Liberty Township (part 1 of 6)

Liberty Township

A large portion of the first settlers of this township were Swiss. The writer has been told that it was at their suggestion that the name " Liberty " was adopted. They came from a country where the liberties of citizens were very much restricted by Monarchical Government, and they seemed to desire that their freedom in the new country of their adoption should be perpetuated in history, hence "Liberty Township."

Baltimore and Basil, on the canal, are in Liberty, and are both places of considerable business. Baltimore is a considerable village, and is quite noted for the strength and respectability of its secret orders. It has the usual amount of church and school facilities. Before the trade of the county was distributed by its two railroads, Baltimore had a heavy grain trade, on account of the facilities of transportation afforded by the Ohio Canal, upon whose banks it stands.

Liberty lies between Violet and Walnut, in the northern tier. I have not the facilities for giving the exact dates of its organization, or that of either of its villages, or the names of their proprietors, but they are both old villages.

The roads through Liberty follow the cardinal points. The first tavern of the place was kept by Michael Allen. The first Methodist class-leader was a Mr. Kniseley Schumaker, who also established the first Sabbath-School. The surface was originally covered with dense forests of beach, sugar, and other forest trees, to clear away which, and make the soil available for farming, was a heavy and tedious work.

Dr. H. Scott - Dear Sir: Having learned that you are engaged- in preparing a history of Fairfield County, I hereby send you a few pioneer items and incidents of the early settlement of Liberty Township, for your disposal.

I was born on the 14th day of February, 1812, just 65 years ago this day. My object is not so much to speak of what I know personally of the early history of our township, as it is to refer " to facts that transpired prior to my coming on the stage of action, and for such information I am indebted mainly to several of the descendants of the very first settlers. Among these I mention the names of Jacob Bibler, Joseph Alt and Noah Gundy, still living, and whose united ages are over two hun^ dred and forty-four years.

Old Pioneers David Brumback

^03 or 1804, and settled half a mile south of the ..^u i/o.ni of Baltimore, near Walnut Creek bridge, on the west side of the present pike. The farm is now owned by Emanuel Rinch. Mr. Brumback afterwards settled on Poplar Creek, where his son now lives. Martin Brumback, the son, has the most extensive vinyard in the county.

Bader And Showley

In 1804, Nicholas Bader and Jacob Showley came and entered a half section of land south of the Brumback place, where they lived and died. They came from Switzerland. At Pittsburg they embarked on a flat-boat and paddled down the Ohio river to the mouth of the Hockhocking. Here they put their chests and bedding in skiffs, or canoes, and poled and paddled them up to the falls of Hocking (Logan). From there they

Joseph Alt And Family

Came from the same country, one year afterward, passing over the same route. While floating down the Ohio river their boat struck a snag, and sprung a leak and sunk. They got ashore safely, but with soaked clothes and baggage. While they were waiting on the bank for another boat to come along, they built a fire and dried their clothes. At the mouth of Hocking the wife and three young children were left alone, while the father and son Joseph started on foot up stream, over hills and gullies, in search of their countrymen, Showley and Bader, in this township, and make arrangements with one of them to go to Chillicothe and enter land. The second night, while they camped in the wilderness, about midnight they heard a noise such as they never heard before. Old Joseph got up and began to stir up the fire until the sparks and flames made it light all around, and took up his gun, but the animal had fled. The next day they were told it was a panther.

Going To Mill

Old Father Bader, son of Nicholas Bader, has told me, that when a small boy, his father sent him to Ream's mill with a bushel and a half of corn, and that it required three days to make the trip. Noah Gundy says that the first grist of corn his father took to mill he carried to Newark, in Licking County. I asked how his father found the way. He said, over an Indian trail. The first horse-power mill in Liberty was built by Jacob Showley. Almost every pioneer family had a hominy-block.

Francis Bibler

Of Shenandoah County, Virginia, landed here in the woods in 1805, with four sons and four daughters. Their log-cabin was built on the spot of ground where John W. Chapman, Postmaster of Basil, now resides. This family moved into their cabin late in the fall, and before the chinking or daubing of the cracks was done.

No Bread

This family had not had a mouthful of any kind of bread in their house for over five weeks. Old Father Bibler went to Chillicothe to buy some corn. Owing to the short supply there, he only goi one bushel, for which he had to pay two dollars. This he brought home, and sent his son Jacob (my informant) to Woodring's mill, about five miles west on Walnut Creek, where he had to wait for his turn. He said that when the warm meal was running from the spout out of the burrs, he caught some in his hand, and that he never tasted anything so good in all his life.

Coons And Squirrels

The first season they planted about three acres of corn, but they did not even get a peck of ripe corn. The squirrels visited the cornfield in day-time, and the raccoons in the night. Jacob told me that his father, Abraham, went out with his rifle one morning and killed thirty-eight squirrels ofi" of one tree, and then he was not able to count the remainder on the same tree. On another occasion he brought down eighteen raccoons from a single tree.

Indians And White Boys Playing

It was a common thing for the boys of both races to meet and engage in testing their skill and activity by running footraces, jumping and tusseling.. My informant spoke of Thos. Warner's, in Walnut Township, and of Tutwiler's, and at his father's, where Basil is, as frequent meeting-places of these boys of both races. He referred by memory to the spot where A. T. Mason's residence is, and the foundry, as these old play-grounds.

"I remember," said the narrator, "of hearing ray father and other old men tell, that one time when a township election was to be held, they had to send around word and hunt up seven men in order to be able to hold an election for township officers." We have none of that kind of trouble now, and there are six to seven hundred voters in the township.

First Ministers Of The Gospel

The first resident minister was Rev. Martin Kauffman, a Baptist. Rev. John Hite, of Walnut Township, also preached in the neighborhood for many years. Rev. Fenedum, of the United Brethren, preached for a long time at the house of Mr. Showley. He was a resident of Bloom Township. Rev. Geo. Weis, of Lancaster, was the first German Reform minister who came about. He preached first at Amspach's, two and a half miles north of Basil, where St. Michael's Church now ip. This was about 1817.

Camp-Boy

In conversation with Gen. Geo. Sanderson,of Lancaster, some fifteen years ago, he told me that when he was a small boy he came with a couple of hunters into this (Liberty) township, and served them as camp-boy about a week, at a time when there was not a cabin or white man within its limits. He spoke of the site of their camp as being just above the spring, or on the hill immediately north of where Pugh's warehouse stands, at Basil, on a lot now owned by my sister, Mrs. Musser. Where now, are the hunters, and the camp-boy, and the camp?

First Tavern In Basil

Henry Yanna built the house now owned by Jacob H. Campbell, our hardware merchant. This was our first tavern. Mr. Y. was a Swiss, and a professional butcher. Many thousands of pounds of beef did he haul on the " Deep Cut " to Monticello (a town then near the present Millersport). But now Monticello is a cornfield. Beef then was sold at three cents per pound. There were more than a hundred hands constantly at work. Mr. Yanr a had for his tavern-sign an ox painted on the board.

