Middleton Place Culvert, 4300 Ashley River Road, Knightsville

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER SC-46. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Ashley River Road, Knightsville vicinity, Dorchester County, South Carolina. Middleton Place (HABS No. is situated about ten miles southeast of Summerville, South Carolina in Dorchester County on SC 61. It is about fifteen miles northwest of Charleston on the west (or south) bank of the Ashley River. Located east of the Middleton Place mill, the underground culvert runs approximately 96 underground in a southwest/northeast direction between the mill pond on the southern end and an inlet of the Ashley River on the northern end.1 The Middleton Place Culvert is located at latitude longitude The coordinate represents the intake opening. It was obtained in January by Christopher Marston. The location has no restriction on its release to the public.

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER SC-46. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Built in several phases during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Middleton Place was the primary residence for several generations of the Middleton family, many of whom played prominent roles in the colonial and antebellum history of South Carolina and the United States. Designated a National Historic Landmark in Middleton Place is also nationally significant as home to the oldest landscaped gardens in the United States and includes specific features such as America s oldest and largest camellias, terraced gardens, unpaved pathways, and ponds. The ca. rice mill and adjoining culvert are contributing resources to the estate, reflecting the changes which occurred in response to the adaptive pressure of commercial rice agriculture.

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER SC-46. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The documentation of the Middleton Place Culvert was undertaken in by the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) of the Heritage Documentation Programs division of the National Park Service Scott Keyes, Chief. Funded by the Emergency Supplemental Historic Preservation grant program (Grant# P19AP00015 / the project was sponsored by the Interior Region 2 (IR2), Cassius Cash, Acting Regional Director; and by the State, Tribal, Local, Plans and Grants Division, Megan Brown, Chief. Project planning was coordinated by Taylor Pearlstein, Brad Sauls, South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (SC SHPO); and Tracey Todd, Executive Director, Middleton Place Foundation. 1 Gray Lewis, Old Mill Outfall Structure Improvements Middleton Place Plantation (Project No.

Forsberg Engineering and Surveying, Inc., MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 2) The fieldwork and the measured drawings were produced under the direction of Christopher H. Marston, HAER Architect, who along with Todd Croteau and Jason McNatt, HDP Architects, completed the laser scanning fieldwork. Jason McNatt completed the measured drawings and Todd Croteau produced the large-format photographs. The historical report was written by Ellen Rankin, IR2 Historian. Jeff Neale, Director of Preservation and Interpretation at Middleton Place Foundation, assisted with the project. PART I. HISTORICAL INFORMATION A. Physical History: 1. Dates of construction: ca. nineteenth century (brick), early/mid-twentieth century (concrete). 2. Engineer: Unknown. 3.

Builder: Williams Middleton, enslaved labor.2 4. Original plans and construction: Not available. 5. Alterations and additions: Physical inspection in by the NPS indicates that the culvert was originally constructed with brick and rubble infill. The culvert has been repaired numerous times during the twentieth century and sections have been replaced with concrete. The only visible section (at ground level) appears to have been constructed of early/mid- twentieth century concrete. B. Historical Context: Middleton Place: The future site of Middleton Place was included in a 764-acre grant issued to Jacob Waight in The three-story, central block of the main house was built ca. by Richard Godfrey, a cousin of Mary Baker who was John Williams wife.

The house and the surrounding property were later acquired by John Williams whose daughter Mary would wed Henry Middleton in In Henry Middleton enlarged the residence with the addition of two two- story brick flankers north (library and conservatory) and south (gentleman s guest wing) of the central block. In February during the Civil War, the US Army looted the plantation and burned the main house, the two dependencies, the stable, the barn, and some enslaved quarters. Other enslaved quarters located on the hill south of the mill pond, however, were not disturbed.

In Williams Middleton, the great-grandson of the first Henry Middleton, replaced the roof on the south flanker building, which was the least damaged, and converted it into his primary 2 Though no enslaved population totals exist for the year the mill was built (ca.1851), at the time of Williams brother, the second Henry Middleton s death in the family owned 662 enslaved people throughout the twenty real estate holdings. Barbara Doyle, Mary Edna Sullivan, and Tracy Todd, Beyond the Fields: Slavery at Middleton Place (Charleston: University of South Carolina Press; First Edition, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 3) residence. In a great earthquake toppled the walls of the central block and north flanker and further damaged the gardens which were already in disrepair.

