Athens Township (part 8 of 21)

^^I exceedingly regret that some of these stories, which I have heard him relate, are so blurred in memory that I find it impossible to reproduce them. And, then, the old man told them with such a peculiar zest that much would unavoidably be lost in a repetition. His imperturbable gravity, the immobility of his countenance, even when uttering a dry joke or relating an amusing anecdote, at which the bystanders were in a perfect roar of laughter, were wonderful. Yet I have often seen his eyes fill with tears at a tale of sufFering. Even in relating the death of a favorite dog - Piper - belonging to a fellow huntsman, the tears would start. He assisted in burying the dog with ^ military honors,' on the bank of a branch now bearing the dog's name."

Captain Chittenden, afterward governor of Vermont, commanded the company in which Dailey served during the revolutionary war. Several years after he came to Ohio to live, Dailey applied for a pension, and walked all the way to Vermont to obtain, from his old captain, the necessary certificate and vouchers. After his return to the west he would often relate, with much gusto, the hearty greetings and warm welcome he received from the governor, and, during his stay of several days, remembered to have particularly relished the governor's " cognac."

The old man was exceedingly severe in his criticisms on St. Clair's disastrous campaign against the Indians, in 1 79 1. It so happened, on one occasion, that St. Clair, while governor of the northwestern territory, in passing across the country, called at Dailey's cabin in Rome, to obtain refreshments for himself and horse. Dailey's larder, however, was exhausted, and, though full of hospitality, he could do little or nothing for the hungry governor, who was compelled to press on to Athens, where he arrived very much exhausted and very angry. The incident worked on his mind to such a degree, vexing him more the more he dwelt upon it, that he threatened to send Dailey out of the territory - declaring that he would not have such a shiftless man within his jurisdiction. This, Dailey pretty soon heard of. Not long afterward the governor met Dailey in "Southtown" (Alexander), and thought it a good opportunity to at least administer a sound reprimand for his delinquency as an agriculturist, and commenced with, "Well, Mr. Dailey, how do you succeed in farming at the mouth of Federal creek?" Dailey, assuming an unusual amount of solemn gravity, replied: "Pretty d d poorly, as you did fighting the

Indians; but I think the difference, if any, is on my side, for, being born without a shirt, I have made out to hold my own till the present time, which is an almighty sight better than you did." The governor let Dailey alone after that.

Elijah Hatch (Judge Hatch) migrated from the eastern part of the state of New York to the northwestern territory, and settled in Rome township in the year 1800. In 1 801 he went back and removed his father, Elijah Hatch, Sen., and his mother, with their family, to this township - the former being seventy-two, and the latter seventy-one years old at that time. They came in wagons to the Youghiogheny, in Pennsylvania, where, in connection with others, they procured a flat boat, twenty-five feet long by twelve feet wide, which they loaded with seven horses, one wagon, one carriage, a quantity of hardware and farming utensils, and fifteen persons - men, women, and children. Thus they proceeded down the Youghiogheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers, to the Ohio Company's purchase. Judge Hatch was the first man who ever drove a team, with a wagon, through the woods, from the mouth of little Hocking to the big Hockhocking. He struck the latter stream two and a half miles 'below the mouth of Federal creek, about half a mile below where the present ridge road now joins the Hocking road.

Judge Hatch possessed talents above mediocrity, a sound judgment in public affairs, and was an active and influential man in the early settlement of the county. He was appointed judge of the court of common pleas by Governor Tiffin, in 1805, and was afterward appointed or elected several times to that position. He served nine terms in the state legislature, being first elected in 1804, and was appointed by that body one of the first board of trustees of the Ohio university, which position he held for the remainder of his life. He was a man of affable and courteous demeanor, possessing a large fund of anecdote and social qualities, that made him always a welcome guest at pioneer gatherings. He died January 19, 1849, aged eighty-one years.

Roswell Culver and Joel Spenser settled, with their families, in Rome about 1801. They were brothersin-law of Judge Hatch, having married sisters. The "widow Comfort Crippen," another of Judge Hatch's sisters, settled in 1804 on the river, about a mile and a half below the mouth of Federal creek. She brought with her six sons and three daughters. One of the sons was Amos Crippen, long a leading citizen of the county, and the memory of one of the daughters, who was married to A. G. Brown, of Athens, is still fondly cherished by her relatives and friends. Of this large family, brought into Rome in 1804, only one now survives, viz: Mrs. Orinda Branch, of Middleport, Meigs county. One of the sisters, the late Mrs. Olive Currier, relict of Judge Ebenezer Currier, died at her residence in Athens, January 7, 1868, aged eighty-two years.

Massachusetts, in the year 1793, of excellent parentage, the family on both sides of the house being noted for their sterling honesty, intelligence, and patriotism. In 181 1 his father, Elijah Rowell, migrated with his little family to the then "far west," and settled in Rome township, where Mr. Rowell has passed nearly the whole of his peaceful and useful life, and where he continues to reside, respected and beloved by all who know him. In the year 1812 young Rowell, then only nineteen years old, began to teach school, and continued teaching during the winter season for many years. He had eminent fitness for educating the young, and his unwearying fidelity and philosophic methods of instruction gained for him a deserved popularity. In 1815 he married Esther Culver, daughter of Roswell Culver, who is still living. To them were born six children, of which only three survive, viz: Ohiolus, born in Rome township in 18 16, now a farmer in the same township, Mrs. Theresa P. Dorr, wife of Edmund Dorr, and William Wirt Rowell. Esquire Rowell has been a farmer during the most of his life. He has always taken a lively interest in the welfare of the community where he dwells, and has filled, at different times, all the township offices and the office of county commissioner.

farm on which Professor Miller now lives. Case married a daughter of Job Ruter, and was an influential citizen during the early days of the county.

Joseph fVickham settled in Rome in 1805. ^^ ^^ a native of England, and serving on an English vessel when the revolutionary war broke out. He deserted, joined the American army, and served till the close of hostilities. After the war he lived for a time in Vermont. Having married there he set out, in the winter of 1804, ^or ^he new state of Ohio, but the roads getting very bad he disposed of his horses and wagon, bought a yoke of cattle and a sledy and came on to "Olean point." Here he procured a white pine raft, and floated down to the mouth of Hockhocking, and thence came up that river to Rome township, where he lived till his death. May 3, 1833, aged seventy-four years. One of his grandsons, Killian V. Whaley, was a member of the 38th and 39th congress from West Virginia. Another of them, William Reed, is known as one of the enterprising business men of the township.

Timothy Jones y a native of Rhode Island, was born of wealthy parents, graduated at Brown university, became a lawyer and also a graduate in medicine, and held a high social position in Providence, Rhode Island, where he lived. In 1805, when near fifty years old, his wife having died, he relinquished the comforts of settled life and removed to Ohio. He arrived in Rome township in that year and buried himself in the forests of Federal creek. He was a man of considerable scientific research. During the revolutionary war he obtained the first premium, oflFered by the legislature of Massachusetts, for the manufacture of saltpeter. His descendants possess the certificate of his admission to the bar in Providence, in 1786. Dressed in the garb of a pioneer working on his farm on Federal creek, he presented to those who knew his history and character an interesting study. Some time after coming here he married a second wife - the widow Polly Hewitt, a daughter of Ebenezer Barrows. The Rev. T. F. Jones is a son of theirs. An aged citizen of Rome, who knew Dr. Jones, says, " in the forest he was a hunter - in the log cabin parlor a perfect Chesterfield."

Leonard Jewett in 1804 ^^ 1805 settled at the mouth of Federal creek on a fine tract of land which lay chiefly on the south side of the Hockhocking. He sold out very soon to Mr. John Johnson and removed to Athens. Mr. Johnson married Miss Sarah Wyatt, a daughter of Deacon Joshua Wyatt, of Ames, and a woman of rare excellence. By their industry and good management they in a few years opened up one of the best farms in the county. Mr. Johnson was a " close dealer," and so tenacious of his rights as to be thought by some a hard man ; but he was benevolent at heart.

and would rather give away a dollar than be cheated of a cent. Many a destitute emigrant or needy family has had timely relief at his hands. He was the father of Dr. Wm. P. Johnson, the present representative of the county in the state legislature, and whose character as a man, as a physician and a public officer is too well known in his native county to require comment. Mrs. John Johnson, who was born in Beverly, Massachusetts, in 1786, and came to Athens county with her father's family when she was fourteen years old, died December 26, 1859.

