Jefferson Township (part 7 of 15)

In the chimney of this building there was a date-stone marked 1810. This stune has been removed and inserted in the rear end of the Galloway building in Xenia, in their late im'pruA-ement. On the 27th nf June. I Si 2, a terrible tornado passed over this section if ctuntry. extending several miles in length and about half a mile in width, lea\ing scarcely a tree or shrul) in its track. A portion <;f the Major's brick ntansiou was blown d< iwn and the balance of the building left in a \'ery unsafe condition till rebuilt and repaired. In 1813, probably, George (jalloway (usually designated Pennsylvania George) and Rebecca Galloway, oldest daughter of James Galloway, Sr., w ere married, ^liss Galloway had had a fonner suitor, which she rejected, who was no less a personage than the distinguished Tecumseh. He had been a frequent visitor in the family and took a wonderful liking to the white girl and, according tO' the Indian custom, made his advances to the father, who referred the case to tlie daugliter. The undaunted chief appealed tO' the girl herself, cffering her lifty broaches of silver. She told him she didn't want to be a wild woman ar.d work like the Indian woniien. He told her she need not work. Notwithstanding the rejection of his suit, he ever after remained friendly with the family, though he was sometimes found to be rather a tough customer. On one occasion, when at the shop of blacksmith James Galloway, and being under the influence of whisky, he proved to be rather annoying, when Galloway took him. much to the disgust of the chieftain, and tied himi to a tree till he got more sober and quiet.

in order to avoid the dilticulties so often experienced by high waters. About the same time a new congregation was organized in Xenia, and !Mr. Armstrong having been released from the Sugarcreek branch of his congregation, the two united in a call for the Rev. Francis Pringle, Jr., who was settled in the united charge of Xenia and Sugarcreek. This left ]\Ir. Armstrong in charge oif the Massiescreek congregation alone, and jjerhaps no pastor in the entire county has, at an_\- time, presided over a more intelligent congregation in the history of the county. Several of its members were at different times called to fultiU in^purtant positions of honor and public trust. Col. James ^lorrow served se\-eral years as county commissioner and as member of the lower house of the legislature. Joseph Kyle also served several terms in the legislature. Judge Samuel Kyle was an associate judge for thirty-five consecutive years. Robert ]\loody was one whose cool and clear judgiuent was surpassed by few ; David Jackson was a man of intellectual power ; Thomas Raugh had a clear and penetrating mind ; and the same can be said of the ^Ic- Coys, Laugheads, }iIcHattons, Andersons, Greggs. Browns, Bradfutes Collins, Kings, Turnbulls, Deans, Gibsons, Andrews, Junkins. Bulls. Galloways and Stnithers.

The main portion of the house occupied by J\Ir. Andrew Holland, with two enormous stone chimneys, was built in the year 1800 by George Galloway, Esq. It was built with logs and weather-boarded. In this ^Ir. Armstrong ministered through the winter of 1804 and 1805.

lot of three acres donated bv Mr. lames Stevenson for cliurcii and cemetery purposes." (For description of same see Andrew Gallo'way's sketch. ) Thus these good old seceders continued t(; worshi]) till about the year 1812 or 1813, when they built a larger, nobler and more comfortable house of hewed logs a short distance from the first. In the building of this lunise the labor was di\'ided up among the members of the congregation. Mr. Armstrong was to furnish a gallon of whisky and Sfpiire^ Cieorge Galloway was to haul the logs, which had to be done with oxen. For some reason the stpiire coiddn"t manage the oxen very well, and employed a wicked gentile to take his place, who attributed the Squire's want of success to the fact that he didn't swear. How'ever this may ha\c been in regard to the driving of us.en. profane swearing became a violation r.f law - hunmn and divine - and the Squire, from a double sense of dut_\-, faithfully inllicted its penalties on its perpetrators. On one cjccasion a violator of this law was fined fifty cents, ami gave a dollar in payment of his line; but the Squire being unable to m'ake change, the perpetrator let O'ff with another oath. "There," said the Squire, "that makes the change."

Through the above contributions we have been enabled to give the names of many settlers from 1800 to 1805. We shall start from this period with the name of John Todd, who' emigrated from Virginia m 1780, first tO' Xashville, Tennessee, then froni Nashville to Xenia in 1805, followed in September, 1806, l>v his son-in-law, Henry Philips, wife, and Rebecca, daughter of Mr. Todd. ^Ir. Todd and family li\-ed in a hewed-lijg hmise, on Main street a little east of the old To-wler cabin, in which

Philifjs and others succeeding him kept a tavern as late as 1820. In June, 1807, Dr. Andrew W. Davisson and Rebecca Todd were married by William McFarland, justice of the peace. Dr. Davisson was the first physician in Xenia. He also built the first brick house in Xenia, in 181 1, on Main street, near the site of B. Knox's saddler shop: and in 1814 the first stone house was built I)y him on Main street. Doctor and Mrs. Davisson were members of the old seceder congregation under Francis Pringle in i8ii. She died in Chicago in 1870, at the age of eighty.

The Old School House

During the initial steps toward educational advancement in this county the facilities for literary attainments were not so varied as are thrown around the youth of to-day. Following our cicerone along a blazed path through the woods to the old log school house; rapping, a voice froni the far interior says, "Come in;" we pull the latch string, enter, and, at the request of the "master," settle down upon a puncheon bench, the cynosure of all eyes. The first thing we observe is that nearly the whole end of the house is occupied by a fireplace, within whose cajxicious depths the crackling blaze sends forth light, heat and cheerfulness. Our gaze being attracted to the outside, we look, not throiigh French plate, but a hole made by sawing out a log and replacing it with paper greased with lard. Our attention is recalled by a shrill voice. "Master, mayn't I git a drink?" The urchin goes to the bivcket sitting on a bench near the door, takes the tin from the accustomed peg, dips it full, drinks a few sips, holding it over the bucket mleanwhile. pours the balance back, looks anjund awhile, goes back to liis seat, and. with his dog's-eared book close to Ills face, is soon lost in study. We observe tlie benches are made out of flat rails and puncheons, with wooden pins in tliem for legs ; backs, they ha\-e none. The "master" has a talkie, made by driving pins in the wall and placing hewed puncheons on top of them. Under each window a similar contri\ance accommpdate.S! the scholars.

While examining these unique writingdesks we are again startled by a sharp cry, apparently in agony, of, "Master, please mayn't I go out?" Consent is given, and the boy hurriedly mpves toward the door. pausing to take down a crooked stick and carry- it out the door with himi. Our curiosity is excited, and while the master's back is turned we ask a Ijig, white-headed boy near us what it is for, who, opening his mouth wide and staring at us in blank amazement, says, "No other boy don't darst go out while that stick is gone."

As incentives to close application to studv. we observe a rule, of about a i)otmd in weight, and a formidable-looking beechen rod, whose acquaintance e\ery boy in school has long ago formed. Dihvorth's Arithmetic. Webster's Spelling-book and the Testament were the text-books. It seemed to be an expressly settled fact that during a recitation a boy could get up a better spirit of inspiration by stenatorian competition with his fellows ; and in the spelling class the boy could spell the loudest should stand head. It was interesting to see the toys at the end of the bench, standing on tiptoe' with every mluscle in a cpiiver, waiting for the master to say "noon." in order to get out first and raise the biggest yell.

of our forefathers will appear like a collection O'f "tales of O'lden times." It is a hooiely narrative, yet \-aluable on account of its being real history.

"Tlien the wC'men did tlie offices of the household; milked' the cows, cooked the mess, prepared the flax, spun, wo\-e and made the garments of linen or linsey ; the men hunted, and brought in the meat ; they planted, phnighed ami gathered in the corn; grinding it into meal at the hand-mill or pounding it into hominy in the m 'rtar was occasionally the work O'f either or the joint lalxjr of both.

"The men exjiosed themseh'es alone to danger; they fought the Indians, they cleared the land, they reared the hut or built the fort, in which the wom'en were placed for safety. ^luch use was made of skins of deer for dress, while the buft'alo and bear skins were consigned to the floor for beds and covering. There might incidentally be a few articles brought to the country for sale in a private way but there was no store for sui>i3ly. Wooden vessels either turned or coopered, were in common use as table furniture.

"A tin' cup was an article of delicate luxur)-, almost as rare as an iron fork. E\-ery hunter carried his knife; it was no less the implement of a warrior; not infrequentlv the rest of the family was left with, but one or two for the use of all. A like workmlanship coniposed the table and the stool: a slab hewed with the axe. and sticks of a similar manufacture, set in for legs, supported both. When the bed was, by chance or refinenxent, elevated alx>ve the floor and given' a fixed place, it was often laid on slabs placed across poles, supported on forks set in the earthen floor: or where the floor was puncheon the bedstead was liewed i)ieces pinned un ujiriglit posts ur let into them by auger holes. Other utensils and furniture were of a curresponding descri]rtinai applicable to the time.

llie food was of the most wholesome and n'Utriti\e kind. The riciiest milk, the finest butter ant! liest meat that ever delightetl nian."s palate were here eaten with a relish which health and labor only know. Those were shared by friend and stranger in e\ery cabin witli profuse hospitality.

"There was some i)a)jer money iu the country, which had not depreciated one-half o^r even a fumth as miuch as it had at the seat of go\-ernment. if there was any gold or silver, its circulation was suppressed. The price of a ljea\cr hat was fi\e hundred dollars.