Peter Daring

Also a Swiss, had the second tavern. There was business then for two taverns in Basil, not so much for entertainment as for the sale of whisky and " stone-fence cider," which meant four gallons of whisky in a barrel of water, to make it to keep. For his sign he had the Swiss hero, Wilhelm Tell.

First Store In Basil

Henry D. BoUe, a Frenchman, on the day of the first sale of town-lots, purchased the old homestead, which consisted of a hewed log house, and the old vacated log-cabiu, built in 1809. The purchase price was about sixty dollars. This was inlot No. 9. ^ He put one shelf up-stairs, twelve feet long and one foot wide. On this shelf he was able to put his entire stock of goods.

One year after, he put up shelving and a rough counter in the old log-cabin. In this cabin he did business for two years. In 1828 he called at our house and wanted to sell his store to my father. My father replied, "Wat do I want wid your store?" Bolle replied, "You put little Henry in dere; he make sthore-keeper some day." He left the goods in the cabin for us to sell in a year, promising to take back what was not sold. We took them at retail price, but could not make one cent on them. But father had one hundred dollars in silver, which he kept in a wooden box on top of the clothes-press. He sold a horse for fifty dollars. This made a capital of one hundred and fifty dollars, which wos carried to Lancaster on the 15th day of April, 1828, and with that amount our first purchase of merchandise was made.

Our sales did not average two dollars a daj"- during the first year, the aggregate amount sold being no more than S500. But by perseverance, diligence and attention, the Leonard brothers were enabled to navigate the turbulent waters of trade for nearly fortj' j'ears, without meeting any serious disaster from the frequent and fierce storms and hurricanes caused by the risky and unreliable trade-.winds, on account of which so many mercantile ships were swamped or sunk.

Pigeon-Hunt

There was a time in the early history of this country when wild-pigeons were so very plenty, that they literally " darkened the heavens " in their flight to and from their roost in Licking County.

On one occasion five young men set out from this neighborhood for the pigeon-roost, to bring back, as they doubted not, large numbers of these birds. Th-e company consisted of Samuel Bader, John Hively, Jacob Showley, Jacob Bibler and

Jacob Goss. The two latter are still living. They provided themselves with punk, flint and steel, for the purpose of raising a fire at night. But alas ; a cold, driving rain set in, and they were soaked to the skin, with no possibility of starting a fire, as everything was dripping wet. Their expedition was a failure, of which they never heard the last. Old Father Shriner, who was auctioneer in the settlement, or '' sale-crier," as the term was then, loved to twit the boys when they were present. " Here, Jacob," he would say, "is a tub; it will do to salt down your pigeons. How much will you give ?" Or, if he offered a small vessel, he would say, " Sell ist gut fuer Saltz," by which he meant, this will answer to carry salt for salting down your pigeons. Old Father Shriner was a jolly old pioneer. His grandchildren are now grandparents. Such is the flight of time.

Nailing Coffins Shut

Our old pioneer, David Brumback, was the undertaker in our township. He buried, or rather made all the coflSns when I was a small boy. I remember once I went with my grandfather to a funeral at Showley's, and as screws were scarce in those primitive times, nails were used to fasten down the lid of the coffin ; and I heard my grandfather tell my mother this : " Barbi, wenn ich sterbe, will ich nicht mit dem Hammer zugenagelt sein." Barbara, when I die, I will not have my coffin nailed with a hammer.

Whisky-Bottle At Funerals

I remember, too, when it was customary to carry, or hand round a bottle filled with whisky before the funeral would leave the house. I had the honor myself, when called on, to hand the long-necked green bottle around, and a young lady would follow with cakes and pies.

Indian Squaw Wounded

Mr. Noah Gundy, who has been living in the vicinity more than seventy years, told me, that the Indians almost every spring would come on Walnut Creek, near their farm, for the purpose of boiling sugar. One time a man came to hunt, and seeing some object moving among the pawpaw bushes, and be- lieving it to be a bear, fired at it, and was startled by the scream of a squaw, and alarmed, he lost no time in giving "leg-bail." The Indians were soon on his trail, but he eluded them by his fleetness, and by taking to the bed of the creek, thus causing them to lose his track; and he kept safely out of their way until the matter was settled and the Indians pacicified. Dr. Shawk, of Lancaster, was sent out to dress the wounded arm, and he partially succeeded in persuading them that it was unintentional, though they for a long time entertained lingering doubts. The squaw, however, got well, and all was over.

[This I believe to be the story that is told of the late Judge David Ewing, of Pleasant Towiiship. The circumstances are nearly the same in both statements. The friends of Mr. Ewing, however, do not locate the scene on Walnut Creek, but in the Arnold settlement, in Pleasant. They also say that the Indians refused the services of a doctor, and that the affair was settled by Daniel Arnold and others, by the payment of money and other things. - Ed.]

A Hog Story

At o»e time old Father Gundy drove forty head of fat hogs all the way to Zanesville, Ohio, for which he expected to receive $1.50 per hundred, but it seems that when he arrived with the porkers, Mr. Buckingham backed out, and said that he could not pay more than $1.25 a hundred, that they had come too late. Mr. Gundy was displeased, an I said, "You shan't have them." So the old man left the forty fat hogs to take care of themselves, and returned home in a bad humor. Strangely enough, in about three weeks every one of the hogs straggled back to the Gundy farm, over a distance of more than forty miles, and were afterwards sold to a Chillicothe man for $1.50 per hundred pounds. Hogs were then sold by net weight.

In the early settlement of our township, especially before we had a canal, our farmers would go to Zanesville with their wagons and exchange their wheat for salt. At one time six or eight teams from Walnut Creek went in company, and after they had sold and unloaded their wheat, they drove to the, salt-house. Mr. Fairchild (long since dead") said to the clerk, or salt man, " We will bet you a gallon of brandy that we have a man in our crowd that can pick up a barrel of salt by the chimes and lift it into the wagon. " After the salt man had eyed the crowd closely, and could see no giant among them, he said, "Agreed." Mr. Fairchild then called out, "John Huntwork,- pull oflf your coat and go to work." And John did not only load one barrel, but, as one wagon after another drove up, he picked up the barrels of salt as though they were firkins of butter, and loaded the wagons. And it is to be remembered, that at that time a barrel of salt weighed more than 280 pounds ; many of them weighed over 300. Mr. Noah Gundy (my informant) further told me, that John Huntwork at one time carried eleven bushels of wheat up a pair of steps at one load. The wheat was put in one large sack especially for the occasion. .

An Indian Scare

It was rumored that the Indians were coming in to plunder the pioneers. Bibler'.s cabin was the place of rendezvous. It was not long before several guns were heard at a neighboring cabin, when the women began to scream. One old lady said : " ! I wish the Indians had killed me long ago." My mother wanted father to go, but he said no, he would not run away from his own house. They all stayed at home, but no savages appeared. The rumor had been started and the guns fired by rowdies, for fun, but the neighbors did'not recognize the fun.

