building was on this site and being used as a tavern along the (8-86) Continuation Sheet the National Road.

National Register of Historic Places building type.Described by one architectural historian asa manifestation of thearchitec- with the National Road and as a representative example of a distinctive nineteenth century neglect.Today the Brick Tavern House is one of a handful known taverns still standing on the National Road. Of these, The Pennsylvania House in Clark County (1822),the Lafay- teamsters traveling the National Road.'Unfortunately, like many historic building types financed and maintained road in the United States(established by Congress in 1806).It Section number 8 Although literature indicates that taverns and inns were as frequent as two miles apart, ' Charles M. Stotz, The Early Architecture of Western Pennsy/vania (New York: Wm. Helburn, Inc., 1936). tioned as such in an 1831 deed.

A cursory search of Ohio Historic Inventory forms did not Page ture of transportation,"the early tavern catered to the needs of stagecoach passengers and provide information about any other taverns or inns in Belmont County used as stops on NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Brick Tavern House, East Richland, Belmont County, Ohio about one mile further, and still another beyond that before reaching the small village of tavern. Since Lloydsville and East Richland were two villages between St. Clairsville and Morristown, one of the above mentioned taverns is likely the Brick Tavern House. Research suggests the Tavern House was built ca. 1828 by Samuel Robinson, an early resident of Belmont County.

This date would seem to be a propitious one, given the fact construction for the National Road in Belmont County had begun in 1827 and 1828. Tax duplicate records show that in 1828 Richland Township had 21 brick houses, most of ton County, Pennsylvania. Tax records indicate Mary Sturgeon owned the property during the late 1830s. In 1855 Simon Lentz, born in Bavaria in 1824, operated the inn as a hotel House is noted on the 1886 county atlas as being owned by the heirs of S.P. Lentz. In Centennial History of Belmont County, Ohio, published in 1903, author A.T. McKelvey coaches stopped, also known as stage houses, along the Road.

He makes specific mention of certain taverns, and includes a photograph of "The Old Tavern on the National Road at Great Western."There is no doubt that this is the Brick Tavern House as it appeared at the open shed on the south side, probably where coaches and the horses were given shelter at The Brick Tavern House, although somewhat altered from its appearance when it operated centuries, remains significant as an example of the type of building that provided shelter and food to travelers. National Register of Historic Places the tavern. Continuation Sheet (8-86) discussed the National Road crossing Belmont County.Hementioned taverns where stage for one year before turning his attention to the grocery business and farming.The Tavern about one mile from St.

Clairsville used as a tavern.Mention is made of another tavern Lloydsville (referred to as"Sloysville"in Mr.Seabright's text),which had at least one National Road.In Thomas B.Seabright's The Old Pike mention is made of stops between turn of the 2oth century, complete with two tiered veranda on the facade and a large, Section number - St. Clairsville and Morristown, including a "fine brick building" on the north side of the road them valued at $400.00. Of the four brick houses valued at $700.00, one of them was the commercial function as well.

In 1832 "a Brick House and other buildings," along with 22 acres, were conveyed by William and Henrietta Richardson to Samuel Caldwell of Washing- as a tavern stop along the stage coach travelled National Road in the 19th and early 20th Page Belmont County Probate Court Journals, various Belmont County Deed Records, various 1820, 1830, 1860 census records, Belmont County Caldwell, J.A., History of Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Wheeling, Historical Publishing Co., 1880 McKelvey, A.T., Centennial History of Belmont County, Chicago, Biographical Publishing Co., 1903 Seabright, Thomas B., The Old Pike, Orange, Va., Green Tree Press, 1971 Galbreath, Charles B., History of Ohio, Vol. I, New York and Chicago, American Historical Society, Inc., 1925 Belmont County Inventory Records, Book U, p. 63, 1881 Ohio Historic Inventory Forms Ohio Historical Society.

