Leominster City (part 3 of 4)

In 1 88 1 a trip was made to Europe. A portion of 1882 was spent in California, having been elected President of the South Spring Hill Gold Mining Co., of Amador, California, which oflfice he continues to hold, spending a portion of his time at the mines. At the first annual election of Directors of the Wachusett National Bank of Fitchburg, held in 1876, he was chosen a member of the Board, which office he has been annually chosen to fill, up to the present writing. Upon the organization of the Hecla Powder Company, of New York, in 1881, he was chosen President, holding the office until 18S8. He is, also, a director in the Leominster Gas Company, to which office he was chosen in 1884. He has held the office of Notary Public and Justice of the Peace since receiving his commission from Gov. Thomas Talbot, in 1874; and, also, filled numerous minor offices.

In 1859 he married Mary E. Tufts of Fitchburg, the result of this union being five children : Ralph G., the eldest, is the Sec'y of the Hecla Powder Co. of New York ; Alice A., is the wife of C. A. Joslin, Town Clerk and Treasurer; P'lorence T., is the wife of W. A. Putnan. book-keeper, Leominster National Bank ; Margaret and Mabel, (the twins,) living with their parents on Church St.

Albert G. !Morse was born in Leominster in 1846, and began business for himself, at the age of 21, in Boston. In 1869 he went West and engaged in business in Illinois and Kansas for two years ; returning to Leominster in 1871, he formed a partnership with his brother, under the name of G. F. Morse & Co., continuing for twelve years in the business of Comb Manufacturers' Supplies. Afterwards, he '^^Iped to organize the Hecla Powder Co. of New York, acting as Secretary of the Company for two years, with a residence in Elizabeth, N, J. The year 1884 was spent as publisher of the Leominster Entei prise, the paper being turned over, at the end of that time, to the old proprietor, Mr. F. N. Boutwell.

In the spring of 1886, Mr. Morse organized the Bay State Shirt Co., of which Company he is at present Treasurer and Manager, employing some hundred and fifty hands. He was chosen a Director of the Northboro National Bank in February, 1880, holding the office until his removal to New York, in 1883.

In January, 1871, he married Emilia G. Christian of Detroit, Mich., having two children, Anna G. and Willard Ives. Their residence has been corner of West and Blossom Sts. for the past fifteen years.

Augustus Morse was born in Worcester in 18 17, (May 16,) where he lived 10 years, when he went with his parents to Fitchburg, where the ne.xt four years were spent ; part of the time in school and the balance working in the old stone mill. The year following was spent in Peterboro, N. H., working for his father, who was engaged in the manufacture of paper. He then returned to Fitchburg, at the age of 16, accepting a situation as second overseer in the mill owned by General Ivers Jewett, attending school that winter in the old brick schoolhouse on Blossom street ; Col. Ivers Phillips being the teacher. In 1832 he came to Leominster to learn the comb trade, serving an apprenticeship of four years to his brother Gardner, at $50 a year and board, at the end of which time the partnership of G. & A. Morse was formed. This partnership continued until the outbreak of the war in 1861, when, as Major General of Mass. Militia, he was summoned by Gov. Andrew to take command, in Boston, of all troops which were reporting for duty, and to be despatched for the seat of war. He was chiefly instrumental in placing General Butler in conimand of the First Brigade,

His military career began at the age of i8, when he joined the Leominster Rifle Company, holding the various offices, up all the grades, receiving his commission as Captain from Gov. Briggs. He was elected Major of 9th Regt., M. V. M., then Colonel, serving two years, when he was elected Brigadier General. He was chosen by the Legislature of 1855-6 as Major General of 3d Division, M. V. M. He received his commission from the Secretary of State, and held the office until August, 1 86 1, when he resigned and was made Col. of the 21st Mass. Regt. He was sworn into service of the U. S. on the 21st of that month and started, with his Regt., 1000 men, strong, with orders to report at Washington, D. C. He was stopped at Baltimore by order of Secretary of War, Cameron, to report to Major Gen. Di.x, then commanding the Dept. of Baltimore, and by him ordered to proceed with his Regt. to Annapolis, Md., to take command of that military post. E.xtending his command to Annapolis Junction and a part of Baltimore & Ohio R. R., (the only conveyance by rail from the North to Washington) to guard that railroad for six miles, and also extending some thirty miles on Chesapeake Bay and south toward the Potomac river. While there, in command as Col., he was appointed by President Lincoln, Military Governor of that section ; serving until the following summer in this capacity, when he resigned t«he office. In Sept., 1862, he was commissioned by President Lincoln, Quartermaster, with headquarters at P'redericksburg, filling the position with honor and ability until he retired from the service in the fall of 1863, since which time he has not had on a uniform ; preferring the peaceful walks of life to the blood and carnage of war, or the vain-glory of political office.

age of 29 ; serving on the Board the year the brick town house (our present town hall) was built. He served, also, as Collector of Taxes, and in man/ minor offices ; holding the office of Justice of the Peace for 14 years. He married Caroline, daughter of Manassah Willard, of Sterling, residing for many years near his brother, Gardner, on West street ; bringing up a family of eight children, two girls and six boys. Eliza J., wife of Abner W. Pollard, formerly in ihe clothing business in this town, but who is at present the head of the Butterick Publishing Company in New York City. This Company have in their immediate employ some 800 persons, besides having some 3500 branch offices in the United States and England. Harrison A., manager of the factory of the Butterick Publishing Co. in Brooklyn, N. Y. Julius T., who is located in Kansas. Jerome E., a graduate of the U. S. Naval Academy, was placed on the retired list, on account of his eye-sight, after serving the government, in official capacity, for eleven years. He is at present Treasurer of the Hecla Powder Co. of New York City, and is, also, largely interested in mining in Colorado. Joseph H., is a lawyer in Brooklyn, N. Y., where he has recently located after sonie ten years in Kansas, where he was at one time a member of the State Legislature, also, U. S. Silk Commissioner. Elbridge W., resides in New York, and is a traveling salesman. Carrie ¥. resides, at present, with her father in Brooklyn. The youngest, P^rederick E., after a short but promising business career, was cut down by an accident to his knee, while in bathing in Whalom Pond, which resulted in fever, causing

The Burr Ages

The families of Deacon William and Capt. Josiah Burrage, of Leominster, are descended from John Burrage who was born in Norton Subcourse, a parish of Norfolk County, ( near Norwich,) England. According to the researches of Hon. A. A,

House In Leominster Biographiv By Families. 1 59

Burrage, we find by the parish records that he was baptized April lo, 1616, and that in all probability he was sixteen years old at the time of his father's death, remaining at home assisting his mother in the care of the farm until he attained his majority in the spring of 1637. Owing to the tyranical rule of Charles I, in forcing ship money tax upon his people and in other ways exercising an arbitrary authority over the Kingdom, many of his subjects, in 1637, abandoned their native land and following the example of the Pilgrim Fathers, emigrated to America and settled in the wilds of New -England. Among this number was John Burrage of Norton Subcourse. It is not known by what ship he came, but his name appears on the town records of Charlestown, Massachusetts under the date of 1637, and from a description of his "possessions" in the same book, it is probable that the estate was located within the limits of the Charlestown Navy Yard, near the western entrance, at the foot of Water street, and that he owned and operated the ferry between Boston and Charlestown in company with Francis Hudson, who lived on the I'oston side, the landing place being located on the premises of the owners. In addition to his duties as Ferryman Mr. Burrage served several years as "Clerk of the Market." The market place was in what is now Charlestown Square. He was also chosen "Salt Measurer," by the town. In 1662-4 he, in company with his son, John Burrage, Jr., were engaged in shipping horses to Barbadoes. Thus it will be seen that he was a busy and no doubt a prosperous man. He had been blessed with a large family of children and was an active and a useful citizen, but his last days were clouded by misfortune. In 1672, which was some thirteen years before his death, he met with an accident, being thrown from a horse, which occasioned the loss of his reason. In 1677 his eldest, and most promising son, John Jr. died of small pox, during the epidemic in Charlestown, in which ninety-one persons died during the year. Following immediately upon this, the eldest of his two surviving sons, Jacob-like took advantage of his father's mental incapacity to get possession of his property. This scheme was, however, only temporarily successful and eventually the property was divided among all the rightful heirs.

Uea. William Burrage, of Leominster, was born Sept. 2d, 1768. He was apprenticed at an early age to Benjamin Hawks, a tanner in Leominste-r. Having finished his apprenticeship he commenced the tanning and currying business for himself in a small way in the north part of the town, where, through industry and frugality he succeeded in gaining a competency. In i8i4he was chosen a deacon of the First Congregational Church which office he filled until his death in 1844. He was for many years a prominent citizen, and was often chosen to fill offices of trust and responsibility. He was twice married. First to Mary Joslin of Leominster, by whom he had six children. His second wife was Roxanna Sanderson of Lancaster, by whom he had eight children.

