Hudson High School, 77 North Oviatt Street, Hudson

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS OH-2491. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Vacant/Demolished June The oak all e to the west of the original building will be protected by a 99-year conservation easement. The actual site of the building is to be retained by the Hudson City School District for future use.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS OH-2491. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The building, originally named the Memorial School to honor World War I veterans, was a significant historic building for the City of Hudson. The Hudson High School property was associated with events that made significant contributions to broad patterns of history. Areas of significance include Education, Politics/Government, and Social History. The school s design and construction reflected the Progressive Movement s influence on state and local legislation for educational reforms during the

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS OH-2491. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The sponsor organization of this HABS submission is the Hudson Heritage Association with the support of a donor and cooperation of the Hudson City School District. The contracted professional is Perspectus Architecture, with the consultant Andrew Baugnet providing photographic documentation. Kathleen Russell wrote a draft National Register nomination for the property. The bibliography and some language from that nomination is incorporated in this document. The building is not listed in the National Register of Historic Places. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 2) PART I. HISTORICAL INFORMATION A. Physical History 1. Date of erection: according to a plaque on an interior wall. 2. Architect: Miller & Son Architects (Youngstown, Ohio) according to a plaque on an interior wall.

John Marcus Miller (b. of Miller & Son Architects The firm Miller & Son Architects consisted of the father, John Marcus Miller (b. and his son Marcus Gilbert Miller (b. The December issue of The Ohio Architect, Engineer, and Builder cites that John Marcus had been involved with the building business since around when he was 19 years old. Also, he had previously partnered with Herbert Lyman Ford under the firm name Miller & Ford, Architects with an office in Youngstown, Ohio. Miller & Ford s portfolio boasted schools, churches, businesses, and residences, and many of the firm s buildings are featured in the periodical, which contains thirty pages (pages of photographs, renderings, and hand-drawn elevations and floor plans of buildings in Ohio and Pennsylvania.

There is even a photograph and set of plans for A Home Costing 1 The publication History of Ohio includes an entry on John Marcus son, Marcus Gilbert Miller, in which it is noted that John Marcus was born in a log cabin in Mahoning County, Ohio and married to Nettie (Bell) Miller, a native of West Middlesex, Pennsylvania. 2 The May issue of The Ohio Architect, Engineer, and Builder announced the formation of Miller & Son Architects: The architectural firm of Miller & Ford, Dollar Bank Building, Youngstown, Ohio dissolved partnership, effective April 1. J. Marcus Miller and M. Gilbert Miller will continue at the present location under the firm name of Miller & Son, while H. Lyman Ford has opened an office for the practice of the profession at 206 Hippodrome Arcade. Mr.

Ford will be glad at any time to receive catalogues and samples of building material. 3 Marcus Gilbert Miller (b. of Miller & Son Architects The publication History of Ohio includes an entry on Marcus Gilbert Miller. He is noted to have been practicing architecture since in Youngstown, when he was 25 years old; his projects included distinctive buildings, both residential and business. He attended the 1 Messers. Miller & Ford, The Ohio Architect, Engineer, and Builder 18 (December 2 The American Historical Society, Inc., Marcus Gilbert Miller, History of Ohio IV 20. Found in USGenWeb Archives: Accessed on 3 The Personal Side: Miller & Ford, The Ohio Architect, Engineer, and Builder 25 (May 31. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No.

OH-2491 (Page 3) public schools in Girard, Ohio, Rayen High School in Youngstown, Ohio, Hiram College, and the University of Illinois in Architecture, Master of Architecture, Within just over one year of marrying Marie Messick in summer he had a son, McLean, in late Reportedly, Marcus Gilbert was civically minded and involved in: The Christian Church, Masonic Lodge and Grotto, Lodge No. 55 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Kiwanis Club, and Sigma Phi college fraternity. It was additionally noted that he was an enthusiastic archaeologist and for over twenty years has been collecting relics of aboriginal and prehistoric races in America. He has a collection of about two thousand pieces.

