Fitchburg City (part 3 of 8)

Alfred G. Gruener

While this community naturally takes pride in its old-established business houses, and points with credit to the men who have successfully developed them, there is also in a publicspirited place a vast amount of gratification in knowing that outside capital Is attracted here, and that men of experience In other cities believe there Is a favorable field in Fitchburg - for Fitchburg citizens generally look forward not only to the continued prosperity of this city, but to its greater advancement and progress, and like to have that belief shared by others.

Farm tools, agricultural implements, and all the accessories used by tillers of the soil are shown here, in the makes that have a national reputation for serviceability and workmanship, the capacious store on Main street being heavily stocked, and a two-story building on Morris street, and two basements used for heavy goods and surplus stock.

Mr. Gruener was in the hardware business in New Haven for twentytwo years, and after working for one firm for years, became part owner in the W. A. Warner & Bro. Co. The ability and experience which gained him this advancement in New Haven have been put in effect in his proprietorship of this Fitchburg store, and beside retaining the old patrons of the Lawrence concern, he is adding many new ones, and gaining credit for increasing the business.

Mr. Gruener is considered a most desirable acquisition to Fitchburg's mercantile circles, and our city is pleased to have a field which attracts able business men of his calibre.

Douglas Hair Store

Years ago - though it is not such a long time but what most of us can remember it - very few people patronized a hairdresser or manicurist. Now there are few people who do not, parfor the past eleven years, and in that time there has been a consistent increase of business, for the workmanship of the house is well-known, and more and more people have recognized the ability with which It performs its operations.

All kinds of hair work are done here, and this company is the only one in Fitchburg which manufactures hair, making to order wigs, rolls and all separate pieces that may be needed to build up the wearer's own growth.

Wigs for theatrical wear are made here, and other theatrical supplies dealt in. A number of hair preparations are made by this company, and toilet waters, creams, etc., are carried in a well-selected stock.

Manicuring is another specialty, and all the equipment for the best work in this line is used, and skilled workers are employed. The store is conveniently fitted with apartments where each customer may be exclusively attended to. and for the services performed particularly reasonable rates only are charged.

R. D. Douglas, the proprietor, has been in this business for some twentyfive years, and learned his trade in his native country, England. He has been for some years in the States, and was a resident of Haverhill before coming to Fitchburg. He was employed in this city for two years, but in 1900 became established for himself, rapidly coming to the front in his profession, and being known as one of the most able and proficient hair workers in this section.

But this garage, conducted by the Fitchburg Auto Co., has also received commendation from local patrons, for the work that is performed by its mechanics is recognized as the most efficient that is done in this line. Owners of cars are much more careful nowadays than they were when automobiling first became popular, and if repairs of any sort are needed, they want to be sure that men who understand their business are going to attend to them.

It is admitted by local motorists that in its particular field the Fitchburg Auto Co. is the most skilled and thorough. Repairing, reassembling, tire setting or engine work is all done by men competent in their line, and every equipment to facilitate operations is at hand.

This company has invented or improved machinery to attend to repair work, conducts a vulcanizing department, and has complete facilities for battery charging. All kinds of automobile furnishings and accessories are handled, and the company has an extensive and commodious building where forty cars may be housed without encroaching upon the repair or machine room, office or ladies' dressing room.

This company also has the agency for the Buick, and any one of ten models made by the Buick company may be secured here. The car is one of the best known on the market, has constantly won speed and endurance tests, and is made as handsomely and as perfectly as much higher-priced cars. The Buick can be purchased in different models from five hundred and fifty to twenty-two hundred and fifty dollars, and any model gives for the money as lasting satisfaction as any machine in this country.

The Fitchburg Auto Co. was organized several years ago, but has been under the sole proprietorship of P. F. Connors since the first of this year. Mr. Connors has been in this garage for four years, and is one of the men who entered the automobile field through natural channels. He is an expert machinist who came to Fitchburg nine years ago, after fifteen years' experience in some of the best shops In the country, among them the Waltham Watch Co.'s factory. In this city he has been with some of the leading manufacturers.

He employs from seven to fifteen men, and though all are able mechanics, Mr. Connors supervises all operations, and every job must come up to the high standard that he demands.

The Fitchburg Auto Co. is one of the leading concerns in our city, and Mr. Connors is constantly extending Its patronage and reputation, and reaping commendation for the concern and himself.

Though it is usual to think of business men located in the center of the city as those who have the largest trade and most extensive capacities, a review of Fitchburg's enterprises discloses the fact that some of the most substantial successes have been achieved by tradesmen who are located in different sections of the city, away from what is generally regarded as the commercial district.

The establishment of L. D. Burdo, the grocer and marketman at 249-251 River street, is one of the most complete and extensive in Fitchburg, and has been continually developed in the twenty-two years that Mr. Burdo has been connected with it.

Mr. Burdo was first located on Kimball street, where a comparatively small store was occupied, and the patronage was in proportion to the premises and facilities. There was, however, a continual expansion in trade, so that larger quarters were needed, and the property on River street was purchased, and the present fine building erected.

Since taking the occupancy of this block some sixteen years ago, additions and improvements have been made so that the firm is numbered among the soundest and largest of its class in the city.

Virtually two complete businesses are combined, one part of the store being devoted to the grocery, and the other part to the market. In this latter Score one of the largest and best liPcs of meats that is shown anywhere In this section is handled in great quantity, fresh daily; while canned goods, provisions and vegetables are in the list of commodities dealt in.

Staple and fancy groceries are displayed in all guaranteed makes and brands in the portion of the building that is allowed for this part of the trade, and there is nothing in prepared or uncooked foods that is desired by housekeepers that may not be found at Burdo's in all the assortments that the wholesale markets afford.

Air-tight compartments, modern fixtures and up-to-date arrangements and methods are parts of the equipment and policy of this concern, whose success has been gained by giving the public a square deal, and providing it with the goods and prices that insure satisfaction. A frontage of fifty feet gives the concern one of the most attractive exteriors in this city. Four people are employed, and two teams kept in commission.

The first of February, this year, Mr. Burdo instituted another enterprise, when he engaged in the retail coal business, adding sheds and yard on River street opposite the Orswell mills, and putting in the best-known brands of anthracite coal. This business started off most auspiciously, and with Mr. Burdo's well-known energy and sagacity to direct it, there is little doubt that his success in the meat and grocery business will be duplicated in the coal trade.

Mr. Burdo is a property owner and public-spirited citizen, and is regarded as a leading business man and representative member of this community.

Mansfield Flower Shop

It often happens that when a business changes hands it deteriorates, but this can not be said of the flower salesroom formerly conducted under the present name but different proprietorship.

This flower shop at 5 Putnam street in the Johnsonia building, is one of the oldest as well as the largest in the city of Fitchburg, and the present fine quarters offer all the conveniences needed in the most up-to-date store. It is the headquarters for funeral designs, and emblems and frames are shown upon which are constructed the most beautiful fioral pieces; harmonious colors and fresh-cut flowers are used, so that the memorial will remain fragrant and beautiful to the last possible moment.

The Flower Shop Is also the leading decorator in this section, and for public events, weddings or social occasions, its services are generally in demand, providing flowers necessary for such events, and the artistic designs and appropriate effects produced are approved by people of taste. All the blossoms in season are carried in assortment, and the transient customer desiring a nosegay, boutonniere or elaborate bouquet, will be satisfied at this store.

C. A. Lesure, the present proprietor, bought the retail end of the Mansfield flower business, and from the start has met with great success. The good-will of the business has also been acquired by retaining the name of the old firm, which is a valuable asset, and gives prestige to Mr. Lesure. He keeps the place more heavily stocked than ever before, and in order to give his customers the best and freshest flowers, he has recently arranged to get the bulk of his goods fresh from Boston, every day.

Mr. Lesure was formerly employed by his brothers in the Palace Steam laundry, and has lived in the city seven years. In that time he has formed a large circle of friends, and is most popular among the fraternal societies of which he is a member, including the Odd Fellows, Sons of Veterans, and Red Men.

Rollstone Grain Store

When customers used to drive into this city from many surrounding towns, and when accommodations by trolley or other means of transportation were little known, the Rollstone Grain Store was established. Though people can get from one place to another much more easily nowdays, the Rollstone Grain Store is still a popular trading place, catering to the demands filled in the old days, and also complying with the conditions of modern trade.

The premises occupied at 421 Main street, corner of Circle street, have a capacity of twenty carloads, and the commodities handled include grain, feed, flour and baled hay. Rock salt is also dealt in, and all kinds of poultry and cattle supplies. In this field, the company is one of the most extensive dealers, and one of the most reliable business concerns in our city.

B. A. Eckhart'a Four X Best flour is handled for this district by this concern. This flour is considered one of the most perfectly milled brands upon the market, the choicest wheat being used and every process employed to make it smooth, even and of desirable whiteness.

William Luscher was formerly in the German Cooperative grocery store. August Beck was in the grain business about 10 years ago. Both are known as reliable and enterprising business men, and are not only identified with the success of the Rollstone Grain Store, but are public-spirited citizens.

The business of K. Moseson at 499 Main street has been established since April, 1903, and a number of different enterprises are carried on under one roof by this enterprising retailer. His large store, near the Upper Common, has the trade of this locality in the lines that he carries.

