Revere City (part 5 of 6)

During the greater part of Mr. Blake's last two years of service in the Coast Survey, he was at his Weston home engaged in the reduction of his European field-work connected with the determination of the difi^erences of longitude between the astronomical observatories at Greenwich, Paris, Cambridge and Washington. In his leisure moments he had devoted himself to experimental physics, and in so doing had become an enthusiastic amateur mechanic; so that at the time of his resignation he found himself in possession of a well equipped mechanical laboratory and a self-acquired ability to perform a variety of me- chanical operations. Under these conditions, what had been a pastime natural!}' became a serious pursuit in life; and within barely a month of the date of his resignation Mr. Blake had begun a series of experiments which brought forth the Blake transmitter, as presented to the world through the Bell Telephone Compan}' in November, 18T8. Mr. Blake's invention was of peculiar value at the time, as the Bell Telephone Company was just beginning litigations with a rival company, which, besides being financially strong, had entered the business field with a transmitting telephone superior to the original form of the Bell instrument. The Blake transmitter was far superior to the infringing instrument, and enabled the Bell Telephone Company to hold its own in the sharp business competition which continued until, by a judicial decision, the company was assured a monopoly of the telephone business during the life of the Bell patents. There are to-day more than 350, 000 Blake transmitters in use in the United States, and probably a larger number in all foreign countries. Since its first invention Mr. Blake has kept up his interest in electrical research, and the records in the patent office show that twent)' patents have been granted to him during the last twelve years.

Mr. Blake's life in Weston began June 24, 1873, on which day he was married to Elizabeth L., daughter of Charles T. Hubbard. In the year of his marriage there was the beginning of " Keewaydin," the beautiful estate in the southeastern part of the town, which has since been his home and the birthplace of his two children - Agnes, born January 2, 187G; Benjamin Sewall, born February 14, 1877. Mr. Blake has been a director of the American Bell Telephone Compan}^ since 1878. He was elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1874; fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1881; member of the National Conference of Electricians, 1884; member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1889, and member of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1889, and member of the Boston .Society of Civil Engineers in 1890. He is a fellow of the American Geographical Society; member of the Bostonian Society ; member of the Boston Society of the Archa;- ological Institute of America, and has for many years been appointed by the Board of Overseers of Harvard College a chairman of the committee to visit the Jefferson Physical Laboratory. He is a member of the most prominent social clubs of Boston, and his active interest in photography has led to his election for many years as vice-president of the Boston Camera Club.

Frank Jones

Frank Jones, one of the prominent figures in the political and business affairs of New England, was born in Barrington, vStraft'ord county, N. H., September 15, 1S3'2. He was one of a famih^ of seven children, six boys and one girl, of Thomas and Mary Jones. His youth was passed on his father's farm, one of the best in New Hampshire, and in the local schools of his native town his education was received. At the age of seventeen he left the farm to begin his business career, at this time joining an elder brother in Portsmouth, where he had a store on Market street for stoves, hardware, tin and household furnishing goods. His position was that of salesman, and in those days it was the custom to sell goods from farm to farm, and in this young Jones became so successful that at the end of four j^ears he had gained sufficient money to buy an interest in his brother's business. Not long thereafter he purchased the entire business and continued to enlarge his trade, imtil 18()1, when he sold out to a younger brother, an emplo3-ee in the establishment. Prior to this, however, Mr. Jones had embarked in the brewing Inisincss, having, in 1858, purchased an interest in the Swindels Brewery, which had been established by John Swindels, an Englishman, in 1854. vShortly after acquiring an interest in this establishment, Mr. Jones became sole owner, and such has been his excellent management of this enterprise, that to-day it is one of the most extensive ale breweries in America. Its growth and development was rapid and permanent. A large malt-house was added in 186:5, a new brewery was built in 1871, and in 1879 a second and still larger malt-house was built, doubling the capacity of the plant. In 1S75 Mr. Jones still further added to his brewing interest by the purchase, with others, of the South Boston Brewery of Henry Souther & Co. It was operated as the Bay Street Brewery by the firm of Jones, Cook & Co., of which Mr. Jones was the head until 1880, when it was sold to the Frank Jones Brewing Company, limited. The success which had attended Mr. Jones in his business ventures naturally suggested his selection for political preferment, and in 18G8 he was chosen mayor of Portsmouth, and was re-elected the following year. In this position he applied the same principles which had contributed to his private business success; the expenses of the city were reduced and improvements of decided character and utility were prudently and economically carried on. His able management of city affairs to such a degree met the approval of the people, that in 1875 he received the Democratic nomination and was elected to Congress, and in 1877 was re-elected to a second term over the Hon. Oilman Marston, one of the ablest and most popular Republicans in the State. Against his emphatic protest he was made the Democratic candidate for governor in 1880, and although defeated, he received the largest vote which had ever been cast for a Democratic candidate. In the railroad development of New Hampshire, Mr. Jones has taken a very prominent part, having projected and built more miles of railroad in his native State than any other person. .Since its incorporation he has been president of the Dover and Portsmoutli Railroad ; is a director of the Wolfborough Railroad, of which he was one of the projectors; was for many years a director of the Eastern Railroad; has been a director of the Maine Central for twenty years, and has been president of the great Boston and Maine system. The Upper Coos Railroad, over one hundred miles in length (including the Hereford), connecting north with the Quebec Central, making a through line from Boston to Quebec via the Boston and Maine and Maine Central railroads, through the White Mountain Notch, was built by him and his associates in less than one year after the grant of legislative authority Mr. Jones is also the owner of two great hotels, the Rockingham in Portsmouth, and the Wentworth in Newcastle. The former is a structure of his own design, a monument to his taste and enterprise, as its beauty and elegance is the pride of the city. The Wentworth was also planned by him and equipped under his direction.

The enterprise shown Ijy Mr. Jones in his boyhood, says one writer, leaving the farming town of his birth, entering the seaport city as a stranger, his indomitable will and courage, quickness of perception and rare judgment, have not only made him master of the situation, but enabled him to succeed in a career admired by his acquaintances, and of which he may well be proud. Noted for his liberality, he has never sought to cover up the adversities of childhood, and many a poor fellow has received from his hand material aid and kind assistance.

In his country place he has over one thousand acres of tillage land under a high state of citltivation, stocked with the finest cattle and horses. Maplewood Farm, as it is called, situated abotit one mile from Portsmouth, on Maplewood avenue, is probably the more productive in its yield than any other in the State. Here Mr. Jones spends most of his time during the summer months, while the Rockingham Hotel is his winter home. The present wise statutory provision, known as the

" valued " policy law, affecting- insurance business in New Hampshire, is largely the result of his persistent efforts. With him it originated, and through his well directed endeavors was passed to enactment. At the time of the passage of this law, fifty-eight foreign insurance companies were doing business in the State, Upon the departure of these companies he was among the foremost to organize reliable companies to take the place and business of the old ones that canceled their policies when the law passed. The Granite State Fire Insurance Company, of which he is president, is doing business in nearly every vState in the Union, and during 1801 was the third in the list in the volume of New England business, competing with one hundred and forty agency companies occupying this field. Mr. Jones was married September 15, 1801, to Martha Sophia Jones, the widow of his brother, Hiram Jones, who died in Juh% 1859, leaving one child, Emma I., now the wife of Colonel Charles A. Sinclair. Mrs. Jones is noted for her benevolence and hospitality.

Charles A. Sinclair

Conspicuous in the field of railroad enterprises in New England has been the career of Hon. Charles A. Sinclair. He is a native of New Hampshire, and for tnany years has been a prominent factor in the politics of that State. In 18T3 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives of New Hampshire, and twelve years later was elected to the State Senate, receiving the compliment of a re-election in 1888 and again in 1890, and is still serving as a member of that body. He was made colonel by Governor Weston, and served on his staff in 1871 and 1872.

Mr. Sinclair entered the railroad field in 1881. His first experience was with the Worcester, Nashua and Rochester Railroads, and early in 1884 it was found that he had secured control of that property. He was elected director of that corporation the same year and was subsequently chosen president. On October i:}, 1885, the road was leased to the Boston and Maine Railroad. He has always believed in and advocated the idea of a grand consolidation of the railroad properties of New England that have since been so successfully brought together by leases and consolidations.

Early in iSSd lie began purchasing the stock of the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad; secured control, and was elected president at the annual meeting- in December. On June 1, 1887, the road was leased to the Boston and Maine Railroad, Mr. Sinclair retaining the presidency, and now holds that office. In 1884 the Eastern Railroad was leased to the Boston and Maine, and repeated and persistent efforts were made to effect a consolidation of these properties. There was more or less friction between the two boards of directors, the matter of improvements and improvement bonds being a constant source of differences of opinion. In consequence, no progress in this direction was made until early in 1889, when Mr. Sinclair, who had been cjuietly buying the stock, succeeded in purchasing in open market, with others, a control of the stock of the Eastern Railroad, and at the annual meeting of the company in December of that year he was chosen a director. On May !), 1890, the Eastern consolidated with the Boston and Maine.