Daniel Stewart was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, November 18, 1762. When fifteen years old he enlisted as a soldier in the revolutionary army, and served till the close of the war. He then removed to Sussex county. New Jersey, where he engaged successfully in business for several years and accumulated some means. In 1801 he exchanged his property in New Jersey for two shares in the Ohio Company's purchase and closed out his business with a view to moving west. Colonel William Stewart, a son who accompanied his father to Ohio, says :

^^ In October, 1802, father returned to the old farm to rig out a team for emigration to the northwestern territory. The prepa rations having been completed, a day and hour were set for starting. At the appointed time, 8 o'clock a. m., about a hundred friends and neighbors from all quarters came flocking in to bid us farewell, and I shall never forget the scene that followed. They all thought we were going so far beyond the world's boundary that we should never be heard of again. The hubbub lasted till 5 o'clock in the afternoon before father could say good bye with a strong voice, and then we started. Went three miles and camped for the night. The next morning we moved on. The teams were heavily loaded and the roads tolerable till we approached the Alleghany mountains when they became terribly rough and dangerous. Crossing the mountains the family were afraid to ride in the wagons and, therefore, walked this part of the way. At the very steep descents father would cut saplings, fasten them top foremost to the tail of the wagon and then go down, depending on the saplings as a brake. The journey was a long, wearisome and dangerous one, but we finally reached the Hockhocking in safety."

This was in the winter. Mr. Stewart settled on a fine tract of land on the river about a mile above the mouth of Federal creek. Possessing considerable means, great energy, and uncommon business talent, he soon had the best form in the county. As early as 1 8 10 he had an orchard of three thousand bearing fruit trees - two thousand peach, and one thousand apple trees - at that time probably the largest orchard in the state. As his means increased so did his benevolence and public spirit. In business he left no points unguarded, and no man could defraud or overreach him with impunity; but if he husbanded closely he gave liberally, and was always accessible to the claims of the really needy, and of educational and religious movements. He was one of the first two justices of the peace in the township (Elijah Hatch being the other), and acted as such, altogether, more than twenty years. He was county commissioner for many years, and was appointed by the legislature one of the early appraisers of the college lands, Captain Joshua Wyatt and John Brown being the other two. Few men have left more decided marks on the history of the county, in its social and business affairs, than Mr. Stewart. An active member of the Methodist church for sixty years of his life he always contributed liberally to the support of its ministers and the erection of churches. He died February 20, 1858.

Mr. Stewart had fourteen children, viz: Andrew, William, Charles, John, Ezra, George, Lois, Sarah, Mary, Lucinda, Harriet, Alexander, Daniel B., and Hiram. One of these, the Rev. John Stewart, has been a traveling preacher in the Methodist church for fifty years. Another, Ezra Stewart, married Harriet, daughter of Esquire Henry Bartlett, in 1826, and spent his life in the mercantile business in Athens. He was a man of wonderful energy and endurance^ and his unusual capacity for business is well remembered. He died in Athens, November 28, 1858. William Stewart came to this county with his father's family in 1802, and lived here nearly forty years. When seventeen years old he was elected a lieutenant in the militia, and was captain of a company raised here in 1812, which expected to be but was not called into the service.

Some years later he was appointed a colonel. The contract for erecting the Ohio university building was awarded to him in 18 17, and several years later the contract for building the county jail. In 1840 he removed to Lee county, Iowa. In 1847 he was elected superintendent of the common schools in that state, and during that and the next year organized one hundred and five school districts. He has held other public offices in Iowa.

Daniel B. Stewarty son of Daniel, was born on the old Stewart farm in Rome township, September 26, 181 2. The first school he remembers and which he attended was kept by Jabez Bowman, on the hill about a quarter of a mile below the old homestead. This school was supported by contributions of its patrons. As he grew up Mr. Stewart developed a great fondness for machinery, and was never happier than when managing or handling it. He finally obtained his father's consent that he should go into the mill at Savannah as manager. Here he succeeded admirably, and without any instruction. After he had run this mill about two years he bought it of his father, run it two years more and then sold it to James E. and William T. Hatch. The next two years he lived in Meigs county, engaging in the mercantile business at Rutland with his brother Alexander. Returning to this county he started a store at Coolville, and also bought the saw mill on the river two miles below Savannah. This was in 1836. In 1837 the mill was burned. Mr. Stewart rebuilt it in 1838, putting in at that time the first patent Parker wheel used on the Hockhocking. In 1842 he added a grist mill, and in 1844 a woolen factory to the property. In 1864 he sold these mills, and in 1867 removed to the town of Athens, where he owns the old Miles or Gregory mill, and has added to it a woolen factory. Though not among the largest this factory is one of the best arranged and most complete in the country, and may challenge comparison with any of its size to be found east or west. It is capable of carding and spinning three hundred pounds of wool daily, and when the looms are all in, can make six hundred yards of cloth a day.

Mr. Stewart has been one of the most energetic and useful business men in the county. At one time he was the owner of four mills on the Hockhocking, and part of the time also cultivated five farms in Rome township, raising as high as four thousand five kundred bushels of wheat in one year. He served as justice of the peace twenty-one years, and in i860 was chosen presidential elector for this district.

Alexander Stedman^ a native of Vermont, and by profession an architect, settled in Rome township in 1804, having previously lived for nearly two years at Athens. In 1805 h^ was appointed one of the judges of the court of common pleas for Athens county and held the position for several years. Soon after coming here he married the widow Comfort Crippen. One of his sons, Eli Stedman, was a minister and somewhat celebrated as a pulpit orator. Another, Levi Stedman, was for many years a prominent citizen of this county, serving as county commissioner, etc. On the organization of Meigs county, in 18 19, he moved thither, and was one the first common pleas judges in that county. Another son, Bial, was an associate judge of Washington county. Judge Stedman was a man of excellent judgment and of commanding influence among the pioneers. Some of his descendants are still living in the county. A grandson, Frederic Stedman, was elected sheriff of the county in 1861, but left his office and entered the Union army as captain of a company of infantry.

Amos Miller^ only son of Judge Abel Miller, was born in Athens county, July 27, 1807. The early years of his life were passed on his father's farm in Canaan. At the age of sixteen he entered tfie Ohio university, and graduated in the class of 1830. In 1 83 1 he was elected sheriflF of the county, which office he held for two terms. In 1832 he was elected by the legislature a member of the board of trustees of the Ohio university, which position he has held continuously ever since.

previously purchased the Case farm), where, in 1841, he established the Miller seminary, which, from a very small beginning, has become one of the most prosperous and useful academies in this section of country. Professor Miller, though not an aged man, may be classed among the pioneers.

Captain Hopson Beebe was born in Connecticut, February 17,1 749, was a soldier of the revolutionary war, and settled in Rome township in 1804, where he resided till his death in 1836. One of his sons, the venerable Mr. Charles Beebe, now in his eighty-third year, resided on the " old farm " until quite recently. He now lives with Mrs. J. W. Johnson in this township. Doctor Wm. Beebe, another son, was an assistant surgeon in General Tupper's brigade in the war of 1 812. After the war he settled in Belpre, and practiced medicine there for the rest of his life. His son. Dr. Wm. Beebe (grandson of Captain Hopson Beebe), is now a practicing physician in Barlow, Washington county.

The youngest son, Peter Beebe, was an active and successful business man, and for several years one of the township trustees. He died in the prime of life in 1849.

remained here several years, living part of the time at the mills and part of the time on the " Case farm," which he bought and cultivated. About 1828 he sold the mills to his two sons, Thomas and John Welch, the latter of whom is further noticed in connection with Athens township.

Peter Grosvenor^ born at Pomfret, Windham county, Connecticut, January 25, 1794, removed to Athens county and settled in Rome township in May, 1838. His father. Colonel Thomas Grosvenor, served with distinction through the revolutionary war, part of the time on the staff of General Warren and of General Washington, and was wounded at the battle of Bunker Hill. Peter Grosvenor served in the war of 1812. He was 'among the first to clear up and make an improvement on the present road from the Canaan line to Federal creek, the northwestern part of Rome;, where he settled, being at that time very sparsely populated. He died September 29, 1859, ^^ ^^^ f^Ava where he first settled. Mr. Grosvenor was a man of uncompromising integrity and an excellent citizen. Four of his sons served in the Union army during the war of the rebellion. Edward Grosvenor entered as a private, and for good conduct was commissioned a captain in the 92d regiment O. V. I. He died while on the march with Sherman's army " to the sea." Daniel A. Grosvenor served as a private in the 3d Ohio regiment, and John M. served in the quartermaster's department.

Thomas Grosvenor^ a brother of Peter, settled near him in 1839. He lived in Rome about twenty years and then removed to Washington county, where he died April 9, 1867, ^^^ eighty-one years. All of his sons, five in number, enlisted in the Union army at the beginning of the war of the rebellion. Of the nine sons of the two Grosvenor families who volunteered only four lived to return.

William S. Doan came from New England to Washington county in 1806, to Athens county in 18 13, and settled in Rome about 1820. He was an industrious farmer and a good citizen. Several of his descendants now live in the township. Mr. Charles Doan is a grandson of his.

Chapter Xvii

TRIMBLE township was originally a part of Ames, from which it was stricken off and separately organized in April, 1827. It lies at the extreme northern limit of the county, on the waters of Sunday creek, the main branch of which runs, somewhat centrally, from north to south, through the township. It was named after Governor Allen Trimble, one of the early governors of Ohio.