He is principally a men's furnisher, but this title is often used to describe a busness that does not take in all the branches that Mr. Moseson includes. He not only carries a fine stock of the general lines, such as hats, caps, underwear, hosiery, neckwear, sweaters and woolen goods, but also jewelry for men's wear, such as scarfpins, cuff links, collar buttons, etc.

Boots and shoes of different makes, each one selected for durable workmanship and desirable styles, are handled and each season a new stock is put in, so that the newest things in lasts, leathers and shapes are shown.

Stationery and a number of small novelties are carried, for this store is really one of the popular trading places in this vicinity, and many accommodations are expected and are promptly and courteously supplied.

Mr. Moseson has the agency for a number of steamboat lines, and transportation for any part of Europe or elsewhere may be secured here, while all information concerning rates, times of sailing and arrival is furnished.

Mr. Hoseson. who has been in retail trade for- the past eight years, has been a resident of Fitchburg for eighteen years and was formerly employed by the Iver Johnson Arms and Cycle Co. He is an expert machinist and learned his trade in the old country. He has also shown himself to be an able and upright business man.

Fitchburg Drug Co

One of the old established sites for a drug store, the corner store at 248 Main street and Oliver street, has been subject to several changes in the past five years, and was so enlarged and Improved in 1910 that at the present time it is one of the finest and most completely equipped business houses in our city.

sold out in 1906 to Harry M. Brooks. Mr. Brooks conducted it for two years and sold out to the Fitchburg Drug Co., who incorporated it, and conducted it for nineteen months. At the end of that time, in January, 1910, Mr. Brooks again became proprietor though retaining the corporation charter.

Four months later he bought out John B. Horne's stationery and periodical store next door, made the two into one store, and has subsequently trebled the stock of both departments with a proportionate increase of patronage.

When Mr. Brooks first came into possession of these premises in 1906 he made immense improvements, installing a handsome new fountain, new glass cases and counters. But when he resumed the ownership last year he made more extensive alterations, putting in a new ceiling, new floor, and new fixtures, and making the establishment one of the most attractive as well as one of the most commodious in Worcester county.

The location of the concern gives it an advantage in several ways. The double store, with so much window display, allows it to make most effective exhibitions of stock. The central site is convenient for transient as well as local trade, and the lines carried are complete for pharmaceutical transactions, and for novelties and stationery, to which the former Horne store is devoted.

A large prescription trade is handled here; druggists' sundries, sick-room and physicians' supplies dealt in; and in proprietary medicines and articles, creams, liniments, toilet preparations, etc., there is nothing worth knowing that can not be secured here.

Though under one roof, the stationery, periodical, and novelty store on the other side could be quite independent, for one of the largest stocks carried by any firm is handled here. ^ Office and school supplies, novelties and souvenirs of different seasons, all the regular publications in magazines and papers - these are some of the lines handled by the Fitchburg Drug Co. in connection with its pharmaceutical business.

Mr. Brooks has been in the drug business for the past fourteen years, and learned his trade with A. W. Fairbanks. He is treasurer of the Fitchburg Druggists' Association, and a member of the State Pharmaceutical Association. In addition to his reputation as a pharmacist of experience and skill, he is a business man of advanced and successful methods.

F. S. Hall

The value of an old-established site for any one particular kind of business is generally admitted by merthe finest quality of groceries are sold.

Pillsbury's flour and Ceresota, two of the most widely known millings in our country, are carried, also various other brands, so that the most particular customer may be satisfied, whatever make she most favors, for it can be secured here, and deliveries are made promptly. Sugar, spices, teas, coffees, etc., are of course, handled in the different assortments, and in canned goods the best known products of packers are carried in fresh stock. Table cantile men. There is a disposition on the buying public's part to trade where it has before, or where the family has been accustomed to going. Thus we find the jewelry store of F. S. Hall, 194 Main street, has been the trading place for more than a generation, and Mr. Hall's predecessor, J. H. Fairbanks, was in business for nearly forty years.

Everything in the jewelry trade is shown by this concern, and though some ingenuity has to be practiced to arrange all the stock handled, it is successfully done, and the most inviting lines of silver, glass, and ornamental wares are shown.

Fancy articles of rare and delicate textures are carried, and particular designs for special occasions, gift seasons, anniversary events, weddings or presentation affairs, are displayed in one of the finest and largest assortments carried in this city. Watches, clocks, rings, charms, fobs, precious stones, and the more conventional articles always found in a jeweler's stock are dealt in, but the concern has a particular reputation for novelties and rare patterns in silver and beautiful wares.

Watch, clock, and jewelry repairing is skillfully done, and optical goods are handled in complete assortment, eye troubles being diagnosed, and prescribed for by an expert optometrist.

Mr. Hall is a jeweller of some twenty-five years' experience. He was employed by J. H. Fairbanks for six and a half years, following which he was located in Boston with the Shreve, Crump & Low Co. for four and a half years. He returned to Fitchburg after he purchased this business of Mr. Fairbanks, and for thirteen years has conducted it with increasing patronage and proportionate success.

It is naturally the best-known jewelry store in our city, but further than that It is regarded as a most complete establishment, where dealings are always reliable and trustworthy.

Few stores in any part of the city carry a more complete or better grade stock than Leon L'Ecuyer, the grocer at 166 Water street, corner of First. It has been one of the reliable trading places of this section of the city for the past dozen years, and the excellent reputation it enjoys is due to the ability and sound methods by which it has been conducted.

A fine location is occupied an i the commodious space is used to its utmost capacity. Almost everything eatable, except meats and fish, are handled, ? nd

Leon L'Ecuyer, who has always lived in Fitchburg, was employed in this store for eight years before he became proprietor. He is an energetic business man, who has adopted modern and constructive methods, and is known among the staunch and sound grocers in our city.

L. E. Hall

Of the different places in this city where people congregate, none is better known to either residents or transients than the waiting room of the Fitchburg and Leominster Street Railway Co. on Main street, near the Union station and American House. It is an accommodation that has been offered the public for some years, but under the direction of L. E. Hall, since May, 1909, an efficient and complete service has been given that has greatly added to the popularity of the premises, and consequently has led to a greatly increased patronage.

It is one of the popular places in town for a lunch, and this is known by residents as well as by people waiting for street-car transportation. Light lunches are served promptly, and cooked-to-order dishes are offered, the best food on the market being bought, and the most up-to-date facilities used, so that palatable and wholesome food is served, thoroughly cooked and wholly appetizing. Several tables are used as well as a lunch bar, providing opportunity for an eiaborate meal at one's leisure, or an extended choice of viands already prepared.

A large soda fountain is operated, from which all sorts of delicious refreshments are served. Hard and soft confectionery, package and bulk goods in high-grade chocolates are dealt in, and current magazines and newspapers are placed on the counter here as soon as they are off the press.

Three people are employed in addition to Manager E. C. Hall. L. E. Hall, the proprietor, was formerly owner of the Park Cafe, and has been in the restaurant or catering business practically all his life. His brother, the manager, has had twelve years' experience in the same business, and was connected with the Park Cafe for a year.

Proprietor Hall also has the hotel, refreshment, and dancing pavilion privileges at Whalom Park, and his efforts have been able and constructive. A discriminating trade has recognized his ability in administration, and each of the enterprises he conducts has been largely developed. The character as well as the amount of his patronage in both places is a commendation of the business policy that assured, and whether one wants a fine steak, some tender chops, a nice roast or a piece of meat to boil, he can be supplied here and be fully satisfied as to quality and cost.

Mr. Bousquet retains his affiliation with the St. Jean Baptiste society in Webster, but is nevertheless one of the citizens who is interested in Fitchburg's advancement and welfare and is alert to do his part for the welfare of the community.

Frank Rivers

If any proof were needed regarding the workmanship and responsibility of the painting contracting house of Frank Rivers, it could be presented in the list of notable contracts that have been filled, and by the unusually long period that it has been in existence.

Mr. Rivers came to Fitchburg in 1869, and as he had learned his trade of painter at an age when most of the young people of the present generation are at school, he was employed here by some of the best known concerns of that period. Later he began business on his own account, and in the succeeding thirty-five years has un- he has enforced. Mr. Hall is regarded as one of the most experienced caterers ever located in Fitchburg, and the success he has achieved is the evidence of his square dealing and enterprising methods.

A thorough experience in his chosen line is the best asset any man could have when starting in business, and as A. T. Bousquet, the market man at 25 Lunenburg street, had been well trained in that trade, it may be assumed that that is one reason for his pronounced success.

Mr. Bousquet has lived in Fitchburg for the past fifteen years and before that was a resident of Webster for thirty-three years. He was in business in the latter town for twelve years and was employed in the meat trade before becoming established for himself in this city.

Mr. Bousquet opened his present store on Lunenburg street in October, 1901, and from that time to the present has given satisfaction to his increasing patronage.

Fresh meats in the most desirable qualities to be obtained from the wholesale markets are carried in all the cuts for which there is demand. Each day there is a new supply, so that the freshness of the stock is always

Interior painting- and decorating as well as exterior work is done. Mr. Rivers was the contractor for the Universalist church, and did the handsome and expert interior work in the Safety Fund bank building, the Normal and High schools, city hall, and other public buildings were subject to his handiwork, and a year ago the Simonds Manufacturing Co.'s immense plant was repainted by him. The past winter he did notable work in interior decorations and wall painting in the residence of W. E. Putney.