Belmont County Auditor's Records, Richland Township, 1826-1836. Stotz, Charles M. The Early Architecture of Western Pennsy/vania. New York: Wm. Helburn, Inc. 1936. - See continuation sheet Previous documentation on file (NPS): N/A preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) Primary location of additional data: has been requested XState historic preservation office previously listed in the National Register Other State agency previously determined eligible by the National Register recorded by Historic American Buildings Ohio University Survey # Record #.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Geographical Data Verbal Boundary Description parallel to south and east. The boundary included the tavern and surviving outbuildings that have historically been 11. Form Prepared By organization _ - telephone city or town - - state - zip code _45701 date OHPO Other Chio Zone Local government UTM References Specify repository: Federal agency Boundary Justification designated a National Historic Landmark recorded by Historic American Engineering 9.Major Bibliographical References The Tavern Stand is situated on an area approximately 2500 feet square,48 feet east-west part of the Tavern STand and maintain historic integrety.

by 49 feet north-south.The southern boundary begins at the north side of US Highway 40, Zone Easting - Northing Lu Acreage of property less than one acte follows parallel to it to join the eastern boundary abutting the property listed on the and Peg Dankworth, St. Clairsville, Ohio) street & number - Athens, Regional Coordinitor National Register as the Great Western Schoolhouse.North and west boundaries are 1510114,60] APS Form 10.900-a date entered Item number PHoros Photo 1 of 6 2. St. Clairsville, Ohio 3. M. A. Peters 4. October, 1990 6. Vine covered West side of house, taken from West. 6. Facade, detail of entry way, photo taken from SW East view of house, taken with camera facing West Expires Continuation sheet SEOHPO 10-31-87 NOTE: Although the photographs are more than two years old, they still convey Tavern Stand, U.S.

Highway 40, Richland Township, Belmont County Page National Register of Historic Places the significance of the property. Inventory-Nomination Form National Park Service received Photo taken from East showing East side of house and street scape along U.S.40 Facade, facing South, taken from U.S. 40 (camera facing NE) United States Department of the Interior OMB No. 1024-0018 Continuation Sheet, Photographs, The Tavern Stand, Belmont County North side of shed),taken with camera facing South (3-82) OLD TATERX ON THE NATIONAL ROAD AT GREAT WESTERN. Brick Tavern House, Belmont County, Ohio NATIONAL ROAD TAVERN - OHIO UNIV. BELMONT CAMPUS _DEAN.-JAMES W. NEwTON ====== EXIST. TARTITTONS NOT ORIGINAL _EUST. ORIGINAL PARTITIONS 2034 DeVOLT OLS DOOR LOCATION - EIRSZ ELOOR PLAN: OHIO UNIV. BELMONZ CAMPUS DEAN - JAMES W. NEWTON 2034 DeVOLT ROBERT -SECOND ELO0R PLAN: OHIO UNIV.

BELMONT CAMPUS DEAN - JAMES W. NEWTON - NATIONAL ROAD TAVERN : Belmont County, Ohio C.1980 House ST. CLAIKSVILLE Brick Tavern House C.1955 BRICK SHED C.197 RAN Housc GRAVE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF 45TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: NOMINATOR: STATE N PDIL: N PERIOD: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: N COMMENT WAIVER: N V ACCEPT ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS : DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N TELEPHONE DATE REJECT DISCIPLINE RETURN 11/27/95 11/09/95 MULTIPLE REVIEWER 10/13/95 RECOM./CRITERIA OTHER: National Register Entered in the NAME: DATE RECEIVED: STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Belmont LESS THAN 50 YEARS: N REASONS FOR REVIEW: - BRICK TAUERN'HOUSE BELMONT CtY OH BRICK BELMONT CTY, OH.

Brick Tavern House 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ST. CLAIRSVILLE QUADRANGLE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ST. CLAIRSVILLE, OHIO Ohio STATE OF OHIO OH.43950 OHIO-BELMONT CO UTM ref: UNITED STATES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Mapped, edited, and published by the Geological Survey DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TAVERN STAND