"The hunting shirt was usually worn. Tliis was a kind of loose frock reaching half way down the tiiighs, with large sleeves, open before, and so wide as to' lap over a foot or more when beltetl. The cape was large and sometmies handsomely fringed with a raveled piece of cloth of a different ccTt from that oi the hunting shirt itself. Tlie bosomi of his ilress served as a wallet to hold a chunk of bread, cakes, jerk, tow for wiping the barrel of the rifle, or any other necessary fiT the hunter or warricjr. Tlie belt which was always tied behind answered se\'eral purposes besides that of holding the dress together. In cold weather the mittens and sometimes the bullet-bag, occupied the front part of it. To the right side was suspended the tomahawk, and to the left the scalping knife in its leathern sheath.

"The hunting shirt was generally made of linsey, sometimes of coarse linen, and a few of dressed deer skins. These last were very cold and uncomfortalile in wet weathei'. The shirt and jacket were <.if the common fashioui. A pair of drawers, or breeches, and leggins, were the dress of the thighs and legs ; a pair of moccasins answered for the feet miuch better than shoes. These were made of dressed deer skin. They were mostly made of a single piece, with a gathering seam| along the top oi the foot and another from] the bottom o'f the heel, without gathers, as high as the ankle joint or a little higher. Flaps were left on eacii side to reach some 'distance up the legs. These were nicely adapted to the ankle and lower part of the leg by thongs of deer skin, so that noi dust, gravel or snow could get within the moccasin.

"The moccasins in ordinary use cost but a few how's' lal>or toi make them. This was clone by an instrument deuominated a moccasin awl, which was made of the back spring of an old clasp knife. This awl, with its Ijuck-horn handle, was an appendage of every shot pouch strap, together with a roll of buckskin for mending the moccasins. This was the labor of almost every evening. Thev were sewed together and patched with deer skiu thongs, or whangs, as they were con:(inonly called.

"In cold weather the moccasins were well stuffed with deer's hair or dry leaves, so as to keep the feet contfortably warm ; but in wet weather it was usually said that wearing them was "a decent way of goingbarefooted;" and such was the fact, owing to the spongy texture of the leather of which they were made.

the greater number of our liunters and warriors were afflicted witli tlie rheumatism in tlieir limbs. Of this disease they were all apprehensi\e in cold or wet weather, and therefore always slept with their feet to the fire, to prevent or cure it as well as they could. The practice unquestionably had a very salutary effect, and prevented many of thenij from beconiiing coniirmed cripples in early life.

The Home Of The Pioneer

"The fort consisted of caljins, blockhouses and stockades. A range of cabins commonly formed one side at least of the fort. Divisions, or partitions of logs, separated the cabins from each other. The walls on the outside were ten or twelve feet liigh the slope of the roof being turned wholly inward. A ver\- few of these cabins had puncheon floors, the greater part were earthen.

"The block-houses were built at the angles of the fnrt. They projected about two feet be\ond the outer walls O'f the cabins and stockades. Their u]5per stories were abmit eighteen inches every way larger in dimension than tlie under one, leaving an opening at the commencement of the second story tO' prevent the enemy fromi making a lodgement under their walls. In some forts instead of block-houses the angles of the fort were finished with l>astions. A large folding gate, made of thick slabs, nearest the s])ring. cli sed the fort. The stockade, bastions, cabins and block-house walls were furnished with jwrt-holes at proper heights and distances. The whole of the oiitside was made completely bullet proof. It may be truly said that necessity is the m«>ther of invention, for the whole of this work was made without the aid of a single nail or spike of iron, and for this reason, sucli things were not to be had. In some places, less exposed, a single blockhouse, with a cabin or two, constituted the whole fort.

"For a long time after the first settlement of this country the inhabitants in general niarried yoimg. There was no distinction of rank, and very little of fortune. On these accounts the first impression of lo\e resulted in marriage: and a family establishment cost but a little labor and nothing else. In the first year of the settlement of this country a wedding engaged the attention of a whole neighborhood, and the frolic was anticipated by old and young with eager expectation. This is not to be wondered at when it is told that a wedding was almost the only gathering which was not accompanied with the labor of reaping, log-rt)lling, building a cabin or planning some scout o^r campaign.

"In the mi;irning of the wedding-day the groom and" his attendants assembled at the house of his father, for the purpose of reaching the mansion of his bride by noon, which was the usual time for celebrating the nuptials, which for certain must take place before dinner. Let the reader imagine an assemblage of people, without a store. tailor or mantuamaker within a hundred miles ; and an asseiublage of horses, without a blacksmith or saddler within an equal distance. Tlie gentlemen dressed in shoepacks, m'ticcasins, leather breeches, leggings, linsev hunting-shirts, and all home made. The ladies dressed in linsey petticoats and linsev or linen bedgowns, coarse shoes, stockings, handkerchiefs and buckskin gloves, if any. If there were any buckles, rings, buttons or ruffles they were the relics of okl times, family pieces from parents or graiKlparents. The horses were caparisoned with okl saddles, old bridles, or halters, and pack-saddles, with a bag or blanket thrown over them; a roi>e or string as often constituted the girth as a piece of leather.

"The march, in double tile was often interru[)ted by the narrowness and obstructions of our horse-paths as they were called, for wc had no roads; and these difficulties were often increased, sometimes bv the good and sometimes by the ill will of neighlx>rs by falling trees and lying grape vines across the way. Sometimes an am- Iniscade was formed by the waxside, and an une.xiiected discharge of several guns took place, so as to ewer the wedding company with smoke. Let the reader im'agine the scene which followed this discharge: tiie sudden spring of the horses, the shrieks of the girls and the chivalric bustle of their partners to save them from falling. Sometimes in spite of all that could be done to prevent it, sfjme were thrown to the gromid. If a wrist, ellxjw or ankle hai)pened to be sprained it was tied with a handkerchief and little more was thought or said alxnit it. ceremony commonly to<,ik place before the party readied the house of the bride, after the practice of making whisky l>egan, which was at an early period. When the party were alxmt a mile from the place of the destination two young men would single out to run for the bottle. The worse the jKith. the more U>gs, brush and deep lio'llows, the ])ctter, as these obstacles afforded an oip])ortunity for the greater display of intrepidity and horsemanship. The Englisli fox chase, in point of danger to the riders and their horses, is nothing to this race for the lx>ttle. Tlie start was announced bv an Indian veil; logs, lirnsh.

muddy liollows, hill and glen were speedily passed by the rival ponies. The bottle was always filled for the occasion, so that there was no use for judges ; for the first who reached the doer was presented with the prize, with which he returned in triumph to the company.

"On approaching them he announced iiis victory over his rival by a shrill whoop. At the head of the troop he gave the IxJttle to the groom and his attendants, and then to each pair in succession to the rear of the line, giving each a dram, ami then putting the bottle in the bosom of his liunting-shirt, took his station in the company.

"The ceremony of the marriage preceded the dinner, which was a substantial backwoods feast of beef, pork, fowls, and sometimes venison and l>ear meat, roasted and boiled, with plenty of ]iotatoes, cabba.ge and other vegetables. During the dinner the greatest hilarity always prevailed, althoaigh the table might be a large slab of tiniiber, hewed out with a broadaxe, supl^orted l)y four sticks set in auger holes, and the furniture some old pewter dishes and plates, the rest wotxlen bo-wls and trenchers; a few pewter spoons, much battered about the edges, were to be seen at some tables. Tlie rest were made of horns. If knives were scarce the deficiency was made up by the scaljmig knives which were carried in sheaths suspended to the belt of the hunting-shirt.

"After dinner the dancing commenced, and generally lasted till the next morning. The figures of the dances were three and fcnir-handed reels, or square sets, and jigs. The comimencement was always a square four, which was followed by what is called jigging it off; that is. two of the four would sinale out for a jig, and were followed by tlie remaining" couple. The jigs were often accompanied with wliat was called cutting out; that is, when either of the parties became lired of the dance, on intiniatimi. the pface was supplied by some one of the company, without any interruption of the dance. In this way a daiKe was often continued till the musician was heartily tired of his situation. Toward the latter part of the night, if any of the company, through weariness, attempted to conceal themselves, for the pur])ose of sleei>ing, they were hunted up, jjaraded lju the floor and the tiddler ordered to plav "Hang on till tomorrow morning."

The Ste.Vling Of The Bkide

".Vbont nine or ten o'clock a deputation of the young- ladies stole off the bride and l)ut her to bed. In doing this, it frequently happened that they had tO' ascend a ladder instead of a pair of stairs, leading from the dining and' ball room) to the loft, the floor of which was mlade of clapboards, lying loose and without nails. This ascent, one might think, would put the bride and her attendants to blush, but as the foot of the ladder was commonly behind the door, which was purposely opened for the occasion, and its ro>unds at the inner ends were well hung with hunting shirts, petticoats and other articles of clothing, the candles being on the opposite side of the house, the e.xit of the britle was noticed but by few.

Tiir Stealing Of The Groom

"This done, a deputation of young men in like manner stole off the grcKim. and placed him snugly by the side of his bride. The dance still continued, and if seats happened to be scarce, which was often the case, every young man, when not engaged in the dance, was obliged to offer his lap <;s a seat for one of the girls, and the offer was sure tO' be accepted.

"In the midst oi this hilarity the bride and groom were not forgotten. Pretty late in the night some one womld remjind the company that the new couple must stand in need of some refreshment; black betty, which was the name of the bottle, was called for, and sent up the ladder, but sometimes black betty did not go alone. I have many times seen as much bread, beef, pork and cabbage sent along with her, as would afford a good meal for half a dozen hungry nfen. The young couple were compelled to eat and drink, more or less, of whatever was offered them. It often happened that some neighbors or relatives, not being asked to^ the wedding", took offense, and the mode of revenge adapted by them' on such occasions was that of cutting off the mpnes, foretops and tails of the horses of the wedding company..