4 The website for Ohio s division of the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB) notes Marcus Gilbert Miller as one of the four founding board members of the Ohio Board of Examiners in He is listed as representing Girard, and there is a photograph of him with the three other board members and the first Chairman/President Charles Owsley, FAIA (Youngstown). 5 There is one building attributed to Marcus Gilbert Miller recorded for the Ohio Historic Inventory (OHI): the Early Learning Center/ Bainbridge Center School located at Chillicothe Road Bainbridge (Township of), Geauga County (GEA0089206). 6 3. Original and subsequent owners, occupants, uses: a. Owner: Hudson Township Rural School District / Hudson Local School District / Hudson City School District. 7 b.

Occupants/Uses: Hudson High School, first used for classes in January and dedicated February 15, was used as a high school until Subsequently known as Hudson Middle School, the property was a middle school from until Spring 4. Builder, contractor, suppliers: Laird Brothers Construction Company (Ashtabula, OH) 4 The American Historical Society, Inc., 20. 5 National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB), Ohio, The Components of Licensure, Accessed 6 Ohio History Connection, Appendix C: Architect-Designed Ohio Resources from the Recent Past, ca. 68. Found at: Accessed 7 In the Hudson Village School District and the township school districts together became the Hudson Township Rural School District.

Note that since the Boxwell-Patterson Law in high-school aged public- school students in Hudson had been attending Western Reserve Academy (WRA) made possible by levy-funded tuition so that Union School could be used for the elementary grades. In WRA announced that no new female students would be accepted, so the Board of Education passed a resolution to establish a high school department and build portable buildings on Union School s playground. In the new high school building was planned. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 4) According to an Articles of Incorporation document A69-1571 located by the Cleveland Public Library s Center for Local & Global History, it appears that a set of brothers with the last name Laird incorporated J. G. Laird Lumber in in Ashtabula, Ohio.

The purpose of the corporation was stated to be: engaging in and conducting a general lumber business, including also building materials of all kinds together with any business necessary and incidental thereto with full power to acquire, hold, sell, and convey real estate to be used in connection with its said business. 8 The CPL also located a bankruptcy notice dated May 11, for The Laird Brothers Construction Company, a partnership. The bankruptcy notice was published in The Cleveland Plain Dealer and described that the property for sale included The entire contracting and construction equipment, materials, and supplies belonging to the Laird Brothers Construction Company at Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio. . . 9 The Electric Motor and Repair Co. in Akron, Ohio installed the electrical systems.

10 5. Original plans and construction: The Hudson High School comprised approximately square feet over two stories plus a partial basement/garden level exposed on the north end of the building. Set back from the residential neighborhood street by a grand lawn with an oak all e, the building was approximately square in plan x 162 ), two stories-high and featured Neo-Classical Revival influences across its brick and limestone facades. The original windows were multi-lite, double-hung, wood sash. The original doors were multi-lite and composed of wood. Regarding the original interior, it was reported in in the local paper that The main corridors are wide and well lighted; the floors and base boards are constructed of concrete. .

.The average seating capacity of the classrooms is about 40 pupils and each is well lighted and contains all modern equipment. Each room throughout the building has a scientific system for receiving proper ventilation. A large fan in the basement over which fresh air is constantly passing sends it to each classroom automatically. . . All these equipments with telephones and electric lights, which have been placed to the very best advantage, will make teaching in the Hudson schools a job which will be sought . . . 11 6. Alterations and additions (demolished Summer 8 J. G. Laird Lumber, Ashtabula, Ohio. Articles of Incorporation, document A69-1571.

9 Bankruptcy Notice for The Laird Brothers Construction Company, a partnership, The Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 11, 10 Hudson Herald [Hudson], 15 February 11 Hudson Herald [Hudson], 12 January HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 5) The present HABS report addresses the building. The additions discussed below were demolished in prior to the current HABS recordation. Outcalt, Guenther and Associates Architects. A square foot building was added that was connected to the original building by a corridor. The addition was used for a new kitchen, wood and metal shops, home economics, music and science classrooms. Modifications to the original building included renovation of the existing locker rooms, and the addition of a gas/oil fired boiler.

