Butler Township (part 1 of 3)

Butler Township

This township lies upon the north border of the county, west of the centre, and is township 16, in the fourth range. It is bounded on the north by Goshen and Perry townships, on the east by Salem and Perry, on the south by Hanover, on the west by Knox, and contains an area of thirty-two square miles. Its surface is mostly hilly upland, covered with fertile farms and dotted with woodlands, which still retain much of their primitive wildness. The soil is chiefly a sandy loam, and is well adapted to the raising of grain and small fruits, to the latter of which much attention is given. The principal streams in the western part of the township are tributaries of the1 Mahoning. One branch rises in the north part of the township and flows southwesterly through the valley to the west line of the township ; another rises near the middle of the township's south line, in the lower range of sections, and flows northwesterly, uniting with the first-named branch at the west line of the township, on section 19.

A branch of the west fork of Little Beaver Creek rises on section 22, in the eastern portion of the township, flows a little east of south through Winona, and passes out of the township one and a quarter miles west of the southeast corner.

Cold Bun rises near the south line of Perry township, flows southerly, and leaves the township a short distance north of the southeast corner.

Early Settlements

William Whinnery entered section 27 in 1800 or 1801, and settled with his family on the southwest quarter in 1806. He had sons, - Kobert, John, Thomas, James, William, and Zimri. John, then a single man, came in advance of the family, and, having no means for baking, traveled four miles to the house of his nearest neighbor, John Schooley, where his loaves were baked.

Mr. Whinnery divided the section among his sons, giving to Robert, the eldest, the southeast quarter, where Hannah Whinnery now resides ; to John, the northeast quarter, where David, son of Robert, now lives ; to Thomas, the northwest quarter, where the family of S. H. Bennett resides; to Zimri, the youngest, the southwest quarter, which constituted the homestead. The father and mother,

William and Abigail Whinnery, resided with their son Zimri while they lived. Martha Whinnery, the widow of a son of Robert, now resides at the homestead. James received from his father the southwest quarter of section 31, in the southwest corner of the township. Dr. J. C. Whinnery, son of James and father of Miss Abby Whinnery, the well-known vocalist, resides in Salem. James, another son, lives a short distance west from Salem. William settled upon the northwest quarter of section 32, where his son resides.

Sampson King settled on the southwest quarter of section 31 ; George Mountz, who married Catharine Woolf, on the northeast quarter, which was afterwards divided into three parts and sold ; Richard Beck bought the northeast quarter, where Alvin Beck afterwards lived.

About the year 1810, William Galbreith entered the north half of section 29. It was divided between the two sons, Thomas and Samuel, and is still owned by them. Peter Ward bought the south half of the section.

John Martin entered the southeast quarter of section 21. Hugh Martin settled on the east half of the northeast quarter. John and George Bricker entered part of section 22 in 1814.

David Swadner, from Frederick Co., Md., settled in 1815 on the southwest quarter of the section. At this time there was no road from Salem to New Garden.

In the year 1803, David Burson and John Johnson, brothers-in-law, entered section 26. James Hoopes, in 1818, purchased several 80-acre lots, and, with his wife and children, - Joseph, Thomas, and Daniel, - settled on the southeast quarter of the section. Several of his children are living in this part of the town. Robert, a sou, lives on the old homestead ; William, on section 35 ; Thomas, on section 23 ; Daniel, on section 25 ; James, on section 28. John Johnson chose the northeast quarter of section 26, where his son Edward resides. Mr. Johnson was a prominent member of the Society of Friends.

James and William Randels came from York Co., Pa., in 1806. James settled on the northeast quarter of section 25. He had three sons. His daughter, Maria, married Samuel Test, a descendant of Samuel Test, an early settler. William Randels, with his wife and eight children, moved first into Hanover township. Isaac, his son, settled in the northeast quarter of section 25. He married Elizabeth Teegarden, daughter of Wm. Teegarden, of Salem township. William, a son of Isaac, is living on the farm his father located. Albert, another son, lives in Indiana. On the old farm is a saw-mill, built in 1810.

Isaac Test came to Butler when his father, Zaccheus, came to Perry township. He was born June 8, 1787, and in the middle of October, 1803, settled on section 23, which his father had entered. Isaac divided his farm between his sons and a daughter. Zaccheus had the homestead, situated on the northeast corner of the section. Daniel settled in 1845 on the northwest quarter of the same section. Hannah married C. Lamborn, and located on the southwest quarter, where she and her husband still reside.

Henry Woolf, prior to his removal to Ohio, was a farmer in Loudon Co., Va., and carried his produce from thence to Alexandria and the "Federal City," as Washington was called. He removed to Butler in 1804, accompanied by his wife and six children, - John, Jacob, George, Adam, Catharine, and Polly, - and entered, at $2 per acre, sections 18, 19, and 30. Upon the west half of the last-named section he built a log cabin, and lived to the age of seventy-two years. He died in 1834, and his son Jacob afterwards occupied the homestead. Polly married Jacob Sheets, who came in 1807, and received from her father a part of the northeast quarter of section 18. Mr. Sheets built a sawmill, which is yet standing, and planted the willows now growing on the bank of the dam. He sold the property to Robert Harris, and removed to Williams Co., Ohio. Jacob came into possession of the southeast quarter of section 30, and upon the death of his father sold it to a Mr. Holverstadt, and then, 1834, moved to the homestead on the west half of the section. George married in 1824, and the next year settled upon the northeast quarter of section 30, now occupied by his son Zimri, and is yet living. Adam married a daughter of George Mountz, and purchased land extending to the east line of section 18, and it now belongs to his heirs. Henry Woolf, the father, had prepared a deed conveying to his grandson Samuel, son of Adam, a portion of the northeast quarter of section 18, but died before executing it. II is administrators, not recognizing the conveyance, sold the land to Jonathan Walton. This land is now occupied by Jesse Bauman. Catharine married George Estep, and received a part of the southeast quarter of section 30. Peter, born after the settlement was made in Butler, settled on a part of the southeast quarter of section 18, where Jonas Goodman resides. David, also born after the settlement was made in Butler, settled on 180 acres of the southwest quarter of section 18, which Peter Kimberliu afterwards purchased.

Peter Ritchie, also from Loudon Co., Va., purchased, in 180G, a part of the northwest quarter of section 19, where he built a blacksmith-shop. The following year he sold 63 acres to Jacob Shister. lie afterwards bought of Henry

Jacob Sbister, a tanner, came from Preston Co., Va., and erected a tannery upon land purchased from Mr. Richie, as stated. The branches of the Mahoning River unite upon this farm. George and Benjamin, sons of Jacob, are living, - the former on the homestead, and the latter on a farm adjoining.

Isaiah Harris, with his wife, two daughters, and four sons, came from North Carolina in 1806, and bought 320 acres on section 24, being the northwest and southeast quarters. Their son Carney settled on 80 acres of the southeast quarter of the section ; John settled in Salem, in 1847, on the southwest quarter of section 18, where he still lives. Chalkley, the oldest son, settled on 80 acres in the northwest quarter of section 24, and was township treasurer from 1842 to 1847. Benjamin settled on 80 acres in the northeast quarter of section 24, where his widow and children still reside.

Garret Cainpf, a native of Germany, came from Westmoreland Co., Pa., to this township in 1803, with his son David. He entered section 23, and built a cabin on the farm where his grandson David Campf now lives. In 1804 his family moved out. Solomon Campf, his brother, settled west of David, where his son Christopher now lives. Levi, a son of David, in about 1829, bought 112 acres in the southeast quarter of section 25, where he still lives.

David and William Kerr, brothers, settled on the southwest quarter of section 7-. William, the eldest, lived on the south part, and raised a large family of children, who live on the old farm and on the north part of section 18. A part of the northeast quarter was sold to Jonathan Walton, whose children, Nathan, Josiah, and Mrs. Mary Ann Hampton, are still living, - the latter in Damascus.

Henry Wintrobe, in 1804, entered section 8, and made his homestead where Eben Shreve now resides. On the Wintrobe farm is an orchard, now owned by Joseph Lynch, which occupies, according to actual survey, the highest land between the Ohio River at its nearest point and Cleveland. Mr. Wintrobe was an extensive landowner, and was justice of the peace in 1806 and for many years after. Over sixty years ago a saw-mill was built on the creek between his farm and the " valley."

David Blackburn settled at an early day in Knox. His son, James C. Blackburn, settled in the northwest quarter of section 18, in Goshen, and Barbee Blackburn settled on the southwest quarter of section 4, Butler, where his family now reside.

John and Hugh Burns came to Ohio in 1804. Hugh settled in what is now Perry, on section 5, where Eli Fawcett now lives. John settled in Butler, on the south half of section 3. II is descendants are living in the town.

In 1806, Jacob Gaunt, from Reading, Pa., a native of New Jersey, settled on the south half of section 3 (where the heirs of George Burns now live), where he died, at the age of fifty years. He had five children, of whom two are living. Benjamin settled in Salem township in 1828.

Moses Votaw settled on the same section, in what has since been known as the "Votaw neighborhood." He was brother to Isaac Votaw, who settled in Goshen township the same year. His sons, Moses and Aaron, are living at Winona.

William Hereford and John Coppock entered section 35 in 1803. Coppock moved to Mount Pleasant in 1802, and to Butler in 1804, and settled on the north half of the section ; Hereford on the south half, which, in 1810, he sold to Joseph Ingram, whose son Joseph lives on a part of the farm. Joshua Coppock, son of John, lives on a part of the old farm. Jeremiah, another son, lives one mile west of Winona.

Abram Warrington, a nephew of Abram Warrington who lived in Salem, came from New Jersey in 1805, lived with his uncle a short time, and then journeyed to Damascus, stopping the first night with Samuel Morris, who lived on the northeast quarter of section 5 and had been there about a year. Mr. Morris was killed by falling from a tree while hunting a coon in the spring of 1806. Abram Warrington bought the Morris place. He married Keziah Woolman. a sister of Samuel, Aaron, and Abner, on Christmas day, 1806, in the Friends' meeting-house at Damascus. Theirs was the first marriage in the settlement, and their descendants are living on the farm.