The first settlement made in this township was by Solomon Tuttle, Sen., in 1802. He, with his son, Cyrus Tuttle, and his brother, Nial Tuttle, all from Vermont, settled on the main creek. Soon after them came Joseph McDaniel and William Morrow. Mr. Bagley, with several sons, came from Vermont and settled in 1820, on the west fork of the creek, below what is now called Hartleyville. One of his sons, William Bagley, being a clothier by trade, established a pioneer factory for dressing cloth and, in connection with it, a flour mill, the flour being bolted by hand. This was the first mill in the township, and has been kept up, with various improvements, ever since. It is now owned by Mr. Perry Zimmerman. Samuel Bagley, a tanner by trade, established the first tan yard in the township, about the year 1820.

In 1822 a school was taught by Nancy Bagley, a native of Vermont, near the forks of the creek. About 1824 a few families established a school of eight or ten scholars, which was taught by John Morrow, in a log school house without any floor. His compensation was one dollar and fifty cents a week. The school house was located on the creek between Solomon Tuttle's and James Dew's. Among the few scholars in this pioneer school was Mr. E. H. Moore, now president of the First National bank in Athens, who also taught a district school in the same place in 1832.

The Baptists, Methodists, and Christians, were the first religious societies formed in the township, and continue to be the leading organizations.

William Bagley's mill on the west fork of Sunday creek was, as before stated, the first in the township. In 1825 Jonathan Watkins built a mill at the village first known as Oxford^ but since called Trimble. It was at first only a saw mill, but, after two or three years, a grist mill was connected with it. This mill continued to be the principal one in the township till 1865, when it was destroyed by fire.

The people of this township are chiefly engaged in agriculture, and the lands are being rapidly improved. Considerable attention is given to stock growing and to the culture of tobacco. Coal of excellent quality, both bituminous and cannel, exists here in large deposits, which, as soon as it becomes accessible by branch railroads, now projected, will command the attention of capitalists. Iron ore of good quality is also found in various parts of the township, and near to large deposits of good limestone. Salt water of great strength, and thought by competent judges to be equal to any in the Hockhocking valley, has recently been found in abundance in a well bored for oil by Mr. R. J. Arnold. This well is on the Zanesville road near the northern line of the county. It is a little over one thousand feet in depth. About twenty- five years ago the Eggleston. salt works on Green's run, near the south line of the township, were operated successfully. At that time this was esteemed a valuable well, but for many years past it has not been used.

The center of population in the township is the village of Trimble, situated on section 8. It has a post office, two stores, three physicians, the requisite number of mechanics, and a population of about two hundred. v

At the first election for township officers in 1827, which was held at the house of William Bagley, James Price, James Bosworth, and Jeremiah Cass were judges of the election, and Samuel B. Johnson and Cyrus Tuttle, clerks.

Jonathan IVatkins^ Sen., came from Athens township in 1803, ^^^ settled in the lower part of Trimble, and soon after Eliphalet Wheeler settled near him. Mr.

Watkins was a blacksmith, but, like most of the early settlers, occasionally engaged in hunting. He shot a buffalo soon after settling in Trimble, and broke its fore leg. He pursued the animal, thus crippled, from Green's run in Trimble township, across Wolf plains, and over the Hockhocking some distance, but failed to capture it.

Solomon Newton^ a native of Worcester, Massachusetts, came to Athens county in 1821, and settled in Trimble in 1822. His place was on the creek about three miles below James Dew's, and, being situated on the main road between Athens and Zanesville, was formerly very well known. Mr. Newton died in 1 849.

About 18.14 James and Thomas Dew, brothers, came to Athens county with their parents, from Maryland, and made permanent settlements. James settled just

John B. Johnson^ son of Azel Johnson, one of the early settlers of Dover township, settled in Trimble as a farmer in 1820. He was the father of Mr. J. M. Johnson, recently sheriff of the county.

Chapter Xviii

THIS township was settled under the auspices of the Ohio Company in the year 1798 - about a year after the settlement of Athens and Ames. Some events connected with its history can, however, be traced back to a period nearly twenty-five years prior to that date. We have referred elsewhere to " Dunmore's war" and to the building of a fort at the mouth of the Hockhocking in 1774. When the first settlers came into Troy in 1798, the outlines of Dunmore's camping ground were plainly discernible. Over a tract containing about twenty acres young saplings and underbrush had grown up, and it had the appearance of an old clearing. For many years after this the settlers used to find, in plowing their fields, mementoes of Dunmore's army, such as hatchets, gun barrels, bullets, etc. A rusty, but tolerably well preserved sword is still to be seen (or was recently), in the college museum at Athens, which was found on the west side of the Hock- hocking near the roots of a fallen tree. Possibly in that campaign across Athens county, made nearly a century ago, it adorned the person of some young English nobleman whom love of adventure or of fame induced to accompany Lord Dunmore in his arduous march ; or, perhaps, it was wielded by the strong arm of some native son of Virginia, who, a few months later, was striking swift and manful blows for his country's independence. Whatever its history, it has long rested in silence and rust. Though it may once have " spoken for itself," it is never likely to find tongue again, and every observer is at liberty to imagine for himself who its owner was and what its history may have been.

From its position at the mouth of one river and on the banks of another, both of which were more or less frequented by the Indians, this section of country must have been very familiar to them. Perhaps for hundreds of years before the white man came hither, the light canoe of the Indian used to glide down the Hockhocking, and from its narrow channel out upon the smooth flowing waters of the Ohio.

In 1798 a company of about forty persons, including men, women and children, started from near Springfield, Massachusetts, for the west. They landed at Belpre, and from thence came in 1799 to what is now Troy township and settled on the Hockhocking about seven miles from its mouth. In this party were

Eleazur Washburn, Noah, Cyrus, and Xerxes Paulk, Horace Parsons, and Ephraim Frost with their families. Xerxes Paulk and Horace Parsons were Baptist preachers ; the latter was pastor of the first Baptist church in the township for about thirty years.

Troy, as its boundaries were originally defined by the county commissioners at their first meeting,* comprised the territory which now constitutes the townships of Orange and Olive in Meigs county, and Rome, Carthage, and Troy in Athens county. At that time the Hockhocking river was the dividing line between Athens and Washington counties, but by an act of the legislature passed February 18, 1807, ^he portion of township No. 5, range 11 (now Troy), lying east of the river, was detached from Washington and added to Athens county. The formation of Carthage township in 1 8 10 and of Rome in 181 1, and the erection of Meigs county in 1819, taking off two townships, reduced Troy to its present limits. The population of the township in 1820 was 541; in 1830 it was 459; in 1840 it was 1,056; in 1850 it was 1,421; in i860 it was 1,747. The first election for township officers was held in 1 805 at the house of Ebenezer Buckingham. Stephen Buckingham was township lister for that year. These men were the founders of the Buckingham family which, removing subsequently to Muskingum county, became celebrated for wealth and social influence.

Rome township being stricken off from Troy in 1 8 1 1 took with it many of the prominent early settlers, some of whom are noticed in Chapter XVI, as Asahel Cooley, Levi Stedman, Daniel Stewart, and others. Kingman Button, father of Mr. Samuel Button, still living in Troy, settled at the mouth of Hockhocking with his family in 1806. At that time there were only two roads in the township - one passed through the center, running from Belpre to Chillicothe, the ferry of which was kept about two and a half miles above the present site of Coolville by Xerxes Paulk ; and another from Belpre down the Ohio to the mouth of Hockhocking, thence by the ridge (through Carthage township), to Athens. About 18 15 a road was laid out from the mouth of Hockhocking up the eastern bank of the river to Federal creek, where it intersected the Federal creek road from the Ames settlement. At this early period the great majority of the emigrants to Athens county used to come down the Ohio to the mouth of Hockhocking and then ascend that river in pirogues or canoes. Kingman Button kept a number of these craft, and he and his son carried on the business of conveying emigrants and their goods up the Hockhocking. Abram Brookhart settled in Troy in 181 1, and was township trustee for several years ; Jonas Smith, who came in 18 10, was township trustee for several terms ; Silas Blizzard and Martin Griffin came in 1 8 10. The township records prior to 1837 are lost.

Among the justices of the peace prior to 1837 were Charles Devol, W. S. Cockrell, Luther Hopkins, Aaron Butts, Jacob S. Miller, Nathan Cole, Jedediah Fuller, Marcus L. Bestow, and Ferdinand Paulk.

