Granville Township (part 2 of 4)

"In 1832 the question was agitated of building a new court house. The people of Granville became much excited on the subject, and made great efforts to get the county seat removed to this place, offering to build the county buildings without charge to the county, or contribute largely thereto. Newark, however, being in posssssion, and being on the mairi line of the canal, overcame the enterprise of the Granvillians, and the county seat remained at Newark, and the peopfe of Newark were not required to contribute anything to retain it.

"The Granville feeder extended from Licking summit to Raccoon creek at Paige's woollen factory, about a mile and a quarter southeast of town. In order to have navigation as near the town as possible, the canal commissioners agreed to make the feeder navigable for boats to Paige's factory, provided the people of Granville would make it navigable from thence to the bridge at the Lancaster road. This they agreed to do. It involved a considerable expense, as a dam, guard-lock, lift-lock, and about half a mile of canal had to be bnilt U> render it navigable.

"A warehouse was erected at the head of navigation, and a boat built there by the Troy and Ohio line, under the superintendence of a Mr. Wallace, and it is supposed that it was the first canal-boat built south of Cleveland. The feeder was navigated until the furnace was abandoned in 1838, since which it has become dilapidated and out of repair.

"During the construction of the canal, many of the citizens were engaged as contractors on the work, among whom were A Munson, L. D. Mower, P. W. Taylor, Sylvester Hayes,

Levi Rose, Alfred Avery, Elias Fassett, Joseph Fassett, Simeon Reed, Byron Hayes, William Wing, Justin Hillyer, jr., Curtis Howe, Ashley A. Bancroft, Hugh and Dennis Kelley. Several of the above had large contracts, and they generally enjoyed the confidence of the canal commissioners. I have no doubt that more of such work was done by these people than was done by the people of any other township or county in the State. So far as I know, it is believed their contracts were generally remunerative.

"A water-cure was established in 1852, by Dr. W. W. Bancroft. The establishment was well patronized from the first, and has been very successful in the treatment of chronic and other diseases.* *

"In the late war for the suppression of the Rebellion, it is understood that the people of Granville patriotically responded to the calls of the Government, in all cases filling their quotas, and contributing in every' possible way to aid and assist those and the families of those who were called to the front. Several of the Granville boys shed their blood and lost their lives in the service of the country, and in defence of free institutions.

"Revel Everett was a Granville man. I remember him as being constable of the township. Afterwards he removed to Hartford, and for a time was engaged in merchandising and where he has continued to reside ever since.

* ' David Messenger, of the committee, I recognize as an old familiar friend, one whom I have known about as long as any other in the State, he being a resident of Granville when I arrived. He w'as a shoemaker by trade. I think he did not take kindly to it, or the business did not suit him. Hfe acquired considerable reputation as a player on the violin, and at the first dancing party I attended, six days after my arrival, he wras one of the musicians who made music for the dance. The other player was Fish, of Johnstown, and their 'Money Musk,' 'Fisher's Hornpipe,' and other tunes for country dances were not often excelled. About 1821 he came to Utica and engaged in merchandising, and continued the business some years.

" I believe none of the first settlers of Granville township now survive. There are few townships in the county whose reputation is as good as that of Granville, or one that has done more for the advancement of good morals and public and private enterprises."

-'Oren and Ralph Granger, brothers, each kept a tavern in Granville, and kept good houses. Oren died in 1821 or 1822 ; Ralph continued in the same business at times until 1830, when he removed to his farm, and died about 1866. Willard Warner kept a tavern in Granville four or five years and removed thence to Newark, where he kept at the Houston stand sometime. He was a mail contractor and represented Licking county in the senate one term.

"Major J. R. Munson was by profession a lawyer, and was a man of good natural ability ; was a representative in the legislature when it met at Chillicothe, and was said to have been instrumental in obtaining the charter of the Granville Alexandrian society, which, it was supposed, conferred banking

"Elias Fassett, before mentioned as a business man ot Granville, removed to Cleveland and thence to New York, engaging first in the dry goods business, then in brokerage, dealing in bonds and stocks until 1856, when he returned to his farm near Granville ; was elected president of the Central Ohio railroad company, holding the position some two years, and retiring to his farm, where he died suddenly in 1863."

In the early {lays of the agitation of the slavery question - between 1825 and 1840 - when an abolitionist was something of a curiosity in this county, Granville had her share of them, and her share of trouble in consequence. Quite an anti-slavery society was organized in that place, and although they dare do or say nothing openly for some years, they grew bolder by degrees, and began to hold meetings and have public speaking upon that allimportant subject. The men of Granville generally had minds and thoughts of their own upon all subjects, and Puritan blood was generally largely impregnated with abolition blood. Something was done here on the under-ground railway, and there were a few zealous workers in the abolition cause at all times, and their numbers continually increased. A majority of the people were, however, pro-slavery, as they were everywhere in the North.

About April 1, 1835, a Mr. Weld, an abolitionist, undertook to deliver a lecture in Granville, and was stoned and egged by a mob. He had lectured a few days before at Circleville, where he had also received rough treatment; the mob throwing eggs and stones thiough the window.

"One of the stones was so well aimed that it struck me on the head, and, for a moment, stunned me. I paused a few moments until the dizziness had ceased, and then went on, and finished my lecture. Meanwhile, some of the gentlemen had hung their cloaks up at the window, so that my head could not be so easily used as a target. "

"We, citizens of the town of Granville, in the county of Licking, and State of Ohio, having understood from common report, and from certain notices published in newspapers, that a State convention of delegates from the Abolition societies of Ohio is to be held in this place on the twenty-seventh day of April, ensuing ; and having had bitier experience, in times past, of the evil effects of abolition meetings, as tending to destroy the peace of society, and introduce discord and contention through all its constituent departments ; and learning that a great and increasing excitement already exists, not only in our own, but in the neighboring towns, in prospect of the contemplated meeting - we do, therefore, most earnestly remonstrate against any such meeting being held in our town on the twenty-seventh day of April, or any other day in the year. And we most earnestly call upon and request all officers and leaders of the abolition society, and all who are, or may be, appointed delegates to the said convention, if they have the least regard for our peace and welfare, or for the well-being of the religious, moral, and literary iustitutions established among us, to abstain from coming to said meeting. And we do hereby engage to use our best endeavors, by all lawful and proper means, to prevent any such public meeting from being held within the limits of our corporation.

This notice was signed by Elias Fassett, mayor: Samuel Bancroft, recorder; William S. Richards, Knowles Linnel, S. Spellman, S. Mower, Daniel Wildman, council, and by sixty-nine other citizens.

Notwithstanding this, the abolitionists held their meeting, though not, it seems, within the corporation. Mr. Briggs, in an editorial published in the Advocate , April 30, 1836, thus gives the result, heading his article "Bloody Wars in Canada:"

"The abolition convention adjourned on Thursday about noon. The day was distinguished by violence and bloodshed, though fortunately no lives were lost.

"On Wednesday evening, the abolitionists held a meeting in a school-house, about a mile south of Granville. During the evening a mob collected, and broke the windows with stones. They were driven off by the abolitionists. They dispatched expresses during the night to Martinsburgh, Utica, Mount Vernon and Newark, for re-inforcements, and accordingly a number of recruits were in the field on the next day, armed with clubs and ready for action.

"Twelve o'clock on Thursday was the time fixed upon for the commencement of hostilities. The convention adjourned about that time, and many of the members accompanied by ladies formed a procession about a mile from the village where the convention sat, and marched through the principal streets, where the mob was assembled. When they reached that point, the mob commenced hissing and yelling, and followed the procession to the ladies' academy, where the ladies left the proces- 1 sion; and then both parties resorted to clubs, dirks and bncibats, which they employed as knock-'em down arguments for and against the abolition scheme. The fighting continued at intervals for some time. One of the mob was dirked, and some of the abolitionists were knocked down with clubs, and one pelted with eggs most unmercifully. Three abolition horses" manes and tails were closely shaved. ** contributed by the abolitionists at Granville on Wednesday night, to support a press that is about to be established at Cincinnati, and to defray the expense of printing abolition tracts."

It will be seen from the above that both parties were very determined, and that the abolitionists were especially wide-awake, active, belligerent, in earnest, and ready with brain, muscle and money to further their cause. Thirty years from that time their cause emerged from the smoke, dust and blood of battle, triumphant.

"When Granville was first settled it was supposed that Worthington would be the capital of Ohio, between which and Zanesville this would make a great half-way town. At this time, snakes, wolves and Indians abounded in this region. On pleasant spring mornings, large numbers of snakes were found running on the flat stones. Upon prying up the stones, there was revealed a singular fact respecting the social nature of serpents. Dens were found containing very discordant materials, twenty or thirty rattle-snakes, black-snakes and copper-heads, all coiled up together. Their liberal terms of admission only seemed to require evidence of snakeship. Besides various turnouts to kill them, the inhabitants had one general hunt. Elias Gillman and Justin Hillyer were the captains, who chose sides, and the party beaten were to pay three gallons of whiskey. Tradition is divided as to the number killed that day; some say three hundred. They killed that year between seven and eight hundred rattle-snakes and copper-heads, keeping no account of the black and other harmless serpents. The young men would seize them by the neck and thrash them against the trees, before they had time to bite or coil around their arms. The copper-head, though smaller, was much more feared. The rattle-snake was larger, sooner seen and a true southerner, always living up to the laws of honor. He would not bite without provocation, and by his rattles gave the challenge in an honorable way. Instead of this well-bred warfare the copperhead is a wrathy little fellow, whose ire is always up, ai>d he will make at the hand or the foot in the leaves or grass, before he is seen, and his bite is as poisonous as that of his brother of the larger fang. The young men tested his temper and found that in his wrath he would bite a red hot coal. Very few were bitten by the rattle-snake, and all speak well of his good disposition and gentlemanly manners; but so many were bitten in consequence of the fractious temper of the copper-head, that he has left no one behind him to sound a note in his praise.