How Basil Got Its Name

Old Father Jacob Goss landed here in 1807 or 1808, and put up a cabin. He had two sons and one daughter. When the canal was being located, Henry Hildebrand laid out a new town, which was named New Market, but is now the "Baltimore, Ohio." Jonathan Flattery surveyed the lots of Basil, and when he was through he asked Father Goss what he was going to call his town, and he (Goss) decided to leave the naming of it to his neighbors. My father proposed Basil,* and 'Squire Joseph Hustand proposed Geneva, both Swiss names. It was decided to determine by ballot. At this stage of the case, I, a boy, came along on my return from the old Hively log school-house, with my copy-book under my arm. Father told me to write some tickets, which I did, upon a blank sheet torn from my copy-book. The votes were cast, and upon counting out from the hat it was found that there were six for Basil and six for Geneva - a tie. At this point my uncle, John Goss, came up the hill, when my father said : "John, vote Basil." He gave the casting vote, and hence Basil. I was, therefore, the first to write the name of our village, Basil. This was in 182-5, and therefore these two villages are a little over (ifty years old. Henry Hildebrand was first proprietor of Baltimore, and Jacob Goss first proprietor of Basil.

The First Corn Pone

A number of our Swiss families, instead of going to the mouth of Hocking, and up that stream in skiffs, turned up the Muskingum and came to Zanesville, a nearer and more eligible route. Among them were the Weber and Erb families. They laid up a little below Zanesville. In the morning, old Mother Erb went to a cabin near by to get some milk for their coffee. She took with her a silver quarter. The woman of the house had no change. The old lady made motion for her to let her have a piece of what she took to be an egg-pudding, which she saw in the skillet. The woman gave her the whole of it, and she hurried back to the camp with the pudding (?) in her apron, saying: "Now we will have a nice breakfast." The pudding was cut, but no one could eat a bite of it. Even their dog would not touch it. It was a corn pone. But they got well over that before they were five years older.

Cheap Wheat And Corn

Joseph Bibler told me only last week, when speaking of the price of grain, after the little farmers had raised more than they needed, that they would have been glad to have got ten cents a, bushel for their corn, but could not get five cents cash.

At one time he (Bibler) went to Lancaster to see if he could sell some wheat. A prominent citizen and business man there, said to him : " I have no use for any wheat now, but if you will bring it in and empty it into one of these mud- holes, SO our gentlemen can have a clean and dry walk, I will give you twelve and a half cents a bushel." I had heard the story before, but this from my old and reliable friend settled the question.

Conclusion Recollections Of Michael Leist

Michael Lsist was born in Clear Creek Township sixty-six years ago, and has resided within its bounds all his life. The following are the names of the first settlers of the township, to the extent that he remembers them.

John Leist (father of Michael) came in 1805. He is well remembered. He served many years as Justice of the Peace, and was thirteen times elected to the State Legislature. The very first settlers of Clear Creek, as Mr. Leist remembers them, he named as follows - the time of their arrival varying from 1800 to 1810. They settled in difi"erent parts of the township:

Martin Smith, Mr. Binhimer, the Fosnaughts (the descendants of the Fosnaughts constitute a large voting force of the township to this day). John, Nicholas and Daniel Conrad came early. Henry and Daniel Conrad, two descend- ants, are still living, at an advanced age. George Conrad is still living at the age of 82 years. He was a son of John Conrad. Daniel has two sons living, and Nicholas one. George Nigh was a very early settler. His descendants are all dead. Peter Swineford settled east of John Leist. John Welsheimer, Mr. Stott, John Starr, Peter Good, Peter Baker, George Baker. George Stout and Benjamin Chrisman were among the early settlers of Clear Creek. Mr. Dilsaver built the first horse-mill in the township. This was a little east of Stoutsville. . George and John Hammel settled a little east of Dilsaver's. George Augustus was a very early settler. There were either three or four of the Hedges amongst the firstcomers. They had a numerous progeny, and the family is still conspicuous in Clear Creek. John Reynolds came very early. His three sons, Stuart, Thompson and Franklin, are all dead. Mr. Stukey was among the first pioneers in Clear Creek Township. Two or three brothers by the name of Friend came about the same time. Their descendants still reside in the township. Mr. Spangler was among the first settlers. Two of his sons are still living, viz. : Jeremiah and Samuel. Jacob Schuraaker, a pioneer, lived and died in Clear Creek Township. Jonathan Dressback was a very early

Dutch Hollow Church

Mr. Leist described the two-story log church, built seven-ty years ago, in Dutch Hollow. Among the preachers who attended there more or less regularly, were Rev. George Wise, German Reform; Rev. Stake, Lutheran ; Rev. Leist and Rev. Bing. -

* Mr. Leist also gave an interesting description of the first school-house' and school in Dutch Hollow, near the church. School was kept there from two to three months in the year. The back-logs for the fire were drawn in with the log-chain and horse power, through an opening in the wall opposite the fireplace, and in very cold days the opening was closed by banking up the ashes to keep the cold wind out. He learned to spell by rote from hearing his brothers spell, before he knew a letter of the alphabet. On one occasion he cried because the master refused to allow him to stand up with the spelling class ; but to please him, finally he was permitted, and when the hard words passed along down the class, missed by several, he spelled them correctly and went up, very much to the amusement of the school.

The first election for the township was held in a log school house near its center. The same spot has been the voting place ever since, and continues to be at this day. George Valentine was remembered as among the early 'Squires. The pioneer house-raisings, log-rollings, corn-huskings, rail-maul- Ings, grubbings, quiltings, and the like, were referred to as things that had been, but that are never to be again. Also, the old hominy-block, the corn-grater; mills dried up and scarcity of breadstufis - the dear old days of peace, and happiness, and brotherhood.

Source changes here: from Pioneer Period and Pioneer People of Fairfield County, Ohio, by Wiseman, C. M. L. (Charles Milton Lewis), published 1901; 75,264 words in this source stream.

Liberty Township

Christian Gundy and wife came to Fairfield County in the year of 1800 from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. They came as far as Wheeling, Va., where Gundy left his wife and came on by himself. He cleared a piece of ground and planted it in corn on Walnut creek. During the summer he went to Wheeling for his wife. He spent the fall and winter in a rude camp with a blanket for a door. Robert Wilson, a neighbor of Gundy 's came about the same time.

David Brumbuck came in 1803 and settled onehalf a mile south of the present town of Baltimore. He later moved to Poplar creek, where he died. His son. ^Fartin, lived a long life upon this farm, where he was a farmer and grape grower.

Xicho'las Badcr antl Jacob Showley came to the county in 1804 and settled one mile north of the present Baltimore, and there they lived and died. They were natives of Switzerland. They embarked on board flat-boats at Pittsburg- and floated down to the mouth of the Hockhockinq- and from there pulled their g-oods in canoes to the falls, or Hockhocking-, now Logan.

Joseph Alt, also a Swiss, came in 1805 over the same route taken by P.adcr and Showley. He left his friends at the mouth of Hockhocking-, while he and his son, Joseph, made their way on loot to Fairfield to the home of Bader and Showcly. Air. Alt succeeded in brmging- his family and goods up the Hocking, and established them in his cal)in in the woods.

His family has been a prominent and honorable one in Liberty township for ninety-four years. Emanuel Alt, the breeder of fine cattle two miles north of Baltimore, is a genial son. Here he owns a fine farm and a lo'vely home.