Outcalt, Guenther, Rode, Toguchi, and Bonebrake Architects. A square foot addition created space for a new gymnasium, locker rooms, library, lunchroom, arts and crafts, business and typing, and main and guidance offices. The original office, library, and science room spaces were repurposed to conventional classrooms. The two original boilers were replaced. Van Auken, Bridges, Pimm, Poggianti Architects, Cleveland, Ohio. A square foot building was added, introducing a common area, media center, home economics expansion, print shop, music room, band room, auxiliary multi-purpose room, and six science rooms. The original gymnasium was converted into six, first-floor classrooms, and the second floor had two large group instruction rooms and an office.

Additional seating and lighting were added to the auditorium. A cosmetology classroom, a lab area and a faculty lounge were also created. The basement locker room area was repurposed into two classrooms and a storage area. A square foot weight room was added. The cosmetology classroom was renovated and converted into three conventional classrooms and an office area. B. Historic Context: The Building, originally named the Memorial School to honor World War I veterans, was a significant historic building in the City of Hudson, whose residents historically valued and supported education since the town s founding at the turn of the nineteenth century.

The community s high regard for education can be traced to David Hudson s establishment of a school on the Village Green by and the founding of Western Reserve College and Preparatory School in The Hudson High School property was associated with events that made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of history. The areas of significance include Education, Politics/Government, and Social History.

The school s design and construction reflected the Progressive Movement s influence on state/local legislation for educational reforms during the State/local legislation of the emphasized compulsory and free public high school education regardless of socio-economic status (per Ohio s Bing Act), a standardized curriculum and school building layout parameters, and formal administration of a school district. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 6) The building was planned to fulfill the school district s needs as well as those of the Hudson community.

The school district s needs reflected the Progressive Movement s philosophies of the and included designated space to accommodate specific functions, such as for a library, laboratory, cafeteria, gymnasium, auditorium, and administrative offices. There were also wide hallways to accommodate higher student enrollment, and state of the art systems to address ventilation, heating, sanitary needs, and lighting. The Hudson community s needs were addressed through access to the 600-seat auditorium that was used for public meetings, lectures, and cultural events.

Further, the choice of the incorporation of Neoclassical stylistic influences popular at the time (symmetry, full-height porch with columns and temple front) evoked the egalitarian ideals of Greece/Rome that Hudson residents were eager to uphold. In November a bond issue was passed by Hudson residents in the amount of for construction of a new Memorial High School. When the building first opened for classes in January it was described in in the local paper as follows: This building is as complete as modern science can make it and should be a source of great pride to every citizen and the Alumni of Hudson Hi, for very few towns of this size have such a commodious building which would be a valuable asset to any college or university. 12 PART II. ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION A.

General Statement 1. Architectural character: The handsome Neoclassical detailing of the Hudson High School distinguished the building and reflected the broader architectural trends and patterns popular during the Progressive Era. Proponents typically drew upon Greek/Roman architecture to conjure egalitarian ideals. 2. Condition of fabric: The building was in serviceable condition at the time of its demolition. After careful study by the Hudson City School District, continued use of the building as a space for the public was determined not feasible. The substantial alteration required to convert the building into private accommodations was undesirable for the neighborhood residents.

As mentioned previously, the oak all e to the west of the original building will be protected by a 99-year conservation easement. The actual site of the Building is to be retained by the Hudson City School District for future use. 12 Hudson Herald [Hudson], 12 January HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 7) B. Description of Exterior 1. Overall dimensions: The Hudson High School comprised approximately square feet over two stories plus a partial basement/garden level exposed on the north end of the building. Set back from the residential neighborhood street by a grand lawn with oak all e, the Building was approximately square in plan x 162 ), two stories-high and featured Neo-Classical Revival influences across its brick and limestone surfaces.