From the late nineteenth through the early twentieth century, much of the property lay neglected and overgrown. In Pringle Smith, a descendant of Henry Middleton, inherited the plantation, but it was only after the death of his father, Henry Augustus Middleton Smith, in that funds were available to begin the restoration.3 The property s location along the Ashley River made it ideal for growing rice, in particular Carolina Gold rice, which made many Lowcountry planters quite wealthy. This fertile soil was hospitable for formal gardens and Henry Middleton began work on the gardens upon completion of the house in employing an English gardener named George Newman.

Middleton and Newman extended a main axis centered on the main block of the house, expressed as a gravel carriageway leading through the grassy lawn to the first of six shaped turf terraces with bowed centers. At the level of the river a pair of lakes (the "Butterfly Lakes") were excavated on either side of a turf causeway prolonging the axis. Over time, the Butterfly Lakes were flanked by more water, a stream was dammed to the west to form the long narrow Rice Mill Pond ca. and a levee extended to the east to enclose floodable rice fields.4 The Middletons were not only wealthy landowners and enslavers, but also politically influential. Henry Middleton served as a representative of South Carolina to the first Continental Congress of and was elected its second president.

Following the death of his wife, Mary, in Henry retired to his birthplace, The Oaks plantation in nearby Goose Creek.5 His son, Arthur Middleton then acquired Middleton Place in Arthur was also greatly motivated by politics; he was affiliated with groups such as Charleston s Sons of Liberty and in he succeeded his father as president of the Continental Congress and subsequently signed the Declaration of Independence.

After serving in the Revolutionary War, he died on January 1, leaving the estate to his eldest son, Henry.6 The second Henry Middleton continued in his family s history of political leadership, serving as governor of South Carolina from through He was elected to the United States Congress from and served as the diplomat to Russia from until A horticulturalist like his grandfather, he was great friends with the French botanist Andre Michaux, who was responsible for introducing non-native species to the Lowcountry, such as crape myrtles and mimosa trees, and had first introduced camellias to the United States at Middleton Place gardens in Following the death of Henry Middleton in the estate was inherited by Henry s son, 3 Charles Duell, Middleton Place: A Phoenix Still Rising (Charleston: Middleton Place Foundation, Langdon Cheves, Middleton of South Carolina, The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine vol.

1, no.3 (July Kenneth E. Lewis and Helen W. Haskell, The Middleton Place Privy: A Study of Discard Behavior and the Archeological Record (Research Manuscript Series University of South Carolina, 4 Charles W. Snell, Middleton Place Gardens, National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Section 8. 5 Lewis and Haskell, The Middleton Place Privy, 6 Snell, Middleton Place Gardens, Section 8. 7 Middleton Place, SC Picture Project, accessed August 25, county/middleton-place.html. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 4) Williams. Williams Middleton was more interested in agriculture than politics (although he did sign the Ordinance of Secession) and focused on cultivating rice at Middleton Place.

He is responsible for building the mill in to aid in rice production. Prior to this time- saving addition for the processing of rice, enslaved workers manually performed the laborious tasks of preparing the product for shipment.8 Middleton Place fell into the ownership of Williams Middleton s daughter, Elizabeth (Lilly), following his death in Upon her death, Lilly left the estate to her cousin, Pringle Smith Smith and his wife, Heningham, restored the property in the and opened the gardens to the public.9 In the Middleton Place was left to the Smiths grandson, Charles Duell (b.

Duell established the Middleton Place Foundation in to ensure the protection of the property, which was designated a National Historic Landmark in Middleton Place Mill: When rice was introduced to the area as a commercial crop in the late seventeenth century, preparing the harvested grain for market was an extremely arduous chore manually performed by enslaved labor. Around Jonathan Lucas, an English settler in the Lowcountry, built a water- powered pounding mill for a planter on the Santee River.

It was immediately hailed for the improvement it promised, and other planters were quick to avail themselves of this new rice- pounding system.10 In February Arthur Middleton s widow, Mary Izard Middleton, ordered two mills built at Hobonny, one of the family s rice plantations on the Combahee River. Their Combahee rice lands continued to be the source of the Middletons income, but after his father s death in Williams Middleton began more intensive planting at Middleton Place and built a mill in to be operated by the tides of the Ashley River and driven by a water-driven turbine wheel.11 On December 15, he wrote to his sister Eliza in Philadelphia, I can tell you that I am devoting myself to the completion of my mill and the adjoining bridge.