"The limb bitten became immediately swollen, turned the color of the snake, and the patient was soon unable to walk. In some cases the poison broke out annually, and in others the limb for years was inclined to frequent swellings. After all that was suffered from poisonous reptiles, it was proved to a demonstration that no animal is so poisonous as man. Carrying more poison in his mouth than any other creature, he can poison a venomous serpent to death quicker than the serpent can him. Martin Root and two other young men, chopping together, saw a rattle-snake, set a fork over his neck, and put into his mouth a new quid from one of their mouths. They raised the fork, and the poor creature did not crawl more than his length before he convulsed, swelled up and died, poisoned to death by virus from the mouth of one of the lords of creation. Deacon Hayes and Worthy Pratt tried the same experiment upon copper-heads, with the same result. Many others killed venomous reptiles in the same way, and one man pretended that by moderate use he had taught a copper-head to take tobacco without injury."

Of the adult pioneers of the Granville colony who came here in 1805, all are dead; a few of their children, however, whom they brought here at that date are yet living. Among them are Franklin and Ezekiel Gavitt, who live in Delaware county; Timothy M. Rose, yet living in Granville; Hiram P. Rose, living in Indiana; Justin and Truman Hilliar; Justin in Kansas and Truman in Columbus, Ohio. Sylvanus and Gideon Cornel are probably living. Leverett and Charles Butler are yet living in this county.

The Center Star lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, spoken of in Mr. Wing's paper as being first in the county, was organized by Mr. Job Case, Timothy Spellman, Justin Hillier, David Butler, and Elias Gilman. These gentlemen having received the degrees of symbolic Masonry in New England, united with a few others and presented a petition to Lewis Cass, grand master of Masons in Ohio, early in 1810, praying for a dispensation to organize a lodge in Granville. Mr. Cass came to Granville in person and organized the lodge, in the upper room of the dwelling of Deacon Timothy Rose. The lodge was chartered in January, 1811, and numbered eleven persons. Its first officers were: Job Case, worthy master; Timothy Spellman, senior warden, and Noble Landon, junior warden. The first place of meeting was a room in the second story of the residence of Elias Gilman, finished off for that purpose. The first Masonic hall in the county was ten by fourteen and a half feet in size. It had a window on the east side, a fire-place on the west side, and was the first room finished off and plastered in Granville. About a year after the organization of the lodge, a larger and more convenient room was secured in the residence of Grove Case. The first candidate initiated in this lodge was Hiram Rose. The first return to the Grand lodge included 1810 and 18 n, and showed a membership of twenty Master Masons, and, at the end of 1812, the membership had increased to thirty-nine.

The Granville of the present day is a beautiful, pleasant, healthy village, the people being more devoted to religious and educational matters than, perhaps, any other town of its size in the State.

About 1850 water works were projected and put in successful operation. Dr. Sinnet and a few other leading citizens were influential in getting these established, and thus giving the town the advantage of the purest of spring water. The water was brought from a spring on the farm of Colonel Woods, two miles northwest of town, and conveyed in earthen pipes to a reservoir near the "Sugar Loaf," a conical hill in the western suburbs of the town. From here it is distributed over the town, wherever wanted, in pipes. Those who use the water pay a rental of five dollars a year for an ordinary family.

The company that carried these works forward to completion was known as the "Granville Hydraulic company." As an investment, in a financial view, it did not pay, and probably its projectors thought less of making money out of it than of furnishing the inhabitants with pure water. April 13, i860, the company sold out to Mr. Sanford for two hundred and thirty-four dollars; subsequently Mr. Sanford died and willed the works to the town, one of the conditions, being that the town should pay to the Episcopal church one hundred dollars per annum.

One of the woollen factories, mentioned by Mr. Wing, stood about one and one-fourth miles below Granville on Raccoon creek, and was destroyed by fire about 1840. Another building was erected and used as a woollen factory until 1856. Subse quently, about 1857, Noah Clouse established the present machine shop in this building. The firm is Noah Clouse & Son, and they have conducted this business successfully to the present time.

Granville, however, lays no claim to being an unusual manufacturing or business place. There are several manufacturing establishments within the limits of the place, among which are the marble works, the planing mills of Jones Brothers and of Pratt Brothers. Both these firms make and deal largely in furniture. There are three dry goods stores, kept by George Parsons, Henry Green, and Mr. Craig ; two grocery stores, kept by Carter & Carter and H. L. Reed; one drug store, kept by Charles Bryant; one hardware store, kept by Jones Brothers; two banks, one national and j one private; two newspapers, two hotels, and the usual number of smaller establishments. The trades and professions are also well represented It does not appear that it is money and business that these people are living for; the whole community is deeply religious, highly educated, and, as one prominent educator expressed it, they are " interested in what the human mind can accomplish."

Chapter Lii

CONSIDERING Granville as an educational center, the history of its first schools and school-houses becomes a matter of some importance. From the character of the first settlers, who came from the land of schools and churches, it is not surprising that these institutions soon took root in the new settlement, grew and flourished, and are to-day among the best in the State.

The first school-house erected in Granville was in January, 1806, about two months after the arrival of the first detachment of the Granville colony. It was a rude log building, stood on the site of the Presbyterian church, and was used for church and school purposes. The colony was not much divided in church matters; nearly all belonged to the Congregational church they had organized in Granville, Massachusetts, and Those who were not regular communicants attended the church and assisted in its support This log building was used four or five years, when the church wanted a better building for its use and the old log must be taken away. This necessitated the erection of a new school-house. This second building was of brick, and was an imposing structure for those times. It stood at the foot of the hill, on Market street, facing Main ; was two stories and a basement in height ; it was solid and commodious, and did honor to the people. It was probably the first brick house in the village. For many of the first years of its existence, there were not children enough in Granville to fill it, and therefore part of it was rented for other purposes. The basement was used as a market-house, the upper room, a large hall, was used by the Masonic fraternity, and the second floor only was occupied as a school-room. This building was also used some time by the Episcopalians for holding services, before their church was erected. It served all the purposes of a school-house until 1854, when the present union school building was erected. This latter building is situated in the northeastern part of town, is a commodious brick, and probably accommodates two hundred scholars. Five teachers are employed. This is a district school, and the only school in town beside the three colleges.

Of these colleges, the first one was established in 1827, by the Congregational church, 01 in other words, by the Granville colony. Prominent members of the colony were instrumental in establishing this college, which fi rst went by the name of Granville academy. The building in which this college was established is yet standing. It is a small frame, and when first occupied by the school it stood on the lot now occupied by the residence of Dr. SinneL When this institution was first established, it was open for both male and female students. The female department was conducted on the domestic labor plan, the same plan upon which Denison university started out. That class of institutions was popular in those days, the idea being that a young person of either sex should be taught the various branches of labor necessary for them to understand in the battle of life, and those unable to pay their full tuition were thus enabled to earn part of it, and thereby were placed on an equal footing, in educational advantages, with their wealthier classmates. The female department of this school was under charge of Miss Marianne Howe in 1827; in 1828, under Miss Emma Little, and from 1830 to 1834, under the charge respectively of Miss Boardman, Miss Eels, and Miss Eliza Foster. In 1834, Miss Nancy Bridges and Miss Elizabeth Grant were teachers.

During the first eight or nine years of the early history of this school its managers were compelled to rent school rooms and buildings for their purpose wherever they could get them; and thus it was that the school was kept in various parts of town. It was not until 1836 that they were enabled to purchase six lots where the building now stands, of Grove Case, and in 1837 the main building (frame) now known as the Granville female college was erected. March 14, 1836, the school was incorporated by the legislature, section first reading as follows:

"Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Ohio: That there shall be, and hereby is established, in the town of Granville, in the county of Licking, an institution for the education of youth in the various branches of useful knowledge, by the name of 'Granville Academy,' and that Rev. Jacob Little, Samuel Bancroft, Spencer Wright, Knowles Linnel, Leonard Bushnell, William Smedley, Timothy M. Rose, Henry G. Bancoft, Ebenezer Crawford, Edwin C. Wright and William W. Bancroft, and their successors, be, and they are hereby appointed, trustees of said institution, and made a body corporate and politic, with perpetual succession, to be known by the name and style of 'Trustees of Granville Academy.'"

Other sections followed, but space cannot be allowed for them. These trustees 'held their first meeting May 26, 1836, and organized by electing Rev. Jacob Little, president, W. W. Bancroft, secretary, and Samuel Bancroft, treasurer.

Board, in those days, could be had for eightyseven and a half cents per week, and the tuition was four dollars and twenty-five cents per quarter.