Samuel Woolman and his brother Aaron and sister Keziah came from New Jersey in November, 1805. Samuel settled on the northwest quarter of section 5 ; Aaron, on the southeast quarter of section 5, taking up 80 acres. Abner Woolman, brother of Samuel, came in 1816, and settled on the southwest quarter of the same section. This land was divided between his daughters, Sarah and Mary. Sarah married John H. Stanley, and resides on the farm. Mary married Jonathan Crew.

Joshua Lynch and Jesse Walton came in 1805, and settled on the northwest quarter of section 8. Mr. Lynch was one of the first school-teachers at Damascus, and also one of the preachers of the Society of Friends. His son lives at Damascus and owns the homestead.

Obadiah Crew came from near Richmond, Va., in 1805, and settled in the township of Knox, where he lived many years. About 1820 he bought the mill-property of John Ernrich, about two miles south of Damascus, on section 17. His son, John, married Margery Ellison and settled on the southwest quarter of section 19, in Goshen. James T. Crew, lawyer and justice of the peace in Butler township, is a descendant of Obadiah. Jonathan, another son of Obadiah, settled on the north half of section 20. His son, Joshua, had a part of the section, which he sold to Peter Kissinger, from whom it passed to Aquilla Binford and Jeremiah Ruble. The north half of the northwest quarter was sold to Daniel Andrews, whose wife was a daughter of Marian, who was a sister of Joshua Crew. The south half of that quarter was sold to Samuel Galbraith.

The south half of the section was taken up by Jacob Shriver, who built thereon a distillery. His son, George, and the family of John, another son, are living on the place.

David Swadner entered the northeast quarter of section 22 in 1815, and in 1824 moved to the northeast quarter of section 20, rvhere he now resides.

Joshua Stanley, brother of Jonathan, who settled in what is now Perry township, was from Virginia, and came to the township in 1805, locating on the northeast quarter of section 10, where J. R. Beaumont now lives. Three sons are living in the township, - Oberton and Frederick in the southeastern portion, and John H. near Damascus.

Moses Stanley, another brother of Jonathan, settled on the southeast quarter of section 10. John Stanley, Jr., who erected a woolen-mill in Salem, was a son of Moses.

Caleb Kirk entered section 20 in 1805, and retained it until 1824, when he sold a portion of the west half to Benjamin Windle where Edwin M. Windle (grandson of Benjamin) now resides.

William Kennett, with his wife, came from Maryland in 1810, and bought 80 acres of land in the northwest quarter of section 28. His daughter married Aaron Votaw, and now lives in Winona.

James French, son of Thomas French and brother of Robert, Barzilla, and Thomas, settled on section 4 in 1819, on land now owned by Dr. S. F. Bellinger. He had six sons and one daughter, - William, Thomas, Ann, Robert, James, Charles, and Richard. He died, at the age of seventy-one years, in 1844. Mrs. Daniel Straughn, of Goshen, is a granddaughter.

Daniel Burns entered the west half of the northeast quarter of section 15, receiving his deed from government April 15, 1822. The northeast quarter was sold to Jacob Johnson, and afterwards passed by deed to Henry Mall, and from him to Robert Patterson. Andrew Stanley, Henry Sheets,

Henry Mall owned the east half of the southwest quarter, where John Hannah now lives, 1879; Henry Sheets, the west half of the southeast quarter, where Robert Hannah lives ; David Stratton, the east half of the southeast quarter, where John Heckler lives.

Henry Mall and Henry Sheets sold to Robert Patterson, who gave the laud to his daughters, who married John and Robert Hannah. David Stratton gave his land to his daughter, Mrs. Martin Burns. The land was afterwards purchased by Alex. Russell, who sold to Robert Patterson, who sold to his son-in-law, John Heckler. John Martin bought 80 acres of the east half of the southwest quarter, which is still in possession of the family.

Section Sixteen

Section 16 was set apart for purposes of education. The first act of the State Legislature authorizing the sale of section 16 was passed in 1827, and required a previous and 1 favorable vote of the people. It became the duty of the assessor to take in a book the name of each person qualified to vote, and designate whether he was in favor of or opposed to a sale. The returns were sent to the Auditor of State. After 1843 the vote was taken hy ballot. This law has been amended many times. In 1852 the management of the school lot was transferred to the township trustees and the courts. The school tax from this time was distinct from other taxes, and provided the only means for the support of schools. The same act also established the rule that the property of the Stale must pay all the expense of public education.

Section 16 in Butler was sold in accordance with a vote of the people. Aaron Hise and Levi Jennings purchased the northeast quarter, now in possession of T. Melaney and a Mr. Heckler. The northwest quarter was sold to Terali Jones, who sold to R. M. Haines; the southwest quarter, to William Fetters and Isaac Ritchie; and the southeast quarter, to Samuel McGrew. William Wallace, early in 1818, located on the northwest quarter.

Organization

This township was organized by act of the General Assembly in 1806. It is not known when the first election for township officers was held, as the first and second volumes of the township records are missing. The third volume begins with the records for 1839, from which time the names of trustees, clerks, treasurers, and members of the board of education are given.

It is a matter of regret that the State does not gather and publish the census reports by towns, thus giving the means for comparative statements, showing the progress in each, not only in population, but in all its agricultural and manufacturing industries.

1844. - Aaron A. Woolman, Thomas AVright, Robert A. Haines. 1845-47. - George Heckler, Thomas Wright, Robert A. Haines. 1848-49. - Joseph Brantingham, Aquilla Binfox-d, Solomon Canxpf. 1S50-51. - Aquilla Binford, Solomon Cainpf, Joseph Coffee.

Justices Of The Peace

This village is situated in the south part of the town, a little east of the centre, and mostly in the southwest quarter of section 26 and southeast quarter of section 27. Section 26 was originally entered by James Burson and John Johnson, and section 27 by the Whinnery brothers, Robert, Thomas, Zimri, and John, the southeast quarter of the section being occupied by Robert.

The first post-office was established in 1868. James II. Dean wxis the first postmaster appointed, who was followed, successively, by Samuel Williams, Isaac B. Lupton, and Alfred Brantingham, who is the present incumbent.

The name of the village was adopted at a public meeting called respecting a petition for a post-office, and was chosen from among the names in the poem " Hiawatha."

The settlement contains about 45 dwellings, a post-office, steam saw-mill, steam grist-mill, store, meeting-house, blacksmith-shop, carriage-shop, shoe-shop, and fruit-nursery.

New Middleton

New Middleton is a small hamlet situated near the centre of the township, and contains one steam saw- and cider-mill, a blacksmith-shop, and several houses.

Valley

This is a settlement located in section 17, in the western part of the township. One John Emrich came into this little valley in the first decade of the present century. Of such the poet sung :

Perceiving the advantages of the little stream, he raised his log-built cxibin, and, having erected also a small gristmill, started the busy wheel. From that time until the present a grist-mill has been in constant operation on or near the same site, passing meantime through many hands. From Mr. Emrich it passed successively to Obadiah Crew, Israel Schooley, and in 1834 to Aaron Stratton (who, in 1809, built a grist-mill north of the town of Salem), Jeremiah Ruble, Enoch Vansyoc, Sinclair, and finally to

John II. Stanley says he carried grist to this mill from his home - where J. II. Beaumont now lives - on horseback, over fifty years ago, and has been its steady customer ever since.

Damascus

A Mr. Hoopes, from Chester Co., Pa., entered land in the western part of Butler and Goshen townships. The northeast quarter of section 6 is still in possession of his descendants, Mrs. Melinda Cline being a granddaughter. Horton Howard was agent for Mr. Hoopes, and a plot of land was laid out by him with the intention of encouraging settlement. The plot was surveyed, and a record of it made in the records of Columbiana County, April 8, 18U8, as given below :

"Plat of the town of Damascus, which is laid out on sections No. 5 and 6 in township No. 16 of range No. 4, and sections No. 31 and 32 in the township adjoining on the north. The streets are nearly at right angles with the north and south sections, and parallel with the township-line, - which is twenty-five feet north of the south side of Poplar Street, - and the northeast corner of lot No. 39 is south of the southeast corner of section No. 31 aforesaid. The lots are all, except Nos. 16, 32, and 44, 4 rods in breadth and 10 in length, - containing 40 perches each, except the three lots aforesaid, each of which contains 10 feet more in breadth. The streets are each 66 feet, the alleys 10 feet, the border around the town 20 feet in breadth. The lots 32, 33, 44, and 45 are reserved, to be conveyed at such times and for such purposes as the proprietor or his heirs may think best or most advantageous to the settlement of the neighborhood.

" We, the proprietors of the land, do hereby certify that the above plan or plat is a correct representation of the town of Damascus aforesaid.

The town now (1879) contains a Gurney meeting-house, at the west end of Walnut Street; a Wilbur meeting-house, at east end of W alnut Street ; a Gurney Yearly meetinghouse, between Walnut and Poplar Streets, near Gurney meeting-house; a Methodist Episcopal church, on Walnut Street ; a Methodist Wesleyan church, on Poplar Street ; an academy, post-office, hotel, three stores, a saw-mill, woolen-mill, three blacksmith-shops, a harness-shop, shoeshop, and about seventy-five dwellings. Poplar Street is the dividing-line between Columbiana and Mahoning Counties.

The history of the early schools is given to some extent in the history of Goshen township, in the account of the early educational efforts of the Friends Joshua Lynch, Thomas French, and others, who taught at Damascus, in what is known as the Burns School District, Section 3. The first school was taught by Benjamin Holmes, near the Moses Stanley farm. A school was taught by Joseph Hoile in what is now District No. 3, in the valley and near the creek, where Mrs. Elizabeth Iler lives. John Moon and Terry Jones also taught there. This school was carried on by means of subscriptions. The house was built of logs and had a large fireplace in one end.

the west line of Butler township, a school was taught, in or about the year 1826, by Hannah Ward. At that time a vacant log cabin would often be used for a school-house if the inhabitants could find a person able and willing to teach for three months. The average tuition fee was about "ten shillings" per term, and was usually paid in farm produce. The primitive school-edifice was provided with a puncheon floor and slab seats, while a board, which rested on pegs driven in the logs, formed the writing-desk. John Rogers' Primer, United States Spelling-Book, English Reader, and the Bible constituted most of the school-books. " Readin', ritin', and rithmetick, grammar and jography," were taught. Teachers were not subject to examination until after the establishment of school districts, about 1830.

