Everett City (part 1 of 2)

Everett City

and formerly carried on quite a business, employing about forty hands in the manufiicture of emery wheels and emery wheel machinery for grinding and polishing. The works were burned in 1881, and though they were rebuilt the company apparently never recovered from the blow. In 1889 it failed and in March last its works, consisting of a factory and 71,000 feet of land, were sold at auction.

The Waters Governor Works, established by Mr. Charles Waters for the purpose of manufacturing steam-engine governors on a patent issued to Mr. Waters January 3, 1871, were located in Everett, about eight years ago in a building formerly owned by Hervey Waters and designed by him for a scythe factory. Mr. Charles Waters died in 1880, and Mr. Edward Dewey purchased the business and on April 27, 1882, became owner of the factory at Everett, where he shortly after commenced manufacturing operations, which were continued by himself and Mr. R. B. Lincoln, under the firm-name of Edward Dewey & Co., until the death of Mr. Dewey, April 9, 1890. Since that time the business has been carried on by Mr. Lincoln, the surviving partner. The establishment employs from forty to fifty hands and manufactures from 2500 to 4000 steam governors annually.

Li November, 1888, Messrs. O. J. Faxon & Co. started, in one of the buildings connected with the works, a foundry which manufactures castings for the governor works and piano plates.

The furniture factory now owned and operated by Charles H. Bangs was originally established by Mr. Geo. D. Otis in 1885 for the manufacture of chamber furniture. The establishment was purchased by Mr. Bangs in March, 1888, and is now devoted to the manufacture of drug-store interiors, for which Everett has the largest establishment of its kind in the world. The business was begun by Mr. Bangs in the latter part of the year 1885. The idea originated with Mr. Bangs of making such work in sectional form for convenience in shipment and adaptability to different situations or locations. This method has become very popular on account of the quality of the work that can be produced by being able to concentrate the required workmen upon a single specialty. The enterprise has grown from a very modest beginning to one of large proportions, Mr. Bangs having in his employ at the present time between eighty and ninety employees, including a great many different trades, such as designers, draughtsmen, carvers, show-case makers, glass-grinders, metal-workers, silver-platers, millmen, cabinet-makers, glass-stainers, etc. Besides these several men are employed for setting up the work, which is now being shipped to every part of the United States, and several the past year have been exported. The present output of the establishment is at the rate of nearly a quarter of a million per year, and the demand seems to be rapidly increasing. Many of the finest drug-stores in the country are the product of these factories. 37-iii

Stephen H. Kimball's factory was originally established for the manufacture of children's carriages in 1875. The factory was partially burned January 29, 1879, but was afterwards rebuilt and enlarged. The establishment is now devoted mainly to the manufacture of invalid chairs and athletic goods.

In 1881 White, Wiley & Co. established a varnish factory near the Chelsea line. The firm dissolved January, 1883, and the factory in Everett was transferred to Messrs. Wiley & Richardson, who carried on the business until April, 1888, when Mr. Benj. J. Richardson, one of the original firm, became sole proprietor. No information has been furnished in regard to its operations.

Though not coming within line of manufacturing business, the sale of spring water has assumed proportions which entitle it to mention as one of the important industries of Everett. Everett or South Maiden spring water has from time immemorial been noted for its excellent qualities. The first systematic attempt to make it an article of merchandize was made by the Everett Spring Water Co. in 1881, when they purchased the land at the junction of Ferry and Chelsea Streets, andsoon after established a plant including the present Everett Spring House. They have since done an extensive business in the sale of Everett Spring Water.

The Belmont Hill Spring, owned by the Belmont Hill Water Co., enjoys a deservedly high reputation, and the water from this supply commands a large sale.

A large proportion of the residents of the town are engaged in business in Boston. The population of the town, according to the census of 1890, is 11,043, as compared with 2220, May 1, 1870. The valuation of the town May 1, 1890, was $7,889,650, of which *7, 451,300 was real estate and $438,350 personal property. The assessed valuation of real estate is divided as follows: - Land, $3,355,950 ; buildings, $4,095,350.

The number of dwelling-houses May 1, 1890 was 2225, as compared with 414 in 1870. The total taxation for the State, county and town purposes in 1890 wa8$120,585.92, and the rate $14.50 on the $1000. Of the total population of 5825 shown by the census of 1885, 4610 were native-born and 1215 of foreign birth. Of the native-born, 3253 were born in Massachusetts, 637 in Maine, 313 in New Hampshire, 116 in New York, and 92 in Vermont. Of the foreign-born, 436 were born in Ireland, 463 in the British Provinces, 173 in England and Scotland. As to civil condition, 3012 were single, 2503 married, 299 widowed and 11 divorced.

As Everett was originally a part of Maiden, its history grows out of that of the parent town, of which it is a continuation. The history of South Maiden therefore first demands notice.

by virtue of a grant in 1633, within the territorial limits of Charlestown, the country north of Mystic River being known as "Mystic Side" or "Mystic Field." The exact date of the first settlement is not known, but as early as 1629, Ralph Sprague, who in the preceding year had landed at Salem, and taken up his residence at Charlestown, with his two brothers Richard and William, passed over and explored the country on Mystic Side, which they found an " uncouth wilderness," full of " stately timber," inhabited by a remnant of the once powerful tribe of Pawtuckets, under the rule of an Indian chief called Sagamore John, who dwelt at Beacham Point, now the Van Voorhis estate.

His tribe had been under the leadership of the Sachem Nanapashemet, who was killed in 1619. After his death his widow, the Squaw Sachem, established her authority over the tribe, and among the curiosities to be found at the Middlesex Registry of Deeds is a grant from the Squaw Sachem of a large territory in the vicinity, probably including the territory of Maiden and of several adjoining towns, dated in 1639.

In 1634 an allotment of laud was made to the several inhabitants of the tract, afterwards known as the Five Acres Lot, bounded by the line running from the Powder Horn Hill to the North or Maiden River; and the Charlestown Book of Possessions, as early as 1638, shows allotments of numerous tracts on the Mystic Side, within the territorial limits of Everett.

Penny Ferry was established where Maiden Bridge now is in 1640, and it continued to exist until the opening of the bridge in 1787. The road to the ferry, according to Corey's " History of Maiden," lay near the edge of the marshes, between the burying-ground and Mystic River, in part coinciding with Bow and Main Streets.

So far as known, the earliest settlers in what is now Everett, were William Sargent, described as a " godly Christian," in 1643 or earlier; Thomas Whittemore, near Chelsea line. 1645 or earlier ; Thomas ('aule, at the Ferry, as early as 1643 ; Deacon John Upham, in 1 650, apparently in what is now West Everett ; Peter Tufts, between 1638 and 1640. He kept the Penny Ferry, where Maiden Bridge now is, in 1646. William Bucknam, the ancestor of a long line of prominent citizens of Maiden, appears as a jjurchaser of real estate as early as 1649, and was certainly a resident at Mystic Side prior to 1664. - The old house supposed to have been erected by him was, until about a dozen years ago, occupied by our veteran fireman, Joseph Swan, one of his descendants, and stood on the site of Mr. Swan's present residence. Portions of this edifice are still standing near the spot. It is among the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest.

By act of the Court of Assistants passed May 16, 1849, O. S., " Upon the petition of the Mystick Side men they are granted to be a distinct Towne, and the Jiame thereof to be called Mauldon." The boundary between Charlestown and the new town appears to have been established on a line running from near Powder Horn Hill in a northwesterly direction to the North (now Maiden) River, and Stephen Fosdick, Thomas Whittemore, William Sargent and Richard Pratt are mentioned as abutters thereon.

The portion still remaining within the limits of Charlestown included all the southwesterly portion of Everett, and must have corresponded nearly with what was afterwards the Southwest School District, though including a somewhat smaller area. Judging from references in ancient deeds, the line, which passed through the Bucknam farm would extend from southeast to northwest, some distance southerly from Nichols, High and Hancock Streets. The exact location cannot now be given.

These territorial arrangements continued until 1726, when the remaining territory of Charlestown north of the Mystic River was annexed to the town of Maiden except a small strip of land at Penny Ferry, which has been mentioned before as still belonging to the city of Boston.

Steps had been taken to effect a separation from Charlestown as early as 1721. It appears from the Maiden town records that " At A General Town meting jn maiden on ye second of June 1721, John pratt moderator. It was putt To vote to se wher This Toun will Joine with our Charlestown naightbours jn petitioning To ye Generall Court for Ther coming off from Charlestown to be one Township with maiden according To ye warrant. And ye vote passed on the Aflrmative. And That is all yt dwell on ye north side of mistick River up To maiden line; and from boston line To medford line." Chelsea was then a part of Boston and so remained until 1738.

On account of the opposition of Charle.stown the separation was not consummated until 1726, when it was effected in answer to the petition of Joses Bucknam, Jacob Wilson and Jonathan Birrett. The tract thus set off comprised about one-half of the present town of Everett, and thirty-four years later, in 1760, it was inhabited by thirty families.

South Maiden had always been separated in some measure by natural geographical features from the rest of the town by the Great Swamp, extending from the Chelsea line westerly so that a comparatively narrow strip of habitable territory conuected the south with the rest of the town. The southerly part had not been long .annexed to Maiden kefore they began to desire separation.

The immediate occasion for this movement was the re-location of the meeting-house at the Centre, which, by an order of the General Court, made August 4, 1729, was to be placed where the Universalist Church now stands, instead of on the old site at or near Bell Rock. The location of this meeting-house gave rise to a very bitter controversy between the north and the south parts of the town. The new meeting-house was occupied for the first time August 16, 1730, and on the 13th of September following, the people on the south side held their first separate meeting for public worship. In 173-t they appear to have erected a house of worship on what is now Belmont Hill, on the lot now occupied by Hawes Atwood as a residence, at the corner of High Street and Broadway.

The lot for the church was given by Jonathan Sargant, a worthy descendant of the " godly Christian " before mentioned, " in consideration of the love, good-will and affection that I have for and do bear for the Christian people that inhabit in the south part of Maiden, and for the propagation of the Gospel among them," and " for the erecting of a new meetinghouse in order to the worshipping of God in the Congregational way." His deed is dated August 6, 1731, and the lot comprised a quarter of an acre and was reached by a way twenty-six feet wide which led from the highway.