Upon the expiration of Miss Bridges' term as principal in 1841, Mr. H. R. Gilmore was elected and served one year. August 4, 1842, Miss Hannah O. Bailey was elected principal, assisted by Miss Hamlin.

The domestic labor system for students did not work according to the expectations of its friends, and in this institution if was accordingly abandoned February 9, 1844.

February 11, 1845, William D. Moore rented the academy buildings for three and a half years, at the end of which time he re-rented and continued principal of the school until 1854. May 9th of this year a contract was made with William P. Kerr, the present principal of the college, and from that time to the present, with the exception of five years, between 1872, and 1877, when it was conducted by others, he has had charge of the college as principal and manager.

Very early in its history this school was merged into a female academy, the male department being abandoned. Its projectors determined it should become a first class college for the higher education of women. One of its by-laws required that every teacher should be a consistent Christian, the great purpose of its founders being to advance morality and religion. It was established on the Mt. Holyoke plan, and so continued until 1845, when, under Mr. Moore, it was conducted on the boarding-house plan, and has so continued to the present

The contributors to the erection of the main building in 1837 were citizens of Granville and largely by those who made their money by hard work. This building is quite large, four stories in height and a basement. An addition of brick was made about 1864-5, and the institution will easily accommodate one hundred students, as regular boarders and lodgers, and fifty or seventyfive additional, without lodging. Recently a steam heating apparatus has been placed in the basement, which works to a charm, and the atmosphere of the great building, including all its private and public rooms and labyrinth of halls, is continually kept a pleasant summer temperature, making it a most comfortable and desirable home for the young ladies from all parts of the country who attend the college. The first floor of the main building is occupied by the dining room, the parlors, reception rooms and dwelling rooms of the principal and his family; the second and third floors are principally occupied by the students, their rooms being generally fifteen or twenty feet square, all nicely furnished and finished, and occupied generally by two students each. A few rooms on the second floor of this building are also used as school rooms, the primary school room having its location here. The brick addition is mainly occupied by the gymnasium, in charge of an efficient teacher, a chapel and recitation room. Every provision seems to have been made for the health, comfort and thorough training of the inmates in all that goes to make up the sum of human happiness. It is probably one of the most complete and thoroughly equipped institutions in the country for the purposes for which it was designed. The principal, W. P. Kerr, has been untiring in his devotion to the interests of this institution, and it is mainly due to his persevering efforts that the institution has been brought to its present proud position among the educational institutions of the State. His attainments in scholarship are of a high order; he is genial, and social, and a pure minded Christian gentleman, to whom parents may safely trust the education of their daughters.

Primary Department. - Reading and pronunciation, written arithmetic, familiar science, spelling and defining, geography, grammar, mental arithmetic, map drawing, penmanship.

Preparatory Department. - Written arithmetic, physical geography, Latin reader, English grammar, United States history, Bible - Genesis, analysis, Latin grammar, composition, penmanship, algebra.

During the course, exercises in reading, spelling and penmanship, reviews of common English branches, and weekly exercises in composition and the Bible are required of all.

college is the musical, at present in charge of Professor G. H. H. C. Lowery, M. A., a graduate of the London, Heidelberg and Paris conservatories - a gentleman who has made music a lifetime study, who has perfected himself under the best masters in Europe.

Granville Female Institute. - This institution was established aboutt 1832, by the Baptist society, the preliminary steps being taken by Mr. Charles Sawyer, then a resident of Granville. He was foremost in contributing of his own means, and obtaining means from others for the erection of the seminary tfuilding and boarding-house - two large frame buildings, occupying beautiful grounds on Main street, in the western part of the town. The following advertisement regarding this college appears in the Newark Advocate of March 2,

"Granville Female Seminary. - In establishing this seminary, it is the object of the trustees to build up a first rate school, suited to the wants of the west. They are happy in now being able to inform the public that they have appointed Mr. James W. Poland, of Massachusetts, who, aided by competent female teachers, is expected to take its superintendence about April 1st. Until the arrival of Mr. Poland, the school, now in successful operation, will continue under the care of Mrs. Gear. Next quarter will commence Monday, March 4th."

The above is signed by William S. Richards, chairman of trustees, and James Berry, recording secretary. It is also endorsed by John Pratt, principal of the Granville institution, and Paschal Carter, professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, in the same institution.

The teachers under Mr. Poland were Miss Ingraham and Miss Isabella R. Clarke, of Massachusetts; the latter becoming superintendent in 1835. Miss Maynard and Miss Trimble were employed the next year, and Messrs. Moore and Converse were also principals one year. Dr. Burton had control of this school one or two years, and Mansfield French was principal, following Mr. Burton.

About 1840 Rev. Alva Sanford obtained possession of the property, and changed the name and influence of the school, he being an Episcopalian. He called it the Episcopal Female seminary, and pontinued to conduct the school with a considerable degree of success for fifteen years. At the end of this period Solomon Sanford assumed control of the institution, continuing its priucipal, however, only about a year. Under control of the Sanfords the school flourished, and was a great help to the Episcopal church. In 1856 Rev. C. S. Doolittle and Joseph Lindley became proprietors, and conducted the school about three years, when they concluded to move it to Mansfield, Ohio. This seemed to be at the time an unfortunate move for the school, and especially for the Episcopal church. The buildings were closed for a time. In i860 Rev. N. S. Buxton and wife opened a ladies' female institute in the basement of the Baptist church, with the thought, probably, of reviving the Baptist seminary which had been replaced by the Episcopal. This school continued about two years, when Rev. M. Stone purchased the seminary buildings, and opened a school, when both schools were consolidated under Mr. Stone, and came again under control of the Baptist denomination, where it has ever since remained. The name was again changed to the Baptist Female seminary.

Mr. Stone gave good satisfaction as an instructor, but circumstances rendered it necessary for him to dispose of the property, which he did to its present proprietor, Rev. D. Shepardson, D.D., who became principal in 1867. Dr. Shepardson changed the name of the college to the Granville Female seminar}'.

Denison University. - This institution was organized at Granville, Ohio, December 13, 1831, as the Granville Literary and Theological institute, and incorporated February 3, 1832. Its first professor and president was the now venerable and highly esteemed John Pratt, D. D., who continued to occupy a position in its faculty until 1859, and now lives on a farm near the former site of the college, honored by all who know him.

The school was at first organized on the manual-labor idea, and was located on a farm of some one hundred and thirty-five acres, about one mile southwest of the village - the farm, valued at three thousand three hundred dollars, having been given by the Baptist church and citizens of Granville as an inducement to locate the school there. In 1837 Rtv. Jonathan Going, D. D., then secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission society, was called to the presidency, and moved to Granville, administering the affairs of the school to the great satisfaction of its friends until 1844, when he died. In 1845 the name was changed to Granville college, and in 1846 Rev. Silas Bailey, D. D., LL. D., was called to the presidency.

At a meeting of the trustees in August, 1833, the institution was organized into four departments, viz.: Preparatory, English, collegiate and

The "manual labor system" adopted by this college was persevered in for some years. The students were required to be daily occupied with some kind of work, either on the farm or in some mechanical pursuit; the trustees early "resolved, as soon as practicable, to furnish them with work and the instruments for performing it, and to pay them the value of their labor."

In addition to Rev. John Pratt, who was then professor of moral philosophy, the first faculty consisted of Pascal Carter, A. M., professor of mathematics and natural philosophy; Asa Drury, A. M., professor of languages, and A. H. Frink, A. M., principal of the preparatory department.

In the spring of 1832, the buildings of the institution were destroyed by fire, which caused some embarrassment, but new and more commodious buildings were promptly erected during the ensuing summer.

In the Baptist Weekly Journal of November 29, 1831, published in New York city, Dr. Jonathan Going writes as follows regarding this institution:

" With such a corps of teachers as President Pratt, professors Carter, Drury and Frink (I speak from personal acquaintance with these gentlemen, except the last named), with a hundred pupils, including already a dozen regular college students; in a location so delightful and healthy, in the heart of the great and growing State of Ohio, where expenses are so small, and with arrangements for manual labor in agriculture and various branches of mechanic arts, which will at once diminish these, and promote health of body and mental vigor, it requires no spirit of prophecy to predict the future prosperity of the institution. I am persuaded, indeed, that it presents even now facilities for acquiring a thorough education inferior to none in the western valley, while it promises in future to hold respectable rank among similar institutions, which happily are rising into importance at different points."

During its early history the college was greatly straitened in its finances, and for years passed through the trials and vicissitudes incident to young institutions in those times. In 1852 Dr.

In 1855, the location of the college was changed to the present elevated and beautiful site just north of the village, and its friends rallied and erected a new building which is four stories high, one hundred and thirty-three feet by eighty-three feet deep in the middle, with wings forty-five feet deep. It contains, besides recitation rooms and society halls, thirty-three suites of rooms (sitting room, bedroom,

In the following year (1856-7) a frame building, three stories in height, was erected. The present grounds contain twenty-four acres, nearly half of it being a grove of old forest trees.