About 1822 the first school was opened in a log cabin in the northeast quarter of section 33, in what was known as the Votaw neighborhood. William Lightfoot, Joshua Shinn, and Jonas Hole were teachers.

The first meeting of Friends in the township of Butler was in 1805, in which year a small log meeting-house was erected. Joshua Lynch, of New Jersey, and Catlett Jones, of Virginia, served as ministers in that primitive house of worship about that time.

Thomas Stanley and his large family of boys and girls, all then living in the township of Knox, were members of this society. Additions were made to the building from time to time to accommodate the increasing numbers, and in or near the year 1827 a large and commodious brick meetinghouse was built on the same site. In 1856 the building was destroyed by a high wind, and rebuilt during the following season. The monthly meeting numbers about 600 members. At the division, in 1854, the branch called the Gurneyites kept the meeting-house. A large house was provided for the Ohio Yearly Meeting, which convenes in Butler every alternate year.

Wilburite Friends. - The Wilburites branched from the main body in 1854, and two years thereafter built a meetiug-house at the east end of Walnut Street. They number about 150 members, and belong to the Ohio Yearly Meeting, which assembles at Barnesville.

" New Garden Meeting " Friends. - The meetings of this Society of Friends were transferred to Winona in 1839, having been held in Hanover township prior to that time. Among the principal members were West Negus, John Johnson, Isaac Test, Casper Williams, and Lewis R. Walker.

Hannah Whinnery Jeremiah H. Whinnery

Jeremiah H. Whinnery, one of Ohio's hardiest and most industrious sons, was born in Butler township, Jan. 28, 1828, and there he continued to reside, a worthy citizen, until his death. He was one of eleven children, of whom the surviving ones are two daughters living in Columbiana Co., O., a son and daughter in Indiana, and a son in Colorado. His father, John, who was one of Ohio's early settlers, was a sturdy pioneer in the days when a stout heart and a strong arm were the mainstays of existence.

Young Jeremiah was therefore trained in his early years to know the value of useful labor, and, although gaining occasional glimpses of book education at a district school, his most familiar school was that which taught him the rudiments of manual labor upon his father's farm, and laid the foundation upon which he reared a substantial experience. Following naturally the footsteps of his father, and the bent, moreover, of his own inclination, he devoted himself to an agricultural life, and after him, in the same path likewise, his children have followed.

Nov. 21, 1850, lie married Mary Ann Reeder, of Hanover township, in which her father's father was one of the first settlers. Four children were born of the union, to wit: Samuel L., born May 1, 1852, and now living in Butler; John L., born Nov. 12, 1853, now residing in New Middleton; Sylvester R., of Butler, born Dec. 7, 1858; and Ella Ann, born Sept. 11, 1809, and died Sept. 18, 1870. Mr. Whinnery's religious faith was that of a Quaker, in which he had been reared by his father ; and, although he was keenly watchful of current events, and observed from afar the political history of his time, he hold himself aloof from participation in politics, preferring to keep his mind untrammeled with the cares of office, and free from the distractions of a life eager for distinction.

So he maintained an humble existence, whose scope embraced the care of his farm and devotion to his domestic relations, passing away to his final rest, upon the old homestead near Winona, Oct. 18, 1870, whore his widow still resides with her son Sylvester.

Mrs. Hannah Whinnery, a worthy representative of that peoplo known as Friends, was born near Augusta, Columbiana Co., Ohio, May 5, 1824. Her father, James Ilervey Dean, became a resident of Columbiana County in 1808, whence lie accompanied his father, Jonathan, from New York State.

When Hannah was fifteen years of ago her father removed to Butler township, and three years later - being then eighteen - she was married to Mahlon Whinnery. They resided on his farm

As before indicated, Mrs. Whinnery comes of a Quaker family, and she, as well as her husband, was born in that faith. Her father and mother, each aged upwards of eighty, reside with Mrs. Whinnery, and they continue to be, despite the encroachments of old age, active and zealous members of the Society of Friends, in whose circle, as well as in the community, they and the members of their daughter's family are regarded with much honor.

Mr. Whinnery met with an accidental death, Aug. 23, 1870, while at work at his threshing-machine, and since that time his widow has resided upon her farm, cheered by the loving companionship of her parents and her children.

Hannah K. Entriken

This venerable resident of Butler township comes of a hardy race, whose representative in the pioneer history of Ohio was John Whinnery, an early settler in Butler, and the father of Mrs. Entriken.

She was born in that township June 1, 1815, and until her seventeenth year divided her time between a brief attendance at school and rendering assistance in the domestic duties of her father's household. Jan. 13, 1832, she was married to Isaac Kelly, of Franklin Square, and removed at once with her husband to his farm. She became the mother of five children, as follows : William, born August, 1833, and living near Winona; Zimri, born July 10, 1835, now living in Iowa; Moses, born July 27, 1837, and killed in 1864, during the Rebellion, while engaged, as a member of the 6th Ohio Cavalry, in a skirmish with the enemy ; Phoebe Ann, born Dec. 19, 1845, and died 1873; John, who died at the ago of five. Mr. Kelly died in 1851, and Jan. 13, 1857, his widow married Samuel Entriken, living near New Lisbon. There, on her husband's farm, Mrs. Entriken passed the days of her second married life, until December, 1875, when death deprived her a second time of her conjugal companion. Of her last marriage there was no issue.

Sineo Mr. Entrikon's death she has resided with her son William near Winona, and now in the evening of life enjoys a quiet repose and freedom from the bustling cares which earlier employed her active existence. In 1837 she became a member of the Disciples' church, and her allegiance to that faith has to this time, for a space of forty-two years, remained true and steadfast.

In 1854, when the separation occurred among Friends throughout the country, this society also felt its disturbing influence, and the Gurneyites and Wilburites became distinct organizations. They worship in the same meetinghouse, but at different hours. The Gurneyites number about 70. and the Wilburites 270.

About 1870 there were six distinct societies of Friends at Winona and Salem, each claiming to hold to the original faith, - Hicksites, Gurneyites, Wilburites, Kollitcs, Dr. Kite's meeting, and the Remnants.

Methodist Episcopal Church

About 1855 meetings were held in the school-house at Damascus, and a class organized with Philip Barger and wife, Mrs. Nancy Little, Miss Elizabeth Little, John Kerr and wife,- Clement Kerr and wife, and James Kerr and wife as members. Rev. Mr. Eaton was the first pastor, who was succeeded by the Revs. Kineer, Storer, Williams, Jackson, McCarthy, Brown, J. M. Bray, A. J. Lang, George Crook, and G. W. Anderson, the present pastor. An edifice was erected in 1857, and in 1871 was repaired at a cost of $800. They have about 80 members and a Sundayschool of 60 pupils, of which Dr. S. F. Bullinger is superintendent.

Burying Grounds

The burying-ground at Damascus, situated near the meeting-house of the Friends, was the first in the township. Henry Woolf presented five acres of land for burial purposes, situated on the northwest quarter of section 30. No burial has taken place within this cemetery for a number of years, but within its quiet inclosure many of " the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep."

A township-house was first built in Butler about 1842, on the school-house lot, near the centre of the town, and half a mile south of Middleton. It was built in connection with the school-house of the district, a partition only separating the two. In 1876 a lot was purchased adjoining the first site on the north, aud a substantial brick edifice, 16 by 24 feet in size, erected thereon.

Township No. 14, in range 3, of the government surveys, received the name of " Centre" in 1803, soon after the organization of the county, from its occupying a central position. Its proportions remain as surveyed, and the boundary townships are: on the north, Salem ; on the east, Elk Run ; on the south, Wayne and Franklin ; and on the west, Hanover. The surface of the township in general is broken by many steep and, in a few instances, almost precipitous hills. The northern part of the township is more fertile than the southern, and the land along the larger streams is very productive. The soil near the streams is alluvial; in other situations it is either a stiff clay or clayloam with an admixture of sand and gravel. In general, the soil is adapted to the common grasses and cereals. Some of the less fruitful hills are yet in a state of nature, and are timbered with the common varieties of wood and occasional clusters of pines. The latter was formerly abundant along the streams. The middle fork of Beaver Creek enters the township from Salem, near the east line of section 5, and, having a general southeast course, passes out on the south line of section 13. It has a rocky bed, and its course is marked by a deep and rugged channel. Its chief affluent is Mill Seat Brook, flowing south nearly parallel with the west line of sections 1 and 12. Traversing the entire length of the township from north to south near the west line is Cold Run, so called from the nature of the springs which supply it with pure and sparkling water. The upper part of its course is through pleasant meads, but in the southern part of the township it is closely hemmed by hills and has a rocky channel. A mile above the point where it leaves the township it receives the waters of the west fork of the Beaver, and is known by that name below the junction. There are other small brooks in the township, and numerous springs.

The mineral resources of the township are rich and varied. Coal is found in almost every locality, and along Middle Beaver an excellent quality of iron-ore is abundant. Here, also, are vast deposits of cement and quarries of excellent building-stone, as well as petroleum and saline springs. Some of these have been developed, and yield considerable revenue. Fire- and potter's clays are also found.

Pioneer Settlers

No very complete and accurate data concerning the beginning of the settlement of the township can be obtained. Those who first came and their descendants have passed away, and no account of their connection with the history of Centre has been preserved. The first permanent settlement at New Lisbon was probably made by Lewis Kinney and his associates about 1802. Mr. Kinney purchased what now constitutes the village site, and built his first cabin about where Mr. Arter's tannery now stands, 1879. He sold the property in 1805, and removed to a place on the Salem road, and afterwards to Missouri. Will. Slater lived first east of New Lisbon, where he had a small powder-mill. In 1808 he purchased a part of the Kinney tract, and platted an addition of out-lots to New Lisbon on the west. James and Hugh Broady lived on the Salem road, and James Driscoll and Samuel and Thomas Davis in cabins along the creek. All these had gone to begin life elsewhere as pioneers before 1825.

Christian Smith was a settler who remained longer. He came in the early part of 1803, and opened a tavern in a log house. He soon erected a substantial stone hotel, which he conducted with credit several years, when he, also, removed. The same year came Gen. Reasin Beall, Joseph Stibbs, and Thomas Cox, all of whom were active citizens until they removed to Wooster, about 1815.