A council of three churches met April 16, 1734, and on the 18th embodied the South Church with sixteen male members. On the 4th of September following Jonathan Sargant and Ebenezer Upham were chosen ruling elders, and John Mudge, deacon. Rev. Joseph Stimpson, of Charlestown, was settled as pastor of this church September 24, 1735, and continued to serve, with some interruptions on account of ill-health, until 1744, when he was dismissed.

The south part still remained by law an integral part of Maiden proper, but a movement had been inaugurated some time before to have it incorporated as a separate town or precinct, and at a public townmeeting, held March 5, 1733, it was " voted that Jonathan Barrett, John Willson and Lieutenant Samuel Bucknam to be ageants to appear at the Generall Court the second Wednesday of the next Sessions to act in behalf of the town of Maiden, referring to a petition of Joses Bucknam, John Mudge, and sundery other of the inhabitauce of the Southerdly part of said town, which petition is that the Generall Court would set them of into a disstinct Township or precinct, according to the bounds mentioned in said petition."

At a town-meeting held May 17, 1736, "according to the desire of Mr. Jonathan Sargant and others, it was put to a vote to see if the town will set them of with all the inhabitants and estates into a distinct township or parrish by the bounds hereafter mentioned, beginning at a stake and heep of stones in the marsh by Molton's island, which is the station-line or bounds between Boston and Maiden, and so as boston line runs to the creek where Boston line crosses the creek in Capt. Oliver's farm, and from thence on a strate line to pemberton's brook at the bridge, and from the said bridge south and southwesterly as the lane runs to the end of hutchinson's lane, and from thence on a strate line to sandy bank river, then as the river runs to the mouth of it, and from the mouth of the said river southeast as the grate river runs to wormwood point, formerly so-called, [now a part of the VanVoorhis estate] and from the said point northeastwardly as the river runs to the first station, with all there proportionable part of all there ministerial lands belonging to the said town, and it passed in the negative." These bounds would include somewhat more than the present territory of Everett. In 1737 the efforts of South Maiden for separation were more successful, and by act of the General Court passed December 27, 1737, the south part of Maiden was set off as a separate parish by the lines prayed for by the petitioners, "Saving that Samuel Bucknam, John Shute, James Hovey, James Green, Obadiah Jenkins, Isaac Waite, Isaac Wheeler and Jonathan Knower" were allowed to continue with the North Precinct, so long as they, with their families, should attend the public worship there.

From this time much of our knowledge of South Maiden and of the men who were prominent in its affairs for more than a hundred years later, is derived from the records of the South Parish and South School District.

The first precinct meeting was held January 23, 1738, at which Captain Samuel Green was chosen moderator ; Thomas Waite (3d), clerk ; Captain Samuel Green, Stower Sprague, Benjamin Blaney, Samuel Stower, Joseph Willson, committee to call precinct meetings.

At a meeting held March 13, 1738, a permanent organization was effected : Elder Jonathan Sargant, moderator; Thomas Waite (3d), clerk; James Barrett, Captain Samuel Green, Nathaniel Upham, John Burditt, Joseph Willson, committee ; Lieut. Thomas Burditt, Thomas Waite (3d), Stower Sprague, Benjamin Blaney, John Winslow, assessors ; Joses Bucknam, treasurer; and Phinehas Sargant, collector.

A parish was a territorial corporation at that time, and taxes were assessed for the support of public worship in the same manner as ordinary town taxes. The assessors held their first recorded mee'ingat the house of Benjamin Blaney, now occupied by William J. Partridge, June 9, 1738, and assessed a sum of seventy-five pounds for the support of" ye ministry."

At a meeting of the South Precinct March 30, 1739, "a vote was called for to see if ye Precinct would finish ye school-house, and ye vote pased in ye negitive."

The South Precinct maintained a troubled existence of fifty-five years For about three years after the departure of Mr. Stimpson they were without a pastor. On April 2, 1747, Rev. Aaron Cleveland was called to the pastorate at a salary of £360, "old tenor " - depreciated paper-money, not worth twenty cents on the dollar. Shortly after, on April 24, 1747, the South Parish voted to raise £1200, old tenor, for the purpose of providing a parsonage, and selected the tract of land which, with eight acres added in 1749, is now known as the "Sargent and Popkin Estate," on Main,

Prescott, Everett and Tremont Streets. The old parsonage may still be seen at the corner of Main and Prescott Streets. Mr. Cleveland commenced his labors May 23, 1747, and continued to serve until Nov., 1750. For somewhat more than a year from this time the parish was without a pastor. On Oct. 16, 1751, it concurred with the church in calling Rev- Eliakim Willis as the precinct's minister, but the negotiations for his settlement were somewhat protracted, and it was not until February 20, 1752, that the terms were definitely fi.xed, the salary to be £53 6«. Sd. specie value, use of the parsonage, enlarged and repaired, and 18 cords of wood. Considerable opposition was developed by a portion of the parish, who desired re-union with the North Precinct, which now proponed to pull down the new meeting-house and remove it to its original site. These overtures were rejected and Mr. Willis commenced his labors. The affairs of the parish steadily declined from this time, owing largely to internal discord and the withdrawal of influential members. In 1758 it proposed a re-union with the North Parish, the united parish to maintain two ministers to be paid from the town treasury, but the North Parish acted upon these proposals " in the negitive." On March 23, 1766, the South Precinct, finding itself unable longer to raise the money to pay Mr. Willis his salary, voted to convey to him its parsonage-house and land, 'on condition that he would relinquish his civil contract and preach to them for three years, the weekly sontributions to belong "to the parish, and to be paid to Mr. Willis for the purpose of extending the period of his service. This parsonage estate remained in the hands of Mr. Willis and of his devisees until 1870, when all of it except the house-lot was sold and cut up into building lots. At the end of the term for which he was thus compensated, Mr. Willis, at the request of the parish, engaged to continue the work of the ministry for a free contribution. From March 27, 1775, to June 5, 1787, through all the period of the Revolutionary War, and for four years after, there is no record of any parisli. meeting.

At the latter date, in consequence of dissensions in the North Parish, growing out of the ministry of Rev. Adoniram Judsou, a considerable number of wealthy members left t)ie former and joined the South Precinct. With this seasonable reinforcement, the prospects of the South Parish brightened. The then dilapidated old meeting-house on Belmont Hill was repaired, and for four years the parish enjoyed an era of prosperity. On the dismission of Rev. Mr. Judson, in 1791, the way was opened for a reconciliation between the North and South Parishes.

At a meeting held January 12, 1792, the South Parish accepted the terms of union reported by a joint committee of the two parishes, and on February 23, 1792, after a separation of fifty-five years, the articles of union were confirmed by the General Court. Rev. Mr. Willis became the pastor of the united

By the terms of the agreement it was stipulated also that the Rev. Mr. Willis should be allowed to preach in the South Meeting-house six Sabbaths a year so long as he should continue able to administer the sacrament to any of the then church.

The old meeting-house continued to stand for several years longer, but was at length sold about the year 1796. On December 10, 1800, we find the last entry of a meeting of the South Parish, at which meeting it was " Voted that the Money the Meeting- House was Sold for that Belonged to the South Parish in Maiden Should be as a fund in the bands of the Treasurer of the South District upon Intrest so long as the District Continues to be a District in the South Part of Said Town and that the Intrest of that Money be anualy be Laid out By the Said District Comttee for the Benifitof the Schooling of the youth."

At this point we may notice a few of the prominent citizens who were residents in this part of Maiden during the latter part of the eighteenth and the early part of the nineteenth century.

Captain Isaac Smith was for many years a representative of the town of Maiden in the General Court, and was said to have been an influential member. Though taken from the almshouse in Boston when a boy, he sustained, as a citizen, an enviable and untarnished reputation. He is mentioned as the commander of an armed vessel in the Revolutionary War. He lived first in the north part of the town and afterwards removed to South Maiden, where he had large landed possessions, which, after his death, in 1795, were for the most part sold to his son-in-law, Captain Nathan Nichols, for many years a prominent and respected citizen of Maiden. At the time of his death Captain Smith was said to have been the wealthiest man in Maiden. As indicating the standard of wealth in those days, it may be added tliat Captain Smith left, after his estate was settled, about $20,000 to be divided among his ten heirs.

Rev. Eliakim Willis, already mentioned as pastor first of the South Parish and then of the united parishes, was a man of eminent piety and very highly respected in the community. He was born in New Bedford, January 9, 1714, and graduated from Harvard College in 1735. He died March 14, 1801, aged eighty-eight. He was chairman of the committee that reported the instructions of the town of Maiden, addressed to Ezra Sargent, then re2)resentative in the General Court.

There still renuiined at or near 1800 several citizens who had tak en a prominent and honorable part in the Revolution ary War. Among these may be mentioned Cajitain Benjamin Blaney, who commanded the company of militia from this town in the battle of Lexington, and the company which marched to join Washington's arniy^in [New Jersey in Decern- ber, 1776. His father was a prominent maa in the South Parish, and a magistrate of some note, and was found dead in the road when returning from the discharge of his duty, not without suspicions of murder. Captain Blaney was prompt in duty and persevering in eflbrt. He frequently served as moderator in parish meetings. He removed from the town in the latter part of his life.

Colonel John Popkin was of a Welsh family, and was born in Boston in 1743. Before the Revolutionary War he was a member of Paddock's artillery company. In the army he was a captain of artillery in Gridley's regiment, and was in the battle of Bunker Hill and at the siege of Boston. He was commissioned captain in Knox's artillery and was in the battle of White Plains ; he was made a major in Greaton's regiment January 1, 1777; wag aide to General Lincoln at Saratoga and was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of Crane's artillery regiment July 15, 1777, in which position he continued until the disbanding of the army, in 1783. After the war he resided in Bolton and later in South Maiden, in the old South Parish parsonage-house devised in part to his wife by Rev. Mr. Willis, on Main near the corner of Prescott Street, where he died, May 8, 1827. He was a member of the Society of Cincinnati, and was for many years an inspector of customs in Boston. He walked to and from Maiden, four miles, every day, from 1789 until he was more than eighty-four years old. His most distinguished descendant was Rev. John S. Popkin, born January 19, 1774, a clergyman and professor in Harvard College, and his successor in the Society of the Cincinnati.