Francis Biblcr came from Shenandoah county, A'a., in 1805. with four sons and four daughters. His cabin stood where Basil is now located. His family was without bread for five weeks. Bibler went to Chillicothe to obtain a supply of corn and could get but one bushel, for which he paid two dollars. This corn was ground at Woodring's mill, five miles west O'f his home, on Walnut creek. Their first crop of corn was destroyed by squirrels and crows. Bibler. in one morning, killed 38 squirrels on. one tree with his rifle and the next morning 18 raccoons from one tree.

Jacob (ioss, grandfather of Dr. J. H. Goss. of Lancaster, came to the township in 1807. He also cauie from .Switzerland. He had two sons and one dangliter. Sebastian Leonard came about the came time.

Jacob Goss laid out the town of Basil in 1825. The plat was made by Jonathan Flattery, an early surveyor. The neighbors named, or chose the name by ballot and the casting vote was deposited by John Goss, father of the doctor.

Henry Yanna kept the first tavern in the new village. He was also a butcher and sold thousands of pounds of beef to workmen on the Ohio Canal at 3 cents per pound. His sign was an ox. Peter Darning, a Swiss, also opened up a tavern in probably the same year. His home was the "William Tell." He sold "stone fence cider" - four gallons of whiskey to one barrel of water.

Henry D. Bolle, a Frenchman, kept the first store. His entire stock of goods rested on one shelf twelve feet long. In 1828 he sold out to Sebastian Leonard, Sr., father of Henry Leonard, and with $150 a new stock was purchased in Lancaster and Henry installed as the new merchant.

Henry Leonard was born February 14, 181 2. He was a bright boy, but did not succeed in getting much primary education. He spent a few months in Gen, Maccracken's store in Lancaster, in order, as he said, to get some insight into the business. He returned to Basil and in a few years was a prosperous merchant. And the firm of Leonard Bros., Sebastian and Henry, became a large and well known establishment and had a profitable career for nearly forty years. Henr\' Leonard was much more than an ordinary man. He took a leading pari in all iHil)lic matters, was a leader in the church and a sincere Christian. Rev. George Leonard is his son.

customary to hand round the whiskey bottle and other refreshments, and that he was frequently called upon to perform this honorable service. The writer has good reason to remember Henry Leonard. He was a noble, generous, gifted man, and his memory will long be green in Liberty township. He was a brother-inlaw of the late Jacob Beck. They married sisters. They were, also, cousins. Their fathers married sisters, daughters of Jacob Goss.

Rev. Martin Kaufifman, of the Baptist Church, was the first resident minister. Rev. John Hite, of Walnut Township, preached in the neighborhood of Basil for many years. Rev. Benadum, of Bloom township, a L'nited Brethren, preached often at the home of Mr. Showley, on Walnut creek.

Men of great strength were numerous and popular among the pioneers. John Huntwork, not a giant in size, either, was a very strong man. Once at Zanesville, on a bet made by Mr. Fairchild, he loaded three wagons with salt, picking each barrel, weighing three hundred pounds each, by the chimes and pitching them into the wagons.

On another occasion he carried eleven bushels of wheat up a pair of steps at one load. Noah Gundy, late of Liberty township, witnessed both astounding feats.

Great Beyond

He was the only son of George and Elizabeth Spangler Achey. He received a common school education in Pennsylvania. Leaving school he removed with his father and family to Ohio. They spent one year in" Franklin County, and then moved to Licking County, locating in ^tna township. Here the father spent the remainder of his life, dying in the year 1870.

Jonathan was apprenticed to the joiner and carpenter trade and served his time, as was then the custom. About the year 1844, he came to Baltimore and began his career as a builder. He built many of the fine houses and barns in and about Baltimore. Among these the fine residence of the late Byron M. Pugh and the barn of John Bright, of Poplar creek.

In the year 1847 he was married to Miss E. M. Gafiford, daughter of Joseph Gafiford. He has been an honored member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows since the year 1852. During the greater part of his life he had been a church member, first of the Reformed Church ; latterly of the Evangelical. The life of Jonathan Achey was a modest, unobtrusive one, full of good deeds, and such as to merit and enjoy the esteem of all who knew him. An honest man, a good citizen and a Christian gentleman.

For several years he served the people of Baltimore as a member of the town council and the board of education. As husband, father and public servant he was faithful to every trust and closed a long and useful life in peace.

He left a widow and five children. His son William Henry, a railroad man, lives in Texas. A daughter, Nina May Crew, in Areola, Illinois. Mrs. Parthenia E. Collins, Mrs. Sadie J. Cochran and Mrs. Carrie Honora Bright live in Baltimore.

Baltimore, Fairfield County, was for three or four years the shipping- port and rival of Lancaster. A brief sketch of the town and leading merchants is appended :

The Ohio Canal was located through Fairfield County in the year 1825, and the first shovel full of earth thrown out by Gov. DeWitt Clinton, of New York, at a point near Hebron, in the presence of a vast concourse of people. Thos. Ewing and other prominent men of Lancaster participated. Gottlieb Steinman furnished a dinner upon a grand scale for that day. He told the writer that the crowd of people and the rush for dinner was so great that hundreds partook of it without payment, and that many persons afterwards sent their half dollar to him by mail. His loss was such as to greatly embarrass him.

At the close of the ceremonies at Hebron, Gov. Clinton was escorted to Lancaster, where he remained one day the guest of the people of Lancaster, who vied with each other in doing him honor. From Lancaster he was escorted to the county line by a large concourse of prominent people, where he was met by a delegation of prominent citizens of Columbus. In this way he made the trip to Cincinnati, by way of Springfield and Dayton, returning to New York by way of Chillicothe and Lancaster.

The canal was completed and ready for business in the year 1831, and the first boat passed Baltimore in October of that vear. The prospect of a canal caused (112) many towns to be laid out upon the surveyed line, and of the number Baltimore became the most prominent. The original plat covered nearly one square mile. It was a boom town, like many now in the west, and hundreds of the lots are now pasture fields.

The writer is indebted to Henry George Black, now a resident of Black Lick, Franklin County, Ohio, and long an honored citizen and merchant of Baltimore, for much of the information in this sketch, from whom we quote largely. Mr. Black has had a long and honorable career and is passing a green old age quietly and pleasantly upon his farm. The partner of his long life was a Miss Rhoda E. Kelley, whom he married in November, 1 84 1.

" Henry Hildebrand laid out that part of the town lying south of the Licking Summit (about the year 1826 or 1827). That part of Baltimore was called New Market. George Huntwork laid out the part of Baltimore north of the canal about the same time, and it was called Rome. By the act of incorporation, the two towms were united into one and called Baltimore. At the time I went to Baltimore, March, 1829, to live, there were quite a number of small stores there, among which were Zug & Gordon, George Clark, Busby &

Mahlon Atkinson & Co. After the completion of the canal the number was reduced and several firms changed. William Wing and J. Smith Atwood, who had been partners in the construction of several sections of the canal, engaged in a general mercantile business and erected a grain warehouse and continued business until about the winter of 1835 and 1836, when J. Smith Atwood, having married a Chillicothe lady named Orr, removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, and engaged in the wholesale grocery business for a time, and then went into the banking business, and afterwards removed to Wall Street, New York city, where he continued in the banking business until he removed to Lincoln, Nebraska, where he continued the banking business for a time, and died a few years since in Springfield, Missouri.