From this time the school entered upon a new career of prosperity. The Baptists of Ohio began to rally around it, students came to it, and it was enabled to take an important place among the edu catio'nal institutions of the State. In 1853 the entire assets of the college, including all endowments, amounted to only thirteen thousand seven hundred and seventy-two dollars and sixty-five cents; but in 1856 William S. Denison, of Adamsville, gave ten thousand dollars toward the endowment, and in his honor the name was changed to Denison university.

In 1863 Dr. Hall resigned, and Rev. Samson Talbot, D. D., was elected to the presidency, and continued to discharge the duties of the office, to the great satisfaction of the trustees and patrons, until his sudden and lamented death in 1873. In 1869-70, the second building (that on the right hand in the cut) was erected, still larger in dimensions than the former. It contains a chapel, natural history room, and accommodations for seventytwo students. In 1863 the Baptist convention of Ohio undertook to raise an endowment of one hundred thousand dollars, which was completed in 1867, and the full amount has thus far been preserved intact, an income of six per cent, on the amount being available, annually, for the payment of salaries of professors. In 1872-3 another fund of seventy-five thousand dollars was raised and is held in like manner. These funds are largely due to the intelligent munificence of E. E. Barney, E. Thresher, and W. P. Huffman, of Dayton, J. M. Hoyt, of Cleveland, and other noble brethren scattered throughout the State.

In 1875 Rev- & Benjamin Andrews, A. M., was elected president, and continued in the office until 1879, when he resigned, and Rev. Alfred Owen, D. D., was elected to succeed him.

In 1877 W. H. Doane, musical doctor, of Cincinnati, donated to the college the sum of ten thousand dollars, for the purpose of erecting a building for the library and cabinet. This building was dedicated at the commencement in 1878. It is substantial and beautiful ; and is believed to be as well adapted to its purpose as any such building in the country. It is called "Doane Hall."

There is*on the premises (unrepresented on the cut, hidden by' Doane Hall), a wooden building originally erected on the farm above referred to, but removed to the present site and now appropriated to a gymnasium and armory for the use of the students. The present value of the buildings and grounds is about seventy-five thousand dollars, and the endowment at the present time, with no debt, about one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars, making the total value of the property two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, besides the library and apparatus.

The university library contains ten thousand volumes, and with the two society libraries makes the whole number of volumes available to the students at least founteen thousand.

The university library, in Doane hall, is open in term time, daily, except Sundays, for the use of the members of the college classes. The college reading room, open every forenoon and evening, is supplied with the choicest daily and weekly papers, and with the best English and American magazines and reviews.

The cabinet contains a choice selection of shells, and a full series of specimens for illustrations in geology, mineralogy, Zoology, and archaeology. During term time it is open daily, except Sundays, to students and visitors. Students have the use of the university library, as well as the cabinet, free of charge. Both library and cabinet are receiving constant accessions.

There are two college literary societies - the Calliopean, founded in 1834, and the Franklin, founded in 1843. They publish a bi-monthly paper, the Denison Collegian , devoted to literary themes and college and town news. There is a literary society connected with the preparatory department - the Ciceronian. The society of Alumni was organized in 1859, and the Reading Room and Lecture association in 1873.

The aim of instruction has been, from the first, to secure the greatest accuracy and thoroughness. The graduates of the university have taken rank with any others in the professional schools where their studies have been continued, and in society.

The charter, amended in 1867, vests the management of the university in a board of thirty-six trustees, to be chosen exclusively from members in good standing and full fellowship in regular Baptist churches of Ohio, who shall hold their office only so long as they retain such membership and continue to reside in the State - five, at least, to be resident freeholders of Licking county. These are divided into classes of twelve each, the term of office being three years. The following is the present board of trustees - term expires June, 1 88 1 : Honorable J. M. Hoyt, LL. D., Cleveland;

These men are generally faithful to their trust, and give their best thought and most earnest attention to the affairs of the college. Twenty-one of them were present at the last meeting, and their deliberations were marked by great unanimity of thought and purpose.

The faculty is composed of men most of them long tried and found to be thoroughly prepared for and interested in their work. Dr. Owen, the president, has won the high regard of his colleagues and the entire confidence of the board, as well as the respect and esteem of students and citizens. There is to be no change in the corps of instructors for the coming year. The faculty consists of the following able men :

Rev. Alfred Owen, D. D., president; Maria Theresa Barney, professor of intellectual and moral philosophy; Almon U. Thresher, A. M., professor of rhetoric and English literature ; Lewis

John L. Gilpatrick, A. M., Benjamin Barney, professor of mathematics and physics; Charles Chandler, A. M., professor of the Latin language and literature; Rev. Richard S. Colwell, A. M., professor of the Greek language and literature; John W. Moncrief, A. M., instructor in Latin, Greek and history (English and Greek,) and principal of preparatory department ; Bunyan Spencer,

A. B., instructor in English grammar, elementary physics and mathematics; Professor Charles Chandler, librarian; Professor A. U. Thresher, curator of buildings and grounds.

The next anniversary closes fifty years of educational work at Granville - a fact of no mean importance. Few institutions in the land can point to a fairer record. It is doubtful if more has been done, with equal resources, anywhere on the continent. The college has had, from the first, a wellearned reputation for careful training and thorough scholarship, which it hopes to maintain in all time to come.

This semi-centennial will be appropriately observed. A committee of the trustees is appointed, and the co-operation of alumni and students is specially invited, that the end of fifty years may result in such awakened enthusiasm and hope as will bear the work forward both in attempting and accomplishing greater things in the future.

The following extract from the report of the committee appointed in 1878, to examine the financial condition of the college, will be found inter- j esting in this connection:

"The committee appointed to prepare a statement as to the history and condition of the funds of the university, present the following. In submitting their report, the committee offer as prefatory, and as being necessary to its completeness, the substance of a paper prepared by Dr. Talbot in 1863, which presents an exhaustive and complete exhibition of the finances of the college from its origin to the date of that paper. This exhibit divides those thirty-two years into two periods; The first extending from the origin of the college in 1831 to 1853; the second from 1853 to 1863.

"It was ascertained that the entire assets of the college in 1853, including all endowments, were only thirteen thousand seven hundred and seventy-two dollars and sixty-five cents. At the end of the second period in 1863 the entire endowments of the college were estimated at fifty thousand dollars. Dr. Talbot was appointed president of the college at the June meeting of the trustees in that year. The college was at that time in a very precarious condition. The country being in the midst of our late civil war, was depressed in all its interests almost to despair. The faculty were without any visible means of support, except the tuition fees of the scanty number of students, and that number was constantly decreasing by enlistment in the volunteer armies of the Government. In this state of affairs the trustees resolved to petition the Baptist convention of the State of Ohio, to recommend to the friends of the college to raise some endowment for the support of its faculty. This petition was presented to the convention at its annual meeting in October, 1863, and the convention resolved to recommend the raising of a special endowment of one hundred thousand dollars. This undertaking was assumed by a few individuals in manner as set forth in the following plan:

' "The undersigned residents in the State of Ohio propose to raise the full sum of one hundred thousand dollars, to be held as a permanent fund, the annual income of which only may be expended in sustaining the faculty of instruction in Denison university, at Granville, Ohio.

* "To secure this object, we, the undersigned, 'agree to pay the several sums set opposite our respective names to William P. Huffman, of Dayton, Hubbard Colby, of Mansfield, and George F. Davis, of Cincinnati, or either of them, to be held by them in trust, and invested in such form as they may deem best, until with the accrued interest, the entire sum of one hundred thousand dollars shall have been secured, when they shall call a meeting of the contributors at Granville, Ohio, by sending a written notice to each, and publishing it at least two weeks in the yournal and Messenger, or the denominational paper, to determine whether the money shall be paid over to the trustees of Denison university, or to a separate board of trustees of endowment fund, to be then incorporated under the act passed March 12, 1853. At this meeting a majority of the persons present, representing in person or by proxy the sums contributed, shall be a quorum to transact business, each one hundred dollars contributed entitling the person representing it to one \ ote, and a majority of the votes determining to which body the funds shall be entrusted. In no event, however, shall any part of the principal be used, but the annual income only shall be appropriated as aforesaid.'

"This endowment was consummated in 1867. At a meeting of the subscribers to this fund held in Granville, June 27, 1867, it was ascertained that the full amount of reliable subscription somewhat exceeded one hundred thousand dollars, and it was resolved to pay over to the trustees of Denison university the full amount of this subscription in trust, for the object for which the funds were given with the specifications and restrictions attached thereto. This trust was accepted by the college at a meeting of its trustees, held in Granville on the same day, as above specified, and is known on our records as the hundred thousand dollars fund.

' ' Thus it will be seen that|the university holds in trust a special fund of one hundred thousand dollars, limited in its application to the support of the faculty, the annual income of which only can be expended. In 1872 and 1873, seventy-five thousand dollars were raised, known as the twenty-five thousand dollar subscription and the fifty thousand dollar subscription. These distinctions were caused by a proposition, in 1872, by Mr. K. E. Barney, a trustee, to give ten thousand dollars upon condition that the full sum of twenty-five thousand dollars could be raised, and by a proposal of the same, in 1873, to give twenty-five thousand dollars, provided the full sum of fifty usand dollars could be raised. These conditions were fulfilled, and the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars was raised. These funds were given to meet the current wants of the university, without limitation, except that no part of the principal should ever be used, nor any more than six per cent, of the income in any one year. The fifty thousand dollar subscription was accepted by the trustees under very heavy penalties of forfeiture, provided any part of the principal or any more than six per cent, of the income should ever be used, or any part of the principal or more than six per cent, of the income of any other funds belonging to the university, then known to the subscribers.