Captain Jonathan Oakes was born in Maiden, October 4, 1751, and was in command of a vessel in the merchant service before he was twenty years of age. In the latter part of 1776 he was captain of the private armed brigantiiie " The Hawke," of ten guns and eighty men. The next year " The Hawke" was taken into the service of the State, and sailed with Captain Manley, on the disastrous crui.se in which his associates were captured at Halifax. Captain Oakes was more fortunate, and, being separated from them, he escaped and took several valuable prizes. Hecontinued in command of the "Hawke" until 1779, making three important captures in 1778, when he purchased an interest in the armed brigantine " Thomas," of which he took cftmmand. In 1780 he made a cruise in the ship " Favorite," of tert guns, and when he returned he took command of the " Patty," of which he was an owner. In 1781, while in comand of the latter vessel, he took the British brig " Betsey," bound to Lisbon. He was a representative in the General Court for twelve terms, the longest service on record with one exception. Captain Oakes died August 16, 1818, at the age of sixty-seven years, leaving a son of the same name, who also was for many years a prominent citizen of South Maiden. Two grandchildren of the latter are now living in Everett.

Captain Daniel Waters was among those who marched with Captain Blaney on the day of the battle of Lexington, where he saw his only service upon the land. Immediately upon the investment of Boston he was appointed by Washington upon the gunboat doing duty on Charles River, and, in 1776, was promoted to the schooner " Lee," in which position he distinguished himself by bringing the prize ship "Hope," which had been captured by Captain Mugford, into Boston Harbor, in the face of the British fleet, and by assisting in the capture of a number of transports, in one of which was the colonel and a portion of the Seventy-first Regiment, with supplies of great value to the Continental service. He was appointed a captain in the United States Navy, March 15, 1777. He sailed as a volunteer with Captain Manley in the " Hancock," and upon the capture of the British frigate " Fox," of twenty-eight guns, was put in command of that vessel. Both vessels were captured at Halifax by a superior British force. Captain Waters was taken a prisoner to New York, where he was retained until April, 1778, when he was exchanged. In March, 1779, he was in command of the United States brig " General Gates." He commanded the ship "General Putnam," a privateer of twenty guns, on the expedition to the Penobscot, in 1779. In December, 1779, he sailed on a cruise in the armed ship " Thorn," of eighteen guns and 120 men, and, on Christmas morning captured two British brigs, "Tryon " and " Sir William Erskine," after inflicting great loss upon both. These two brigs carried thirty-four guns and 178 men. The " Thorn " lost eighteen men, killed and wounded, among the latter being Captain Waters, who received a wound in the knee, from the eS'ects of which he became permanently lame. The "Tryon," after being captured, escaped, while the " Thorn " was pursuing the " Erskine," but in a shattered condition.

In January, 1780, Capt. Waters fell in withtheship " Sparlin," of eighteen guns and seventy-five men, from Liverpool for New York, which was taken after an action of forty minutes. His next, and probably his last voyage, was as commander of the armed ship " Friendship,'' from Boston, to which he was appointed in January, 1781. After the war he retired Irom the sea and lived on his farm in Maiden, where he died March 26,1816. The site of his. residence was at or near the present location of the Everett Spring House, and his lands extended on the westerly side of Ferry Street, as far north as the estate of Thaddcus Peirce, and southerly to Island End.

Besides the persons above mentioned, the names of Nalor Hatch and Nathan Nichols, ai>pear as commanders of armed vessels. Capt. Hatch commanded a company which was stationed at Beacham's Point, on the Van Vooris estate, during the battle of Bunker Hill. He also commanded the earthworks afterwards thrown up at Beacham's Point, and at the junction of Main and Bow Streets.

For many of the foregoing particulars I am indebted to the historical sketch of Maiden, by Deloraine P. Corey, in Drake's '' History of Middlesex County," to the " Bi-centenuial Book of Maiden," and to Mussey's " Reminiscences and Memorials."

It may be well to notice in this place some of the changes in the southern part of the town. In the course of one hundred and sixty or seventy years since its settlement, it had become a fairly prosperous farming community, with convenient roads and means of communication with Boston. It is probable that the oldest road is that leading to Penny Ferry, already mentioned. It is impossible to give the exact date at which this road was laid out.

In 1796 a county road was laid out three rods wide from Main Street to what is now Everett Square, and thence northeasterly in a nearly straight line over Belmont and Corbett Hills, and through the swamp, and then turning easterly to Linden. A portion ol' this road is now known as Lynn Street, a part as School Street, and for upwards of a mile between these two, it was mostly within the limits of what was afterwards the Newburyport Turnpike. The road to Wormwood Point, now known as Beaeham Street, was laid out in 1681 ; Shute Street as a town-way in 1695, and afterwards as a county road. Chelsea Street, formerly extending through Bucknam and Locust Streets to Main Street, was laid out in 1653. Another old road is Ferry Street, formerly known as the county road to Winnisimmet. Main, Ferry and Chelsea Streets have been several times widened by the county commissioners. Elm Street, Nichols Lane, (now a part of Nichols Street), Paine's Lane (now a part of Chelsea Street), and Baldwin Avenue are also old roads. So far as can be ascertained, these are the only roads in South Maldeu of an earlier date than 1800. Formerly, ordinary travel went around through Medford, and thence to Boston, making quite a journey and interfering seriously with public convenience. The building of Maiden bridge, which was formally opened to the public by the firing of cannon and other festivities, Sept. 29, 1787, proved of great benefit to South Maiden, offering, as it did, a direct route to Charlestown and Boston.

This bridge was built by private capital, and was for seventy-two years owned and operated by the Maiden Bridge Corporation as a toll-bridge. The payment of the tolls imposed a heavy tax upon the public travel, and continued to impede the growth of South Maiden. To reach Boston it was necessary, according to the " Bi-centcnnial Book of Maiden," to pass two tollbridges, and a man could not ride into Boston and out again without paying the heavy tax of forty-seven cents.

The south part of Maiden did not long remain without a separate local organization. The South Parish was succeeded by the South School District. On the 6th day of May, 1799, the town of Maiden voted " To accept the report of the committee appointed to divide the town into districts." This report provided for three districts, - the North, the Middle and the South Districts, - the boundaries of the South District to begin at the wharf on Maiden Bank, so called, thence running easterly over the hill to the Chelsea line, leaving Jacob Perkins and Asa Tufts a little to the southward of said line. This line was probably not far from the line between the South and North Parishes, and included a slightly larger area than the present town of Everett. The South Precinct had evidently had a school-house for many years located on the southeast side of the County road, laid out in 1796 ; but on the division of the town into districts, it was deemed advisable lo build a new one, and on October 7, 1799, the town voted to build a school-house in the south part of the town, of the same dimensions as the one proposed for the north part, and to raise 1600 for the purpose of building these school-houses. William Emerson, Stephen Pain, Jr., Joseph Barrett, Jr., Bernard Green, Esq., and Capt. Amos Sargent were appointed as a building committee for both. On the 7th day of April, 1800, the selectmen were empowered to purchase land as a site for the school-house, and pursuant to this authority they purchased of Thomas Sargent, for $20, the lot near the corner of Hancock Street and Broadway, where the house of Hon. Alonzo H. Evans now stands. The South Schoolhouse was erected thereon at the cost of about $300, and continued on or near that spot for the next fortytwo years. The old school-house was bought of the proprietors by the town at an appraisal for $50, and sold for .$35. The first meeting of the South District was held December 10, 1800, on the same day as the last meeting of the South Parish. Capt. Benjamin Blaney was chosen moderator, Ezra Sargent (since 1758 clerk of the South Parish) was chosen clerk, Capt. Jonathan Oakes, Stephen Pain, Jr., Capt. Amos Sargent a committee ; Mr. John Howard, treasurer.

It was voted " that the Committee Shall hire such a Master, and when they think best for the Benifit of the Children." It was also voted " that the fifty Dollars that Belonged to the Proprietors of the old Schoolhouse ly on interest, and that the interest of it be annualy Laid out for the Benifit of Schooling of the youth of the South District."

In 1802 Uriah Oakes, whose descendants to the third generation are still living in town, appears as treasurer. The last entry in the handwriting of Ezra Sargent is under date of March 12, 1804. He was succeeded April 12, 1805, by Winslow Sargent.

From April, 1808, to March 4, 1819. there is no record of any meeting of the South District. At the meeting held on the latter date Captain Ebenezer Nichols appears a.s moderator ; Isaac Parker, clerk ; Nathan Lynde, treasurer; Captain Eben Nichols, Captain Nathan Nichols and Isaac Parker were chosen a committee to purchase land for the district at their discretion.

Everett

At a meeting held March 25, 1820, it was voted '' to remove the School-house, and Captain Nathan Nichols, Captain Ebenezer Nichols, Captain Uriah Oakes, Captain Thomas Oakes and Thadeus Pierce were chosen a committee for the purpose." June 14, 1823, Captain Nathan Nichols was chosen clerk, and from that date to 1830 the records are very neatly kept in his handwriting. He was for many years a prominent citizen of Maiden and a man of sound business qualifications, and grandfather of our present town treasurer. On the 12th of March, 1830, Solomon Corey was chosen clerk, and so continued until 1834.

Nathan Lynde was treasurer of the South District from March 4, 1819, to March 21, 1835, a period of sixteen years. From the year 1820 the names of William Pierce, Thaddeus Pierce (father of the present Thaddeus), Thomas Oakes, Captain Henry Kich Elisha Webb, David Faulkner, Daniel A. Perkins, Leavitt Corbett, Alfred Osgood and Seth Grammer frequently appear in the proceedings of the South District.