Michael RufTner and Coulson Davenport, from Barnesville, Ohio, with John Davenport, father of Coulson, engaged in a general mercantile business in 1829, and in 1832 or 1833, the Davenports withdrew from the business, when William Coulson, of Rushville,, Ohio, took the place of the Davenports with Michael Ruffner, under the firm name of M. Ruffner & Co., who erected the flouring mill on the canal, known now as the Norris mill. In 1838 or 1839 Michael Ruffner sold his entire interest to William Coulson, and removed to Coles county, Illinois, where he died several years since.

Mahlon Atkinson continued in business for a few years and left the place. Thomas Reed started with Asa Clark as a partner and continued in business a few years, when it was discontinued. Mr. Reed was a citizen of Lancaster, and was a partner of Wm. J. Reese, in business in Lancaster.

Monticello and Millersport were located so near each other that upon the opening of the canal Monticello was entirely abandoned as a place of business and the business of the neighborhood was taken to Millersport. Atwood & Usher opened a store at one of the points (which, I am unable to state). Mr. John D. Martin, of your city, can inform you of that fact. It is my opinion that Mr. Martin clerked a short time for Wing & Atwood, of Baltimore. There was a firm of Decions & Dellinger in the business a short time either at Monticello or Millersport. Harrison Delhnger died, and Daniel Decions removed to Greenup, Illinois, where he practiced law. At the time what is now known as the new reservoir was being constructed, Elias Vance, who had been in the employ of Wing & Atwood, at Baltimore, for some time, established a business at Millersport, erected a grain warehouse, and continued in business until about the time the Pittsburg and Fort Wayne railroad was being constructed through the western part of Ohio, when he removed to the town of Van Wert, Ohio, where he died some years since.

The first canal boat passed Baltimore in October, 183 1, is my recollection, and they were expected in September, and several days had been named for their arrival. The citizens of Baltimore had placed a cannon on the bluff near the hotel to announce the arrival of the first boat, which remained in position some days before it was made to let the country people know that the boat had arrived.

About the year 1829 or 1830, Dr. Silas S. Geohegan and Amos T. Swayze began the publication of a weekly newspaper called The Bahimore Times and Canal Register. After continuing it for a time, it is my recollection that they sold the press to a Wm. A. W. Rawlings, and later I think it went into the hands -of a Mr. Ellis, when it was removed to the town of Somerset, Ohio.

William Wing, having succeeded several mercantile firms in business in Baltimore, in 1842, made an assignment, and applied for the benefit of the Bankrupt Law. then in operation. At the sale of his stock of goods Tunis Cox and Elijah S. Anderson became the purchasers, and continued business for a few years. In the month of August, 1843, ^ opened a small stock of goods, and continued in business until about the close of the w&r of the rebellion.

I was born in the month of June. 181 7. and lived in the village of Rushville. Ohio, until eleven years old, when I went to live with INIichael Rufifner. at Pleasantville, Ohio, in June. 1828. The next March Rufifner removed to Baltimore. Ohio.

Dr. Luke Helmick and Dr. Wm. M. P. Quinn were practicing physicians in Baltimore at an early day, and they had several passes at each other in the Baltimore Times ncAvspaper, showing up the dark spots on their character, but it did not terminate as the Osborn-Elliott case at Columbus, a fen- years since.

William Lamb slaughtered and packed pork on his farm, where he resided, in Walnut township, for a number of years, in the winter season, and conveyed the product to Baltimore, when it was shipped by canal boat to Cleveland. Mr. Lamb, about the year 1838. became a partner with Wm. Wing in the dry goods and grain business, and remained so until 1841, when he sold his interest in the firm to Wm. Wing, who assigned in 1842, as I stated above.

William Coulson, of Rushville, and Joseph H. Ijams, of West Rushville, Ohio, in connection with their general store, purchased and packed in hogslieads of one thousand pounds or more the yellow tobacco that was raised by the farmers of the Rushcreek Hills, and conveyed the same to Baltimore for shipment by the Ohio Canal to an eastern market. Joseph H. Ijams established a general store in Baltimore, Ohio, about 1838. in which Oliver S. Reed was a partner, and who had previously been in the employ as a clerk with Michael Rufifner first, and William Wing afterward, and who died in the city of Columbus several years since.

David C. Ruffncr at one time resided in Baltimore. He purchased a farm on the road between Baltimore and Millersport, on which he resided till the time of his death, which occurred in the city of Columbus, in consequence of an accident that befell him when conveying a horse thief he had arrested, on whom there w^as a reward ofifered for his arrest.

Dr. William Trevitt practiced medicine at Baltimore in 1830, for a time, when he removed to Thornville, Perry County, and was elected to the legislature, and afterward became the secretary of the state of Ohio, and died in the city within the last fifteen years.

The first meal I ate in Baltimore was at the hotel kept by Laughlin Kennedy, who did not remain in the l)usiness long. John B. Allen, Henry Warner and Joseph Gafiford kept hotels in the early days of Baltimore. Judge Abram Pitcher opened a public house for a short time only, on the corner of Alain and Liberty Streets, where Jonathan Achey now resides.

Michael Ruffner, referred to by Mr. Black, was of an old Virginia family, with a very large connection in this county. Benjamin Rufifner and David Rufifner were old-time business men of this county, and known far and wide. Col. Joseph Ruffner and his sisters,

N. R. Usher was an engineer on the Ohio Canal and after his experience as a merchant, owned and occupied the farm now the home of Milton Taylor, Walnut township. John D. Martin, of this city, when a boy, clerked in his store as a dry goods clerk.

Wm. Wing was a man of ability, but unfortunate in business. Late in life he became the secretary of the Ohio Central railroad and died at Newark, Ohio a few years since.

Monticello was a considerable village at the time the canal was finished. The location of Millersport by Mathias Miller killed the old town, and all that isleft of the old site is an old well on the Lancaster road, about one-half mile south of Millersport.

Wm. Lamb was a business man of more than local reputation, but like his partner, Wm. Wing, failed in business and took the benefit of the Bankrupt Law. In his old age he parted with his Walnut township' farm and purchased a farm west and adjoining the homestead of U. C. Rutter, where he died a few years since.

Wm. Coulson and Joseph H. Ijams were famous merchants of their respective towns, Rushville and West Rushville, but like hundreds of others they went down in the great crash of the early forties and never recovered. Coulson died in Rushville, having passed his 90th year. Ijams died in Iowa many years since..

Pittsford, Reed & Co. were the successors of Joseph H. Ijams. Pittsford was the state superintendent of the Baltimore division of the Ohio Canal at the time he embarked in the mercantile business. In a few years he tired of the business and settled upon a farm near Kirkersville, Ohio, where he died many years since. His daughter became the wife of Isaac Finkbone, of Liberty township. Casper Feidler, well known in Lancaster, and Jacob Wagner succeeded Tunis Cox in the mercantile business in the year 1849.