In the season some twenty-five men are employed, and as this is the largest force of employees handled by any one painting concern in this city, the correct deduction is that this house does the greatest amount of business.

Mr. Rivers occupies the second floor of the building at 36 North street, directly opposite the Simonds Manufacturing Co., keeping on hand all kinds of paints and materials used for inside or outside work, also plate and window glass, and has one of the largest stocks of this description in this section.

Mr. Rivers figures carefully and painstakingly on any job offered to him, and having set a fair price, provides material and workmanship of the best grade and highest efficiency.

The beginning of regular transportation of any sort between this city and Boston is identified by an advertisement in the Massachusetts Gazette, and Boston Post-boy, and Advertiser, May 27, 1771, by which one Samuel Farrar announced that he would pass through sundry named towns on certain dates and would be honored to be entrusted with commissions or delivery of messages, etc. In 1793, the Leominster stage line was advertised in Boston, and in 1809 the Boston & Brattleboro stage was Inaugurated. The

The routes taken by the mounted messenger and the stages covered what later proved to be substantially the route of the Fitchburg and the Vermont & Massachusetts railroads, though at those dates such were never dreamed of.

In 1837, however, the railroad was a definite certainty, and that year saw a meeting in this place whereat a committee was chosen to make a survey and report upon a plan to connect this town with Boston at Framingham, using the tracks of the Boston & Worcester railroad to Boston. The survey was made but the proposed petition to the legislature was never circulated.

It happens that in 1829 a correspondent in the Columbian Centine) of Boston stated that "number of respectable citizens" proposed to unite the towns between Boston and Brattleboro by a railroad. This list proved to be the towns later almost exactly touched by the lines unwittingly presaged by the messenger and stage routes.

Fitchburg was early ambitious for a road connection with Boston, and the Sentinel in 1841 whetted public interest by naming the substantial dividends of such roads as were then operating in Essex and Middlesex counties.

Early candle light was the hour for beginning evenings in those days, for the Sentinel published a notice calling a meeting of "all interested at Town Hall, Friday, Nov. 19, 1841, at 6.30 P. M., to adopt such measures as they may think proper." At that meeting was named a "committee of correspondence and enquiry" of which Alvah Crocker was chairman. This man may rightly be called the father of the Fitchburg railroad, and since his day the family name was active in the affairs of the road until the lease to the Boston & Maine, and the operation of the road as part of a larger plan for New England's welfare.

The committee reported on December 20 next in furtherance of the general plan and seeking cooperation with towns between here and Waltham, even then served by the Fresh Pond railroad, so called. At a meeting of delegates held in Waltham in January, 1842, the proposition was still further advanced by appointment of committees of inquiry in several directions, and the adoption of resolutions of affirmation and extension of effort.

Stock subscriptions were made in advance of the dates selected by the committee on subscriptions to receive them. Omitting the details of the preliminary work, it may be stated that on March 2, 1842, the bill for the incorporation of the Fitchburg Railroad company was passed to be engrossed, and under the direction and authorization of the act a meeting of the stockholders was held at Concord on July 13, 1842, to "determine on the acceptance of the act of incorporation, to elect directors, adopt by-laws, etc.!" Alvah Crocker and N. F. Cunningham called the meeting, Mr. Crocker and Samuel Willis of this city were elected to the board of directors, and the former later chosen president.

Mir. Crocker gave unstintedly of his boundless energy, and resourceful, and vigorous mind, liberally of his time, strength and money to promoting the good beginnings. He spoke on the project in every place that could at all be favorably affected by the construction of the line. About a year later sufficient stock was secured to justify the beginning of work, and in short order 27 miles were contracted for, and the work actually begun on May 15, 1843, the first assessment of stock being payable 10 days later.

On October 1, Mr. Crocker and E. H. Derby of Boston went to Europe to buy rails for the road, and it appears they made a timely bargain, for the price was advanced $6.00 per ton just a month later. Quick work was done on the construction, for on December 20, the same year, the road was opened to

Three-quarters of a million of capital was subscribed and the company bought 20 acres of land for terminals and 2000 feet of water front, a trifle compared with what has since been acquired.

The sectional feeling between "Uptown" and "Downtown" was fully evidenced when the controversy as to the station location in this city was begun. It has not yet wholly passed.

Local conditions then found nearly all the retail business above Newton's lane. The charter did not define the terminal of the road other than to say it should run "to some point of land in the village of Fitchburg which shall best accommodate the people."

A committee of the directors decided to locate the depot on Water street. This decision aroused the most intense feeling and the files of the Sentinel literally teem with satirical and disagreeable communications concerning the decision. The committee and its engineer closed their report by defending their selection for reasons of size, availability for "both" roads (1. e., the proposed Vermont & Massachusetts and the Fitchburg), accessibility and the probable saving of $20,000 over choice of the alternate location, which was the tract bounded by what is now Grove, Prichard, Oliver and Main streets.

So vicious and vigorous did the feeling become that 310 legal voters actually presented to the legislature a petition for Incorporation for the "purpose of constructing a raiiroad to connect the village of Fitchburg with the Fitchburg railroad." It is understood that many stockholders showed such spite that they had the courage of their convictions to the extent of sacrificing their stock at large financial loss, causing the securities to be quoted much below par. Mr. Crocker lost much in consequence of this action. All these things appear petty in comparison with the large doings by railroads today in furtherance of better service. To such an extent was the feeling carried that it was currently reported that when the road was completed scarcely any stock was held here.

The adoption of the station location was followed by an almost complete subsidence of interest in the road, which was completed and opened to Waltham, December 20, 1843; to Concord, June 17, 1844; to Acton, October 1, 1844; to Shirley, December 10, 1844; and to Fitchburg, March 5, 1845.

When the road reached this city its capital was $1,322,500, all subscribed by individuals and without any state subvention as had been the case with many western rairoad enterprises.

It was a dividend payer from the start, and this fact and the obvious prosperity enjoyed made the construction of the Vermont & Massachusetts railroad an easy and certain success. Strangely enough, however, no Fitchburg name appeared in the preliminary committees which handled that project. But Mr. Crocker became president in 1845 as head of the first board of directors and served till the completion of the road, which was opened to Baldwinville in September, 1845, and to Brattleboro in February, 1849. 'This road was not the financial success the Fitchburg road had been, though in later years it became so as a part of the Hoosac tunnei route. In 1874 it was leased to the Fitchburg road for 999 years, and thereby conveyed to the Boston & Maine more recently when the consolidations became effective.

The Cheshire railroad, from Bellows Falls to South Ashburnham, was projected at the same period, 1843, being opened In 1848 to Keene, and to thenorthern terminus January 1, 1849. It was profitable from the start, and in 1890 was merged into the Fitchburg system.

The Fitchburg & Worcester road was almost strictly a Fitchburg enterprise, and the names of Ivers Phillips, Francis Perkins, and Nathaniel Wood are familiar to the present generation even though they have been dead for some years. It was but a 14-mile proposition, connecting at Sterling Junction with the Worcester & Nashua railroad. It was not a costly project, was successful from the start in 1849, and now is an Imperative link in the through New York service from this city. It was absorbed by the Boston, Clinton & Fitchburg company in 1869 and that in turn by the Old Colony in 1883. The Fitchburg-Worcester service began with three trains a day and has

In short, it is clear that the decade from 1840 to 1850 was one of the most important Fitchburg has ever known. That period put the town "on the map,'' as goes the expressive if not formal speech of today, and from that location it has never receded, but has waxed strong and prospered to its present thrifty and thriving conditions, which could never have been attained without the far-sighted wisdom applied for the future by Alvah Crocker.

Recent consolidation of the Boston & Mlaine system with the New Haven railroad places New England substantially under one management for Its transportation facilities. Its condensed population and highly intensive industrial conditions render it a fertile field for residential and industrial development, which the consolidation is making extensive preparation to serve by the investment of many miliions of dollars in export terminals in Boston, and improvement of conditions throughout its entire system.

The importance of Fitchburg as a manufacturing and transfer center are given recognition in the primary appropriation of over a quarter of a million dollars for improvements. Hitherto the New Haven and Boston & Maine being competitors, necessarily much duplication of facilities existed. Unification will result in economies in cost to freight shippers, and in physical conveniences in the handling of freight and passengers. The relocation of the passenger service will do away with the crossover so long disturbing traffic on both lines. The new roundhouse at the east freight yard and the four tracks from that yard to the middle, or city, yard, will relieve the smoke nuisance in the middle yard and its environs, and also vastly facilitate transfers between the tracks ot the two companies, and enable a quicker despatch and delivery of freight.

The incoming freight will be handled on new tracks laid in the present New Haven yard with daily storage of 110 cars and easy accessibility to Main street by the paving of ample space between tracks, enabling cars to be reached from both sides, with the New Haven freighthouse still to serve as an incoming freight station. Outgoing service will be similarly rendered from the Water street tracks of the Boston Sc Maine, and its freight station, additional room being gained by removal ot the roundhouse and coal pockets.