Capt. Leonard Burrage, was for many years one of Leominster's most valued and prominent citizens. Born March 14, 1797, he died April 18, 1888, in the house built by himself seventy years ago, directly opposite his birthplace in the North Village. As the eldest son of Deacon Wm. Burrage, he inherited a love for honest work and the belief that labor was honorable. Learning the trade of tanner in his father's shop, soon after his majority, he was admitted to a share in the business, and later became sole owner, building it up to a large and profitable position. Associated with his cousin, George .S. Hurrage, in 1836 he began the manufacture of shoes, being one of tlie pioneers in that industry in New Englar.d, and in 1844 retired with a fortune. Never blessed with children, with the cordial help of his wife, (Mira Allen) he devoted himself to relieving the distress of the needy, and to broad works of charity. Most of his generous gifts remain unknown, sa\'e that they were almost countless, tie contributed largely to the building of every church in town, giving especially to the Congregational Church in the North Village, later giving a lot of land with a handsome parsonage building on it, and by will $6500 more. By will he gave large sums to various charities ; $5000 to the Town of Leominster ; $3000 to the worthy poor ; $2000 to the -Public Library ; $20,000 to Olivet College, Michigan, without condition, which will be devoted to building the " Burrage Library. " Earnest, honorable, shrewd and clear headed, his ability and sterling character early commanded the respect and esteem of his fellow citizens, and he was often honored at their hands. He was a Captain in the militia at 21, then a most honorable position, and for many successive years was Moderator of town meetings. He took an active part in town affairs, serving in every important town ofifice, being many years on School Committee and Board of Selectmen. Capt. Burrage represented the town with great ability in the General Court in the years 1833, i843. 44» 45- and during a long series of years was interested in nearly every town matter. Until old age compelled his retirement he was President of the Leominster Savings Bank, also a director in the RoUstone National Bank of Fitchburg and other corporations.

A great, brave and kindly heart is stilled, the weak, the aged and the poor have lost a friend who never failed them, by the passing on of Capt. Leonard Burrage.

George Sanderson Burrage, the oldest son of Dea. Wm. by his second wife, was born May 15, 1823. At the age of 25 he moved to Ashburnham, bought a large tract of wood land and engaged in the manufacture of chairs. A few years after his brothers, William F, and Cheirles W., joined him in the enterprise, and built a large chair factory, and carried on a large business ; they gathered so much of a village about their works, that the Government granted a Post Office with the name of Burrageville. Unfortunately this enterprise did not continue many years, on account of the factory being destroyed by five. Soon after, George Sanderson went with his family to San Francisco, Cal, and engaged in the furniture business, and later on, went into grape raising in Napa Valley, where he died May 1 6, 1876, at the age of 53 years. He was twice married ; his first wife was Martha G. Phelps, of Leominster, by whom he had two daughters, Clara and PLllen. By his last wife, Aurelia Chamberlain, he had a daughter, Cora C, who survived him but a short time. Charles D. and Albert C, are their only surviving children. Both entered the legal profession. Chas. D. is in the practice of his profession in Gardner, Mass., and is President of the Lithotype Publishing Co., of that place. Albert C. is in the practice of his profession in Boston.

William F. Blrrage, the second son of Dea. William, by his second wife, was born April 5, 1826. As has been said he joined his brothers, George Sanderson and Charles W., in the Burrageville enterprise under the firm name of Burrage Brothers, but sold out his interest not long before the Chair Factory was burned. W'hile in Ashburnham he was Justice of the Peace and served the public in other ways. He held the office of Post Master and was also station agent until 1867, when he with his family, returned to Leominster, where he took an active interest in town affairs, was a prominent and valued citizen. He was for several years a director in the First National Bank of Leominster. In 1872 he took a journey to California and Oregon, on account of his health, which was much impaired, and to visit his brothers. He returned without being much improved. He married, July 25, 1849, Eveline W. Lawrence, who survives him. He died Nov. 11, 1873, leaving three children, two daughters and a son. The daughters were Mary E. and Hattie M., very amiable young ladies of great promise, who survived him barely a year. The son, Leonard F., is in the Dry Goods business in Leominster.

Charles W. Burrage, the third son of Dea. William, by the second wife, was born Aug. 25, 1830. As has been said he was one of the firm of Burrage Brothers. After the Chair Factory was burned he went to New Haven and completed his college course at Yale University. He, with his family, then went to Portland, Oregon, where he carried on a large business as Civil Engineer, for many years. He was a prominent and influential citizen. In 1886 he retired from active life and, with his family, went to Spokane Falls, where he now resides enjoying the fruits of his labor. He married Sarah J. Hills of Leominster. Their son E^dward, a very worthy young man died in 1887. William H. and Charles F. are their two sons now living, both of whom are Civil Engineers and located in Washington Territory. Two daughters of Dea. William Barrage survived their father. ]\Iary Jane, who was a young lady of great promise, died at the age of twenty-two years. The other daughter, Martha Ann, who married Porter M. Kimball, of Leominster, died November 4, 1863.

Capt. Jo5I.\h Burrage was born Aug. 16, 1770. He remained at home working on his father's farm or for the neighboring farmers, until thirty years of age, when he married March 7, 1800, Ruth Kilburn, a daughter of William Kilburn, of Lunenburg. He probably had saved of his earnings up to that time five or si.K hundred dollars, barely enough to pay for stock and tools for a farm and scanty furniture for his dwelling. With the assistance of his brother William, who offered to become jointly responsible with him for the purchase money, he, in the spring of 1801, bought the intervale farm adjoining the homestead place. The young couple moved on to their farm and there for forty-five years they lived, rearing a family of thirteen children and paying for the place. During that time from fifty to seventy-five acres were added to the original purchase, another barn, cider mill and other outbuildings were erected, the house enlarged and finished in modern style, the whole paid for and the farm then entirely freed from debt. The magnitude of the task accomplished can be partially realized from the fact that the interest payable on the debt incurred was fifty cents a day, and that it required the equivalent of two bushels of potatoes or four pounds of the best butter to pay one day's interest. It is evident that under the circumstances he could not have supported his family and paid for his farm by any ordinary day's labor. He evidently did not believe in the eight and ten hours a day notions of the present day. He was blessed with a compact, hardy and vigorous physical organization, and from his youth until he reached the age of seventy-five years, probably averaged fourteen or fifteen hours a day of hard work. In the winter he would leave his bed two or three hours before sunrise, and after making a fire in the kitchen, fill the tea kettle and hang it on the crane in the fire-place, then go to the barn and "fodder" his oxen and fifteen or twenty other cattle. Meanwhile his wife would rise and prepare breakfast, which was always eaten by candle light. After breakfast he would yoke the oxen to the cart or sled, take his dinner, put up in a small tin pail, and about an hour before the sun was up, start for the wood lot, about two miles distant, put on a load of wood and carry it to Lancaster village or Leominster, each about four miles distant from the wood lot. The day's work was usually the carting of two loads of a cord each, and then return home, travelling twelve to sixteen miles with an ox team, beside loading and unloading the wood. He would reach home two or three hours after susnet, put up and feed his team, eat a hearty supper, which he would find pre- pared for him by his good wife, and go to bed, to rise the following morning to go through the same programme, without regard to the weather.

As Capt. Burrage was a good type of the old-time thrifty New England farmer, so was his wife a good example of the old-time farmer's wife. Although not as strong, physically, she was possessed of great vitality and probably averaged more hours of labor each day than her husband did. During the first twenty-five years of her married life she bore thirteen children, took care of them in health and sickness, prepared all the food for the family, which usually included one or more hired laborers, made butter and cheese, spun yarn from wool and flax, made the clothing for the younger children, and did the mending for the whole family, beside doing the numerous other things required in a farmer's household. She had but little, if any help in the house when her children were born, until her daughters became old enough to assist her.

Thus it will be seen that both husband and wife believed fully in the mission of work, and before they left home, except during the three or four months of the year they attended school, their sons were required to work steadily and continuously, a discipline to which they were doubtless indebted for whatever of success they afterwards achieved.

Capt. Josiah Burrage had little taste or leisure for public service, and held but few public offices. About the year iSoo he was chosen captain of the "Old North Company" of Light Infantry of Leominster ; the same that his nephew, Leonard, was chosen to command some twenty years later. He held the office several years, and retained the title as long as he lived. By will he left his estate to his wife during her life, after which it was equally divided among those of his children or their heirs who were living at the time the will was made, and to each of his forty-four grand-children a large Bible. This

Emory Burrage, second son of Captain Josiah, was the only one of nine sons who remained at home to assist his father on the farm until of age. When twenty three years of age he married Mary, the daughter of his uncle, Thomas Burrage, and the young couple took up their abode with her parents, in the house bought by their grandfather, William Burrage, in 1767. (See engraving). They t)ok charge of the farm and cared for the old people as long as they lived. In 1848, Mr. Burrage was chosen a deacon of the First Congregational (Unitarian) Church, and was also called upon by his fellow citizens to fill other offices of responsibility and trust. Owing to the infirmities of age, the labor of carrying on the place became burdensome, and Deacon Burrage and his wife disposed of the farm and moved into the North Village. The farm was bought by Mr. T. Dvvight Wood of Westminster. The old house was torn down about 1835, and a more modern one built in its place, and a few years before leaving, Dea. Burrage built an addition, so that the house is now very unlike what it was.

George Sumner Burrage, fourth son of Captain Josiah, was born Aug. loth, 1806. When twelve years of age he was apprenticed to his uncle, William Burrage, to learn the tanning and currying business. After serving his full time, he went to Boston, remaining several years in business for himself. In 1830, returning to his native town, he entered into partnership with his cousin, Capt. Leonard Burrage, in the old shop where he learned his trade. In 1845 this co-partnership was dissolved and for some years after he was engaged in the manufacture of shoes, but for the last twenty years of his life was not engaged in any special business. He was considered a sagacious business man, and was often placed in positions of responsibility and trust by his fellow townsmen. He represented his town in the Legislature in 185 i, and cast, as he was sometimes pleased to term it, the vote which elected Charles Sumner to the Uni- ted States Senate, he being elected by one majority. His sympathies were with the Anti-Slavery and Temperance reforms in which he actively engaged at a time when those questions were extremely unpopular. At the time of his death he was one of the trustees of the Leominster Savings Bank and a member of the Water Board. For quite a number of years he was a member of the Orthodox Congregational Church, and in the formation of the North Leominster Church he took an active interest. He died suddenly, of heart disease, at his residence in North Leominster, Sunday morning, Feb. 25th, 1877.