Between 1887 and 1888 Mr. Sinclair, in company with others, built the Upper Coos and Hereford Railroads, and later was chosen a director of these roads. On May 1, 1890, both roads were leased to the Maine Central Railroad, a majority of which stock is owned by the Boston and Maine.

On December 11, 1890, Mr. Sinclair was chosen a director of the Boston and Maine Railroad; a week later was elected to the directory of the Maine Central Railroad. After a year's absence Mr. Sinclair again returned to the directory of the Boston and Maine in December, 1892, where his great energy and untiring zeal will be positive factors in its management.

Mr. Sinclair is a well known figure upon " the street," where his keen business knowledge, methodical methods and indefatigable energy have been long recognized and earned for him a position such as inspires trust and confidence. Besides his railroad interests he is interested in many enterprises. He is proprietor of the Quincy House and the Moulton Cafe in Boston; owns the Portsinoutli Times, the leading newspaper of New Hampshire; is largest owner of the Morley Button Machine factory; also largest owner of the Portsmouth vShoe Company, which employs over 1,300 hands; is a director in the Frank Jones Brewing- Company, limited, and a director in the Massachusetts National Bank.

Arthur Rotch

Arthur Rotch, son of Benjamin S. Rotch and Annie Bigelow Lawrence, daughter of Hon. Abbott Lawrence, was born in Boston, May 13, 1850. He was fitted in Boston for Harvard University, which he entered in 1807 and was graduated in the class of 1871. He then studied architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and after a year of office work entered the Ecole des Beaux Arts of Paris. He was one of the first Americans at that celebrated school to make a bold bid for honors, and carried off more than any of his contemporaries. During the six years of his foreign studies he traveled widely, especially studying decorations. While studying the Arabian mosques in Egypt, he collaborated with Monsieur Arthur Rhone, the well known French writer, on his work on Egypt.

On his return to this country, Mr. Rotch began practicing architecture with George T. Tilden, as the firm of Rotch & Tilden. The value of foreign study to young architects and the dreariness of a draughtnian's career were deeply impressed on Mr. Rotch 's mind during his experience abroad. These impressions found a ready response in the desire of his father to found some public charity, but the latter's sudden death left the matter unsettled. It became the filial duty of the children to found such a traveling scholarship as had been contemplated. With his brother and three sisters, in 1883 he founded the Rotch Traveling Scholarship, whose provisions annually send a student of architecture to Europe, there to study and travel for two years. Naturally Mr. Rotch has been the active trustee of this prize, and on him has devolved the framing and execution of the rules under which the student is selected. But this is not the only proof Mr. Rotch has given of his appreciation of his foreign studies. Filled with gratitude for the opportunities which the French government gives gratuitously to strangers, Mr. Rotch was one of the first to promote the foundation by American ex-students of the Ecole des Beaux Arts of a Prize of Gratitude, which annually gives a traveling purse to a French student. The firm of Rotch & Tilden has constructed many public and private buildings in Boston and throughout the country. Among them are the Art Museum and Art School of Wellesley College, gymnasium at Bowdoin, gymnasium, dormitory and library at Exeter, public libraries at Bridgewater, Eastport and Groton, churches of the Messiah and of the Holy Spirit, Boston, while their town halls, high schools and commer- cial buildings are scattered through many States. This firm was the first to revive the Colonial style for modern buildings, a style which so fully answers the requirements of modern life that it was immediately introduced throughout the length and breadth of the land. Mr. Rotch was the first to advocate the use of rough cast, which has since come into use and which led to the adoption of staff as the material of the Chicago Fair buildings.

Mr. Rotch was supervising architect of the Suffolk County Cmirt House, and the conception of the grand central hall was entirely due to him. He is chairman of the Department of Architecture and one of the corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a trustee of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts and of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. He is a member of the Somerset, St. Botolph, Tavern and Art Clubs of Boston, and of clubs in several other cities. He was married in 1892 to Lisette De Wolf Colt.

As a painter in water colors Mr. Rotch is well known, having exhibited for a number of years in the Paris Salon, the Academy in London, as well as annually in the chief exhibitions in New York, Philadelphia and Boston, and was well represented in the Art Department at the World's Fair, Chicago. He is of a literary as well as artistic turn of mind. During his studies abroad he was a regular correspondent of the American Architect and an occasional correspondent of several daily papers, notably the Loudon Daily Nczcs, for which he wrote up the situation in Turkey and Bulgaria after the Russian invasion. His professional work leaves him scant leisure, but he contributes still occasionally criticisms and reviews of current art matters. For two years after he settled in Boston he delivered lectures on Decorative Art at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Frederick H. Prince

Frederick. Henry Prince is of an illustrious family, which as long ago as 1584 was prominent in England, living at that time in Shrewsbury, upon their estate known as "Abbey Foregate, " John Prince being then rector of East Sheffield, In 1G33 his son. Elder John Prince, came to this country and settled in Hull, Mass. His grandson, Thomas Piince, graduated from Harvard College in ITOT, and in 1717

Was ordained co-pastor with Dr. Sewell of the Old South Church in Boston. Mr. Prince's great-grandfather, James Prince, well known in his day and generation as a prominent merchant, was appointed by President Jefferson as naval officer of the Port of Boston, and afterwards as United States marshal for the District of Massachusetts. Mr. Prince is the son of Frederick Octavius and Helen (Henry) Prince, and was born in Winchester, Mass., November 30, 1860. His father is a distinguished ex-mayor of Boston, and for many years was secretary of the National Democratic Committee. Mr. Prince received his early education in public schools, and entered Harvard College in 1878, but left in 1880 to go into business. In 1885 he established the banking house of F. H. Prince & Co., and its career has been one of uninternipted prosperity. Mr. Prince has been interested in some of the heaviest financial undertakings in this country, among them the purchase from the Thayers, Vanderbilts and others, of the Union Stock Yard and Transit Company of Chicago, which he sold to a London syndicate for $23,000,000; the company is now known as the Chicago junction Railways and Union Stock Yards Company. Mr. Prince is a director of the Chicago Junction Railways and Union vStock Yards Company, and interested in the direction and management of several corporations and railroads. He is a member of all the leading clubs in Boston and New York. In 188-1 he married Abby Kinsley Norman, a daughter of George H. Norman, of Newport, R. I., and has two children, Frederick and Norman.

Col. Austin Clarke Wellington

CoL. Austin Cl.'\rke Wellington was born in the historic town of Lexington, Middlesex county, Mass., July 17, 1840. His military instinct and love of martial characteristics were a family inheritance. He was a direct descendant of the men who on Lexington Common offered their lives to found this nation, and he proved worthy of his heroic ancestry. His great-grandfather, Capt. Timothy Wellington, with his brother Benjamin, participated in the battle of Lexington, Benjamin being the first prisoner of the Revolution captured by the king's troops on that eventful morning, but he escaped, and later rejoined his company.

The parents of our subject were Jonas Clarke and Harriet Eliza (Bosworth) Wellington. His father was born in Lexington, November 30, 1815, where he served as assessor from 1852-54, and town treasurer in 1855. In 185G he removed to Cambridge, where for many years he was engaged in the coal business. He was an ardent supporter of the Union during the war of the Rebellion, and rendered valuable .service to the soldiers. He frequently visited the battlefields, and by his kindness, encouraging words and attention to the wants of the " boys " at the front won their love and respect. After the war he ever took a deep interest in the Grand Army of the Republic. The J. C. Wellington Sons of Veterans, Camp 14, in Cambridge, was named in his honor, and received from him its colors. He was for several years president of the Massachusetts Convention of Universalists, and was a generous donor to religious and philanthropic objects. He served as a member of the Board of Aldermen of Cambridge ; was also a member of the Board of Overseers of the Poor, and treasurer of Dean Academy. He died April 27, 1889.

Our subject was educated in the public schools of Lexington. He came with his parents to Cambridge in 1856, when he entered the employ of vS. G. Bowdlear & Co., flour merchants of Boston, as bookkeeper, remaining with them until his enlistment in the Union army. During the three years that followed, Mr. Bowdlear, the senior member of the firm, kept up a correspondence with him, one of his letters attesting to his faithfulness and their affection for him, as follows : "We have only pleasant memories of our model clerk."

With the blood of ancestors who were ready to sacrifice their all for their country's welfare, flowing in his veins, he could not be an inactive factor when the great struggle began between the States. He was then in the full strength of robust manhood, and he cheerfully and readily offered his services in behalf of the Union cause. In August, 1863, he enlisted in Company F, Thirty-eighth Massachusetts Regiment, and was offered a commission, but he 'refused, preferring to win by actual service whatever promotion he might merit. His regiment left Boston August 26, 1862, and for two months was encamped in the vicinity of Baltimore. It was then transferred to New Orleans, and took part in the Red River expedition and the campaign in the western part of Louisiana. In July, 1864, it was transferred from the Gulf to Washington, and formed a part of Sheridan's army during the closing period of the war, at which time Lieutenant Wellington, who had been pro- moted through all the grades, was acting as adjutant of the regiment. He participated in the battles of Bisland, sieges of Port Hudson, Cane River Ford, Mansura in Louisana, and Opequam, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek in Virginia. He was mustered out June 30, 18G5. His regiment during its nearly three years' service suffered great depletion from killed and wounded. As a soldier Lieutenant Wellington was respected and beloved by his comrades in the field. Of this period of his career an ex-mayor of Cambridge writes: "He was a noble young man ; a splendid type of manhood ; one of those who went to the war because they felt as if their country needed their services, and were ready to scrifice their lives if need be in her defense." His tent-mate testifies that " he performed thoroughly his duty under any and all cirstances. A soldier without fear or reproach, always to be relied upon in the march, bivouac or battle, his record is without stain, an honor to himself, to his State and the country he served so well. His patriotism, fidelity, intelligence and courage were conspicuous, winning for him words of commendation from commanders high in rank, whose achievements cover many of the brightest pages in the history of our country."