The front (west) facade was eleven bays wide and featured a centrally located main entrance bay marked by paired stone pilasters and a stone entablature with balustrade. The grand stair leading to the main entry was removed by See description under 3. Walls below for more detail. The north side of the building, which fronted the original locker rooms and two-story gymnasium, was fourteen bays wide and featured four entrances. The outer two entrances occurred at basement/garden level, and led to the corridors lining the classrooms, and the two centrally located basement/garden level entrances led to the locker rooms just north of the gymnasium. The south wall, which fronted the two-story auditorium, was thirteen bays wide and featured five entrances.

The outer two entrances led to the corridors lining the classrooms, and the three centrally located entrances led to the auditorium. The east wall was eleven bays wide and was the side of the building to which the additions were constructed. 2. Foundations: The partial basement/garden level featured brick cladding and a stone water table. 3. Walls: The first floor and second floor featured red brick cladding set in a running bond, and stone ornamental features. Many of the spandrel panels are noted on the drawings to be Flemish bond.

The centrally located, two-story main entrance bay on the front (west) facade was marked by paired fluted stone pilasters with foliated capitals that supported a stone entablature inscribed with HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL and was topped with a stone balustrade and four urns. The pilasters framed the first-floor main entrance stone surround that was topped by a wrought iron balconette supported by scrolled stone corbels. A stone surround also bordered second floor windows. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 8) 4. Structural system, framing: As noted on the original drawings: there was a metal joist system on top of a truss system above the gymnasium and auditorium.

The transverse section through the classrooms along the east elevation notes metal joist system at the first floor, second floor, and roof. In the boiler room below this section there is a concrete beam called out. The transverse section through the library along the west elevation notes metal joist system at the roof. 5. Porches, stoops, balconies, bulkheads: N/A 6. Chimneys: The towering brick chimney was most visible from the east side and was used to vent the coal-fired boiler system/ radiator furnaces. 7. Openings: a. Doorways and doors: Exterior doors had been replaced with hollow metal doors. b. Windows and shutters: Windows had been replaced with one-over-one, double hung aluminum windows. The original stone sills remained. The first-floor windows had soldier course brick lintels.

8. Roof: a. Shape, covering: The roofing was low slope. b. Cornice, eaves: The parapet was brick with stone accents and stone coping. On the front (west) elevation, each outer bay featured a stone balustrade set within the brick parapet. The four bays on each side of the main entry bay featured recessed brick spandrel panels set within the brick parapet. The top of each pier was marked by a stone cap. The rain discharge system was internal/integral to the building. c. Dormers, cupolas, towers: N/A C. Description of Interior: 1. Floor plans: The interior originally featured a two-story gymnasium (subsequently divided into smaller rooms on each of the two floors) on the north side, and a two-story, 600-seat auditorium with balcony and stage house on the south side.

These gathering spaces were separated from each HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 9) other by an east-west corridor, and each was bookended on the east and west by north-south corridors and classrooms at the east and west building perimeter. The original basement floor plan shows that the excavated and occupied portions of the basement were accessed from stairways in the northeast and northwest corners of the building. The northeast area of the building housed the boiler room, coal room, and apparatus room. The northwest area of the building housed the finishing room and manual training room, which were accessed from the northwest stairway by a short corridor. To the south of the centrally located light well was the fan room.

The other areas around the fan room were unexcavated, so the fan room was only accessed from the light well. Pipe trenches are noted as concentrated on the east side of the building. Large industrial sized exhaust pipes were present and would have accommodated the large coal-fired furnaces of the era. The original first floor plan shows the main entrance centrally located on the west fa ade. A vestibule connects the main entrance to the north-south corridor on the west side of the building (if one turned north/left or south/right); along this double-loaded corridor one may access classrooms on the west, and the gymnasium and auditorium on the east.

If one proceeded due east from the main entrance vestibule, one entered the east-west corridor located between the gymnasium on the north and the auditorium on the south; however, one could not access rooms off of this corridor, only peer into the light well. There was another north-south corridor on the east side of the building; along this double-loaded corridor one may access classrooms and the cafeteria on the east, and the gymnasium and auditorium on the west. There was space allotted for a domestic science room, a kitchen and cafeteria, a sewing room, six classrooms, a rest room, and an office with space for a stenographer. The auditorium housed a projection booth and two dressing rooms.