Almira, the eldest daughter of Josiah Burrage, was born Feb. i6th, 18 10. She lived with her parents until she married James H. Marshall of Leominster. After a long and severe illness, from which she appeared to be recovering, she died suddenly, Nov. loth, 1872, in Canada, where she had gone a few weeks before on account of her health.

The remaining daughters married out of town. Sarah Axx, the second daughter, married David McClure of Cambridgeport. Martha, the third daughter, married John Dallinger of Cambridge.

Elizabeth Snhth, the fourth daughter, married Peter Farwell of Fitchbnrg. Their eldest daughter, Catherine S., married James N. Steele of Chicago, and now lives in that city. Mr. and Mrs. Farwell resided in Leominster, at one time, on the homestead farm of her father, until 1870 when, all but the youngest of the children having gone to Chicago to live, thev also removed to that cit}'.

William, the fifth son, worked for a time in the paper mills at North Leominster, and afterwards learned the trade of tanl68 LEOMINSTER, HISTORICAL AND PICTURESQUE.

Joseph, the sixth son, also left the farm and apprenticed himself, as did Geo. S. and William, to learn the tanning and currying business at the old shop, then in charge of his cousin Leonard and George S. He, too, went to Boston and established himself in business in 1837.

Johnson C. the seventh son, early showed an inclination for trade, and at fifteen years of age, entered the country variety store of George H. Hills in the center of Leominster. In 1835 his brothers, George S. and William, found him a situation in Boston.

Alvah Augustus, the eighth son, at the age of sixteen, went to Boston at the proposal of Johnson C, and entered the store of Richardson & Burrage to learn the business of selling woolen goods. He was afterwards interested as a partner in several firms, his last business connection being with his brother, Charles H., and two other partners, under the firm style of Burrage Brothers, & Co., until Dec. 31, 1883, when Alvah A. Burrage retired from active participation in trade. At the great fire in 1872, all of the Burrages doing business in Boston, lost heavily; Burrage Brothers & Co., about $100,000; J. C. Burrage & Co., about $50,000; and Reed & Clesson, with whom Joseph Burrage was a special partner, lost $28,800.

While in active business Mr. Burrage served two years i867to69, in the Legislature, and since his retirement from trade has served two years 1875-6, on the Board of Aldermen of Boston. About the year 1855 he became interested in genealogical matters, and commenced making investigations and collecting material for a genealogical history of the New England branch of the Burrage family. Owing to business engagements and other duties, the materials and preparation of the work was not accomplished until 1877, when the Burrage Memorial was published. Through the courtesy of Mr, Burrage we are allowed to gather from its pages many of the facts here given, and also to republish some of the engravings of special interest to Leominster people. The old church at Norton Subcourse, built in 1387, is described as "a single pile and thatched, with a round tower and three bells." The engravmg is a good representation of the church as seen by Mr. Burrage in 1886.

The cut of the Capt. Burrage homestead was engraved from an oil painting by a young artist by the name of Burrage, an Englishman, painted in 1846-47.

Reference has already been made in the Military chapter, to the patriotic sacrifices of members of this family during the Rebellion. In order to make the list complete we give herewith the names of those of the tenth and eleventh generations, who enlisted in the Army and fought in defense of our country. Joseph Perrin Burrage, of Arlington, Thomas Fairbanks Burrage, of Roxbury, Henry Sweetser Burrage, of Fitchburg, William Allen Burrage, of Leominster, Edward Carter Burrage, of Boston, George Francis Burrage of Leominster.

The Carters

Among the first to settle upon the territory known as the Lancaster New or Additional Grant, afterwards, (July 1740,) incorporated as the Town of Leominster, were four brothers, sons of Samuel Carter of Lancaster. Nathaniel, who settled on Bee Hill in 1735, Jonathan, near Chualoom pond, Oliver and Josiah, whose lands extended from the bridge on Granite street to the top of Monoosnock; Oliver's being on the south side and Josiah's on the north, these two farms and a part of the one on Bee Hill being still occupied by direct descendants of the original owners. The tradition is that the father, Samuel, gave to his sons these farms, they cho--ing the location in the

These four brothers were of the fourth generation from Rev. Thomas Carter of Woburn, who is supposed to have been the first of this branch of the family in New England, thus : Rev. Thomas, ist. Rev. Samuel, 2d, Samuel, 3d, Nathaniel, Jonathan, Oliver and Josiah, 4th. From these, with but few exceptions, were descended all the Leominster Carters.

Of the descendants of Oliver, who have made Leominster their home, was Mr. Wilder Carter, son of Dea. Ephraim, born Feb. 10, 1774, died Feb. 29, 1848. He occupied the original farm of his ancestor, represented the town in General Court in 1829-30-31, was engaged in the quarrying of granite on Monoosnock and the manufacture of brick.. He had three sons, George R., born Aug. 3, 1806, who, after doing business in Boston and California, is spending his declining years among the scenes of his childhood. William Sawyer, born March 8, 181 1, died June 6, 1847. He was associated in business with his father and interested in the improvement and progress of the community. Two daughters survive him': Mrs. Caroline I. Chancy, wife of Rev. George L. Chaney of Atlanta, Ga., whose summer home is on Carter Hill, and Mrs. Catharine S. Blunt of New York city. The other son dietl unmarried.

Cai'T. Jamks Carter, son of Josiah, abo\'c nuntioned, born in Leominster, Dec. 12, 1778, died May 26, 1850, inherited the parental estate, the north farm on Carter Hill. He had eleven children who were esteemed and honored both in Leominster and the communities in which they settled. Two sons were educated at Harvard College, James G., graduated in 1820, and Henry in 1830. Artemas lived in and near Chicago, III, and was active in the support of Antioch College. The only surviving child is Josiah H. of Boston. Of the daughters only one, Catherine, born Sept. 17, 1803, died Feb, 11, 1587, resided, after marriage, in Leominster. She married, Jan. 28, 1824, James H. Carter, born in Lancaster, Mass., Feb. 6, 1794, died in Leominster, March 13, 1871, being his second wife. He was for many years a prominent business man of the town. Of their six children two are living, George E. Carter and the wife of Howard M. Lane,

Solon Carter, son of Capt. James, born in Leominster, Sept. 4, 1 80 1, died June 23, 1879. He lived and died on the ancestral farm of his father and grandfather. He was, when a young man, a successful teacher in the schools of his native town, afterwards a useful member of the School Committee for many years, representative to the General Court in 1849-50, an intelligent and skillful farmer, esteemed and respected in all the relations of life. His children were :

Solon A., born June 22, 1837, educated in the common and high schools of the town, resided for a short time in Keene, N. H., where he enlisted in the army, during the war of the Rebellion, and entered the service as Captain of Co. G., 14th N. .H Vols., was afterwards promoted, and has been for several years Treasurer of the State of New Hampshire, residing at Concord.

Addison C. Carter, son of William, also a descendant of Josiah, was born in Leominster, June 16, 1832. He taught in our Public Schools, and attended Groton Academy: He afterwards spent three years in the West. Returning East in 1862, he spent about six years in Worcester. The last fifteen years of his life he was employed in J. H. Lockey's Piano Factory. He died Jan. 21, 1887. He was a faithful, industrious man and was respected by all who knew him.

scended from Josiah, was born in Leominster, Dec. 27, 1800, and died April 3, 1879. He spent his whole life in Leominster, was interested in all that concerned the welfare of the town and its inhabitants, had a kindly greeting for all, particularly the young. He was a comb-maker in the days when the work was mostly done by hand. His surviving children are an unmarried daughter and Chauncy W. Carter.

Chauncv W. Carter, son of Bartimus, born in Leominster, Nov. 5, 1827, was educated in the public schools of the town, and at Wilbraham Academy, studied law in the offices of Joel VV. Fletcher, Esq., of Leominster, and Bacon & Aldrich of Worcester, was admitted to the Bar in June 1857, began the practice of law in Gardner, Mass., in August of the same year, returning to Leominster five years later. He has been a member of the Board of Assessors and of the Selectmen and was appointed Trial Justice in Sept. 1883. He has two sons, Alfred F., born in Gardner, Mass., May 10, 1862, now residing at Sherborn, Mass., and Robert L., born in Leominster, March 30, 1869, studying law in the office of his father.

The facts relating to this family are taken from the Carter Memorial, for the use of which, we are indebted to Mrs. Chauncy W. Carter who gave several years to the labor of collecting material and carefully preparing it for publication in that volume.

The Hills

The family of Hills was for many years identified almost exclusively with the comb business of Leominster, the members of which are referred to in that connection. Mrs. Chas. W. Drake, of this town, a memberof the Hills family, is interested in preparing a genealogy of the family, which she hopes at some future time to publish.

The Joslins

This family is one of the oldest in the history of the town. Peter Joslin, a grandson of the ancestor of the farnily, in America, early in the seventeenth century, purchased a larg# tract of land in the north easterly part of the town, (Leominster) known as "Joslin Hill." He was a son of Nathaniel and Sarah Joslin, and was born at Lancaster in 1665. He lived to the great age of 94 years. His grandfather, Thomas Joslin, with his wife, Rebecca and five children, the youngest, Mary, but one year old at the time, came to America from England in the ship "Increase", in 1635. He took up his abode at Hingham for a few years, and thence removed to Watertown, where he resided until 1653, when, with his son Nathaniel and the other members of the family, he joined with a few others and settled in the valley of the "Nashaway," afterwards Lancaster. The records show that Thomas Joslin and Nathaniel Joslin signed the first agreement or covenant for a local government, Sept. 12, 1654. Thomas Joslin died 1660, leaving a will recorded at Cambridge. Nathaniel Joslin married Sarah King of Marlborough, 1659, and resided at Lancaster until the destruction of the settlement by the Indians in 1676, when he escaped with his family to Marlborough, where he afterward lived and there died, 1694, leaving a will which is on record at Cambridge.