Upon his return to private life Colonel Wellington engaged in the coal business, which he developed to large proportions, becoming widely and favorably known as manager and treasurer of the Austin C. Wellington Coal Company, one of the largest concerns in this line in New England, and which at the time of Colonel Wellington's death controlled wharves in Boston, South Boston, Cambridge and Brighton. He developed remarkable business ability, and attained enviable success in any enterprise in which he embarked. His sterling integrity, enterprise and untiring industry united to a magnetism and graciousness of manner peculiarly his own, made him a valued factor in any project with which he was associated. He had that dauntless courage which never seems to consider defeat, and this spirit was evinced in all of his undertakings, enthusing his business associates, and in no limited measure accounting for his marked success in the business world. His interest in his employees, his kindness manifested in all his relations to them begot in return feelings of the tenderest regard and affection.

June 30, 18G'.i, he was married to Caroline Louisa Fisher, daughter of George and Hannah C. (Teele) Fisher. She was a woman of marked literary attainments, and of refined, cultivated nature. She was the author of a book of poems entitled : ' ' Leaflets Along the Pathway of

Life," while her prose contributions were numerous and varied. Her death occurred November 23, 1870. Eight years later, November 29, 1887, Colonel Wellington married a sister of his deceased wife, vSarah Cordelia Fisher, well 'known in Boston musical circles as a soprano singer of decided merit. Her interest in philanthropic and literary associations has been marked, presiding over the Ladies' Aid As.sociation Auxiliary to the Soldier's Home in Chelsea, director of the Cambridge Conservatory of Music, and also taking a prominent part in other organizations. Her father was one of the earliest members of the Handel and Haydn Society, and is well known as a musical enthusiast. He was editor and publisher of the Cambridge Chronicle fifteen years. He is especially remembered as one who substantially aided and encouraged his friend, Elias Howe, the sewing machine inventor, when the project seemed likely to fail for lack of funds. For two years he repre- .serited Cambridge in the House of Representatives of Massachusetts.

r)ne of the most distinguishing featvires of Colonel Wellington's career was his brilliant record in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. Ma)* 2, 1870, he entered the service as captain of the Boston Light Infantrj-, otherwise known as the famous "Tigers," being Company A of the Seventh Regiment. While captain of this company his command rendered efficient service at the great Boston fire in 1872. In 1873 he was elected major of the Fourth Battalion, which under his leadership became widely known as the crack organization of the vState, and at the general inspection of the military forces of Massachusetts in 1878 ranked the highest for general military excellence. February 2-t, 1882, he was elected colonel of the First Regiment, and the record of this regiment from the time Colonel Wellington assumed command until his untimely death, was brilliant and unparalleled, and what it accomplished at home and abroad was due almost wholly to the untiring zeal of its gallant commander, who instilled into the regiment an esprit de corps, which had not before existed. Notably on two occasions, at the funeral of General Grant in New York in 1885 and at the Constitutional celebration in Philadelphia in 1887, it did great credit to the State, and reflected honor upon its talented and idolized colonel.

From the beginning of the Grand Army of the Republic, Colonel Wellington took an active part in its affairs. \\\ 1807 he became a comrade in Post 15; in 1874 was chosen commander of Post 30, of which he was one of the charter members, and also served as commander of Post 113 in 1887-1888, till his death. He also served as inspector-gen- eral of the Grand Army for the Department of Massachusetts. He was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery, one of the Military Examining- Board, of the Sheridan Veterans, one of the trustees of the Soldiers' Home, Chelsea, chairman of the Boston Coal Exchange, president of the Charles River Towing Company, in 1871 a director in the Boston Mercantile Library Association, and later its president, vicepresident of the Central Club and chairman of the House Committee, a member of the New England Club, the Executive Business Association and the Art Club; secretary of the Irving Literarj' Association in 1801, a member of the Cambridge Shakespeare Club, the Handel and Haydn Society and the Ceclia Club, the last two being musical organizations of Boston. He was especially fond of music, and possessed a fine sympathetic baritone voice. He had cultivated literary tastes ; was fond of reading, and excelled in declamation.

During 1875 and 1876 Colonel Wellington was a member of the House of Representatives, serving on the Committee of Military Affairs, where he accomplished nruch in procuring needed legislation affecting the State militia. Everything pertaining to military matters indeed strongly appealed to him and enlisted his active support. He frequently acted as judge of the military prize drills of the Btiston public schools. He acted as chief marshal of the Republican torchlight demonstration in 188Jr in Boston, and of the Thackeray Carnival and IMusic of the Centuries in 188C.

One of the greatest achievements of Colonel Wellington was the brilliant management of the Soldiers' Home Carnival in Boston in 1885, a work of great magnitude, requiring tireless attention and great executive ability. It was in every sense a labor of love, and he unreservedly devoted himself to the task. The enthusiastic manner in which he took hold of the project, the confidence his words and actions inspired, and the consummate skill with which he managed every detail, won universal admiration. It was his best work in behalf of the old soldiers, whom he loved, and it was a proud moment for him when as chief marshal of the carnival he drew his check for $64,000, the sum netted for the Home after paying all expenses, during the ten days of the carnival. This undertaking, largely a personal one, was indicative of the man. In it, as in every good and charitable work in Boston and elsewhere, he was a foremost figure, cheerfully giving of both his time and means to their promotion. Whatever he undertook was always well done. He had a dauntless, intrepid spirit, a gentle heart, which made him unmindful of self and considerate of others. His death occurred at Cambridge, September 23, 1888, of paralysis, after a brief illness. His life ended at the flood tide of his success, and when he was apparently only in the meridian of his powers and usefulness. The death of few have evoked more sincere sorrow. He possessed a social, companionable nature, which drew around him a charming circle of friends, whose loyal, tender regard he as warrhly reciprocated. His funeral was one of the largest ever extended a private citizen in New England, representatives of the State, militia, G. A. R. posts, busine,ss and social circles being represented, the long funeral procession being escorted to Mount Auburn Cemetery by his loved First Regiment, which superb org'anization was his noblest monument as a citizen soldier.

Calvin Allen Richards

Calvin Allen Richards was bom born in Dorchester, Mass., March 4, 1838. His boyhood was pas.sed in and around Boston, and he received his education in the public schools, although he left school at an early age to assist his father, Isaiah D. Richards, in his business. He soon exhibited the wonderful executive ability which was so powerfully felt in his after life ; and his father early learned to lean upon him for assistance and counsel. He denied himself many of the pleasures of young men to devote his thoughts and attention to his business, and to the care of his mother, who was delicate during the closing years of her life, and to whom he was most tenderly attached.

On February 17, 1853, he married Ann R. Babcock, daughter of Dexter Babcock, of the wholesale grocery firm of Babcock & Coolidge, who is now living an honored retired merchant in his ninety-sixth year. Two children were born of this union - a son who was instantly killed by lightning in 18(;3, and a daughter who survives her father.

Mr. Richards remained in business with his father and three brothers until 1861, when he opened a large establishment on Washington street, and it was while he was in this location, and during the years of the civil war, that he amassed the bulk of his fortune. He was in the Common Council of Boston in 1858-59 and '61, and in 1862 he was an alderman. This parliamentar}- experience he valued, and he was eagerly sought for by all dining clubs, having always the power to

In 1874 he was induced to relinquish business cares somewhat, and became a prominent director in the Metropolitan Street Railroad. In this position he soon made his rare executive power felt, and he was asked to become its president, which he did, and found his office no easy one. The railroad was on the verge of bankruptcy, and the former managers had permitted a powerful rival corporation to spring into existence. Mr. Richards desired to restore his railroad to its former position, and how well he succeeded is known to all street railway men in the United States. It was a grand achievement, and considered wonderfully so by all, as, when he entered this business, he knew nothing of street railways, always having been a merchant. Under his able management the Metropolitan Railroad became one of the largest and best conducted in the cotmtry, rich and strong, and the methods of its president were copied by many other corporations at home and abroad.

In all important debates, either in the Legislature or city government, he always argued his cases alone and unaided; and with his strong personal magnetism, shrewd common sense, and thorough knowledge of the details of his railroad, in statistics, etc., he almost always succeeded in carrying conviction to the minds of those who, at the outset, were most bitterly and strenuously opposed to him. Those most prominent in the legal profession, who were representing street railways in public hearings, always found Mr. Richards a powerful antagonist, and felt sometimes he had mistaken his vocation in life, often telling him his strong points in arguments were worthy one of their own brotherhood.