The centennial endowment fund, consisting of one thousand dollars, given by Mr. J. B. Trevor, of New York, and sundry small sums, called "the dollar roll," collected in 1876 by Rev. T. J. Sheppard, amounting

And two thousand dollars presented by Mr. J. D. Rockefeller, a trustee, one thousand dollars at the annual meeting of trustees in June, 1878, and one thousand dollars at a special meeting held October 24th, of the same year 2,000

"The committee recommend that the above small sums, amounting to sixteen thousand seven hundred and seventy-five dollars, all of which are now applicable, in their annual income, to the current expenses of the university, be added, for the sake of convenience in keeping accounts, to the seventy-five thousand dollar fund; and that this sum, when both funds are united, be known as the consolidated endowment fund, amounting to ninety-one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five dollars; and that the expenditure of interest from this fund and the one hundred thousand dollar fund, agreeably to sundry obligations assumed by the trustees, as before stated, be restricted to a sum not exceeding six per cent, annually.

"In addition to the above, there have been added to the endowment of the university, since 1863, the new brick edifice, estimated at a cost of thirty-five thousand dollars, in which is a commodious chapel, completed in the fall of 1871; the library building, estimated at a cost of ten thousand dollars, presented to the university by Mr. W. H. Doane, a trustee; and sundry additions made to the library, philosophical apparatus, etc., estimated at a cost of ten thousand dollars.

Talbot, widow of the late president, Samson Talbot, the annual income of which is to be paid to her quarterly for fifteen years from the date of the first payment to Mrs. Talbot, or, in the event of her marriage or death, for the benefit of her children, until the youngest is eighteen years of age, when said fund becomes the property of the university, and its annual income becomes applicable to its ordinary annual expenditures. Also the Mary Arnold Stevens fund of five hundred dollars, given by Professor William A. Stevens, to perpetuate the memory of his honored mother, the annual income of which is to be appropriated, under the advice of the faculty, to deserving students."

"The whole life and administration of the college without being sectarian, is pronounced and positive in favor of the Christian religion. The exercises of each day begin with prayers in the college chapel. This service the students are required to attend. They are also required to attend church twice each Sunday. A regular weekly prayer meeting is sustained in the college. Students are made welcome in the various Sundayschools of the village. In the Baptist Sunday-school, several classes, taught by college instructors, are intended expressly for students.

a 1 It is the desire of the trustees and faculty, to conserve, and as far as possible, advance, the honorable reputation already accorded to this college, for thoroughness, and other excellencies of mental discipline. The aim is to build, fashion, and develop young men, in the most earnest and successful manner possible, intellectually and morally, for the higher vocations and duties of life. Every possible resource and effort is, and will be, employed in furtherance of this end.

"Many considerations particularly recommend Denison university as a place for acquiring liberal learning. Its courses ot study are thorough and comprehensive; students in it are peculiarly free from incentives to dissipation ; they are constantly subject to a strong Christian influence; the location of the university is beautiful and salubrious; means of living are obtainable at a low price, and the intellectual life of the college community is quickened by the presence of other schools."

Source changes here: from History of Licking County, O. Its Past and Present, by N.N. Hill Jr, published 1881; 23,802 words in this source stream.

Granville Township

- JONES, THE FoRDS AND BENJAMIN - MEETING WITH ISAAC STADDEN IN RAMP CREEK VALLEY - A DISCREPANCY IN DATES - First CABINS - WELSH HILLS SETTLERS - FiRsT BIRTH AND DEATH - A SKETCH OF JONES' LIFE - CANE PRESENTATION - SETTLERS OF 1803 AND 1804 - COMING OF THE GRANVILLE COLONY - ITS ORIGIN - ORGAN- - IZATION IN GRANVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS - PURCHASE OF LAND IN OHIO - THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION AND SUBSCRIBERS THERETO - THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES - CHARACTER OF THE COLONISTS - GENERAL AUGUSTINE MUNSON; SOMETHING OF HIS LIFE AND MATTERS CONNECTED THEREWITH - ARRIVAL OF TILE COLONY IN Ol1IO - THEIR First RELIGIOUS SERVICE - AMOUNT, LOCATION AND SURVEY OF THE LAND - LOCATION OF THE VILLAGE - PUBLIC SALE OF THE LAND - FiRST CHURCH AND SCHOOL-HoUsE - THE CHURCH ORGANIZATION OF THE COLONISTS -

HIS township is second in the county in population, wealth and influence. in being peopled from the start with first-class settlers - people of intelligence, thrift and energy. They were from New England and a province in Old England - Wales. The former were shrewd, pushing, enterprising, money-making; and both were honest, industrious, religious. Both came in oganized communities, determined to establish permanent, prosperous and happy homes in the far west. The combination of the various elements of which these communities were composed, was a most fortunate one, and probably a more desirable population could not be found in the State or United States than they furnished to Granville township. With this foundation to build upon, is it any wonder the superstructure is solid, beautiful, attractive, and destined to have a history of continually increasing importance, and an influence for good that will extend its boundary continually as the years go by?

The township was organized in 1807, out of the west half of Licking township, Fairfield county. The latter township then embraced all of what is now Licking county, except the Refugee lands. This being cut in two in the center, the west half was named Granville,.and was, therefore, the second township organized in this territory.

and is clayey, but produces wheat and all the small grains in abundance. It was all heavily timbered with the different varieties of oak and other hard woods that flourish on the uplands. This part of the township seems to have been very attractive to the Welsh people, by whom it was mainly settled, probably from the fact that it was, at an early day, far more healthy than the miasmatic bottoms of Raccoon and Licking. Since the county has been cleared, cultivated and settled, these bottoms are as healthy as the 'Welsh Hills," and far more productive. There is, however, a good deal of rich bottom land in the township along the Raccoon fork and its tributaries. The peculiar blending of hill and valley in this beautiful region attracted the New England pioneers, who also dreaded the ague and malaria of the broader and more swampy bottoms of Licking, and yet desired bottom land for farmirfg purposes. 'There is a gentle terraced incline down the Raccoon from Granville to Newark. This stream of clear, beautiful water passes across the township a little south of its center, tumbling over a rocky and gravelly bed, and is the only stream of consequence within the township limits.

An Indian trail branched from the main trail near Newark, and passed across the township up the Raccoon valley to the Wyandot village near Johnstown. Unfortunately no Indian history has been preserved in connection with this township - and this is the case, also, with most other town- ships in the ccunty - though there is no doubt that this territory, especially the valley of the Raccoon, was extensively used by them as a hunting ground. No permanent Indian camps appear to have had an existence here, unless prior to historic times.

The works of the Mound Builders in this township are very numerous and interesting; indeed, in number and varied character are scarcely excelled by those of Newark township. The Raccoon valley and contiguous territory constitute, probably, the most interesting territory in the State, or even in the United States for the antiquarian. Mounds of different sizes and heights, earthworks of every kind known to the historian exist here in great numbers. Numbers yet to be seen and traced may almost be counted by the hundred, while many, very many, have disappeared entirely, by the ravages of time and the plow, and live only in the memory of the oldest inhabitants. care seems to be taken to preserve these mounds and works. Wherever they are in the way of the tiller of the soil, they are ruthlessly plowed down or dug away. 'They are disappearing with comparative rapidity, and very soon, with few exceptions, will live only in history. Occcasionally they are erected upon high peaks, or places inaccessible to the plow and cultivator, and in such places are, of course, in the best state of preservation. The traveler between Newark and Granville will observe many of these mounds, a few yet pretty well pre- the Raccoon; but the better preserved works, and those probably the most interesting, are located upon the hills that shut in the valley. Captain M. M. Munson, who occupies a beautiful farm in the midst of these mounds, and who -has made them something of a study, is confident that around the great Aligator mound, located not far from his house, is a complete system of mounds and earthworks that point to it as a common center. However this may be, there is certainly a large circle of works in this vicinity, extending several miles in every direction, and seemingly connected with each other and with the "Old Fort" near Newark and its contiguous works.

shape and form of this reptilian monster are distinctly presented, so that all admit, at the first glance, that it was undoubtedly intended to represent the alligator or American crocodile. His entire length is two hundred feet. The greatest breadth of his body is twenty feet, and his length between the fore legs and hind legs is fifty feet. The limbs are each twenty-five feet long. The head, fore shoulders and back have an eleva-~ tion varying from three to six feet, while the remainder of the body averages considerably less. The head, limbs and tail gradually taper off to their termination. 'The scholarly author of ''Pre- Historic Man" visited this effigy in 1876, just before the issue of the third edition of his work, and he expresses the belief that it 'symbolizes some object of special awe and veneration, thus reared on one of the chief 'high places' of the nation, with its accompanying altar, upon which these ancient people could witness the celebration of the rites of their worship, its site having been obviously selected as the most prominent feature in a populous district abounding in military, civic and religious structures." It is probable this effigy was an object of worship, as the Mound Builders were certainly a superstitious and idolatrous race. It probably belongs to the same class of mounds as the "Eagle mound" in the "old fort." The hill upon which the Alligator mound is situated, is a "spur" jutting into the level bottom, and not far from the foot of the hill, and to the east of it perhaps one-fourth of a mile, on the level bottom, is the curiously shaped mound called the '"Crescent." It is an "immense pile of dirt," which seems to lie upon top of the ground as if it had been transported from a distance, thrown down there and fashioned into the shape of a half-moon or crescent. It is composed largely of gravel and in its composition differs largely from the dark, loamy earth around it. 'This mysterious crescent-shaped pile has been plowed over for fifty years or more, and of course is much reduced in height, but is yet probably six or seven feet high. It is large and thick in the center, and tapers in either direction toa point. It is located on lot number eight of the Granville purchase, now owned by D. M. Knapp.