In 1804, Thomas Rowland and Win. Harbaugh came from Brownsville, Pa., and set up a saddler's shop. Rowland was a single man, and became quite well known as a captain in the war of 1812. After that struggle he removed to Detroit. Harbaugh remained, and reared sons named Dennis, Springer, William, and Jacob. Jacob is now living in the vicinity. Daniel Harbaugh, a brother, came the same year, and also resided here until his death. He had sons named Jonathan, David, John, Daniel, and Rowland ; some of them are yet in the township. Daniel Harbaugh was judge in early days, and his son David, who removed to Detroit, became a judge at that place.

John After came in 1805, and purchased Lewis Kinney's reserve, on which he began a tannery. He died in 1808, leaving three sons, - Jacob, who is still living at New Lisbon, and Michael and David, both of whom removed to Hanover, where the latter yet lives. The same year Jacob Shawk moved to New Lisbon, and lived there until his death. He had four sons,- - Jacob, Henry, Thomas, and Samuel. Also came Dr. Horace Potter, who had sons named Horace and Ephraim, and Fisher A. Blocksom, a lawyer, who lived in the place until the latter part of 1876. Mr. Blocksom had two daughters and four sons, - William, James, Jackson, and Fisher, the latter being the only survivor.

In 1806, Frederick Shultz removed to New Lisbon, where he died in 1861, leaving two sons, - -Martin H. and David C., who are yet citizens of the place. David Graham was in New Lisbon as a merchant about 1806. He died soon after 1812 from a disease contracted in the army. In the same year, 1806, came David Hostetter, and opened a tavern. His son, William, became a sheriff of the county, and is now eighty years of age. His son, William M., is the present sheriff of the county. About the same time John Small became a resident, rearing two sons, - David and Samuel. Dr. John Thompson and his sons, - Joseph and E. J., - Justus and George Stoughton, and George Endley, all came in 1806 or 1807. In the latter part of 1806 George Duck became a citizen of New Lisbon, and there reared three sons, - Samuel, Jesse, and George, - all of whom became useful citizens. This year also came Alexander Snodgrass. He reared sons named Bazaleel and Presley.

In 1807, Dr. Joseph Springer settled in New Lisbon, and lived there until his death. His sons were named Joseph, John, Henry, Samuel, and Daniel. The last two are still living in the village. About the same time, Holland Green, Michael Stock, - father of John, Henry, and Samuel, - John Watson, - having sons named John, Jacob, William, David, and Samuel, - and Mordecai Moore, became a part of the population of New Lisbon. Mr. Moore removed to Yellow Creek after a few years.

In 1807, also, Dr. John D. Gloss, Caleb and Thornton Whitacre, and Caleb Hays, brother-in-law of the Whitacres, found homes at this place. The last three engaged in milling. George Crowl and his sons, - Francis, Jacob, and George, - and John L. Thompson and his son Samuel settled in New Lisbon in the year last named.

In May, 1807, Rev. Clement Vallandigham settled in the village, and lived during the latter part of his life in the red-brick house on West Walnut Street, not far from the Canton bridge, where he died in 1839. He reared sons named James L , Clement L. (the distinguished Ohio politician), John L., II., and George S., who was for many years a physician in the place. This year also came Nicholas Kurtz, a wheelmaker, who had sons named David and Michael, and John and Henry Croft, mechanics.

In 1808, Martin Helman took up his abode in the village, and remained until his death, in October, 1815. He had a son, Charles, who became a well-known druggist, and other sons, named William, Stephen, and Jacob. A little later in that year came William D. Lepper, who began the publication of the first newspaper in the county, The Ohio Patriot. He had sons named William D. and Edward F., and three daughters. That year also came Gideon Hughes, a Quaker, who soon after started the "Rebecca Furnace," naming it for his wife. Failing in business, he removed to the western part of the State and joined the Shakers. Among the men employed at the furnace were John McNeal and Charles, Benjamin, and Nicholas Wilson.

David Scott came about 1809, and built a house on the site now occupied by C. M. Aten's residence. He had a son named Joseph. Joseph Richardson came about the same time, and became well known in the village as a merchant. His sons were Jason, Albert, Samuel, Frank, Joseph, and William. Peter Baker settled near the village in this year, and a year later came Col. Jacob Harper, who lived in the village until his death, in 1878.

Peter Roach became a citizen of New Lisbon in 1816. He had sons named Benjamin, Thomas, Samuel, Peter, John, Andrew, William, James, and Bernard. About this period James McKinley found employment at the furnace. He had sons named William and John. The hitter is the father of the present Congressman, the Hon. William Mc- Kinley.

In 1813, John Briggs settled at New Lisbon. He came to the county in 1801 and settled in Middleton township, and in 1808 removed to Salem. He had sons named John and Mahlon, the latter now a merchant in the village.

Besides those named, there were living in or near New Lisbon in 1813, Philip and Jacob Meese. Nicholas Sampsell, John Hiltabiddle, William Maning, James Ewing, Archibald Briton, William Martin, John Beeson, Michael Bowman, Henry Snyder, Jacob Hill, Moses Stallcup, William Black, John McMillan, John Ritz, John Willeby,

At a later day George Graham became a resident of the village, rearing sons named John B., George, James, and Albert, all promising young men. A year or so later Benjamin Hanna moved to the village from Columbiana, and died on the place now occupied by John Spence. He had sons named Joshua, Leonard, Robert, Kersey, Levi, Benjamin, and Thomas, nearly all of whom are yet living, most of them in Cleveland. George McCook and his family, consisting of seven daughters and two sons, David and George, settled in New Lisbon about this period, 1816.

Among the earliest settlers in the northeastern part of the township was Thomas Frederick. He came in 1804 and located on section 12. He reared sons named Jacob, George, Thomas, Henry, William, Noah, John, and Samuel. Byron Frederick, a son of Samuel, is now a resident of that section. Most of this numerous , family have removed. Among the pioneers in that locality were Frederick Bleeker, Andrew Blinker and his sons, - -Peter, John, Andrew, and Henry, - Jonathan Hamilton, William Paul, Michael Mowry, Harmon Fagan, Jehu Powell, and Jacob and Conrad Worman, who came as early as 1808. A son of Jacob Worman - Samuel - is now a resident of section 4.

In the western part of the township settlements were made about 1808 by Gabriel Laird, Frederick Crubaugh, Robert Blackledge, Jesse and Conrad Brandeberry, George Lee, Henry Harlan, Andrew Kuhn, and Martin Breidetistein. Some of these died in the township, but most removed. On the place now occupied by Peter Willard, on section 19, William B. Randolph was an early settler. He had sons named John and Thompson. James Rodgers was the pioneer on the farm where lives James Frantz, on section 20; John Golden, on the Albert Chandler place; Jonathan Pierpont, on the J. B. Frost place; William Biggs, near William Burbeck's; and Joseph Burson, on the place now owned by J. B. Ritchey.

On section 29, George Schnellenberger was a pioneer, but removed early. In 1808 the Koffel family became citizens of Columbiana County, and Samuel Koffel is now a resident of this section. Jacob Springer and Peter Glessner were among the first on section 30.

Andrew Pollock settled first on section 29, but soon removed to the Gaskill neighborhood. He had two sons, John and James. The latter is now a resident of section 32. Among the first in this part of the township was Daniel Lindersmith, on the northeast quarter of section 31. He there early erected a good stone house, which is yet standing, and is occupied hy his son Joseph. Other sons were Daniel and Samuel. On the same section William Young was an early settler. The farm occupied by Isaac

James McClellan settled on section 32 in 1814, where he reared sons named Samuel, William, Robert, James L., John, and Thomas, who is now the occupant of the homestead. The Thompson and Ramsey places, on section 32, were cleared up by a man named Samuel De Armon.

On section 33, Arthur Burbeck settled in 1809, and there reared sons named John, David, Isaac, Joseph, James, and William, who resides at the homestead. At a later day Thomas Patterson settled on the same section, on the place occupied by his son James.

Peter Springer early owned and lived on the northeast quarter of section 21, where he kept a tavern. His sons, John and Jacob, yet live in that locality. In 1809, Joshua Chandler found a home on section 20, where he died in 1861. He reared four daughters, and sons named Morgan, Hiram, Eli, Clark, Albert, and Jesse, most of whom are yet residents of the western part of the township.

On section 17 the Mason family took a place among the pioneers, but removed years ago. On section 8, George Rudisill resided, and farther east lived George Atterholt, both early and prominent settlers. In the spring of 1806, John J. Bowman located on the south part of section 8, where he lived until his death, in 1864. He was a son-inlaw of Rev. John Stough, and reared sons named Jonas, John, Philip, Samuel, and Joshua. The last two named reside on this section. Rev. John Stough was probably the first Lutheran minister to cross the Alleghanies. He came to the western part of Pennsylvania in 1795. In the fall of 1806 he settled on section 8, near the present Bowman Mills, and lived there until 1827, when he removed. His sons were named Samuel, Jehu, Jonas, John, George, and Jesse. The first two became physicians. About the same time Davidson Filson settled in that part of the township, where he reared sons named Robert, James, John, Samuel, and William, the latter yet living on section 7. Other early settlers in that vicinity were John Hester and John Yotaw.

In the southeastern part of the township, among the early settlers were Joab Gaskill, in 1806, who had sons, - Samuel, Joab, David, Abraham, and Josiah ; Robert Morrison, who came a little later, and had sons, - William, Daniel, John, and Freeman, who is living on section 25 ; and Obadiah Campbell, the father of John Campbell.

The condition of the settlements in the township in 1826 is clearly shown in the appended lists of householders prepared by the trustees for school purposes : half of 18, and all of 19, 20, and 21 , except John Scott, and had as freeholders Martin Breidenstein, Jesse Jackson, William B. Randolph, Stephen Golden, Edward McGinley, Ezekiel Harlan, Richard Richardson, Jacob Hendricks, Jacob Spiker, Henry Harlan, John Mason, William Harlan, Abraham Evans, Abraham Brandeberry, Jacob Miller, Stephen Golden, Jr., Joshua Chandler, B. Getz, John L. Evans, Edward Pettit, Charles Mason, James Scott, Nicholas Wilson, Nathan Baldwin, William Betz, John Reese, Peter Springer, Charles Irwin, John Bowman, Samuel Dempsey, Isaac Brandeberry, Elias Culbertson.