The development of through western freight traffic over the Fitchburg division of the Boston & Maine since that road took it has been enormous, and will be still greater when the New Haven's further plans are completed. Initial among them was the electrification of the Hoosac tunnel, which more than quadruples its capacity by freeing it of the smoke and gases that rendered it not only dark but almost smothering to the trainmen. The entire division is having its excellent roadbed still more improved, the curves reduced where reasonably practicable and the bridges strengthened. Locomotives by the score and of the most efficient type, have been ordered, and presently this trunk line of the heaviest grades east of the Alleganies will be carrying the bulk of through freight traffic both east and west bound. The appropriation by the state of Massachusetts of $9,000,000 for terminals for ocean-going ships of the highest class will reflect prosperity all over the state. As a distribution point for much traffic this city will benefit in every way possible out of the total benefit to the state. It is intimated that the beginnings made here will be followed by other work which their success will indicate, coupled with the general conditions of the city's prosperity.

The China Shop

The trend of modern times is toward specialization, and though many people some years ago predicted that the great department stores were going to eat all the little ones, the prophecy has not only failed, but seems farther fror.i the truth now than ever. Such stores as The China Shop, 11-13 Cushing street. Indicate that people like to trade where particular lines of goods are shown. The natural assumption Is that a customer looking for some particuiar article doesn't want to be distracted by half a dozen other lines; or to cover several floors before reaching the department sought.

It is also evident that the tradesman offering one class of goods makes better selections, studies his stock and his patrons more thoroughly, and in every way is better equipped to give highclass service than if his abilities and attention were scattered over various fields.

The China Shop is the headquarters in this city for china ware. The lines in connection with it are handled, of course, and everything in crockery and earthen ware. Glass and metal goods are shown in kitchen or dining room patterns. Open stock dinner ware is a specialty with this concern, and a number of beautiful designs are carried from the leading potteries of the world. The full sets are dealt in, and stock patterns can be replaced in one or as many pieces as are desired. Unique patterns are also carried, and seme of the fragile chinas - Limoges, Haviland and other well known makes are shown.

Tin ware, and kitchen utensils are parts of the complete stock carried, and the patterns as well as the serviceability of the goods, are recommendations that make this shop a favorite trading place for people who want something out of the ordinary, 07- some article that they may depend upon.

Mr. Heslam, who had charge of a crockery department for ten years in the Fitchburg Hardware company, founded his present business in June, 1909.

It is unlikely that there is any retail business in Fitchburg which is not subject to keen competition. In truth, the old saying is that "competition is the life of trade." Whether this is so or not, it is natural that each competitive concern should do its utmost to put into effect some feature or policy that will make it more popular than the others.

If there is any one feature that has assisted particularly to the success of the Fitchburg Dry Goods Company, it is the courteous and willing disposition that is most prominent in the conduct of all its affairs.

It is assured that every concern engaging in trade has some qualifications for the line that it has established. It is also fair to believe that most of them ask only reasonable prices and recommend their stock for just what it is. But there are many houses that appear to shove their commodities upon the customers; others seem to have a tired feeling, and give little or no attention to a trader, and some show a superior feeling as though it was a condescension to fill some of our modest wants.

The attitude and atmosphere of the Fitchburg Dry Goods Co. is the reverse of all this, and polite and trustworthy service, which is becoming more and more to be regarded as a necessary attribute of the successful merchandising, is demonstrated here in its highest and most desirable state.

A force of thirty-five people Is employed, all living up to this rule of the Fitchburg Dry Goods Company - courtesy, willingness, and Impartiality to everyone.

The business was formerly located at 127 Main street, but has been on the present premises, since 1904. Recent alterations and additions have greatly Improved and enlarged the store at 220 and 222 Main street, so that a better display of a larger stock is now a possibility of which the company has been quick to take advantage.

Mrs. Katherine A. F. Keefe is president and treasurer of the company, and the progress of recent years has been due to her enterprising methods, and her popular and approved policy of high-class service, and high-grade goods.

The Fitchburg Dry Goods Co. stands as one of the soundest and staunchest mercantile concerns in our city, and its reputation reflects credit upon this community as well as on the proprietor who has brought it to such a prosperous and desirable position.

Wherever a "quality" store is located it will attract the best class of customers. for it is beginning to be a recognized rule of modern merchandising that quality is remembered long after prices are forgotten.

Even if the name of Batchelder had not been known previously the transactions of the concern at its store at 8 Summer street would attract attention, but as Newton M. Batchelder had formerly been in business at Main and Prichard streets for eleven years, he had the benefit of that reputation when he located here.

Mr. Batchelder, as was said previously, is one of the grocers who endeavor always to make quality an uppermost consideration. This does not mean higher prices, as some people jump to the conclusion. It means that experience and ability is given to the selection of the stock. The first thing offered by the wholesaler or the producer is not necessarily accepted. In

Trade Mark

A business which stands on an old and substantial foundation has the advantage of a clientele accustomed to and satisfied with its goods and methods, and ready to recommend it to newcomers. Such is the case with Wilder & Smith, and although they have been conducting the bakery at 60 Green street less than a year, they have the good-will of their predecessor and a business that has been established for nine years. The public is already convinced of the reliability of the new concern, for both gentlemen are well known here, and it has been their effort to maintain the reputation that had been established by the fonner proprietor, and to keep well abreast of the progress in the baking business.

Everything carried in the outer store, except crackers, is made on the premises, and in bread and rolls, as well as in cakes, pies and other pastries, pure materials are used, the mixing accurately and thoroughly done, the baking most carefully attended to, with the result that all foodstuffs baked here are satisfactory in taste, quality and general wholesomeness.

Nothing stale is ever put over the counters. Two bakers are regularly employed and one team operated for the outside trade. Through this convenience, and also the branch store at 149 Lunenburg street, people in many parts of Fitchburg are supplied as well as the neighborhood, which has entire dependence upon Wilder & Smith bakery products.

The business has been conducted by Wilder & Smith since March 27. 1911. at which time they bought out Albert B. Read, who had been identified with the shop many years. Both proprietors have lived here several years and are well known. Mr. Wilder was with Lowe Bros, for four years, and Mr. Smith with the same concern for five years. Both are men of ability and have shown enterprise and integrity that have given them standing with the public in general.

Myrtle Avenue

terior that some of our other retail establishments have, every inch of room is utilized. The lines of dry and fancy goods carried here are extensive, the quality is exactly as recommended, and consistent prices only are asked.

It is particularly the store where discriminating people go for table and bed linens, cottons, domestics, while in women's furnishings it presents one of the largest and most expertly selected lines to be found in this section.

Fancy goods, hosiery, gloves, neckwear, dress goods, etc., are given careful attention, so that seasonable styles and materials are shown as soon as they are on the market.

The ready-to-wear and garment department is one of the best in this city; suits and garments representative of the latest styles, and guaranteed for fitting and durability are shown. Expert people are employed in the alteration department, so that any change is made promptly and correctly.

fact, the value of every commodity is carefully considered and its merits compared with similar articles. In this manner the best is chosen, and quite often the best costs no more than something quite inferior. This rule, always observed by Mr. Batchelder, makes him a dealer in highgrade staple and fancy groceries; all bulk and package goods being dealt in, imported and domestic bottled and canned goods, grocers' specialties, etc.

Closely covered bins and tightly fitting drawers are among the modern fixtures in this establishment, so that bulk commodities are kept free from dust or other accumulations and are offered in the fresh and desirable conditions that a discriminating patronage demands.

Mr. Batchelder bought out Henry A. Hatch's business when he first came to Fitchburg, more than thirteen years ago. Alterations in the property on Prichard street forced his removal from that stand, and he was the first tenant of the Moran block, opening his present store in December, 1908.

Mr. Batchelder is known as one of the soundest and most progressiva mercantile men in this section; has always had a reputation for reliable and straightforward dealings, and is regarded as a business man and citizen who is interested in all the movements that promise the welfare of this community.

Gornforth & Marx

The extent of Fitchburg's industries can only be determined by a very careful investigation, for some of them are carried on so unobtrusively that the volume of their product or the extent of their operations is only known to those most directly concerned.

The Fitchburg Silk Mills, or the concern of Cornforth & Marx, is one that might be listed among the manufactories that are most modestly operated and adhiinistered. The plant on Ashburnham street, being off the beaten road of travel, does not call attention to Itself, and as the company maintains its selling office in New York, it does not have as many visiting customers as some of the others.

Nevertheless, the organization is one of distinct value and importance to this community, for though Fitchburg is famed as a textile center, this is the only silk mill in the city; and as the diversity of a city's manufactures is one of its greatest assets, it is a matter of congratulation to every publicspirited citizen when some new concern is promoted or developed here.

Cornforth & Marx, however, are silk manufacturers who were incorporated in 1888, and had been in operation in Paterson, N. J., for fourteen years, before locating here. The mill on Ashburnham street, a two-story structure occupying three sides of a hollow square, was then idle, so that the firm's determination to do business here added to the city's revenue for improved property, and further benefited our community by giving employment to its residents, some two hundred of whom are now employed.