Settling Them Ix Life

"1 will proceed to state the usual manner of settling a young couple in the world. A spot was selected on a piece of land of one of the parents for their habitation. .\ day was appointed, shortly after their marriage, for commencing the work of building" their cabin. The fatigue party consisted of choppers, whose business it was to fell the trees and cut them off at proper lengths; a man with a team for hauling" them to the place and arranging them, properly assortcil. at the sides and' ends of the building; a carpenter, if such he might be called, whose business it was to search the woods for a ])roi)er tree for making clapboards for the roof. Tlie tree fur this i)uri)ose iiijglit be straight grained and from three to four feet in diameter. The boards were split four feet lung, with a large frow, and as wide as the timber would allow. They were used without planing or shaving. Another division was employed in getting puncheons for the flour of the cal)in; this was done by splitting trees alxxit eighteen inches in dianieter and hewing the faces of them witli a broadaxe. They were half the length of the floor they were intended to make.

"The materials for the cabin were niost- 1\' prepared on the first day, and sometimes the foundation laid in the evening. The second day was allotted iur the raising. The first thing tO' be done was the election of four corner men, whose business it was to notch and ])lace the logs. The rest of the company furnished them with the timbers. In the nicantinie tiie boards and puncheons were collecting for the floor and roof, so that by the time the cabin was a few rounds high the sleepers and floor began to be laid. The door was made by sawing or cutting the logs in one side, so as to make an opening about three feet wide. This opening was secured by upright pieces of timber, about three inches thick, through which holes were bored into the ends of the logs, for the ])ur])Ose of pinning them fast. A similar opening, but wider, was made at the end for the chimney. This was built of logs, and made large to admit of a back and jamibs of stone. At the scpiare. two end logs projected a foot or eighteen inches beyond the wall, to receive the bunting poles, as they were called, against which the ends of tlie first row of clapboards were supported. The roof was formied by making the end logs shorter until a single log formed the comb of the roof ; on these logs the clapboards were placed, the ranges of them lapping some distance over those next below themi, and kept in their places by logs placed at proper distances upon them.

"The roof, and sometimes the floor, were finished on the same day of the raising. A third day was commonly spent by a few carpenters in leveling ofif the floor, making a clai)board door and a table. This last was made of a split slab and supported by four round logs set in auger holes. Some three legged stools were made in the same manner. Some pins stuck in the logs at the back of the house supported some clapboards, which served for shelves for the table furniture. A single fork, placed with its lower end in a hole ill the floor and the upper end fastened to a joist, served for a bedstead, liy ]3lacing a pole in the fork with one end through a crack between the logs of the wall. This front pole was crossed by a shorter one within the fork, with its outer end through another crack. From the front pole, through a crack between the logs of the end of the house, the boards were put on which formed tlie bottom of the bed. Sometimes other poles were pinned to the fork a little distance above these, for the purpose of supporting the front and foot of the bed, while the walls were the supports of its back and head. A few pegs around the wall for the display of the coats of the women and hunting shirts of the men, and two small forks or buckhorns to a joist for the rifle and slKj'tpoucli. completed the 'carpenter work.

the ciaplioards were made, they matle billets for chunking up the cracks between the logs of the cabin and chimney - a large bed of niurtar was made for daubing up those cracks : a few stones formed the back and jambs of the chimney.

"The cabin being finished, the ceremony of house-warming took place, before the young people were permitted to move into it. The house-warming was a dance of a whole night's continuance made up of the; relations of the Ijride and groom, and their neiglibors. On the day following the young couple took possession of their new mansion.

".-\t house raisings, log rollings and harvest parties every one was expected to do his duty faithfully. A person who did not perform a share of labor on these occasions was designated by the epithet of 'Lawrence,' or soniie other title still more opprobrious ; and when it came his turn to require t!ie like aid from his neighbors, the idler soon felt his punishment in their refusat to attend to his calls.

'".Mtliough there was ni> legal compulsion to the performance of military duty, yet every man of full age and size was expected to do his full share of public senice. If he did not do so he was 'hated out as a coward.' Even the want of any article of war e(|uipments. such as animiuiition, a sharp llint, a primiing wire, a scalping knife or a tomahawk, was thought highly disgraceful. A man who without a reasonable cause failed to go on a scout or a cam[)aign when it came to his turn, met with an expression of indignation in the countenances of all his neighbors, and epithets of dishonor were fastened upon him without mercy.

civili;;ed life, were but little known anient:^ oiu' forefathers at the early settlement of this country. After the depreciation of the continental paper they had no money of any kind : everythmg purchased was paiil for in prixluce or labor. .\ good cow and calf was often the price of a bushel of alum salt. If ihe contract was not punctually fulfilled the credit of the delinquent was at an end.

"Any petty theft was ]junished witii all the infamy that could be heaped on the offender. A man on a campaign stole from his comrade a cake out of the ashes, in which it was baking: he was imanediately named "The bread rounds.' This epithet of reproach was bandied about in this way : When he came in sight of a group of men. one of them would call "NMro comes there:' Another would answer, 'The bread rounds.' If any one meant to be more serious about the matter he would call out. 'Who stole the cake oirt of the ashes?" Another replied, by- giving the name of the man in full; toi this a third would give confirmation by exclaimjng, 'That is true and no lie.' This kind of 'tongue-lashing' he was doomed to bear for the rest of the campaign, as well as for years after his return home.

"If a theft was detected in any of the frontier settlements a sumntary mode of punislimenl was always resorted to. The first settlers, as far as I knew of them, had a kind of innate or hereditary detestation of the crime of theft, in any shape or degree, and their maxim was that 'a thief must be whip])ed." If the theft w-as something of value, a kind of jury of the neighborhood, after hearing the testimony, would condemn the cul])rit to Moses' Law. that is. to ft rty stripes, save "one. If tlie theft was of some small article, the offeuder was doomed to carry on his back the flag of the United States, which then coaisisted of thirteen stripes. In either case, some able hands were selected to execute the sentence, so that the stripes were sure to be well laid on. This punishment was followed by a sentence of exile. He was then informed that he nnist ilecamp in so many days, and be seen no- mo^re on penalty of having the number of his stripes doubled.

"If a woman was given to tattling and slandering her neigiibors, she was furnished by common consent with a kind of patent right to say whatever she pleased without being be!ie\etl. Her tongue was then said to be hannless or to be no scandal.

"With all their rudeness these people were given toi hospitality, and freely divided tlieir rough fare with a neighbor or stranger, and would have been offended at the offer of pay. In their settlements and forts they lived, they worked, they fought and feasted, or suffered together in cordial harmony. They w ere warm and constant in their friendships. On the other hand they were revengeful in their resentments ; the point <if honor sometimes led to personal combats. If one man called another a liar, he was considered as having given a challenge which the person who received it must accept or be deemed a coward: the charge was generally answered on the spot with a blow. If the injured person was decidedly unable to fight the aggressor, he must get a friend to do it for him. The samie thing took place on a charge of cowardice, or any other dishonorable action, a battle must follow. an<l the person who made the charge nnist fight either the person against \\\vm he made the charge, or any champion who chose to espouse his

"Scjraetimes pitched battles occurred, in which tinue, place and seconds were appointed beforehand. I remember having seen one of those pitched battles in my father's fort, when a boy. One (_'f the young men knew veiy well beforehand that he should get the worst of the battle, and no dotibt repented the engagement to fight, but there was no getting over it. The [xy'mt of honor demanded the risk of Ijattle. He got his whipping; then they shook hands and were good friends afterward. The mode of single combats in those days was dangerous in the extraue : althoiigh no weapoais were used, fists, teeth and feet were emploved at will : but above all. the detestable practice of gouging, by which eyes were sometimes put out, rendered this mjode of fighting frightful, indeed; it was not. however, so destructive as the stiletto of an Italian, the knife of a Spaniard, the small sw'ord of a Frenchman, or the pistol oi an Aniierican or English duelist.

"The ministry of the gospel has contributed, no doubt, immensely to the happy change which has been effected in the state of our western society. At an early period of our settlements, three Presbyterian clergymen commenced their clerical labors in our infant settlements. They were pious, patient, laborious men. who collected their people into regidar congregations, and did all for them that their circumstances would allow. It was no disparagement to them that their first churches were the shady gio\e.s, and their tirst pulpits a kind of tent, constructed of a few rough slal)s. covered with cla])l3ijar(ls. "He who dwellctli not exclusively in temples made with hands." was propitious- to their de\'Otions. From the outset they prudently resolved tO' create a ministry in the country, and accordingly established little grammar schools at their own htnises or in their immediate neighborhoods. Ilie course of education which they gave their pujails was, indeed, not extensive but the piety of those who entered into the ministry more than made up the deficiency."