The present population of the township, owing to the losses in war, drainage by emigration and other natural causes, is but slightly greater than it was in i860. Hockingport, at the mouth of the Hockhocking river, one of the earliest settlements in the county, gives no signs of future growth. Formerly, when the merchants of Athens, Amesville, Coolville, and other places had their goods landed at Hockingport and hauled thence to various parts of the county, the place had some activity. But since the construction of the

Marietta & Cincinnati railroad, Hockingport has been deprived of its principal source of business. A much more interesting and thriving village is Coolville, on the west bank of the Hockhocking five miles from its mouth, the settlement of which was begun in 1814 by Simeon W. Cooley and his son Heman, who built a mill there. The town was laid out in 181 8, incorporated in 1855, and its present population is about three hundred. Surrounded with a good agricultural region and an industrious population, Coolville is likely to continue one of the most pleasant villages in the

Among the earliest settlers in Troy were Benajah Hoyt, Xerxes Paulk, Joseph Guthrie, Daniel Stewart, the Barrows family, William Pilcher, Asahel Cooley, John Torrence, Oliver Rice, Cummins Porter, Stephen Buckingham, Abram Richardson, Truman Hickox, and the Frost family. Some of these are noticed in connection with Rome and Carthage. Benajah Hoyt was probably the first white settler in Troy. He came from Nova Scotia to the mouth of the Hockhocking with his family in 1797. E. H. Williams, a grandson of his, owns and resides on the lot in Hockingport on which Hoyt first built a cabin. One of Mr. Hoyt's daughters, Sarah, married Captain Charles

Devol, of Washington county. They had two sons and two daughters. Frank Devol, the oldest son, is a wealthy farmer in one of the western states. The youngest son, Prescott H. Devol, is noticed elsewhere. The eldest daughter of Mrs. Devol married Benjamin Dana of Washington county (both now deceased) ; and the youngest, Henrietta, is the wife of Mr. Samuel S. Knowles, late member of the state senate, and a well known lawyer of Marietta. Mrs. Devol is still living in Mr. Knowles' family. Among the early settlers at Coolville were the Cooleys, Jacob S. Miller and Alfred Hobby. Mr. John Frame settled here in 1833, and in 1840 commenced merchandizing and dealing in wool, grain, and country produce. Though over sixty years of age he still engages actively in business, having associated his sons with him. Dr. John Pratt, a native of Schuyler county. New York, settled in Coolville in 1835. He is now sixty-eight years of age, hale and healthy, and has practiced his profession in this community for a third of a century.

Qhapter Xix

WATERLOO was originally a part of Athens township, and was not separately organized till April, 1826. Joseph Hewitt and William Lowry were principally instrumental in securing the township organization. The name of Waterloo was suggested by General John Brown, of Athens. The first election for township officers was held April 3, 1826, at the house of Joseph Hewitt. Joseph Bullard, Abram Fee, and Silas Bingham were judges of the election, and Andrew Glass and Pardon C. Hewitt clerks. The following persons voted, viz: William Lowry, James Lowry, Joseph Hewitt, P. C. Hewitt, Ezekiel Robinett, Lemuel Robinett, Nathan Robinett, Wm. Young, Wm. Young, Jun., Silas Bingham, Andrew Glass, Joseph C. Martin, Horace Martin, Abram Fee, Joseph Bullard, John Bullard, Samuel Lowry, Jun., Abram Gabriel, Elias Gabriel, and Elias Young. The election results were as follows: William Lowry and Joseph Hewitt were elected justices of the peace ; Alexander Young, Elias Gabriel, and Silas Bingham trustees; Andrew Glass clerk; Horace Martin treasurer; William Young and Ezekiel Robinett overseers of the poor ; Joseph Lowry and Samuel Lowry fence-viewers ; William Young, Nathan Robinett, and John Bullard supervisors ; William Lowry and Joseph Hewitt constables. At this time William Lowry and Joseph Hewitt were the only two "whigs" in the township, yet they were both elected magistrates, showing that party feeling did not enter greatly into the election.

We have not the early records of justices of the peace. The following have served since 1853, viz: Robert McNeal, Pardon C. Hewitt, Hugh Boden, Elijah Lowry, and Lafayette Hawk.

The population of Waterloo has steadily increased since its organization; in 1830 it was 216; in 1840 it was 741 ; in 1850 it was 1,016; in i860 it was 1,483. The surface of the township is rough, but the soil is well adapted for agriculture, and the annual yield of cereals and of hay, and increase of live stock, afford sufficient evidence of the enterprise and thrift of the farmers of Waterloo. The township is also very rich in coal, which is already taken out in large quantities, and which will eventually be a great source of wealth. Marshfield, a thriving business station on the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad, seven miles from Athens, is the center of population. The village has about two hundred and fifty inhabitants, and does quite a business in the shipping of country produce. The Methodists have a good church here. There is the usual proportion of stores, a drug store, an excellent tannery, etc. About 1836 several families settled in Waterloo from Morgan and Muskingum counties and parts contiguous. Among these were the families of James Mayhugh, Samuel Allison, Lewis Davis, Hugh Boden, William and Joseph Johnson, Robert Cotton, Daniel McCoy, and others - all good citizens. Some of these have left the county, but descendants of most of them are still living here.

Moses Hewitt was the first white settler within the present limits of Waterloo. He settled in this township with his family about 1806, and there was not at that time another family within many miles of him. The second family was Abram Fee's, who settled on the place now owned by Mr. Warren Foster, son of Mr. Hull Foster, of Athens. The third family was that of Ezekiel Robinett, Sen., and the fourth that of Colonel William Lowry. Col. Lowry was born November 15, 1779, in Berkeley county, Virginia, and was taken when an infant with his father's family to Green county, Vir- ' ginia. He says: " That country was then a dense wilderness, infested with Indians. The settlers had to fight every summer for four years after my father moved there. At one time, my father's was the frontier house but one, and the inmates of that one were all killed by the Indians except one boy twelve years old, who made his escape. When I was eighteen years old (1797) my father removed to the northwestern territory and settled in what is now Athens county, and near the town of Athens. We came down the Ohio river to the mouth of Hockhocking, in flat-boats^ and up the Hockhocking in canoes. At that time we had to bring our breadstuff from the Ohio river, the nearest mill being a floating one at Vienna, eight miles above the mouth of

Kanawha river, on the Virginia shore. The second year after we came here, we pounded our corn on a hominy-block, took the finer part for bread and made the coarse into hominy. For meat we depended on the woods and our rifles, and always had plenty of bear, deer, and turkey meat. The first mill that I remember was built by Capt. John Hewitt, on Margaret's creek, within a mile of the mouth. It went into operation in the year 1801. I came to Waterloo, from Athens, in February, 1820. This region was all a wilderness then, there being only three families besides mine in the township. Joseph Brookson started the first grist and saw mill in Waterloo, where Newton Hewitt's saw mill now stands. There were a great many bears and deer here at that time, and wolves and panthers were also pretty numerous and very annoying." Col. Lowry is still living in Waterloo, in his seventy-ninth year.

Prominent among the citizens of Waterloo, are Mr. Jesse Jones, a native of Virginia, who settled on Little Raccoon at an early day; Mr. Hugh Boden, a native of Ireland, who settled here in 1839, ^"^ ^^^ Wvts in Marshfield ; Mr. James Mayhugh, a native of Maryland, who settled here as a farmer in 1836, and now engaged in business in Marshfield; all of whom have reared respectable families, and are highly esteemed.

Samuel Allisotiy a native of Maryland, settled here in 1836, as a farmer. He reared a large family, some of whom have been well known in the county. Mr. W. H. Allison, a son of his, now lives in Chillicothe, but owns considerable property in Athens county.

Chapter Xx

THIS township was a part of Ames until 181 1, and then, on the organization of Dover, became a part of the latter township. York was separately organized in June, 1818, and the first election for township officers was held at the house of Ebenezer Blackstone.

The township is traversed by the Hocking Valley canal, which crosses it from northeast to southwest, and has heretofore furnished an excellent outlet for the coal which is mined at and near Nelsonville in great quantities. In the vast deposits of this mineral which underlie a large part of the township, York possesses an undeveloped wealth that will reward the labor and enterprise of many generations yet to come. An active coal trade has existed at Nelsonville for several years past, which will be greatly increased by the opening of the Hocking Valley railroad, and there can be no doubt that this township will, at some future day, be the seat of great wealth and manufacturing life.

The town of Nelsonville, near the northern limit of the township, is a thrifty village, with a population of 1,700 and steadily increasing. It was laid out in June, 1 818, and named after Mr. Daniel Nelson, who owned the land on which the town is situated. The town was incorporated by act of the legislature passed in 1838. The first election for town officers was held April 27, 1839, when Charles Cable was elected mayor ; A. J. Bond recorder ; John Coe, S. M. Sheppard, John Hull, W. W. Poston, and James Rusk trustees. Luther Burt was appointed marshal of the village, and Robert Miller treasurer. James Rusk declining to serve as trustee, Thomas L. Mintun was appointed in his place. Since then the following persons have been elected mayor.

Prominent among the early citizens of York was Mr. James Knight. He was born in Pulborough, England, and emigrated to the United States when thirty-two years old, came immediately to York township, and settled here in July, 1821. He became at once thoroughly identified with the interests of the township.

and especially of Nelsonville, and during his residence here was one of the most active and influential citizens, participating earnestly in the local improvements and social movements of the day, such as the building of bridges, school and meeting houses, the establishment of Sunday and day schools, etc. He kept public house in Nelsonville for many years, and was very assiduous in imparting information about the Hockhocking valley to travelers. He aided largely in the construction of the first bridge over the Hockhocking, at Nelsonville, in 1827, and also in the erection of a second one in 1832, and of the bridge across Monday creek, three miles below Nelsonville, in 1832. These bridges were mainly built on individual subscriptions, paid, in many instances, in grain and labory and the original subscription papers, with the plans of the work and the written contracts therefor, were found in complete order among Mr. Knight's papers after his death.