The corporation moved its entire equipment to this city, and has one of the most modern and Improved plants in this part of the country. Two hundred and twenty looms are Installed, and the output of broad silks for dress

All colors and various novel designs are manufactured, and sold to the retail dry goods houses and jobbers throughout the United States. The company sends out from its New York office, six or seven traveling salesmen through eastern territory, and beyond the Mississippi, and Fitchburg Silk Mills has its own representatives, as well as jobbing house transactions.

Mr. Cornforth, who made his home in Fitchburg when the concern started in business here, has been a silk manufacturer since 1886, and is one of the most thorough and experienced men in this line of industry in this part of the country. The designing, operation.

and administration is virtually under his supervision, and since 1902 he has been the responsible head, and the one to whom the credit for success must be attributed.

When the mills opened, nine years ago, only about six families were brought here from New Jersey, consequently the two hundred operatives now employed have been educated to this industry through the efforts of the company. This means that Cornforth & Marx have provided wages and labor for many people, which is a matter of gratification to those employed, and to our city generally.

They have given the city a new industry, added to its fame as a manufacturing center, and through enterprise and uprightness in product and transactions have enhanced their own reputation, and increased their business since becoming identified with Fitchburg.

New England Meg. Co

Though Fitchburg has long sustained a high reputation as a machine and textile city, there are numerous concerns that have been developed so unostentatiously that many of our own population do not know of the success that has been achieved or the standing they have gained in their particular field.

The New England Mfg. Co., 155 Westminster street, might be mentioned in this class, for the firm began operations some six years ago with modest facilities and has advanced steadily though unobtrusively until at the present time it has a modern and completely equipped plant, an extensive business and a desirable

The company, composed of John S. Thompson and Francis D. Tuttle, is represented both east and west of the Mississippi. The bulk of its goods is sent West, but its customers are found from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast, from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.

Drapery and sash curtains are the products of the company, in fancy organdies, muslins, Swisses, lawns and lappets. The variety of patterns offered is almost innumerable. Solid colors, delicate shades and fancy deslgrned fabrics are used, and they are made up without ornamentation or

Each season the company places upon the market curtains or draperies that are illustrative of their ingenuity in designing and patterning, and the material and workmanship are of a quality that makes the goods of this Fitchburg concern preferred above many others of similar class.

They are sold at retail in our own department stores and are carried in practically every city in this country by dry goods or upholstery dealers.

of 125 feet is occupied, with a basement of the same dimensions. Thirty machines of Improved invention for curtain work are installed and twenty-five people employed.

Mr. Thompson was for years connected with the Beoli mill and had two hundred hands under his supervision. Mr. Tuttle had been a business man of experience in other lines. As partners in this business, they have combined ability and enterprise with up-to-date methods, and the quality of their product and the standard of integrity and uprightness maintained has given them a sound position in the industrial world and a reputation creditable to themselves and to the city.

Shack & Fine

The establishment in Fitchburg of Shack & Fine (L. M. Shack and A. N. Fine), manufacturers of combs and hair ornaments, has been greatly appreciated, for it adds to the city a live concern, and to its diversified list of products another variety. As manufacturers of the ShaFine brand of hair ornaments they have become most widely and favorably known, in fact, their fine goods are shiped to all parts of the United States, and make the name of Fitchburg known in many distant fields.

The factory is in Leominster, one of the largest and best equipped in that "comb town," but for the past four years the office and distributing centre has been at 11 Oliver street, this city. Wherever combs, hairpins, barrettes or other hair ornaments are in demand, the ShaFine quality and styles have a preference, for it is well known that Shack & Fine are leaders in the paterns and quality offered, in magnitude of stock and promptness of shipment.

Metal and jewel-mounted combs and barrettes are among the many ornamental styles made, and in all something over fifteen hundred designs and patterns are displayed.

The plant at Leominster employs 150 people, including some of the most skilful and original designers and expert workmen in the trade, so that the workmanship of the ShaFine goods, as well as their novelty and quality, is particularly thorough and high class.

The firm has been in operation in Leominster for five years, and represented in this city for four. Formerly located on Boutelle street, the present central office and show rooms have been occupied for two years, and for the Jobbing and wholesale trade have been especially convenient and. adequate.

Messrs Shack & Fine have to their credit an expert knowledge of their business, a reputation for high quality of goods, the enthusiasm of youth, for they are the youngest men in their line, and the accompanying ambition to keep their product at the top. It will be interesting to note what welldirected energy will do for this firm in the coming years.

Gendron & Russell

The excellent reputation which A. S. Gendron had in the trading circles of the Cleghorn district, is being most successfully maintained by his successors, Gendron & Russell, who bought out this business last September, and have most ably and successfully conducted it the past seven months.

The store is one of the best known in this neighborhood, and at 172 Fairmount street, has one of the most central locations in this locality. Under the i)roprietorship of A. S. Gendron it was known for complete and efficient service, and the present owners are upholding that reputation, holding

Staple and fancy groceries, meats and provisions are dealt in, and in each line handled care is taken in the selection of the stock, so that the quality may be guaranteed, and the prices kept down to the lowest market quotations. All the leading brands of cereals, canned goods, prepared and uncooked foods are dealt in, the most reliable millings of fiour, manufactured bakery goods as well as bakers' products from Fitchburg's own bakers, fruits and vegetables, table sauces and relishes.

pork, and if steaks, chops, or something to boil or fry is wanted, this is the concern where satisfaction is invariably given. The firm gives trading stamps.

Two people are employed, both of whom were with the old concern for more than seven years. Two teams are used for taking and delivering orders.

R. Gendron and F. Russell came here from Ware, Mass., where they purchased this business, following A. S. Gendron's occupancy of this store for ten years. They were most favorably introduced to this community, and have added to the good impression at the start by their enterprising and reliable methods.

The firm is regarded as one of the leaders in this section, and Mr. Gendron and Mr. Russell are considered most desirable acquisitions to our mercantile and residential circles.

Alfred Leclair

'I'he location of a blacksmith shop has much to do with its patronage and success, as horsemen do not care to go off the generally travelled roads to have their work done. They also get in the habit of frequenting one vicinity, and a long established stand has an advantage over one more recently occupied.

It is not too much to say, that the blacksmith shop of Alfred Leclair, 104 Lunenburg street, through its present proprietor and his predecessors, is one of the best known in this city. Formerly occupied by A. A. Holt, and by his father before him, this site has been used for horse and carriage work for more than forty years. It is one of the most extensive properties in this section, so that every equipment and tool for blacksmithing and general Jobbing is at hand and customers are given that prompt attention so much desired.

Shoeing is done expertly and thoroughly, so that owners of high-bred animals, as well as drivers of teaming and heavy working horses, have confidence in the workmanship here, and know that each animal will be shod correctly, according to its requirements.

Mr. Leclair is an experienced blacksmith, who has been engaged in this trade in Fitchburg for more than twenty years. He was employed by different concerns for eighteen years, and opened up this business three years ago. The popularity of the shop has been maintained by him, by honest dealing, fair prices and competent work. He is known as one of the most reliable and thorough blacksmiths in this city, and as a business man and citizen is identified with the best interests of this community.

The contractors in any city form an industrial class who have much to do with the advancement of that community. Theirs are the operations which mark its development, and when their work is solid, enduring and attractive, it remains to demonstrate their ability and workmanship, and adds to the city's reputation for fine and modern structures.

J. D. Littlehale, a contractor for the past thirty years, has probably constructed more public buildings, school houses, churches, business blocks and handsome residences, than any other builder here. He has built eight libraries in this section, and has lately been engaged, on the new club house, erected for Christ church. The dormitory in the Normal school group of t>uildings was constructed by him, and Mr. I ittlehale was the contractor for the Universalist church, the Calvinlstic Congregational, the German, Methodist and Baptist churches in this city, while the residences erected under his direction are too numerous to mention in a limited space. More recent contracts, however, were for the Prouty residence on Mt. Vernon street, Albion Downe's house on Bond street, and Edward E. Spencer's at Lunenburg.

In building seasons Mr. Littlehale employs from twenty to thirty men, and at 36 North street occupies the upper floor of a large building where a complete stock is carried, and expert Jobbing is done.

Mr. Littlehale is one of the oldest contractors in our city, in continuous service. In earlier years he was employed as a carpenter, and had a partner for several years, but for practically thirty years he has been the promoter of his own business. Mr. Littlehale is a director of the Fitchburg Co-operative bank and one of the advisory board, of the Worcester North Savings Institution. He is a man of property, and takes an interest in every effort for the betterment of this community.

He stands among the leaders in the contracting line and has won this prominence through straightforward business methods, and by the thorough and faithful fulfilment of every obligation undertaken.

Dr. James Ross

The standing of any concern Increases with its years of service, and this is as true of professional as of mercantile enterprises. Only sound and thorough organizations can withstand the test of time and the comparisons bound to be made, so that when we find a man or business has been associated with one neighborhood for a quarter of a century we may properly assume that reliability and efficiency have been the principles upheld.

Dr. James Ross, with office at 166 Main street, has been established in our city since December, 1885. For some fifteen years the partnership of Parker & Ross continued; to be succeeded by the sole proprietorship of Dr. Ross, who has attained eminence in the dental profession. He is assisted by Dr. U. C. Russell, who is a native of Fitchburg, a graduate of the Harvard Dental college, 1904, and has been connected with this office since September, 1906, for the patronage of this office has demanded the services of three men for the last 17 years.