Rf.Coi.Lixtioxs Of Sylvester Stroxg

In the year 1807 I was two years old and came to Jamestown with my grandfather. We lived on the old Maysville and Urbana road, one-half mile from the present site of Jamiestown. On the south side of us. at Bowersville, li\ed a gentleman by the name of Hussey. His descendants are nowliving in that neigh borbocxl. Harkness Turner settled one mnle from the town on General Posey's survey. Martin Mendenhall was prf)prietor of Jamestow-n; he owned the south side of th<: town, having one hundred and fifty acres of land. The north side of the tow-n was owned liy Thon-ias Brow-der, who came from nld Jamestown, Virginia, which was the first white settlement in the United S'ates. Jamest(.i\vn, Ohio, was named after this town. John Campljell came in the same year, and settled where Tcxi Sheley n .w- resides. Two miles north of Jamestown, the san-ie fall. Isaiah Sutton settled. Xorth of him settled "Granddaddy" Paullin. All of the Paullins of Ross township are descendants and live on the land be settled. These men were our neighl)ors, and when a house was raised people would come for miles around to help. John Sheley and fan-iily were neighbors and friends of Washington ; they came here from X'irginia in 1S07 and settled on land one-half mile below- town. The Shelev familv living here now are his descendants. Mr. Sheley and wife lived to be near one hundred years old. Xoah Strong, my grandfather, hauled the logs to build the first house that was Iniilt in Xenia. Son-ie of the logs were buckeye wood, and were hauled by old Buck and Brandy, the yoke of iixen brought fri im \'ernii;int. The bouse was afterward used as a tavern and kept by Major William A. Beatty. Tbe first person buried here was my little brother, Bushrotl. who lies in the present Jamestown cemetery. The second person buried was a colored woman brought from Y\vginia by Thomas Browder. In 18 14, on the 14th and 15th days of March, niy grandfather and grandmother died of the "cold plague." which w^is then prevailing in the neighborhood. \\'ithin ten days, Uriah Paullin, Harkness Turner, Mr. Hussey and the Baptist minister's wife all died of the same dread disease. Reu1)en Strong was the first justice in Caesarscreek township. I think Peter Price was the first in this townsliip. The tr^wn of Jamestown was surveyed in 1815, by Thomas P. Moorman and Mr. Thomas, the Clinton county surveyor. The first house raised was the ]5resent I'arker H(nel property, which was used as a tavern by Thomas Watson. The next house was built liy Dr. Matthias Winans, who used it as a store. He was the first ])hysician of the town, and was the father vi the late Judge Janies .-X. Winans. of Xenia. The next tavern keeper was Zina .\dams. the father of the .\dams Ixn-s nuw living here. The first Foiirtli of July celebration was held at this ta\ern in 1830. Seven old soldiers of the Revolutionary war were present. Among them was a man named .Allen, a relative of Ethan Allen of Revolntionary fame. His descendants nowlive at .-Mlentown, Fayette county. Others present were Robert Snodgrass, Asa Reeve.s and Samuel W'ebl) ; the last named was present at the surrender of Cornwallis and saw that general hand his sword to General Washington. The names of the other three I do not recollect. We got two mails a week : they were brought by a post boy, who carried the mails from Xenia tO' Washington. When he got within a mile of town he wiiulil IjIow his horn, which brought the people idgether. A tan yard was started l)v John Miller and William Sterritt in 1810. Jn ]8i2, on the 8th of January, the battle of Lunday's Lane was fought in Cana(hi over two hundred miles away. When the battle was fought old AInrtin Mendenhall, whii was lying on the ground, heard tiic cannon roar of the battle. He was a great hunter and killed more deer and fo-und mi re wild honey than any other man. In i8[_'-i8i3 and 1814 the Shawnees, a friendly tribe of Indians, camped around here. 1 often visited their camp and traded corn dodgers for venison ham. We baked our l)read in an O'ven on the coals. An old chief named Chieske, who w'as too old to be a warrior, lived with us and fromi him I learned to talk Indian. The first meeting house was built at the forks of the road, two and one-half miles south of town. It was a Ba]-)trst church. The first pastor was William Sutton. The first hatter in to-wn was Culies. The first tailor was F.phram Alunthaw, a German.

Silvercreek lost an estimalile old citizen in the death of James Snodgrass. He was aiged eightv-seven years, seventy-nine of which were spent in Greene county. He served as a soldier in the war of 1812. He knew Springfield, Ohio, when three lo.g houses comprised what is now one of the most flourishing cities in Oliio. He served five years in the army in the war oif 181 2, was niiustered out of the service at Green Bav, Wisconsin, from which place he walked to his home in this place in 1819. He served under Captain Taylor, as he was wont to call him, who was the great soldier president, Zachary Taylor. He was in what is now known as the great city of Chicago when there was but one log ta\ern there and the garrison of the United States army, and was offered an acre of land anywhere he wished to select it for doing the work of erecting a house and for every house he would build. But he was an.xiotis to get home, wliere he had not been for years. He died in May, 1882, and is buried at Jamestown, Ohio.

Interview With John Mills In 1879

j(jhn Mills was born in Mason, now Fleming county, Kentucky, in 1794. In April of the year 1796 his father, Jacob Mills, in comipatiy with Jolm Wilson and his three sons, Daniel, George and Amos, emigrated to- what w'as then the Northwestern Territory, settling in what is now the southwest corner of Greene, the north of \\'arren. and the southeast corner of Montgomerv ci:'unties. Air. John \\'ilson having purcliased a half section of land in Greene county, his sons, George, and Amos, a quarter section each in the same, while Daniel had a quarter section in .Montgomery, and Mr. Mills had a quarter section in Warren county, all adjoining. Upon surveying Air. Alills was given all the surplus land in his section making his purchase two hundred acres instead of one hundred and si.xty. This party of sturdy pioneers came first to their purchase by themselves to set things in shape for living, leaving their families behind in old Kentucky. They did siMiie little clearing, but not much, as the lantl was densely timl>ered and stubborn to yield tu cultivation, planting sonic corn, beans, pumpkins, etc., built a small cabin on the lands of John Wilson, which was the lirst iAW buill 1.)y civilized men in Greene cuunty. They then returned for their families, crossing the Ohio river with them at I""(irt Washington, now Cincinnati, anJi moved out over the road made by General Anthony Wayne the year before (1795J. when he was in command of the soldiers of this section, engaged in the last Indian war tliat ever occurred here. Their families and effects were conveyed in one wagon drawn by. an ox team, and on arri\al all five families ntO'ved into one little cabin, while other hcnises were built l^y the joint labor of the men. The Wilsons were the first settlers of Greene county, and Jacob Mills the first tills side of Leijanon, Warren county. At or near Lel.ianon, Ichabod Cor win, father of Tom Corwin, "The old man eloquent," had settled the year before. The part of the county where the Wilsons had settled was called the 'AVilson settlement" for many years. And John Wilson was one of the sturdy men of sense whci had framed Ohio's first constitution. The ^^'ilsons and Jacob

Mills took hold of the difficulties that confronted thenii with strong hands and brave hearts. They were upon ground and near good water, but in the heart of a dense forest, where giant timber resisted their effort toi an extent almost beyond endurance, and they must ha\e failed to conquer had thev been compelled to depend cm the soil alone for subsistence, so long was it before tliey made clearings enough to sustain them, but the conntry thereabouts was full of game of all kinds, such as deer, wild turkeys, etc., that could' Ije killed at their very doors, thus furnishing them their meat, and that of mjost ncHirishing character. And so they were enabled to clear up and establisli humble yet comfortable homes, where now are Ijeautiful farms under perfect cultivation. In the following spring John \'ance, father of Joseph C. Vance, to whomi Mr. Mills went tO' school, settled where Bellbrook now is, and shortly afterward Owen Davis, (ieneral Benjamin Whitman and Colonel Maxwell and John Paul settled on Beaver creek, where Harbine's Station now is, and where Owen Da\is built the first mill e\'er built in Greene county, near the site of the present one. Shortly after this another settlement was made a short distance above Owen Davis' mill, on Little Beaver creek, by Jobn John. John Webb and John Kiser : John Webb being the grandfather of Air. Alills. In 1805 Owen Da\'is Sold his mill to Jacob Smith and moved to where Clifton now is and built the first mill there on the site east of the present one. In those days the mills only ran twoi or three days in the week, as there was not grain enough raised in the country to supply thenii. notwithstanding men came forty or fifty miles to the Clifton miills. Air. Davis often started up and ground grists uii the Sabbatli day iV^r thuse vvhu came a lung distance. At one time his religious neighljors protested and threatened Mr. Da\-is with prosecution, at which he tiild them that if they took any steps in that direction or mjade any miore such threats he would not grind annther grain for them. This settled the (piestion ; there was nothing more said. The absence of meal or Hour from their homes was a more jxrtent influence tlian their comi>unctions of conscience.

In 1809 Mr. Mills moved his family from Warren to Greene comity, again settling in the woods, near the present site of Cliltnu. John Mills was at that time about fifteen years of age. Here the father and hi-- three sons, Jacob. Daniel and Thomas, again went to work and cleared a fann, enduring the hardships and exposure attendant on such a life with patience and cheerfulness. 'I"'hey were often in company with the Indians who inhabited the county or came here on liuntmg excursions. Wolves, deer and other wild aniniials were plentiful in the vicinity, Init neighbors scarce. Jacob Mills was elected major of a militia regiment while he lived in Warren county, it being the first ever organized in the state. He was elected justice of the peace in Miami township, and served in that capacity for nine years, during which time he married more people than ar.y justice in this part of the state. He lived to be eighty years of age and died in 1850. His wife, Mary :Mills. survived him nine years, being eighty-nine years of age when she passed away. In the fall of 1809 young Jobn ]\Iills came for the first time to Xenia to attend singing school taught by David Wilson, Daniel Wilson's oldest son, held in the court house, then bright and new, replaced by one wbich was torn down this year (1900). The young ladies in attendance were mostly attired in lunnespun dresses, but part of themi wore calico', which cost more per yard than sumimer silks do now. There were at that time not more than twenty-five or thirty houses in Xenia, all log but one frame dwelling and the court hcuise, which was brick. In front of wliere used to^ be the Secotid Xational Bank there was a pond, in which the geese and ducks were swimming and the 'hogs w^allowing. Opposite the court house Major Beatty w^as keeping tavern in a hewed-log house. Up Main street, where Trinity church now stands, Mr. Henry Barnes, grandfather oi the Barnes boys now living in Xenia, had' built him a log house in the woods. At a later period of the year Mr. Mills was in Xenia and saw a man .selling cider in front of the court house for twelve and one-half cents per quart. He had a fire built on one side oi a stump then standing in the street. As the cider was so cold that no one could drink it. he Would draw a quart and put a round, hot iron in it, which he kept heated for the purpose, so as to make the cider palatable.