His stewardship in this large corporation was most faithfully and conscientiously fulfilled, each important movement receiving his personal supervision. He labored most zealously for the interest of the stockholders, feeling his position to be a sacred trust, while at the same time he tried to satisfy that most exacting body - the public.

^Ir. Richards had also a most wonderful hold upon the hearts of all the men in the employ of the great railroad, and although a firm and strict master in all points of duty on the part of any man in serving the public in a respectful and courteous manner, no one of the employees could ever come to him with any unjust claim made against him, without having justice and reparation demanded from the person who appeared before the president with his complaint. No one of the men could have illness or death come to him or his dear ones without a personal call from Mr. Richards, or a speedy messenger sent with pecuniary aid, or flowers and delicacies for their sick. In all the labor disturbances which occur in large corporations employing so many men, it was his habit to appear personally before their different organizations, and before leaving they were satisfied and happy, cheers taking the place of any ill feeling of unrest or uprising in opposition to established rules. The warm love of the men for their president was most touchingl}^ displayed by heartfelt expressions of sympathj' tendered to his family after his death. They all felt they had lost a personal friend and adviser, to whom they could ever come for comfort or counsel.

In 1885 Mr. Richards became the president of the American Street Railway Association, composed of the execiitive forces of almost all the street railroads in the United States and Canada, and until he severed his connection with railroad life he always greatly enjoyed attending the annual conventions of this organization, held each year in the different cities. At these conventions he made himself a power by his wonderful foresight and wisdom, and was almost the first man to predict the electric power for street cars, which he did in a most thrilling speech at the convention banquet, held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York city, October, 188-t, and those who were present will not soon forget it. He was greatly beloved by his associates in this organization, and always received an earnest and heartfelt invitation to attend the conventions long after he turned aside from railroad life.

After the consolidation of all the street railways of Boston, the Metropolitan, with the others, being absoi-bed in the West End, a complimentary banquet was given to Mr. Richards by the directors of the Metropolitan Company, and with earnest expression of affection and regret in severing their connection with their president, the}' presented him with a massive bronze, on which was a silver plate inscribed :

By The

After the consolidation, Mr. Richards became associated with the new organization as general manager under President Whitney, but after a few weeks in that position he resigned.

For a short time thereafter he was connected with the Boston Heating Company, but soon retired to private life, and purchased and entirely remodeled the large office building, 114 State street, which bears his name. In this building he had a finely appointed office, where his business friends enjoyed meeting him, and where he managed his own personal business matters.

Mr. Richards died on February 15, 1802, after an illness of nearly two years' duration. His funeral was attended by an unusually large number of prominent business and professional men, and the floral tributes were very numerous and elegant.

His life needs no eulogy from those who knew him - a strong, firm, conscientious business man, who achieved a wonderful success, leaving an ample fortune. He was a kind and sympathetic neighbor, who could never listen to a tale of distress or sorrow without tears in his eyes and ready pecuniarv aid; while hi.s tender, loving home life, those only can appreciate who knew him there. He always extended a warm and genial welcome to all his guests, and his cordial manner and hearty grasp of the hand were ever extended to all those friends who crossed the threshold of his happy home, where he loved to linger, always preferring life by his own hearthstone to that enjoyed by so many men in a life in the world and at their clubs. As a husband and father, his relations were inexpressibly beautiful, and his death has left a terrible void in the home where he lived so happily, amid every luxury and comfort.

H. A. Blood

Hiram Albro Blood, was born in Townsend, Mass., February 3, 18;]3, and is a son of Ezra and Lydia Ann (Jefts) Blood. He received an academical education in the town of his birth, and lived there until the age of eighteen, at which age he went to Worcester in search of employment. Two years later he entered the employ of the commission house of Bliss, vSutton & Co. , of that city, as clerk, and became a member of the firm in 185-1. at which time he opened a branch house at

Fitchburg, where he has since continued to reside. In 1857 he dissolved his connection with Bliss, vSutton & Co., and entered into a copartnership with William O. Brown, of Fitchburg, under the name of Blood & Brown, which existed until 18G0, when Mr, Brown withdrew to enter the United States army, becoming a major of the Twenty-fifth Regiment, and a new firm was formed under the name of H. A. Blood & Co. , which continued to carry on the business.

In 1806 Mr. Blood withdrew from all mercantile pursuits and became entirely interested in railroads, to the construction and operation of which he has since given his time and attention. He first became connected with the Fitchburg and Worcester Railroad as a director, and as a superintendent and general manager. He afterwards built, or was largely instrumental in building, the Boston, Clinton and Fitchburg, the Framingham and Lowell, the Mansfield and Framingham, and the Fall River Railroads, of which he successively became superintendent and general manager, and afterwards united and consolidated them, together with the New Bedford and Taunton and the Taunton Branch Railroads, into one system, under the name of the Boston, Clinton, Fitchburg and New Bedford Railroad Company, reaching from Fitchburg and Lowell in the north to Mansfield, Taunton, New Bedford and Fall River in the southern part of the State. This system of railroads was for a time operated by Mr. Blood as general manager, and was afterwards united and consolidated with the Old Colony Railroad Company, of which it now forms an important part. In the construction of these railroads, and in their subsequent operation and consolidation, Mr. Blood was the moving and directing spirit.

In 1875 Mr. Blood procured the charter for the Wachusett National Bank of Fitchburg, obtaining all the subscriptions to its capital stock, established the bank, and became its first vice-president.

He was the third mayor of Fitchburg, and was first elected by the Board of Aldermen and Common Council, November 2, 1875, to fill out the unexpired term of Hon. Eugene T. Miles, and at the subsequent annual election in December he was elected by the people, and was inaugurated in January, 1870, and discharged the duties of mayor for one year and two months.

Mr. Blood is now chiefly interested in railroads in the State of Ohio, being the president of the Cleveland, Canton and Southern Railroad Company in that State, which position he has held .since May, 1884. While still retaining his residence in Fitchburg, most of his business affairs are transacted in Boston, which for several years has been his business headquarters. B}' sheer native force of character, great business generalship, and remarkable executive ability, Mr. Blood has gained a place in the fore rank of the railroad men of the country.

David Thayer, M.D.

D.wiD Thayer, A.M., M.D., Boston, son of Deacon Nathaniel Emmons Thayer, was born in Braintree, Mass., July 19, 1813, and is a direct descendant of John Alden and Priscilla of the Mayflower company who landed on Plymouth Rock in December, 1620. He was educated in the common schools of his native town, in the Weymouth and Braintree Academy, in Phillips Academy at Andover, in the Appleton Academy at New Ipswich, N. H., and at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. His medical education was acquired chiefly in Boston, in the Medical Department of Harvard College and in the Massachusetts General Hospital. At this time it was not his intention to become a physician, but he began the study of medicine with Prof. B. F. Joslin, M.D. , LL. D., in 1836, while an undergraduate at Union College, with the intention of preparing himself for a life of travel and exploration. He went to the Medical College at Pittsfield, Mass., where he took his degree preparatory to his departure for Rio Janeiro, but the death of his father, and the earnest desire of his mother, caused him to abandon for the present the long cherished plan of becoming a traveler, and he took an office in Boston, where he has remained till the present - through a period of fifty }'ears in the practice of medicine.

For a year previous to his leaving Braintree he sat imder the preaching of Rev. Edwards A. Park, whose ministry was the beginning of a new chapter in the lives of many of the young people as well as of those of middle age. Prof. Park was a brilliant scholar, an eloquent speaker and a model minister. His services were less perfunctory than those of other ministers had been, and he seemed to love his vocation and to seek the good of his people. He impressed the more intelligent with the sincerity of his heart, and he taught them the Better Way. Many became more serious minded, and the subject of the future life was a more common topic of conversation among all classes. He held private meetings for conversation on the great and important subject of the soul and of the future life. Extraordinary methods were sometimes resorted to in those times for the purpose of bringing the people's attention to the subject and to keep it there. Protracted meetings were held in the churches, which were continued sometimes through the week, and the people of other parishes and other towns often swelled the gatherings to large congregations. The best speaking talent among the clergymen was often engaged. At inquiry meetings, so called, the state of the heart was often brought to a crucial test. Such questions as these were propounded: Are yoi: willing to give your heart to God? Are you willing to be cast out from his presence forever and to be damned, if it were necessary, to add to the glory of his kingdom? After an hour of solitary and silent thought, some could answer in the afifii'mative. This willingness to serve God was deemed conversion. Many joined the church. Such preaching was beneficent in its results generally. The mental and moral conditions thus attained unto made the recipients happier and their lives better. Dr, Thayer remembers to this day the mental contiict of that solitar}' hour, and he thinks that its influence has followed him along the years of his life, and that now when he is an old man it abides with him still.

While he was in Phillips Academy the Hon. Geo. Thompson, M.P. , of England, came to Andover and lectured against slavery, in the Methodist church. vStudents of the Theological Seminary and of Phillips Academy heard him. His eloquence of speech was a divine gift. Says one who heard him : ' ' No orator is comparable to him ; I have known him to hold an audience in breathless silence for two hours and a half." .Sir Robert Peel said of him: " He is the most eloquent man in or out of Parliament." He described the condition of the African slave in America, and showed what was the duty of the church in regard to it. Strange to say, the professors of the Divinity School in Andover were opposed to him and Garrison and to antislavery. Garrison had been lecturing and writing against slavery for years. He had been imprisoned in Baltimore on account of his antislavery.