In 1832 he prepared, by request, a circular calling attention to the importance of an immediate improvement of the Hockhocking valley by a cartal from Lancaster to the Ohio river, which was sent to leading men throughout southern Ohio, and which contributed much toward the chartering of the "Hocking Valley canal " in the spring of 1839 and its construction soon after. Mr. Knight died August 26, 1836, aged fortyseven years. The following memoranda are in his handwriting :

^^ Captain Hale, with Samuel Older, wife and eight children ; Thomas Older, William Thaire, wife and children ; James Smart, wife and two children ; William Saunders, wife and four children ; Barberry, wife and children ; George Tribe and wife ; George Hook and Ned Smithers arrived at Nelsonville July 30th, 1832, at II o'clock in the forenoon.

*' Peter Smithers and wife and children at Pittsburg. Charles Southerton, wife and children at Sunday creek. Howick, ditto. Captain Hale stayed fifteen days at Nelsonville. GrafFham and family arrived August 21st, 1832. Miss Courtauld arrived November 20, 1834."

L. D. Poston was born in Hampshire county, Virginia, March 29, 18 12, and came to Athens county in September, 1830. For about two years after coming here he worked out by the month, then engaged in buying and selling cattle till October, 1835, when he settled in Nelsonville in the mercantile business. The letter of credit, on which he purchased his first stock of goods, was given him by J. N. and J. H. Norton, and Ezra and William Stewart of Athens. In 1852 Mr. Poston began extensive coal operations which he still continues, owning some of the most valuable coal lands and mines in the township. He is a man of strict int^rity, fine business capacity, and an excellent citizen. By his own efforts and attention to business he has become one of the wealthiest men in the county.

Samuel Robbins was one of the early settlers of York. He was born in Massachusetts in 1771, came to Athens county in 18 19, and to Nelsonville in 1822, where he lived the rest of his life. He built and carried on the first tannery in this part of the county. He died September 21, 1832. His descendants are mostly living in York.

Solomon Roberts^ a native of New York, came to Athens county in 18 19 and settled in Nelsonville in March, 1821. He found here less than half a dozen cabins and one frame house. Coal was not known to exist about Nelsonville for several years after this date. Mr. Roberts being a blacksmith got his coal from Minker's run and Monday creek, for some time after he canie here. Prior to the opening of the canal, samples of the Nelsonville coal were sent in wagons to Lancaster, Circleville, and other towns for blacksmithing, and its quality fully tested and approved. Mr. Roberts and his son, Mr. W. P. Roberts, are well known in Nelsonville.

Lewis Steenrod was born in a block house at Wheeling, Virginia, in June, 1791, came to Ohio in 1805, and resided in Muskingum county about eight miles east of Zanesville for over forty years. In 1850 he removed with his family to Nelsonville where he died December 10, i860. "Father" Steenrod, as he was called, was a man of benevolent heart and gentle life. He was a member of the Baptist church, having united with that organization in 1812. Some of his descendants remain in the county.

Appendix

July 23, 1787. - The report of a committee, consisting of Mr. Carrington, Mr. King, Mr. Dane, Mr. Madison and Mr. Benson, amended to read as follows, viz :

That the Board of Treasury be authorized and empowered to contract with any person or persons for a grant of a tract of land, which shall be bounded by the Ohio, from the mouth of the Scioto to the intersection of the western boundary of the tenth township from the Ohio ; thence by a due west line to Scioto ; thence by the Scioto to the beginning, upon the following terms, to wit : The tract to be surveyed and its contents ascertained by the geographer, or some other officer of the United States, who shall plainly mark the said east and west line, and shall render one complete plat to the Board of Treasury, and another to the purchaser or purchasers. The purchaser or purchasers, within seven years from the completion of this work, to lay off the whole tract, at their own expense, into townships and fractional parts of townships, and to divide the (S5«) same into lots, according to the land ordinance of the 20th of May, 1785; complete returns whereof to be made to the Treasury Board. The lot No. 16 in each township, or fractional part of a township, to be given perpetually for the purposes contained in the said ordinance. The lot No. 29 in each township, or fractional part of a township, to be given perpetually for the purposes of religion. The lots Nos. 8, 1 1 and 26, in each township, or fractional part of a township, to be reserved for the future disposition of congress. Not more than two complete townships to be given perpetually for the purposes of an university, to be laid off by the purchaser or purchasers, as near the centre as may be (so that the same shall be of good land), to be applied to the intended object by the Legislature of the State. The price to be not less than one dollar per acre for the contents of the said tract, excepting the reservations and gifts aforesaid, payable in specie, loan-ofEce certificates reduced to specie value, or certificates of liquidated debts of the U. States, liable to a reduction by an allowance for bad land, and all incidental charges and circumstances whatever ; provided^ that all such allowance shall not exceed, in the whole, one-third of a dollar per acre. And, in making payment, the principal only of the said certificates shall be admitted, and the Board of Treasury, for such interest as may be due on the certificates rendered in payment as aforesaid, prior to January i, 1786, shall issue indents for interest to the possessors, which shall be receivable in payment as other indents for interest, of the existing requisitions of congress ; and for such interest as may be due on the said certificates, between that period and the period of payment, the said Board shall issue indents, the payment of which to be provided for in future requisitions or otherwise. Such of the purchasers as may possess rights for bounties of land to the late army, to be permitted to render the same in discharge of the contract, acre for acre ; provided^ that the aggregate of such rights shall not exceed one-seventh part of the land to be paid for ; and provided further ^ that there shall be no future claim against the United States on account of the said rights. Not less than 500,000 dollars of the purchase money to be paid down upon closing the contract, and the remainder upon the completion of the work to be performed by the geographer, or other officer, on the part of the United States. Good and sufficient security to be given by the purchaser or purchasers for the completion of the contract on his or their part. The grant to be made upon the full payment of the consideration money, and a right of entry and occupancy to be acquired immediately, for so much of the tract as shall be agreed upon between the Board of Treasury and the purchasers.

" We observe, by the act of the 23d instant, that your honorable Board is authorized to enter into a contract for the sale of a tract of land therein described, on certain conditions expressed in the act. As we suppose this measure has been adopted in consequence of proposals made by us, in behalf of ourselves and associates, to a Committee of Congress, we beg leave to inform you that we are ready to enter into a contract for the purchase of the lands described in the act ; provided^ you can conceive yourselves authorized to admit of the following conditions, which in some degree vary from the report of the committee, viz :

The subordinate surveys shall be completed as mentioned in the act, unless the frequency of Indian irruptions may render the same impracticable without a heavy expense to the company.

The mode of payment we propose is half a million of dollars when the contract is executed ; another half million when the tract, as described, is surveyed by the proper officer of the United States ; and the remainder in six equal payments, computed from the day of the second payment.

The lands assigned for the establishment of an university to be as nearly as possible in the centre of the first million and a half of acres we shall pay for; for to fix it in the centre of the proposed purchase, might too long defer the establishment.

When the second payment is made, the purchasers shall receive a deed for as great a quantity of land as a million of dollars will pay for at the price agreed on ; after which we will agree not to receive any further deeds for any of the lands purchased, only at such periods and on such conditions as may be agreed on betwixt the Board and the purchasers.

As to the security, which the act says shall be good and sufficient, we are unable to determine what those terms may mean in the contemplation of Congress, or of your honorable Board ; we shall, therefore, only observe that our private fortunes, and that of most of our associates, being embarked in the support of the purchase, it is not possible for us to offer any adequate security but that of the land itself, as is usual in great land purchases.

We will agree so to regulate the contracts that we shall never be entitled to a right of entry or occupancy but on the lands actually paid for, nor receive any deeds till our payments amount to a million of dollars, and then only in proportion to such payment. The advance we shall always be under without any formal deed, together with the improvements made on the lands will, we presume, be ample security, even if it was not the interest as well as the disposition of the company, to lay the foundation of their establishment on a sacred regard to the rights of property.

^^July 27, 1787. - Ordered^ That the above letter, from Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent, to the Board of Treasury, containing proposals for the purchase of a tract of land, described in the act of Congress of the 23d instant, be referred to the Board of Treasury to take order ; provided^ that after the date of the second payment therein proposed to be made, the residue shall be paid in six equal and half yearly instalments, until the whole thereof shall be completed, and that the purchasers stipulate to pay interest on the sums due, from the completion of the survey to be performed by the geographer."