At a meeting held March 27, 1837, measures were taken for establishing a primary school, which was subsequently opened in Webb's Hall, so-called, in the house now owned and occupied by Dea. Calvin Hosraer. By a report of the financial concerns of the South District for the year 1839, the cash receipts are stated at $641.52.

In 1841 the increasing population of the South District and the local jealousies of its different sections led to an agitation for a division, and on March 19, 1842, Captain Jonathan Oakes, William Pierce, Stephen Stimpson, Benjamin Nichols, Benjamin S. Shute and Solomon Shute were chosen a committee to report on a proper division line between the two districts. This committee reported March 21, 1842, in favor of a line running across the hill so as to leave Daniel A. Perkins, Jonathan Baldwin, Jr., and William Whittemore on the west side of the hill, the east side to keep the school-house and land for their own. At a townmeeting held April 18, 1842, it was voted that the South District be divided according to the aboveline, and all the inhabitants southwest of said line were set off as a new district by the name of the Southwest School District. At this time there were in South Maiden eighty-eight houses and one hundred and five families as compared with fifty-two houses in 1828.

The South School District continued in existence until 1853, and the old school-house was, in August following the division, removed to the present Glendale School-house lot on Ferry Street, which the South District purchased of Mary Policy for the sum of $300, originally containing about two acres, of which an acre and three-quarters were sold. The old school-house was repaired and continued to be used until 1854, when it was replaced by a new building, which continued iu use until 1885, when it was, in turn, replaced by the present Glendale School-house.

John Cutter, Jr., was chosen clerk of the South District June 18, 1842, and served until March 7, 1849, when he was succeeded by Charles D. Adams, who continued in office until the abolition of the district system.

The Southwest District, as the new district was called, embraced the larger portion of the population and wealth of the former South District. It held its first meeting on May 12, 1842. William Peirce was chosen moderator; William Johnson, the last clerk of the South District before the division and for many years a prominent citizen of Maiden and Everett, assessor, town treasurer, representative to the General Court in 1851 and 1882, was chosen clerk ; Stephen Stimpson, Prudential Committee. A Building Committee was chosen consisting of Jonathan Oakes, Stephen Stimpson, George Winslow, Uriah Oakes, Charles Baldwin, Henry Van Voorhis and William Peirce. This committee was authorized to select and purchase a lot of land as a site for the school house, and to borrow not exceeding 11500 for building the same, in addition to $500 to be raised by taxation, making a total of $2000 placed at the disposal of the building committee.

A plan prepared by A. Benjamin was presented and it was voted to make the building two stories high, and thirty by forty feet in size on the ground. The committee were authorized to expend not exceeding $2400 for this building. The Prudential Committee were authorized to employ such teachers as they judged proper, and a school was opened in a small house on School Street, while the new building was in process of erection. By a report of the Building Committee, presented at a meeting held August 22, 1842, it appears that the contractor, Mr. Elisha B. Loring, received for labor and material furnished $1581.89. The cost of the land, which was purchased of Jonathan Oakes, now worth probably $5000 or more, was $150. The chairs for the building cost $108, and the furnace $149.44. These and various other items brought the total cost up to $2595.11. A vote of thanks to the Building Committee was adopted and the Prudential Committee was directed to employ a male teacher.

The upper story was not at first used for school purposes, but continued to be used as a hall, and the Building Committee were authoiized to furnish the same with seats. The Prudential Committee were also at the same meeting authorized to let the schoolhouse hall for all religious worship, lyceumsand singing-schools, but not to allow dancing or drilling.

At the annual meeting of the district held March 21, 1842, Solomon Corey was chosen clerk and continued to hold that office until the abolition of the district system in 1853. A school district library was established iu 1842 and rules were adopted for the regulation thereof on March 21, 1843. David N. Badger was chosen as the first librarian at the same meeting.

Schools were opened in the new school building in the fall of 1842. From the report of the Prudential Committee March, 1843, it appears that the number of school children in the Southwest School District, between the ages of four and sixteen years, was 119, and that the amount paid for teachers' services from the organization of the district was $306, male teachers receiving thirty dollars and female teachers sixteen dollars per month, and other incidental expenses brought up the total expenditures to $347.67. The district continued to prosper and was steadily reducing its debt when, on Friday, the 27th day of February, 1846, at about one o'clock in the morning, the new school building took fire adid was totally destroyed with its contents, including apparatus and library. The loss was estimated at $2700 ; the insurance was only $1 200. The examination of the schools was to have taken place the same day.

On the 12th day of March the district met and voted to build a new school -house larger than the first, and chose as a Building Committee, George Winslow, Stephen Stimpson, Samuel H. Clapp, Capt. Jonathan Cakes, William Peirce, James H. Dix, Charles Baldwin and David N. Badger. From a report of the treasurer at the same meeting it appears that the total expenditure for schools was $497.02 for the preceding year. It was voted that the new school-house be fifty-five feet long, forty-two feet wide, two stories high ; the first story to be fitted up immediately for school purposes, the second to be used as a public hall until needed for use as a schoolroom. It wag also voted to raise $500 for the building by taxation this year. An attempt to reconsider this action March 24th, was defeated by a vote of fortytwo to twenty-five, but the width of the building was reduced to thirty-six feet instead of forty-two, and the expenditure was limited to $3300, which was considerably exceeded. The new building, like the old, was erected by our late esteemed fellow-citizen, Mr. E. B. Loring, with that thoroughnass which was characteristic of his work. It continued to be used for school purposes by Maiden and lOverett for fortythree yeai-s, and after being remodeled in 1871, and imrtially burned in 1875, was abandoned for school purposes in the fall of 1889. Transformed into an engine-house during the year 1890, it promises to serve out a further extended term of usefulness. The final report of the Financial Committee, submitted March 18, 1847, shows a total expenditure on the building of $3642.32, of which the contractor, Mr. E. B. Loring, received $2903.33, including extras.

The whole number of scholars in the district. May 1, 1846, between the ages of four and sixteen years was 166. On the 30th day of October, 1847, it was voted to let the school-house hall free for Sabbathschools. A committee consisting of Jonathan Cakes, Solomon Corey and Daniel A. Perkins was chosen at the same meeting to petition the Legislature for leave to assess and collect their own district taxes. This movement developed into an eflFort to have South Maiden set off and incorporated as the town of " Winthrop," and a petition for this purpose, headed by Jonathan Oakes, was presented to the General Court, February 2, 1848, by Mr. Bowker, of Boston, and referred to the Committee on Towns, which, on April 13, 1848, reported " leave to withdraw" and the matter was referred to the next General Court, April 17, 1848. At the next session, on January 11, 1849, the petition was taken from the files of the previous year and referred to the Committee on Towns, which again reported leave to withdraw March 19, 1849, which report was accepted March 29th. At the following session redoubled efforts were made for separation, and numerous petitions were presented from South Maiden, beginning with one headed by James H. Dix, presented by Mr. Brewster, of Boston, January 16, 1850. Other petitions followed, headed respectively by Miss Joanna T. Oliver and Willard Sears.

From a statement entered in the record-book of the Southwest District under date of February 1, 1850, the following interesting facts appear in regard to Maiden and the proposed new town.

The whole town grant for schools for 910 scholars was $3000, of which the Southwest District with 147 children received $495.35, and the South District with 77 children received $259.49, and both with 224 children, $754.84.

The valuation of the Southwest District was: Real estate, $255,658 ; personal, $70,321. South District: Real estate, $102,843; personal, $18,145. Total, $446,967, without including estates of non-residents.

The estimated number of polls in the proposed town of Winthrop was 305; number of inhabitauta was 1169. The whole amount of property was stated to be $711,233.

The parent town of Maiden, attacked on the north by the petition to incorporate Melrose (which was successful), and on the south by the petition to incorporate Winthrop, struggled earnestly to preserve its territorial integrity, and succeeded in postponing the incorporation of South Maiden for twenty years more. The Committee on Towns reported leave to withdraw as before, and this report was accepted April 29, 1850. The effort for separation was by a petition presented to the Legislature March 25th. The matter was April 18th referred to the next General Court in which the petitions were taken from the files Feb. 14, 1857, and adverse report made April 18th, and accepted April 21st.

The last meeting of the Southwest District was held March 16, 1853, at which Solomon Corey was chosen clerk ; Timothy C. Edmester, Prudential Committee; Stephen Stimpson, treasurer; Wni. Pierce, and H. W. VanVoorhis, Finance Committee. Their term of oflice was short, for at a town-meeting held April 4, 1853, Maiden abolished the district system.

liriations for the whole town and the proportion all()ttp<l to South Maiden for four years previous to tlie abolition of the district system, will be of interest :

School Appropriations

On the 1st day of May, 1853, the number of taxpayers in the Southwest District was 199, and in the South District, eighty-eight. As indicating the comparative wealth and taxation of 1853 and 1889, it may be added that there were in the South and Southwest Districts in 1853, only fourteen taxpayers, who were assessed 1100 or more each, against 173 in Everett in 1889. After making all due allowance for increased rates, these figures indicate a marked increase in wealth. The names of the tax-payers in South Maiden paying $100 or more in 1853 were : Eliphalet Kimball, $113.89 ; Nathan Lynde's heirs, $240.43 ; John Lewis, $161.92 ; Nathan Nichols' heirs, $450.50; Uriah Oakes' widow, $337.31 ; Wm. and G. W. Pierce, $172.53; Rebecca Perkins, $110.84; Joseph Swan, $189.87; Stephen Stimpson, $123.67 ; Simon Tufts, $273.84 ; H. W. and J. C. VanVoorhis, $582.94 ; Geo. Winslow's estate, $189.18; Leavitt Corbett, $192.15; David Faulkner's widow $135.22.

The abolition of the district system marks the close of another epoch in the history of South Maiden, and at this point it may be well to note some of the changes which had occurred during the previous fifty-four years since the establishment of the South District.

