Fitchburg City (part 1 of 8)

By Mrs. Caroline A. Mason

She dons no autocratic airs, In scorn of humbler days, But shapes her fortunes and affairs, To match the civic wreath she wears And justify her bays.

Source changes here: from Fitchburg : a Quality City : a Manufacturing and Mercantile Review, published 1912; 115,416 words in this source stream.

Fitchburg Gas & Electric Light Co

Every fair-minded person knows what is expected of public utilities, such as gas and electric light, heat and power, street car service, telephone accommodations, etc., and almost everyone is prepared to have the corporations providing them fall far short of what is expected of them.

In this respect an old saw comes to mind, "the exception proves the rule;" for whatever may be the state of affairs in some municipalities, it is certain that since the Tenney interests took control of the Fitchburg Gas Electric Light Co. no community has received better service or been afforded accommodations superior to what Fitchburg is receiving.

At the gas works It has overhauled the entire plant. Installed duplicate water-gas machinery, rearranged all piping, and put in concrete and ammonia tanks. A new office building has been erected, and a new station meter for gas Installed: also gas and electric meter laboratories.

A new stable has been built, and one of the buildings reconstructed so as to provide unusually good facilities for itorage of the stock of some $75,000

Several of the buildings have been re-equipped, one of which provides location for transformers; an entirely new electric switchboard has been installed at a cost of $15,000, and additional mechanical stokers have been supplied.

It has installed a 24-inch gas main from the depot to the Upper Common, where previously the largest in use was a 12-inch main, and that was laid but a short distance. Both gas and electric mains have been extended, and $10,000 spent on distribution lines for the Connecticut River Power Co.

Yet these expenditures have not meant expense to the consumers; on the contrary, while the efficiency has been advanced, the costs have been lowered. In April, 1909, the price of gas was reduced from $1.25 a thousand feet to $1.15. In January, 1910. the price of electricity for power was reduced from ten to twenty-five per cent. In September, 1910, the price of electricity for lighting was reduced from 14.4 to twelve cents net.

The price of municipal street lighting was reduced in October, 1910. The rate for arc lights is now $86.40 per year, and for 40-c.p. incandescents. $18.72 as compared with $95.00 and

Last year the company put out some 650 gas stoves, and now supplies four thousand. The number of gas meters in use is over five thousand, so the educational campaign conducted by this concern regarding the economy of gas as a fuel for cooking and heating has been highly productive of results. The ambitious managers look for a greater increase in consumers this year, and a more than proportionate advance in the use of gas stoves.

The gas works owned by the company has a capacity of 400,000 cubic feet, and the present demand averages three hundred thousand per day, though it is expected these figures will be increased rapidly.

A vertical retort installation manufactured in England, and lately purchased and set up by this company, gives a dally capacity of 250,000 feet. This is one of the most modern inventions in gas manufacturing, and is of the highest economy, since it is run continuously.

The change of the company's salesrooms to 256 Main street in July, 1909, has been of immense advantage to the organization and its patrons. Whereas formerly 76 per cent, of the customers

The store is one of the most attractively arranged and completely stocked in this part of New England, and this to some extent accounts for the extensive sale of gas stoves and other gas and electric fixtures. The lines carried are not only of the most improved makes, but ample and convincing demonstrations are given; and no mercantile establishment in our city is more alert or pleased to show goods.

The original gas company in Fitchburg was formed in 1853, and electricity was introduced in 1890. The Tenney interests, controlling gas or electric companies in sixteen cities, came into possession in 1909, and the officers are C. H. Tenney, Springfield, president; A. B. Tenney, first vice-president; D. E. Manson, second vice-president; Palmer York, treasurer; H. T. Sands, general manager; and Clifton R. Hayes, local manager.

While there is generally an oldrooted prejudice to outside capital having the charter or ownership of any public utility, the Fitchburg Gas & Electric Company has repeatedly earned the good-will of our public, and has demonstrated what effectual organization can do, and what capital wisely expended can accomplish.

Company

The service that is offered by the Connecticut Kiver Transmission Co. has met with prompt acceptance since it was presented to manufacturers in this city, and to other districts in Central Massachusetts, and it is a matter of gratification that Fitchburg was chosen as the location for the headquarters of the operating department of this great corporation.

This company has a dam and powerhouse on the Connecticut xivetr at Vernon, Vt., with a capacity of 30,000 horse-power, and has built transmission lines through Vermont, New Hampshire, and Central Massachusetts, reaching Wlnchendon, Gardner, Fitchburg, Clinton and Worcester.

It supplies electric energy for power and lighting to the various cities and towns along the way, and its services have been immediately accepted by uianufacturers and lighting companies along its lines, thus showing its great economic value to the territory.

The Gardner Electric Light Co. secures its supply from this source, and in turn furnishes electric service to Ashburnham and Templeton. It is about to extend its lines to Winchendon, Westminster, Hubbardston and Bar re.

In Clinton the immense factories of the Lancaster Mills take their power from this company, and in Marlboro, the Marlboro Electric Co., which distributes to the towns of Berlin, Northboro, Westboro and Shrewsbury.

The American Steel & Wire Co., Osgood Bradley Car Co., Norton Grinding Co., Morgan Spring Co., Worcester tressed Steel Co., all of Worcester, are under contract with the Transmission Co. for their power requirements, and negotiations are constantly in progress with other towns and manufacturers.

The crew of nearly one hundred men that is employed in directing and operating this important industry have their headquarters in this city, and many of them were brought from other places, so that this company has been instrumental in attracting to our city an expert and well-paid class of operatives, who are most desirable residents in any community.

The services offered by such a corporation, in affording the power for the operation of mills and factories, are by demonstration the most economical that can be produced, in proof of which Crocker, Burbank & Co. have recently had the Connecticut River

Transmission Co.'s installation placed in all of iheir mills, and in their new mills under construction are relying entirely on Connecticut River service for power and lighting, while the Falulah Paper Co. has had its mill wholly re-equipped, supplanting its steam power with electricity.

The Parkhill Mfg. Co. is also operated by electricity, and the Cleghorn mill of this corporation was the first one in Fitchburg to be installed by tne Connecticut River Co., and the second with which this corporation had a contract.

The Louis DeJonge Paper Co. was also one of the original customers of the company, and found this source of power so economical and efficient that they were justified in changing from their own high-class steam turbine plant.

An arrangement is also in force with the Fitchburg Gas & Electric Light Co. whereby it secures its supply from the Connecticut River Co. at times, and is prepared to furnish steam power to that company in case of accident or emergency.

In this city the Company leases poles and wires, in accordance with a city ordinance that will not allow duplicate equipment of this sort, but in general it owns its poles, wires, etc., and has a large investment in property and equipment.

The officers are Henry I. Harriman Newton, president; Malcolm G. Chase, Providence, vice-president; W. W. Brooks, Boston, treasurer; and Ernest J. Richards, general superintendent. One of the directors is Mr. Arthur H. Lowe, treasurer of the Parkhill Manufacturing Co.

Mr. Richards is located in Fitchburg, and has been a most efficient and enterprising representative of the company. The corporation is promoted by men of financial strength and sagacity, and the success it has obtained is evidence of their wisdom and foresight, and an indication of what future years will bring.

American Woolen Company

Though the American Woolen Company has under its supervision and capital some thirty-two mills, each one Is practically independent, and the Cambridge-Beoli mill in this city on Westminster street, corner of Simonds roa^d, has been continued on the same lines that were established by its local founders, though with greatly increased capacity and output.

The Cambridge-Beoli mill specializes on high-grade goods, and while there is competition even among the mills of this great corporation as well as with those outside of this circle, there is a general acknowledgement that in fine worsted suitings there is no manufactory in the country which makes a better or more steadily maintained quality than that which comes from the Fitchburg mill.

manufactured here; and in colors, patterns, workmanship and durability of fabrics, there are no better known or more soundly recommended worsteds than these. The plant is equipped with every facility to produce a high-grade output, and every process is so supervised that perfection in operation as well as in results will be attained.

Several pattern rooms where samples are designed, woven and inspected are maintained, and two hundred and fifty-four looms are operated. The employes are among the most skilled textile workers in our city, and this is an Important consideration, since the quantity as weil as the quality of the product depends upon the efficiency of the workers.

Economic production also takes account of space and machinery, and the more capable the worker, the more economy can be exercised in equipment and capacity, allowing the manufacturer to undersell those who have waste in these departments.

The Cambridge-Beoli mill is managed expertly, pays good wages and gets the best service possible. The number of people employed ranges from five to seven hundred, and many of them are heads of families, whose earnings give them a spending power that is felt in every part of our city and benefits every other enterprise accordingly.

The output last year amounted to approximately a million yards of suitings, and this result has been attained through advancing and progressive methods.

The Beoli, in its early days a local proposition, was founded in 1871 by Edward M. Rockwell and James Phillips, Jr. It was incorporated in September, 1893, and was purchased by the American Woolen Company in 1898. The original mill is now a smali building among those of the modern plant, which occupies two acres of grou'nd.

The Beoli mill, in machinery, power and facilities ranks among the best and most up-to-date worsted mills in this part of the country. Its products are handled by the American Woolen Company and are sold in every part of the United States, thus indirectly reflecting credit upon the city where they are manufactured. The same company operates the Arden mills.