the bottom land near the Crescent, and to the south of it. When the first settlers entered this valley, and for several years afterward, this immense circular wall was plainly visible and was two or three feet in height in places. It enclosed seventy-five or eighty acres of beautiful bottom land, and, like the Crescent, the embankment seemed to have been made without digging the earth from either side of it, no ditch appearing. This work covered portions of lots seven, eight, nine and ten of the Granville purchase, and the larger part of it was between Centerville street and the bluffs on the north of the valley, though it extended, probably, slightly south of Centerville street. 'The done its work, and this work of antiquity has probably entirely disappeared. It is said that the embankment was without a break or gateway, and.

North of this, half a mile or more, east of the Crescent about the same distance, and upon a "spur" of the bluffs, on the "Fort Hill" or Mc- Cune farm is one of the most wonderful of all the ancient works in this section - wonderful from its size, peculiar shape and internal arrangement. It is situated upon lots five and six of the Granville purchase, extends a little into the Welsh Hills purchase, and was evidently intended, from its cutside ditch and high embankment, as a military work. Even to this day the embankment is in places, measuring from the bottom of the ditch to the top of the embankment, ten feet in height, though generally it is much lower than this; but when first erected it must have been a work of _considerable magnitude. It incloses about fifty acres of ground. The embankment, evidently a breast-work, is a perfect piece of engineering skill, following closely the sinuosities of the brow of the hill, and wherever there is a ditch or depression in the hill, the embankment is higher than in other places. Conforming as it does to the form of the surface of the hill it is irregular in shape.

Upon the hill, inside of this inclosure, two small circular works appear, inclosing about half an acre each. These have been plowed over many years and are much worn away, though the walls ate probably yet three or four feet in height.

These smaller works are in the form of circles, without any break in the walls, and are both located upon thethighest part of the hill, and near to its southern extremity, or, at least, a little south of the center of the greater work. 'They are very near each other and lie on an east and west line. From the manner in which some of the forts of to-day are built, it would seem that these two smaller works were erected as places of last resort, or, in other words, as works in which to rally and fight after being driven from the outer defences. In the most easterly of these two circular forts, east and west line very near each other, and now not over two or three feet high. The whole surface of the hill is under cultivation, and this great work of antiquity is slowly disappearing in consequence. Sull further to the east of this work, and upon the bluffs, is situated what is known as the "'reservoir," evidently once an artificial lake or reservoir for water. It is situated on lots two and three of the Granville purchase, now owned by M. M. Munson, and is probably twenty rods across the top. above mentioned, is located in a natural depres- sion in the hills, and has evidently been scooped out with great labor. Near this, and a little east of north, on lot two, isa "sugar loaf" or conical mound of considerable size - -probably fifteen feet in height and forty or fifty feet in diameter at the base. This mound is in a good state of preservation.

Still traveling eastward upon the bluffs, two conical hills are reached in half a mile or more, upon which are two small mounds, apparently scraped up to increase the height of these points as lookout stations. One is located upon the eastern and the other upon the western line of the farm of I. E. Bancroft, and not far from the eastern line of the township.

On the southern end of lot eight, of the Granville purchase, belonging to Messrs. 'Il'. M. and 'T. Rose, very near and just south of Centerville street is a curious heap of sand, for which it is hard to account, unless it be that the Mound Builders placed it there. It is in the center of a fine alluvial bottom, and is irregular in form, appearing to have been brought from a distance and thrown off there for some purpose, although where it could have been brought from is something of a mystery, as the creek bottom in the vicinity does not appear prolific in the kind of sand of which it is composed. Immediately south of this sand pile and a few rods from it, yet exists the walls of a large circular work, enclosing, probably, twenty-five acres. The whole of this land has been under cultivation since the first settlement of the country, and the embankment is nearly plowed away in_ places, though still visible, and generally two or three fect above the surface of the ground. 'This appears to have been a perfect circle, without ditch on either side, and without any opening or gateway. Its location is near where the old Granville feeder joins the Raccoon. It is very close to, and evidently connected with, the very large circular work before mentioned as covering seventy-five or eighty acres, and which has entirely disappeared. Directly south of this work, on the same lot, in the vicinity of the spot where the old canal feeder joins the Raccoon, and very near where the old Munson forge stood, is, or rather was, an ancient well. It was long since filled up, and now exists only in the memory of the older settlers. 'The probability is it was filled in the construction of the canal, as it was very near the southern edge of the embankment. When first discovered it was sixty or seventy feet in depth, and had evidently beén bored through the soft shale that here underlies the surface. It was three or four feet in diameter; no water appeared in it, and the supposition is, that the operators, whether Mound Builders, Indians, or white men, had bored for salt, as a salt well was subsequently sunk in this vicinity, and operated for a time with partial success. Further up the creek a few rods, on the lot of E. Haskell is a conical mound, in a good state of preservation, probably ten fect in height, and thirty or forty feet in diameter.

Directly south of these works in the valley, on the bluffs south of the creek, are many beautiful mounds. One of them on the farm of H. J. Little is about the size of the above described mound, has not been mutilated, and is yet in a eer on the bluffs, are several others similar in construction to those described, and the same may be said of the country north and northwest of Granville. 'To locate and describe all these works would occupy more space than can be allowed in this work. Suffice it to say they are very numerous, but not perhaps, different from those already described. A conical mound once existed in Main street, in Granville, between the four churches of that place. It was graded down to make way for the street. It was probably fifteen feet in height at the date of the first settlement. Jeremiah RK. Munson deliyered a fourth of July oration from its summit in 1800,

Late in November, 1800, on the banks of Ramp creek, was lighted a camp-fire, around which sat four men who have played no small part in the history of this county. 'These men were John Jones, Phineas Ford, Frederick Ford, and Benoni Benjamin. Jones and the two Fords were married to the three sisters of Benjamin. Jones was of Welsh extraction, but was born in New Jersey and partly reared in Pennsylvania; the Fords were originally Yankees, from Connecticut, and Benjamin was born in Northampton county, Pennsylvania. His father, Jonathan Benjamin, who followed him to this county about two years later, was born in the same decade with 'Washington, and was thirty-eight years old at the Declaration of Indepenence. During the Revolution, in order to protect his family from Indians, he move ' to the vicinity of Baltimore, Maryland. At t he returned to Pennsylvania. until the spring of 1793, why

In the spring of 1799 these men, with their brother-in-law, Benoni Benjamin, went out to the Scioto, where they planted and raised a crop, and returning in the fall, moved their families there. In November, 1800, at the instance of Jones, they traveled up the Scioto to where Circleville now stands, and from there followed an Indian trail through Fairfield county in the direction of Licking.

tions, as well as Indian raids in this direction. Few, if any of the many enchanting basins in the Mississippi valley presented a more encouraging prospect to the pioneer than the Licking valley at that time, and it is not to be wondered at that Jones, a man of keen perceptions, sharpened and developed by extensive travel and adventure, should have led his little party of adventurers hither.

Mr. Isaac Stadden who had arrived at the Bowling Green a short time previous, was out hunting, when he suddenly came upon this camp of pioneers. Each party was agreeably surprised at the unexpected meeting. Stadden had supposed that those living in the Licking valley were the only setlers in this section; while Jones and his party, entering the county from the Scioto, supposed they were the advanced pioneers, and that there was no setllement nearer than the mouth of the Licking on the Muskingum.

The hospitality common among the early settlers made Stadden a welcome visitor for the night. Jones. and Stadden soon recognized in each other old acquaintances, they 'having been school-fellows in Pennsylvania. Neither had seen the other for a quarter of a century, and knew nothing of each other's intervening history, of their adventures or whereabouts. Of the interest of such a meeting

There is a discrepancy in the statements regarding the time of this meeting, and also regarding the date of the arrival of Jones and his party. Captain M. M. Munson, from whose paper a part of the history of this township is taken, says this meeting took place in the spring of 1800, while Mrs. Stadden, wife of Isaac Stadden, says the meeting took place in the fall of 1800, and that the wives of these gentlemen (the Fords and Benjamin), were not with' them at the time, but that they were prospecting in this valley with a view to settlement, and did settle here in the spring of 1801, as has been stated.

the first setttement of the county, a comparison of dates and of matters connected with the early settlers would seem to place the weight of evidence in favor of Mrs. Stadden's statement. Mrs. Stadden was a pioneer of 1890, was very careful in her statements regarding pioneer matters, and a woman of remarkable mind and memory,

Before coming here, Jones and his party had been offered what was termed donation lots by the agents of General Dayton, a large land-holder in the territory now composing Licking county. These lots were supposed to be located on Ramp creek, a stream which ran out in side-cuts or bayous, forming little swamps and ooze-grounds, with "cat-tails and leeks." These, to Jones, foreboded agues and biliary diseases, and he at once refused to make the stipulated settlement, and determined to locate on Middle or Raccoon fork

Jones led his party across' the middle fork, searching out one of the many springs of living water that skirt the base of the hills that enclose the valley. On lot number two of the Granville purchase, some ten rods from the foot of the hill, and some twenty rods from the present Centerville street, he made the first settlement within-the present limits of Granville township. .