One of the most important public works belonging to this period was the construction of the Newburyport Turnpike, which was laid out pursuant to a warrant of the county commissioners dated September 22, 1804. The proprietors were incorporated March 8, 1803. The work of laying out this road extended through the years 1804, 1805, 1806. The portion in South Maiden was laid out and constructed in the two latter years. This road was laid out four rods wide and has so continued to the present time. It covered in part the location of the county road laid out in 1796 to East Maiden. It continued to be operated as a turnpike road until 1852, when it was made a public highway by the county commissioners. In 1856 the boundaries were established by suitable monuments, and it has for more than eighty years constituted one of the important landmarks within our territory, and one of the great arteries of travel. It extends in a straight line northeasterly from Maiden Bridge to near the northerly boundary of Everett, where it turns slightly to the west just before reaching the Maiden line.

no regular places of worship in the south part of Maiden, though for a time before the district was divided. Miss Lambert, a day-school teacher, maintained a Sabbath-school in the old red school-house on the hill, where Mr. Evans' house now stands. In 1847, such was the growth in population and wealth, that the religious needs of the community began to require some local religious organization and service. By the union and co-operation of several members of the different evangelical churches and other benevolent persons residing in South Maiden and Chelsea, a Sabbath -school was opened in the schoolhouse of the Southwest District, on the first Sunday in May, 1847. The first superintendent of this Sunday-school was Deacon Calvin Hosmer, a member of the Baptist Church in Maiden. J. H. Dix was secretary and treasurer, and W. C. Barrett librarian. At the first session thirty-six persons were present, and such was the interest manifested that the|formation of a church began to be seriously considered. For the purpose of trying the experiment for a few months, the hall in the Southwest District was opened for public worship on December 19, 1847, and Rev. J. A. Benton was engaged to supply the pulpit for the first Sabbath. On the evening of March 8, 1848, a number of persons residing in South Maiden, and members of different churches, convened at the house of Mr. Uriah Oakes to consult with reference to the formation of a church, and Uriah Oakes, John Willcutt and Samuel H. Clapp were made a committee to prepare articles of faith and make other needed preparatory arrangements.

The council met the 16th day of March. Among the facts presented for the consideration of this council were the following : Within a radius of one mile from the school-house there dwelt a population of 600, steadily increasing. The Sunday-school, which began with 36 members, then numbered 140, and for the last four Sabbaths the average attendance had been 118. The attendance at the meetings for public worship in the hall had varied from 80 to 240 in the day-time, and from 60 to 200 in the evening, and the increase had been gradual from the beginning, and during the last three Sabbaths the average had been 223. The council voted to proceed with the organization of the church in the evening, the exercises of which were. Reading of results of council; Scriptures by Rev. Mr. Guernsey, of Charlestown ; prayer by Rev. Mr. McClure, of Maiden ; sermon by Dr. Blagden, of Boston ; constituting the church and prayer by Rev. I. F. Langworthy, of Chelsea; fellowship of the churches by Dr. Edward Beecher, of Boston ; and concluding prayer and benediction by Rev. J. A. Benton.

The names of the original members of the church were as follows : Isaac Clapp, Samuel H. Clapp, Uriah Oakes, Nehemiah M. Rider, Wm. Whittemore, Jr., John Willcutt, Eliza A. Baldwin, Harriet Battelle, Elizabeth Blaney, Susan P. Clapp, Rebecca .1.

T. Mansfield, Charlotte Oakes, Sarah Oakes, Elizabeth W. Oliver, Joanna T. Oliver, Lucy B. Oliver, Lucy Pierce, Elizabeth Stimpson, Esther Whittemore, Esther R. Whittemore, Joanna T. Whittemore, Mariah H. Whittemore, Enieline Willcutt, Mary A. Wilson, twenty-four in all. Miss Joanna T. Oliver, whose portrait may be seen in the vestry of the Congregational Church, was one of the earliest pioneers as she was one of the mo.st earnest workers in this field.

This little church met almost uniformly for business, at first at the residence of Mr. Uriah Oakes. March 25, 1848, at the regular busine.ss meeting held at the house of Mr. Oakes, it was voted that this church shall be called the " Winthrop Congregational Church," probably in anticipation of the incorporation of South Maiden as the proposed new town oi Winthrop. Uriah Oakes and John Willcutt were the first deacons, ^ev. J. A. Benton was, on July 19, 1848, unanimously called as acting pastor, iu which position he continued to officiate until November, 1848. Though the period of his ministration was short, he deeply influenced the polity of the church, inasmuch as he was the author of the Confession of Faith and By-laws, which, with some changes in 1871 and 1886, still continue in use. After the departure of Mr. Benton^ the church was for about a year without a regular pastor.

On the 18th of October, 1849, Rev. Francis G. Pratt, of Andover Theological Seminary, pursuant to a call of the church, August 19, 1849, was installed as the fir-st regular pastor of the church, in which position he continued for more than eight years, until April 13, 1858. During his ministry land was purchased for a house of worship, aud the building which the church still occupies, with a seating capacity of about 350, was erected in 1852. It was dedicated 'December 8, 1848, and the first Sabbath services were held in the new church on December 12, 1852, previous to which time the meetings had been maintained in the Southwest District School-house. The house and land cost about $12,000. In securing this Dea. Eliphalet Kimball was a prime mover, and Samuel H. Clapp, James H. Dix, Alonzo H. Evans, Wm. Whittemore, Wm. Baldwin and J. M. Gilford were also prominent in this movement. The pastorate of Mr. Pratt was a prosperous one for the church, many members being added during his ministry.

On the 8th of September, 1859, Rev. James Cruikshanks was installed, pursuant to a call extended to him on the 9th of June, and accepted June 2Gth. The church was far from unanimous in this call, aud during the deliberations of the council there was presented a protest, in behalf of fifty-five members of the church, against the settlement of Mr. Cruikshanks. After listening to both sides, tlie council decided that the proceedings were regular, and they proceeded with the installation. Thereupon sixteen members, having been denied regular letters of dismission, withdrew under the advice of an ex-parte council, and formed the Chapel Congregational Church of South Maiden, of which Rev. L. H. Angler was pastor. They purchased a lot of land and erected a chapel on the site of the present residence of Mr. George C. Stowers, at the coruer of Cottage and Winter Streets, which last street from that fact was for some time called Chapel Street. The new Chapel Congregational Church continued to exist until October, 18(J1, when, after various negotiations^ both that and the Winthrop Congregational Church were disbanded, and reunited in one body as the South Maiden Congregational Church, October 31, 1861. Of this council. Rev. Dr. Blagden, pastor of the Old South Church, of Boston, was moderator. The original cause for the disruption had been removed in the resignation of Rev. Mr. Cruikshanks, which was tendered June 15, 1859. He was dismissed by couucil June 2yth following. The fir.st deacons of the new church were Uriah Oakes, E. P. Foster and George Whittemore. The chapel was burned January 2, 1867.

On April 6, 1862, Rev. Oliver Brown, of Quincy, Mass., became acting pastor, in which position he continued until February 26, 1864, having received January 4, 1864, a vote of thanks for his earnest and successful labors in the interest of peace. On February 26, 1864, a call was extended to Rev. David M. Bean to become pastor, which was accepted March 5th, and on June 28th he was duly installed by a council called for that purpose. During his pastorate occurred a powerful revival, as the result of which there were added to the church July 1, 1866, nineteen individuals, besides numerous others in the course of his ministry. On November 24, 1868, Rev. Mr. Bean was dismissed by couucil. On January 28, 1869, a call was extended by the church to Rev. Albert Bryant, formerly missionary in Turkey, who accepted and was installed March 25, 1869. During his ministry in 1871, the creed and by-laws were revised, and a young people's prayer-meeting was instituted. Mr. Bryant's i)astorate continued until May 13, 1874, when he was dismissed.

On the 4th of August, 1874, a call was extended to Rev. W. J. Batt, which was declined, and in January following, a call was extended to Rev. Webster Hazlewood, who was installed July 7, 1875, resigned February 10, 1876, and was dismissed by council May 4, 1876. From August 1, 1876, until October 17, 1881, Rev. Wm. H. Bolster served as acting pastor, harmonizing the dissensions growing out of the previous pastorate, and leaving the church in a healthy and prosperous condition. From an able historical sermon delivered by Mr. Bolster, November 11, 1877, many of the foregoing particulars are derived.

On the 26th of April, 1882, Rev. George Y. Washburn, a graduate of Andover, who had supplied the pulpit for five months, was ordained and installed. During his ministry large numbers were added to the church, which also prospered in other directions. On July 1, 1883, as the result of a revival, thirty-five were added to the church, twenty-four on profession of faith. A debt of $4000, which had existed since the building of the church in 1852, was extinguished. This desirable result was consummated April 26, 1886. The church has since been newly frescoed in a very tasteful manner by Mr. Everett B. Wilson, a graduate of the Everett grammar school. In 1887 and 1888, especially the latter, there were revivals resulting in numerous additions to the church. The Courtland Street Mission was instituted March 29, 1885, and in (he same year a chapel was erected there by Captain Samuel J. Sewall, one of the public-spirited citizens of Mystic Village.

Mr. William H. Whipple was the first superintendent. Religious services and a Sunday-school have since been maintained there. The whole number in the Sunday-school is 126 ; average, 80. Near the close of Mr. Washburn's pastorate, the church became interested in the Mystic Side Mission, maintained by the Maiden and Everett Congregational Churches, through the Mystic Side Congregational Union, organized March 28, 1889. Under the auspices of this association a Sunday-school was opened March 31, 1889, in a room formerly occupied as a grocery-store, at the corner of Main and Woodville Streets, Everett. The membership has increased from 61 to 190, with an average attendance of 130 in the spring of 1890. The Union has purchased 34,000 feet of laud ou Willis Avenue, with a view to erecting a house of worship. The superintendent is James M. Morey, of Maiden.

Mr. Washburn closed his labors in April, 1889. During his pastorate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the re-union of the Winthrop and Chapel Churches was appropriately commemorated, October 31, 1886) on which occasion Mr. Washburn delivered a very interesting historical sermon.