In 1835, the year in which Garrison was mobbed, there was not a doctor of divinity in this broad land that was in favor of Garrison and Thompson. The ministers generally were opposed to the anti-slavery movement. It was found to be true that the church was indeed the bulwark of slavery and all were opposed to anti-slavery. Students of Phillips Academy who heard Thompson thouj^ht they saw clearly what was their duty. They proposed to organize an anti-slavery society in the academy. That wa.s forbidden by the faculty. They discussed the question of slavery in the Philomathian Society in the academy, but that, too, was forbidden. They then sought to join the anti-slavery society already existing in the town of Andover - that also was not allowed. As they felt aggrieved, they called a meeting in the academy to discuss their grievances - this, too, was forbidden, and they met in the woods at a place called Indian Ridge, where they discussed, the matter and appointed committees. They got up a remonstrance, had it printed, and as all they said and did had no effect on the faculty, except to make them the more determined to crush out the anti-slavery sentiment among the students and to convince the slave-masters of our subserviency to the peculiar institutions of the South, the students of Phillips Academy resolved to ask for their credentials and turn their backs on Andover. One of their number, Sherlock Bristol, was ignominiously expelled without any charges brought against him. This did not intimidate them nor persuade them to submit to the powers that be.

About sixty of the students were accustomed to meet together and were heartily united in regard to their duty towards the slave. After some delay their request was granted and they received their credentials, and about fifty of them left in a body; a few of the sixty were induced to remain. So strong was the faculty in their opposition to anti-slavery that one Sunday afternoon at five o'clock prayer meeting, old Professor Stuart spoke of George Thompson, who was to lecture that Sunday night, and said, " Yonng gentlemen, I warn you on the peril of your souls' salvation not to go to that meeting to-night. " And in his address to the retiring class of young clergymen going forth to preach the Gospel to all the world, said, " Young gentlemen, regarding the matter of slavery, I advise you to let it alone. It is a political question, and we do not wish to caiTy politics into the pulpit. If you wish to pray about it, pray about it in secret ; but don't preach about it." In the words of Dr. Thayer, "If this is not disloyalty to the teachings of the Master, then it must be admitted that ' without controversy, great is the mystery of Godliness.

Hon. George Thompson was advertised to lecture in the Methodist church I tliink no other churcli could be secured for him. A mob had just driven him from Boston, and wherever he went the hand of violence was raised against him. It was hoped he could be quietly heard in Andover. Was it not the school of the prophets and noted for its morality and for its religious spirit? So Thompson came, but, as with Paul, bonds and affliction awaited him there. A railroad was being built through the place. The contractor was a rough, pro-slavery character, and not a few roughs were in his employ. It was boldly given out that a mob would break up the meeting, and probably tar and feather Mr. Tliompson. The anti-slavery students got wind of it, and armed with heavy hickory clubs, which they used as staves, they were at the chapel as soon as the doors were opened, and took possession of a couple of tiers of front seats, which formed nearly a semicircle around the pulpit. As the house filled up, the ushers besought us to vacate them and give place to the ladies, but we knew our business and not one of us could be ousted. There were about fifty of us, nearly all over twenty, the most of us farmers' s sons, and with our long staves or clubs standing erect by our sides, I imagine the mobocratic portion of the audience studied us rather carefully. The speech was surpassingly eloquent. I remember some of its passages, one of them, his apostrophe to America, was very striking ; it began with "America, America, thou art the anointed cherub, God's darling child; apart from the nations God hath set thee." etc. It fairly raised the audience to its feet. The lecture was two hours long. When it closed in an instant every light was blown out, and the mob rushed for the pulpit. But those fifty students closed around Thompson and Wilson, the Methodist minister, in a phalanx so compact and with clubs brandished so threateningly that the mob kept at a respectful distance and finally dispersed. We saw Thoinpson and Wilson safe at home. After consultation it was agreed that six should stay down town (South Parish) and patrol the streets till morning. One should take his station half way up the hill toward the Seminary, another should take his stand at the corner leading to the dormitories of the classical school, the rest should retire to their rooms and sleep with their clothes on, ready for emergencies. I was one of the six who stayed down town. I and my companion went into a vacant lot and concealed ourselves. After an hour or so a signal whistle was blown in a distant part of the town. It was answered by another, and then by a third close by us. We went for him with all speed, but he ran like a deer and we lost him. We sounded tlie alarm. It was taken up by the man half way up the hill; he sent it to the man at the corner, and he aroused the dormitories. Our squad of six guards rushed for Wilson's house and held at bay the gathering mob. Scarcely had we got there before we heard the tramp, tramp, tramp of a hundred students dashing down Andover hill at a two-forty pace. And it sounded out in the still hour of the night like the coming of a regiment of cavalry. The mob, most of whom were Irish, listened a moment, then broke and fled in every direction. Thus was Andover saved from a crime against one of the noblest of men, which long years of penance could scarce have washed away.

"Up to this time," says Dr. Thayer, "we had not organized an antislavery society. Fearing that we should do so, the faculty of the United Seminaries passed a regulation which read like this ; ' No student shall join any society in the town of Andover without leave of the principal (if the institution with which he is connected.' Alas, 'The best laid schemes of mice and men aft gang aglee.' So it was in this case. A student whose room adjoined that in which the faculties met and discussed the matter, overheard enotigh to divine what was on the tapis. He at once informed us of what was up. In half an hour all the principal anti-slavery students were gathered in the Methodist chapel, and then and there forrned an abolition society, chose oflficers, etc., and adjourned. The following Monday morning at prayers we beheld marshaled on the platform and around the desk, our four principal professors . Usually only one was present. There was something ominous in the air. Principal Johnson's voice was more tremulous than usual. Professor McLane's face was unusually red and flushed. Professor Taylor's eyes were riveted to the floor, while Professor Sanborn sat uneasy and restless in his chair of state.

"Prayers over, Principal Johnson, in agitated tones, read the stern decree, and then looked over the field to mark the effect of the shot. The other teachers also now h:)oked up and took observations. But not a wing seemed broken, not a feather ruffled. We all took it serenely, and it was noted that the anti-slavery leaders looked crosswise at each other and smiled. What could it mean? After the students had gone to their rooms for recitations, or to the dormitories for study. Principal Johnson called up one Peter T. Woodbury, nephew of Hon. Levi Woodburv, of New Hampshire fame, and asked in a confidential tone: ' Peter, what did it mean - those complacent smiles and glances between Abolitionists when the new regulation was read?' - Why,' said Peter brusquely, 'they have stolen a march on you. They formed a society last Saturday night, and all the Abolitionists joined it.' The color left Mr. Johnson's face. Recovering himself, he said plainti\-ely : ' You have not joined, have you Peter! ' ' Yes, sir, " said Peter. This was a stunner. The next effort was to induce the signers to withdraw their names, but without an instance of success. These young Abolitionists had been converted to stay. They believed' in saint's perseverance, and I have never yet heard of the apostacy of one of them, or even of their temporary falHng from grace. Our professors, finding that neither coaxing or flattering nor threats would do, proceeded to sterner measures. I was summoned before the faculty to answer to the charge of combining with others to destroy the good name of the academy and bring it into reproach before the public, etc., etc. Instead of standing on the defensive I faced the music. I boldly charged upon them the sin of seeking to shield from exposure and condemnation the great crime of slavery, of exerting themselves to make cowards and timeservers of the yotmg men who were soon to go forth to help form and reform the opinions of mankind. I remember telling them that if we were cowards here we would be cowards in college, cowards in the seminary and cowards in the ministry. In fact, during that interview I think they were in the prisoner's box quite as much as I was. At one time they actually all laughed aloud at the ridiculous turn the trial had taken. But they had resolved to make an example of me, and so they cast me out. No specific charges were voted as sustained. I was simply voted no longer a member of Phillips Academy, and to have no further right to a room or place in the recitation rooms. One other was dismissed with me. At once a meeting of the anti-slaver}' students was called, a remonstrance was gotten up and published. It was signed by some sixty students, all of whom left the institution without diplomas or other testimonials of character or scholarship. No sooner was I turned out of the academy than Mr. McLane wrote my pastor in Cheshire. He read the letter to the church, and the}' voted not to help me any more. The letter from my pastor to me, though quite severe, was in parts very tender and parental. He regarded the anti-slavery revival as little better than a blast from the bottomless pit. I remember one sentence that he used: 'Oh, that God would hide you in his pavilion till this storm is overpast?'

"Dear man, he was sadly mistaken. That strong wind and 'the rushing mighty wind ' of the day of Pentecost came from the same quarter. Well, he sees it now, and rejoices with us in the great deliverance from America's chiefest ciirse. My reply to him was said to be rather spirited. I kept no copy of it, but one who was present when it was received, and heard it read, told me that when the gx)od pastor came to a place where I wrote, ' Money given by a church on conditi(.)n of keeping silence about slaver}' is not fit to buy a potter's field with,' he laughed heartily and said : ' He is plucky, is he not ? ' The Education Society also withdrew its aid, and I was now cast upon my own resources again.