"The contract of the Ohio Company with the Honorable Board of Treasury of the United States of America, made by the Rev. Mr. Manasseh Cutler and Major fVinthrop Sargent^ as

'' This Indenture, made the 27th day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, between Samuel Osgood^ Walter Livingston and Arthur Lee^ Esquires, (the Board of Treasury for the United States of America), acting by and under the authority of the Honorable, the Congress of the said States of the one part, and Manasseh Cutler and fVinthrop Sargenty both of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as Agents for the Directors of the Ohio Company of associates, so called, of the other part : Whereas, the Congress of the United States aforesaid, in and by their several resolutions and votes of the twenty-third and twenty-seventh days of July last past, did authorize and empower the Board of Treasury aforesaid to contract with any person or persons for a grant of the tract of land in the said resolutions mentioned, upon such terms and conditions, for such considerations and under such reservations, as in the said resolutions is expressed. And, whereas, by virtue and in consequence of the said resolutions and votes, the said parties of the first part have contracted and agreed with the parties of the second part, agents as aforesaid, for a grant of the tract of land hereinafter mentioned.

NoWy therefore^ this indenture witnessethy That the said parties of the first part, in order to carry their said agreement, as far as possible, into effect, and for and in consideration of the sum of five hundred thousand dollars well and truly paid into the Treasury of the said United States by the said parties of the second part, before the ensealing and delivery of these presents, the receipt whereof the said Board of Treasury do hereby acknowledge, and do hereby, on the behalf of the said United States, acquit, release, exonerate and forever discharge the said parties of the second part, and the said Ohio Company of associates and every of them, their and every of their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns forever, by these presents ; and also in consideration of the further sum of five hundred thousand dol- lars, secured to be paid as hereinafter is mentioned, have, in behalf of the said Uhitcd States and the Congress thereof, covenanted and agreed, and do hereby covenant and agree, to and vtrith the said parties of the second part, their heirs and assigns, that within one month of the payment of the said last-mentioned sum of five hundred thousand dollars, in the manner hereinafter prescribed, a full and ample grant and conveyance shall be executed, in due form of law, under the seal of the said United States, whereby the people of the said United States or the Congress thereof, or such officer or officers as shall be duly authorized for that purpose, shall grant, convey and assure to the said parties of the second part^ their heirs and assigns forever (as agents to the Directors of, and in trust for the persons composing the said Ohio Company of associates, according to their several rights and interests under the said association), and to their heirs and assigns forever, as tenants in common, in fee simple, all that certain tract or parcel of land. Beginning at the place where the western boundary line of the seventh range of townships, laid out by the authority of Congress, intersects the Ohio, and extending thence along that river south-westwardly, to the place whqre the western line of the seventeenth range of townships, to be laid out according to the land ordinance of the 20th May, 1785, would intersect the said river, and extending thence northerly on the western boundary line of the said seventeenth range of townships, so far that a line drawn due east to the western boundary line of the said seventh range of townships will, with the other lines of this tract, include one million and a half of acres, of land, l)esides the several townships, lots and parcels of land hereinafter mentioned, to be reserved or appropriated to specific purposes ; thence running east to the western bounds of the said seventh range of townships, and thence southerly along those bounds to the place of beginning ; with the rights, members and appurtenances thereof; which said tract of land shall be surveyed by the geographer or some other officer of the said United States, to be authorized for that purpose, who shall plainly mark the said east and west line, and shall ren- der one complete map or plat of the said tract to the Board of Treasury of the United States, for the time being, or such other person as Congress may appoint, and another plat or map thereof to the said parties of the second part, their heirs or assigns. Provided^ alwaySy and it is hereby expressly stipulated^ That in the said grant, so to be executed as aforesaid, a proper clause or clauses shall or may be inserted for the purpose of reserving in each township, or factional part of a township, which, upon such surveys as hereinafter are mentioned, shall fall within the bounds of the tract, so to be granted as aforesaid, lot number sixteen, for the purposes mentioned in the said ordinance of the 20th of May, 1785; lot number twenty-nine to be appropriated to the purposes of religion ; and lots number eight, eleven and twentysix for the use, and subject to the disposition of the Congress of the United States ; and also reserving out of the said tract so to be granted, two complete townships to be given perpetually for the purposes of an university, to be laid off by the said parties of the second part, their heirs or assigns, as near the center as may be, so the same shall be of good land^ to be applied to the intended object in such manner as the Legislature of the State wherein the said townships shall fall, or may be situated, shall or may think proper to direct. And the said parties of the second part do hereby for themselves, and the Directors, and Ohio Company of associates aforesaid, and every of them, and their and every of their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, covenant and grant to, and with the said parties of the first part, their heirs, executors and administrators (acting, as aforesaid, for and on behalf of the the United States, by virtue of the authority so as aforesaid to them delegated and assigned), that within the space of seven years, from and after the outlines of the said tract shall have been so, as aforesaid, run out by the geographer, or other officer of the United States to be for that purpose appointed, and the plat thereof given as aforesaid, (if they are not prevented by incursions or opposition from the savages, or if they are so prevented, then as soon as the same can be conveniently thereafter accomplished,) the said Directors and Ohio Company of associates, or some of them, their or some of their heirs or assigns shall and will cause the said tract of land to be surveyed, laid out and divided into townships, and fractional parts of townships, and also subdivided into lots, according to the directions and provisions of the land ordinance of the 20th of May, 1785, issued by Congress, and shall and will make or cause to be made, complete returns of divisions and subdivisions to the Treasury Board of the United States, for the time being, or such other person or persons as Congress shall or may appoint. And, also, shall and will, within one month after the outlines of the said tract shall have been so, as aforesaid, surveyed, well and truly pay, or cause to be paid into the Treasury of the said United States, the sum of five hundred thousand dollars in gold or silver, or in securities of the said United States, without fraud or further delay. And, inasmuch as it was the true intent and meaning of the said parties to these presents and of the Congress of the United States, that the said Ohio Company of associates should immediately cultivate, if they thought proper, a part of the said tract of land, proportionable to the payment which they have so, as aforesaid, already made ; and should have full security for the undisturbed enjoyment of the same. Now^ this indenture further witnesseth^ That the said parties of the first part, by virtue of the power and authority to them given by Congress as aforesaid, have covenanted, promised and agreed, and do hereby covenant, promise and agree to and with the said parties of the second part, their heirs and assigns, that it shall and may be lawful for the said Ohio Company of associates, so called, their heirs and assigns, to enter upon, take possession of, cultivate and improve, at their pleasure, all that certain tract or parcel of land, part of the tract hereinbefore described : Beginning at the place where the western boundary line of the said seventh range of townships intersects the Ohio, thence extending along that river southwesterly to the place where the western boundary line of the fifteenth range of townships, when laid out agreeable to the ordinance aforesaid, would touch the said river ; thence running northerly on the western bounds of the said fifteenth range of townships, till a line drawn due east, the western boundary line of the said seventh range of townships will comprehend, with the other boundary lines of this tract, seven hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, besides the several lots and parcels of lands hereinafter mentioned to be reserved or appropriated to particular purposes ; thence running east to the western boundary line of the said seventh range of townships, and thence along the said line to the place of beginning ; with the rights, members and appurtenances thereof, according to the terms of the said association. Reserving, always, and excepting out of the said tract last mentioned, and the permission to cultivate the same in each township and fractional part of a township which shall fall within the same, according to the land ordinance hereinbefore mentioned, lot number sixteen, for the purposes specified in the said ordinance ; lot number twenty-nine for the purposes of religion ; lots number eight, eleven and twenty-six subject to the disposition of the Congress of the United States, and also reserving and excepting two complete townships for the purposes of an university, to be laid off in the manner hereinbefore mentioned, and to be applied in such manner to that object as the Legislature of the State wherein the said townships shall fall, or be situated, shall or may think proper or direct. And the said parties of the first part do hereby, for and on behalf of the said United States, promise and agree to and with the said parties of the second part, their heirs and assigns, that the said Ohio Company of associates, their heirs and assigns, shall and may, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, freely and peaceably hold and enjoy the said last-mentioned tract of land, except the said lots and parcels of land and townships so, as aforesaid, excepted ; Provided^ that the covenants and agreements hereinbefore contained on the part of the said parties of the second part are observed, performed and fulfilled. And the said parties of the first part do hereby pledge the faith of the United States to the said parties of the second part, their heirs and assigns, and to the said Ohio Company of asso- ciates, so-called, for the performance of all the grants, promises and agreements hereinbefore contained, which, on the part of the said parties of the first part, or of the said States, are or ought to be kept and performed.