Rev. Eddy T. Pitts was called to the pastorate July 30, 1889, and, having accepted the call, commenced his labors on Sunday, September 1, 1889, and still continues in this position. The membership of the church in October, 1889, was 258, as compared with 145 in 1879. The number in the Sunday-school in April, 1890, was 410, as compared with 230 in 1879. The number of volumes in the Sunday school library in April, 1890, was 374. The receipts of the society during the year 1889-90 were $3096.14; the expenditures $3,080.57.

The account of the Congregational Church has carried us far beyond the period under notice at the time of its institution. Returning now to the period prior to the abolition of the district system, a few facts require mention. Some time after the establishment of the Fire Department in Maiden, an engine was procured and an engine-house built in South Maiden in 1847. The first fire-engine was a common handengine, named " General Taylor," in honor of the hero of the Mexican War, then freshly wearing the laurels of victory. This continued in use as the only engine iu South Maiden and Everett until 1878. The engine-house erected in 1847 was partially destroyed by fire in 1860, when it was sold and removed to the lot next southwest of Whittier's store, where it still stands, remodeled into a dwelling-house. The present engine-house, about to be abandoned, was erected in 1860, and the engine-house lot was at the same time enlarged.

Woodlawn Cemetery, occupying .about one hundred acres, iu the east part of Everett, besides seventysix acres more, owned by the corporation, was organized August 31, 1850. The grounds were consecrated July 2, 1851 ; the corporation confirmed and established April, 1855. The first interment was made on the evening of July lat, next preceding the consecration. The whole number of interments to June 1, 1856, was nine hundred and forty-eight.

The order of exercises at the consecration consisted of music, reading of the Scriptures, by Rev. T. P. Langworthy, prayer by Rev. Wm. I. Buddington, original hymn by Rev. J. H. Clinch, of Boston, ad. dress by Rev. Geo. E. Ellis, of Charletown, hymn by Henry W. Fuller, Esq., prayer and benediction by Levi Fuller.

Mr. Henry W. Fuller was connected with the cemetery from its origin to his death, August 14, 1889, and to make it what it is may be said to have been his life-work, and the cemetery is his most enduring monument.

Woodlawn is one of the most tastefully adorned cemeteries in the suburbs of Boston, and does lasting honor to the elegant taste of Mr. Fuller. It embraces an area of about one hundred acres between Elm and Fuller Streets. The corporation has made repeated attempts to procure from the town leave to bury in an adjoining tract of land containing about seventy-six acres, known as the Corbett farm, purchased by the corporation in 1868, but heretofore without success. The number of interments in Woodlawn Cemetery to January 1, 1879, was 11,459, and the total to April 25, 1890, was 19,187.

The town has during the present year laid out a tract of land of about twelve acres between Fuller street and Woodlawn as a burial-ground, to be called Glenwood Cemetery.

A new road to Chelsea, now known as Second Street, was laid out by the county commissioners in 1852, and was built in 1854, at a cost of $5279.89.

A post-office was established in South Maiden, and Solomon Corey, father of the late incumbent, was appointed the first postmaster, January 17, 1852. The first post-office was established, and was for several years kept in the store of Mr. Uriah Oakes, at the corner of Chelsea Street and Broadway, now occupied as a fruit store. In 1857, James H. Dix succeeded Mr. Corey, and removed the post-office to the store now occupied by Whittier Brothers. Mr. Dix continued to be postmaster during 1857 and a part of 1858, and was in 1858 succeeded by George W. Chase, who served until June 10, 1859, wlien David N. Badger was appointed, and continued in the office until about January 1, 1865, when he was succeeded by Joseph Gerrish, who was postmaster from 1865 to 1869. David N. Badger was then reappointed, and served until November 7, 1871, when George E. Kimball was appointed as the first postmaster of Everett proper, in which position he remained until July 25, 1872.

Before the erection of the Masonic Building, Mr. Badger had kept the post-office in his building on Broadway (the old engine-house reconstructed), next southwest of Whittier's store. The post-office was removed to the Masonic Building in the fall of 1871. Shortly after Mr. Kimball's appointment several improvements' were introduced. Two daily mails were established instead of one, as had formerly been the case, and letter-boxes were provided. Mr. Kimball having removed to Chelsea, Dr. James B. Everett was appointed postmaster July 25, 1872, having been the acting postmaster for several months prior to that dale.

He continued in service until April 6, 1886. In 1876 Mr. Kimball again returned to Everett, and as assistant postmaster was connected with the office during the remainder of Dr. Everett's term. The postal service during this period was greatly extended and improved. Everett was made a money-order office in 1879. Shortly afterwards, in the same year, an additional daily mail was established, making three daily. A telephone was connected with the office in 1880. A Sunday mail was established early in 1881. A telegraph office was opened November 6, 1882. In 1884 it became an international money-order office. On the 6th of April, 1886, Columbus Corey, son of the first postmaster, succeeded Dr. Everett. The office up to this time had been kept in Dr. Everett's drug-store, but on the appointment of Mr. Corey a new office, with suitable appointments, was fitted up also in the Masonic Building, separate from any other place of business, a change which had become imperative owing to the growth of the business. In the thirty-eight years which have elapsed since the establishment of the post-oflice, the business h.is shown a wonderful increase. This is indicated by the increase in the compensation of the postmaster from $53.90 in 1853 to .$141.66 in 1863, $430 in 1873, and $1200 in 1882, when it became a Presidential office. The business of the post-office for the year ending March 31, 1890, amounted to $5602.82, and the compensation of the postmaster to $1700. On the 1st day of June, 1890, Mr. Corey was succeeded by Mr. Charles Manser, who had been designated as the choice of the majority of the Kepublicans by a caucus held in Everett Hull, April 21, 1890. On July 1, 1890, another daily mail was established, making four every week-day. A free postal delivery was established Nov. 1, 1890, the houses having been numbered pursuant to a vote of the town adopted in March, 1890. Through the kindness of Postmaster Corey the following interesting facts, relating to the growth of the business during his term of service, have been furnished :

A large part of South Maldep, or Mystic side, was originally laid out in small lots of five and ten acres each. The greatest admirer of the system of peasant proprietors could ask for nothing better ; but in the course of two centuries, these holdings, too small to aflbrd the owners a livelihood, had one by one been absorbed by large landed proprietors until nearly the whole area of South Maiden was divided among a small number of large farms, several of them exceeding 100 acres each.

About the year 1845 these large tracts began to be cut up and sub-divided, and laid out into house-lots, and during the twelve years from 1845 to 1857, no less than twenty-five large and important tracts of land were thus surveyed and placed upon the market in lots desirable for building purposes. Among these we may mention the Daniel Waters estate in 1845; the Winnisimmet Company's land in 1846 ; the former farm of Jonathan Oakes, on Belmont Hill, and the farm of Timothy Clapp, in 1850; the Belmont lands and the estate of Jonathan Oakes' heirs, on School Street, in 1852; the Lynde farm in 1854; Mount Washington and the Samuel Pierce farm, on both sides of Bradford Street, in 1856. The opening of these large tract? to settlement had no small influence in promoting the subsequent increase in population and wealth.

The period just then beginning opened up several imjiortant facilities for public travel. The Eastern Railroad and the Saugus Branch were both opened in 1854, and communication by street railway with Boston was opened in 1858; one line of cars running up Main Street to Maiden, operated by the Maiden & Melrose Railroad Co., afterwards leased to the Middlesex Railroad Co., incorporated June 6, 1856 ; and another line up School Street and Broadway and through Summer Street to Woodlawnand Cliftondale, operated by the Cliftondale Railroad Co., incorporated April 1, 1859. In the course of a few years later they made half-hourly trips during the day, and hourly trips until late in the evening, and the fare to Maiden was ten cents. The last-named route was abandoned many years ago.

During the preceding half-century the tolls on Maiden Bridge had been materially reduced, but the tolls levied upon travelers upon that and the Warren and Charles River Bridges still constituted a serious incumbrance upon public travel. The two latter bridges were made free April 30, 1858. One of the most im[)ortant events as regards the growth of South Maiden was the abolition of tolls on Maiden Bridge, which was laid out as a public highway, free from tolls, -April 1, 1859. The significance of this event was not misunderstood by the inhabitants of South Maiden, and the day was observed with great rejoicings. The town bells were rnng, and a detachment of the Charlestown Artillery fired a national salute at morning, noon, evening and at eleven o'clock. A procession, headed by Captain Stephen Stimpson as chief marshal, followed by a cavalcade of prominent citizens on horseback (among them Hon. Alonzo H. Evans and Deacon Calvin Hosmer), escorting the selectmen of the town in a barouche, drawn by four white horses, with the Maiden Brass Band, the General Taylor Engine Company, and the children of the public schools in several vehicles, and others, proceeded across the bridge with flags Hying, as far as Charlestown Square and back again to South Maiden, where they partook of a bountiful collation, and listened to patriotic addresses in the afternoon.

At the outbreak of the war thirty-seven of the citizens of South Maiden responded to their country's call, but until the organization of a Grand Army Post here the record of their names and deeds was never brought together, and is even now imperfect, though the most important facts so far as known are given below.

Previous to 1883 there was no Grand Army Post at Everett, partly owing to the fact that Everett was not a distinct municipality until several years after the war. In the spring of 1883 a few of the veterans conceived the idea of organizing a post. On canvassing the town it was found that fifty or sixty old soldiers were at that time residents of Everett. The post was formally instituted on Thursday evening, June 14,

The name of James A. Perkins Post was adopted in honor of Lieut. James Amory Perkins, of the Twentyfourth Massachusetts Volunteers, a gallant and efficient officer, who was killed in an assault upon Fort Wagner on Morris Island, August 16, 1863, at the early age of twenty-seven years.

the relief of old soldiers and sailors and their families, whether members of the organization or not, and it now amounts to a considerable sum. In the spring of 1889 the Post leased its present quarters on the third floor of Plaisted's Block. The membershij) in April, 1890, amounted to nearly ninety. It annually observes Memorial Day with appropriate ceremonies, and from an eloquent address by the adjutant of the post. Comrade Andrew J. Bennett, delivered on Sunday afternoon. May 29, 1887, a few extracts are given, with some additions giving such particulars as can be obtained in reference to the men of South Maiden who offered themselves on the altar of their country during the Civil War.