12 On March of the following year, Williams s brother John wrote to him, I hope your mill will answer your expectations, and turn to profitable acc t. 13 In Richard Yeadon of the Charleston Daily Courier wrote [Williams Middleton] has also erected a neat corn and cotton mill, worked by tide water, which is a great acquisition to the place, and convenience to the neighborhood. 14 It has also served as both a functioning outbuilding and an architectural embellishment to the gardens. The mill pond, dammed at about the same time, was originally a creek flowing into the Ashley River and defined the southern border of the original garden. It is very likely that the underground culvert was constructed concurrently to direct overflow from the mill pond to the Ashley River.

8 Michael Trinkley, A Brief Examination of the Middleton Place Mill, Middleton Place Plantation Phase One (Columbia, SC: Chicora Foundation, Inc., 6. 9 Lewis and Haskell, The Middleton Place Privy, 10 Barbara Doyle, Delighted with the Mill , The Rice Paper (April 23. 11 Ibid, 23. 12 Williams Middleton to Eliza Middleton Fisher (Brother to Sister), 15 December Box 5, Folder 3, Middleton Place Archives. 13 John Middleton to Williams Middleton (Brother to Brother), 22 March Box 5, Folder 9, Middleton Place Archives. 14 Richard Yeadon, Editorial Correspondence, The Charleston Daily Courier, April 21, 1. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 5) Culverts are small structures that have been used for drainage for hundreds of years by carrying streams and other water under roadways/pathways.

A box culvert, such as the Middleton Place Culvert, is generally a four-sided drainage structure with a square or rectangular opening. Early culverts were originally constructed with hand cut stone, the blocks were stacked without mortar or concrete and often rubble is used for chinking. Due to the compression from the earthen surround, earlier culverts often needed to be rebuilt or strengthened over time. Concrete came into use for this purpose around The Middleton Place Culvert is believed to have been originally constructed of brick. A concrete floor and ceiling were added to the entire structure, while 80% of the original walls were replaced or extended with concrete, sometime in the early/mid-twentieth century, to an outfall that extends out into the Ashley River.

There is evidence that the mill building was in need of repair after the Civil War, although the extent of the damage is unknown.16 By the the structure had deteriorated to the point that rebuilding was necessary, and this represents the first documentary evidence of a major rebuild including raising the height and altering the roof lines. An undated, pre-1883, draft contract written by Williams Middleton states: The undersigned hereby agrees and undertakes to rebuild and reestablish the brick mill at the foot of the terraces of Mr.

Middleton s garden in complete and workmanlike style in finish and solidity in pretty much the same form as it was originally (i.e.) with stair case, doors and windows as before, but changing the roof to a mansard roof shingled and adding two courses of bricks to the height of the walls and adding a trimmer for the joists of the lower floor, the whole of the above work to be finished in [blank] weeks from the present date. Mr. Middleton on the other side hereby binds himself upon the fulfillment of the above conditions to pay to the undersigned 2nd part of this agreement duly performed the full and just sum .

17 Likely damaged after the earthquake, the extent any type of the repairs is unknown, although it is shown in good condition by the early suggesting the building underwent a second major rebuild prior to this time."18 The building and landscape went through alterations in the and beginning in the 15 James Lowrey, Historic Stone and Pipe Culverts, Birmingham Mineral Railroad Signs Project, accessed August 25, 16 Per a March 10, letter from Williams Middleton to his sister Eliza Middleton Fisher: I have had two negro houses rebuilt, and am endeavoring to put a roof on the walls of the mill, as I must have some shelter for my crop when it comes in. Williams Middleton to Eliza Middleton Fisher (Brother to Sister), 15 December Box 8, Folder 9, Middleton Place Archives.

17 (Box 26, Folder 6, Middleton Place Archives). In addition, in a letter dated 10 February Lily Middleton Heyward writes that the raceway [culvert?] at the mill ought to be repaired as soon as we can manage it .If the wall falls in, we could not cross the creek to Ashley Hill. This may refer to the existing culvert or possibly to the spillway on the north side of the mill that powered the turbine. Lille Middleton to Hal Middleton (Sister to Brother), 10 February Box 28, Folder 1A, Middleton Place Archives. 18 Trinkley, A Brief Examination of the Middleton Place Mill, 8. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 6) Junior League ran a seasonal tea room in the old rice mill on Butterfly Lake.