A good story is told of Henry G. Black, when a young clerk for Michael Ruffner. Baltimore was then the great shipping port for Fairfield County, and the Cleveland grain merchant often sent money by canal boats to Baltimore to purchase wheat. On one occasion a keg of coin was rolled off at the Baltimore wharf in the night. The captain called up the young clerk to take charge of the money. He is said to have replied, "never mind, no one will know what the keg contains, and it will be there in the morning." Dan Clinger says that in 1839 a string of wagons a quarter of a mile long could be seen every day for hours waiting their turn to unload grain.

William and Horatio Clark, it is believed, were the first settlers, along with W. Lane, father-in-law of H. Clarke. They settled on Tobey creek, one mile northwest of the present village of Royalton, and near the Indian village of Tobey Town.. The date of their coming was in the year 1799. A family named Wintersteen came near the same time and settled on Sec. 32, of Bloom township. In the same year, month of November, Wilkinson Lane, of Pennsylvania, settled on Sec. 8, Amanda township, and in June, 1800, Thomas and Broad Cole, perhaps brothers, settled on the same section. One of the family, Abraham Cole, was a school teacher. Broad Cole was one of this family (we do not refer to the son of Thomas Cole, of that name, born in 1802) and was a tax payer m 1806. Bishop Asbury preached in his cabin at 3 P. M. on a week day, in 1803, the first preaching west of Lancaster, O. We cannot learn of any descendants of this Broad Cole, but that he lived here in 1803 and 1806 is unquestioned. Broad Cole, son of Thomas, born in 1802, married a daughter of Samuel Peters and lived upon the old homestead at the " big spring." His (120) son, Thomas Cole, is a farmer in Amanda and an old school Baptist preacher. In June, 1807, David Svvope and William Long settled on Sec. 8. In the year 1800 Dr. Silas Allen and his four sons, Whiting, Benjamin, Lemuel and Jedadiah, came and settled on Sec. 3. The families of John Searle and Abner Burnet, came with them. Subsequently, probably several years, Burnet moved to Meigs County, and Whiting and Benjamin Allen to Delaware County, Ohio. Col. William Hamilton lived on Sec. 10 as early as 1810. In that year he laid out Royalton for the Aliens and uoon their land. The village was so named for a town or county in their old home in Vermont. The first female child born in the new settlement was Eliza, daughter of Lemuel Allen. She was known in later years as Mrs. Meeker, and lived beyond 93 years. Dr. Silas Allen died in the year 1825. The first school in the neighborhooa was taught by Miss L. Case in 1810. Lemuel Allen brought her from Granville, O. The building used was a new stable. The next school was taught by Warren Case, of Granville. In 1812 Henry Calhoun taught the school. In 1810 the Rev. Hoag. of Columbus, a Presbyterian, preached in Lemuel Allen's house. This was the first preaching in the neighborhood except that of Bishop Asbury in 1803, ^^ the house of Broad Cole. Lemuel Allen kept the first hotel or tavern, Jacob Bush kept the first store in the new town. In 1814 the Methodists organized a society - which still flourishes.

Richard Hooker was an early settler in the neighborhood on Sec. 19. Richard Hooker was for years a Justice of the Peace. In September, 1817. Elder Eli

Valentine Reber and wife came from Berks County, Pa., in 1805 and purchased Sec. 10, where he lived and reared a very large family. A talented family, widelyknown and highly esteemed.

David Swope came to this county from Huntington county, Pa., in the year 1801. His son, Thomas Swope, was born in the year 1801. He lived upon the old home during his life.

His son, I^elix, resides upon the old Cole place and his sister upon the home farm of Daniel Swope. Jacob Swope lives in Missouri, Thomas at Reynoldsburg, O., Abner R. at Bloomingsville, Fayette County, O. Samuel lives in Wood County, O.

Joseph Clement was an early merchant of Royalton, We cannot give the date of his coming. He brought his family to Royalton from New Jersey, of which state he was a native. His sons were Charles, Joseph W. and Wm. L. A daughter married George Creed, Sr., and after the death of Creed she married James M. Pratt. Mary, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Creed, Sr., married Governor Lowe, of California.

William L. Clement, a son-in-law of Valentine Reber, was a merchant for many years in Royalton and did a thriving business. This was between the years 1840 and 1880. His second wife was a daughter of Dr. Reber. of Brandon, Miss., a niece of his first wife.

Ezra Schleich was a merchant of Royalton about 1835 to 1840. Samuel Busby lived there as early as 1826 and '27 and then his son, J. T. Busby, was born- Busby removed to Baltimore where he and a brotherin-law. Fetter, started a store in 182Q.

Next to Dr. Silas Allen, Dr. Ezra Clarke was an early physician of Royalton. He came there from Vermont. He was father-in-law of Dr. Miner, of Lithopolis. He came to Lancaster to live in 1823. He died in the year 1830 and was buried in Zane Cemetery. Dr. Rogers, from Vermont, practiced in Royalton in 1830.

Dr. M. Z. Kreider lived in Royalton a few years, but came to Lancaster about 1832 or 1833. Dr. Paul practiced medicine in Royalton for a number of years and died there. He had one or two daughters and three or four sons. Joseph H. Clements married his oldest daughter. They moved to Illinois where the wife was accidentally burned to death and Clements died of disease. Dr. Paul sent for the children and brought them up in Royalton. The oldest son, Joseph Clements, married a daughter of Professor Freed. Dr. Frisbie lived for some years in Royalton. He had two daughters. One of them married Edward Hay. They moved to Hancock county. Dr. Frisbie, in his old age, went to live with them and died there. Paul and Frisbie were Vermonters. Dr. Frisbie married a second wife. She lived in Middletown, Vt., and was the widow of Orion Clarke, an attorney of Middle- town, during his life. He brought his bride ^o Royalton and her two sons, W. C. a.id Arthur. W. C. Clarke, who died but recently, married a daughter of Dr. Miner, of Lithopolis.

Judge Beatty

John Beatty, who was born and reared near Colfax, married Delilah, daughter of Nicholas Beery, Jr., and moved to the Tent in Pleasant township, where he operated a tannery. There, in 1836, May 8, their son, James H. Beatty, was born. About the year 1840 he moved to Royalton, Ohio, where he was a tanner, merchant and stock dealer until the year 1857, when he moved to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. James H. graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1858 and then joined his parents in Iowa, where he studied law.

In 1872 he went to Utah and served some years as U. S. attorney. In 1882 he moved or located in Bois City, Idaho. For ten years past he has been United States District Judge for the Pacific slope, residing in Bois City. At this writing his parents are both dead. His grandmother was a sister of Frederick Sites as is the wife of the late Dr. Luke Helmick, of Baltimore, Ohio.

Dr. E. L. Miner was born in Middletown, Vermont, June 9, 1797. He was educated at Castleton College and graduated there in 18 18. He then studied medicine, and moved to Royalton, Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1820.

The state of Vermont gave to Fairfield County a number of good men, beside Dr. Miner, Dr. Ezra Clarke, Dr. Silas Allen and his four sons. Dr. Torrence, E. B. Merwin, an attorney, and Dr. Paul. William Slade, son of Ex-Governor Slade, was an attorney of Lancaster. Dr. Rogers and Dr. Frisbie.