In witness whereof^ the parties to these presents have interchangeably set their hands and seals, and the said parties of the first part have caused their seal of office to be hereunto affixed, the day and year first hereinbefore mentioned.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled^ That a certain contract expressed in an indenture executed on the 27th day of October, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eightyseven, bptween the then Board of Treasury for the United States of America, of the one part, and Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent, as Agents for the Directors of the Ohio Company of Associates, of the other part, so far as the same respects the following described tract of land, that is to say ; '* Beginning at a station where the Western boundary line of the seventh range of townships, laid out by the authority of the United States in Congress assembled, intersects the river Ohio ; thence, extending along that river. South-westerly, to a place where the Western boundary line of the fifteenth range of townships, when laid out agreeably to the land ordinance passed the twentieth of May, one thousand seven hundred and eightyfive, would touch the said river ; thence running Northerly on the said Western bound of the said fifteenth range of townships, till a line drawn due East to the Western boundary line of the said seventh range of townships, will comprehend with the other lines of this tract, seven hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, besides the several lots and parcels of land in the said contract reserved or appropriated to particular purposes ; thence running East, to the Western boundary line of the said seventh range of townships, and thence, along the said line to the place of beginning," be, and the same is hereby, confirmed : And that the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized and empowered to issue letters patent, in the name and under the seal of the United States, hereby granting and conveying to Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver, and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and assigns, in fee simple, the said described tract of land, with the reservation in the said indenture expressed, in trust for the persons composing the said Ohio Company of Associates, according to their several rights and interests, and for their heirs and assigns, as tenants in common.

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted^ That the President be, and he hereby is, further authorized and empowered, by letters patent as aforesaid, to grant and convey to the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and assigns, in trust, for the uses above expressed, one other tract, of two hundred and fourteen thousand two hundred and eighty-five acres of land. Provided^ That Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, or either of them, shall deliver to the Secretary of the Treasury, within six months, warrants which issued for army bounty rights sufficient for that purpose, according to the pro* vison of a resolve of Congress of the twenty-third day of July, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven.

Sec. 3. And be it further enacted^ That the President be, and he hereby is, further authorized and empowered, by letters patent as aforesaid, to grant and convey to the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and assigns, in fee simple, in trust for the uses above expressed, a farther quantity of one hundred thousand acres of land. Provided always nevertheless^ That the said grant of one hundred thousand acres shall be made on the express condition of becoming void, for such part thereof as the said Company shall not have, within five years from the passing of this act, conveyed in fee simple, as a bounty, and free of expense, in tracts of one hundred acres to each male person, not less than eighteen years of age, being an actual settler at the time of such conveyance.

Sec 4. And be it further enacted^ That the said quantities of two hundred and fourteen thousand two hundred and eightyfive acres, and of one hundred thousand acres, shall be located within the limits of the tract of one million five hundred thousand acres of land, described in the indenture aforesaid, and adjoining to the tract of land described in the first section of this act, and in such form as the President^ in the letters patent, shall prescribe for that purpose. Approved, April 21, 1792.

Know ye, that in pursuance of the act entitled ^^ An Act authorizing the grant and conveyance of certain lands to the Ohio Company of Associates," I do hereby grant and convey to Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and assigns forever, the following described tract of land, that is to say, beginning at a station or point where the Western boundary line of the seventh range of Townships laid out by the authority of the United States in Congress assembled intersects the River Ohio, thence extending along that river Southwesterly to a place where the Western boundary line of the fifteenth range of Townships when laid out agreeably to the land ordinance passed the twentieth day of May one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, would touch the said river: Thence running Northerly on the said Western boundary of the said fifteenth range of Townships till a line drawn due East to the Western boundary line of the said seventh range of Townships will comprehend with the other lines of this tract herein specified and described, seven hundred and fifty thousand acres of land beside the several lots and parcels of land in a certain contract executed on the twentyseventh day of October, one thousand seven hundred and eightyseven between the then Board of Treasury for the United States of America of the one part, and Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop

Sargent as Agents for the Directors of the Ohio Company of Associates of the other part, reserved or appropriated to particular purposes : Thence running East to the Western boundary line of the said seventh range of Townships, and thence along the said line to the place of beginning, which said tract contains as computed nine hundred and thirteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-three acres, subject however to the reservations expressed in an Indenture, executed on the twenty-seventh day of October, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eightyseven, between the then Board of Treasury for the United States of America of the one part, and Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent agents for the Directors of the Ohio Company of Associates of the other part :

To have and hold the said described tract of land with the reservations aforesaid in the said Indenture so expressed as aforesaid, to the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and asssigns forever, in trust for the persons composing the said Ohio Company of Associates, according to their several rights and interests, and for their heirs and assigns as tenants in common, hereby willing and directing these letters to be made patent.

Given under my hand and the seal of the United States at the city of Philadelphia this tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two and of Independence the sixteenth.

Whereas, it hath been duly certified to me by the Secretary of the Treasury, in pursuance of the Act entitled '*An Act authorizing the grant and conveyance of certain lands to the Ohio Company of Associates/' that Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, have delivered to him warrants which issued for army bounty rights, sufficient for the purposes of the grant and conveyance of two hundred and fourteen thousand two hundred and eighty-five acres of land, in the second section of the above recited act mentioned according to the provision of a resolve of Congress of the twenty-third day of July, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven. Now, know ye, that by virtue of the above recited act, I do hereby grant and convey to the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and assigns, one tract of land, containing two hundred and fourteen thousand two hundred and eighty- five acres, to be located within the limits of the tract of one million five hundred thousand acres described in an Indenture executed on the twenty-seventh day of October, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, between the then Board of Treasury for the United States of America of the one part, and Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent as agents for the Directors of the Ohio Company of

Associates, of the other part, and adjoining to the tract of land, described in the first section of the above recited act, and in the form herein prescribed, as follows:

Beginning on a line that has been surveyed and marked by Israel Ludlow (a plat or map whereof is filed in the office of the Secretary of the Treasury) as for the North Boundary line of a tract of one million five hundred thousand acres expressed in an Indenture executed on the twenty-seventh day of October, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, between the then Board of Treasury for the United States of America, of the one part, and Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent, of the other part, at a point which is and shall be established to be the North-west corner of a tract of one hundred thousand acres granted to the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, by letters patent bearing even date with these presents : Thence running westerly on the said line surveyed and marked as aforesaid to a point where the said line would intersect the West boundary line of the eleventh range of townships if laid out agreeably to the land Ordinance passed the twentieth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five : Thence running South on the said Western boundary of the said eleventh range of townships if laid out as aforesaid, till it would intersect a westerly continuation of the North boundary line of the third township of the seventh range of townships surveyed by the authority of the United States of America in Congress assembled : Thence running on a further Westerly continuation of the said North boundary line of the said third township to a point, station, or place where the Western boundary line of the sixteenth range of townships would intersect or meet the same, if laid out agreeably to the land Ordinance aforesaid : Thence running South on the said Western boundary line of the sixteenth range of townships if laid out as aforesaid, to a point, station, or place from which a line drawn due East to the West boundary line of a tract of Nine hundred and thirteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-three acres, granted to Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, by letters patent bearing even date with these presents, will, with the other lines of this tract as herein specified and described, comprehend Two hundred and fourteen thousand two hundred and eighty-five acres : Thence running due East to the Western boundary line of the said tract of Nine hundred and thirteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-three acres : Thence running Northerly on the said Western boundary line to the North-west corner of the said last mentioned tract : Thence running Easterly on the Northern boundary of the said last mentioned tract to the point where the same is touched or intersected by the Western boundary of the aforesaid tract of One hundred thousand acres : Thence Northerly on the said Western boundary of the said last mentioned tract to the place of beginning.

To have and to hold the aforesaid tract of two hundred and fourteen thousand two hundred and eighty-five acres of land to the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and assigns, in trust for the persons composing the said Ohio Company of Associates, according to their several rights and interests, and for their heirs and assigns as tenants in common, hereby willing and directing these letters to be made patent.

Given under my hand and the Seal of the United States at the city of Philadelphia, this tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, and of Independence the sixteenth.

Know ye, that in pursuance of the Act intituled "An Act authorizing the grant and conveyance of certain lands to the Ohio Company of Associates" I do hereby grant and convey to Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green, and to their heirs and assigns forever, one hundred thousand acres of land to be located within the limits of the tract of one million five hundred thousand acres of land, described in an indenture executed on the twenty-seventh day of October in the year one thousand seven hundred and eightyseven, between the then Board of Treasury for the United States of America, of the one part, and Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent, as Agents for the Directors of the Ohio Company of Associates, of the other part, and adjoining to the tract of land described in the first section of the above recited act, and in the form herein prescribed, as follows : Beginning on the Western boundary line of the seventh range of Townships laid out by the authority of the United States in Congress assembled, at a point which is and shall be established to be the North-east corner of a certain tract of land containing as computed nine hundred and thirteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-three acres by letters patent bearing even date with these presents granted to the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver, and Griffin Green : Thence running Northerly on the said Western boundary of the said seventh range of Town- ships to a point or station that has been fixed (pursuant to a survey made by Israel Ludlow^ a plat or map whereof is filed in the office of the Secretary of the Treasury) as the North-east corner of a tract of one million five hundred thousand acres, described in an Indenture executed on the twenty-seventh day of October, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, between the then Board of Treasury for the United States of America, of the one part, and Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent, of the other part : Thence running Westerly on the Northern boundary line of the said tract of one million five hundred thousand acres as surveyed and marked by the said Israel Ludlow to a point from which a line drawn South to the Northern boundary line of the said tract of Nine hundred and thirteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-three acres, will, with the other lines of this tract herein specified and described comprehend one hundred thousand acres : Thence running South to the said Northern boundary line, and thence due East on the said Northern line to the place of beginning.