19 It seems likely that the Smiths, or the Junior League, spent considerable effort on the rehabilitation; earthquake rods were installed, windows replaced shuttered openings, fanlight transoms were added to the dormers, and the concrete floor was laid, replacing an earlier wooden floor. The tea room operated at the former mill until and by the mill was converted into a museum space and the interior was adapted to resemble a pioneer house with a spinning wheel and musket over the fireplace. 20 By the the culvert could no longer handle the extraordinary amounts of water being produced by the more frequent major weather events experienced in the Lowcountry.

Rain and storm surge from Hurricane Irma in caused water, which normally would have been diverted through the culvert, to flow over the top of the earthen dam and pour into the mill. It was determined that in order to protect the mill from another major flooding event, the culvert needed to be replaced. Funded by an NPS Emergency Supplemental Historic Preservation Grant, the replacement project was completed in February The historic brick wingwalls at the intake were kept intact, and a 5' x concrete junction box was inserted behind the original intake opening, which accommodates a 24" inlet pipe and a new weir adjacent to the flume.

The new concrete box culvert has a larger opening for its entire 96' length below ground so more water can be released from the mill pond during severe weather.21 PART II. STRUCTURAL/DESIGN INFORMATION A. General Statement: The Middleton Place Culvert is a box culvert with multiple layers of building materials including brick and concrete. In a remote-control rover with an attached camera detailed large cracks from tree roots and failing cement sections due to deterioration over time.22 B. Description: The Middleton Place Culvert is located on the grounds of Middleton Place, South Carolina.

Located just east of the Middleton Place Mill, the underground culvert runs in a southwest/northeast direction between the mill pond on the southern end and an inlet of the Ashley River on the northern end. The following is a description of the historic culvert prior to its replacement in February The underground culvert has an overall structure length of from the intake to the outfall in the Ashley River.

The intake opening is tall by " wide, sitting below a brick 19 Society Editor, Tea Room on Butterfly Lake at Old Mill in Gardens, The Greenville News, March 16, Section 20 Trinkley, A Brief Examination of the Middleton Place Mill, 21 Lewis, Old Mill Outfall Structure Improvements Middleton Place Plantation ; Tracy Todd, Middleton Place Historic Mill Stabilization and Resiliency Project (Hurricane Irma Emergency Supplemental Historic Preservation Grant Application, Grant# P19AP00015 / Middleton Place Foundation, 22 Ibid. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 7) header. The entrance portal at the mill pond has a curved brick wingwall with concrete coping. There are two slots for plywood flashboard gates to hold back the flow, the first is away from the portal.

The second gate is further back into the mill pond. The open-air sluice opening is tall at the first gate, and ramps down to tall at the portal where the culvert starts. There is a concrete flume overflow channel which diverts water away from the culvert to the south during high tide, measuring " wide at the culvert entrance, is approximately 7'- 0" long and widens to at the apron. Two concrete blocks step down to direct the water underground. The interior of the culvert is composed of 8"-thick brick walls with a concrete floor and ceiling. About 22' from the intake, the culvert transitions to all concrete, which carries the structure another to its outfall into the Ashley River.

The culvert s interior dimensions at the outfall are approximately tall and wide at the top and wide at the bottom, due to the south wall s cracking and deflection. The exterior of the concrete culvert is approximately wide at the top of the outfall, due to spreading caused by the crack. The concrete walls range from wide. C. Site Information: The mill and culvert are located in the southwestern area of the Middleton Place property and is situated on a relatively flat terrace at the edge of the marsh overlooking the Ashley River. A tidal pond has been created to the southwest to feed into the raceway, while a more natural, spring fed water source is found lo the south. To the west are the "butterfly" ponds and garden area of Middleton Place.

The mill pond empties into a tidal slough by way of the underground culvert. While originally the pond at the end of this slough would have been filled at high tide, only to be emptied at low tide for operation of the mill, it is today stable, the tidal action being stopped at the spillway. Near the mill are a variety of bottomland hardwoods, such as oak, gum, and cypress. In the more upland areas are primarily pines and sweetgums. The marsh slough is dominated by salt-tolerant grasses, while the freshwater ponds have a very different vegetation pattern. Most of the public area, however, is heavily manicured with dirt paths and the original eighteenth and early nineteenth century landscape is intermixed with the extensive restoration efforts of the early twentieth century.

Beginning with Mr. and Pringle Smith, who moved to the property in the restoration of the gardens began with clearing out vines and scores of overgrowth, followed by extensive pruning of camellias, azaleas, and myriad other varieties of shrubs and trees. Fortunately, the structure of the garden was so well established that the original groundwork the allees, the brick-lined paths, the outlines of garden rooms, the geometric patterns were still intact and discernable once the overgrowth was removed.