John Humrighous

Other New England states gave us Beecher, Scofield. Sherman, Creed, Foster, Converse. Peck, Whitman, Dr. Hyde, Pennsylvania, ^NlcCracken, Kreider and Sanderson. New York gave us Stanbery, Clark and Brasee. Virginia gave us Thos. Ewing and Judge Irvin. All bright, brilliant, educated men, who were chiefly instrumental in establishing the civilization we now enjoy. JOHN HUMRIGHOUS

For 55 years Mr. Humrighous was an undertaker of Royalton - in that time he buried 2,500 people, within a radius of ten miles. At the time of his death in 1893 he was the second oldest undertaker in the United States. He was born on the Huston farm near Royalton in 181 1. He married Magdaline Wagner near Carroll, Ohio.

John W. married Mary Ann Reber, daughter ot Thomas Reber. He is now a retired farmer of Shelbyville. 111. Irvin married Mary Allen and moved to Shelbyville, 111.

Lewis married Ellen Murry, Henry married Mary E. Strayer. Henry and Lewis live upon the old home place and carry on their father's old business.

The Allen Family

The Allen family has been prominent in Fairfield County for one hundred years. The pioneer, Dr. Silas Allen, was a man of education and character, and his descendants were numerous, and throughout their long career have maintained the reputation of their distinguished ancestor. Samuel Allen (the first) came to America from B'ridgewater, Somerset County, England, in 1620, and settled in Baintree, Massachusetts. His wife's name was Ann, but we can not give the surname. Their son Samuel (the second), was born in 1632. A daughter, Sarah, was born in 1639, married Joseph Standish, a son of Miles Standish, of the " Mayflower." This Samuel, the second, married Sarah Partridge. Their son Samuel (the third), was born in 1660. He married Rebecca Carey in 1685. Their son Samuel (the fourth), was born in 1686. Their son Timothy, was born in 1691, and was the grandfather of General Ethan Allen, of Revolutionary fame. Rebecca died in 1697, and Samuel (the third), married Mary Alden, a daughter of Joseph, a son of Captain John Alden, made famous by Longfellow in " Miles Standish," and the first man to land on Plymouth Rock. To this union were born six children, viz.: Joseph, in 1701, Benjamin, in 1702, Mary, in 1704, Rebecca, in 1706, Matthew, in 1708, Seth, in 1710. This family, about the year 1727, moved to Connecticut, and settled at Norwich, later they moved to Centerbury, Conn. At Norwich, Joseph Allen married Rebecca Fuller, of Preston. Their son, Barnabas, was born February 24, 1729, at Norwich. Barnabas married Elizabeth Fuller, daughter of Randolph Fuller, in 1752. Their son, Silas, was born in 1754. He was educated and studied medicine.

He married Mary Cleveland, daughter of Samuel Cleveland, May i6, 1776. She was a fourth cousin of Moses Cleveland, the founder of the city of Cleveland, Ohio. She was also related to Grover Cleveland's ancestors. Soon after their marriage, with others of their family, Dr. Allen and wife moved to Middletown, Vermont. Their children were Lemuel, Jared, Rebecca, Anna, Elizabeth, Benjamin, Jedadiah, who was born in 1781, and Whiting, born in 1782.

In the year 1800, Dr. Silas Allen, with his family and several neighbors, in all forty persons, left Middletown, Vermont, for the West, intending to go as far as the Mississippi river. Arriving in Fairfield County, they found the country on Tobey creek so inviting that they concluded to remain there and become permanent settlers. In the course of time Whiting and Benjamin Allen moved with their families to Delaware County, Ohio, where they were prosperous and respected people.

Whiting Allen married Mahitable Searle, one of a family, of the 40 emigrants mentioned. A descendant of this Searle family married a daughter of George Ewing, of Iowa City, Iowa, and resides there in charge of a newspaper.

Amos S. Thomas, of Lancaster, is a great-grandson of Whiting Allen. Mrs. Eliza Meeker was a daughter of Lemuel Allen, and died aged 93 vears. Dr. Silas Allen lived an exemplary and useful life in his new home, reared and established his family, and at the age of 71 years, September 7, 1825, departed this life. His body was buried in the grave yard at Royalton.

Their children were, Rachel, born 1809, Howard, born in 181 1, Lyman born in 1813. Rachel became the wife of Thomas Reber, and died near Upper Sandusky, Ohio. Howard married a daughter of John Leist. He was a farmer and successful in business. He was the father of John and Jesse Allen, who now live on the old Allen homestead. Howard was the father of Sarah, widow of the late Henry Reber ; Mrs. L. J. Silbaugh is a granddaughter. Lyman Allen married Eliza, daughter of Valentine Reber, in 1836, and spent his life amid the scenes of the early struggles of his pioneer ancestor. His children were Charles, Clinton and ]\Iary, now dead ; and Flavins, born in 1842. Magdalene born in 1844, Elnora born in 1846, Ethel born in 1848. Valentine Reber, born in 185 1, Rachel born in 1853. and died June 22, i860, Olive, born in 1858. Lyman Allen died November 16, 1894.

Jedadiah Allen was one of the best known men of Amanda township. He was a fine business man, full of energy and industry, and accumulated a large estate, a part of which he bequeathed to the " Ohio Wesleyan L^niversity." The late Jacob Beck was his executor. Jedadiah died September 5, 1856, at his modest home in Royalton.

Valentine Reber Allen married Effie Courtright in the year 1877. She was a daughter of Zephenia Courtright, one of the prominent and well known men of Fairfield County.

So far as known, however, the family are now and have been for three-quarters of a century, Methodists. There are many families in this county connected by blood or marriage with old historic American families, and none more prominently so, than the Allen family. Harding and Jerome Allen were sons of Lemuel. They both moved to Delaware County, Ohio, and later Jerome moved to Shelbyville, Illinois.

Cole Brothers

Thomas Cole, and a brother. Broad Cole, came to Fairfield County in the year 1801, and settled in Amanda Township. They came from Huntington County, Penn.

His son Shadrick was a man of some prommence and was a Methodist preacher of local reputation. A son. of Shadrick Cole moved to Nebraska. Thomas Cole, born March 15. 1757, was one of the ])rominent early citizens of Amanda Township, and he lived there during his life. His son Broad Cole married a daughter of Sanuiel Peters and lived and died upon the farm now owned by Felix Swope. His son Thomas Cole of Amanda Township is one of the intelligent and worthy men of the township and an old school Baptist preacher of more than local reputation.

An Interesting Sketch About Its Pioneers

CHE village of Rushville was laid out at an early day by a man named Montgomery and Joseph Turner, latter being owner of the land. Montgomery kept a tavern there as early as 1804. A man named Owens was the first merchant. What became of him or his family is not known. A man named Plummer erected the first mill near the village.