"After the expulsion of Bristol I went home to Braintree, where I had to encounter m}' pastor, a D. D,, who blamed me very much for my anti-slavery tendencies, and told me that Garrison was an infidel and an atheist. With this man I had several interviews. He told my sisters that I ought to be made to go back to Andover and beg pardon on my knees.

" By request of a friend I carried to my pastor a notice of an antislavery meeting- to be held on a week day in a neighboring parish, and asked him to read it from the pulpit. This he declined to do, ' for the reason that slavery was a political question, and he could not carry politics into the pulpit.' I said no more, but a short time after that a Rev. Mr. Sparrow, a dissenter from the Catholic church, preached against the Pope of Rome. At the close of the service in the forenoon, he gave notice that in the afternoon he would preach on the political bearings of Catholicism. He did so, and my pastor took part in the exercises.

"The next morning I called to see him, and spoke of the aljsurd jjosition in which I found him ; that he refused to read a notice of an anti-slavery meeting to be held on a week day in a neighboring parish because of the political bearing of the question of slavery, but that he admitted a brother minister to preach a whole sermon on the political bearings of Catholicism on the holy Sabbath day, and that he took ]5art in the exercises. What did my pastor say ? Did he explain? No. But he ascended into a towering passion. With both hands raised on high, with brows knit and every feature marking the cowardly purpose of his soul, he exclaimed: ' I am not to be intimidated by any such argument. I don't care if all my parish leave me. The tyranny they are trying to exercise over me is worse than the tyranny of Nicholas of Russia,' etc., etc.

" I retired as modestly as I could, and the more I thought of it the more I determined to write to him, and to show him that I had lost my respect for him ; that I believed him to be a hypocrite, a time-server and a coward ; that the rich men of his church and society held him in the palm of their hand, that he did not dare to preach an anti-slavery sermon in his pulpit, that he did not care if the millions of poor Africans all went to hell if he could preserve the hai'mony of the church North and South ; and such a church as Jesus Christ never sanctioned. I told him that I would never hear him preach till he repented, and I demanded an honorable discharge from his church, which I never received.

"That the above character was true the following must testify: At the funeral of the son of one of his richest parishioners, who died a drunkard, he carried him on the wings of white angels and left him in the bosom of his Father in the heavenly kingdom. But at the funeral of a poi^r young man, who was a good boy at home and a good boy at school, and was the idol of his poor mf)ther - he had given his life to his country, was wounded at the battle of Williamsburg, Va. , taken prisoner and carried to Richmond, paroled and came home to die - what did this conscientious pastor say to console the grief of the sorrowing mother ? These memorable words. ' If there is any hope that he has gone to the bosom of his Savior it is a matter of rejoicing.' After this I never spoke with him. But the good piastor has gone to his rest, with the love and esteem of a large circle of friends, and a name honored and respected in all the churches. A costly granite monument, with laudatory inscription, marks the spot of his final resting place."

This course of Dr. Thayer's and his fellow students, was in the beginning of the anti-slavery movement. Though generally condemned at the time by the clergy, conservative men now say, "For once the students were right." His venerable grandfather. Deacon Eliphaz Thayer, a soldier of the Revolution, who had served under Washington at West Point at the time of the defection of Gen. Benedict Arnold, and the capture and execution of the unfortunate Major Andre, approved of his course and was proud of him. Dr. Thayer has been since that time an enemy of every kind of oppression, and his house was the asylum of fugitive slaves fur twenty years before the war that emancipated a race. And one of John Brown's men, a white man, who had escaped from Harper's Ferry, was concealed in Dr. Thayer's house on the day John Brown was executed.

Dr. Thayer was an admirer of the heroism of Garrison and Phillips ; of Francis Jackson, who said: "When I shut m 3- door against the fugitive from oppression, may the Almighty shut the door of his mercy against me," and of Governor Andrew, who said: "I know not what record of sin awaits me in the other world, but this I do know, that I never was so mean as to despise any man because he was poor, because he was ignorant, or because he was black."

If there is anything in the life of Dr. Tha3'er that indicates a hypersensitiveness and pity for the oppressed, it is due largely to influences pre-natal, and is equally true of others who were active in their sympathies with the slaves, among whom may be mentioned Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, Rev. Charles T. Torry, who died in prison for aiding slaves to escape, Rev. Amos Dresser, who served a term in the State prison of Tennessee for his sympathy for the slaves, Hon. Montgomery Blair, and many others, who were born the same year when our country was involved in a war with Great Britain, in which great and out- ra^yfeous ci'uelties were inflicted along- the northern frontier and at sea along- our coast, among which may be named as instances of special atrocity the ma&sacre of our soldiers, who surrendered on condition of protection from the Indian tomahawk at Frenchtown, at Fort Dearborn, where Chicago now stands, and at other cold-blooded massacres.

Dr. Thayer still has pleasant memories of his connection with the "underground railroad " and the vigilance committee, in which he was an active member.

For eight years Dr. Thayer was professor of practice and institutes of medicine in Boston University. Though educated in the regular ])ractice, he was induced to examine the merits of homceopathy, and (ut semper) his first experiments being successful, he continued to make further trials, and he became a thorough convert to the doctrines of Hahnei-nann. In 1854 he was called to attend a case of bilious colic which was supposed to be caused from the passage of gall-stones. At that time there was not a writer in Europe or in America who had told us the remedv for this painful disease. After numerous trials and some failures. Dr. Thayer selected cinchona (Peruvian bark), which he gave in the homteopathic way. It cured the case entirely, and it has not returned in thirty-eight years. During this long period he has treated about 2,000 cases of gall-stone colic and has cured every one of them, without a single exception. Dr. Thayer made his discovery known to liis colleagues as soon as he became convinced of its certainty.

Dr. Thayer also made the discovery of the art of curing fistute recti without the use of the knife. This he has also communicated to his associates in the profession. He has also demonstrated the truth of the statements that cases of rachitis (bow-legs), distorted spines, and other deformities of the bones can, if taken in good season - early in infancy - be radically and entirely cured with a high potency of silicea and calcarea carbonica. Through a period of more than a quarter of a century he has not known a case of failure to cure. Dr. Thayer hereby confirms the truth of the discoveries of Hahnemann and others. Early in his practice he found that stricture of the oesophagus was regarded as an incurable disease. He had a case - a Miss R., in Roxbury. He consulted his friend, Dr. Winslow Lewis, who assured him that his patient would die of starvation, which she did. Through a period of years he had several similar cases, all of which proved fatal. Once while making a proving on himself, of a certain drug i-emedy, he felt a sensation in the throat which reminded him of stricture of the oesophagus. He determined, if he should have another case, to tr}' that remedy. He has never lost a case of stricture of the (esophagus since. That remedy is podophyllin. But the doctor adds that there are some cases of stricture of the (esophagus which are not curable by podophyllin alone, but require, in addition, some treatment with kali hydriadicum. While studying natural history in Union C(jllege in 1830 his attention was called to the mystery of the flight of birds. He dissected hundreds of birds of various species, from the smallest hummingbird to the largest eagles and the migratory sea fowl that visit these shores, to discover the secret, but without solving the sublime problem. In 1889 he received letters patent for a device for navigating the air, which he calls the Aerial Railway. Every specification was granted by the governments of the United States, Canada, England, France, Germany and Belguim. Whether this enterprise be practical or not, his original and poetic maxim is still true:

Samuel Baker Rindge

Daniel Rindge, who is believed to be the ancestor of all of the name in America, came from England to Massachusetts Bay in 1638, settling first at Roxbury, but soon removing to Ipswich, where descendants of his name remained for .five generations. He appears to have owned land on Heart Break Hill (a name which is variously explained, but probably due to its difficult ascent), also one house on the Turkey Shore and another in High street, and his farm was within the present limits of the town of Hamilton.

The Portsmouth family of Rindge was an offshoot from that at Ipswich. One Daniel Rindge of that branch was a successful merchant there, and another, John Rindge, became a prominent man in the New Hampshire colony and a member of the Colonial Council, in which capacity he signed bills of credit, as appears by a specimen still preserved in the museum at Plymouth, Mass. He was chosen to represent the colony before the King in England, in relation to the disputed boundary line on the Massachusetts side, and the town of Rindge in New Hampshire was named in honor of him.

Daniel Rindge, the first settler, had a son Roger ; Roger a son Daniel ; this Daniel a son also Daniel; this last Daniel a son John; and John a son Samuel - all of these except the first being natives of Ipswich.

vSamuel Rindge, born January 30, 1791, went from Ipswich to Salem, and thence to East Cambridge, then known as Craigie's Point, where he was employed for man}' years by the New England Glass Company as overseer and purchaser of supplies. Previous to this he had been engaged in the manufacture of furniture which was shipped to the South and sold there. He married, February 17, 1830, Maria Bradlee Wait, and died February 1, 1850.

His eldest son, vSamuel Baker Rindge, was boi^n December 36, 1830; married, April 39,1845, Clarissa Harrington, of Lexington, Mass., and died May 3, 1883. Of six children only one, Frederick Hastings Rindge, survived his parents.