Of note were its round Corinthian columns supporting the balcony level, and Corinthian pilasters along the rear wall of the balcony. Flanking the original stage were two sets of double Corinthian pilasters. A striated ceiling remained, which would have been used to improve acoustics. Originally the gymnasium extended the height of the building with the main entrance at garden/basement level. That space had been modified and converted into classrooms on the first and second floors. The original second floor plan shows that the library was originally located above the main entrance that was centrally located on the west elevation. The corridor arrangement duplicated the layout of the first floor, with classrooms along the west and east sides of the building perimeter.

Reportedly there was space allotted for five recitation rooms, two study rooms, a rest room, a laboratory, two classrooms, and a library. In the library there was a HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 10) skylight that would have brough light and ventilation to the space, it was subsequently covered by an acoustical tile ceiling. 2. Stairways: The stairways were located near the building outside corners. As identified on the original drawings, the stairways featured terrazzo floors and base, 4 x 4 cast iron newels, 5/8 square bars at railings, top and bottom channel to suit, and brace square. There were also decorative wrought iron support braces. Handrails were oak. Stairway walls had glazed yellow brick wainscotting with oak chair railing. 3.

Flooring: The corridors featured terrazzo as originally designed. Other flooring, such as in the classrooms (originally wood flooring) and auditorium, had been modified over the decades. 4. Wall and ceiling finish: Corridor walls were lined with glazed yellow brick wainscotting capped by an oak chair railing; plaster was located above the chair railing. Lockers filled niches so that the front plane of the lockers aligned flush with the wall. Remaining walls were plaster. Ceilings were plaster and featured coved plaster perimeters and crowned molding. Acoustical tile ceilings were introduced to screen the mechanical upgrades, which effectively lowered the ceiling heights 5. Openings: a.

Doorways and doors: In the basement were original fire doors to the boiler and electrical rooms (manufactured by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.) Entrances to the classrooms on the first and second floors were defined by an archway, and doors were recessed within the archway. At the stairways, there was at least one remaining wood partition with opaque, vintage wire architectural glass, and this was at the northwest entrance/stairway. Remaining interior doors had been replaced over the decades. b. Windows: See discussion under Openings above. The original library space featured an ornamental skylight. 6. Decorative features and trim: N/A 7. Hardware: N/A HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 11) 8. Mechanical equipment: a.

Heating, air conditioning, ventilation: The original heating system was a coal-fired boiler system with radiator furnaces.

The systems in place at the time of demolition included: two Dietrich cast iron sectional boilers that provided hot water heating to perimeter heating coils in several sections of the building along the front (west) facade; seven uni-vents on the rear (east) side of the building that had hot water heat from the boilers; four multi-zone rooftop heating (natural gas) /cooling units that served classrooms in the center sections of the building; one rooftop unit that was natural gas and DX cooling for supply of VAV boxes on the lower level, first, and second floors; and one rooftop forced air unit from AAON that serviced the auditorium and provided both heating and cooling. b.

Lighting: The lighting system in place at the time of demolition included a recent upgrade from fluorescents to T-8 fluorescents (28-watt). Lighting fixtures salvaged before demolition include: a lighting fixture from a typical corridor, and a lighting fixture from the original gymnasium. c. Plumbing: No systems of interest were reported. 13 d. Electrical equipment: The original electrical installation was noted in the Hudson Herald newspaper to have consisted of the following equipment: High tension substation, lighting and power, motors, time clock system, and telephone system. 14 9. Original furnishings: A newspaper article noted that approximately has been saved to the taxpayers by purchasing certain furniture from the factory at the Ohio State reformatory at Mansfield. 15 D. Site: 1.