District No. 3 was composed of sections 5, 6, 7, 8, west half of 9, the remainder of 17, and the north half of 18. Its householders were Davidson Filson, Uriah Teegarden, Preston Beck, William Teegarden, John Yolan, Joseph Burson, John Woodward, Aaron Burson, William Woodward, Elias Hays, James McCoy, Jacob Bechler, Robert Lentz, Aaron Brown, John Woodward, Alfred lJaxtonj Andrew Kuhn, Amburt Reese, John J. Bowman. George Atterholt, George Rudisill, John McNeil, Robert McAllister, David Rolland, John Hester, John Hester, Jr., Samuel Ullery, Nathaniel H. Smith, Thomas Russell, James Haskins, Joseph Bowers, Henry Wooley, William Coats, Thomas Ward, Jesse Taylor, William Ward, Jesse Whitley, George Holgrove, Thomas Danks.

District No. 4 was composed of sections 3, 10, 15, east one-half of northwest quarter of 14, and P. Plum's land in southwest quarter of 14, and the householders were Charles Morfoot, Austin Pettit, John Morfoot, Frederick Bleeker, Henry Golden, George W ill its, Joseph Durr, George Auck, John Bricker, John Savacool, Paul Sampsell, Jacob Stambaugh, Henry Doyle, Widow Davidson, Jonathan Dennis, David Winders, Simon James, Jacob Reep, A. Allison, Michael McNary, Joseph Smithyman, John Coates, Benjamin Reep, Casper Reep, James Dempsey.

District No. 5 was composed of sections 1, 2, 11, 12, north half of 13, and that part of 14 lying northeast of the Salem road. Its householders were John Neil, Samuel Frederick, David Stackman, William Frederick, David Shriver, Richard Chapman, Sarah Connell, Hugh Wallace, David Ililtabiddle, Thomas Hanna, Morris E. Morris, John Poe, Peter Spiker, Michael Bowman, James McCarsou, Nicholas Sampsell, Joseph Fagan, Lewis Crosser, John Frederick, John Blinker, Jonathan Pierce, Andrew Blinker, Benjamin Ward, Peter Blinker, John Green, James McGee, Charles Ray, Benjamin Wilson, William Beard) Joseph Albright, Janies Varner, C. Arnick, A. Shaw, Mary Hardman, A. Blinker, Jr., Jacob Walters, William Harbaugh.

District No. G was composed of that part of the village of New Lisbon lying north of Walnut Street and east of Market Street, and that part of the south half of section 13 belonging to Daniel Harbaugh, Martin Helman, David Graham, and John Watson. The householders at that time were Daniel Harbaugh, Jacob Watson, John Watt, De Lorma Brooks Joseph Lamborn, C. Watson, Thomas H. Taylor, William Watson, William A. Brink, William E. Russell, Hannah Deitch, Benjamin Hanna, Joseph Carroll, Jacob Shank, Maliion Briggs, Jacob Arter, William Morrill, Sarah Whitacre, Jacob Crowl, Jacob Shank, Jr., Jacob Rummel, Abel

District No. 7 was composed of that part of New Lisbon lying north of Walnut Street and west of Market Street, and the south half of section 14, lying north of the Canton road, except P. Plum's land, and that part of the northeast quarter of section 14 lying west of the Salem road. Its householders were John D. Gloss, John Stock, John Bleeker, Henry Stock, Henry Elders, Samuel Stock, Henry Trunick, Michael Stock, John Fraser, John Morrison, Geo. McCook, Rebecca Alford, Holland Green, Jos. Richardson, George Garretson, A. G. Richardson, Wm. Marmon, Henry Springer,. William Hilderman, A. W. Loomis, John Way, John Alexander, Widow McKee, Jacob Campbell, Widow Small, J. White, William Clapsaddle, Jacob Byers, Horace Potter, Clement Vallandigham, Sarah Jones.

District No. 8 was bounded on the north by Walnut Street and the Canton road ; west, southwest, and south, by the middle fork of Beaver Creek ; and east, by Market Street. Its householders were the following : John Underwood, U. Ong, S. Ogden, John Hessin, William Helman, Joseph Gillingham, James Hays, William D. Lepper, Charles Reed, John Mannon, David McKinley, Leonard Long, Elizabeth Frankenberger, John Merrill, John Conover, James Norton, Henry Croft, Isaac Townsend, Fisher A. Blocksom, C. D. Coffin, Joseph Leslie, David Beggs, John Watson, Martin Helman, Jacob Helman, Charles Helman.

District No. 9 was composed of that part of New Lisbon lying south of Walnut Street and east of Market Street, and parts of sections 13 and 24. Its householders were Jonathan Cochran, Matthias Nace, Benjamin Davidson, James White, William Woods, Joseph Powell, Philip Prouse, John Kinney, Edward Carroll, John Bleeker, Thomas Brown, Widow Arter, George Endley, James McKinley, John Burns, Elderkin Potter, Joseph A. Maddin, Jacob Clapsaddle, Adam Lepper, James Giles, Jonathan Ilambleton, Jacob Harper, Wm. D. Lepper, Jr., George Graham, Joseph Maus, John Fee, John Thompson, Jacob Hostettcr, Frederick Shultz, Joseph Morris, Widow Thompson, Benjamin Pritchard, David Fife, Jacob Kleckner, Thomas Corbet, Uriah Adams, John McKinley, Henry Crook, John Armstrong, Joel Holloway, Robert Travis, John Fair.

District No. 10 was composed of sections 22, that part of 23 lying south of Beaver Creek, and all of 26, 27, 34, and 35. Its householders were William Watson, Widow Ewing, Jacob Heffner, James Ewing, John Rowles, John Frederick, Benjamin Ward, Nicholas Marshall, Archibald Briton, Samuel Ferguson, William Reed, Silas Crispin, John Carlisle, John Martin, Daniel Carlisle, Andrew Armstrong, Peter Roach, Owen Thomas, Arthur Burbeck, John Betts, Philip Metz, John Crawford, John Hiltabiddle, Wm. Rosenberry, James Carr, Henry Koffle, Peter Keffner, Anthony Clark, Wm. D. Ewing.

Fractional District No. 11 was composed of the south half of section 24, and all of 25 and 36. Its householders were the following: Jacob Carlisle, John Campbell, Lewis Crosser, Daniel Clapsaddle, Joab Gaskill, William Hamble-

Fractional District No. 12 was composed of Section 4, and had the following householders: Jacob Worman, Conrad Bricker, Caspar Lengle, Henry Bricker.

The records of the township from its organization for civil purposes in 1803 till 1825 are lost. This part of the history, consequently, must be omitted. Only the names of a few early officers - justices of the peace - are remembered, viz. : John J. Bowman, Joseph Springer, Joseph Maus, Joshua Chandler, Samuel Richards, Jacob G. Williams, Richard G. Richardson, and David Small. At a later day, among these officers, were Abijah McLane, E. R. McGregor, W. W. Hamilton, Morgan Chandler, Hiram Graves, W. A. Nichols, John W. Morrison, Hiram Gaver, John B. Mills, Henry E. Frost, C. B. Dickey, Joseph B. Ritchey, John M. Dickinson, and Harmon W. Brown. Since 1825 the principal officers have been the following :

In 1879 the trustees voted a tax of eight-tenths of a mill on the dollar valuation for township purposes, one mill for roads, and $100 for the cemetery near New Lisbon.

Centre Thoroughfares

It appears from a contemporaneous account that the State road, which' passes through New Lisbon west, and the Salem and Steubenville road, passing north and south, were opened about 1806, but, owing to the loss of the records, the exact date cannot be given. The roads to Liverpool and Canfield were opened probably a little later. These highways had bridges at New Lisbon in 1809, which were erected by individual enterprise. In due time, however, substantial structures were provided by the township. At present the streams are spanned by excellent bridges, or by culverts of the most substantial stone-work. These roads are yet the principal highways. In 1879 the supervisors were Freeman C. Morrison, M. W. Adams, Charles Donnelly, R. R. Pollock*, William Stock, and George Gromes.

The Sandy and Beaver Canal passed through the township on the north bank of Middle Beaver to a point about a mile above New Lisbon, when a general northwestern course was taken to a point a little north of the centre of the west line of section 7, where it passed into the township of Hanover. Feeders were constructed on the Beaver at the furnace-dam, and on Cold Run on section 6. Between these points the lockage was heavy, and the progress of boats consequently slow. A further accouut of this canal appears elsewhere. It was opened in 1847 and abandoned in 1852.

The Niles and New Lisbon Railroad follows the east bank of the Middle Beaver, between the north line of the township and New Lisbon, the road's southern terminus. It was opened for passenger traffic in 1806. The track has been extended two miles farther down the creek, into Elk Run township, for freight purposes. The proposed Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, when built through Centre, will follow the general course of the old canal, and will no doubt greatly enhance the prosperity of the township.

Aside from the industries at New Lisbon and on the Middle Beaver, there have been others, as follows: In section 30, on the west branch of Beaver Creek, William Ritchie put up a grist-mill many years ago, which is yet operated by Benjamin Idem On the same section, below, Reuben P. MeNamee and Abner Moore built a fulling- and carding-mill about 1830, which was carried on till about

1860. It was then displaced by a saw-mill, of which Robert McClellan is proprietor. At the forks of the stream, about 1835, Isaac Hastings put woolen-machinery in operation, which was discontinued about 1850, and the site abandoned.

Above this point, on Cold Run, Morgan Chandler operated a saw-mill, which remains, but is at present idle. A short distance up this stream George Schnellenberger had a pioneer saw-mill, which was demolished by Abner Moore- A fourth of a mile above, Stephen Hendricks put up a saw-mill, which was operated many years by Morris Walton, and demolished about 1862. On the southeast quarter of section 17, James Culbertson started a grist-mill about 1830, which was afterwards owned by Abraham Brandeberry and Stephen Hendricks. In 1870, Joshua Bowman purchased it and removed it to its present site, on the State road. In 187-1 he added steam-power. This mill and the saw-mill above, which was built in 1832 by John J. Bowman, are now carried on by Joshua Bowman. On section 6, Uriah Teegarden had a carding-maehine before 1835, which was discontinued when the canal was built.