J. C. Werner, who has been agent of the mill for the past year, is an experienced textile man who was formerly located in Broad Brook, Ct. He has made a most capable executive for the local plant, having the good-will of the employes and the confldence of the stockholders, so that harmonious relations are maintained and operations continued in a manner that gains commendation for the company and its representative.

Shirreffs Worsted Company

Every manufacturing concern in our city adds to the reputation of Fitchburg as a manufacturing centre, and is a source of gratification to public-spirited citizens, who desire the development and prosperity of this community. Where such a fine plant as that occupied by the Shirreffs Worsted Company in South Fitchburg is erected and occupied, praise as well as pride is bestowed upon it by the public.

This company,* incorporated in 1903, and first located in North Chelmsford, was removed into its present fine premises on Rose and Sheridan streets in the December following, and the six and a half years succeeding have been a period of continual and successful operation, creditable not only to the management but having a corresponding benefit to the community generally.

As a manufacturer of fine worsted goods for men's suitings and trouserings, the Shirreffs Worsted Company has gained a reputation for a highclass product second to none in the field. The finest yarns are used for the processes and every detail of workmanship that results in perfect and durable textures, is employed, so that a highgrade product has been the standard raised and maintained. This of course, would not be possible, except for skill and capable supervision in every department, and this mill has the advantage of a manager expert in every branch of the industry and efficient in administering as well as operating methods. Thus, from the buying to the selling, there is capable supervision, so that economies are practiced where efficiency is not lessened, and the company becomes a strong competitor in the most active markets.

The modern construction and up-todate equipment of the mill assists in the reasonable cost of production, for space and installation were carefully planned to the end that each operation might be conveniently and rapidly performed, and the high-class machinery in use turns out a great amount of perfect work.

The plant comprises a two-story brick building, 225x65 feet, and a onestory weave shed, 200x100 feet. One hundred looms are operated and two hundred and fifty people employed. Though this number is a third or smaller fraction of that employed by some of our older mills, the fact remains that such a list of wage- earners is beneficial to every pursuit in this municipality. It represents a number who would otherwise be unemployed or leaving our city, and who are now residents here, expending their earnings, which amount to about $150,000 per annum, through local mediums.

The plant and product amounts to almost a million, moreover is so arranged that it can be enlarged and extended, and no one believes that it has reached its full capacity.

The fancy worsteds of the company amounting to almost $1,000,000 annually, are sold through its agent, Ethan Allen of New York, and largely distributed over the entire United States.

The founders and present officers of the Shirreffs Worsted Company are George R. Wallace, president; John Shirreffs, treasurer and manager. Mr. Wallace, as is well known, is one of the ablest financiers in our city, and an investor in many of its industries, beside the Fitchburg Paper company, of which he has been one of the owners for many years. Mr. Shirreffs is one of the best informed and most capable textile men in this community. He was formerly connected with James Phillips, Jr., who was one of the founders of some of the first worsted mills here, and following this Mr. Shirreffs was agent for both of the American Woolen company's mills here. His practical and experienced methods have been most successfully demonstrated in his management of the Shirreffs Worsted Company, and he has brought it to a successful issue, which is not only an assurance of Its present, but also of its future, prosperity and development.

The Fitchburg Sentinel

The well-known establishment of J. Cushing & Co. is an industry that in Its field gives complete service to Fitchburg, and is a company which brings credit to our city through extensive trnns.ictions in other territory, and demonstrates the facilities Fitchburg offers as a trading center.

As operators of grain mills and elevators, the company supplies not only the trade in this immediate vicinity, but is one of the best-known, and most largely patronized concerns on the F'itchburg division of the Boston & Maine railroad, and the Old Colony division of the New York, New Haven and Hartford.

It is the owner of seven different branch houses, including one in Cambridge, which is among the most modern and capacious plants in New England, where every up-to-date facility Is employed, and a large patronage supplied.

soundly-rated houses in this community; its organization dating back more than half a century, and the firm has distinguished itself by steady progress and its alertness to the demands of the times.

It was in 1858 that iseph Cushing became a dealer in fid. r and grain. Ten years later he took th' occupancy of the old stone mill on Cu& 'ing street, which has been the foundat on site of the constant development that has since taken place.

Numerous additions have been made to the original plant, new buildings erected, and modern facilities inctalled, so that space of two acres is now used, and one of the largest elevators in the state operated.

It has a capacity of one hundred thousand bushels, and together with other space allows storage capacity which will accommodate four hundred ca^loatiS.

The conveniences that are practiced In this trade can be no better illustrated than by the fact that the concern empties a car of corn in twenty minutes.

A spur track, running close to the building is owned, and all the equipment that will tend to prompt and economical transportation, is operated.

The machinery for grinding is of the most improved Invention, and the concern has its own process for the production of a henfeed that is recommended as superior to any similar product on the market.

A high grade of cracked corn and meal are other outputs that have given the firm a reputation that has always been maintained by the consistency of the production and the standard that is set and realized. Oats, corn and wheat are ground on the premises. In addition to water power, an auxiliary electric plant is installed, so that operations are practically unceasing.

entire capacity in the transactions that take place here, the volume of business done by J. Cushing & Co. is not to be measured by the cargoes that come into and leave Fitchburg. On the contrary, the majority of shipments are diverted before coming to Fitchburg, and two-thirds of them are consigned to customers from other railroad points.

The present company consists of six members of the Cushing family, who have carried on the business since the death of Joseph Cushing, which was in 1894.

The late Joseph Cushing was an active and responsible citizen who invested in Fitchburg property outside of his grain and flour business. The family now owns much property here, maintains the prestige of the founder of the business in integrity and public spirit, upholds the supremacy of the Cushing mill, and gives prominence to Fitchburg as a milling and wholesale trading center.

Few concerns in Fitchburg are more favorably or widely known than the wholesale grocers, C. A. Cross & Co., 21 Broad street. The business, which was founded nearly half a century ago, has been steadily developed, and its prominence at the present time is due to the fact that it has always been alert to the demands of the times, has been one of the most progressive auc up-to-date houses in this section, and hi.s offered a service that has gained the confidence of the many resailei? who have dealings with it.

The plant on Broad street, next to the Boston & Maine railroad, has been repeatedly enlarged, improved facilities have been installed, including storage and delivery in Leominster and Gardner, until it has now one of the finest eiiuipments for handling its trade of any such concern in the county. An extension of one hundred and fifteen feet was added to the building in 1895, and it now measures two hundred feet, with a width of thirty-six, and three floors are occupied.

A platform extends out to the railroad tracks, so that consignments are unloaded without loss of time and labor, and shipments are made in the same direct way, so that the economy thus obtained gives the firm an advantage in both purchasing and selling.

The territory covered comprises practically all retail grocers in this city, to the west as far as Orange and Athol, and to Leominster and Clinton cri the other side.

.411 staple and fancy grocerii^s ere handled, and such a specialty is made of teas and coffees that transactions in these commodities are conducted in New York, New Hampshire, Vermont,

The Cross Company roast, grind, and pack their own coffees. The Red Cross brand is or of the best makes of coffee, and . i put upon the market by this house.' The strength, purity, and delightful .aste and aroma of this make it one of the most popular and largely demanded by discriminating people.

Teas are also carefully packed here, and a number of special canned goods, specially produced for the Cross Company, under "Success" brand, are dealt in

The company also handles oil and gasolene, and has had its own tanks for this purpose. More than an acre of floor space is required for the varied and extensive operations of thi' concern. Twenty men are employed ' A - d five teams are used for local deliveries.

The late C- A. Cross, who was president at the time of his death, was originally in the retail grocery business. When he started the wholesale enterprise he began in a small way, but consistently maintained a high standard of trade ethics that brought him many friends and customers, until he was known far and wide for his integrity and ability.

His two sons are now in charge of affairs. The young men have been associated with the business since they left school, and though their experience is no. yet as extensive as that of the form ;r head, they are maintaining the old policy of straightforwardness and aggressiveness, are upholding the high reputation of the concern, and are wihping prestige by their foresight and trustworthiness.

C. H. Cowdrey Machine Works

Though Fitchburg has long held a most desirable reputation as a machine city, there is no duplicate of the concern of the C. H. Cowdrey Machine Works here; and very few of its kind are in operation throughout this country. Machinery in bulk, or along conventional lines, is manufactured by a number of companies in our city, but the Cowdrey Machine Works has a field peculiar to itself in the building of machinery for special purposes and in the experimental work needed to clothe an inventor's ideas with form and develop them into practical and profitable shape. There are few of the wonderful machines of today whose history does not include a period when the obstacles seemed almost insurmountable, and it is at times like this that the services of such machinists are beyond estimation.

The C. H. Cowdrey Machine Works, in the rear of 9 Main street, comprises a factory of 25,000 square feet on three fioors and a drafting-room. This drafting-room contains 2000 square feet, and the space devoted to this branch of the business tells its own story of the character and the volume of transactions taking place.

As contractors, builders, and designers, the Cowdrey Machine Works has been an organization patronized largely by the United States Government for the manufacture of projeciles. They also have been the manufacturers of mining equipment for Japan, Australia, and other countries, and the ingenuity as well as the workmanship of this Fitchburg concern has received the highest commendation in numerous foreign markets as well as in the domestic market.

and textile mills in the United States. Other products in steel and iron have been specially planned and constructed - shoe machinery, printing presses, pumps, etc., also celluloid and horn press machinery.