Dr. Ross has, however, found time for other matters beside the advancement of his business. He has been an enthusiastic and sincere worker for the cause of No-Llcense, and was chairman of the No-License committee for four years. He is a member of the Citizens' party city committee and a director of the Y. M. C. A., of which he was president for eight years. He is president of the Men's Club of the C. C. church, has been president of the Congregational club, and is affiliated with the Massachusetts Dental association. His high professional reputation is duplicated in civic circles, where his efforts for the betterment of the community in general are recognized and commended.

Percy H. Safford

In these days of modern competition there is much need of initiative if business men are to gain success. Somehow success does not stop at one's door and ask to come in. There must be a very earnest invitation, and this must be backed by action and energy. There are a number of excellent Jewelry stores in our city, but there is one that has shown marked enterprise, both in the conduct of its affairs and the particular stock carried. This is Percy H. Safford's store at 292 Main street, where a feature of the stock handled is a line of fine china, beautifully painted and decorated by people connected with the establishment, so that not only are scores of beautiful pieces carried in stock, but special orders are taken and particular designs executed to suit discriminating people. The painting is done by Mrs, Safford, and one or two assistants are employed. The firing is also done here, and unblemished and charming results are shown both in the dainty ware and in the artistic decorations that have been skilfully added.

In Jeweler's lines, silver and cut glass are sold in addition to the conventional stock of chains, charms, rings and other ornaments. Watches and clocks are showm in the makes guaranteed for correct time-keeping, and the styles of cases that appeal to many varied tastes.

Expert watch, clock and Jewelry repairing is done, and this concern, situated farther west than the other Jewelry houses in our city, has a trade that comes from all parts of the city, knowing the stock and prices are such as to give general satisfaction.

Mr. Safford has been established here since 1898, and came to this city from Leominster where he had formerly been in the Jewelry business with his brother. He has had an increasing and successful patronage in subsequent .years, and is regarded as a reliable merchant, identified with the community's best interests.

The history of trades unionism in Fitchburg would fill volumes in itself and all that can be attempted here is a brief outline of some of the more important facts concerning a few of the many organizations which have been or still are active in the interests of the workers of the city generally and those of their own members more especially. Principal among these is the Central Labor Union, through which united action is taken in matters of public interest and in making known the sentiments of the organized workers upon them, and in the meetings of which the freest discussion upon various phases of labor and kindred topics is permitted and encouraged.

Fitchburg has been quite free from labor troubles of any kind, strikes and lockouts being few and far apart, while such as there have been were of short duration, generally speaking, and entailed little hardship upon the workers or those dependent upon them.

The Central Labor union was organized, July 7, 1899. The records of that meeting show that the following unions were represented by delegates: Bricklayers, Cigar Makers, Moulders, Machinists, Saw Makers, Plumbers, Railroad Firemen, Railroad Trainmen, and the Metal Polishers, Platers and ijuffers. The Saw Makers and Polishers have passed out of existence, while the railroad organizations are not represented by delegates at the present time. Otherwise all the organizations mentioned have maintained continuous affiliation with the Central body. At t,ie present time there are 14 unions sending delegates. A large number of others have been on the rolls from time to time, but most of them had a brief existence and severed their connection only when circumstances forced the surrender of their charters to the various international bodies by which they had been issued.

John F. Harrington, now a resident of Leominster, is frequently referred to as the "father of the Central Labor union.'' At a meeting of Hoosac Tunnel lodge, B. R. T., of which he was then and still Is a member, he first suggested the desirability of having a central body. His suggestion was adopted by the lodge, which took the initiative in calling a meeting of all interested.

The first board of officers, as shown by the books of the union, was as follows; President, William B. Bowers, Saw Makers' union; recording secretary, Michael P. Boyle, Journeymen Plumbers' union; financial secretary, Daniel J. O'Reilly, Iron Moulders' union; and treasurer, James Piggott, of the Metal Polishers, Platers and Buffers' union.

These officers were elected for a term of six months. At the second election Charles P. Goodrich of the Cigar Makers' union was chosen president. The Cigar Makers have had four of their members in the president's chair out of a total of eleven, double the number of any other local, the Bricklayers being next, with two.

Following are those who have held the presidency, from the beginning, together with the names of the local unions of which they are or have been members; William B. Bowers, Saw Makers; Charles P. Goodrich, Cigar Makers; Willis H. Pierce, Locomotive Engineers; Nathan Wilkins, Cigar Makers: John Dockendorff, Bricklayers'; William J. Deignan, Cigar Makers: Robert L. Walsh, Bricklayers; William Stolba, Cigar Makers; Richard E. Anderson, Paper Makers: Joseph D. O'Keeffe, Carpenters; and John H. Roche, Painters, Decorators and Paper Hangers.

From the time of organization up to the Installation of officers In July of the present year, members of the Journeymen Plumbers' union had held the office of recording secretary. Michael P. Boyle, who was elected at the first meeting, continued In office until June

10, 1900. when John H. Shea of the same craft was elected to succeed him. The latter held the secretaryship only for a few months, Charles Smith being elected October 12 of the same year and continuing in office continuously until the election of June 21, 1911, when he declined another term and was succeeded by Patrick Conry of the Paper Makers' union.

The present officers are as follows: President, John H. Roche, Painters' union; vice-president, Frank B. Kreimer. Machinists' union; recording secretary, Patrick Conry, Paper Makers' union; financial secretary, John E. Farrell, Cigar Makers' union; treasurer, Richard E. Anderson, Paper Makers' union; trustees, Joseph D. O'Keeffe, Carpenters' union, Charles Smith, Plumbers' union, and Robert L. Walsh, Bricklayers' union; sergeantat-arms, Patrick Collins, Carpenters' union.

The Central Labor body consists of five delegates from each local affiliated with it and its meetings provide an opportunity for a free discussion of matters of interest to the labor movement as a whole, as well as those pertaining more especially to a single organization or individual, it being the duty of the delegates to present such matters as their respective organizations may instruct them to call to the attention of the delegates and to report back any matters of interest or action taken by the Central union.

Following are the unions affiliated with the Central Labor union at present: Bricklayers, Carpenters 778 and 1239, Painters, Cigar Makers, Theatrical Stage Employees, Car Workers, Machinists, Paper Makers, Iron Moulders, Journeymen Barbers, Musicians' Mutual Association, Plumbers, and Typographical.

Beginning October 1, 1911, the Central union took possession of a hall in the new building of the Finnish Socialist Publishing company, adjoining the post office, on Wallace avenue. This will be the meeting place of most of the affiliated unions. The Journeymen Carpenters' and the Bricklayers' unions also maintain permanent quarters, the former at 234 Main street, and the latter at 155 Main street.

Considered industrially the railroad employes have, perhaps, the most thorough system of organization In the city, as well as the largest organizations in point of numbers. This is due mainly to the fact that Fitchburg is a railroad center for the Boston & Maine and the New York, New Haven & Hartford railroads, as well as the seat of the car shops of the former company, so that very large numbers of railroad employees make their homes here. Another feature which gives them strength is that the unions have working agreements with the railroad companies and are recognized by the latter, so that committees from the several bodies on both systems meet with the railroad officials from time to time to agree upon wages, hours, length of trips and other conditions of employment. This arrangement makes each of the unions whose members are engaged in the moving of trains practically a 100 per cent, organization, which means that every man eligible to membership in these unions is found within the fold. Little difficulty is ever experienced in arranging working codes and adjusting grievances and the men do not know the meaning of a strike from their own experiences, unless such experience has been gained on roads other than those with which the local bodies have dealings.

Local railroad men engaged In the actual work of operating trains are organized in four unions with their headquarters in Fitchburg, as follows: Wachusett division. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers; H. P. Littlejohn lodge. Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen; E. A. Smith division. Order of Railway Conductors, and Hoosac Tunnel lodge. Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. Each of these brotherhoods receives valuable assistance In its work from a ladies' auxiliary. Warren S. Stone division is the ladies' auxiliary of the engineers; Mountain Laurel division of the Conductors', and Star of '93 the auxiliary of the trainmen's organization. These auxiliaries are a feature of the railroad brotherhoods not enjoyed by other organizations and their members not only aid the men's brotherhoods, but also have advantages of socials among themselves and the pecuniary advantages which come from affiliation with the grand lodges.

Other railroad organizations whose members do not take part In the operation of trains are the Railway Clerks, the Freight Handlers, Maintenance of Way Employes' union, and Bay State lodge of the International Association of Car Workers, the last mentioned being the organization of most of the employees of the Boston & Maine railroad at its shops in East Fitchburg. Many other employees, such as switchmen and telegraph operators, whose numbers are not such as to warrant the formation of local unions of their respective crafts, are found enrolled among the members of division organizations having their headquarters in Boston or other cities.

Next in number of members, as well as number of organizations, taken on the industrial basis, are the building trades, though their unions are not so general or so thorough as in the case of the railroad men. The Bricklayers' union is, perhaps, the most thoroughly organized of all, as well as having the honor of being among the very oldest, if not the oldest labor body in the city.' The Journeymen Carpenters' union has two organizations. Local 778 being for those speaking the English language, while Local 1229 conducts its busin.ess in the French tongue and practically its entire membership is of the French race. These two locals are affiliated with the Worcester North district council, which embraces the unions of the craft in the entire northern half of the county and maintains its headquarters, as well as a business agent, in Fitchburg.