At Bowman's Mills, about 1829, John Bowman built a tannery, which, in 1838, became the property of William Filson. In 1842 the tannery on the east side of the run was abandoned, and the present one erected. For many years it was carried on by Mi-. Filson, and is now continued by his son, James L. Filson.

County Buildings

All the county buildings except the infirmary are at New Lisbon, and consist of the court-house and the jail, the former one of the best buildings of the kind in the State.*

New Lisbon Village

This is the only village in the township, and, being also the seat of justice for Columbiana County, is a place of great and increasing importance. It has a delightful situation on the north bank of Middle Beaver Creek, chiefly on a plain having a gentle slope towards the stream, but extending up a hill of moderate height, whose summit forms a handsome table-land. On either side are small ravines, which greatly promote the drainage of the place, and thus contribute to the health of its population. The opposite banks of the stream are high and rugged hills crowned with evergreens and other forest-trees with varied foliage.

From the summit of Pine Hill, which is directly in front of the village, is unfolded one of the most delightful views in the country : the village with its manifold objects of interest, the rich and highly-cultivated hums beyond, and the little stream sweeping through its deep channel at the left, are happily blended, and form a scene not soon forgotten.

There does not seem to be a plain reason why " New Lisbon" was selected as the name of the village, which was founded soon after 1800. It was doubtless suggested by the fancy of one who dreamed that here, among the hills of Columbiana, would rise a capital which should be to the new county what old Lisbon is to the country which encouraged the discoverer Columbus (for whom the county was in part named) to seek this new world.

part of which the village was laid out, was purchased by Lewis Kinney from the government in 1802, or earlier. On the 16th of February, 1803, he laid out New Lisbon, and a short time after acknowledged the plat before Esq. Alexander Edie, of old Jefferson County. It consists of a rectangular piece of ground, whose length, from north to south, is about double its width. Each block is 180 by 360 feet, and is divided into six lots 60 by 180 feet each. Six and a half blocks form the length, and six blocks the width, of the original plat.

They are divided east and west by streets, named in order from the south Washington, Walnut, Chestnut, High, Pine, and Spruce. The principal street running north and south is Market ; the others are Beaver and Jefferson. Narrower streets alternate with these. The lots were numbered from the northeast corner of the plat, and the first block was set aside for a cemetery.

The two blocks on the southeast Mr. Kinney reserved for his own use, but in 1805 sold them to John Arter. With a view to secure the county-seat, he set aside for the use of the county a number of lots where is now the union school, but was induced to change the location to the present square, containing eight lots. On one of these Lewis Kinney erected a log court-house in the fall of 1803, receiving therefor from the county §150. The jail was in the rear of the court-house, and was also of logs. In 1816 William Harbaugh and Peter Spiker erected the old brick court-house, which is yet standing, and which was used for county purposes until the new court-house was completed, in 1871. It is now used for business purposes, but is in a state of decay.

Many additions have been made to the original plat of New Lisbon. The first was on the west, by William Slater, and was composed of out-lots. The other additions were termed : Aaron Brooks', M. Helman's, Rummell's, Loomis' & Graham's, Austin Wright's, Graham & McClymond's, Harbaugh's, Brooks', Hanna's, Starr's, Morgan & Coppocks', Beans', Nace' Heirs,' Huston & Jordan's, B. F. Lee's, Alters', Pritchard's, Straughn's, Brewster's, Gailey's, and Brooks', whose united area covers a tract of ground about three-fourths of a mile wide by one and a half miles long, not all being comprised within the municipal bounds.

The first buildings in the village were of logs. Some time after 1805, Christian Smith erected the stone house on Washington Street, east of Market, for a hotel ; and soon afterwards Jacob Picking put up a brick house on the site of Hamilton's drug-store, which was also used for a hotel. Nearly all the business-houses and the first countyoffices were first on Washington Street ; but after the brick court-house was built they gradually centred on Walnut and Market Streets. Considering the general condition of the country, the place grew rapidly, and early gave promise of future greatness. In 1809, Capt. Thomas Rowland wrote of it as follows :

" New Lisbon is a beautiful village, situated on a second bottom of the middle fork of Beaver Creek, 40° north latitude and about 4° west longitude from Washington City, fourteen miles from the nearest point on the Ohio jliver, and seventy-five miles from Lake Erie. ... It has upwards of sixty houses of brick, stone, and frame. There are two important cross-roads here, - one running east and west, from Georgetown to Canton, and the other north and south, from Steubenville, through Warren, to Lake Erie.

" Our wells produce good water by digging fifteen or twenty feet. Stone-coal, lime, and building-stone are plenty. There are three bridges across the Beaver within a quarter of a mile of the village, built at a great expense by the voluntary subscriptions of the people of this village principally. . . . Maple sugar is made in great abundance, and one of our merchants was known to have on hand, at one time, 10,000 pounds of that article.

" The inhabitants are principally from Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland ; the religions, Presbyterian and German Lutheran. The population of the county in 1803 was 543, and in 1807 it amounted to 1730. There are a number of saw- and grist-mills near the village. It may not be amiss to add that the political complexion of the place is decidedly Democratic."

The growth of the village was steady, and after 1835 was promoted by the prospects of the canal. In 1837 it was reported as having two hundred dwelling-houses, chiefly of brick or stone, and two stories high. There were six thousand feet of macadamized streets, and the sidewalks were mostly built of brick. Its improvements in every point compared favorably with other villages in the State, except in its churches, which did not display much architectural beauty.

At that time the place had three lines of stages centring in or passing through the village, making the arrivals and departures eighty-four per week, and giving the village a lively appearance. A full account of these stage lines appears in another part of this work.

The failure of the canal not only retarded the growth of the village, but so seriously embarrassed many of its business-men that they retired from trade or moved elsewhere, leaving New Lisbon for a number of years at a stand-still. After the completion of the Niles and New Lisbon Railroad, in I860, a new period of prosperity began.

The improvements made of late years are of a very substantial nature, and New Lisbon now contains several fine public buildings, a handsome opera-house, opened to the public in January, 1876, several miles of clean, well-graded streets, and numerous attractive residences. The population is estimated at 2000.

The history of the various interests which have been, or now are, at New Lisbon, is detailed in the pages devoted to " Manufacturing Industries," from data furnished by the veteran printer, John Frost, Esq., one of the oldest citizens of the place.

Organization And Government

The village was incorporated under a special act of the Legislature passed Feb. 7, 1825, and under its provisions the first board of officers was organized, at- the house of Benjamin Hanna, May 10, 1826, as follows: President, George McCook; Recorder, William E. Russell; Trustees, Benjamin Hanna, William Hillerman, George Graham, John Alexander, Joseph Gillingham ; Assessor, John Armstrong; Treasurer, George Graham ; Marshal, John Conover; Street Commissioners, Holland Green, George Graham, Andrew W. Loomis. These officers were properly sworn by

On the 7th of January, 1828, the Legislature granted the village a new charter, whereby the old act was rendered void after April 1, 1828. This charter was subsequently amended and the village bounds extended. These are very irregular. The territory embraced lies north of Beaver Creek, and is in extent about 120 rods north and south, and about 400 rods east and west.

At the first meeting of the council, William Hillerman was appointed to contract with William D. Lepper to do the village printing, provided it would not exceed $25 per year ; and William Hillerman, William E. Russell, and John Alexander were appointed " to draft such bills as they may deem proper to be enacted for the good order and government of the town of New Lisbon." At the proper time this committee reported ordinances to regulate the building of sidewalks and providing for " turnpiking" the streets.

In 1829 a fine was imposed for descending Market Street hill with wagon-wheels locked, and a sign-board, giving warning, was ordered to be placed on the west side of the street. Abel Lodge put up this sign, at a cost to the village of $1.*

In May, 1832, George Graham made application for license to retail spirituous liquors at his grocery, at the corner of the public square and Market Street. The council, being satisfied that he was a person of good moral character, granted a license for one }year for a consideration of $10. Before adjournment it was decided that the next meeting of the council be held " in George Graham's back room."

July 12, 1833, Horace Potter, Leonard Hanna, David Begges, Ira Dibble, John Watt, and William E. Russell were appointed the first board of health.

In 1836 the marshal was ordered to notify the teamsters employed about the village " not to stand their teams, during the night season, around the public square ; and that the contractors on the canal put up the necessary fences to prevent accidents to persons and property."

In 1861 the village made provision for the support of the families of men enlisted in defense of the endangered Union, voting $2000 for this purpose. At subsequent periods material aid was extended, and the village in this respect made a good record.

® Soon after, Farmer Bl inker, who lived in the northern part of the township, came to the village, and, ns had been his custom, locked his wagon, and in that way descended the hill. lie was promptly arrested, and, when carried before the proper officers, pleaded guilty, paid his lino, and departed, declaiming against the oppression and ruinous tendency of the time when a man's liberties were so much abri dged that he dare no longer lock the wheels of his wagon. After telling his friends about bis grievance, and assuring himself of the exact reading of the ordinance, he started to return home. When he reached the foot of Market Street hill ho stopped his spirited team and carefully locked both hind wheels of his wagon. Resuming his seat, lie dashed up the hill at the greatest possible speed, to the great hurt of the now turnpike, lie was again arrested, but stoutly maintained his innocence. True enough ! lie was not found guilty, for the ordinance only prohibited wagons "descending" with locked wheels. An amendment to cover the. entire case followed at the next meeting of t ho council, and, so far as is known, no one drove up the hill thereafter with locked wheels.

the expenditures for the same period, $7304.80. The total bonded indebtedness of the village was $4365, and the bonds redeemed within the year amounted to $4365, - showing the finances to be in a healthy condition.

June 2, 1879, the council levied the following rates for the ensuing year upon the property of the village : for a general fund, If mills; for streets, 2 mills ; for lights, \ mill ; for cemetery, f mills; for interest and sinking fund, 2-4- mills; total, 7f mills.