The plant of the firm has in recent years been almost entirely re-equipped with the most modern tools and appliances for the building of special machinery. The development of the firm is due not only to its unusual organization and facilities, but also to the alertness and understanding with which it caters to the demands of modern times. The eariy business, founded in 1875 by Charles H. Cowdrey, was mainly in wood-working machinery, but the trend of the presentday industrial world toward specialization was foreseen by this company iong before many others were aware of it, and in the development of this policy has come its present importance and distinction.

The firm gives employment to nearly 100 men, and practically all are skilled workmen, whose wages are proportionate to their craftsmanship and experience. They form a most desirable part of the city's population, whose earnings and subsequent disbursements have a bearing upon every institution in this community, and as the Cowdrey Works is the source of these finances, its successful operation is a matter of interest and congratulation to every citizen.

The firm is composed of Henry E. Cowdrey and Charles F. Cowdrey, sons of the founder, who have been the sole owners since the death of their parent in December, 1896. Henry E. Cowdrey became associated with the works six months after his father established it. Charles F. Cowdrey has been with them for twenty-six years.

Principles of stability and steadfastness have been combined with methods of enterprise and advancement, so that durability in construction and thoroughness in workmanhip are features that have always been maintained, while ingenuity and the initiative have constantly been practiced.

In short, the C. H. Cowdrey Machine Works not only has an unsurpassed reputation of its own, but adds to the prestige of Fitchburg as a machine city.

Andre A. Cote

As recently established as August, 1910, the pharmacy of Andre A. Cote, 214 Fairmount street, represents the most improved ideas in store arrangements and in pharmaceutical stock.

It is one of the newest mercantile enterprises in the Cleghorn district, and in modern methods and capable service stands for the best, and accommodates this district as only a high-class drug store can.

The leading and guaranteed lines of drugs and chemicals are dealt in, and the stock is arranged attractively on the shelves, and in the most Improved receptacles for pharmaceutical goods. A number of preparations are made specially for this concern, and bear the name of the firm, a guarantee of their quality and usefulness.

Other proprietary medicines and articles that are known to have curative values are carried, an up-to-date stock of druggists' sundries, toilet articles, fancy goods, etc., is shown, aim in quality and quantity the selection mc,ets the approval of a large patronage in this section.

Confectionery, soda, cigars, and other goods of the kind which are usually shown in a first-class drug store are carried here, and as prices are always reasonable, and the service courteous and prompt, there has been a continual increase in trade in the past eight months, and a great deal of credit is given the proprietor for the convenience and accommodations which he has furnished this neighborhood.

Mr. Cote has been a druggist for the past thirteen years, and was formerly the owner of a business in New York city, where he was located from 1900 to 1906. The succeeding years he has been located in Fitchburg, and was formerly employed in the Cleghorn district. He opened his own store in August, 1910, and the immediate success attained showed the wisdom of this movement.

Mr. Cote is a member of the Amercan Pharmaceutical Association, is known as a chemist of particular ability and skill, and is regarded as one of our most progressive young business men.

The banks of Fitchburg have a record unsurpassed by those of any other city in the United States. No depositor has ever lost a dollar in any Fitchburg financial institution, and the growth of the banks, like the growth of the city itself, has always been along the most desirable lines, with absolute freedom from "wild cat" artificial methods, and there has always been conservative progress.

Referring to the various banks in the order in which they came into existence, the Fitchburg National Bank was the first, having been chartered as the "Fitchburg Bank" in 1832, and having recirganized in 1865 as a national bank. It has a capital of $250,000, and a surplus and unaivided earnings of $32o.-

The Fitchburg Savings Bank began business in 1846. Until 1871, its place or Dusiness was in the Fitchburg Bana building. In 1872, the bank built Its own building, 352 Main street, which is without doubt the best bum business block in the city, in 1006, tne bank moved to the street floor of the building, where it has modern banking rooms. Irancis Perkins was the first president of the Fitchburg Savings Bank, and Ebenezer Torrey the first treasurer. They were succeeded by Hon. T. K. Ware, and C. E. Ware as presidents, and Charles J. Billings, Brigham N. Bullock, Andrew Jewett and iiTederic C. Nichols, as treasurers. The bank now has about 13,000 depositors, with deposits of over six million dollars, and total resources of nearly six and one-half million dollars.

The Fitchburg Safe Deposit & Trust Co. is the successor of the Rollstone National Bank, which was chartered in 1849 as the "Rollstone Bank," and was reorganized into a national bank m 1866. The first home of the Rollstone Bank was a small granite building, standing where the Rollstone building, owned by Henry McGrath, now stands. The Fitchburg Safe Deposit & Trust Co. has a capital of $260,000, and surplus and undivided earnings of $165,- 000, and its deposits are in the vicinity of a million and a half dollars. Its of fleers are Hon. George R. Wallace, president; Herbert G. Morse, secretary and treasurer, and Frederick W. Holden, assistant secretary, and the company has a most representative board of directors. Hon. Moses Wood was the first president of the Rollstone Bank, then Alvah Crocker, and he was succeeded in 1873 by Henry A. Willis.

The Worcester North Savings Institution has been in business since 1868. Hon. Moses Wood was its first president, succeeded by Augustus Whitman, Benjamin Snow, Lowell M. Miles, Hon. Amasa Norcross, J. F. D. Garfield and Henry A. Willis, the present incumbent.

Mr. Willis, who is the dean of Fitchburg bankers, was the treasurer of the bank from its beginning until 1912, when he was chosen president. Under the able management of Mr. Willis, the institution has become very large, having over sixteen thousand depositors, with deposits aggregating $7,800,000. To the ability and careful conservatism of Mr. Willis the splendid condition of the bank is largely

The Safety Fund National Bank began business in 1874, and owns its handsome building on Main street. The capital of the bank is $200,000, with more than that in surplus and undivided earnings, and its deposits are steadily increasing. Henry Allison was its first president, and Frederick F. Woodward its first cashier. The pr( sent officers are Elmer A. Onthank, president; George N. Proctor, vicepresident; Samuel H. Lowe, cashier, and John C. Dexter, assistant cashier, and it has an active and able board of directors. In November, 1911, the Safety Fund National Bank absorbed the Wachusett National Bank.

The Fitchburg Cooperative Bank, incorporated in 1877, has grown to be one of the banner cooperative banks of the state, with about 3000 depositors

Dr. Jabez Fisher practically founded this bank and was its first president. Upon the death of Wilbur B. Tenney who long held that office. Dr. Fisher s son, J. Frank Fisher, was chosen its president and is now serving in that capacity. Ebenezer Bailey is its vicepresident, and Warner M. Allen its secretary and treasurer.

The Fidelity Cooperative Bank began business in 1888, and has nearly 1800 depositors, with deposits aggregating $1,100,000. Samuel L. Graves is its president, David H. Merriam, vicepresident, and Wylon G. Hayes, secretary and treasurer.

This bank has long been recognized as one of the best managed cooperative institutions in Massachusetts, attracting deposits from all over the state. It is finely located on the second floor of the Fitchburg Savings Bank block, where it has massive vaults and other equipment equal to those usually found in large commercial banks. .

It is especially worthy of mention that the banks of Fitchburg, both savings and commercial, have always stood practically as a unit in being wiiling to loan all the money they possibly could in Fitchburg, having ample confidence in its wage earners and merchants and manufacturers. This is so absoiutely different from the attitude taken by financial institutions in many other places that it deserves emphasis. Any reliable, faithful, and temperate employee of any manufacturer in Fitchburg, who desires to purchase a home, will be aided, to the extent that the law permits, by either the savings or cooperative banks of the city. In no other place of the writer's knowledge can a deserving man of small means, who has been unfortunate, and desires a small loan temporarily, so easily secure a loan from a commercial bank. The national banks and trust company of Fitchburg never turn a man down, whose reputation is good, even if he desires but $25, and the bank actually makes no money by lending so small a sum. The deserving manufacturers and merchants of Fitchburg are always taken care of by the local banks, at their borrowing season, and there is a remarkably strong reciprocal arrangement by which a regular customer of one bank may borrow at another, if his demands temporarily exceed the limit his own bank may lend him.

The city of Fitchburg, then, offers to the newcomer, whether he be a humble employee of a mill, a man who settles on a farm in the outskirts, or the merchant or manufacturer, far more than the ordinary inducements in the way of banking facilities. It has been well said that one person a man should be perfectly honest with is his banker. Hence, as has been said here, ajiyone who tells a local banker the truth, and whose record is clear, will be taken care of, and generously, by the banks of Fitchburg.

It is a splendid commentary on the thrift of the people of Fitchburg and vicinity, that there are over 34,000 depositors in the local savings and cooperative banks, with deposits aggregating over sixteen million dollars. Of this vast sum, about ten million dollars is loaned on mortgages, the bulk of which are, of course, in Fitchburg. There are about 3300 of these mortgages, averaging about $3100 each. The average size of these loans is conclusive evidence not only of the thrift of the Fitchburg people, but also of the conservatism and fairness of the banking institutions. As this point may not be entirely clear to many, a brief explanation of it may be interesting. In nearly all of the great savings banks of the large cities, the average amount of each mortgage loan is frequently $20,000. In many places much smaller than Fitchburg, the average size is much larger than in Fitchburg. This means that the officers of these banks have made fewer loans, but mostly larger in size (on large blocks, etc.), and quite frequentiy only to the rich realty holder, and have not especially favored the small houseowner. In Fitchburg (as the figures given absolutely prove), the exact opposite is true, and the average loan of the Fitchburg savings institutions is but a littie over $3000, as previously stated.