Peter, on attaining his majority, returned to Lancaster and occupied the ancestral lands. He married Sarah Howe of Marlborough. This wife and three small children were killed by the Indians, July 18, 1692, while the husband and father was absent from home. His second wife and an infant child suffered a like fate. As the issue of a fourth marriage there were born three sons, one of whom was John, and it is from him that the writer's family descends. The order of the generations are, Thomas (i) the Emigrant, Nathaniel {2), Peter (3)

John (4), John (5), Elias (6), Elias (7), Charles L. (8). John (4) was active in town matters. John (5) was in the Revolutionary war when a young man, and became an honored and respected citizen. Like his father he was deacon of the church, and for some thirty years town treasurer. He was also representative to the General Court.

History in detail shows that the family furnished its quota in all the struggles in behalf of civilization, independence, and the preservation of the country's liberties. Mary Joslin, the infant of one year when the family came to America, became the wife of Roger Sumner, son of the emigrant William Sumner, who settled in Dorchester. Roger Sumner signed the Lancaster covenant, 1659. Sumner and family escaped the massacre of 1676, and soon after removed from Lancaster to Milton where he afterward lived. His wife survived him several years, dying at an advanced age. Roger Sumner was ancestor of the late Hon. Charles Sumner. Nathaniel Joslin and Roger Sumner were executors of Thomas Joslin's will. From this ancestry the Joslin family has become numerous and is scattered through many of the states. The writer has had correspondence with members of the family in eight different states of the Union, and all trace their lineage back to Thomas as the common ancestor.

Sir Henry Joslin (Josselyn) who was Deputy Governor of Maine under Mason, left no issue. Dr. John Joslin, his brother, and author of "New England's Rarities Discovered," published in London, 1672, and "Two Voyages to New England," published 1675, lived and died a bachelor. The claim made by some writers that certain branches of the family sprang from one or the other of these sources, is not founded in fact. Thos. Joslin who settled in and died at Lancaster, 1660, is the

Biography By Families. I75

II, 1874. He was a life-long resident of Leominster, and took a lively interest in military matters. He was a member of Capt. Tenney's company, at the time the requisition was made for troops in the war of 1812. He was promoted through the different grades until he held a major's commission. He married, Nov. 17, 1799, Elizabeth Stearns, who died Jan. 24, 1885. Their surviving children are William, the eldest, who resides in Illinois, Charles L. in Leominster, and John E. in New Hampshire, Mary E., married N. G. Thorn, and resides in Haverhill, James T. is a resident of Hudson, Mass., Martha A. (Mrs. W. B. Tisdale) in Leominster, Col. Geo. C. in Boston, and Ellen L. who resides in Cambridge, Mass.

Charles L. Joslin, son of Major Elias Joslin. was born in Leominster, Jan. 12, 1823, attended the common schools of the town, and at the age of 16 was apprenticed to learn the combmakers' trade with Thomas G. and Joseph G. Merriam, who carried on business in the old house where Mr. Joslin's grandfather and father both lived, and where the town farm buildings now stand.

Having finished his apprenticeship at 21 he remained until the death of Mr. Thomas G. Merriam, some two years later, in 1845, when he came into town, and in company with another young man, the late Dana Graham, bought out Mr. Luther Longley, and carried on business under the firm name of Graham & Joslin, locating in the second small building beyond the Welcome blacksmith shop on Central street. Here their business increased so rapidly that at the end of two years they were obliged to look for more room with sufficient water power, to secure which some thirty-five acres of land with a dwelling house thereon was purchased, and the dam which flows the pond known as the Union Comb Co. pond was put in. Here in 1846-47 Mr. Joslin built a factory. He also commenced housekeeping in the dwelling referred to, in which Mrs. Mun- ger now lives, on Union St. In their new factory the firm carried on business some two years, when Mr. Joslin sold his interest to his partner, and engaged in business with his brother-in-law, Mr. E. G. Adams, building a factory on Union street. In 1857 this building was sold to Pollard & Butterick, removed to near the hotel and used by them in the clothing business until it was destroyed by fire. The firm occupied a portion of the Lockey shop, east of and adjoining the Old Colony R. R., which was burned and again rebuilt by Mr. Lockey. Mr. Adams being in failing health, Mr. Joslin purchased his interest and in the spring of 1871 bought of Putnam & Phelps a tract of land on which he built the main part of the present A. W. Williams factory, and in company with W. L. Palmer and A. W. Williams began the manufacture of horn and rubber jewelry. The firm Vvas then Joslin, Palmer and Williams, but after about five years Mr. Palmer sold out to the remaining partners and the business was conducted by Joslin and Williams until 1883, when Mr. Joslin disposed of his interest to Mr. Williams and retired from active business. Mr. Joslin has been a direct-or in the National Bank from the time of its organization in 1864, and is at present Vice President of the Leominster Savings Bank. He also served the town several years on the board of Selectmen, and in 1859 represented his district in the Legislature. He married, Oct. 28, 1846, Martha J. Adams, of Townsend. Their children are Martha D. who married John T. Brown, for many years in the establishment of A. T. Stewart in New York ; Clara A. who married J. Wm. Wetherbee of this town ; Mary E., and Charles A., the youngest, who married Alice, daughter of Geo. ¥. Morse, and is the present town clerk and treasurer of Leominster.

He made a choice of the legal profession and is now a successful practitioner in that town. He has for years been interested in securing facts relating to the history of this family, and has now a large amount of valuable material which it is his purpose at some time to publish.

Chapter

R. Joel Smith was horn in Leominster, August 23, 1 81 2, and was, at the time of his death, just past seventysix years of age. He was a son of Joel and Abigail Smith and was one of four brothers. The oldest only is now living. At an early age he was left to the care of an uncle, Mr. James Divoll, whose residence was on Prospect street, North Leomin* ster. On a farm, located oE this street, as it turns towards Shirley, Mr. Smith spent his boyhood until his fourteenth year. He was educated in the Public Schools of this town. At the age of fourteen he went to Wilton, N. H., for the purpose of learning the carpenter's trade. His reason for giving up this plan may be stated in his own words. " My weight at that time was ninety pounds. After eleven months service my weight was reduced to eighty pounds. Taking the advice of my uncle and elder brother I returned to Leominster and served an apprenticeship with Jonas Colburn, for the comb business." That this change was a wise one, Mr. Smith's skill as a workman and success as a manufacturer of these goods is sufficient proof. \\'hen his trade was learned, after the man- ner of those times, Mr. Smith worked for some years, as a journeyman combmaker. In 1836 he began business for himself in company with George W. Smith and John Nourse. The shop where they manufactured combs, stood just south of the spot now occupied by the " Leominster House." Some years later Mr. Smith was in business with Abel Chase and Oliver Patch, in a building which stood on the site of what was afterwards the Union Comb Shop, now the Richardson Carriage Co. 's Works. When the building was enlarged and the Union Comb Co. formed, Mr. Smith became President of the Co., the other members being Mr. Stephen Tisdale, John Bates, James Gallup. Mr. Smith was President of this company for five years, from 1867 to 1872. The property was wholly destroyed by fire in 1872, and after the shop was rebuilt, the company was changed and Mr. Smith withdrew. He soon started again for himself in a part of the Lockey Piano Shop, which then occupied the site of Valpey & Anthony's Shoe Factory. Here in 1879, Mr. H. R. Smith, a son of Isaac Smith, was received into the business with his uncle. The firm was known as Joel Smith and Company, and continued business until 1885, when Mr. H. R. Smith withdrew. During this time the firm met with a severe loss in the fire which wholly destroyed that part of the Lockey Piano Shops, which stood south of the railroad. After the fire the business was again started in a shop connected with the factory of W. D. Earl & Co. Here Mr. Joel Smith continued to manufacture horn goods after Mr. H. R. Smith left the firm, until he moved (within the present year) to more convenient quarters in a part of the comb shop of Mr. A. W. Williams. Here he was doing business with Mr. John Bates at the time of his death.

The circumstances attending the death of Mr. Smith were, as follows : As usual Mr. Smith had witnessed the annual parade of the Fire Department, in the work and good name of which he was greatly interested. He was, so far as known, in his usual health. Late in the afternoon he had spent some time in conversation with Mr. Gardner Morse as to matters of mutual interest and memory. As the early evening was cool, Mr. Smith said he would go to his home and get warm before it was time for supper in the Town Hall. He was present at the supper, and took part in the speaking which followed. Previous to the supper, he and Mr. F. A. Whitney had made this agreement : That Mr. Whitney should_ call upon Mr. Smith for a speech and upon its delivery should pay a certain sum - to be named by Mr. Smith - to the Fire Department. This arrangement, so pleasantly conceived, had just been as happily completed, when Mr. Smith turned to leave the Hall and died almost instantly of heart disease.

Some mention should be made of Mr. Smith's work outside of his own private business. He was a man who never thought that all his time and energy ought to be consumed for his own personal profit. So far as town matters go, Mr. Smith was a liberal and public spirited citizen. Of this his whole history is ample proof. Nothing which would in his judgment aid the town, was foreign to his thought or labor. He served the people well, and was honored by them in many ways.