Other organizations of the building trades stili holding charters In P'itchburg are the Journeymen Plumbers' union and the Brotherhood of Painters, Paper Hangers and Decorators. Alt of these have been In business many years, while several others have been organized from time to time, only to meet with difficulties of one kind or another or to suffer by the removal of their most active workers to other fields, so that they failed to gain the required strength or else lost it by force of circumstances which made the surrender of their charters advisable.

The Machinists', Iron Moulders', and Blacksmiths and Helpers' unions are the local bodies devoted to the interests of those employed in the numerous foundries, machine shops and other metal working establishments of the city, while the Boiler Makers' union has for many years sought to maintain as high a standard of working conditions as possible for boiler makers and their helpers. Among the employees of many and varied textile establishments dependence is placed upon the Textile Workers' and the Loom PAxers' unions, the first mentioned being one of the most recent additions to the ranks of organized workers, though the present Is by no means the first organization among local men and women engaged in the production of cloth.

Other local unions which are active at the present time and which cannot well be classed with others on an industrial basis as are those mentioned above, are the following: Cigar Makers, Theatrical Stage Employees, Paper Makers, Stationary Foremen, Journeymen Barbers, Musicians' Mutual association, the last mentioned having among its members not only most of the best known musicians of this city, but also those of the most of the towns within a considerable radius.

Mention may also be made of two organizations among the Finnishspeaking people, one of which is several years old, while the other is quite recent. The latter is a union of clerks employed in the Finnish stores, and has already aided in securing better working conditions. The former is the Finnish workmen's society, which is not, strictly speaking, a trade union, but seeks rather to advance the intererests of the workers by means of political action. It supports and assists the unions, however, and has among its 500 members many affilPated with them. This is a flourlshinrg organization, and owns the fine b'alldlng shown on this page.

Sawyer Tool Mfc. Co

Fitchburg's fairly won and proudly worn reputation as a machine city has no more energetic supporter than the Sawyer Tool Manufacturing Co., whose office is at 76 Winter street. The foundation of its business was laid in a neighboring town, but its growth has in large measure followed its removal to our city, and has been especially marked during the last four or five years. The date of the incorporation of the company was October, 1901.

The product is an extensive and growing line of the finest tools for machinists and the related trades, distinguished by ingenuity of design, accuracy, finish, and quality of material used. To partially itemize, there may be mentioned hammers, screwdrivers, punches, nail sets, rules, squares, gauges, levels, calipers, inside micrometers, hacksaw frames, etc. But the mere listing of such articles gives but a limited idea of the range of such an industry, for each is susceptible of variation in size and type according to the demands of the work on which it is to be used, and there are no bounds to the inventive spirit of the true American mechanic, which finds one Of its opportunities in providing the tool chest with everything that conduces to ease, accuracy and quantity of work, A good workman can turn out a creditable job with rudimentary tools, but his comfort and satisfaction are tremendously enhanced when he has at his hand an outfit of the Sawyer goods.

But there are other things to say about the methods of this concern that are no less interesting than what has gone before, but relate to the distribution rather than to the manufacturing. TTie unique feature of the Sawyer Tool Company's success lies in its achievement the development of a cooperative plan founded upon solid and prov en principles, which enlists as stockholders and boosters the men who use and who influence the demand for machinists' tools.

Early in 1910 the entire force of the works was initiated into the local lodge of the I. A. of M., something without parallel In the history of unionism in Fitchburg. The next step of the company was to still further evince its cordiality toward the organization by the announcement of a cooperative, profit-sharing system now appropriately known as "Sawyerism," which has met with an enthusiastic reception among- union machinists individually and in the lodges. The company has set aside $100,000 in preferred stock to be sold to members at $5.00 a share. The ownership of these shares secures, beside the very satisfactory dividend, a special discount on all tools bought.

In building up an organization of producers and consumers for mutual benefit, the company established a notable precedent in the annals of commercial life. It continues to gain In prestige, power and personality, aided by the progressive humanity represented in its capital stock.

Among the thousands of machinists that have gathered under the Sawyer standard, the Sawyer spirit has become the synonym for success. These thousands of stockholders in the Sawyer enterprise have become workers, a living, breathing, hustling aggregation of cooperators who are boosting Sawyer tools in every city and town throughout the country, and by whom the Sawyer spirit is kept alive.

Beginning with a mere ripple of interest Sawyerism has developed a generous wave of appreciation that makes certain the present and future success Of the company.

The Sawyer Cooperative Plan is explained in detail In a booklet issued by the company Under the title, "The Sawyer Spirit, An Opportunity for Machinists."

The Sawyer Bulletin, issued monthly to perpetuate Interest In the Sawyer Cooperative Plan and to promote the sale of Sawyer tools Is of great educational value and is sent free to all machinists working at the trade.

"Sawyerism," says Mr. C. A. Hubbell, president of the company, "is more than a mere mouthful and cannot be digested immediately." To express it tersely. It Is sincere cooperation and.

You recall the biblical quotation, "As ye sow, so shall ye reap." From a business point of view the sentiment is appropriate. The company have the seed for more business, more friends and more cooperators on fertile ground; and it is now reaping the harvest.

as most of them were open to competition, it must naturally be assumed that the firm figured closely on the work, and had the confidence of the people who required their services.

The company is called upon by some of the largest manufacturers in this city, and does a particularly large amount of mill work. It has among its customers the American Woolen Co., the Louis DeJonge Co., and the G. W. Wheelwright Paper Co. Recent work which it accomplished was the plumbing for the addition to the rectory of St. Bernard's church, and the cornice work for the industrial building of the normal school.

T. J. Sullivan is a practical mechanstaple groceries, are dealt in; canned goods from the best-known packers in this country, vegetables, nuts, fancy biscuits and crackers are among the supplies that the judicious housekeeper can order here, knowing that her table will be furnished with the best in the market.

Mr. Kenney came to Fitchburg from Springfield, Vt., where he had conducted his own store. He was con- -lected with Cobb, Aldrich & Co. for three years, after which he founded his own business, which has been consistently and successfully developed. Mr. Kenney is known as one of the leading grocers of Fitchburg, and is highly regarded for his ability and integrity.

The plant of the concern comprises a two-story building with floor space of 12,000 square feet, and another of three stories and 4800 square feet. The arrangement and equipment of all is in accordance with modern ideas of efficiency. An average of fifty men Is employed. The present officers are C. A. Hubbell, president and treasurer; J. Bernard Lynch, secretary; and J. Clayton Bates, manager.

Mr. Hubbell enjoys the distinction of being one of the most experienced and constructive administrators in the machine tool business. His knowledge is broad and practical, the result of thorough familiarity with the business methods in practice in both the eastern and the western trade. It is natural that he should adopt methods that from experience and comparison he knows to be satisfactory and enduring; and since he has been at the head of the Sawyer Tool Manufacturing company its growth in patronage and prestige have been ample testimony to his foresight, ability and leadership.

Plant Of The Sawyer Tool Mfc. Co

ic in all the above branches, and previous to his present business connection was in partnership with the Jennison Co. J. H. Sullivan and J. F. Moran were formerly in the plumbing business in addition to which Mr. Moran is a sheet-metal worker. They have in the Fitchburg Heating and Flumbing Co. combined their abilities, pursued enterprising and upright methods, built up their concern to a foremost position in Industrial circles, and won distinction as Individuals and business men.

Fitchburg Heating And Plumbing Co

Occupying a large shop at 53 Water street, the firm carries the materials and equipment that are needed in any part of their work. Furnaces, steam and hot- water heaters are dealt in, and the best makes are quickly supplied either from the stock on hand or through the agencies the company holds. Estimates are furnished on either system of heating, and the work is scientifically Installed.

Plumbing, ventilating of every description, tin, sheet-iron and copper work, skylights, cornices and roofing, are all features of the trade that is carried on here, and the concern has in a comparatively short time gained a reputation for service and reliability that places it among the leaders in this industry.

Though the present store of C. H. Kenney has only been occupied since March, 1910, the name of this tradesman is well known in our city, for he has been in the grocery business here for the past twenty years, and excepting for three years of that time has been the proprietor of his own business.

For a long period located a little nearer the center of the city, Mr. Kenney has at 316 Main street, corner of Grove street, one of the best sites in the city, and the arrangement of the stock carried and the handsome fixtures installed make it one of the most modern and attractive mercantile establishments in this section.

Cherry shelves and casings are installed, and practically every commodity that comes in bulk is kept in air-tight compartments. Close-fitting drawers, chests securely covered and barrels with tight heads are used so that no dust can penetrate to the contents, and the hygienic condition of food stuffs which particular people now demand is assured.

Package goods are placed in striking designs, and while people do not buy groceries because they are arranged prettily in a store, such features impress most people as indications of the care and attention given to every portion of the business.

John J. Sweeney

No person is so hard to change in his habits, as the regular smoker, and to build up a patronage for a new brand of cigars, one must give these men something better than was ever offered them before, at the same price, while to retain these customers, the quality of the smoke must be kept up to the standard by which the first was produced.