All the banks of Fitchburg welcome the small depositor. Either savings bank will accept sums from $1 to $1000, and one of them even allows interest on $1 accounts, feeling that a child with only that sum should receive interest, quite as much as the rich man with $1000. In the commercial banks especial attention is paid the small depositor, and no well recommended man will be refused a check acedunt even if his initial deposit is small, provided, of course, that he never overdraws his account, or does anything else contrary to usual banking rules. In the national banks and trust company are deposits aggregating nearly five million dollars, and as much of this money as there is a market for in Fitchburg, is ioaned here. Thus, there is in ali the financial institutions the tremendous sum of twenty-one million dollars, always ready for loans and investments, the character of which must suit the various boards who handle them.

With the caution so characteristic of New England citizens, the directors of Fitchburg banks are ioath to risk their depositors' money in specuiative enterprises, and Fitchburg is a poor city for the fake promoter, who wants a company formed and a plant built in which ne will not put a cent. But me hones L farmer, the industrious miil hanu, the thrifty mechanic, and the merchant ahd manufacturer, who have a recoru of square dealing, will get more assistance in Fitchburg than in any other city in New England.

Knowing the advantages of a great diversity of industries, from Fitchburg s wonderful record of prosperity during tne last twenty years, when the "one industry" city or town was struggling through a period of panic or aepression, and realizing that we have here the finest types of wage earners in New England, the banks of Fitchburg offer to the manufacturer who will locate here, and who will put his own money into the proposition (whether his means or his plant be large or small), every assistance, and the most cordial cooperation.

The writer feels that this article would be incomplete, and subject to just criticism should no mention be made of some of those good men who have passed on, to whose integrity and farsightedness is due, to such a large extent, the honorable place occupied by our banks in the financial world today. Within a decade there have been many changes among the officials of the banks. Going back no farther than that, the reader of this article will easily recall Rodney Wallace and Brigham N. Bullock, to whose good judgment and unselflsn efforts the Fitchburg National and Savings Banks, as well as nearly every other enterprise in Fitchburg, owe so much; Andrew Jewett, of tfie Fitchburg Savings Bank, and Henry G. Morse, whose connection with that institution, and the Fidelity Cooperative Bank, was long and honorable; George E. Clifford, whose financial ability was shown as president of the Wachusett National Bank and the Fidelity Cooperative Bank, as well as in his faithful performance of the duties of city treasurer; Henry T. Page, many years a director of the Rollstone National Bank, Fitchburg Safe Deposit and Trust Co., and trustee of the Worcester North Savings Institution; J. F. D. Garfield, long president of the latter bank, and active director in the Safety- Fund National Bank; Wilbur B. Tenney, whose connection with the Roll stone National Bank, and its suocessor, is the more easily remembered, but who as president of the Fitchburg Cooperative Bank, and in many other positions of trust and responsibility, left an unblemished record T and Charles T. Crocker, whose activities were so many, while not in the usual sense a banker, was connected with several banks, and his advice and influence were sought and followed by the officials of numerous financial institutions. No community can name a list of more honorable men. Small wonder, then, that the city of Fitchburg and its banks have prospered.

Exterior Fitchburg National Bank

The financial Institutions of any city reflect its prosperity, and are many times instrumental in encouraging home industries, and attracting new ones to the community. Fitchburg has been especially fortunate In this respect, for its banks generally have been most ably and astutely managed, gaining reputation for themselves as

It Is particularly noticeable that though the capital stock of the bank is $250,000, the surplus and undivided profits are more than $66,000 in excess of this. These figures show more consound and well-organized institutions, and reflecting credit upon the community which they represent.

Prominent among them is the Fitchburg National Bank, the oldest in this city, and one of the oldest in the state. Organized as a state bank in 1832, it was chartered as a national bank in 1865, and that its eighty years of clusively than mere words the acumen and foresight with which this organization has been directed, and tjie sagacity and integrity that have been devoted to it by the gentlemen who constitute its board of directors.

of it, and in this respect the Fitchburg National Bank has been particuia.ly fortunate. From its inception it has received the fostering care of some of the city's soundest business and financial men, and at the present time its governing board are men of highest character who have had pronounced success in their own affairs, and have devoted to the bank's interest the keenness and alertness that were conducive to prosperity in their individual enterprises.

Henry F. Coggshall, retired manufacturer; Carmi M. Parker, retired manufacturer; Arthur H. Lowe, treasurer of the Parkhill Manufacturing Co. and president of the Lancaster Mills; Herbert I. Wallace, of the Fitchburg Paper Co.; Daniel Simonds, president of Simonds Manufacturing Co.; Charles E. Ware, attorneyat-law; FYed I. Johnson, of the Iver Johnson's Arms and Cycle Works; George P. Grant, Jr., treasurer of the Grant Yarn Co., and general manager of Fitchburg Yarn Co.;H. G. Townend, president; J. Lovell Johnson, of the Iver Johnson's Arms and Cycle Works; Jesse P. Lyman, president of the American Glue Co.; Alvah Crocker, of Crocker, Burbank & Co.; Frederic C. Nichols, treasurer of the Fitchburg Savings Bank; and George V. Upton, treasurer of the Fitchburg Horn Goods Co.

Again, the bank has been fortunate in having officers who have held their positions for long periods, and consequently could acquire that close and intimate knowledge of affairs that is essential in following a maintained policy or inaugurating new movements.

It has had but five presidents - Francis Perkins, Ebenezer Torrey, B. N. Bullock, Herbert I. Wallace, and the present incumbent of that office, Harry G. Townend.

Its policy has been to promote its own employees, and this rule has imbued the workers here with a sense of responsibility and opportunity that has been shown in faithful energy and unwavering loyalty; a condition that

I'he bank is located at 352 Main street in the Fitchburg Savings Bank building, and has been in this section of the city ever since its foundation. In the fall of 1906 the present premises on the street floor were leased and fitted with the fixtures, arrangements and equipment appropriate to an establishment of its standing and importance. Mahogany wood finish and desks, marble and bronze counters, mosaic floor, and other interior finish in keeping with the dignity of the institution were installed; improved facilities provided for the preservation of funds and accounts, and safety deposit boxes offered for rent.

The period covered by the history of this bank is very nearly identical with that in which Fitchburg evolved from an agricultural settlement with prospects not brighter, apparently, than those of its neighbors, into the manufacturing and commercial center of today. If the bank's history might be written in detail it would be better realized how large a part of the city's growth has been due to the influence it has exerted. In such an institution the value of the small depositor is realized, for it has many times seen the young and struggling business man win out and become a citizen of high standing in financial and social circles. How much the timely advice and cooperation of the bank has contributed to this result only those most concerned may know. In greater or less degree this spirit of helpfulness has been realized by many of the stronger interests of the city, and this bank's integrity, wise conservation of the best of the old methods, and progressiveness toward all that is good In the new, is one of the city's most valuable assets.

Bank

llepresentative of the best modern fniancial institutions, and devoted to thi- mercantile and industrial enterprises, is the Safety Fund National Bank of Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Its location, equipment, spirit and manner of administration, combine to make it an organization of unquestionable standing.

It has been located, since 1895. at 229 Main street, in Its own building, one of which the city may well be proud. The bank occupies the first floor with offices and private rooms well designed to accommodate all clients. The vault is of the very modern construction, heavy double doors, time lock and other safety devices being strong proof against any vandalism.

The integrity of this institution is a security of the best kind, for its conduct, wise, conservative and still progressive and enterprising, is such that it has always been highly commended by the public. It is not afraid to lake a step in advance, but that step is always sagaciously considered before it is taken. Its power has been recently strengthened by the consolidation of the Wachusett National Bank tinder its management.

And as to this management, it is wise, harmonious and successful, resulting from the cooperation of its officials and board of directors in the business of the bank and its relations to civic interests.

All enterprises which attain fireeminence by reason of efficient service to the public and the accumulation of maximum resources which guarantee stability are given special commendation. Because these conditions have been fulfilled this institution is classed by high financial interests throughout the country as a ''Roll of Honor" bank.

Success of this kind was not attained by accident, but was made possible by an administration of its affairs, which, while holding to safe principles, yet recognized the demands of modern enterprise and had the courage to meet them.

Recognizing as a requisite the power to control capital, and counting as valuable assets, integrity and official courtesy, the Safety Fund guarantees

Safe Deposit

The reputation and success of a financial institution necessarily depend upon the men who govern its policy and direct its affairs. The more able and experienced its directors, the greater the confidence of the public, and those who desire its services and accommodations.

Naturally, men who have been successful in their own industries and professions are competent to wisely and successfully manage an incorporated body, and the board of directors of the Fitchburg Safe Deposit & Trust Company is made up of men representative of success in different fields. Devoting the same sagacity and diligence to the development of the bank's career, a corresponding result has been effected; and though this company as now organized is the newest financial organization in our city, it is by no means the least successful, and its influence has been felt in many movements that have been productive for the company itself, and for Fitchburg generally.

Incorporated in 1906, the Fitchburg Safe Deposit & Trust Co. is the successor to the Fitchburg Trust Co., and to the Rollstone National Bank, which was chartered in 1849 as a state bank, and in 1864 as a national bank.

The capital stock of the present company is $250,000, with a surplus of $125,000. With these finances at its disposal, this organization is in a position to give the best accommodations in banking service, and to give its patrons all the facilities which modern banking houses provide.