The first coin't held in Greene county was in a log cabin occupied by Peter Borders for a tavern, situated' near where Harbine's Station now is. The court was composed O'f Francis Dunlavey, president ; William Maxwell, Benjaniin Whitemau and James Barrett, associate judges. At the meeting of this court Peter Borders obtained license to keep tavern, as it jvas then called, but it meant to sell wiiiskey, which he did in the same room where the court was held. Tlius the first court room was the first whiskey saloon in Greene county. History says this term oi court was in session three davs, the records showing that about all the business transacted was the licenshig of Peter Borders, Archibald Lowry and Griffith Foose to keep tavern, Peter Borders paying f(mr dollars iuv the privilege. Mr. Mills remembers that the court and the whiskey got mixed up and that there was a general melee, in which all hands took part in the old fashioned way. This may explain why there were but three days' session, a point in which history is silent. There were l>ut two sessions of the court held at Peter ISorders". Afterward Xenia was made the county seat, having to contend for it with a little town called Pinkney. that had sjirung up near the present site of Treibine's Mills with the hope of being made the countv seat. There is not one tin;ber left upun another of this once pretentious little toAvn. Mr. Mills saw it when there were some three or four buildings standing, tliDugh they were then rootless, windowless anil < i course tenantless, the lonely and decaying monument of disappointed ambition. Mr. ^lills was not in Xenia from 1810 unt'l 1812. at which time there were some soldiers stationed here. He describes the town as having grown wonderfully during that time; frame houses had gone up, and nice stores started, among which was the store of James and Samuel Gowdy and everywhere moiiey was plenty. "It was such a time as we had during our late war : but. Oh, look out for the hard times that followed," said Mr. Mills. ]\Ien talk about hard times now, but they don't know anything alxiut it. Then the very highest price for labor was froni fifty to seventy-five cents per day, and coiild not be obtained at that by a great many, while everything you Ixjught was from ten to twenty times higher than now. The material of the shirt in Avhich Mr. Mills was married cost one dollar per yard and was not so fine as the one which lie had on v>hen we talked with him, the material of which cost him but nine cents per yard. Salt having to be hauled fromi Cincinnati, three or four barrels making as mmch as four horses- could pull over the new roads, was four dollars per barrel, calico from sixty-two cents to one dollar per yard, coft'ee fifty cents per pound, tea three dollars per pound, and sugar thirtyt\\<i cents per pound. Mr. Mills was married in Clifton, in 1816, to Mrs. Elizabeth Stevenson, the daughter of William Stevenson, a Kentuckian, who was a cousin to the father oi Colonel Robert Stevenson. Mr. Mills remained about his father's farm, wurking and duing what became necessary until 1820, when he moved tO' some land he had bought in Fayette county, just over the line from Greene. He first went there with two or three m/en to assist in building a cabin and getting things ready for his family. They went into- the woods two miles from any habitation and camped out, doing their own cooking and washing until the cabin was completed. In February, that he took his family, co-nsisting of his wife and three children, to their new home. The\- mo\ed on sleds, the snow being atout two feet deep. The next day after their arrival, while at dinner, a large flock of wild turkeys walked up to their door and Mr. Mills took down his gun and killed a verv large gobbler. The woods aroiuid the cabin abounded with game of all kinds. An occasional bear made its way into the vicinity, and wolves cc;>ukl be heard howling at all hours of the night in the \Vinter season, and now and th.en a human-like scream of a panther wailing dismally through the forests. -Wolves sooietimes approached within a hundred vards of the cabin after lambs ill daylight. Mr. Mills lived on this farm tifty-tive years. During this time he and his wife reared a family of nine children to be married, tiie youngest child being the wife uf T. J. Lucas. They had twelve childreri. three uf whdm died in infancy. Mrs. Mills died in 1875 '^^ the age oi eighty-one years. After her death Mr. Mills sold the farm and moved near Jamestown, Ohio, making- his home with his son-in-law, Mr. A. W. Bryan.

Few persons perhaps are sO' peculiarly constituted as not tO' relish pleasing anecdotes of those good old persons who have preceded us. In order to interest and amuse those of a later date, we would refer tliemi tO' a couple of very eccentric individuals, who' ini the early histo-ry oi Greene count}' were somewhat famous on account of their eccentricity. One of these gentlemen we will be pleased to> introduce to our readers is the venerable Payton Moorman, of whom perhaps it will be recollected by some now living that he died in the city of Xenia. A great many funny anecdotes have from tjme to. time been related of him. He had an old ox cart, "once upon a time," with a box bed of his own manufacture, which he called his buggy. He would attach his oxen to> his bugg}'. and he and his good old lady (who- was just as eccentric as himself) would mount in and ride to church, or toi a neighbor's house to pay a friendly visit. On one occasion they had Ijeen out on a friendly call, or visit, and were returning home when a '"ghost" arose immediately before the oxen in the ruad. They became terribly frightened and in spite of all that Payton (who was walking) coukl do the oxen ran away with "Becca," his good wife, in the buggy, sweepingfences and everything that came in the way. Becca barely escaped with her life. The "ghost" which caused the stampede was some mischievous fellow wrapped in a sheet. Suffice toi say the "buggy" bed was somewhat defaced by the intervention of fence rails, and brush. On one occasion Air. Moorman was out paying a visit with "Ball}-," his old mare, and by some mean.< altogether unperceived by the old gentleman some evil mjinded felloiw had, while he was preparing to start, succeeded in adjusting a brick bat under the saddle. The old man mounted tO' go, but he had no time for the interchange of compliments, "Bally" starting off like a locomotive, rearing and pitching, the old gentleman "whoa, whoa, at every bound." On another occasion still, some fellow came (it being nightfall) and attached "Bally's" tail to a log of the stable. The next morning when 'the okl gentleman gave "Bally" her breakfast in the trough she refused tO' approach it, the ,old gentlenuan became angered at the jxjor old mare and fell to whipping her, remarking "Bally, I will make thee walk up to the trough and eat thy corn," and gave the old mare several licks l>efi ire he discovered his mistake.

William Sanders

William Sanders was born in Xorth Carolina, and' married Elizabeth Lynders. They came to Greene county, Ohio, in 1801, and located irrst in Sugarcreek township, where they resided about two years,

Mhen Ebenezer Thomas offered to trade a farm of sixty acres, situated in siglit of tlie present town of Jamestown, for a liorsc. Tile excliajige was made, and in 1803 he removed to the said farm, where he lived the remainder of his life, dying July 3, 186 1, at the ripe old age of eighty-five years, and is buried in the Baptist church yard sgutiiwest of Jamestown. His youngest son, Moses, is still (1899) a resident o-i Silver Creek township, residing on part of the old farm, witli many acres more added to it.

Some one writing for "The Torchlight"' November 26, 1873, giving pen pictures of some of the old pioneers of Silvercreek, relates the following of Uncle Billy Sanders :

'"Mr. Sanders once purchased a clock (a wall sweeper) fronn Thomas Bryan, a clock peddler, and remarked at the time that he did not know much about clocks, but that 'Betty,' his wife, knew all about clocks. The clock was carried into the house and laid ujxju its jiack prior to putting it up, and while remaining in that position 'Betty' came around and accosted her husband with 'Billy. Billy, is it going?' Mr. Bryan put the clock up, which being done, he next directed that in order to facilitate the running of the clock an application of tar be made to- the machinery thereof. Accordingly 'Billy' crdered his son. Jack, to take some tar and get up into the loft and ixnir it down into the clock: he did so and of course it ran.

"The old gentleman was fond of imitating the cnnduct of others. He had on a certain occasion dined with one of his neighbors, and fried beans were served. Billy thoug-ht that this was the most delicious nuess he ever ate. On day he had a log rolling, and he told 'Bcttv' that she must have fried beans for dinner. Accordingly when dinner time came 'Betty" ser\ed up the beans, but they were so' hard that he could not niasticate them; whereupon the "old gentleman exclaimed, 'Betty, your beans are not done," to which she responded. 'th.e more 1 fried them tlie harder they got." She had fried the, beans without previously boiling them.

."The old gentleman was perhaps one of the most eccentric men of his time. His custom made him more so. He wore very plain clothes consisting of the old fashioned round-about and pantaloons the latter extending dow nward to a point about midway between the knee and ankle, and his feet clad with shoes. Some few people in Greene count}' may still remember L'ncle Billy Sanders. Peace to his ashes."