Some years before this, a hurricane had passed over this valley, taking down the primeval timber, and at the time of settlement the country was timbered with a second growth, in many places the blue ash predominating 'This was particularly the case at the base of the hills, made wet and loamy by the sinking of the waters of the numerous springs that burst from the hill sides. Of these trees Jones built his cabin. By the last days of April, or the first of May, the logs had been cut, and the men, assisted by their wives, raised the first white man's cabin in this township. Jones moved into this cabin, and the entire party remained with him until cabins had been erected on each of the locations selected. The Fords built on Ramp creek, near Union station, and Benjamin further down that stream, within the present limits of Newark township, not far from where the stream passes under the Granville feeder.

This house was about twenty or twenty-five rods northeast of the Jones' cabin, and near another spring. Cunningham planted some trees, and began the cultivation of several kinds of plants and fruits. came one of the first settlers of, Newark.

In the spring of 1802, some young men built some shanties, or cabins, a few rods east of 'Paddy" Cunningham's, and that season raised a crop of corn.

It was in this year that the vanguard of Welsh Hills settlers made its appearance. Deacon Theophilus Rees had. made a purchase of land in this township during the previous year, and had sent Chaplain Jones and others out to view it. fully written history of this settlement appears in another chapter.

David Thomas and David Lewis were the first of the Welsh Hills settlers to enter the township as permanent settlers; but they were soon followed by Theophilus Rees and "Jimmy" Johnson.

Mr. Munson says that these Welsh settlers, the first of them, came in the fall, bought the crops the young men above mentioned had raised, moyed into the cabins they vacated, and remained during the winter, beginning their settlement on the Welsh Hills in the spring of 1803.

The coming of Deacon Rees and his colony marks a most important era in the history of the township. He was a man of more than ordinary cultivation, a devoted member of the church, and his decendants are among the most respected of this community at the present time.

On the first of October, 1802, Mrs. Jones gave birth to the first white child born in the township, and on the twenty-second day of the same month, Mrs. Jones died of puerperal fever, aged twentyeight years. This was the first death of a white person in this township. She was buried in Newark, on a little hill or hillock (probably an ancient mound,) just west of the market-house, and where the Beckwith family resided. Jones, after the death of his wife, sold his house and improvements to one Nash, and removed to the mouth of Fishing creek, below Wheeling

John Jones was born in New Jersey, but lived sometime in Pennsylvania, and, subsequently, on the banks of the Ohio river, in the western part of Virginia. The Fords and Benjamin also lived there in 1793. Mr. Jones died in October, 1851, after raising a family at the mouth of Fishing creek.

There seems to be a desire to immortalize the first cabin erected in any particular subdivision of territory, and, as far as possible, every other first thing that entered into the germ of the new settlements. Ata pioneer meeting on New Years day, 1868, several canes made from the logs of this first cabin were presented to the officers of the Pioneer society, and the following is an extract from the address of Captain Munson, made at the time: the township, and here was witnessed the first death struggle. The first sermon preached in the township resounded from its walls; its manifold incidents would alone make a volume. * * These mountings are made from ancient coins plowed up around the old house, and could they but reveal their history, we should bz amazed and charmed at its witchery and interest."

In 1803, John Duke, James Evans, James James, and Mr. Chadwick settled in this township; Messrs. Evans and James being Welshmen, settled on the Welsh hills. John Duke located near the Raccoon creek, and was elected the first justice of the peace in 1807. Esquire Duke came in 1803, from the vicinity of Wellsburgh, Brooke county, Virginia. His son, S. A. Duke, is now an influential citizen of Arkansas.

The settlers, in 1804, of this township were Thomas Cramer, Simon James, and Peter Cramer, who settled on the Welsh hills. They were from western Virginia.

The third, and a great epoch in the history of this township is marked by the coming of the Granville colony, in the fall of 1805. About the beginning of the present century, many organizations were effected in the east for the purpose of purchasing land and making settlements in the great Northwest Territory and the State of Ohio.

it is said, had a love matter at the bottom of it. It is related that a young man offering himself to a young woman, in a neighboring and somewhat rival township, was rejected, and on his way home women were so fickle and false, to the new country beyond the Ohio. However this may be, on the twenty-third day of April, 1804, in East Granville, Massachusetts, a meeting was held, at which articles of association were drawn up and signed by thirty-five persons, mostly residents of the towns of Granville, Massachusetts, and Granby, Connecticut. In the preamble, the objects of the association were stated to be the purchase of lands in the explore, to obtain correct information as to quality and situation of lands, price, mode of payment, title, etc. The body of the article makes them a body corporate, with as large powers as could be attained without special legislation, with two articles of reservation: The first forbids a levying of taxes by a vote of the company, unless one-half of the subscribers or corporators should be present . the second provides that the agreement shall not be binding unless thirty persons shall subscribe to the same. Of the thirty-five persons subscribing to these articles, none survive. Captain Levi Rose, who lived and died at his old home on North street, was the last survivor. By a subsequent vote of the corporation, the price of membership, which had been eight dollars, was raised to ten dollars. May 10, 1804, the company met and appointed Levi Butler, Timothy Rose and Job Case agents, to go to Ohio to view and purchase such lands as would justify a settlement of the company.

On the first day of August, 1804, another meeting of the company was held, when forty-four more persons signed the articles of association. Of these none survive. Amos Carpenter dying in Columbus, was, probably, the last.

The agents appointed to view the land came to Ohio in May, 1804, and returned the following September. Their notes of observation taken during these explorations, and reported to the assoclation, show them to have been men of clear heads and sound judgment.

September 24, 1804, a meeting was held, at which a new paper was presented in the nature and character of an article of agreement, in which the subscribers bind themselves, their heirs, executors and administrators to the performance of the seyeral stipulations set forth inthe paper. 'This is the most concise and explicit, in fact, the most lawyerlike instrument of writing that appears among the various papers of the company. Indeed it should have been such, as everything pertaining to the success of the company depended upon its accuracy and binding effect. By this article of agreement the subscribers bind themselves to become the purchasers of the number of acres of lands set opposite their names. The greatest number of acres taken by one person was one thousand five hundred and the next greatest one thousand. These subscriptions were made by Jesse Munson and James Smith. The average of subscriptions was about two hundred acres each. Levi Butler, Timothy Rose, Job Case, Russel Atwater, Seth Hayes, Noahdiah Holcomb, Solomon Noble, Timothy Spellman, Levi Hayes, Samuel Thrall, Zadoc Cooley, and Cornelius Slocum, by this instrument, were made a committee, or rather a board of trustees, to receive deeds in trust, and to perform certain specific duties recited in the article.

This was an important commission and the trust committed to them was executed with fidelity. Deacon Levi Hayes, who lived on Centerville street, and died in October, 1847, was the last survivor.

Many of the men composing this company were men of mark, who for solidity of judgment and probity of character, would adorn anyage. Their history reaches back to the days of the Revolution, when they stood shoulder to shoulder in defence of their country. In the closing scene of that conflict at Yorktown, three of them stood in the ranks of their countrymen, and witnessed that proudest of events, for Americans, the surrender of the British army. 'Timothy Rose as lieutenant, commanding the left of his company, assisted in the storming of a British redoubt.

these articles of agreement on September 21, 1804, in Granville, Massachusetts, none now sur- General Augustine Munson, it is believed, He was a man of more vive. was the last survivor. than ordinary ability and importance in the Granville colony. He was among the first purchasers of land in the township, and lived upon his farm his death. A period of more than sixty years. He built the first saw-mill township, and displayed much energy and enterprise as an iron founder, canal contractor, and constructor of public works. He rendered efficient military services in the War of 1812; was county commissioner a number of years, and a member of the State legislature from 1822 to 1824, filling all positions of trust with marked fidelity and ability. His son, Captain M. M. Munson, writes as follows regarding his father and other matters of historical: interest:

"'General Augustine Munson was born in Granville, Massachusetts, September 30, 1783. He was the youngest child of Jesse and Mariam Munson. At the age of ten years he carried on horseback the first through mail from Schenectady to Fort Erie, the site of the present city of Buffalo. This journey he made through the then wilderness country with no other guide than a pocket compass. At the age of fourteen he was sent to school at the academy in Lenox, where he remained some time, when he was placed under the instruction of the late Dr. Cooley, who kept aselect school for young men in Granville, Massachusetts. In 1804, a company was formed in Granville, Massachusetts, called the Licking Land company, for the purpose of buying land and effecting a settlement in Ohio. Munson was the youngest member who signed the articles of association and emigrated with the colony in the fall of 1805, to Granville, Ohio. He was at the sale of the company held in December of that year, and became the purchaser of several lots of land as surveyed and sold by the company. 1806 he built the first saw-mill in the township. It had a capacity of four thousand feet per day. This mill was of vast importance to the new colony, as it furnished the only lumber for building to be had for miles aronnd, and no mill since constructed has ever done so much to meet the wants of this community. The winter following the coming of the colony supplies of flour, salt, etc., had to be brought from Chillicothe and other distant points, and Mr. Munson was generally employed in managing all expeditions in that line. In the years 1806 and 1807 he went to New York and New England to adjust the unfinished business of the colony in that quarter, in the years 1808 and 1809 expeditions to the lake for fish and other supplies were undertaken by him, and in the same years a flouring-mill was projected and completed much to the convenience and independence of the new settlement. During these years he, together with the more gay and festive part of the colony, organized a band of music, and instituted balls and festal assemblies. At the commencement of the war of 1812, this band was mustered in as a regimental band, joining the regiment of Colonel Cass, and was at the surrender of Hull at Detroit. Captain levi Rose's company of infantry was surrendered at the same time, and all came home on parole together.