That particular discretion is shown In its management is assured to any person acquainted in Fitchburg when he is informed of the officers and board of directors, men who are identified with the largest manufacturing and professional interests in this city, and men who handle large sums of money In their own behalf.

The ability that has placed them in foremost positions in the industrial world is exercised in their direction of this company's affairs, and the remarkable success the Fitchburg Safe Deposit & Trust Co. has achieved in a comparatively few years is credited to their activity, foresight, alertness, and uprightness. And this company has not only been raised to a place of eminence in financial circles, but its reputation has been beneficial to this community, assisting to its growth and prosperity.

The president of this company, George R. Wallace, is one of the heaviest investors in our city, and a manufacturer whose company's operations have been influential in the city's development. Herbert G. Morse, secretary and treasurer, is an officer who has had long and sound experience in financial affairs, and in his dealings with the public has displayed a discernment and consideration creditable to himself and to the institution which he represents.

and confidence of this community, and are regarded as leaders in their different capacities. As officers of this trust company they are working for the welfare of this municipality as well as for the corporation itself.

This board of directors comprises; C. F. Baker, attorney-at-law; Louis E. Carlton, president Heywood Bros. & Wakefield Co.; C. T. Crocker, Crocker, Burbank & Co.; M. B. Damon.' president Fitchburg Hardware Co.; F. O. Hardy, treasurer W. A. Hardy & Sons Co.; M. D. Haws, capitalist; Joseph P. Holman, President P'. A. Whitney Carriage Co.; Russell B. Lowe, president

Fitchburg Savings Bank

The Fitchburg Savings Bank, which owns the handsome building, a picture of which appears with this article, is one of the oldest and strongest banks in Northern Worcester County.

lucoiporated in 1846, it has had a stead.v growth during all the sixty-five years of its existence. The trustees of the bank have always been among the leading citizens of Fitchburg, and its immediate vicinity. Practically every successful business in Fitchburg, during the last seven decades, has been represented on the board of this bank, which has moved steadily on through the years when there was panic and depression throughout the country, as well as the more prosperous periods.

The Board of Investment of the bank has always been strong, and as constituted today is especially well rounded and competent to meet any financial situation. This board, giving the names in order of the seniority of service, is composed of the following gentlemen: Carml M. Parker, Charles E. Ware, George R. Wallace, J. Lovell Johnson, Frank H. Foss, and Sidney H. Francis. The treasurer of the bank, Frederic C. Nichols, is its chairman, ex-officio.

The bank building was built in 1871, and was ready for occupancy in 1872. For many years the Fitchburg Savings Bank and the Fitchburg National Bank were on the second floor. The savings bank moved to the street floor in October, 1906, where it has a modern and up-to-date banking room. The National bank moved downstairs shortly after. In both banks, the furniture and fittings become the dignity and character of financial institutions. The savings bank has provided every convenience for its depositors, and has a vault as good as any in the country, of sufficient size to take care of the bank's growth for many years to come.

This vault is worth a visit from anyone Interested in such things, as it is entirely modern, and absolutely insures the safety of the cash and securities contained therein.

The bank has always been conducted along the soundest lines, such men as Ebenezer Torrey, Charles J. Billings, Brigham N. Bullock, and Andrew Jewett have served it as its treasurer, and laid the foundation on which the institution has become a tower of strength.

During the last few years, while not departing at all from the conservative lines in its loaning and investment features, the bank has introduced many Innovations, only one of which will be mentioned here. This is keeping the bank open on Tuesday evening of each week for deposits, which has proved to be, as was expected, a direct benefit to the working people of Fitchburg and vicinity. The bank's statement is a splendid demonstration of its well deserved popularity and the growth and prosperity of the city.

The Guaranty Fund, which is the full amount required by law, in the statement is worthy of notice, also the fact that there is no deadwood there, which means poor loans, or where real estate taken on account of poor loans is carried among its assets.

Treasurer Nichols and Assistant Treasurer Brown both began in clerical positions in the bank, and have won their positions solely through hard work, and because they have the confidence of the public and the trustees, who elected them.

In the clerical force of the bank are Miss Lucy J. Derby, Miss Annie L. Hitchcock, and Frederick W. Pope, all of whom have been with the bank for some time, and with whom the customers of the bank find it a pleasure to do business.

The continued growth and its desirability as a safe depositary of the savings of the people, assures the continued progress of the old and reliable Fitchburg Savings Bank.

Worcester North Savings Institution

Banking by mail is often spoken of as though it were a recent Innovation, and %s'ith some banks it undoubtedly Is. But as the Worcester North Savings Institution In our city has had for years depositors In many parts of the world, banking by mail has been a part of Its ordinary course of business which called for no exploitation.

The high character of this Savings Institution and the progressiveness and accommodation with which it has conducted Its transactions, has given It a peculiar and wide-spread reputation, so that clients who have once had dealings with It rarely change their place of deposit and If they remove to the farthest side of the globe, still keep up their association, recommending It to others, and thereby spreading the reputation of Fitchburg, as well as of this Savings Institution which is representative of our city's financial standing and prestige.

This institution, Incorporated in 1868, has now the remarkable number of depositors, of 16,538, and the deposits amount to 37,763,746.12, with total assets of $8,391,439.83.

The annual statement, issued January 1, 1912, gives its condition at that time as follows; - and shows a remarkable list of conservative Invest-

The most improved inventions in safes, time-locked devices and vaults have been installed, and every precaution Is taken for the safeguarding of funds and accounts.

This bank Is one of the few that have always offered an annual interest of four per cent, or upwards, and this profitable rate of interest has been allowed when other banks found it necessary to reduce their dividends. Money Is placed on Interest In January, April, July and October, and Interest is allowed on deposits of from three dollards upwards.

The officers and trustees of any savings institution are responsible for Its prosperity and for the confidence with which the public regard It. The Worcester North Savings Institution has always been fortunate In the men who have charge of its affairs, and they have given whole-hearted and sincere devotion to its progress and stability. They are men who have made successes of their private interests, and have devoted the foresight and sagacity to the bank's conduct that gave them success in Individual enterprises. The officers who represent the institution in transactions with the public have been attentive, courteous £md considerate, placing their information at the disposal of their clients, and giving them the benefit of their experience In advice or suggestions.

Such names as follow are guarantees of the stability and success of the institution and its effective management for the benefit of the bank itself and the welfare of this community: -

Henry A. Willis, president; Manson D. Haws, vice-president; Albert C. Brown, treasurer; Wilbur W. Henry, assistant treasurer; Louis S. King, teller; Robert N. Wallis, clerk of the corporation.

The trustees are: Charles F. Baker, Elliott N. Choate, Frederick A. Currier, Milton L. Cushing, Myron B. Damon, Henry A. Estabrook, Walter A. Fairbanks, Thomas F. Gallagher, Julius K. Gates, Arthur L. Goodnow, Henry A, Goodrich, Frank O. Hardy, J. Milton Hubbard, Gardner K. Hudson, Willard L. Humes, Alvah M. Levy, J. Dudley Littlehale, Walter O. Parker, Frederick W, Pierce, Wesley W. Sargent, Thomas C. Sheldon, Clarence Stlckney, Frederick F. Woodward, John Wooldredge.

The board of investment comprises Messrs, Baker, Choate, Haws, Little hale, and Willis, and the auditors are Messrs, Currier, Humes and Sheldon.

In March, 1847, a charter was grranted Alvah Crocker, Nathaniel Wood and Moses Wood, their associates and successors, in the name of the Fitchburg Mutual Fire Insurance Company, for the purpose of insuring dwelling houses and other buildings and personal property throughout the Commonwealth, against loss by fire.

It was not, however, until the second day of the July following that the first meeting was held for the organization of the company. This meet Ing was held in the office of Torrey & Wood, then located in their building at the corner of Main and Central streets, recently remodelled.

The first Board of Directors was composed of Alvah Crocker, Nathaniel Wood, Joseph W. Mansur, Ivers Phillips, Artemas Bee, Walter Heywood, Abel J. Towne, C. W. Wilder, Jacob Fisher, Lewis H. Bradford, Elisha Murdock, Jr., Ashel Corey, Hobart Spencer, Daniel Putnam and John White.

This company was organized at a time when insurance was not so easily obtained as at present, and when the prestige of a local institution was of considerable moment, especially if managed by men prominent in the business life of their home town, as were the officers and directors of this companj', and the same policy has been continued up to the present time.

There is no one at all familiar with the history of Fitchburg who does not place in the front rank the names of Alvah Crocker, Rodney Wallace, and Amasa Norcross, besides others whose names appear in the list of directors mentioned elsewhere in this article,

By-laws were adopted at a subsequent meeting, and the officers at once proceeded to secure applications for insurance; in September the first policies were issued, and it is of interest to read the names of the first seven policyholders:

Considering the times and conditions, it would seem that the company made excellent progress, as will be seen by the first annual statement;

The methods of keeping the accounts in those days were crude compared with the requirements of Insurance Departments today, and we shall have to guess that the balance represented the assets as per requirements at the present time and be very thankful that there was no such thing as a pro rata reserve.

The growth of the company is shown by decades as follows, commencing with 1860 as there are no figures available for I860 which would be suitable for comparison; portion of the stipulated premiums and to return to the assured a large dividend, as high as 84 per cent, being paid, but the experience in a short time showed the management that it was policy not only to collect the full premium, but to return a smaller dividend and retain the difference as a reserve fund.