To have and to hold the said one hundred thousand acres of land to the said Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver and Griffin Green and to their heirs and assigns forever, in trust for the persons composing the said Ohio Company of Associates according to their several rights and interests, and for their heirs and assigns as tenants in common.

Provided always nevertheless^ that this grant is made on the express condition of becoming void for such part thereof as the said Company shall not have within five years from the passing of the above recited Act, to-wit : from the twenty-first day of April, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, conveyed in fee simple as a bounty, and free of expense, in tracts of one hundred acres to each male person not less than eighteen years of age, being an actual settler at the time of such conveyance. And I do moreover will and direct these letters to be made patent.

Charge

By the Rev. Dr. Manasseh Cutlery at the ordination of Rev. Wm. Story y pastor of the church at Marietta. Given at Hamiltony Massachusetts y August 15M, 1798. [Mr. Story was the first Congregational minister who preached west of the mountains.]

You are now, sir, by the laying on of hands and solemn prayer to God, set apart to the work of the gospel ministry. To your special care and charge are committed the Church and the Christian Society at Marietta, by whose express desire you are ordained their pastor. In the name of the great Head of the Church, we most solemnly charge you to be a faithful minister of the gospel. Take heed to the ministry which you have received, and fulfill it. Preach the word in its purity and simplicity. Let the most interesting truths contained in the oracles of God be the leading subject of your public discourses. Apply yourself with zeal and industry to the duties of your office. Improve the talent you have received, and bring to the people the beaten oil of the Sanctuary. Shun not to declare the whole counsel of God. As a wise instructor, teach every man. As a true watchman, warn every man. As a faithful shepherd, feed, in all seasons, the flock of God ; feed Christ's sheep ; feed his lambs. You are engaged in the work of the ministry at a time when infidelity is openly professed - when it is propagated with artful industry. Attend to the internal and external evidences of divine revelation, and be always ready with those substantial arguments in support of the authenticity of the scriptures, which will silence gainsayers and evince the reasonableness of the Christian faith. My Brother, take heed to yourself. Instruct your people by your own example. Live the religion you recommend to them. Let it be your concern that the temper of your mind, as well as the tenor of your conduct, accord with the spirit of the gospel. Feel your dependence, and by ardent and daily supplications look to Heaven for divine influence. In the course of your services at the altar of God, you are to administer the sacraments of the new testament, baptism, and the Lord's supper, to all proper subjects, making the word of God your rule, and strictly adhering to the sacred institutions. You are to preside in the government of the Church with prudence and firmness. You are to dispense the discipline of God's house with faithfulness and impartiality. You are now, sir, vested with power to ordain and separate others to the work of the ministry. In the new and extended country where you are to labor, we hope there will be frequent occasions for the exercise of this part of the ministerial office. We must give it in solemn charge, that you commit this trust to faithful men; to such as are able to teach others; to men whose acquirements and whose characters will not be a reproach to the ministry. Remember you are to lay hands suddenly on no man. To see the many new societies, now forming in your vicinity, supplied with able and faithful ministers, must be an object near your heart. It is, in every view, highly important to them, for it intimately concerns their political and social, as well as their spiritual and eternal interests. There is no description of men capable of doing more in promoting the peace, order, and real prosperity of an infant country, than wise, active and faithful ministers. May it never be forgotten that an unlearned, unskillful and immoral ministry is one of the greatest evils that can befall the Church of God. Sensible that to you the care of souls is committed^ you will watch for them as one that must give an account. In the course of your ministry you are to expect to meet with trials and discouragements of different kinds. Providence has cast your lot among a people collected from various parts of the world, bringing with them the sentiments, habits and manners they had previously contracted. Difficult must be the task of rendering yourself useful and acceptable to them all, while you faithfully discharge the duties of your office. To engage their attention, you must endeavor to acquire their confidence. To recommend religion and illustrate its tendency, you must persevere in a constant solicitude to promote their best good. Prudence will be indispensably requisite, and without it every other qualification will be of little avail. You need the wisdom of the serpent and the innocence of the dove. From the assiduous exertions of the people of your charge to obtain and enjoy the stated ministrations of the gospel, and the pleasing unanimity and affection with which they have elected you to be their pastor, after a probationary trial of more than eight years, you must derive the encouraging hope of their cheerful concurrence . in rendering your labors agreeable and successful. May you, on your return to them, be received as an ascension gift of our blessed Lord. You have the honor, sir, to be the first regularly ordained and settled minister of the Congregational denomination in that extensive country westward of the Allegheny mountains. We, who are convinced that this denomination is most conformable to the sacred scriptures, and from long experience think it most consistent with the rights of conscience and religious liberty ; most congenial with our national government, and most friendly to those numerous municipal advantages which well formed christian societies endeavor to promote, feel much satisfaction in seeing it transplanted into that growing country. You, sir, are going to a country favorable to a high degree of population, which is capable of supporting, and probably will one day, contain inhabitants as numerous as those of the Atlantic states. You are entering on an active scene, and the noblest motives to exertion will continually present themselves to your view. To behold a country which was lately, very lately, a howling wilderness, the gloomy abodes of numerous savage tribes, the haunts and lurking places of the cruel invaders of defenseless frontiers, regardless of age and sex, sporting with the agonies of captives, while expiring under their infernal tortures. A people ignorant of the True God, and devoted to their heathen rites and barbarous superstitions. To see this country so rapidly changing into cultured fields, inhabited by civil and well regulated societies, peaceably enjoying the fruits of their enterprise, industry, culture and commerce, to bear the voice of plenty, urbanity and social enjoyment, above all, to see it illumed by the pure and benevolent religion of the gospel, enjoyed in all its regular ministrations and divine ordinances. To behold scenes and events like these, my Brother, are not merely pleasing contemplations, they are animating motives to zeal and activity in your ministerial labors. It would have afforded great additional happiness to have seen these savage tribes' converted to the christian faith. But it gives much satis&ction, and may prepare the way for the introduction of the gospel among them, that a peace, wise and just in its principles, and which promises a permanent duration, has been concluded with them. Government having fairly and honorably purchased of them their right to the soil, they are quietly retreating into distant parts of the wilderness. I can not forbear reminding you, my dear sir, that on the very ground where you are statedly to dispense the gospel, you behold those ancient ruins, those extended walls and elevated mounds which were erected many ages ago. These works must have required, for years, the labors of thousands, and are certain indications that vast numbers of the natives once inhabited this place. When these antiquities are minutely examined, they induce belief that part of them, at least, are the monuments of ancient superstition.

Their temples and their idols were probably placed on the elevated square mounds, where the ceremonies of their gloomy heathenish devotions were performed. On these mounds, in all probability, numerous human sacrifices have been offered. May we adore Providence^ which is now planting on this memorable spot, the evangelical religion of Jesus. Here may it be permanently established, and may its benign influence be extended throughout every part of the American world. Here may you, sir, be long continued a &ithful and successful minister. In contempbting the magnitude and importance of the work to which you are this day solemnly consecrated, w^ll may you ask : Who is sufficient for these things? Trust not in your own strength, but in Him whose grace is sufficient for you. Feel the influence not merely of those local considerations which your particular situation so naturally suggests, but of those great truths and momentous concerns which the gospel will continually present to your view. You are now about to take your leave, probably a final leave, of your nearest connections. May the painful hour of parting with them be cheered by the reflection that you are going on a great and useful, an honorable and glorious errand - ^a work which holy angels would, with pleasure, perform. Those benevolent spirits who sang praises to God in the highest, because there was on earth peace and good will toward men, would cheerfully be employed in turning men from the error of their ways and saving souls from death.

In the spring of 1801, being then about nineteen years old, I left Marietta, in company with a friend, to join my father's family at Athens. Marietta, at that time the largest town in the northwestern territory, had a population of about five hundred. Leaving the town behind us, and crossing an open common bordering *' Point Harmar," our course led directly into the dense forest. We traveled on horseback. The rough and difficult road, which was a mere bridle-path, winding over steep hills and through interlying valleys, was skirted on either side by a wilderness, hardly broken by a few log cabins all the way from Marietta to Middletown, as Athens was then generally called. At Amesville, even then celebrated for its thrifty and intelligent population, the names of some of whom are still preserved among the best citizens of the county, we stopped to refresh ourselves and animals, and were most hospitably entertained. Pursuing our way through the still unending forest, we reached, about sunset, the summit of the river hill overlooking the plateau where the site of the town of Athens had been fixed. A few log cabins dotted the scene before us; but, for the most part, the soil was thickly covered with beech, maple, and enormous poplar trees. My father occupied one of the log cabins. Here we soon arrived and were warmly welcomed, and here, for some years afterward, was my home. Among the leading citizens of the future county at this time, I remember Josiah True, Solomon Tuttle, Daniel Weethee, the Rev. Mr. Pugsley,