" Roll of Honor op South Malden, 1861-1865. These are the names of patriots who have passed over to the majority : Robert Atkins, Third Iowa, who left a peaceful home, never in the flesh to return.

James M. Baldwin, First Massachusetts Cavalry ; Harry H. Currier, Forty-fourth Massachusetts; Hugh L. Currier, Forty-fourth Massachusetts. Well I knew these in the old days, in the decade before the struggle ; in the sunshine of youth, before we dreamed that any occasion would present itself in their lives to make them heroes.

Edward E. Clapp, Pennsylvania Infantry, who fell at Spottsylvania in 1862 ; one whose life, yielded up at the demand of his country, had given the promise of large usefulness. " He had that line fibre of manhood which is better than genius.'' Rest, beloved son j and attectionate brother ; soldier of the Republic, faithful unto death, rest !

Charles Dean, Sr., morocco dresser, died at Soldiers' Home, Chelsea, May 27, 1887; Hervey Dix, Third Iowa, who fell in 1861, in a victorious engagement at Kirksville, Missouri, whose last words were, "The Third Iowa never surrenders." The lyric muse has chanted his dirge in a requiem dedicated to his regiment. His familiar form, I doubt not, is present to the mind's eye of those who knew him.

Stephen Emerson, theological student, graduate of Harvard College, First Massachusetts Infantry, killed at Chancellorsville, May 5, 1863. Had this youth returned, he might, perhaps, have been our Laureate. At the call to arms he doffed his college gown, girt on his armor, went to the front and died like a hero. " Greater love hath no man than this, that he lay down his life for his friends."

Jose|)h P. Emmons, brickmaker, about twenty-two years old, a former Maiden school-boy, died at Andersonville. Company I, D. 0. Cavalry, and afterwards Company G, First Maine Cavalry; Wm. H. Faber, rope-maker, Nineteenth Massachusetts ; an old Maiden school-boy. Some of you will remember when the flag was at half-mast in this village, in 1864, his death having been reported. He recovered, returned and died at home.

Jesse Lincoln, Thirty-fifth Massachusetts ; a smoothfaced boy. His comrade relates that one morning when his company was moving out to the front, and Jesse, weak and debiliated, had been ordered by the surgeon to remain in camp, he persisted in following; " Bob looks 80 lonesome, going off without me,'' said the boy.

Joseph Spooner, First Massachusetts ; type of stalwart New England stock, grandsoldier of the glorious First Massachusetts, whom Hooker led and Cudworth loved, who was in all the campaigns from the baptismal battle of Bhickburn's Ford, in July, 1861, till one day in 1864, when the survivors stood before our war Governor, who characterized them as " War-worn and scar- worn veterans."

John Spooner, Forty-fifth Massachusetts. Younger brother of the preceding. Somewhere along the broken line, where the waters of the Gulf beat against the coast of the Lone Star State, he found a grave.

Augustus S. Stimpson, First Massachusetts Cavalry. He was a fireman, as was his comrade. Lord. The circumstances of this man's life, before he became a soldier, from week to week, and month to month, made him familiar with danger,

William Whitteniore, Forty-fourth Massachusetts. We could not think of him as dead ; it seemed as though at any time we might see him approaching us, with the smile of greeting in his eyes."

It is to be hoped that a suitable monument may be erected in our new town cemetery to the soldiers who fell during the. War of the Rebellion.

The Universalist Society, the second religious society in South Maiden of those now existing, was formed in 1865. As near as can be ascertained, religious services began to be held by them in 1864, but the earliest record of any meeting for business is under date of March 28, 1865, at Badger's Hall. This meeting was called to order by Wilson Quint. William Johnson was made chairman and K. M. Barnard clerk. A committee consisting of Messrs. Quint,

Lewis and Barnard was appointed to make arrangements with Rev. B. K. Russ, of Somerville, to preach for one year as a supply. The society continued to worship in Badger's Hall until September, 1872, their principal ministers being Rev. T. J. Greenwood, Dr. A. A. Miner, Rev. H. J. Cushman, Rev. L. L. Briggs, Rev. A. J. Canfield, Rev. W. H. Cudworth and Rev. W. H. Rider, then a theological student. Just before the incorporation of the town they completed their organization as a religious society, July 8, 1869, the petitioners for this purpose being William Johnson, Anthony Waterman, J. D. Bean, H. M. Currier, David N. Badger, James Pickering, Thomas Leavitt, Elisha B. Loring, Elisha A. Loring, Francis B. Wallis, Thomas Lewis, Adams B. Cook, R. M. Barnard, Philip Ham.

Shortly afterlthelincorporation of the town, a movement was commenced for building a church, and on May 22, 1871, it was voted to commence building when subscriptions reached 13000. On the 24th of September, 1871, a building committee was chosen, consisting of Anthony Waterman, Elisha B. Loring and R. M. Barnard. On the 19th of October, 1871, the committee was instructed to commence. The lot at the corner of Summer Street and Broadway was purchased, and the corner-stone laid May 14, 1872. The first religious service was held in the vestry June 22, 1872, and the building was formaliy dedicated Wednesday, September 25, 1872, and the first religious service in the new church was held on the Sunday following. This church was remodeled in 1889, and re-dedicated January 17, 1890, with appropriate ceremonies.

The first superintendent of the Universalist Sunday-school was Mr. Wilson Quint, who was succeeded by J. D. Bean, Mr. Philip Ham, Isaac E. Coburn, Rev. R. P. Bush, September 10, 1888, and Mr. A. J. Bennett. The Sunday-school has increased from 150 in 1879. to 227 in the spring of 1890. The Sundayschool library contains 550 volumes. The imlpit continued to be occupied by preachers settled in neighboring towns, principally Rev. Warren H. Cudworth, until December 1, 1879, when R. Perry Bush, then a student in the divinity school at Tufts College, was engaged its a stated supply until April 14, 1880, when he was unanimously called as pastor, and was installed June 13, 1880.

The original cost of the building and land was $10,000, and it had a seating capacity of upwards of 200, which by the remodeling was increased to about 400, at a cost of $9000. It is adorned with memorial windows, the gift of R. M. Barnard and Henry Schrow. The architects of the remodeled building were Messrs. Brigham and Spofl!brd.

In 1866 two new school-houses were erected, one on Thorndike Street and the other on Ferry Street, at a cost of about $8500, finished and furnished. Schools were opened in the lower story of both buildings in the spring of 1867, the upper stories being left uiifin- ished until some years later. Both of these buildings have since been sold. In 1868 a school-house was also erected on Hancock Street at the corner of Hanson Street, costing for building and land $2165.61. The first school in this building was establislied in the spring of 1869. This school was discontinued in November, 1874, and the land and building sold at auction for !?1341.17, in 1875.

On July 15, 1867, a Sunday-school was organized in the Glendale District by members of the Young Men's Christian Association of Maiden, which resulted January 1, 1870, in the organization of the Glen- - lale Union Christian Society, with twelve members, which purchased the lot of land on which the Glendale Chapel now stands, August 1, 1872, for $672. In 1882 a movement was inaugurated for building a house of worship; the corner-stone was laid July 6, 1882, and the completed edifice was dedicated October 11, 1882, the sermon being preached by Rev. W. F. Mallalieu. The cost of the building and land was about $2700. A Sunday-school was maintained there and also occasional religious services until 1888, when, these having been discontinued, the chapel was leased to the First Baptist Church in Everett, which, on December 16, 1888, opened a Mission Sunday-school there, which h.ad a membership of 126 in December, 1889. The number of volumes in the Sunday-school library is about 300.

The only other organization antedating the incorjioration of the town is that of the Palestine Lodge of Free Masons, which originated in a meeting held September 23, 18G8, at which permission was asked of the Mt. Vernon Lodge of Maiden to form a lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in South Maiden, and Palestine was the name agreed upon for the new lodge. The petition, signed by 14 members of Mt. Vernon Lodge was granted at the regular communication of Mt. Vernon Lodge held December 3, 1868. The dispensation was granted December 8, 1868, by Charles C. Dane, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. The (irand Master appointed George W. Pierce, Master; Henry L. Chase, Senior Warden, and Alfred Tufts Junior Warden. The first regular communication of the Palestine Lodge was held in the engine-house ball, January 14, 1869, at which the organization was completed, as follows : Treasurer, Thomas Leavitt ; Secretary, James P. Stewart; Senior Deacon, J. Franklin Wakefield; Junior Deacon, Philip Ham; Senior Steward, John G. Berry; Junior Steward, Al bert W. Lewis; Inside Sentinel, Benjamin Corey; Marshal, Stephen A. Stimpson; Tyler, Thomas Leavitt; Chaplain, James Skinner.

The charter members were George W. Pierce, Henry L. Chase, Alfred Tufts, Thomas Leavitt, James P. Stewart, J. Franklin Wakefield, Philip Ham, Stephen A. Stimpson, Benjamin Corey, Albert W. Lewis,

Henry W. Van Voorhis, John C. Van Voorhis, Peter Hanson and John G. Berry, the same who petitioned lor the dispensation. But four of these, Messrs. Leavitt, Lewis, Stewart and Ham, still remain members ; Messrs. Pierce, Tufts, Wakefield, Hanson and Stimpson have died, and Brothers Chase, H. W. and J. C. Van Voorhis, Corey and Berry have withdrawn. The lodge was formally constituted December 22, 1869, by Grand Master William Sewall Gardner, and suite, and the first board of officers was installed at the same meeting. The lodge continued to hold its meetings at engine-house hall until the spring of 1872. The need of a building, both for their own and town purposes, was apparent, and the action of the town in postponing the ereetion.of a town hall suggested the idea of erecting a building suitable both for town and lodge purposes. As the result, the Masonic Building, at the corner of Broadway and Chelsea Streets was commenced in October, 1870, completed in 1871, and enlarged in 1872. The lodge moved to their new hall in the spring of 1872, and the same was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies on Tuesday evening, June 11th, in the same year, by Grand Master Sereno D. Nickerson, of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. The Masters of the lodge have been as follows: George W. Pierce, 1869-70-71-72; Chas. n. Stearns, 1873-74 ; Charles F. At wood, 1875-76; Philip Ham, 1877-78 ; Columbus Corey, 1879-80 ; Nathan Nichols, 1881-82; John F. Nichols, Jr., 1883-84; James A. Wallace, 1885-86; Francis A. Dyer, 1887-88; George W. Whittemore, 1889-90. There have been admitted in all 165 members, of whom eleven have died, thirty-four have been dismissed, and fifteen excluded.