Mr. Smith was one of the original corporate members of the Leominster Savings Bank and a member of the Board of Trustees from its first organization in 1867, also a member of its Investment Committee from 1873 until his death. He was appointed a Director of the First National Bank of Leominster, Sept. 20, 1875, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his former partner, Oliver Patch, and was elected President in 1884. He was a Director in the Leominster National Bank from its organization in July 1884. During the more than thirteen years he was Director, (with the exception of the time he was absent as a member of the Legislatur-e), he was absent

Mr. Smith often served and honored his town in places of public as well as private trust. It must suffice to mention in this connection his service in the Legislature in i8cS2-3. As a Representative he did faithful and efficient service, honoring himself and the office which he held. Any mention of Mr. Smith would seem incomplete which did not make prominent his connection with the Anti-Slavery Reform and the cause of temperance. In those times when it cost something to be an anti-slavery man, Mr. Smith was such a man. He was a member of the Leominster Anti-Slavery Society, formed in 1838. Later he was associated with such men as Dr. Joel S. Bingham, Dea. Isaac Cowdrey, Isaac Smith, Jonas Colburn and Oliver Patch, in the Leominster branch of "The Anti-Man-Hunting League." At the home of Mr. Smith there was always a warm welcome for the fugitive slave. The story cannot now be fully told, but it should be said that in all the work of those hot and eventful years from 1840 to 1861, Mr. Smith bore earnest and honorable part.

Mr. Smith was also an earnest, consistent, and persistent friend of temperance. He gave time, money, and effort to the cause. Whatever he undertook he did with a will. His whole heart was in his work. Leominster has had few more honored citizens.

[The foregoing sketch from the editorial columns of the "Enterprise ' is given here instead of in the business chapter on account of the sudden death of Mr. Smith at time of publication.]

Dana Graham was born in Leominster, May 9, 1821. He was the eldest of a family of twelve children, and was apprenl82 LEOMINSTER, HISTORICAL AND PICTURESQUE.

ticed to the comb making trade when sixteen years of age. After being associated with Mr. Charles L. Joslin for three years he removed, in October, 1850, to Lancaster, Pa., where he associated himself with John Shaffner of that city, and the comb manufactory at the corner of Market and James streets, was built. The firm of Shaffner & Graham was continued until 1870, when Mr. Shaffner died. Mr. Graham attended to all the details of the large industry until 1881, when he took his eldest son, John S., into partnership, the firm of D. Graham & Son, continuing until the death of Mr. Graham the present year.

Mr. Graham was a man of excellent business qualifications. His ability was recognized in his adopted city. He was elected a member of its council for several years and was also chosen the first alderman of the ninth ward. In politics he was unwavering in his support of the Republican party. He was prominently identified with the Masonic and Odd Fellow fraternities. He took an active interest in Fire and Building loan Association matters. He was President of the Washington Fire Company and Treasurer of the Union Building and Loan Association from its organization. Mr. Graham was married Jan. 19, 1848, to Miss Lucy M. Grant, of Northfield, Vermont, who survives him. Ten children blessed this union, five of whom are living, three sons and two daughters ; John S., Dana H., G. Atlee, Mrs. Lennie E. Herzog, and Miss P2mma C, who was educated as a nurse in Blockley Hospital, Philadelphia, and who faithfully attended her father in his last illness. Mr. Graham died April 14th, 1888, and was buried with Masonic honors.

Winters Day Somers was born in Rochester, N. Y., May 8, 1825. At an early age he removed to Newton, Conn., where he learned the carpenter's trade. In 1852 he came to Leominster with Herman Botsford, (who returned to Connecticut in

Winter D. Somers William Durant

1855); they began the manufacture of Horn Buttons in Morseville, in a building which has since been burned. Two years later he removed to the Carter shop where Rockwell's mill now stands. Here he formed a co-partnership with a Mr. Piatt under the firm name of Piatt & Somers. Upon the dissolution of this firm he purchased the shop on Central street where he carried on business until the time of his death.

Mr. Somers conducted a safe and successful business. He had the ability to use tools, was his own carpenter, blacksmith and general mechanic. He was careful and methodical in doing business, and prompt to meet his obligations. His death was caused by an accident on INIonday morning, April 30, 1S83, one of the saddest accidents that had occurred for years. While attempting to unwind a broken belt without stopping the power or slackening the speed, a loop of the belt caught around his wrist, drawing him up over the shafting, causing instant death.

Mr. Somers was not only a prominent business man but a public spirited citizen. He was a member of Wilder Lodge, ¥. and A. M., for about twenty years, and was also connected with Jerusalem Commandery of Fitchburg, in whose affairs he took a deep interest. In Oct. 1852, previous to removing to Leominster, he was married to Miss Phoebe Sherman, who, by her sympathy and encouragement did much to help him in his business. .They had two children, both daughters, one of whom is the wife of Henry Edgerly and the other is the wife of A. S. Paton.

At the funeral services Wilder Lodge and Jerusalem Commandery attended in a body, and many places of business and stores were closed as a mark of appreciation and respect.

Hiram W. Pitts was born Dec. 2, 1814. The following year his father, James Pitts, removed with his family to that part of the town of Lancaster, Mass., which is now included in

Hiram was employed from the age of eight to eighteen in the cotton mill, and the latter part of the time in the grist mill. Upon the death of his father he, in connection with his brothers, ran the cotton mill in the manufacture of satinet warps, until 1842, when he sold his interest to his brothers and went to Worcester to run a woolen mill. The mill property in Lancaster was soon after sold to E. B. Bigelow, the present Lancaster mills corporation being formed and succeeding to the o^vnership. From Worcester Mr. Pitts went to West Fitchburg, taking charge of a mill for Col. Ivers Phillips, two years after removing to Pltchburg, taking on contract the factory now a part of the Pitts mill, then much smaller than at the present time. After two years he went to Saquoit, N. Y., and in company with Edwin F. Wheeler began to run a mill by contract. F"or several years thereafter he was interested in various manufacturing enterprises in different places.

In 1849 he entered into a ten years' partnership with Benj. Marshall, one of the founders of the long celebrated Black Ball line of packet ships between New York and Liverpool, who had withdrawn from commerce and engaged in manufacturing. The factory was located at Middleboro, Vt. In addition to this in 1867 he took into his own hands the factory in Fitchburg, removing his family to Leominster, Mass. In 1876 he erected a new mill in Fitchburg, now known as the Pitts mill.

Mr. Pitts married, in 1842, Betsey S. Burditt of Leominster, who died in 1843. In 1846 he married Mary A. Merriam of Fitchburg. The children are Abby E., B. Marshall, and Etta L. B. Marshall Pitts was the efficient assistant of his father in the office, and upon his death, Dec. 22, 1881, succeded to the business. He was also chosen a Director \n ^he Safety

William Durant was born in Lancaster, xvlass., 1803 ; he came to Leominster in 1840, where he pursued his avocation as blacksmith, until within a few years of his death, in 1879. He was deeply devoted to the interests of Free Masonry, being one of the founders and first Master of Wilder Lodge in this town. The great moral reforms of the present age found in him an earnest advocate, being among the first to enlist in the cause of temperance, for which he suffered quite a little persecution. " Dare to do right," was his motto through life.

Samuel Gardner Wilder was born in Leominster, June 20, 183 1. The family, in 1844, settled in Illinois, then on the frontier. From thence the subject of this sketch crossed the almost trackless mountains and plains to California in 1852. There he was employed by the Adams Express Co., having, as an associate therein, his future Honolulu fellow citizen, ]\Ir. R. W. Laine.

Mr. Wilder arrived in Honolulu in the Clipper Ship White Swallow, in the year 1857. The same year he married there Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. G. P. Judd, the bridal couple making their honeymoon trip in the White Swallow to New York. On returning to the Islands Mr. Wilder went into sugar planting at Makawano, Maui, but this enterprise was brought to an unfortunate termination by the destruction of the plantation by fire. Afterwards in company with Dr. Judd, he started a plantation at Kuola, Oahu, but owing to the poor soil this was abandoned. He was next engaged in the auctioneer business with E. P. Adams & Co., and later in the lumber business with Hon. J. I. Dowsett, soon after, buying Mr. Dowsett's interest. This continued one of the leading branches of busi- ness to the last. In nothing, however, was Mr. Wilder so identified with the life of his adopted country, as in the remarkable development of Inter-Island Steam Navigation. The flotilla which he gathered together consisted of the steamers, Kilauea, Likelike, Mokolii, Lehua, Kinaii, and the Kilama Hon. After the arrival of the Kinau in 1883, Mr. Wilder formed the Wilder Steamship Co., that has since conducted business under his presidency. The corporation also acquired the barque J. A. King, employing her in the large lumber business of Wilder & Co., between Honolulu and Pugent Sound.

For his active services in securing the election of King Lunalilo, the latter appointed Mr. Wilder to the House of Nobles. Upon the death of Lunalilo, Mr. Wilder espoused the cause of the late King's rival, David Kalakaua. The present King summoned Mr. Wilder to his Cabinet in 1878 in which he was Minister of the Interior until August 1880, when he retired suddenly at the inception of the Moreno fiasco. He had been raised in the meantime to membership of the Privy Council of State, continuing a member of the House of Nobles also. Mr. Wilder's Administration of the Department of the Interior was characterized by a well defined policy of internal improvements. Besides the construction of roads and bridges and other public conveniences, he initiated and carried out the project of a Marine Railway, which was constructed in 1882. In 188 1 he built the Kohala railroad from Mahukoua to Niulii on the Island of Hawaii and in 1884, acquired the Kahuliu Railroad on Maui by purchase. One thousand men were furnished emjiloymcnt by Wilder & Co., the Wilder Steamship Co., the Railroad, and others of Mr. Wilder's large concerns.

last year Mr. Wilder showed the qualities of a practical parliamentarian, prompt and precise in his rulings ; combining rare tact with energy in the dispatch of business. The King had conferred upon Mr. Wilder the distinctions of a Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Kalakaua, and Grand Officer of the Royal Order Crown. His death occurred July 28th, 1888, after about a month's illness. The funeral was attended by the Cabinet Ministers and the Legislative Assembly in a body, and by a concourse of people probably more numerous than had attended any funeral there except of royal personages.