His name appears first as a resident of Greene county. Ohio, in the enumeration that was taken of Silver Creek tnwnship f(.r the year 1813. On the 26th day of October. 1820, personally appeared in open court (it being a court of record) Edward Warren, aged seventy-one _\'ears being duly sworn, doth ij.n his oath declare, "I served as a private soldier in the C(OTipany commanded by Captain John Holladay. in the First Regiment of fo(.t from the state of Pennsylvania, commanded by Colonel Janiies Chanil>ers in the service of the Cnited States, and 1 am the same Edward Warren, that in conformity with the law of the United States of the i8th of March. 18 1 8, late a pri\ate in the army of the Revolution, and inscribed on the pension roll of the Ohio agencv. at the rate of eight

(Ic-Ilars per mniiili. to commence on tlie 5th of October. 1819." He was at the time of making tliis application seventy-oiie years old. and was a cripple in the left hand by reason of a vvxnind received by a ball in the battle of White Plains, in the state of New York. He also says that he is debilitated in body by reason of old age, not able to> Work, in consecjuence of tlie wound in his left luuul and old age. His wife, Susanna, died, and he had two children living with him at this time, one son, Samuel, who was sixteen years of age. and his daughter. Lydia, aged nine years. His son, Samuel, was sickly and not able to do much work. Mr. Warren says that he served sixteen mMnths in the Rc\olutionary war, and was discharged in conseciuence of the wound in his left liand a^; nbo\i' stated.

Joiix Gordon

John (ionlon was born near Salem, X'irginia. on the 15th day of February. 1S02. and died in Ross township, Greene county. Ohio, on the 15th of February, 1880. and was buried in the cemetery east of Grapegrove, Ross township. His father. Richard Gordon, was born in Buckingham county, Virginia. December 12, 1774. two years before the declaration of independence was declared. His grandfather, Giles GoTdon, was a soldier in the war of the Revoilution and participated in one of the hardest fought battles of that war in \'irginia.

About the close of the war, his wife (John's grandmother) stated that in her b:ick yard where slie was, standing she heard the booming of the cannon, when the battle was raging at the same time, knowing that lier husl^and was at that time engaged in that deadly combat. After the battle was over and his grandfather came home, h.e related that it was dreadful, the dead and dying were everywhere, and had they been gathered and scattered o\'er a ten-acre field he coidd have walked O'ver tlieni without touching the ground. His grandfather moved tO' Rockingham county, Virginia, when Jdhn's father was about ten years old, and was overseer foT his brother Robert for some time. From there he moved to Campbell county, where they resided until John's father was twenty-one years old. John's father, Richard, was a resident wben Salem, Virginia, was laid c>ut as a town, and built the first house in the place, tie was married to Aliss Anna Garst, near Salem. January 15, 1801. John was born two miles from this place on Harrison creek, his miother not yet seventeen years old when he was born; his brothers. James and William, were also born there.

In the fall of 1805 John's father removed to Highland comity, Ohio, crossed the river where Mays\-nie. Kentucky, is nowlocated and settled on White Oak creek, ten miles from Hillsboro'. where he resided for two years, and there his brother Andrew was born in the fall of 1806.

In the fall of 1807 John's father sold his land in Highland county. Ohio, anil started back to old Virginia, and after a long and tiresome journey they reached the home of John's grandfather in Botetourt county. There again J.jhn's father settled on Mason's creek, not far from Salem, John's birthplace, where they continued to reside for about nine years, or up to 1816. Octol)er 7, 1816. his father, after trying hard to make a living, became discouraged at the result of trying to raise his family on rented land, ^nd at the above date again started hack tu Uliiu. and alter a Itiiig and tiresonie journey, arrived at the nimitli of Licking river, crossed over and again became a "Biickeje," from there to Hamilton and Dayton, and from there to a place two miles west of Springfield, Ohio where they arrived at the house ( f Creston Frantz, an uncle uf John's mother, on the 12th of Xovember, 1816. At this time there were twelve of the family, John and his wife and ten children, John being the eldest and in his fifteenth year.

They rented a Inaise of Daniel Frantz for a year, and while living in this temporary home his father heard of a farm four miles from Springfield which after a good deal of traveling he secured, and January 10, 18 1 7, commenced work on the same. Snow fell that winter fourteen inches deep. He continued to work, and in the fall of that year had erected a house of hewn logs two stories high, twenty-one by twenty-six feet, with one door and one window. John continued to live here with his father until about the year 182J, he then being twenty-one years old, he began to think of doing for himself.

He had been having pretty good times socially and had been "smitten" with the charms of a pretty yoimg lass, the youngest daughter of Jacob \Vagoner, living in the neighborhood. She at the time was the '"belle" of that vicinity, and as both families were well pleased, so was ^lary, and John ctintinued to pay his respects to her for about two years, and finallv. April i, 1824, thev were married.

They went tO' housekeeping on his father's farm, where he continued for two years, when an opi)ortunity was offered and he l;ecame the owner of forty acres of his own. He immediatelv went to work and put up his cabin and moved into it soon afterwards, irie added to it twenty acres more, so he had a farm of sixty acres, but in the winter of 1833 he began to think he must have more land. His brother Andrew was married and located in Ross township, Greene county, Ohio. In February, 1833. he went down to see his "bro'ther Andrew , and they went out to see a tract of land which was for sale, and each i>urchased one hundred aiul eighty-three acres. Fie then went back home, sold his sixty acres to his father and commenced work on his purchase in Greene county.

In the nionth of October, having at that tinte five children, he removed to his farm, where he continued to' live until his death. Air. Gordon said tliat the first time he saw Springfield was in the fall of 1816, there being at that time but three brick buildings, small in size, in the place. It was then in Cbamjiaign count}-. Urbana being the county seat. In the fall of 1817 Clark county was organized, taken from the adjoining counties o'f Greene, Champaign and Madison, and Springfield became the county seat of Clark coimty. Saul Hinkle, a Meth- (xlist preacher, was the first clerk of the courts of Clark county, and held the office as long as he li\-ed.

Was born in Kentucky on the nth day of January, 1806, and was seventy-seven years old- at the time of his death. He took part in educating a great nuiniber of citizens in this county, and he should not be allowed to pass awav without some notice. His grandparents and uncles were of the colony that left Kentucky on account of slavery, and settled in this cotmty. thus estab-

Lancelot was the son of James Junkin, and in early life ccniiiienced as a teacher, teaching in all parts of the county. When the law came in force requiring certificates of qualitications he was the first in the county to receive a certificate. It was about 1848 that Mr. Junkin removed to Lima, Ohio, where he continued to teach until the infirmities of age nuade him stop and rest. Ho could not, however, remain idle in old age, and engaged in the sale of family medicines, selling only those that he believed to he useful. A year or more later he returned to this county with his aged partner in life, who survives hinT. and was residing in Jamestown, until his final illness, with his son-in-law. William Junkin. but was remo\-ed by his wife to his home, where he died. .August 11. 1883. aged seventy-seven _\ears.

Main street. Xenia and' Limestone street, Spring-field, cross each other two niiiles south O'f Cedarville. Ohio. La early days one was called Federal and the other Limestone road. In the northeastern corner of the crossing was the "nigger field." From 1825 to 1833 its appearance was that of a dense thicket of bushes and small sapligs woven to-gether with briars and wild \'ines. The nigger cabin was a local landmark, tumbled down and no- signs of a chimney being visible, \yhen the negro cleared the field and when he died are dates that are not known. Across the Limestone road from the caljin the brick school house was built, in which Mr. Lancelot Junkin was the first teacher. A long open fireplace was at each end, while the door was in the middle of the s(Hith side, and tlie girls .sat at the left and the boys at the right. Mr. Junkin remembered having seen the colored man, but his recollection of him was faint. He was called Dave, and traditioai says he died in his cabin and was never buried.

Southwest from, this school house was nearly three thousand acres of woodland and a few miles eastward was a still larger forest called the Rig Woods, wild deer being found in both. The first day that school was held here seventeen deer walked leisurely across the road about one hundred yards from the cro.ss roads. Li 1825 wolves were not uncci-mmon in these wxkxIs. I can remember seeing them by mo(jnlight prowling around my father's sheep house, and recall the gossip about Uncle James Cresswell. father of Samuel Cresswell shooting one on the Sabbdth day. Sheep were killed by them, and a wolf hunt was organized. More men than I supiiosed were in existence met at my father's house and arranged themselves along the road, thinking to: drive them out of the woods, then shoot them. No wolves were shot, and the woods were wild with the howling the following night. Hogs ran wild in these woods, and in the winter the people would kill them and divide them according to their ear marks, eacli farmer having had his hogs marked before going to the woods. Often they would find a litter of pigs, and the one finding themi would mark theim. if the mother happened to be his ; but rascality took advantage of this state of affairs, and a dishonest man wandering in the wuuds finding a litter of young pigs wnuld mark them liis. when he liad ne\er owned them. A man of tiiis kind was called a "hog-or-an-narv."

Tlie woodland adjacent to the brick school hcaise was traversed by an obscinx wagcn way called Kenton's trace. Tradition says it had been opened by Simon Kenton as a passway from Limestone, Kentucky, now called Maysville, to Old Chilli- on the Miami, or Old Town north of Xenia, which was the old Chillicothe of the Shawnee Indians. It was made when the Shawnee Indians were friendly with the white settlers of Kentucky.

. Some horses l>eing stolen from the %v]iites afterward, they blamed the Indians and raised an army and came nnrtliward io destroy Old Chillict;the and kill the inhabitants. They rested for supper at a small creek close to the present residence of Ni.xon Brown, ha\Mng followed Kenton's trace thus far. Their plan was to wait until the moon rise at midnight, then go and surprise and kill the Indians. One of the officers had a slave with him named Caesar, who learned of the plan, and also the fact that Kenton's trace led to the Indian town. \\ hen the whites had cpiieted down he crept away, followed the trace, mjtified the Indians and fled with them. The i)arty came on, destroyed the crops and burnt the town, hut found no one to kill. The creek was afterwards known as the creek where Caesar ran away.

"Caesarcreek," taking its name from the first fugitive slave within the bounds of Greene county. These facts I got from Thomas Coke Wright, who claimed to have gitten them from Simon Kenton.