The dividend feature of the company has been an enviable one, as it has a record of always paying dividends and never having levied an assessment.

For several years the business of the company was divided into two ciasses, permission having been secured from the Legislature. The first class insured the less hazardous, the second class the more hazardous property. This division was continued until 1881, when the two classes were consolidated.

It is of interest to know that onl.v three other mutual companies availed themselves of this legislation, viz.: the Citizens' Mlutual of Boston, Holyoke Mutual of Salem, and Traders & Mechanics' of Lowell; the separation was.

Up to the time of the inauguration of the present administration, the company has had but four presidents during its sixty-three years of existence, Hon. Nathaniel Wood holding the record with twenty-seven years of service.

In 1898 Hon. Rodney Wallace declined to accept the presidency, much to the regret of the Board of Directors; he was persuaded to accept the vice-presidency, and was a valuable officer and friend of the company up to the time of his death, seven years later.

Up to 1910 six have held the position of secretary; Mr. E. P. Downe having twenty- three years of efficient service in that position to his credit.

There were five treasurers during the same period, Mr. Wood holding the position twenty- five years, with Mr. Henry G. Morse, second in point of service, with twenty-two years.

A perusal of the records furnishes us with many amusing anecdotes of the early days of the company, of which limited space prevents mention.

The company had its periods of prosperity and adversity during the fir.st twenty-five years of its existence, but no more so than other mutual companies. It has on the whole prospered, with the benefits apportioned among the policy-holders.

The assets accumulated reflect good judgment and excellent business ability of its officers and directors. The present Board of Directors is composed of some of the ablest men in the business life of Fitchburg and Leominster.

Shops Of H. F. Barrows & Sons. North Attleboro

When a city the size of Fitchburg has resources in practically every mercantile and industrial field, making it a self-sustaining community, it has reason to be self-congratulatory. But when it has concerns whose services are in demand in considerable other territory, it has greater cause for pride and gratification.

assist in the high standing and reputation of this city, for it is not only the builder of most of the large buildings in Fitchburg, erected in recent years, but its operations in surrounding towns are equal to those performed in local territory, so that the fame of this concern is spread in different communities, and Fitchburg shares in this prestige.

The firm was originally established in 1892, as contracting masons, but succeeding opportunities induced it to enter a wider field, and for the j)ast five years the largest contracts in this vicinity h.ave been handled with such skill and thoroughness as to gain this firm a standing among the leading contractors in this section of Massachusetts.

Wiley & Foss were the contractors for the mill of the Fitchburg Yarn Co., one of the largest and most modern edifices of its kind in this section, in the erection of which new records were made, the mill being in operation six months after ground was broken. In its construction were used 2,000,- 000 bricks, 1,000,000 feet of lumber, 2000 barrels of lime, 18 carloads of cement, 500 tons of steel and 7000 tons of gran ite.

Other manufacturing buildings constructed by Wiley & Foss are Mills Nos. 1, 6, and 8 of Crocker, Burbank & Co., Mill No. 1 of the Fitchburg Paper Co., the Shirreffs Worsted Co.'s mill, mills for the Grant Yarn Co. and Parkhill Manufacturing Co., the blanket mills in Troy, N. H., shops for H. P. Barrows & Sons of North Attleboro, the New Home Sewing Machine Co. of Orange, the John A. Dunn Chair Co. of Gardner, the Waite Chair Co. of Baldwinvllle, the Union Twist Drill Co., and Lee Bros, of Athol, an office building for the Leavitt Machine Co. of Orange, and many others.

The Cutler block, the Hastings block, the nurses' home at Burbank hospital, Hastings Hall, the Ford & Lyon garage, the public library at Leominster, the French and Smith Itlocks at South Framingham, as well as other l)uildings of different types in at least four of the New Flngland states, are examples of their enterprise and workmanship.

With such extensive contracts entrusted to it, it follows that the firm of Wiley & Foss must have one of the finest and most modern equipments for building operations. Its headquarters on Brook and Central streets is a commodious brick building where lime, cement, fireproof brick and other building materials are kept in stock. A hoisting jjlant of improved, invention and capacity, derricks, engines, lumber and stagings are kept at the yard on River street, and a compressed air plant, one of the greatest facilities in up-to-date construction, is in their inventory of stock and materials.

The progressiveness of this firm is shown by the fact that they have added to their other lines the outside plastering of houses, a style of finish \vhich is becoming very popular with architects of advanced standing. In Fitchburg, application has been made to residences for T. F. Howarth, G. L. Parmenter, W. M. Powell, Miss E. M. Cushing, and Miss L. A. Phillips.

The volume of business done by this concern may be more easily understood w'hen it is known that it employs from four hundred to four hundred and fifty men in active seasons, and during the past winter in dull building months, kept three hundred men busy.

masons by trade, and combined efforts and experience nineteen years ago, with a result that "he who runs may read.'' Their success brings credit to our city as an industrial centre, and gives it a distinction only second to the fame of the company itself.

Mr. Foss, who is alderman from Ward 3, is president of the Board of Trade and Merchants' association, and individually as well as combinedly, these gentlemen are alert to the opportunities of this community, and are active in encouraging and promoting its advantages and development.

New Home Sewing Machine Factory. Orange

The Importance of Insurance is not always understood even by those who avail themselves of the protection It offers. It Is not always realized that those who have been engaged in this field longest are most likely to be representative of the strongest and soundest organizations, and that they have Information and experience which cannot be obtained. In a short time, but which Is most valuable to their clients. Though we have said that these points of reliability and service are not commonly as seriously considered as they should be in our city, they have evidently been appreciated, for the agency of W. E. Putney, 162 Main street, is the largest in Fitchburg, and has reached this distinctive position through years of experience and efficient service.

Fire, plate glass, bonding, surety, liability, life, accident, rent, transportation and other forms of insurance are issued from this office, and the policies are written on corporations that have been established for many years, and have been administered faithfully and progressively, so that the client is thoroughly protected, and is assured of equitable rates both in premiums and adjustments.

The Hartford Fire Insurance Co., one of the oldest and best-known in the United States, is represented by Mr. Putney; New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, California, and Rhode Island companies, also; while foreign bodies represented include the Commercial Union Assurance Co. of England, the Scottish Union & National Insurance Co. of Scotland, the London Assurance Co., London, Royal Insurance Co., Sun Insurance Co., London & Lancashire Fire Insurance Co., Phoenix Assurance Co., North British & Mercantile Insurance Co., all of England, and the Western Assurance Co, of Canada.

Seventeen mutual companies offei their cooperative methods through the Putney agency; the Travelers' Insurance Co. gives protection in its particular field, the ..^Etna Life and Accident Insurance Co., Hartford Steam Boiler Insurance and Inspection Co., New York Plate Glass Insurance Co., Employers' Liability Assurance Co. of England, and London Guarantee & Accident Co. of England, covering other lines of insurance, are represented by this agency.

In all, the Putney agency is the representative of fifty-eight companies, which offer protection on any property, or any person on which risks are taken. The sound establishment of the Putney business gives it the choice of insurance organizations, and the selection made includes not only the corporations having the largest assets and most upright administrations, but comprises companies widely apart, so that in the event of a widespread calamity, but a few of them would be involved, and the investment of the policy-holder would not be impaired.

business, has been established since 1887, succeeding Charles E. Kirby, who founded the agency in 1879. Mr. Putney has been a resident of Fitchburg since 1873, and in early years was employed by the Fitchburg railroad. He was later engaged in the coal trade which he sold out to enter his present business, in which he has shown marked constructive ability and an Integrity which has been rewarded by the extremely large patronage he has built up.

Mr. Putney has the assistance of S. J. Markham, who was with him in the coal business, also two other solicitors, and several clerical employees.

He is vice-president of C. W. Bennett & Co., shoe manufacturers, is an investor in other manufacturing and financial organizations In our city. Is the holder of considerable real estate, and in addition to the leading position he holds in insurance circles. Is highly regarded as a public-spirited and representative citizen.

Fifty years ago, if I had been asked for my estimate of the future of Fitchburg, I should doubtless have replied that it depended on the result of the conditions then existing. We had just entered upon a gigantic warfare for the preservation of the Union. No one could forecast the result, and no one could safely predict the future of either town, city or nation.

It is equally true today that the future of Fitchburg depends upon the solution of the problems now confronting both nation and city; some of which affect the progress of the whole country; some bearing more directly upon the welfare of our city's institutions and people.

My memory goes back to 1840. when Fitchburg was a provincial town of 2600 inhabitants, or to be exact, 2604. During forty years previous it had barely doubled in population, the census of 1800 showing 1390. It was a picturesque town, and an attractive place to live. Old Rollstone had not then been seriously disfigured, and the boulder remained on its brow where it was left in the glacial period ages before. The Upper Common was much the same as today, and the Unitarian church, with its granite pillars in front, was then the finest building in town. The old academy stood on the brow of "Science Hill" near the location of the Pleasant street school building.

White beans were growing where the American House now stands, and the land occupied by the railroad station was a cornfield. The whole territory now occupied by Ward 5 was known as the Boutelle pasture. Summer street was an unfrequented country road, the thickly settled part of Water street was a blueberry pasture of little value to Its owner, and the Cleghorn district a barren hillside. The region of Grove street was an oak grove, where picnics and open air meetings were held. William Lloyd Garrison once spoke to a large anti-slavery gathering from a platform erected on or near the spot where the new Historical Society building is being erected. Grove street was made a public highway April 20, 1846, in accordance with a vote at a special town meeting called for that purpose.