Mr. Wilder leaves a widow and three sons, two claushters and four grandchildren. His first born son lost his life by an accident. His son, G. ]'. Wilder was married last year and one of his daughters is Mrs. C. L. Wight of Kohala. The surviving brothers are Wm. C. and John K. Wilder.

Mr. Jacob Colburx was born in Leominster, May 23d, 1806. He learned the comb makers' trade of James H. Carter. He was married April 25, 1831, to Miss H. Spaulding, and in 1840 went into business for himself, continuing in the same for a quarter of a century, until the time of his death which occurred July ist, 1865, having spent his whole life in Leominster.

Major Thomas Sidney Bennett, fourth son of Calvin and Hannah Fletcher Bennett, was born in Leominster, May 22d, 1 8 10. He attended school in his native town until he was fourteen years of age, when he served an apprenticeship of seven years in the horn comb business, with the late John Kendall of this town. He was married at the age of twentythree years to Sarah Newton Boutelle, who, with their two daughters, is now living, two sons having died ; seven grandsons survive. In 1837 he removed to Philadelphia, but in a few months returned to Leominster, where he followed his trade until his death, March 9th, 1881.

in the Leominster Artillery Company before the age of manhood, and received his commission as Major, in the second Brigade, in 1838, from Gov. Lklward Everett, being honorably discharged in 1841, when the Battalion under his command was disbanded. His great interest in military affairs continued through his life, and during the late war he did all in his power to aid and comfort those who were comrades with his only son, the late Capt. Eugene A. Bennett ; making visits to Washington, Poolesville, Md., and other places, while spending a winter at Annapolis, employed for the soldiers, and also went to Antietam battlefield, in company with Rev. Eli Eay and Dea. I. Covvdrey, to relieve the ne^ds of Leominster soldiers.

The poor fugitive from slavery's bonds, was welcomed as a guest in his home and many of dusky hue were there entertained. In 1850 he purchased a pew in the Unitarian Church, and was for se\'cral years its sexton. No hour was too early or too late, for him to faithfully try to attend to his ckities. A member of the L. F. D., he served as steward and foreman of the old "Torrent No. i," de\-oted and efficient, ever ready to do his part when action was needed. At social gatherings, or when sickness and death came to his friends and neighbors, his kindly services were often rendered, and when past the allotted age of man, after a frugal and temperate life, he was called to depart, leaving friends to enjoy the reward of his labors, he went in peace to his rest.

A. M. Poi.LEV was born in the town of Shirley, in 18 10. He came to Leominster at an early age, and worked for Col. Asa Longlc}' at the shoe business from the age of 14 to 21. 1^'or a time lie engaged in business as a custom shoe maker. He was afterwards associated with Isaac Smitli in the firm of Policy & .'-"niith, in the manufacture of boots and shoes at wholesale until i860. The firm of A. M. Policy & Son was formed in 1862, occupying a building near the hotel, since burned, afterwards a building across the Square where Wood's block now stands, and later removing to the present location in Monoosnock block. Mr. Policy was an active temperance man, and an ardent supporter of the Anti-Slavery cause in its darkest days. He was interested in military matters and was one of the early and prominent members of Wilder Lodge, F. & A. M. He died Sept i8, 1880.

James B. Gallup was born in Clayville, a village in the town of Foster, Rhode Island, July 28, 1821, and came to reside in Leominster about the year 1840.

He entered the employ of G. & A. Morse and Jonas Colburn, working at the trade of comb maker. He afterwards went to Northboro, where he formed a copartnership with Calvin B. Cook for the manufacture of combs. Subsequently in that place he engaged in business with Samuel Woodward, and on his own account entered into numerous speculations, among them being the business of buying and selling woodland, in which he was very successful. Returning to Leominster some time previous to the war he engaged in the comb business with Philander Woodbury. Afterwards in the same business with B. F. Blodgett. After the dissolution of this firm in 1867 he became a member of the Union Comb Co. In 1S72 the comb factory of this corporation was destroyed by fire, after which a new company was organized with Mr. Gallup as President, an office held by him until his last sickness.

At the age of nineteen he married Miss Orissa Wheelock of Leominster, and their only son, George B. Gallup, was one of the first to enlist from this town, and gave his life as a sacrifice to the cause of the Union.

Iqo Leominster, Historical And Picturesque

public or political office. He was known among his acquaintances as a kindhearted, generous man. He died at his residence on Lancaster St. August 31, 1884.

Philander Woodbury was born in l^olton, Mass., Oct. 2, 1831. When a boy he came to Leominster and learned the comb makers' trade of Emerson Prescott. He then went to Northboro and worked at his trade a few years, and while there married. He returned to Leominster in 1859, going into business with Mr. James B. Gallup. Three years later the partnership was dissolved and he bought out the business of Mr. Prescott, carrying it on for two years, when he was again with Mr. Gallup for a year, at the end of which time, in 1867, he felt obliged to seek a change of climate. He went to Minnesota and engaged in buying and selling lands, but he failed to regain his health and died Dec. 13, 187 1.

Luke Wilder was born Sept. 25, 1786, and died June 22, 1864. He was a blacksmith by trade, as were his father and grandfather before him, and in 181 1 he built the dam on Mechanic street now owned by John Mather, where for many years with trip hammer works he manufactured a.xes, scythes, and other edge tools, sending them abroad, many of them to the great west, so that (as Gov. Everett once remarked) "one could hardly travel in any direction without finding a Leominster axe."

Maj. Amos Haws. Li 1795, Benjamin Haws, the grandfather of Mr. M. D. Haws, purchased a large tract of land in the southwest side of the Nashua river, including the property now owned by the family. The next year he moved here from Norfolk County. At that time his son Amos was only two years old. The family had, it would seem, a natural aptitude for the boot and shoe business, At kasl; four generations, in a direct line, have made the manufacture of these articles a successful calling. But the father of Major Haws was not wholly occu=- pied with the boot and shoe business. He, also, owned and worked a farm. On this farm young Haws was employed until he reached his majority. He then began the manufacture of boots and shoes in the shop owned by his father. This shop stood nearly opposite the present home of Mr. M. D. Haws, North Leominster. This business he continued until he bought the Grist and Saw Mill from the heirs of Israel Nichols, in 1830. A few years later he sold the mills to Jonas Kendall & Sons, who bought them to get full control of all the water power. When there was not water sufficient for both their paper mill and the grist mill, the latter was stopped, to allow the paper mill to run. The farmers and others were so disappointed and troubled because they could not get their grain made into meal as heretofore, that, knowing Mr. Haws had a water power privilege farther down the river upon his own land, they made up a subscription, which they presented, to encourage him to build a new mill. Upon the receipt of their subscription in 1837, he built a saw, grain and flour mill upon his land, which required a canal of about 100 rods from the main stream. During the nine years while Mr, Haws run this mill, the average quantity of grain ground annually was 15,400 bushels, nearly one-fifth of which was wheat, besides running his saws in the mill most of the time during each year.

In the History of Leominster, by David Wilder, on pages 123-4-5, we find this statement : "There is one fact connected with the erection of the mills, too good to be withheld from posterity, viz.: From time immemorial, it has been the custom, in this town, whenever the mills, dwelling houses or other buildings of individuals shall have been swept away by floods, or destroyed by fire, for the inhabitants, generally, to raise funds by subscription or otherwise, to enable such individuals to rebuild, without the expectation that such funds will ever be returned, but I have never known of but one instance of funds having been raised in this- way to encourage an individual to commence a new work. That a handsome sum was raised by subscription, and given to Major Haws to encourage him to undertake the work in his private capacity. This he did, and after improving the mill profitably for a number of years with characteristic honesty and honor, he called on all the contributors then living, and very unexpectedly to them, refunded to each the full amount of his subscription." It may be added to the foregoing record, that some of the contributors remarked when receiving back their subscriptions, that they wished that they had given more, for Major Haws had kept the money for them, and now they had it, while if it had been left with them, they should have spent it. Mr. Haws believed in the efficiency and took a strong interest in the Military arm of the State and Nation. When the call came for State troops, in 18 12, to report at Boston, he was just recovering from a severe illness. But he was very earnest in his desire to go with the Artillery Company of which he had lately become a member. His father, however, strongly opposed such action on the boy's part, and only yielded on the personal assurance of Captain Tenney that he would look after him. Then the father took the boy in his carriage and started after the company, overtaking them at Concord. Then young Haws left the carriage and took his place in the ranks and marched to Dorchester Heights. When the company was ordered home a, few weeks later, he returned with greatly improved health. At a later period he was Captain of the Company, and Major of the Battalion of Artillery to which the Company belonged. Mr. Haws served the town on the board of Overseers of the Poor and on various Committees. He had the confidence, to an unusual degree, of his fellow citizens ; he was a prompt and efficient man of bus- iness and no matters of his own, or interests of others committed to him, were left until to-morrow, when they could and ought to be cared for at once. Major Haws belonged to the sturdy, downright and upright, New England type of character, which sets its seal upon the Nation's charter of liberty.

Capt. Thomas Hills, son of John and Sarah Hills, was born in Leaminster, April 7th, 1784. He was, for many years, a prominent manufacturer of horn combs, conducting the business at his place, located in the Southwesterly part of the town familiarly known in those days as "Manchester," but more generally known as the "Hill Road." In those days this portion of the town, where now no manufacturing whatever is carried on was a noted locality for the manufacture of combs, and many of our old comb makers served their apprenticeship with Thos. and Charles Hills.