The brick school house was built in 1826 and <rlv'l began in it that fall without waiting to have it plastered. The directors ordered the patrons of the school to lurnish one ccvd of w'ood fcmr feet long for each pupil. As my father had subscriljed for four scholars, my brothers provided the four cords, which made the first fires of the schc-ol. Though four subscribed, nine of us attended the first day. Tlie room was very full the first few days, many of the pupils being aclults. One of the pupils. ]\Iiss Harriet Bower, afterwards became the wife of the teacher. This district was late in being organized, but to make up for lost time school was kept continuously for two years which was very uncommjon in that day. Lancelot Junkin was our teacher for these two' years.

The vast amount of woodland unsettled within this district tended to keep it weak for many years. Over two thousand acres of these woods were bought by Jacob Brown, father of George and Xixon Brown, in 1832 or 1833. but they were only partially opened for several years after. Boys were often Inst in the woods and sometimes men. Two of my sisters had quite an adventure in theniL Several miembers of a family living in a corner of this land were ill and inly sisters started to- help nurse them through the night. A dim pathway led across the corner of the woods, muclt shorter than the plainer road which they followed quite rapidly at first. Cattle had followed this path part of the way and then diverged to a spring, making a new path more distinct than the original one. In tiie dim twilight they followed this until reaching the spring, when they recognized their mistake, retraced their steps, but darkness overtoc)k them and thev could not see the pathway and so were lost, remaining in the \\> r>ds the entire night, and until nearlv nuun the next day. Xnt returning when expected, it was inferred that some of the sick were worse. One of my brothers was sent to ascertain the facts, and was surprised to find that they had not been with the sick at all. He rushed hmue, and the fog horn, once tlie proq^erty of one of our uncles wdio had been a boatni|an, was lilown every fewminutes, and thus they were guided home, although going, it is said, directly from home wheti they first heard the horn. During the night they had heard the yelping of se\eral packs of hounds on the tracks of deer or raccoons. Xnt being able to find their way back they climbed upon a trunk of a big tree and sat there until morning.

The following account of the pioneer schi ol house located in wbat is now known as Cedarville township, was contributed to the Pioneer Association of Greene county, bv that veteran scliool teacher, Lancelot Junkin: "Come with me away back to 1813, and let mie introduce you to that school house of early days, by a description of the first one which it was miy lot to attend as a pupil. Tbis house was built in 1812 in R(;ss township, now Cedarville township, abont two miles south of Cedarville and fi,\e miles north of Jamestown. It was constructed in true log cabin style in a dense forest. The farmers and citizens within a circle of six or eight miles met on a day pre\iongly appointed and with axes they proceeded to cut down trees suitable to l)e used for the building. The logs were cut in length to make a house twenty-five by thirty feet and these were ])uilt to a height of twelve or thirteen feet. The roof was made of claplx;ards f^ur feet in length split from timber cut down the same day. These were laid in courses on slim logs called ribs, and these were held in position bv smaller logs called weight poles. The ceiling was also made of split clapboards laid on joists of round poles, the logs being left in natural ronndness with the bark left on, ami the spaces between them were closed with clay morter. Its one wincljw was made by cutting out a log and fastening small pieces of timber perpendicularly about a foot apart, and on these paper was pasted, light coming through it. The floor was made of slabs split from large timbers and made smr>oth on one side by a large broadaxe and these were laid on joists or sleepers and fastened down by wooden pins. The door was made from the same material as was the floor, and hung in place by wooden hinges and fastened together b\- wooden pins. The fireplace was made b\ cutting out a section o-f logs some five or six feet in length and by building up short pieces of timber oiitside as high as the joists at the ixiint where the logs were cut, thus making a back wall and jambs, which were well lined with clay and mortar mingled witli straw to make it more cohesive. .\ chinmey was built up from the back wall by using short split sticks wbich were covered from within and without by mortar similar to that wihich lined the fire place. This honse was a t)-pe of those generally used in tbose days and as was common by a judicious division of labor was completed in a single day. It is probable that William Junkin was the first teacher in the house that 1 ha\-e described."

Watt Remembered

been for years a pruminent lawyer and politician of .Marysville. Ohio, and Joseph Mc- Farland. always kindly and respectfully called "old Uncle Joe."

Mr. \\'( iidl)nrn gradually sunk, luidy and mind, through softening of the brain.. and often would he get lost in the wide forest referred to in previous articles. Uncle Joe was the delight of small boys, and at a Ijarn raising or log rolling he would gather the boys aroimd him and amuse them witii wr.nderful stories. One day he showed us his gun and told us bow he kept the foremost sight smooth by looking along it. He -;iid when he was xoung that he looked so sharp that he would wear the sight out in a year, but now they lasted lots longer.

The first that I ever heard of an electrical experiment was from one of his stiries. "1 seed a man set upon a stool and tilled so full of fire that to pint his finger at his nose he would spit the fire right after you. Xow, don't you tell that it was hell fire, for maybe it wasn't." He was the pic- Ticer of the McFarlands on Massies creek and vicinity, a granduncle of Professor Mc- I'arland of the State University, a man of conmianding appearance, a good neighbor and had the respect of all.

On a farm adjoining him lived Uncle Ge. rge \\'ard. who had a beautiful meadow thickly set with herd grass, sometimes called retl ti p. He regretted that the grountl' was not adapted to timothy and clover, and when some one spoke of his nice hay he re- ])lied, "Oh. burn the light stufT. I could, carrv a ton of it on my shoulder." and he threatened to thrash Colonel Stevenson for laughing at his expression.

Xi t far I -ft was Judge Samuel Kyle, a n:a-i cf unbounded influence in the neiohborhood, a pattern of propriety and ikj--- sessed of abundant means, his credit being good save in a single case. Qiarley iSIahan charged a business man with trying to cheat him. Said Charley : "You always was a rascal : _\-ou cculd not borrow one dollar with old Judge Kyle as security." He meant no reflection on the Judge, but intimiated that the other man's character was beyond redemption.

South of Judge Kyle on the Federal read lived John Mitchel. whose youngest son. R. P. Mitchel, has lately become a citizen of Xenia, and R. B. Davidson, of E. Miller & Company, is a son of his youngest daughter, the widow of the late Dr. Davidsen, the only orator I ever heard speak.

Soiitheastward from my starting point at the crossing of the Federal and Limestone roads lived a large collection of i>eople named Malians. Mathew Mahan was a local preacher, aufl after liis wife had died and his children had been provided with a home, he went at his own expense as a mi - sionary to an Indian tribe. I think the W'yandots. He was a mechanical genius and taught them several trades, such as lirick ni/ason, harness making, carpentery, etc. It is unnecessary to say he died in peace, respected by all who knew him.

Charles Mahan lived on the Limestone road tw'o miles south of Jamestown. Yearly camp-meetings were held on his farm. He was the grandfather of Mrs. Samuel Elwell. of Xenia. and his own mother and his wife's n;other lived with hinn. I know' of no one now that suggests extreme old age as they did. They sometimes walked to omr house, knitting and resting by the way.. The'r balls of varn would frequently get awa\- frcm t'.iem. and as a little four-vear-old bov

William Mahan lived where Mathew Wilson now lives ( 1883), and, like the rest of theni', he had a large fan^ily. hut he was less prosperous than ihis brothers. His second son was a prodigy- of physical development, and once ten men undertook to catch iiimi in a ten-acre ticld in fnur Imurs and failed.

James Malum, andher brother. li\cd near the camp ground; 1 think where George Shigley resided. He lost three sons by dnnvning. M(;st (.f tlie Mahans moved west.

Malhew Malian, Jr.. a grandson of both Charles and Mathcw. Sr.. becaniK? an influential minister of the MetlKxlist church. James Clark, living amiong the Mahans, was niited fi r prudence and credibility.

Ren'Olition

Thomas To'wnsley was born in Cumlierland county. Pennsylvania, A. D. 1755. In 1782 he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah I'atterson oi the same county, and to them were born live children, as follows: Martha, William. George, Joanna and Nancy. Martha, January 16. 1806, became the wife of Major James Galloway, Jr. His son William died November 10, 1825, aged forty-two years, and is l)uried in the cemetery at Clifton. Ohio. His son. George Townsley, Esrp, was the father of onr respected townsman, Thomas P. Townsley (now deceased). He was a useful and respected man in his day, filling with honor the office of county auditor when that office was first made an elective one. He was born September 17, 1786, while his parents were journeying from Pennsylvania to Kentucky, and died October 12, 1857, ami is buiied in Woodland cemeter_\-. Xenia. Ohi' '. Joanna was born May 25, 1789, and was married to James Gowdy (first merchant ni Xenia) and lived a happy married life foir three years and six months, when, at tb.e age ui twenty-eight years, she died. .\ little daughter, their only one, died a few hours before, and thev were both buried in the Associate Reformed graveyard. East Third street. Nancy married Mr. Robert Neslaitt, one of Xenia's pioneer caqienters. In 1786 Mr. Townsley and his younger brother, Jcvhn, with their families, bid adieu to their Pennsvlvania homes and emigrated to Ken.- tncky, where they resided till the year 1800, when they removed to what was to be Greene'county, Oliio, and located on survey No. 3746, two miiles east of the present town of Cedar\-ille. which survey was a part of the Virginia military land set apart fi>r those who took part in that war. Mr. Townsley enlisted first m the Uc\-o]utionary war at the age of twenty-one at Sherman's \'alley, Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, December 6, 1776, as a private soldier in Capt. Thomas Clark's Company ( I ), Watt's Re,giment, and served two mimths. He after that, April i, 1778, enlisted as a wagoner in McCabe's Brigade, and ser\-ed two months. He ag-ain enlisted as a private soldier in Capt. John Nelson's Company, pension, having applied September 15, 1832, from; Xenia. Ohio. He was wont to speak of the time that he was wagoner as having hauled in his wagon wounded Hessian soldiers. He died at the home of his son-in-law. ]\Iajor James Galloway, February 22, 1841, and was buried in the cemetery at Ohio.