With all these developments of local life, the agitation for incorporation as a separate town, which had slumbered since 1857, revived in full force. In the autumn of 1867 petitions were circulated, and, having obtained numerous signers, were presented in the next General Court. The first was that of Hawes Atwood and sixty-two others, presented by Mr. Hughes, of Somerville, in the House on Jan. 10, 1868, for the incorporation of South Maiden as a new town. Remonstrances were also presented. The attempt was unsuccessful, and on the 25th of February, 1868, the committee on towns reported reference to the next General Court, which, on the 27th of February, was accepted.

At the next session the eflbrt was renewed, the petition of Hawes Atwood and others being taken from the files of the previous year and referred to the Committee on Towns. January 18, 1869, several additional petitions were also filed with some remonstrances. March 16th the committee again reported leave to withdraw, but a minority dissented and reported a substitute bill. On the 19th day of March, the report coming up for consideration, a substitute bill incorporating the town was moved by Mr. Goodspeed, of Athol, on behalf of the minority of the Com- mittee on Towns. This bill was debated on two successive days, and on March 25th was rejected by a tie vote of 67 to 67, and on the same day the report was accepted, 69 to 67. On the 26th of March reconsideration was moved, and the matter was again debated on March 30, 1869, when the motion to reconsider was rejected by a tie vote of 101 to 101. After this the report was accepted, thus ending the struggle for that year. The name of Winthrop having already been appropriated by another town, it became necessary to substitute some other name for the proposed new town, and Everett was selected at a meeting held at the Congregationalist vestry. The vote of the town of Maiden to purchase the franchise of the Spot Pond Water Company, thus incurring a heavy water debt, furnished another argument to the petitioners for separation in the struggle of 1870.

At the next session of the Legislature in 1870, there were two projects before the General Court - one on petition of E. S. Converse and others to annex the whole of Maiden to Boston, on which leave to withdraw was reported ; another, a petition to incorporate the town of Everett. Petitions came in more numerously than before, there being some 309 petitioners against 66 remonstrants. The committee, of which William Cogswell, now member of Congress, was chairman, reported leave to withdraw February 14, 1870, but a minority dissented and reported a substitute bill, and on February 23d the motion to substitute the bill was debated the remainder of that day and a part of the next, when the bill was substituted - yeas, 126; nays not counted. The next day, on ordering the bill to a third reading, the vote stood: yeas, 130 ; nays, 69. Among the distinguished names recorded in favor of the division were those of T. H. Sweetser, J. E. Fitzgerald, B. F. Mills, Bushrod Morse, G. H. Ruffin, C. R. Train and A. J. Waterman (both of the last afterwards attorney-generals) ; and on the other side, General William Cogswell, A, W. Beard (late State treasurer, and now collector), Selwyn Z. Bowman (afterwards member of Congress), T. C. Hurd (clerk of courts of Middlesex County), and J. K. Tarbox (afterwards member of Congress).

The bill was engrossed in the House, February 26th, and sent to the Senate, where, after passing through prior stages, it was, on the 3d day of March, ordered to a third reading, 216 yeas to ten nays, among the yeas being Messrs. George M. Buttrick, (now a resident of Everett), C. R. Ladd (afterwards auditor) and Patrick A. Collins (late member of Congress). The bill was engrossed in the Senate on the following day, and on March 9th it was euactjed in both Houses and signed by the Governor.

The achievement of this victory after so protracted a struggle was signalized by great rejoicings in Everett. On the evening of the day on which the bill was signed the people gathered in the [lublic square and in the vestry of the Congregational Church ; speeches of congratulation were delivered, and a salute of 100 guns fired.

with other demonstrations of rejoicing. In May the organization of the new town was celebrated by a sumptuous collation under one of Yale's largest tents, in which some six hundred persons participated. Alonzo H. Evans presided, and, after a short address of welcome, read letters from the Governor of Massachusetts, the mayor of Boston and other distinguished persons. Interesting speeches were also made by Lieut.-Colonel Parker, Rev. Albert Bryant, Patrick A. Collins, A. O. Brewster ?.nd others. Among those prominent in the contest for the incorporation of the new town were A. H. Evans, Hawes Atwood, William .lohnson, Anthony Waterman, Stephen H. Kimball, V Henry S. Whitmore, Columbus Corey, William E. Titcomb and Thomas Leavitt.

The first town-meeting warrant was issued by James G. Foster, justice of the peace, March 9, 1870, and the first town-meeting was held March 21, 1870, in the vestry of the Congregationalist Church, where the town-meetings continued to be held during the first year after the town was incorporated. At this townmeeting Alonzo H. Evans was chosen moderator, 9 Joseph H. Cannell, clerk, by 119 votes over J. F. Wakefield, who had 104 votes, Mr. Cannell having served by successive re-elections to the present time. Hawes Atwood cast the first vote. Hawes Atwood, A. H. Evans, Columbus Corey, Anthony Waterman and Elisha B. Loring were appointed a committee on the division of debts, public property, etc., with Maiden. It was voted to have five selectmen, and the first board elected, who were also overseers of the poor, consisted of Henry W. Van Voorhis, Wm. H. Lounsbury, Elisha B. Loring, George W. Peirce and P. Richmond Pratt. Of these, George W. Peirce and Elisha B. Loring have since deceased. Mr. Loring had filled many places of trust in the parent town of Maiden, and served by successive re-elections until March, 1876. He died February 21, 1890, after living to an advanced age, universally trusted aud respected. James G. Foster, Wm. Johnson and Otis Merriam were elected assessors. Daniel Emmons was chosen treasurer, by 116 votes to 104 for P. P. P. Ware, and served by successive re-elections until January 1, 1880. For School Committee, George S. Marshall and Charles F. Atwood were elected for three years ; J. H. Whitman and Wilson Quint for two years, and James G. Foster and II. M. Currier for one year. Mr. Quint declined to serve on the School Committee, and the joint convention of selectmen and School Committee elected Dr. J. F. Wakefield.

Solomon Shute, Benjamin Corey, E. B. Edmester, Thomas Leavitt, George Sargent and Timothy Murphy were elected constables. The number of ballots cast at the first town-meeting was 232. A code of by-laws was adopted May 17, 1870. The first auditors, chosen November 8, 1870, were Columbus Corey and Joseph H. Cannell.

1870, was 414 ; the number of acres of land taxed, 1959, or about 120 acres greater than it is at present, 120 acres west of Maiden River having been set off to Medford in 1875; the number of children between five and fifteen years of age, 432.

In the division of the town property, the town of Everett received all the real estate located within its limits, with some personal property, valued in all at $37,606.99, and in consideration of same, it assumed $38,500.00 of the debt of the old town. As showing the changes in the rates of interest, it may be remarked that the first loan procured by the town of Everett bore seven per cent, interest, and this rate was paid for several years. By the report made to the secretary of the Board of Agriculture, by the town clerk, October 17, 1870, it appears that there were at that time twenty-six miles of streets, four having been laid out and accepted the first year, viz. : Lincoln Street, Fremont Avenue, Garland Street, and Oak Street, now called Central Avenue.

The school accommodations of the town at that time consisted of the old Centre School-house, with two small rooms and one large one ; the Glendale School-house, with two small rooms, and the Hancock Street, Ferry Street and Thorndike Street School-houses, jyith one finished room each.

Among the first things that came up for consideration by the new town, was that of providing a Town- House, which was indefinitely postponed ; the proposed alterations in the old Centre School-house met the same fate. At a town-meeting held January 11, 1871, it was voted to lease the hall and offices in the Masonic building for town purposes. The first town-meeting in Everett Hall was held March 28,

The incorporation of the town gave a marked impetus to all kinds of local improvement. Several additional tracts of land were laid out into houselots, and opened to settlement, and the increase in population and wealth the first five years was very rapid, the population increasing from 2220 in 1870, to 3651 in 1875, and the valuation from $1,736,379.00 to $4,404,650.00.

Nor was it in material growth only that this prosperity was manifested. Two religious societies, the Baptist and Methodist, came into existence within the first two years after the town was incorporated. The Methodist Church originated in a class-meeting held at the house of Joseph Ladd, April 12, 1870. The society was formally organized SS-iii

October 11, 1870, and ground was broken for their church on the same day. The church had sixteen constituent members. The first pastor was Rev. W. F. Mallalieu, D.D. The corner-stone of the new edifice was laid December 19, 1870, and the completed structure was dedicated May 24, 1871, the cost of the building and land being $14,000. Rev. William Cheney was pastor from April, 1871, until April, 1872; Rev. Edward W. Virgin from April, 1872, to April, 1875 ; Rev. Edward P. King from April, 1875, to April, 1878 ; Rev. Edward R. Thorndike from April, 1878, to April, 1881 ; Rev. Thomas Corwin Watkins from April, 1881, to April, 1884; Rev. J. W. Dearborn from April, 1884, to April, 1887; Rev. F. T. Pomeroy from April, 1887, to April, 1890, and Rev. Charles Young from April, 1890, to date.

The Sunday-school, which numbered in April, 1890, 352, as compared with 198 in 1879, was organized May 28, 1871. Charles W. Johnson was the first superintendent, and served four years. The parsonage was built in 1875. The membership of the church in April, 1890, was 218 and 14 probationers, as compared with 128 members and 14 probationers in 1879. The church was seated with pews in place of settees, which had been previously used, in 1880, at a cost of $500. The number of volumes in the Sunday-school library is 500. The total amount of money raised for church expenses from the date of organization has been $35,000.