It seems worthy of mention that for the distance of nearly a half mile, in this neighborhood, in a northerly direction from his home there were ten or eleven families, and nearly every one bore the name of Hills, and those who did not were in some way related to that family.

For many years he was identified with the military. In 181 1 he was appointed a Sergeant in a company in this town, then attached to the 4th Reg., 2d Brig., 7th Div. of the militia of Mass. The Regiment, at that time, was commanded by Lieut. Col. Israel Nichols of this town. Later on he was promoted, respectively, as Ensign, Lieutenant and Captain of the company, receiving this latter commission May 31st, 18 16, his commission being signed by His Excellency Gov. Caleb Strong. He filled this position until his resignation T'cb. 17th, 1818. In the fall of 1814, during the war of 1812, Capt. Kilbourn's company, in which he was at that time holding the position of Ensign, was ordered to Fort Warren, in Boston harbor, for garrison duty, where they remained for si.xty days,

He was twice married, first to Dolly, daughter of the late Capt. John Buss. In 1S36 she died, and March 4th, 1838 he was again married to Nancy W. Colburn. He died April 2nd, i85i,aged nearly 6^ years. His three children, Josephine, Thos. A. and Chas. Wm., still survive him.

Moses D. Richardson. In July, 1630, among the English immigrants who accompanied Gov. Winthrop to America, came three brothers named Richardson, who settled in Charlestown, Mass.

One of their descendants, Silas Richardson, who was born in Medvvay, Mass., Jan. 12th, 1762, bought a farm in Leominster, and settled here in 1790. Besides carrying on this farm he also worked at his trade of wheelright. 71ie house he occupied had been a garrison in 1777. In this house his youngest son, Moses D. Richardson was born in 1805, and died July 24, 1888, having spent his entire lifetime of eighty-three years under the same roof, except when he attended school in Groton. He joined the Baptist Church in 1828, si.xty years ago, was its clerk from 1835 to 1838, and in 1840 was chosen deacon. He was also appointed to various services in the Ecclesiastical Society. His nature was quiet and unassuming, but he was nevertheless, an active member of the church in his younger years, and when age, with its increasing feebleness, came upon him, he still continued to attend church, longer, perhaps, than in the judgment of others would ha\'e seemed prudent and advisable. He died as he lived, leaving the memory of a good life well ended with those who sur\'ive him.

James A. Rici!.\ki)S(in, elder son of Moses D. and y\bby \V. Richardson, was born at North Leominster, July 19, 1854. After leaving the High School he resided at home until 1877, when he went to California. During the past ten years he has been principally engaged in real estate business in Oregon and California,

Moses D. Richardson Biographical Continued

Dr. Dana P, Richardson, younger son of Moses D. and Abby W. Richardson, was born at North Leominster, Oct. 14, 1855. He graduated from the Leominster High School in 1876, from the Harvard Medical College in 1882, practiced four years in his native town, and in Nov. 1886, removed to Gloucester. Oct. 18, 1888, he married Fannie L. Benton of Fitchburg, and at present, is successfully practicing at Bay View, Gloucester.

Jacob Augustus Kendall, was born in Ashby, Mass., in 1827. He learned the painter's trade in Lexington, and came to Leominster when about 19 years of age, and started in business for himself. He was a man of unusual activity, indomitable perseverance and pushed ahead to success.

In business matters he was thoroughly wide awake, and, in money matters, especially in dealing with his help, was always prompt and reliable.

Mr. Kendall never held town offices ; he was too busy to seek office and when urged to accept it steadily refused. He was for twenty-two years a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a regular attendant at the Orthodox Congregational Church. In his home relations Mr. Kendall was peculiarly happy, and all his spare hours were gladly given given to his family. He died Nov. 13, 1886, at his home on Main street.

Charles Carter was born in Peterboro', N. H., Jan. 25, 1802, and died in Leominster, March 23, 1887. He came to Leominster, when a young man and engaged in the tailoring business, making all the military and band uniforms in this section. Subsequently he manufactured combs, and was the first paper box maker in town. He took a deep interest in military affairs and was promoted from Captain to Lieut. Colonel. He was also a prominent mason and an active business man.

ten years of age, his father's family moved to Leominster. In 1827, he united with the Orthodox Church, then a struggling organization only five years old. Of this church he was a member 61 years. He was a conscientious, upright, straightforward man, respected and esteemed by his fellow-citizens. He served the town faithfully as Selectman, Assessor and Overseer of the Poor. His wife and two daughters, Mrs. Carter -and Mrs. Willard survive him.

John Coolidge was born in Gardner, Mass., but removed to Leominster and there spent the rest of his days. He was employed in the comb and horn business and other works at different times. He died Feb. 3, 1885, the circumstances of his death being such as to call forth unusual expressions of sympathy. In doing a kind act for a friend and neighbor, watching by his bedside during his last illness, he received from his heated brow the poison which caused his death. It was a kind heart that prompted him to this act of self sacrifice, which will not soon be forgotten in the community.

Commercial

|0 BETTER index of the business activities of the town can be found than the two banking institutions, one of which furnishes all the needed monetary accommodation to manufacturers, merchants and business men generally, and the other accommodating the large number of persons who make it a point to save some portion of their earnings to be laid by for a rainy day. The First National Bank of Leominster was organized in 1864, with John H, Lockey for its first President, and Joel C. Allen, Cashier. Its charter having expired in 1884, by limitation. The present bank is its successor.

The Leominster National Bank, was organized with a capital of $150,000. Its officers are : Hamilton Mayo, President ; A. L. Burditt, Cashier ; Fred J. Lothrop, Teller ; W. A. Putnam, Book-keeper ; Directors, Hamilton Mayo, Charles L. Joslin, John M. Lockey, F. A. Whitney, George L, Rice, Nahum Harwood, A. L. Burditt and A. W. Williams.

ster, Mass., Feb. 26th, 185 i ; son of William and Mary Mayo, was graduated from Meriden Academy in 1869, Dartmouth College in 1873, and Albany Law School in 1874, at which time he was admitted to the bar, and in February of the following year, 1875, opened an office in Leominster. Since that time he has devoted himself to the practice of his profession. He was appointed Trial Justice in 1883, and still holds that ofifice ; he is one of the Trustees and one of the Investment Committee of the Leominster Savings Banks. He was for several years a member of the School Board, and during the latter part of the time was chairman. Nov. 20th, 1878 was married to Florence G. Curtis of Portland, Maine.

A. L. BuKDiTT was first identified with the bank in 1865, at which time he went in as an assistant to Joel C. Allen, Cashier. He was appointed Cashier of the First National l^ank in 1870 and Treasurer of the Savings Bank in 1871, and still holds both positions.

The Leominster Savings Bank was incorported in 1865. The three original charter members were John H. Lockey, Leonard Burrage and James H. Carter. Mr. Lockey, who was then in the State Legislature, being instrumental in securing the act of incorporation. The officers of the l^ank are : Dvvight ]i Look, President ; Charles L. Joslin, Vice President ; A. L. Ikirdett, Clerk and Treasurer ; Trustees, C. C. l^oyden, Hamilton Mayo, George Woods, V. A. Whitney, Geo. F. Colburn, Geo. Hall, J. G. Tenney, Clesson Kenney and D. C. Nickerson.

DwKinr 11 Look, President, is a native of Conway, Mass., where he was born April 19th, 1820. tlis education was such as the common schools of his native town and the neighboring village of Shelburn Falls afforded. In 1836 he left Conway and went to Hatfield and engaged in making corn brooms and brushes. In 1840 he returned to Conway and with his brothers engaged in tlie manufacture of horn combs of various kinds. In 1847 Mr. Look came to Leominster, and continued to work at the same business until 1854, when he associated himself with his two brothers, and William Tilton, under the firm name of Look, Tilton & Co., in the manufacture of the same goods. In 1856 he went into the Dry Goods and Grocery business with J. O. A. Pierce under the firm name of J. O. A. Pierce & Co. After two years he returned to the manufacture of horn goods associated with Wm. Tilton and J. W. Bates under the firm name of Tilton, Look & Co. In 1869 the firm was dissolved, and the business and factory were sold. In 1872 he resumed the business with A. G. Derby and Geo. R. Damon, under the firm name of Derby, Look & Co. In 1876 Clarence Kenney bought out Mr. Derby's interest in the business and it was continued under the firm name of Look, Damon & Co. to Jan. I St, 1882.

Mr. Look takes a great interest in his adopted town. He is always ready and willing to do all that he can to promote her prosperity. In 1 880-1, he was elected to represent the seventeenth Worcester District in the General Court of Massachusetts. He has held various town offices ; three years on the Board of Selectmen, three years on the Board of Assessors, two years on the Board of Auditors, Collector of Ta.xes two years, now serving his second year as Chairman of the Board of the Overseers of the Poor, is a trustee to hold and disburse the income of funds left for the relief of the worthy poor of the town, was one of the original corporators, and is on the Board of Trustees and the President of the Leominster Savings Bank. He is a temperance Republican in politics, and Evangelical in his religious belief.

Fanny A., daughter of Dr. Washington Hamilton. In 1850 he married Emily, daughter of Col. Jabez Newhall, both of Conway. They have two children, Frank N. and Fanny H. The former was a graduate of Amehrst College, in the class of '']'], and is now treasurer and manager of the Tlorence Manufacturing company, Florence, Mass. The latter completed her studies atWellesley and Boston and is engaged in Kindergarten work at Florence, Mass.