Civil List

The village records from 1838 until 1859 have been either mislaid or carried away, thus preventing the compilation of a complete civil list. For the years whose records remain, the principal officers have been as follow :

Manufacturing Industries

The Iron Interests at and near New Lisbon. - In the primitive days of New Lisbon the iron interest was a conspicuous feature. Gideon Hughes was an early resident of the place, and in 1808 erected the first blast-furnace in this part of the country, about a mile northwest of the village, which was also oce of the first in the State of Ohio. The fi Some time after 1854 the board of villa ge officers was reoi'ganized, according to the provisions of the new Constitution of the State, fi Between 1838 and 1859.

machinery was propelled by water-power, and charcoal was used to smelt the ore. The manufacture of charcoal, until the furnace was shut down about 1843, was a heavy draft on the surrounding forest. Hardy pioneers, § skilled in the use of the axe, cut vast quantities of timber into four-feet lengths, and, having heaped it in great piles of a conical shape, covered the whole with one or two feet of earth. These kilns were then fired, and in a few days produced a quantity of excellent charcoal, usually from thirty to forty cords.

Iron ore was found near the furnace in abundance. Some pig-iron was made, but most of the furnace production consisted of plow-iron, dog-iron, flat-iron, pots, kettles, Dutch-ovens and many other household utensils, besides castings of numerous special classes. One of the large items of this industry consisted of ten-plate stoves, used only for burning wood. On the sides of these stoves were the words, "Rebecca of New Lisbon," the name of the furnace, so called after the wife of the proprietor. After the furnace was operated several years, Mr. Hughes built near it a tilt-hammer and forge, and was thus enabled to turn out wrought iron. The demand for this sort of iron increasing, he erected a rolling-mill about three miles above his furnace on the same stream (the middle fork of Little Beaver) in 1821 or '22. At this place there were also erected forges and nail-making machines of a kind which had not then been many years in use in this country. About 1830, or a little later, Mr. Hughes failed, and the old furnace was afterwards run by Benjamin Wilson, Perry Doyle, and others. During their active years all these ironworks were the scenes of lively interest, causing much bustle and stir among tbe operatives and parties who had business with them. One or two dry-goods stores at the old furnace supplied many people with all they required in that branch of trade. All these works have long since gone out of existence, and but little remains to indicate their places, once swarming with life.

About 1820, Messrs. Morse & Trunick erected and carried on an iron-foundry on Beaver Street near where Jesse Wilson lives. Mr. Morse died in a few years, and his partner, Mr. Trunick, removed the foundry to Market Street near where he yet lives, but the business has not been carried on by him for many years. Several squares east of Mr. Trunick's residence the Root Brothers carried on an ironfoundry successfully a few years, but, unfortunately, about 1843 or 1844, the building was destroyed by fire, and the proprietors removed to Indiana. Joseph Watson nearly forty years ago erected and carried on a small iron-foundry near John Artel's tannery, but it did not prove a success, and long since ceased to do anything.

About 1849-1851 the Tinker Brothers carried on a sort of general iron-works in what was then called the Long Row, at the north end of Jefferson Street. They worked in cast and wrought iron, using steam for propelling power. One day the boiler burst, causing the death of one man and seriously injuring another.

-J Wm. Detchon was employed as a laborer about the furnace, prior, and probably also subsequent, to tbe year 1812. He removed to Trumbull County, now Mahoning, and later in life became there a wealthy farmer.

About 1 8 1 G, perhaps a little before, Joseph Carroll and John Hessin carried on the manufacture of nails on Market Street. It was a slow process, as each nail had' to be cut off by one operation and then taken to another machine, where the heads were hammered on.

Among the early blacksmiths were Jacob Shawk - grandfather of Joseph S., who continues the same business where his father worked on the anvil near half a century - and a man named Stonehill. Joseph Lamborn, William Steel, John Stokesberger, and Isaac Townsend were among the old craftsmen in the pioneer smithies. Henry Boyle made salt-pans, and John Underwood was an axe-maker. At present the iron ore is shipped to other points to be manufactured.

Distillery and Brewery. - In the early settlement of this vicinity, and for some forty years after, whisky (the real old rye) was a prominent article of manufacture, use, and traffic. Twenty-five cents a gallon at retail was long a standing price, and many times it was even cheaper. The early makers of this article were George Duck, Frederick Galehouse, John Thomson, Edward Pettit, Benjamin Hahn. John Reese, and William, Jacob, and Daniel Harbaugh. It is said that some of the whisky was so pure that it did not remain in a liquid condition after the frosts of November.

A Mr. Morlege erected and carried on a brewery, which was operated after he quit the business by other persons whose names are not now remembered. In 1850, John Schowlder also established a brewery, but did not continue in the business long. It is nearly thirty years since liquormaking by distillation and brewing was discontinued in New Lisbon, - at least, out of rye and barley.

Tanneries. - John After and Daniel Harbaugh came to New Lisbon as early as 1805, and established tanneries, - - the first-named at a location where John, a grandson, continues the same occupation, and Mr. Harbaugh on the premises where his successors still reside, the business having ceased there long since. Nearly sixty years ago Joseph Richardson started the tannery on Market Street, which is continued in active operation by Simon Spiker. Daniel Hostetter located a tannery on the northeast corner of the public square some time about 1835. It was carried on by George Garrettson afterwards, then by Simon Spiker, and when discontinued was owned by George Nelson.

Mills and Woolen- Manufactories. - A lew years after the village was laid out, the first grist-mill, known as " Clapsaddle's Mill," was erected on the site, in the southeast part of the town, now occupied by the flax-mill. In 1812 or '13 a Mr. Hollingsworth started the first cardingmachine, immediately north of the Canton bridge. Near the same place, Caleb Whitacre erected grist- and saw-mills, the site of which was afterwards occupied by Mathew Elder for a fulling-mill and carding-machine. These were destroyed by fire many years ago. A company called the " New Lisbon Woolen- Factory Co." was incorporated by act passed Jan. 30, 1818.

About where the stone mill now stands Edmund Hays erected a grist-mill, - one among the early works of that kind in this vicinity. To the northeast of and adjoining the corporation, William Harbaugh erected a grist-mill, perhaps about 1815 or 1820, which, in following years, was converted into a distillery. On the same stream, some rods below, C. F. Heltnan built an oil-mill, about 1840, which was destroyed by fire after a few years. Lewis Kinny about 1815 built a woolen-manufactory where Jacob Roller's sawmill is at present. For many years it was operated by Orth & Straughn, two Germans, and about 1831 or '32 it came into the possession of Godfrey Beaumont, an Englishman. In 1834 or '35 the works, having been destroyed by fire, were temporarily rebuilt, and ran for some time.

In 1835, Dr. John McCook (father of Anson McCook, now member of Congress from New York), in company with others, erected a large brick building in the southeast part of the town as a woolen-factory. Not long after its completion it was rented by Godfrey Beaumont & Sons, and continued in active operation for many years, but it is now idle.

In 1850, Samuel Thompson put up the woolen-factory in the southern part of town, and operated it for a number of years. He sold it to a Mr. Watson, who continued the business a few years, when from some financial trouble the establishment went down, and was idle for a considerable period. In 1864, John Ogden became proprietor of the building and put its dilapidated portions into good condition. Business was carried on till Feb. 1, 1874, by John Ogden & Co., when an incorporated company was formed under the style of " The New Lisbon Woolen Manufacturing Company," of which Mr. Ogden was chosen President ; Nicholas Way, Secretary; Ezra Frost, John Burns, and Jacob Harbaugh,- Directors. Originally, the machinery was propelled by water-power from the canal, but now it is operated by a forty-horse-power steam-engine. The main building is 43 by 90 feet, to which an addition for a dyehouse has been annexed. The best improved machinery is used, consisting in part of two sets of cards and feeders, eight hundred and sixteen spindles, and fifteen looms, all worked by thirty-seven operatives. One ton of wool per week is manufactured into fabrics of best quality, including flannels, cloths, yarns, cassimeres, and blankets. Under the present management the establishment is in the best condition, is running with few or no stoppages, and its products stand as fair in market as any goods in that branch of industry.

Some time during the late war, James Burns and II. W. Briggs erected a planing-mill near the woolen-factory, which is now conducted under the firm-name of Briggs & Green.

The grist-mill built by Edmund Ilays was destroyed by fire in 1845 while owned by the late Daniel Harbaugh. It was rebuilt by him several years thereafter, aud in 1870 passed into the hands of John S. Hunter, of the present firm of Hunter & McCord. It has been greatly improved and does a prosperous business.

Ohio Cement- H orA'S. - When the canal was begun in 1836, large quantities of cement were discovered along the banks of the middle fork of Little Beaver, and in the construction of locks a great deal of it was used. Engineers and contractors pronounced it of the best quality ; and, as one proof of its excellence, when it became ncces- sary to remove one or more of these locks some thirty years afterwards, the mortar or grout was often found more solid than the stones, which it held together with the firmness of rock. Several mills and other machinery were constructed to manufacture this article for building purposes, and, although much has been thus used, there remains a sufficient supply for many years to come. In 1875 these rich deposits attracted the attention of capitalists, and during that year the Ohio Cement Company, of Cleveland, erected extensive works, which were set in operation in July of that year, and have since been running to a greater or less extent, producing about one hundred and fifty barrels of cement per day. The company has several large kilns, a cooper-shop, store-room, and a main building, in which a fifty-horse-power steam-engine operates a crusher and one run of stones for pulverizing the cement. The building is sufficient for four runs of stones, which will enable the proprietors to produce six hundred barrels of cement daily, ready for market. Many operatives are employed in mining the crude article, - often found in the shape of huge stones, - while others attend the machinery. The productions of these works have a good reputation and extensive sale.

New Lisbon Salt- Works. - When the great oil interests of the country were arresting so much attention, the fever for sinking wells attacked some of the people of New Lisbon. Borings were effected at different points, and at one place, just south of the west end of the Canton bridge, strong hopes of success were entertained, as gas rushed from the well with tremendous power for a short time ; but that and a contiguous well, each hundreds of feet in depth, soon proved failures, and were abandoned. Not so, however, with another well, a little to the northwest of the town. In 1866, when a company were boring there for oil and had reached the depth of six hundred and eightyseven feet, the drill struck a stream of salt water, which burst upwards, carried away everything movable in its progress, and ascended to the height of about one hundred feet, continuing thus for two days. Having ceased its flow, the well was sunk thirteen feet deeper, the search for oil abandoned, and the manufacture of salt begun. For two years the well yielded a supply of water at the surface sufficient for the manufacture of fifteen barrels of salt daily. A steamengine was applied at this time, when the product was much increased. In 1870, R. G. Eells became the lessee of the works for a term of years, and has since then been producing about thirty barrels of very superior salt daily, which finds a ready sale. About a dozen men are employed in and around the works in the different branches of the business. Coal for fuel is being mined from a bank near the establishment. In the early years of its operations sufficient gas issued from the well to keep the fires. These salt-works constitute one of the profitable industries of the vicinity, and the business will undoubtedly soon be extended.