Daniel Dexs, Sr

Was b( rii in llie \illage of Tubennore. County Lcnduiiderry, in tlie north of Ireland, in tlie year 1766, and emigrated to this cc-untry in the year 1784. landing in Philadelphia. Pennsylvania. when but eighteen years of age. He was a son of Roger and Mary Dean. He sojourned in Pennsylvania. Maryland and Virginia until about 178S. when he removed to Kentucky and ]3urchased some land. In 1790 he sent back to Ireland for his mother. In 1791 he was married to Miss Jeannette Steele. In 1812, ha\-ing a large family of children and m.'t being willing to rear them under the influence cf slavery, and having purchased a tract of eighteen hundred acres of land on the waters (jf Caesars creek, (jreene county. Ohio, he removed to it, and here he resided until his death, which occurred on the 24th of January, 1843, '" t'^e seventyei.ghth year cf his age. His mother died July 21. 1825. aged eighty-si.x years. These, with many of his lineal descendants, lie buried in the Dean "burial place," selected by himself on the tract of land already alluded to on the banks of a small stream of water that flows on the west side of the same. Early in life he made a public profession of religion by joining the Associate Reformed church, in the congregation under the pastoral charge of Rev. Rankin. He and his wife remained members (,f this c< ngregation until their removal to Ohio. After their com;ing to Ohio, there not being an\- orgaiiization of that lx>dy in their neighborhood, they connected themselves with the Associate congregation of Massiescreek. then under the pastoral care of Rev. Roljert Armstrong. He became a member of the Caesarscreek congregation

( Associate) upon its organization, and S(j remained until the day of his death. His children consisting of five sons and six daughters, all married and settled on the land before alluded to. Some have nioved away and settled in different portions of Ohio, Indiana. Illinois, Iowa and Kansas. His five so.ns were Robert, William, Daniel, Joseph and James. These five sons were the senior nxembers and heads of families of the large connection of that name in Greene county. Rotert Dean was a soldier in the war of 1812 and served a tour of duty to Fort \\'ayne under Capt. Roljert Mc- Clellan. He died May 8, 1856, aged sixtythree, and is buried in the Dean Graveyard.

Samuel Kyle

Associate Judge Samuel Kyle was born near Harrisburg. Pennsylvania, in November, 1777. His father, Joseph Kyle, Sr.. ser\ed as a soldier in Dunmore's war, and was present at Camp Charlotte, in what is now Pickaway county, when Logan, thc chief of the Z^Iingoes, sent in his fann)i.> speech. In 1790 the family emigrated to Kentucky and located in Fayette county. In 1804 they came to Ohio and settled in what is now Cedarville township, and he was appointed justice ai the i>eace some time afterward. On the 22d of May, 18 10, he took his seat on the bench as associate judge, Judges James Snowden and David Houston being his associates: the Hon. Francis Dunlavy, presiding judge, and James Collier, sheriff. He was on the bench when that renxarkable scene occurred when the presiding judge ordered James. Snowden to leave the bench because he had not taken an oath of office under the new constitution, and on liis refusal he ordered.

tiie slieriff to luck iiim up in jail, and when the sheriff refused to obey the order he sent Ijoth the judge and sheriff to jail and the court broke up. He held the office of associate judge for thirty-five years. He was also the appraiser of real estate. He did a great deal of surveying and located more lands in early times than any other man. He was a member of the Associate church when it was lirst organized by Rev. Robert Aniiistrong in iliis county, and his Christian life was blameless and exemplary. He was a man of practical good sense, and did well in whatever he undertook. He was tlignitied in deportment, mild in manner.-^. Ijland auti coiu'teous in all social intercourse. ]n the war of 1812 he took a i)art. He died at his residence near Cedarville, Ohio February 25. 1857, aged seventy-nine.

D.Wiu M. Laugiieau, Sr

Son <;f David, was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, in 1778. His father, David Laughead, Sr., had nuade a visit to this county previous to his settlement here with his family, lia\-ing served under General Clarke in his celebrated campaign against the hulians, resulting in the destruction of the village of Old Chillicothe, or Old Town, in the month of August, 1780, the site of the (lUl historic Indian town in Greene county.

In 1804. the Laugheads, father and son, remioved fromi Kentucky to this count}-, settling near this city, upon the very land where the subject of this sketch died. At that time the present tlourishing city of Xenia consisted of two log houses in the center of town, one of them the well known Crumbaugh House, where now stands the Eavev & Steele building, and the other on

In company with the Laugheads came the ancestors o'f a large number of the present i3on>ulation of Xenia and vicinity, among whom we might name William and Robert Kendall, Joseph Kyle, Sr., and his family, amiong whom was his two sons, Joseph Kyle, Esq., and his brother, Judge Samuel Kyle: Alexander McCoy, John Bigger, Stephen White, James Clency and Major James Morrow. These composed a large portion of the Re\'. Robert Annstroiig's congregation, which transplanted itself alnwst bodily tO' this state and county. Inspired by a strong hatred oi slavery, their paj^tor. Rev. Robert Armstrong, followed and organized the first Associate church in Greene county.

David M. Laughead was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Kyle February 7, ]8io, by Rev. Robert Armstrong. After the breaking out oi hostilities in 1812 the settlers were continually called upon for services, generally of a very difficult and dangerous nature. Mr. Laughead was found toi be an acti\e and willing volunteer in several important expeditions, principally among w'hich was the celebrated expedition to Ft. Mc Arthur (near the present town of Kenton), from there to Ft. Finley on the Auglaize and from thence to L'pper Sandusky. The company composing this expedition were of a very singular element, most of the privates being men high in military title, embracing in its ranks such men as Major James Galloway, Capt. Thomas Constant. Capt. Robert Gowdy, Col. William Buckles, Capt. George Junkin, Adjt. William Rodgers. ^Nlr. Hugh Andrews and others. The company was placed under the command of Capt. Samuel tierrod. The object of llie expedition was to guard a train of jjack horses from Ft. Arthur to Ft. Finley, a \ery dangerous enterprise it may well he supposed, considering the hostile nature of tlie country swarming with savage Indians.

When near Ft. Arthur they were met by a messenger, who told them that the fort was surrc/unded by In'dians, and of course they w'<iul(l have to tight their way into it. Tlliis news served only tO' hasten their progress, but on arriving at the fort they found the report of the express e.xaggerated : the Indians were in the \icinitv, it was true, but they experienced no- difficulty in miaking their way into the fort.

.\t this time occurred tlie death of Mr. Cunning-ham, of Bellbrook, shot thmugh the IhkIv by an Indian bullet. The expedition reached its destination without mishap and returned soon after. When near Urbana on their way home they were met by (jen. Benjamin Whiteman and Dr. Joshua Martin, who- informed them that the citizens of Xenia were e.xcited over a rumor that the whole company, e.xcept three, had been murdered by the Indians, and that they had been" chosen to advance into the enany's ci-'unlry and ascertain the truth of the report. The meeting under the circumstances was a joyous one, and the members of the company breaking ranks made their way to Xenia, arriving on Sabbath morning, as the citizens were wending their way to cinirch.

Mr. Laughead lived to see the wonderful changes which have transformed the wilderness into a land, as it were, flowing with miilk and honey. He lived toi enjoy the fruits of the hardships of the pioneer life, and raised a large and respected family, and to become i>ossessed of all that which should attend ol<l asc. as li^ve, hi>nor. nbetlience,

The name Indian was erroneously applied to the original man of Amierica by its first discoverers. The attempt to arrive at the East Indies by sailing west caused the discovery of America. When they were first discovered, Columbus and many after him suppo-sed they had arrived at the eastern shore of the continent of India, and hence the people they found there were called Indians^ The error was not discovered until the name had so^ obtained that it could not well be changed. It is true that it matters little to us bv what name the indigenous of a country are known, and especially those of -America, in as far as the name is seldom used among us but in application to' the alniriginal Americans: but with the people of Europe it was not so unimportant. Situated between two countries, India and .\merica, the same name for the inhabitants of both must at first have produced considerable inconvenience, if not confusion, l)ecause in speaking of an Inidian no one would know whether an Anierican or Zealander was meant. Therefore, in a historical iK)int of view, the error at least is niuch to be deplored as tliat the name of the continent itself should have been derived fronr .\mericus instead of Columbus.

ganization of tlie Caesarscreek congregation of tlie Associate, often called the "Seceder" clnircli. It is the congregation now worsiiiping in Jamestown, with Rev. W. A. Robb as pastr.r. To' the left as yon gO' to Janiestnwn. nine miles from Xenia, is a conntry graveyard, which was the burial place i»f tliis cnngregation. Its first pastor was the \<q\ . Andrew Heron, who came froni K(ickl>ridge cotmty, Virginia. He was then m the prime of life, and his only st»n, Kev. John M. Heron, was ten years old. Dr. Heron was regarded as (juite an actjuisition ti> the ministerial talent of the countv. He was clerk of the Associate syniul for many years. His first wife was a McCampbell. a cousin i»f J( seiili McCampbcll. whi> resides between Xenia and Jamcstiiwn, au'd his second wife was Mrs. Irvin, Martha Creswell.