Post Office

Thomas A. Hills is Postmaster, and his brother, C. W. Hills, Assistant Postmaster. We are unable to give the date of the establishment of the office, or the names of the first postmasters. For several years John Gardner held the position, and the Post Office was located in the first house west of the Dr. Pierce estate on West Street. Daniel Gates succeeded him for a short time, then John Kendall, locating the office in a building where Wood's Block now stands. It was here in 1833 that Charles H. Colburn entered upon his long term of service. The ofifice was, after a time, removed to the store of Henry Allen in the old Allen block. Here, for two years, Mr. Colburn was associated with Joel C. Allen in the dry goods business, the firm being Colburn & Allen. In 1837 Mr. Colburn removed the office to his house on Main St., where he also started in the dry goods business. After a few years he put in a stock of patent medicines in the place of dry goods and continued in that line of business up to Dec. 1887, when he disposed of his stock and discontinued the business. He resigned his position as postmaster in 1874, after a service of forty years and nine months.

F'rom the date of his birth, Jan. 23, 1808, Mr. Colburn has been a resident of this town, and intimately connected with its history. He is the last of a family of five sons and one daughter, children of I{!lisha and Deborah Colburn, who were all reared from childhood in the little old house on the corner of Central and Lancaster streets.

Thomas A. Hills, the present postmaster, is a son of the late Capt. Thomas and Nancy W. Hills, and was born in Leominster, Sept. 15, 1840. He received his education in the public schools of this town.

In the winter of 1857 he entered the employ of Abner Parker & Co., Cordaville, Mass., proprietors of a country store. Subsequently he was employed in the store of John G. Thurston & Co,, South Lancaster, Mass., and was residing there at the time of his enlistment into the service of the U. S., in the autumn of 1862. He joined Co. C, 53d Mass. Vols, from this town, commanded by Capt. Joel A. Stratton. The regiment formed a part of "Banks' Expedition," and was assigned to the 19th Army Corps, Dept. of the Gulf.

Soon after the muster out of his Regt , in the fall of 1863, he entered the employ of Allen & Kimball in this town, remaining with them until July, 1864, when he again enlisted, this time for a period of one hundred days, joining Co. E, of Marlborough, 5th Mass. Vols., in wliich he served as Sergt. until the muster out of the Regt. in November of the same year. For several years after he was connected with the State Militia, serving as Lieut, in Co. K, loth Regt. In January, 1865, he entered into partnership with Christopher Chase, under the firm name of Chase & Hills, conducting the dry goods and grocery business at the old "Gates" store on Central street. Subsequently he was in company with A. O. Wilder and later on, conducted the grocery business alone at the same place, remaining there till the summer of 1874.

July I, 1874 he assumed the position of postmaster, succeeding Charles H. Colburn, the retiring postmaster. He was first appointed by President U. S. Grant, and subsequently by Presidents Hayes, Arthur, and Cleveland.

He has been a member of Chas. H. Stevens Post 53 G. A. R. of this town since 1868, during which time he has filled various offices, and is now Commander of the Post.

Mr. Howe was engaged at that time in the tailoring business, in Baldwin's Block - now Fiske Block. He removed to the house now standing north of the depot, where, in 1858, he started in the store business. Here the office was located until 1861, at which time he removed his store and the Post Ofifice to their present location. On the site of the present store (Howe's Block) stood an old store building for a long time kept by John Stratton, and later by L. \V. Conant. Previous to 1861 the present building was owned and used by the town as a school house, but the Kendall Hall building having been provided, it was no longer needed for school purposes, and was purchased by Mr. Howe, who moved it to its present location, fitting up the lower story for business purposes, the old store being moved and utilized as a back store.

Real Estate And Insurance

These important interests are represented by J. M. Lockey & Co., Real PZstate Agents, the firm consisting- of J. M. Lockey and Hamilton Mayo. The agency of Lockey & Allison, Insurance, with J. M. Lockey of Leominster, and Henry Allison, of Fitchburg as partners, and the Insurance agency of Chauncy n'. Carter, Ivsq. Sketches of H. Mayo and Chauncy W. Carter are already given,

Mr. John M. Locke y is a native of Roxbury, Mass. He was educated in the schools of Leominster, together with two years at the Massachusetts Agricultural College. Entering the Lisurance business in October, 1872, he continued alone in that business until 1878, when he entered into partnership with Mr. Charles B Dennis, of Fitchburg, under the firm name of Lockey & Dennis. A year later Mr. Henry Allison of Fitchburg purchased the interest of Mr. Dennis, and the business has since continued as Lockey & Allison. Mr. Lockey is also a member of the firm of J. M. Lockey & Co., Real Estate and Mortgages, office at Leominster. In October, 1887, he was chosen Treasurer of the J. H. Lockey Piano Case Co. He has been director in the Leominster National Bank since its organization in 1884.

Dr. Charles A. Wheeler was born in Fitchburg Dec. 6, 1836, graduated from the Fitchburg High School in the class of '54; graduated from Worcester Eclectic Medical College in '57. He began the practice of medicine in West Boylston, Nov. '58. He enlisted in the 15th Mass. Regt., Nov. '61 ; was commissioned assistant surgeon in the 12th Mass. Regt. in Dec. '62 ; was mustered out with the regiment July 8th, '64 ; and came to Leominster, in August '64, where he still continues in practice.

Dr. Henrv R. Browx was born in Loudon, N. H., March iith, 1 841 ; attended the public schools until the age of fourteen, then entered Loudon Academy, where he studied to become a Civil Engineer. Disappointed in obtaining a satisfactory situation in that profession, he gave it up, and commenced the study of medicine in 1862, with Dr. W. S. Collins. In Sept. of that year, he enlisted in Co. G, 15th N. H. V. He served eleven months as orderly Sergeant, and on being dis- charged he resumed the study of medicine and graduated in March, 1867, at the N. Y. Homceopathic Medical College. The same month he commenced practicing in Waterbury, Conn., in partnership with Dr. E. C. Knight. He removed to Leominster in July, 1869, where, with the exception of two and a half years that he was away on account of ill health, he has been located ever since.

Dr. H. p. Hall, was born in Kennebunk, Maine, August 2d, 1853, and after studying in the college of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, graduated from Maine INIedical College in 1873, after which he studied in the hospitals of London and Paris, and then returned to Portland, Maine, where he practiced for awhile in the office of his preceptor, and finally settled in this town in 1876, where he has continued to practice until the present time.

Dr. C. E. Bkielow, was born in Danielsonville, Conn., Oct. iith, 1855. He was educated in the public schools of Danielsonville, Friends Boarding School and Mowrey & Goff's Private School in Providence, R. I., and graduated from Brown University, Providence R. I., in 1878, and from Jefferson, Medical College in 1882. He located in Leominster in 1882. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society.

Dr. PLdward J. Cutter, was graduated at Harvard College in 1877, and, four years later, at Harvard Medical School. He served, also, as House Pupil and House Surgeon in the Boston City Hospital, from July, 1880, until Jan. 1882, v/hen he was appointed Assistant Resident Physician at the State Almshouse at Tewksbury. He resigned this ])osition in Nov. 1882, to take the place of Assistant Superintendent and Resident Physician at the Boston City Hospital. This place he resigned in Nov. 1884, and came to Leominster, where he has since resided. He is now one of the Consulting Staff of the Baldwinville Cottage Plospital.

JDr. E. Roscoe Miller was born Sept. 26, 1859, graduated from Nichols Academy, Dudley, Mass., class of '82,, and from Boston University, School of Medicine in 1887. He settled in Leominster, June 8th, 1887.

Dr Frank Henry Mowe was born in Hill, X. H., April 7, 1864. He was educated at New Hampton Institute and Dart^ mouth Medical College, also at New York Post Graduate Medi^ cal College and Hospital. He settled in Leominster, May '88.

Willl\m E. White, son of L C. and Frances W. White, was born at Worcester, Mass., May 26, 1863. He attended the public schools of W^orcester, including the Worcester High School. He worked about a year as clerk in the office of E. W. Vaill, manufacturer of patent folding chairs, after which he studied for about one year at home, and took a course in bookkeeping at Hinman's Business College. In the fall of 1882 he determined to take up the study of the law. With this end in view a year was spent in special study under the direction of the late Hon. Geo. F. Verry, and Hon. E. H. Bennett of the Boston University Law School. In the fall of 1883 Mr. White continued his studies at the Boston L^niversity Law School and also in the School of Liberal Arts connected with the University, He was admitted to the W^orcester County bar April i, 1886, at the age of twenty- three years, entering immediately into practice in the city of Worcester, where he remained until Nov. I, 1887, when he removed to Leominster.

in Leominster for the past fifteen years. He is a native of Rowe, Mass., wliere he was born, May 31, 1848, received his education at the Shelburne Falls Academy and the Pennsylvania Dental College of Philadelphia. He began practice in Shelburne P^alls in 1859. In June, 1873, having disposed of his business, he came to Leominster and opened an office in Wood's block, at the end of about eleven months removing to his present office in I'oster's block, which was then just completed.

Dr. G. H. Woodbury is a native of Bolton, Mass., born in 1864, and educated at Waterville Academy, Maine., Leominster High School, and Boston Dental College. He succeeded the late Dr. L. N. Leslie, in Wood's block.

Dr. E. a. EIa'jon was born in P'itchburg, Mass., in 1838. He attended the public and High schools of that town, and in the year 1859 entered the office of Dr. T. Palmer of F'itchburg as a student in dentistry, remaing for five years. He began to practice in Lawrence, Mass., in 1865, but was ordered by his physician to California in 1867, on account of failing health. He practiced there for thirteen years, returning to Fitchburg in 1880. He located in Leominster in September 1886.