"Munson was employed in forwarding supplies to General Harrison's army, and continued active in some branch of the service till the treaty of peace was signed in 1815. Coming home from the war he, in company with his brother, Major Jeremiah R. Munson, constructed and put in successful operation the 'Granville furnace.' This enterprise had more to do in bringing trade and traffic to Granville than any one project before or since put on foot. After the fnrnace began to make blooms he started the 'large works' for the purpose of making This work supplied a want heretofore much The iron in its various forms bewrought iron. felt in this part of the State. came a metallic currency - a medium of exchange of great value to the settlers.

"The war of 1812 engendered a high military spirit all overthe country, and General Munson, and the Granville people were not exempt. Military drills had been in vogue from the first settlement of the township. It now grew in force, and instead of a single company, a regiment was organized, and Munson was elected and commissioned as major at the election in 1815; he was promoted to colonel, and remained in command of the regiment till the fall of 1818, when, in one of the most spirited and exciting contests ever known in this part of Ohio, he was elected brigadier general over Colonel Simons, of Mt. Vernon. So excited were the partizans in the contest, that one side demanded that the rival candidates should decide the contest by a ''passage at arms," and it is recorded that General Munson did not decline the combat. They were both good swordsmen, but both had too good sense to make such fools of themselves for such an occasion. In 1821-22-23 General Munson was returned to the lower house of the legislature where he took part in the discussion of, and voted for the ''Internal Improvement Measures,' then being inaugurated in Ohio.

'In 1825 he became a contractor on the Ohio canal, building the Licking summit, Licking dam, deep cut, eight locks, etc. - all difficult and heavy jobs. These works bore ample testimony of his thoroughness and good faith as a contractor on the public works.

''In the session of 1830-31, by his personal effort aud influence, he secured the vote of the members from Licking county for Mr. [Swing for United States senator, thereby putting the right man in the right place, securing to Ohio one of the ablest members the State has ever had in either branch of congress. Mr. l-wing, it will be remembered, was elected by one majority. General Munson was a great admirer of Mr. Clay, and when that gentleman came home with his cattle from England, he visited Kentucky, and purchased some of that and previous importations. He afterwards gave considerable attention to the introduction of improved short-horned cattle into Licking county.

"In 1842 he projected and put in operation a lard oil factory which, though he made superior oils, was not a financial success. The fact of it being too far from the great markets where greases accumulate and can be purchased at an advantage, was the cause of its failure asa remunerative enterprise. From this time on the general spent most of his time on his farm, never, however, losing his interest in all measures and projects that would redound to the advancement and happiness of the whole country. Healways kept an open house and a free table: His motto was 'Never breach the laws of héspitality.' Munson,

_ on reaching his majority in the fall of 1804, cast his first vote for Jefferson. He was a firm supporter of Mr. Madison's meusures in the war of 1812, and stood by the administration _ of that pure patriot and statesman all through the difficulties and embarrassments that environed it. He voted for Mr. Monroe, and also for Mr. Clay, but gave a cordial support to the administration of Mr. action of Congress.

Adams who was made President by the At the reorganization of parties or rather the formation of new parties which took place at this time, _ General Munson took sides with the Whigs, and supported the measures and policy - ''the American Policy,'" - as he was wont to call it, of that party, so long as it remained a political organization.

"General Munson was never hemmed in by the narrow limits of his own State, or circumscribed by any lines drawn inside of the boundaries of the whole country. He had no sympathy with those who would sectionalize one part of the country against the other, and held in execration him whoever or wheresoever he might be who would raise his parracidal hand against the fair fabric of American constitutional liberty. tune of Clay,

It was the good for- Webster and other patriots of their day and who had stood by the country, to die when the sunshine of peace was over the land. Not so with General Munson. After he had grown oldand feeble, he saw the dark cloud of rebellion rise and burst in all its fury upon the country; but Heaven generously lengthened his days to see the carnage of blood cease, and behold the dawn that betokened a day of peace and reconciliation. Full of hope, and while the ship of State was still rocking on the troubled waters, he was permitted to close his eyes in death. He died April r2, 1868, in the eighty-fifth year of his age."

At a meeting held on the seventh of February, 1805, it was moved "to adjourn to meet the first Monday in December next at nine o'clock a. M.,

To carry into effect such a resolution, contemplated a work of no little magnitude. It was the work of moving an entire community by the slow process of team and wagon from the Connecticut valley to the then far western wilderness of Ohio. Those accustomed to steamboat and railroad-car as a means of transit, can form but a feeble conception of the time, labor and fatigue incident to such an undertaking. In the spring of this year a small company was sent forward to survey the land purchased, build a saw- -mill, clear ground and raise 'crops to feed the coming emigrants. Regarding the arrangements and derangements, packings and unpackings, partings and departings, the tears of anguish, the hardships and privations of a journey of so many hundred miles in the then crude condition of the roads and means of transit, the reader must draw upon his imagination; but on November 2, 1805, the advance corps of emigrants, consisting of five families, arrived within the limits. of this township. 'These were followed by daily accessions, so that before the setting in of winter forty-five families, consisting of two hundred and thirty-four persons, had arrived.

November 16th (Sabbath), the first divine worship was held. Dr, Little, who for nearly forty years was pastor of the Granville Congregational church, speaking of this meeting, says that although only about one dozen trees had been cut, they held services both forenoon and afternoon.

The novelty of worshipping in the woods, the forest extending hundreds of miles in every direction, the hardships of the journey, the winter setting in, the fresh thoughts of home, with all the friends and privileges left behind, and the impressions made by their present accommodations compared with those they had relinquished, all bore with considerable weight upon their minds, and made the day one long remembered. When they began to sing, the echo of their voices among the trees was so different from what it was in the beautiful church they had left forever, that they could not restrain their tears. The voices of part of the choir were for a season suppressed with emotion.

An incident in this connection is related of Deacon Theophilus Rees, who two or three years previously had settled on the Welsh Hills. As this incident appears on page 107 of this work, it need not be repeated here.

The committee for the company had purchased seven sections of land, comprising about twentyeight thousand acres. Three of these sections - the second, called the Wells, the third, called the Hardy, and the fourth, called the Stanberry section - had been re-surveyed by James Coe, the company surveyor, into one hundred acre lots, in the spring and summer before the colony arrived. These sections comprised the southeast, southwest, and northwest quarters of what is now Granville township. Mr. Coe had, agreeably to the instructions of the committee, laid out the town as near to the spot where these three sections cornered as the face of the country would admit. This state-

According to the terms of the article of association, a sale by public auction, to the highest bidder, of farm lots in the first division, was held on the eleventh day of December. A consideration of this sale may be interesting as an index of the far-seeing judgment and moneyed abilities of the bidders. Their homes in New England had passed into the hands of and themselves strangers in a strange land, with but the surveyor's plats and maps before them, while the lands represented were ina dense wilderness with nothing but the axe-man's blaze to guide them to their future

The auctioneer commenced: bid for the first choice." Every one in his own mind had made his selections; but the quandary was, how many were of the same mind?

once in their lives it was not desirable that all should be of the same way of thinking. After several cries by-the auctioneer the bidding commenced, and the first choice of the whole, twelve thousand acres in this division, was struck off to Timothy Spellman for one hundred and thirty-eight dollars. He took lot thirteen, range three. This Jot is generally known as the Major Case farm. It includes all the village north of Broadway and east of the Granger house, including the Female college, the Union school-house grounds and Mr. Price's farm down to and including Odell's flouring-mill. Mr. Spellman, with his courage now up, bid in four more, making the five first choices of an aggregate of seven hundred and thirty-six dollars and then went home, and it is said, slept none that night, not from overjoy at his good fortune, but from thinking he had paid too deer. The amounts paid for the next forty choices ranged higher than the first. The highest sum paid was for the forty-fourth choice, taken by Job Case for three hundred and forty-four dollars. He took lot twenty, range three. It lies one mile west of town and is known as the William Sherman farm. A few lots were taken without any premium paid for choice. Lot twenty-five, range three, was awarded to Ebenezer Cheney for nothing, there being no competition and no bidding. awarded the lot for the asking.