In addition, documents found in the house (i.e., south flanker) included Henry Middleton s original garden list of plants, shrubs, and trees and other documents included descriptions of the garden rooms, water features, and other garden elements.23 23 Virginia Beech, American Landmark: Charles Duell and the Rebirth of Middleton Place (Charleston: Evening Post Books, Henry Middleton s Plant Listings, Middleton Place Archives, Box 1, Folders 5 and 6A. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 8) Part III. Sources of Information A. Architectural Drawings: Drawing of the Mill, Charleston News and Courier. February 26, Lewis, Gray M. Old Mill Outfall Structure Improvements, Middleton Place Plantation. Project No. Forsberg Engineering and Surveying, Inc., B.

Early Views: Johnston, Frances Benjamin, photographer. Middleton Place, Ashley River vic., Dorchester County, South Carolina. Carnegie Survey of the Architecture of the South, Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Reproduction numbers: LC-DIG-csas-03833, LC-DIG-csas-06986, LC-DIG-csas-03845. Middleton Family Papers. Middleton Place Archives, Middleton Place, SC. South Carolina Department of Archives and History. Middleton Place. National Register Properties in South Carolina. Accessed August 25, C. Selected

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER SC-46. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Beech, Virginia. American Landmark: Charles Duell and the Rebirth of Middleton Place. Charleston: Evening Post Books, Cheves, Langdon. Middleton of South Carolina. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine vol. 1, no. 3, July Doyle, Barbara. Delighted with the Mill. The Rice Paper, April Doyle, Barbara, Mary Edna Sullivan, and Tracy Todd. Beyond the Fields: Slavery at Middleton Place. Charleston: University of South Carolina Press; First Edition, Duell, Charles. Middleton Place: A Phoenix Still Rising. Charleston: Middleton Place Foundation, Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Middleton Place. HABS No. Lewis, Kenneth E. and Helen W. Haskell.

The Middleton Place Privy: A Study of Discard Behavior and the Archeological Record. Research Manuscript Series University of South Carolina, Lowrey, James. Historic Stone and Pipe Culverts. Birmingham Mineral Railroad Signs Project. Accessed August 25, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 9) Middleton Family Papers. Middleton Place Archives, Middleton Place, SC. SC Picture Project. Middleton Place. Accessed August 25, Snell, Charles W. Middleton Place Gardens. National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Society Editor. Tea Room on Butterfly Lake at Old Mill in Gardens. The Greenville News, March 16, Section Todd, Tracy. Middleton Place Historic Mill Stabilization and Resiliency Project.

Hurricane Irma Emergency Supplemental Historic Preservation Grant Application, Grant# P19AP00015 / Middleton Place Foundation, Trinkley, Michael. A Brief Examination of the Middleton Place Mill, Middleton Place Plantation Phase One. Columbia, SC: Chicora Foundation, Inc., . Monitoring Construction Activities at the Middleton Place Mill Phase Two. Columbia, SC: Chicora Foundation, Inc., Yeadon, Richard. Editorial Correspondence. The Charleston Daily Courier, April 21, D. Likely Sources Not Yet Investigated: The Middleton Place archives offer a fertile field for additional historic research. Letters with even a brief mention of the mill, mill pond or milling operations, would help further our understanding.

Letters, receipts, or contracts for the various periods of rebuilding and repair would provide crucial evidence for alterations. The photo archives offer an exceptional record of the mill, and its various transitions, during the twentieth century. Regrettably, the photographic record has yet to be fully tapped to explore the changes to the surrounding landscape features. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 10) Part IV. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Site Plans Map 2 Detail Map 1. General Map of Middleton Place Foundation. Source: Grey M. Lewis, Forsberg Engineering and Surveying, Inc., MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 11) The Mill Culvert Map 2. Detailed Site Plan of Middleton Place Culvert. Source: Jason W. McNatt, HAER Architect, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No.