Wagon- and Carriage-Makers. - Michael Stock, who came in 1806, was probably the first wagon-maker to start that business in the place. John and Samuel, his sons, followed the same trade as long as they lived at New Lisbon. John Burns also worked at that occupation. Win. Myers, successor to Rowland & Eells, and again successor to Eells

& Myers, is now the proprietor of a large carriage-making establishment where John Burns (long since deceased) made wagons fifty years ago. G. F. Adams, a German, almost half a century ago began the wagon-making business in the village, which, as a well-known local industry, is now conducted by his sons. Mr. Adams died a few years ago. John Q. Adams, as wagon -maker, began in a small way some years ago. He and his partner, Mr. Wagcly, are now turning out a large number of vehicles, from the finest carriage to the plainest.

Cabinet-Makers. - Of cabinet-makers, John Hoffman, Jacob Helman, and Joseph Leslie were the first. John Kinney, son of Lewis Kinney, learned the trade with Mr. Leslie, and carried on the business until 1829, when he died. Erastus Eells was another of Mr. Leslie's apprentices, and has followed his trade from 1828 to the present time. He and his son, Leonard H., are also undertakers of the village. Other early cabinet-makers were A. Hasness, James Coulter, John Fugate, Joseph, Henry, and Horace Hessin. Ezekiel Moore and Joseph Gillingham were the first chair-makers. About fifteen years ago William Patterson combined furniture and chair-making, and ultimately became a furniture-dealer. He sold to J. B. Britton, who was followed by James Dorrance & Son, who are yet in business. James S. Shields came here as a chair-maker in 1827, and followed that occupation for a longterm of years.

Carpenters. - Among the first carpenters appear the names of John Blecher, Peter Spiker, Matthew Adams, John L. Thompson, John llitz, Abel Lodge, John Armstrong, James McLaughlin, Jacob Campbell, Jacob Coblentz, Joseph Powell, John Reese, and William Kearns. In later years Thomas .Starr was an active contractor and builder, and has had many successes.

Gunsmithing. - John Small, gunsmith, came to New Lisbon in 1806, and followed his occupation many years. Barclay Salterswaith and John White also worked at the trade. Mr. Small was succeeded by his son David, and he in turn by his son Samuel, so that for more thau seventy years gunsmithing has been the occupation of the Small family at New Lisbon. Samuel continues the business.

Clock- and Watchmakers. - Jacob Hostetter, a native of Switzerland, who came to New Lisbon in 1805, followed the vocation of his countrymen many years, - that of clockand watch-making. Several of our old citizens yet have his clocks in their homes, and they continue to mark time satisfactorily. Charles D. Hostetter, after the death of Jacob, continued the business till about 1840. John Watt and George Williams carried on the same occupation for many years, as did John Scott afterwards. The active workers in horology now here are Joseph Custard, J. F. Benner & Son, and S. Cox.

Tin- and Coppersmiths. - The first tinner in the village was William Clapsaddle, about 1810. Mahlon Briggs began that business in 1820, and is yet connected with it. Joseph Morris was in New Lisbon in 1825, or near that date, Belas Lownsberry in 1828, and William Cary in 1830. John Morrison began coppersmithing in 1820. James McElroy followed that business and tinning from 1830 until his death. Lately - now 1879 - the place has had no active coppersmith.

Hatters. - More than forty years ago the hat-maker's trade was one of the active pursuits in New Lisbon. The pioneer in that line was Samuel Holland, who had a competitor named Jacob Clapsaddle. They were soon followed by William Hilderman, and subsequently by Michael Seydel, Frank Cope, Nathan Shafer, Joseph Way, David Shultz & Co., James S. Seaton, and S. S. Clark. Sometimes there were as many as three shops in the village. All these parties 11 fixed hats upon blocks for blockheads to wear but that occupation has long since gone out of existence at New Lisbon.

Clothiers. - Among the early tailors were John Frazer, Joseph Orr, Thomas Corbett, and Samuel Hoover. The latter carried on the manufacture of clothing somewhat extensively for those times, - fifty years ago. Elias McLaughlin, James Savacool, and F. F. Beck came at a later day. The latter plied his trade nearly forty years, and for about tbe same length of time was the bell-ringer at the courthouse. Daniel and William Dorwart came in 1836, and John Pitcairn in 1839; both continued business for a long time, and were followed by many others.

Shoemakers. - The names of Mathias Springer, John Fries (father of Dr. George Fries, M.C.), John Blecher, David Gowes, William P. Morris, and Joseph and Robert Estill are remembered as among the pioneer shoemakers of the place. H. P. Hessin and Samuel Reeder are at present the. proprietors of shoe-stores.

Harness- Makers. - William Hostetter, an old citizen of New Lisbon, says that Frederick Shultz was the first saddler in the village. John Alexander & Co., Henry Eeler, Philip Houtz, William Watson, Frank Lewis, Jacob Alter, and Charles Hillard also had shops. Alpheus Arter and John Scott were each carrying on shops started by themselves several years ago.

Bookbinders. - About 1829 or '30 a man named Ware had a little drug-store on Market Street, but his principal business was that of bookbinding, which he followed two or three years, and then moved away. Ten or twelve years afterwards John M. Williams began the bookbinding trade, but continued only a few years, when he left. At present J. Frost, who has been in the business a few years, is carrying on that occupation.

Various trades. - Within the last fifty years a number of trades were pursued by different parties. James Giles manufactured weavers' reeds, for which there was considerable demand, as many farmers had looms. He afterward became tallow-chandler. Henry Kroh made horn- and tortoiseshell combs; Henry Nold made pianos, and did what was regarded admirable work in those days; George Hinshelwood built small organs, and in after-years was succeeded by John W. Scott ; Ira Dibble was a saddletree-maker from 1820 till within the last thirty years; John Paul {(receded him a few years in the same business ; Peter S. Fraser began the manufacture of soap, which business he pursued some time, when he sold to Frederick Flugen, who continued a while, or until twenty years ago.

for many years James Starr, Sr., followed the business of making planes and other wood-work requiring skill and ingenuity. Since his death, which occurred some ten years ago, his son James has continued the business.

About 1808, Nicholas Kurtz commenced making spinning-wheels, reels, spools, and other articles needed by the farmers' wives and daughters for manufacturing flax and woolen clothing. Henry Stock learned the art of making these articles, and followed it for some years. Since the removal and death of these two men their occupation is one of the lost arts.

The first potter in the place was John Roontz. Philip Brown, Oliver Griffith, Zachariah Cox, Henry Springer, Samuel Watson, and Taylor Boyne engaged in the same business, all of them making red earthenware.

The first brickmakers in New Lisbon and vicinity were Maurice E. Morris, George Willets, Philip Deemer, two of the Albrights, Horatio White, Jack Hamil, and Auzey White. Brickmaking is now carried on by the Eagle Brick- Works, which also produce fire-brick and terra-cotta.

Mercantile Interests

The first dry-goods merchants were Joseph Stibbs, David Graham, and Thomas Cox, who conducted business on or near the corner of Washington and Jefferson Streets. David Arter, an old citizen, says that he remembers seeing such crowds of Indians trading there sometimes as to render that part of the town almost blockaded. They were made up of various tribes, - Senecas , Wyandot s, and others. Not long afterwards Martin and William Helman and John Street engaged in trade ; and subsequently came George Endley, Holland Green, Benjamin Hanna, John Briggs, David Begges, and Joseph Richardson. The following document indicates how the merchants had their stock conveyed from the Eastern cities in 1818;

''Memorandum of agreement made this 7th day of March, ISIS, between George Endley and D. Begges on the one part, and Harmon Brown, Moses Votaw, Philip Grey, and Isaiah Williams, of the second part. Witnesseth, the said Brown, Votaw, Grey, and Williams engaged to be in the city of Philadelphia against the 24th or 25th of April next ensuing, and drawing four loads of merchandise from Philadelphia to New Lisbon, at the rate of eight dollars and fifty cents per hundred pounds. In witness whereof we have signed our names.

On (lie 26th and 28th of March, Endley & Begges paid the teamsters $50 to $60 each, and it is supposed they started cn the trip East about that time. A team then consisted of six horses, and when an owner wished to be stylish he had each horse well harnessed, while, attached to his mane, two or three small bells hung to an iron bow. Sitting very erect on his saddle-horse, having a long whip ornamented with a fine silk cracker, used to give emphasis to his commands, the owner of such a " rig " often felt as though he would not exchange places with Julius Caesar. Coming into town, a team so caparisoned was often met by a crowd of admiring boys and men.

Among the prominent merchants who succeeded those mentioned were Henry Springer, Frank and William Skinner, George Garretson, Henry Endley, and others. At present the dry-goods trade is carried on by M. H. & D. Shultz. The senior member of the firm has been longer in the business than any other in New Lisbon, - a period of not less than sixty years. S. M. Shultz, H. Booth, John Way, George W. Nelson, B. F. Miller, John Burns, and J. D. Eakin are also in trade.

About 1814 a German named John Weistling established the first drug-store in New Lisbon. Its contents might have been contained in a common dry-goods box. Jacob Helman next carried on that business on a somewhat larger scale. About 1836, Martin Helman and his son Charles F. established a good drug-store, which was continued by them many years. The subsequent owners of the store were Pujbert Scott, G. S. Vallandigham, A. J. Blocksom, Hostetter & Hamilton, and the present M. N. Hamilton. About 1837, Hr. George McCook began the drug business, and was followed by Gregg & Nace, who continued it many years. Mathias Nace, Jr., is the present owner of this store. Another drug-store was opened about 1855 by R. B. Pritchard, which is at present the property of King & Young.