It is not too much to say that many men have changed their brand of cigars in the past five years, for about that time John J. Sweeney, 160 Water street, began the manufacture of some of his lines, and as he has had unusual success from the start it is only natural to suppose that users of other brands recognized the superiority of his, and were willing to break their old habit when given sufficient reason for doing so. It may also be assumed that the quality of the first cigars offered has been continued, for the first customers have not only remained loyal, but many new ones have been added in succeeding years.

The Raven and Raven Perfectos are ten-centers finely rolled, well filled and have an aroma and taste distinctively pleasing to discriminating smokers.

The Boulder, Benedict, Raven Ponies and 4-43 are other popular brands, and the best filling and finest leaf tobacco are used for them. As fivecent cigars they are among the most highly commended by good judges.

All the brands manufactured by Mr. Sweeney are on sale at his store and at various other places, in and about this city, as he is a wholesaler as well as retailer.

Imported and domestic cigarettes, pipes, pouches and other smokers' supplies are sold in his store. Two cigar makers are employed, and Mr. Sweeney is himself an expert at this trade.

Mr. Sweeney has always lived in this city and learned his trade at Nolan's; he was also employed by another manufacturer here and embarked for himself in March. 1906. He Is a young and enterprising business man, and a citizen who seeks the advancement and welfare of this community.

White Drug Store

Of the many old established drug stores in Fitchburg, none has given better service to the public than the White Drug Store, 243 Main street, and under the present proprietorship of Scharton Bros., it is most enterprisingly and trustvvorthily conducted. In consequence, the patrons of the old concern have been retained and satisfied, while new friends and patrons are constantly being made by the present owners.

The business was conducted for some seventeen years by D. Charles O'Connor, and was the preferred customer of some of the largest manufacturing chemists in the United States. This favor has been shown the newer concern, and in succeeding Mr. O'Connor, the Scharton Bros, have continued the popular features of his business, and have added such stock and methods as seemed advisable.

It is one of the most extensively and thoroughly stocked pharmacies in this city, carrying all standard lines of drugs and chemicals, all the tested and guaranteed proprietary articles and remedies, and giving satisfaction to a large prescription trade, through accuracy and expertness in compounding, and the quality of the drugs always used.

Druggists' sundries, fancy goods, toilet articles and special liniments, powders, etc., are handled. The customary lines of high-grade confectionery and smokers' supplies, and a well-equipped soda fountain, are among the other accommodations.

The firm is composed of Victor A. and Ohmer A. Scharton, the latter being a registered druggist of more than ten years' experience. The good-will and stock of the White Drug Store was purchased by them in September, 1910, and since locating in our city they have given evidence of their mercantile ability and of their uprightness In business transactions.

The White Drug Store now enjoys the prestige it had in earlier days, and the Messrs. Scharton are considered most desirable additions to our business centre, and are interested in everything pertaining to the welfare of this community.

Bolles & Partridge

It is not the length of time a concern has been in business that most concerns the public with which it has dealings. The ability and uprightness of a firm can be judged in a comparatively short time and the verdict of the public is soon felt.

Though the undertaking business is one of the slowest in W'hich to become established, the firm of Holies & Partridge, 3 Lunenburg street, has already met the commendation and is numbered among the reliable concerns in this section.

The premises occupied were specially arranged for them, and combining office, showroom, workroom and morgue, they have one of the most modern and complete establishments in the county. Nothing about the store indicates the nature of the business; the feelings of the people who are called here are not unnecessarily disturbed, and the greatest tact and sympathy IS exercised in all operations th.rt this firm conducts.

The finest equipment of funeral furnishings is carried in stock and arrangements for the last rites are directed with skill and dignity. The members of this firm are proficient in the most modern methods of embalming, and the preservation of the body is attended to with that desirable effect that is now gained through the anatomical and hygienic knowledge that modern embalmers have.

Herbert H. Holies and P. E. Partridge are both of this school of undertakers and funeral directors, being graduates of some of the highest rated

The present partnership was formed in January, 1909, and the premises on Lunenburg street have been occupied since the twentieth of that month. The services of the firm have been more and more in demand as their ability and efficiency have become recognized, and a most desirable reputation has been achieved in a particularly short time.

Mr. Holies is a member of the Hoard of Trade and Merchants' association and of the Masonic fraternity, and he and Mr. Partridge have become identified with our community through their professional transactions and by their interest in all efforts for its welfare and advancement.

Every line of trade offers at least two methods for conducting it. One is to offer inferior goods at cheap prices, another is to furnish high-grade goods and get a consistent value for them, which is often no more than is charged for second-rate stock.

The policy which E. J. Sullivan, at 240 Water street, has always pursued is to offer first-class groceries that not only give satisfaction for the time being, but create a continued demand. Thus a permanent trade has been assured, and Mr. Sullivan has the confidence of his customers, who know they are not going to get one thing one time and a substitute the next.

Staple groceries of all kinds are handled here, sugar, spices, cereals, all prepared as well as uncooked foods, canned goods of reputation, bottled and pickled goods, table sauces and condiments, bakery and dairy products, enabling the housekeeper to order here her supplies of groceries, and be sure of having her demands supplied at once, and with goods and prices that will give satisfaction.

Mr. Sullivan carries various brands of flours from the great milling establishments in the Northwest, where the finest wheat is grown and prepared, and makes a specialty of Stock's Mikota and Rosebud brands, products appreciated for those qualities most necessary for cooking purposes.

Mr. Sullivan, who was bom in Fitchburg and has always resided here, was a moulder by trade, but has been In the grocery business for twenty years as proprietor of this store. He is a member of the Hoard of Trade and Merchants' association, and is regarded as one of our sound merchants and a citizen of standing.

Though there has been more than one occupant of the jewelry store at 126 Fairmount street in the Cleghorn district, there is no doubt that this section of our city will support and encourage an enterprise of this kind it it is properly conducted. For this reason, the success of the present proprietor, J. M. Deschenes, is most confidently predicted.

Mr. Deschenes is a practical and expert jeweler and watchmaker. He recentfiy added optical goods, and is now' prepared to do all kinds of work in that line.

In May, 1909, he started in business tor himself, in a small part of the store at 123 Fairmount street. There he continued until the site at 126 Fairmount street, for the past twelve years identified with the jewelry trade, was available.

Mr. Deschenes, ever since he started in business, has carried a particular line of w'atches and clocks, and a selected quantity of ornaments. To these he has added different designs in rings, charms, chains, lockets, etc., in gold or with precious stones embe...-ed. P'ancy articles, silverware and bric-a-brac have also been added to the display, while expert work, as formerly, is done in the repairing of watches, clocks or jewelry.

Mr. Deschenes has been a resident of Fitchburg for twenty-three years. After being employed in some of the city manufacturing plants, he gratified his desire and ambition to become a watchmaker and jeweler by attending the Horological school in Waltham. He spent a year there and on his graduation returned to Fitchburg and became established for himself, making the advancement and success that has placed him in his present location and position. He not only has accomplished much in two years but the prospects for the future are even brighter and more encouraging.

Clark A. Batchelder

Associate Justice Clark A. Hatchelder was born in Peru, 'Yt., February 23, 1848, and obtained his education in the town schools and the Westfield (Mass.) State Normal school. He waa also a pupil at Williston seminary, Easthampton, and of Eoston university, being a member of the first class that was graduated from the law school, in the year of 1873. In that early day, Mr. Batchelder and a fellow-pupil were given distinction through a special oral examination, in W'hich one of the examiners was John W. Hammond, justice of the Supreme Court.

At the university Mr. Eatchelder took special courses in higher mathematics and natural science, and for four years he was engaged as an Instructor at the Burr & Burton seminary, Manchester, Vt.

Mr. Batchelder opened a law office in Boston, but on account of the health of his wife took up his residence in Ayer and began practice there In 1878. He even then had constant transactions in our city, and in 1892 he opened an office here. He is now known as one of the leading members of the Worcester county bar.

Judge Batchelder has a large general law practice, but has to a great extent specialized in equity and his counsel and administration is sought in some of the largest and most important cases of this kind.

In 1904 he was appointed associate justice of the police court by Gov. John L. Bates, a position he has continued to fill with wisdom and integrity.

Judge Batchelder was a member of the school board in Ayer and has held a similar office in Fitchburg. He is Past Master of St. Paul lodge, A. F. & A. M., in Ayer, and is now affiliated with Aurora lodge. Personally as well as professionally he is numbered among our representative and public-spirited citizens.

The Rome Clothing Co

There is satisfaction not only in having good clothes but in having them to wear when they are seasonable and stylish. The cash or credit houses have done much to convenience many customers who depend upon their weekly wages and cannot get all their supplies out of one week's envelope. The system operated by these credit houses is such that a person can have new clothes and have the pleasure of wearing them while he or she is paying for them. This system is conducted by the Rome Clothing Company, 298-300 Main street, and in a way that has given satisfaction, and gained the confidence of the customers.

Because the person who buys here may be given some time to pay for his goods does not by any means prove that any of the quality shown at the strictly cash stores is lacking. In fact, the success of the credit system is to have the same customers return season after season, and this could only be done by giving thorough satisfaction.