In my boyhood, I often attended the town meetings in the old town hall at the upper end of Main street, and listened to the lively discussions of local matters, not wholly unlike some of the animated debates of the present city council. Going back to 1840, I remember that the section now occupied by the court house, the postoffice and the Athletic Club Iniilding was swamp land not considered suitable for building purposes until it had been underdrained and filled in.

South Fitchburg, Pearl Hill and some of the other outlying districts have not since changed much in outward appearance. South Fitchburg is now more populous and has more shops and mills, but the greatest changes have been in the city proper, in the Cleghorn, and in West Fitchburg.

The river at that time was clear and fish were plentiful. Even Punch brook, now regarded as a nuisance, was good spearing ground for "suckers."

The rollicking old stage coach drawn by four horses was the only public conveyance between here and Boston; freighting was done with four and six horse teams; candles and whaleoil lamps furnished the artificial light, while leathern buckets and hand engines were the only fire extinguishers. Day laborers were paid about 90 cents, and skilled workmen $1.50 to $2 for a day of twelve hours.

Nearly all food products cost less, except flour, tea, sugar and spices; flour costing considerably more than at present. Old-fashioned thrift was still in evidence; a large proportion of the residents owned their own homes, and a person worth from ten to twenty

No language other than plain English was used in store, shop or on the street. Greek, Latin and French were taught in the academy but seldom if ever heard in conversation. During the year 1841 - seventy years ago - there were at the old academy, four teachers and 121 pupils, some of whom are still living, the writer among the number. Stephen Holman, who was principal of the academy for several years beginning in 1843, is still living, in his ninety-second year, well remembered as a most excellent teacher. No less than ten of his pupils have been members of the Massachusetts legislature.

With the opening of the Fitchburg railroad, March 4, 1845, business and population in Fitchburg began to increase rapidly, so that in the ten years from 1840 to 1850, it had nearly doubled, the census of 1850 showing a population of 6120. In the ten years from 1850 to 1860 it had increased to 7805. Since that time it has steadily advanced until fifty years later, we have a bustling city with a population of 37,826. An increase from 1860 to 1910 of 30,021.

What the population of Fitchburg is to be fifty years hence, in 1961, is not a problem subject to mathematical solution. So many elements of growth enter into the calculation that it would be difficult to estimate the result with any degree of certainty. Anything like the ratio of increase for the last fifty years would carry it above 100,- 000. This great increase seems at first thought improbable, - yet it is not impossible.

First of all, the basis of growth must be an Increase of manufactures, of which we have already an unusual diversity. Fitchburg is essentially a manufacturing city, and expansion of her industries would demand a greater food supply, increased transportation facilities, more schools, more stores, and a proportionate gain in population in every direction.

The problem of a greater food supply is not difficult of solution. There is enough good land in Fitchburg, Ashby, and Lunenburg, if rightly developed, to supply many thousands. If all the good soil in the outlying districts were brought up to the standard of the Marshall farm and some of the Pearl Hill farms, the result would be an important factor in the future of the city.

is likely to follow. New avenues must be opened between the upper and lower portions of the city. The sooner this fact is recognized, the better for all concerned. Civic betterments too long delayed are apt to bring additional burdens when necessity compels them.

Any great increase in population would also require an expansion of building territory. Some parts of our city are already congested beyond the standard of proper sanitary conditions. Such an expansion will undoubtedly extend beyond the city limits, and many of those who do business in Fitchburg will be likely to reside in Lunenburg and other suburban towns, induced by cheap transportation, lower taxes and comfortable homes. Thus, while our industries might increase and expand, the non-residents would count against an increase in the population of this city. This fact should create a desire for better civic ideals to make this a more beautiful and attractive residential city.

One great need is good housing under strict building regulations regarding light, air and space. It is encouraging to note the marked attention which is being drawn to this subject in very many towns and cities at the present time.

Another important element in the future well-being of Fitchburg is proper sanitation. With an abundant supply of pure water, which ought not to be largely diverted to manufacturing purposes, since we now have plenty of electric power at our command, with good drainage, clean streets and clean homes, a much larger population might rest without fear of serious epidemic. Sanitary knowledge and ideals are likely to increase, not only in this country but in foreign lands, so that those who come to dwell with us will not be as likely to prove a menace in this respect.

To make this an ideal city, we need not only continued prosperity, but richly-shaded and dustless streets, spacious and well-kept grounds about the residences and around the school buildings and manufactories, the river banks improved and beautified and our parks and play-grounds kept ample for the increasing needs of a growing municipality.

This should be no difficult problem, if each and every one will do his or her part. Nature has been lavish in her surroundings. We have all the necessary elements if rightly directed. The boys and girls of the future will become more and more interested in these subjects on account of the improved system of vocational and industrial education.

The section of the city around Monument square, including the court house, the postoffice, the public library, the Wallace Way and the high school, will probably be for the next fifty years at least, what might be termed the civic center of the city, with a chance for still greater inprovements.

The normal school, so beautiful for situation and so charming in all Its surroundings, with extensive improvements already contemplated, will continue to be an attractive feature In the future of Fitchburg. Fifty years hence the alumni of this school will be numbered by thousands, and the broadening influence of the knowledge acquired here can hardly be estimated. The same is true of our high school. The pupils of today and the immediate future will be among our educators and prominent people during the next fifty years. Many of humble birth and limited opportunities in early life, unless history contradicts Itself, will be holding responsible positions of honor and trust in the years to come.

The political and social condition of the future Fitchburg, therefore, will depend most of all upon the general character and intelligence of her people. Civic righteousness and social ecomomics are of much more consequence than individual interest or an unhealthy growth. In this regard, much will depend upon the trend of the generation next to follow. With all the advantages of the present high standard of education in manual arts, in industrial training and physical culture, fostered and encouraged by an enlightened public sentiment, the future seems full of promise for improved social conditions.

During the next fifty years it is not unlikely that the tide of foreign immigration may turn. Germany is already doing all in her power to induce her people to remain at home, and the Italian government is also doing something in this line. Other European nations will be likely to adopt the same course. In Germany every private interest is made subservient to the public weal. The progressive spirit is apparent in every department. Everything is planned with a view to future growth and development. The phenomenal growth of her industries and the extended area and increased population of her cities during the last decade, is an object lesson for all nations, and all ambitious municipalities.

The future of America lies mainly with the generation now growing up around us. They are the "makers of tomorrow." If peace, prosperity and progressive ideals prevail, who can estimate the progress of the next halfcentury?

As the fast diminishing ranks of the Grand Army of the Republic are being filled with the sons and daughters of the veteran soldiers, so in our municipality the youth of today, educated in our schools and inspired with enthusiastic loyalty to American ideals and American institutions, will in their turn be the controlling element in the future of Fitchburg.

Keith Bill Posting Co

The matter of advertising is one now seriously considered, but ever since there have been efforts of this kind in outdoor displays, the Keith Bill Posting Co. has been the medium through which Fitchburg and surrounding towns has been served. It is the only concern in this city which has privileges of this sort, and the territory it covers extends to Gardner and Athol, and through Leominster to Clinton. It has thousands of feet of board under contract, and virtually every hanger that is placed in any outdoor position in this part of Worcester county is done by this company.

The present proprietor, T. F. Keith, was preceded by his father, C. S. Keith, and this has been the only concern that has ever operated in this territory. The company takes all sorts of contracts - does all the billing for local playhouses and furnishes the space and workmanship for any concern that desires to make use of this popular method of publicity.

As a member of the New England Bill Posting and National Bill Posters' Associations, all the hanging that is done by national advertisers in this section is performed by this company. Its long existence has naturally given It unusual facilities, and its acquainance with this part of the state has given it the judgment by which the most striking spaces are secured, and posting done by it is hung to the best advantage and where the greatest number of people are attracted by it.

T. F. Keith, who was associated with his father for a number of years, has been proprietor of the company for the past ten years, and three years ago founded a si.gn painting company. The office is at S Wallace avenue, and the workshop at 304% Main street, around the corner. Some of the largest and most striking signs have been painted by this concern, which operates successfully on wood, glass, cloth or card, and furnishes original designs and lettering, and works in the different materials required.

The sign painting fits in with the bill posting, as some of the best work Is done on the boards controlled by this company. Two or three expert painters are employed, and this part of the business has been largely developed in recent years.

Mr. Keith was one of the bill posters who founded the New England Association, and he is up-to-date and aggressive in all the movements that have advanced this industry in later years.

Estabrook Pharmacy

The test of a pharmaceutical business lies in the amount of the prescription work that is done. An extensive stock and capable salesmanship will build up many departments, but the reliability of the concern, and its expert ability, must be demonstrated before the filling of prescriptions becomes any great task.

Almost since the inception of the Estabrock Pharmacy has this store been known for its proficiency in compounding, and the patronage of this department has grown so steadily and largely that it is regarded as one of the largest in the state. In fact, those who are in a position to know state that more prescriptions are filled here in a year than in any one store in Boston, not excluding those syndicate stores which do much advertising.

The confidence felt in the prescription department extends to all branches of this concern's operations. Pure drugs and chemicals are handled with the proprietary articles, an I rem 'dies that are recognized for their standard worth, druggists' sundries, household remedies and sick room supplies; and this firm gives its honest opinion regarding the merit of any article that is sold over its counters.