His eldest son, vSamuel Baker Rindge, after the brief but solid schooling of his time, began his business life with no capital except a sound body and a willing mind. At the age of sixteen (1830) he entered the employment of Parker & Blanchard, which was the first firm in Boston that engaged in and I'elied solely upon the business of selling for the manufacturers American-made textile fabrics. The manufacturing business itself was in its infancy and gave no sign of its later wonderful development. The boy's position was one that called for much hard work and yielded but small remuneration. He was expected to be the first to come and the last to go, and in the time between was expected to make himself generally useful. In such a place a shirk would have found himself unhappy, but the lad Rindge was no shirk ; his own work was always done promptly, and it was always his inclination to reach out for a share in the duties of those above him. When he was ''the boy" he was always ready to fill a gap in the bookkeeping, and when he became the bookkeeper he managed, by working out of hours, to get time to act as a salesman in the busier portions of the day. He was abstemious in his habits, and recognized alcoholic beverages and tobacco as his enemies. His powers of observation and his memory were alike remarkable; he saw everything and ftn-got nothing. As an accountant he was thorough and exact; as a salesman he was active and popular; he made himself an excellent judge of the qualities of manufactured goods, and an expert in wool and other raw materials.

Sucli a man could not but rise, and in the year 1847 he was admitted a partner in the firm, then styled Parker, Wilder & Parker, and when he died he was the senior member of the house, then Parker, Wilder &- Co.

He grew with his business, opening liis mind and enlarging his scale of action as manufacturing developed and the times changed. Los.ses never discouraged, but simply instructed him, and the end of a season of panic which swept away a large fraction of his capital found him full of confidence in himself, not bewailing the past but looking forward cheerily to the future.

It was a fault in his mercantile character that he took upon himself too much, and that as his work grew he did not depend more upon his employees. It has been said of him that he did the work of ten men; certainlj- he loved work, but it would have been wise, and it would probabh^ have prolonged his life if he had been willing to limit himself more closely to the navigation of the ship, leaving others to trim the sails and keep the watch.

He was a stalwart man to the last, and his cheeks kept a ruddy hue of health. His powerful physique was illustrated by his interference in one instance to put a stop to a brutal fight between two men in a country town, where as they were struggling on the ground he grasped one of them by the collar of his coat and raised him to his feet as if he had been a child. But even the stoutest of men may be overloaded, and Mr. Rinclge, although warned of his danger, preferred apparently to inctir the risk rather than deny himself the exhilaration of earnest occupation.

Nor was he content to confine his work to his own especial avocations. To be a director in the manufacturing concerns in which he was interested was to make but little addition to his cares, for he would have felt the same responsibility as their buying and selling agent ; but as his reputation for business sagacity increased he was induced to assume additional duties. For two years he was an alderman of Cambridge. He was a director in two banks, the president of one; trustee in the Cambridge Savings Bank, president of the Union Glass Company, director in the Cambridge Railroad Company and in other corporations. Besides all these, when consulted by friends he was not content to limit his advice to generalities, but was apt to make a study of their interests as if they were his own ; and it was said by an eminent lawyer of Boston that he had never known j\lr. Rindge's equal in ability

One can only wonder that such a man should have lived so long. His strong constitution may explain in part his ability to bear a heavy strain, and his readiness to enter into any passing recreation, to enjoy travel and to be easily diverted may explain the rest. He found but little diversion in books - men and things were more interesting to him.

Mr. Rindge was fortunate, too, in his wife, a woman of remarkable kindliness and charity, everywhere revered for her many amiable qualities, and nowhere better appreciated than in her own home. Socially she was connected with many charitable societies in Cambridge, and being a strict church-goer, she exerted a widespread influence upon the morals of the city. She died in less than two years after her widowhood, leaving by her will charitable foundations to commemorate her husband.

At a union meeting of officers of various corporations with wliich he had been connected, resolutions were passed in memory of j\Ir. Rindge, and it was said that every eye was dimmed by tears.

As a merchant, says a Boston paper, he leaves a character above reproach : as a citizen he was universally respected, and he will be greatly missed by the mercantile communities of Boston and New York, where he was widely known and where he was accorded a position second to none.

As a business man. writes a Cambridge editor, he was held in the highest esteem, as is evidenced by his associations in this city. For manj^ years he was a director in the Charles River National Bank, and later became its president. He was also a director in the Lechmere National Bank, and a trustee of the Cambridge Savings Bank. Mr. Rindge was always identified with projects for the good of the city, and was a liberal giver to worth}^ causes.

With an ambition to work and win, says another notice, he was always jealous of his character ; nothing could wean him from the path he had chosen. As he grew in years, so grow his reputation for probity and commercial ability. . . . With advancement he assumed the burdens following such promotion with a degree of modesty equaled only by the diligence and uprightness e.xercised in the execution of all trusts committed to his care. And thus half a century of years' in business life was passed, the experience of each year adding to the fullness of a mind already admired for the display of such superior qualities.

others, but finally in the beautiful home which he built at Little Top Hill, near Peach's Point. Here he threw off all business cares and immersed himself in healthy country living. His regard for the people of Marblehead was warmly returned, as is testified by the deep feeling which marked his obituary in the local press.

It was with saddened faces and heavy hearts, says the Marblcluuid Mfsscnucr, that our people heard of the death of Mr. Samuel B. Rindge last week. No person ever died in our midst who was more universally respected than he.

From the first he seemed to love our people, and they in turn had learned to love him. Unlike a good many who have sojourned in our community as summer residents, he could see nothing strange in our dialect or behavior that could excite ridicule or comment. Our crooked narrow streets and quaint old houses called forth from him no disparaging remarks, and he could see in those he met, men, women and childi-en created in the image of God like himself, and that he was commanded to love them, and this he did most earnestly, and his love was reciprocated by them.

He did not seem over an.xious to form an acquaintance with the tV//t', so called, although he treated all courteously, but rather the men of the people, the day laborer. He never passed one on the street without a kindly salutation and a friendly greeting, and if he was burdened with a bundle or had a long walk to or from his work, he was invited to a seat beside him in his carriage to enjoy a ride and also the pleasure of his entertaining and genial conversation.

But above all, he was a friend to the needy and down-trodden. No one who ever asked alms for himself or others, or a favor of any kind from him, was ever refused ; but he never published it to the world, for quietly and without display he gave generously of his ample wealth. His creed seemed to be more than an empty form, for, like the Master, he went about doing good. He was in every sense a true Christian gentleman.

The world is made better by such lives. It would be well for some of our wealthy men to stop and consider if it is not better to make friends instead of enemies of their fellow men who have less means than themselves. Let them study the life of this good man, whose deeds are so enshrined in all our hearts as never to be forgotten.

Akin to the features of character above commended is the interest Mr. Rindge took in the persons employed in mills under his direction. He remembered and recognized men and women, and enjoyed talking with them, and this not as dc Itaiit en has, but placing himself and them on the same level.

It was the desire of his family that the funeral should be private, and their wish was respected ; but most unexpectedly a great throng attended at the burial. Neighbors and business friends, official associates and employees, and many persons whom he had befriended were there, bearing witness by their attendance to their esteem and his worth.

William P. Hunt

William Prescott Hunt was born in Bath, N.H., January 14, 1827, and is a son of Caleb and Rebecca (Pool) Hunt, the latter a cousin of W. H. Prescott, the historian. His father was a woolen manufacturer at Bath, N.H., and imported the fir.st carding machine used in that State. Mr. Hunt was prepared for entrance to Dartmouth College, but choosing a business career he entered the service of the South Boston Iron Company in 1847, and has been identified with that corporation through its various changes ever since. In 1863 he was elected treasiirer of the company, and in 187G president and treasurer, holding the latter positions at the present time. He has also been largely interested in other industrial enterprises. From 1875 to 1893 he was president of the Forbes Lithographic Manufacturing Company; was president of the Boston Machine Company from 1804 to 1884; has been a director in the Boston Lead Manufacturing Company since 1880; and was a director in the Carver Cotton Gin Ctwnpany from 18(10 to 1888. For many years he has also taken a prominent part in the management of Boston financial institutions. In 187"^ he was elected a director of the Atlas National Bank, and from 1878 to 1882 served as president. For ten years he was a director in the Manufacturers' Insurance Company. In these various industrial and financial institutions ]Mr. Hunt has been a potent factor in their success, freely devoting his long business experience, his time and energies to their prosperity. Mr. Hunt was first married in 1856 to Miss Catherine Mullen, of New York city, who died in 1869. In 1871 he married Miss Helen S. Cummings, of New Bedford, Mass. He has five children: Mary E., William Prescott, Henry M., Arthur P. and John Cummings Hunt.