Historic landscape design: Situated on a five-acre parcel of land on the west end of the Hudson City School District s campus (comprising more than 92 acres in total), the campus is located close to the original village core. The front fa ade was a vital component in the aesthetic of the Hudson Historic District streetscape which directly abuts the north and west boundaries of the parcel. 16 The building s former regal setback and the approach through an oak- 13 John Byron, Supervisor of Facility Services, Hudson City School District. 14 Hudson Herald [Hudson], 15 February 15 Hudson Herald [Hudson], 15 February 16 Wendy Naylor and Diana Wellman, Naylor Wellman, Hudson Historic District (Elm Street and Roslyn Avenue) Boundary Increase, Summit County, Ohio, NR# HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No.

OH-2491 (Page 12) lined all e on the west main entrance added to its stature and complemented the tree-lined single-family residential neighborhood on Oviatt Street. Note that the streetscape is one of single-family residences on uniform lots with common setbacks, treelined, with two early streetlights still in use. Homes on Oviatt Street represent the natural progression of building from the late through the mid-20th century. 17 2. Outbuildings: N/A PART III. SOURCES OF

Information a

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"Fourteenth Census of the United States: (accessed November 25, Kathleen Russell, Graduate Student in Historic Preservation, Ursuline College, Draft National Register 17 Nomination for Memorial School/Hudson High School/Hudson Middle School, Summit County, Ohio, HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 13) Burns, James J. Educational History of Ohio: A History of its Progress since the Formation of the State Together with the Portraits and Biographies of Past and Present State Officials. Columbus: Historical Publishing Co., Byron, John, Supervisor of Facility Services, Hudson City School District. Interview. Conducted by Alice L. Sloan. 17 October Cubberley, Ellwood P. Public Education in the United States: A Study and Interpretation of American Educational History.

Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Cutler III, William W. "Cathedral of Culture: The Schoolhouse in American Thought and Practice Since History of Education Quarterly 29 DLR Group / Westlake Reed Leskosky. Hudson City School District Middle School Feasibility Study. Feasibility Study, Cleveland: DLR Group / Westlake Reed Leskosky, Donovan, John J. School Architecture: Principles and Practices. New York: MacMillan, Education News. American Public Education: An Origin Story. an-origin-story/ (accessed October 23, Engelhardt, "Trends in School Architecture and Design." Designing of School Buildings, April 1, Facing History and Ourselves. School: The Story of American Public Education. (accessed October 23, Goldin, Claudia.

"A Brief History of Education in the United States, NBER Working Paper Series." National Bureau of Economic Research. August (accessed October 29, Grant, C. R., A. J. Findley, C. W. Dick, and W. W. Warner. Illustrated Summit County Map, Akron: Akron Map & Atlas Company, Graves, Ben E. School Ways: The Planning and Design of America's Schools. New York: McGraw-Hill, Gulliford, Andrew. America's Country Schools. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 14) Gyure, Dale Allen. "The Transformation of the Schoolhouse: American Secondary School Architecture and Educational Reform, Charlottesville: University of Virginia, Harrison, WK. and Dobbin, C.E. School Buildings of Today and Tomorrow.

New York: Architectural Book Publishing Company, Inc., Hollister, Horace. The Planning and Construction of High School Buildings, University of Illinois Bulletin No. 8. Urbana: University of Illinois, Hudson City School District. Hudson City School District: Middle School Building Assessment. Building Assessment, Hudson: Hudson City School District, Hudson City School District. Hudson City Schools: Our Pictorial Heritage, Hudson, Hudson Local School District. A Short History of the Public Schools of Hudson, Ohio and a brief biography of Charles Fremont. Hudson: The Hudson Press Printers, . Hudson Local School District: A Tradition of Excellence. Hudson: Hudson Local School District, Hudson Township Rural School District / Hudson Local School District / Hudson City School District. The Log.

Hudson, Ohio: Hudson High School Yearbook Staff, Institute of Progressive Education & Learning. The Progressive Era. http://institute districts/theprogressive-era/ (accessed October 25, Knight, George W. The History of Higher Education in Ohio. Washington: Government Printing Office, Lackney, Jeffery A. Schools for the future: Design proposals from architectural psychology. Edited by Rotraut Walden. Hogrefe, McAlpine, William. "The Origin of Public Education in Ohio." Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society Publications, McCormick, Virginia E. Educational Architecture in Ohio: From one-room schools and Carnegie libraries to community education villages. Kent: Kent State University Press, HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 15) Messers. Miller & Ford.