However, one may be doubly sure of quality and value in most druggists' supplies, liniments, creams, and remedies for ordinary ailments, for the Estabrook Pharmacy is a manufacturing concern, and prepares a large amount of its own stock; and the firm's label attached to any article is a guarantee of the purity of the preparation,

The second floor of the building at 196 Main street, corner of Prichard street, is used for a laboratory, and the third floor for a stock room, the premises being the largest occupied by any pharmacy in this section.

H. A. Estabrook wes an experienced and reputable pharmacist before coming to Fitchburg thirty years ago The business he purchased was an old established drug trade, and the advancement he has since made has

Mr. Estabrook was one of the pharmacists who made up the first State Board of Registration, and was also the youngest man on the board. He has been for years a trustee and director of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, and he is an honorary member of the New England Board of Registration.

He is a trustee of the Worcester North Savings Institution and has held other positions of trust in financial and trade circles, for the integrity that has marked his course as a pharmacist has characterized his principles among his fellow men, winning from them respect and admiration for him as a business man, and (steem for him as a citizen. Mr. Estabrook was president of both the Merchants' Association and the Board of Trade before they were merged in one body.

George H. Cutler

A business man in Fitchburg for the past forty-five years, George H. Cutler has been identified with many movements not wholly connected with the enterprise with which he has been best known. Mr. Cutler has been in the retail grocery business for fortytwo years, and has Ijeen an investor in a number of industries that are now in successful operation here.

In 1895 Mr. Cutler erected the Cutler block, where he is located in the grocery business, upon the same site where he originally started. He is a dealer in staple and fancy groceries, and has one of the best arranged stores in our city. Fine hardwood furnishings and fixtures are installed, air-tight compartments contain the bulk goods, and all commodities are handled in a hygienic manner so that they will be kept free from contamination.

In fact, the construction of the building is well calculated to promote the condition of the goods, as its solid walls and closely-matched floors keep it free from many particles that gain entrance in less closely and finely constructed buildings.

The best grades of groceries are dealt in by this firm, and in bulk or package goods, prepared or uncooked foods, all the lines are handled that have any demand among particular traders.

Mr. Cutler came to this city in 1865, and three years later he founded a grocery business with which his father was later connected, though for many years the present proprietor has been the sole owner of the business. His long establishment in this line, as well as the extensive dealings he has had, make him known as a leader in this trade.

Mr. Cutler is a director in several corporations, is a trustee of the Fitchburg Savings Bank, and a member of the Board of Trade. He is the owner of considerable real estate in addition to the Cutler block, and is regarded as one of our representative citizens, whose interest and encouragement Is given to any project that promises the welfare of this community.

Austin Furniture Co

The stock and capacity of the Austin Furniture Co., 223 Main street, are an inducement to those who are looking for household furnishings to become acquainted with this concern before making purchases. As the Austin Furniture Co. carries one of the largest stocks in Worcester county, the examination of the goods carried is most likely to lead to a purchase; and as the firm has long held a reputation for relialile dealings, the transactions of the company are increased by the confidence that is felt in their methods as well as in their equipment.

A high and medium grade of furniture is dealt in and the most modest or most luxurious residence may be furnished completely from the stock.

A five-story building on Main street is occupied, affording space of 12,500 square feet, while a two-story warehouse across the river gives additional area of 5950 square feet. As this capacity is utilized to its utmost, the amount of stock carried may be estimated.

Kitchen, dining room, chamber, parlor, library, hall and den furniture, and the Charles Stickney mission furniture are shown in different styles, in the woods and finishes that are most durable and attractive; and the finest specimens of workmanship are disclosed in upholstery goods, which are displayed in one of the most extensive quantities in this section.

Ranges and heaters, crockery, china, and other household wares in liberal assortment are as interesting in their own way. Each department of the business is given expert attention and a high standard is maintained in all.

The Austin Furniture Co. has been organized since August, 1895, though members of the company had for years previous been associated with the furniture trade in this city.

The late James A. Austin, who was president of the corporation up to the time of his death, was for years a wellknown furniture dealer; and James B. Austin, vice-president, was one of the founders of the Ferdinand & Austin

Fitchburg Hardware Co

W. A. Austin, secretary and treasurer, though not in the furniture trade immediately prior to the formation of this company, had nevertheless an earlier association with it in connection with his father, and has been an important factor in adopting the progressive policy the company now pursues.

The company is the leader in its field in our city, and the high reputation it holds in mercantile circles is a tribute to the integrity and administrative ability of the Messrs. Austin and adds to the reputation of our city as a modern merchandising community.

George Bros

There is a great difference in footwear, though the ordinary person can tell very little about the material or the workmanship. In consequence the average person has to depend upon the recommendation of his dealer, and the more experienced the dealer, the more confidence the customer has in him.

The business of George Bros., the shoe dealers at 175 Main street, has been built up by the confidence of the people, who, realizing that this firm has especial knowledge of shoes and leather, have been convinced that they use their experience and information to select the best and most durable makes of boots and shoes, and recommend them to their patrons for just what they are.

The fact that this firm carries the Marshall shoe is one point in Its favor. This is one of the best made Brockton shoes, and in that city, as every one knows, the best shoemakers are employed, and the best men's goods in the country are turned out. Marshall's shoes are representative of the Brockton factory's output, and George Bros, handle them in all the lasts and leathers which this firm places upon the market each season.

The Charles Case shoe, made in Worcester, is another highly-guaranteed make, handled by this concern. The Case shoe, though only a few years upon the market, has become one of the best-known shoes manufactured In Massachusetts.

These two makes give an idea of the quality of shoes handled by George Bros., and in other lines for men, women and children, equal experience is shown by this firm in selecting footwear that in workmanship, material, and variety of patterns, represents the finest outputs of well-known manufacturers.

Rubbers, slippers and other supplies are handled, and this concern conducts one of the most finely-equipped and best-known repairing departments In the city. All the newest machines for sewing, tapping, etc., are operated, and a large quantity of sole and upper leather is kept on hand, so that all jobs may be promptly as well as efficiently done.

This concern deals in leather and shoe findings, both at wholesale and retail, and does an extensive business in these lines, covering a territory as far as Manchester, N. H., and supplying nearly all of the shoemakers and shoe stores in the surrounding towns. They are the largest dealers of their kind in this county outside of Worcester. They carry a very heavy stock in the lines above mentioned, and employ one traveling salesman all the time, besides three people employed in the store.

C. George, the senior member of this firm, has been in Fitchburg for seventeen years, and formerly conducted a business on Day street. A. George has been in this city for twelve years, and has always been associated with his elder brother.

They have occupied the store at 175 Main street for the past five years. Straightforward and trustworthy dealings with the public have brought them Increasing patronage, and they are regarded as one of the successful shoe concerns in our city. Their store is creditable alike to the proprietors and to the community with which they are Ident'fied.

The premises occupied by the Fitchburg Hardware Co. are among the most striking in this city. To say that an entire building of five floors and a basement is in use gives some idea of the capacity of the concern, and the exterior of the brick building impresses the observer with the facilities that it must afford.

Yet this company has still greater capacity than that upon Main street, for three large storage houses along the railroad tracks are used, and these are marked plainly, so that the traveler going through Fitchburg gets an idea of the extent and possibilities of this company.

consumers, the Fitchburg Har.lware Company is nevertheless the leader in this field; and with the volume of transactions it enjoys in outside territory. it stands among the first in Massachusetts, with one of the most complete and heavily-stocked plants in New England, outside of Boston.

Shelf and builders' hardware, contractors' and blacksmiths' supplies are some of the main lines that are dealt in. Each department is heavily stocked, and there is no tool, utensil or equipment required in these industries that is not handled by this concern.

Mill and manufacturers' supplies are carried in an assortment that equals that shown by any similar establishment in Worcester county. Belting, pulleys, parts of machines, wheels, and operating tackie are handled in such sizes and materials that any order may be filled at once. Fitchburg manufacturers are fortunate that much of the danger of delay in case of a breakdown is eliminated by the fact that they can get supplies immediately of the Fitchburg Hardware Co.

The company has the agency for the Lowe Bros, high-standard paints, and carries all sorts of oils, varnishes, floor polishes, glass, etc., so that in bulk or prepared goods it has resources that may be depended upon by the large or small consumer.

Agricultural implements and tools, cutlery, gas and electric supplies, leather goods, iron and steel utensils, are to be found among the extensive stock.

This company is also the largest dealer in sporting goods in this city, and it would be difficult to mention any article not represented here. Guns, revolvers, etc., have an especial department. Snowshoes, skates, canoes, and equipment for golf and other outdoor sports, are shown.

Each of the five floors occupied by the concern has something to offer, and the various departments are each as complete as if it were the exclusive stock of one store. Under one roof, however, the different lines are handled

The building, erected in 1901 for this company, was planned for its convenience. The space for each department was estimated, freight and passenger elevators installed, and the shipping rooms and offices were made adjacent to the freight elevator. Teams are backed up to the shipping department in the rear without disturbing Main street traffic or causing any delay in the firm's own shipments, and the storage houses have direct communication with the railroad, so that there is no unnecessary hauling, unloading or shipping being done with equal facility and economy.

Pfioor space of 40,000 square feet is occupied and some fifty people are employed. The company has a wholesale trade that extends from Greenfield to Concord, Mass., east and west, and from Worcester to Rutland, Vt., north and south, and has several traveling salesmen. For local deliveries, five teams and an automobile are kept in commission.