Michael H. Simpson

Michael H. Simpson, who brought into a high state of development the well known industries connected with the Roxbury Carpet Company and the Saxonville Mill, was born November 15, 1809, and was the son of Paul Simpson, a wealthy ship owner of Newburyport during the days when a phenomenal success .sometimes attended the sending of cargoes of merchandise to foreign ports. Deciding early upon a business career, young .Simpson entered into it with that energy and keen insight which distinguished him in after Hfe. Before they were of age, he, with Charles H. Coffin, of Newburyport, and George Otis, son of Harrison Gray Otis, of Boston (afterwards partners), made a highly successful venture by sending a ship and cargo to Calcutta, they being the sole owners. This may, . perhaps, be considered the basis of the fortune which Mr. Simpson afterwards acquired. His business career soon showed that to a fine physical constitution he iinited a keen sagacity in adopting means to ends, unusual executive ability and an indomitable will. By the connection of his firm with the wool trade of South America, his attention was drawn to the necessity of freeing Buenos Ayres wool from burrs to enhance its value. His inventive brain soon grasped the situation, and he produced a machine for this purpose, which proved of great value, the modern burring machine, now in general use, being the outgrowth of this invention. In the various industries with which his name was connected, for him to discover the need or necessity for improvement was to give himself no rest until he had devised a way for the accomplishment of the desired end. His extensive career as a manufacturer and employer of labor also gave scope for the development of those finer qualities of mind and heart which characterized the man. It was his delight to lay out parks and drives in connection with his estates, which he always opened to the public. In order to give employment he would purchase tracts of waste land and convert them into richly productive fields. As a friend and companion he was genial and charming. He possessed a mind well stored with the resources of history and philosophy. He was a man of keen business perceptions and was remarkably successful in all of his various investments and enterprises.

He ever recognized a beneficent, overruling Providence in all the ways of life, and sought by precept and example to inculcate the principles of a high morality in all those with whom he was brought in contact. His love for his native town manifested itself in his generous benefactions to the Public Library, toward town improvements, a fund for keeping the streets watered, and in various other ways.

Mr. Simpson was twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth Rilham, of Boston, by whom he had several children. His second marriage was to Evangeline E. Thurston Marrs, of Framingham, who survives him. His death occurred at his residence in Boston, Decem- 22, 1884.

Albert A. Pope

Albert Augustus Poi>r, the founder of the bicycle industries in the United States, was born in Boston, Mass., May 30, 1843. He traces his genealogy through many well-known New England families of Pope, Pierce, Cole, Stubbs, Neale, and others. His father, Charles Pope, was an active and stirring business man, and his mother, a daughter of Capt. James Bogman, of Boston, was a lady of rare discernment and quiet decision of character, who taught her son the habits of economy, order and method, to the exercise of which he attributes much of his success in life. When young Pope was only nine years of age, his father met with business reverses which placed the family in decidedly straitened circumstances. Albert began at once his life of work and business activity by riding a horse to plow for a neighboring farmer in Brookline, which was his home at that time. Three years later he commenced buying fruit and vegetables of the farmers and selling them to the neighbors, showing his innate ability as a manager by employing boys to assist him and reaping a profit from their labors. He soon had between forty and fifty customers, and in one season this business yielded him a profit of $100. During this time he received a fair public school education, which was all the training he ever had from schools, though by careful reading and persistent application he has obtained an exceptional fund of general knowledge. At the age of fifteen he left the high .school and secured employment in the Quincy Market, and later on took a position with a firm dealing in shoe findings. While there he did all the work of a porter, carrying heavy bags of pegs and 100-lb. bales of thread - work that would not be imposed on a full grown man in these days - and for this he received only four dollars a week, two of which he paid for board, and saved money out of the balance. An accurate account of his expenses shows that he exercised the strictest economy. The store was five miles from his home, yet he frequently walked to and from business in order to save the car fare of sixteen cents. When the war broke out he began the study of military tactics, joining the Salignac's Zouaves and the Home Guards of Brookline, of which company he soon became captain. So intense was his interest that he kept a musket in the store and with it drilled his fellow clerks and the " bosses " whenever business would permit. At nineteen years of age he joined the volunteer forces of the Union army and went to the front as .second lieutenant in the Thirtyfi-^S SUFFOLK COUNTY.

fifth Massachusetts Infantry August 32, 1863. His promotion to first lieutenant, March 23, 1803, and to captain, April 1, 18G4, are evidences of his ability and valor. He was employed upon important detached services, and acted as commander of his regiment on many occasions when the colonel was absent or disabled. He organized within twentyfour hours a provisional regiment of artillery from the convalescent camp at Alexandria, and with this force he advanced to the defence of Washington, assuming command of Fort Slocum and Fort Stevens with forty-seven pieces of artillery. This was a move which called for great ability in managing men, and it was accomplished with such skill that Captain Pope was highly complimented by his superior officers. He served in the principal Virginia campaigns, was with Burnside in Tennessee, with Grant at Vicksburg, and with Sherman at Jackson, Miss. He commanded Fort Hell before Petersburg, and in the last attack led his regiment into the the city, at the age of twent3'-one years. He was brevetted major "for gallant conduct at the battle of Fredericksburg, Va.," and lieutenant-colonel " for gallant conduct in the battles of Knoxville, Poplar Springs Church and front of Petersburg," March 13, 18(15. After the war Colonel Pope returned quietly to his former employers, but soon went into business for himself in slipper decorations and shoe manufacturers' supplies. In 1877 he became enthusiastic over the bicycle, and, with his rare foresight, determined to go into their manufacture. This was done under the name of the Pope Manufacturing Company, a corporation for which he furnished the capital and of which he became, and has ever since continued, the president and active manager. This company was organized for the making and selling of small patented articles; but within a year Colonel Pope had resolved to stake all its future on the bicycle, and he thus made his company the pioneer in the business. There was laot only no demand for wheels at that time, but in many places the prejudice against them was both outspoken and intolerant. This opposition had to be overcome and a market created. Colonel Pope exercised great diplomacy in treating this phase of the business. He imported the best 'cycling literature to be had, bound it up with the advertisement of rival firms and distributed it freely throughout the country. Through the influence and encouragement of the Pope Manufacturing Company home talent also was brought to bear on the question, resulting in the production of Mr. Pratt's book, "The American Bicycler," and in the founding of the illustrated magazine, The Wlictiinan, which cost up- wards of $IJO,(X»0, and which is flourishing as the Outing of to-day. The educating process was followed by the opening of the highways and parks for the use of wheelmen, the company expending thousands of dollars in settling the Central Park case in New York, the South Park matter in Chicago, and the Fairmount Park contest in Philadelphia. The successful organizing and prosperous growth of this industry bear a well deserved tribute to Colonel Pope as a promoter and manager of large business interests, and as a financier of strength and fertility. Colonel Pope is a director in many banking and bu.siness corporations, and his advice is sought after and valued.

He is the pioneer in the great movement for highway improvement, and has contributed liberally of his means and time for the advancement of this project. His speeches on this subject have been widely read and quoted. His latest move for a comprehensive road exhibit at the Columbian Exposition aroused the press and the public in general to the importance of the road question.

He married vSeptember '20, 1871, Abbie, daughter of George and Matilda (Smallwood) Linder, of Newton, Mass., and they have four sons and one daughter.

Amasa Walker, Ll.D.

x\m-Asa \V.\i.KKK, eldest son of Deacon Walter Walker, was born in Woodstock, Conn., May 4, 1709. In 1800 his parents bought the estate in the North Parish of Brookfield, Mass., on which their .son Amasa subsequently lived and died. Amasa Walker was a feeble and delicate child. Lack of physical stamina deprived him of the enjoyment of most of the athletic sports practiced by his companions. The fact, however, had its compensation in the impulse given to study and reflection.

On his father's estate in North Brookfield, Amasa Walker was reared, attending the Center District School ; and, in the intervals of study, working upon his father's farm, or sticking card-teeth for the manufacturers at Leicester. Naturally a good and even brilliant scholar, the child and youth took the utmost advantage of the limited opportunities offered by the village school, and acquired that thorough training in English which, without the advantages of a college education, enabled him to discuss abstruse questions of political science clearly, effectively and agreeably, and to address senates and universities with acceptance. In ISl-i he became a clerk in Colonel Henshaw's store. During the winter of 1815 to '16 he was laid up as the result of a physical injury; but in the spring of 1816 went to live with Dr. Crossfield, who had opened a store in South Brookfield. In June the store was burned, and he became clerk to Captain Moses Bond, then trading in North Brookfield. In 1817 he liegan to fit for Amherst College, under the tuition of the Rev. Dr. Snell. His zeal in study soon outran his strength, and his health completely broke down, compelling the abandonment of the college project. During the winter of 1817 to 1818, he taught a district school, and then went again to live with Captain Bond. For two years following he taught school in various districts of North Brookfield, or worked upon the farm at home.

In October, 1830, in company with Allen Newell, he bought the store and stock of Major Holt, of West Brookfield. The partnership continued successfully until February, 1823, when Mr. Walker sold out his interest and became agent of the Methuen Manufacturing Compan)', where he remained for two years. In 1825 he entered into business in Boston with Charles G. Carleton, under the title of Carleton & Walker, and on the 6th of July, 1826, married his partner's sister, Emeline, daughter of Deacon Jonathan Carleton, of Boston. Mrs. Walker died July 24, 1828, leaving one child, who died in infancy. In 1829 Mr. Walker went into business b}' himself, where his energy enabled him to achieve success; yet, notwithstanding the virgent demands of his business and his always delicate health, often threatening complete prostration, he took a prominent part in a great variety of political, social and intellectual elforts.