(Page 12) Historic Photographs Historic Photo 1. Ca. view of the mill and culvert opening (obstructed by vegetation) looking towards the Ashley River. Source: Middleton Place Archives. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 13) Historic Photo 2. view of the mill and culvert opening (right) looking towards the Ashley River. See Historic Photo 9 for a comparison. Source: Middleton Place Archives. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 14) Historic Photo 3. view of the mill and pond looking towards the Ashley River. Source: Middleton Place Archives. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 15) Historic Photo 4. Ca. view of the mill and culvert opening (center) looking across the ponds. Source: Middleton Place Archives. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 16) Historic Photo 5. Ca.

view of the mill and culvert during low tide. Source: Middleton Place Archives. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 17) Historic Photo 6. Ca. view of the mill and culvert opening (right) looking across the pond. Source: Middleton Place Archives. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 18) Historic Photo 7. photograph of the mill and culvert opening. Source: Frances Benjamin Johnston Photograph Collection, Carnegie Survey of the Architecture of the South, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division [Reproduction number LC-DIG-csas-03833]. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 19) Historic Photo 8. photograph of the mill with the culvert s brick wingwall in the foreground.

Source: Frances Benjamin Johnston Photograph Collection, Carnegie Survey of the Architecture of the South, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division [Reproduction number LC-DIG-csas-06986]. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 20) Historic Photo 9. photograph from atop the terrace with the butterfly lakes in the foreground looking towards the Ashley River. The mill, mill pond, and culvert opening are at the far right. See Historic Photo 2 for a comparison. Source: Frances Benjamin Johnston Photograph Collection, Carnegie Survey of the Architecture of the South, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division [Reproduction number LC-DIG-csas-03845]. MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 21) Photographs Existing Conditions Photo 1.

Detail of intake headwall and brick wingwalls. Source: NPS State, Tribal, Local, Plans & Grants Division, December MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 22) Existing Conditions Photo 2. View of morning mist from the ponds. Sluice at intake and mill in foreground, terraces in the background, looking northeast. Source: Christopher Marston, HAER, January 6, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 23) Existing Conditions Photo 3. Detail of outfall showing ca. concrete aggregate and cracking. Source: Christopher Marston, HAER, January 6, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 24) Existing Conditions Photo 4. HAER Architect Todd Croteau setting up his large format camera inside the intake at the culvert headwall. Source: Christopher Marston, HAER, January 6, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No.

(Page 25) Existing Conditions Photo 5. Contextual view from atop the terraced landscape with urn in foreground, and the mill, mill pond, culvert inlet and Ashley River in the background, looking southeast. (Corresponds to Photo No. HAER Source: Todd A. Croteau, January 6, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 26) Existing Conditions Photo 6. Detail of culvert inlet looking north with the mill and terraced landscape in the background. (Corresponds to Photo No. HAER Source: Todd A. Croteau, January 6, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 27) Existing Conditions Photo 7. Detail of culvert inlet looking west with mill pond and terraced landscape in the background. (Corresponds to Photo No. HAER Source: Todd A. Croteau, January 5, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No.

(Page 28) Existing Conditions Photo 8. View from the second-floor window in the mill looking down at culvert inlet with mill pond at right. Looking west. (Corresponds to Photo No. HAER Source: Todd A. Croteau, January 6, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 29) Existing Conditions Photo 9. Detail inside culvert showing brick, parging, and concrete. Looking east towards outlet. (Corresponds to Photo No. HAER Source: Todd A. Croteau, January 6, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 30) Culvert Replacement Photo 1. View of the historic culvert at the pond opening. Source: Jeff Neale, Middleton Place Foundation, January 19, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 31) Culvert Replacement Photo 2. View of the historic culvert along the corridor.

Source: Jeff Neale, Middleton Place Foundation, January 19, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 32) Culvert Replacement Photo 3. View of the modern culvert installation along the corridor. Source: Jeff Neale, Middleton Place Foundation, January 19, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 33) Culvert Replacement Photo 4. View of the modern culvert installation. The junction box is in the foreground, located behind the original intake opening. Source: Jeff Neale, Middleton Place Foundation, January 19, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 34) Culvert Replacement Photo 5. View of completed culvert installation looking towards the Ashley River from the mill pond. Source: Jeff Neale, Middleton Place Foundation, February 2, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No.

(Page 35) Culvert Replacement Photo 6. View of completed culvert installation looking at the eastern outlet into the Ashley River. Source: Jeff Neale, Middleton Place Foundation, February 2, MIDDLETON PLACE CULVERT HAER No. (Page 36) Culvert Replacement Photo 7. View of new intake headwall and curved, stucco-faced concrete wall around new flume, with original brick wingwalls in foreground (compare with Existing Conditions Photo 1 ). Source: Jeff Neale, Middleton Place Foundation, October 24,