The Ohio Architect, Engineer, and Builder 18 (December 11- 43. Miller & Son Architects. Plans, Elevations, Sections, and Details for New School Building. Hudson Township Rural School District / Hudson Local School District / Hudson City School District. Mondale, Sarah. School: The Story of American Public Education. Boston: Beacon Press, National Center for Education Statistics. Years of American Education: A Statistical Portrait." January (accessed October 25, National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB), Ohio, The Components of Licensure, Accessed Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society. The History of Educational Legislation in Ohio from to Columbus: The F. J. Deer Printing Company, Ohio History Central. Bing Act of (accessed October 23, . Ohio School Law.

(accessed October 23, . Public Schools. (accessed October 31, Ohio History Connection. Appendix C: Architect-Designed Ohio Resources from the Recent Past, ca. 68. Found at: Accessed Ohio Memory. Education in Ohio, an-origin-story/ (accessed October 31, Ohio State Teachers Association, Centennial Committee. A History of Education in the State of Ohio: A Centennial Volume. Columbus: Gazette Printing House, HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 16) Palmadessa, Allison L. American National Identity, Policy, Paradigms, and Higher Education and the United States, Sloane, Eric. The Little Red School House. Garden City: Doubleday, State Historic Preservation Office, Michigan Historical Center, Michigan Department of History, Arts, and Libraries.

An Honor and an Ornament: Public School Buildings in Michigan. Detroit: Inland Press, Summit Memory. "Oviatt Street #34 - Hudson Elementary School." Summit Memory. (accessed November 08, The American Historical Society, Inc. Marcus Gilbert Miller, History of Ohio IV 20. Found in USGenWeb Archives: Accessed on The Personal Side: Miller & Ford. The Ohio Architect, Engineer, and Builder 25 (May 31. United States Bureau of Education. High School Buildings and Grounds. Washington: United States Bureau of Education, United States Department of Education. The Federal Role in Education. May 25, (accessed October 31, United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Education. Education in the United States of America. Washington United States Government Printing Office, Waring, James W.

Ellsworth and the Re-founding of Western Reserve Academy. Hudson: Western Reserve Academy, HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 17) Figure 1: drawing, Basement and Foundation Plan. Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 18) Figure 2: drawing, First Floor Plan. Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 19) Figure 3: drawing, Second Floor Plan. Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 20) Figure 4: drawing, Roof Plan. Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 21) Figure 5: drawing, Entry and Window Details. Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No.

OH-2491 (Page 22) Figure 6: drawing, Interior Millwork and Trim Details. Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 23) Figure 7: drawing, Longitudinal and Transverse Sections. Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 24) Figure 8: Drawing, West and South Elevations. Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 25) Figure 9: drawing, East and North Elevations. Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 26) Figure 10: Photograph of the front (west) fa ade, The Log Yearbook, Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No.

OH-2491 (Page 27) Figure 11: Photograph of the front (west) facade, The Log Yearbook, Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 28) Figure 12: Photograph of the auditorium balcony, The Log Yearbook, Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 29) Figure 13: Aerial photograph of the Hudson High School looking southeast showing the addition to the east of the building. Note that the addition is on the south side of the addition and not visible in this photograph. The Log Yearbook, Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 30) Figure 14: Photograph of an interior corridor, The Log Yearbook, Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No.

OH-2491 (Page 31) Figure 15: Photograph of students sitting atop the entablature above the main entrance, The Log Yearbook, Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 32) Figure 16: Aerial photograph of the Hudson High School site looking east (with the and additions sprawling to the east), The Log Yearbook, Courtesy Hudson City School District. HUDSON HIGH SCHOOL HABS No. OH-2491 (Page 33) Figure 17: Photograph of the main (west) entrance with the stairs removed, The Log Yearbook, Courtesy Hudson City School District.