Daniel Baker, one of the most prominent men of the early period, was a native of Maryland. When a young man he learned the trade of a carpenter with William Dufifield of Lancaster,' whose dwelling stood where the courthouse now stands. He married Mary McNamee of Walnut township, and lived for a time on the farm now owned bv Mrs. Boyer, on the Salem pike. There his son Milton was born November 28, 181 5. Daniel Baker moved to Rushville in the year 1817, and died there in the year 1855.

He was during his life a very highly esteemed citizen and a very zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He built their house of worship in Rushville, but in what year we cannot state.

Baker was a fine carpenter and built most of the fcarly homes in and about Rushville. His son, Milton Baker, a very exemplary citizen, is now in his 84th (130) year, the oldest man of Rushville, having Hved there 82 years. He has had a long life and it has been a useful and honorable one. A daughter of Daniel Baker married a ]Vf cFec ; they are the parents of Wilber and Homer ]McFee of Lancaster, Ohio.

The wife of Daniel Baker was a daughter of Thomas McNamee of Walnut township. He owned the land where Henry Musser now lives. There were several McNamee brothers ; Job and .\dam lived in Walnut, George and Moses lived and died in Maryland.

The McNamees were prominent people and the owners of good land. One of their sisters married a Shane and one of his daughters was the first wife of James Ashbrook.

Job McNamee of Kankakee, Illinois, is a son of Job, Sr. A sister of Job was the first wife of the late John Lamb. The second wife of John Lamb was the Widow Gafford of Baltimore, Ohio.

John Baker, a brother of Daniel, was once county recorder of this county. His wife was a daughter of Judge Swayze. Another brother was Rev. Job Baker, who was an early Methodist preacher in this vicinity, but went South, and after a long career, died in Texas.

Rev. Henry Baker and Rev. Samuel Baker, nephews of Daniel Baker, were Methodist preachers. Rev. Hcnrv Baker was stationed in Lancaster, C^hio. in the year 1840. J. H. Baker, son of Rev. Henry Baker, became a newspaper man and was elected Secretary of State for Ohio and Minnesota some thirty or more years since. He now resides at Mankato, Minn.

its (listing-nished and well known merchant, William Coulson. He was a native of Pennsylvania, but came to Rushville from the town of Barnesville. He was a brother-in-law of Hon. John Davenport, who at one time was a member of Congress from Ohi(>. \\\\- liam Coulson transacted a very large business for 20 years. Sold many goods and dealt largely in tobacco. When the Ohio Canal was completed in 183 1 he formed a partnersliip with his son-in-law. Michael Ivuffner, and opened a store in Baltimore. He also built a large \\archouse and a llouring mill. 1*'he warehouse is still standing but useless for that pur- ]:)o.>e. William ^^ ing was a rival of the firm, and they made a very disastrous failure in 1841 or 1842.

i\Ir. Coulson never recovered from this failure, and resorted to teaching school for a living. He was an eiTective local preacher of the Methodist Church. He was a man of fine presence, of fine mind and well informed. He lived beyond the age of 90 years.

[lis chil'lren were Lr.u.isa. who married Michael RuiTner, and died in Baltimore, ( )hio. Mike Ruffncr, before going to 1 Baltimore, ran a small store in Pleasantviile. Chit); he had formerly kei>t a tin and copper shop iu Rushville. -\fter the death of his wife, he courted and manied a girl who lived with William Wing, and with her moved to Greenup, Illinois, and set up for a doctor vvithout much preparation for so res]:)onsible a profession. His body was buried at the cemetery near Casey, Illinois, along with many other Fairfield County people.

Susan married W. B. Lewis, who was a merchant and justice of the peace; they reared a nice family. Dr. Lewis and John Lewis, the merchant, both of Rushville, are their sons.

Lydia Coulson married for her first husband, Joel Beckwith of Somerset, Ohio. For her second husband, she married Lewis Peters of Nebraska, Pickaway County. She is still living, the widow of Mr. Peters, with her step-son Dr. Peters.

Nathaniel Coulson succeeded his father in business, with G. W. Ritchie as his partner, and later he was in business for himself. Late in life he moved to Edina, Missouri, where he died.

Thomas Coulson married for his first wife a Miss Tallman of Greenfield township. She was said to be the handsomest young woman in Fairfield County. For his second wife he married a daughter of the late Joshua Clarke. He has lived in the West for over 45 years. For some years he lived at Trinidad, Colorado, where he died a short time ago.

Some vears after the coming of Coulson to Rushville, C. G. Wilson & Co., of Zanesville, opened a store there. This store was managed by Gilbert McFadden, who in time became the sole proprietor. He lived in Rushville manv years, an honest, upright life, and

William Reed of Baltimore, Maryland, came to Rushville about 1850, and opened a store, which he operated a few years. He then closed out and removed to Chicago, Illinois.

Rev. Henry Fernandes was a pioneer preacher and a very popular one for many years in Fairfield County. In his old age he ran a small store in Rushville. After his death his daughters became teachers in Chillicothe, Ohio.

Mansfield & Kellev were merchants in Rushville in T840. Brooke & Lewis were there in 1849 and 1850. Josepli (i. Nonrse, a well educated man and a very thorough business man. was a merchant for several years in Rushville, going there in ab')ut the year 185 1. From there he moved to Cincinnati, where he died of smallp;)x. lie married a daughter of the late Orrcn .-\blHitt of this countv.

Dr. Simon Hyde and the elder Turner were the early ])hysicians of Rushville, and Dr. Nathaniel Wait still earlier in West Rushville. Dr. Wait was the father-in-law of the late John Van Zandt.

Rushville is located u])()n a high bluff, just where Rush Creek enters the great canxon, which is the wonder and admiration of all who visit the hx^ality. Here is the high bridge. 45 feet above the waters of Rush Creek. It is an iiUeresting old town, one of the earliest of the county, the home and trading point of

This generation cannot learn too much of the history of the prominent people of forty or fifty years ago. Dr. Simon Hyde, late of Rushville, Ohio, father of Eber Hyde and Airs. Dr. Lewis, of this city, was a giant in intellect, a famous scholar and an eminent physician of that period. When quite a young man two of his brothers were sent to college. Young Simon was not of robust health, and remained with his parents upon their farm near Norwich, Connecticut. As his l)rothers laid aside their l)ooks, he took them up an 1 alone and unaided mastered the college course. He WTis a fine Latin, Hebrew and Greek scholar, and was especially fine in matb.cmatics. ( )f the latter, astrononiv was his favorite, louring his long life he was a student of tlie r.il)lc, and always read it either in the Latin, fireek or Mel)rew. .At about the age of tweti ty-three years, he left his Connecticut home and made his wa\- the best he could on foot to Ohio. This was about the year 1815. On leaving home he said to Iv^ mother: " A'ou will find in my trunk some (dd papers which Nou nun he interested in after 1 am gone." Like all mothers un<ler similar circumstances, she lost no time in mastering tlie contents of the trunk. Among other interesting i:)apers found was a complete almanac, calculated for t\\ent\- years, as perfect as any professor of astronomy could have made it. His first sto])ping place in ( )hio was Franklinton, on the Scioto river. He remained there two years, but was so afflicted with chills, that he concluded to try the hill countrw and removed to Rushville, where he continued to reside until his death. There he tauuht school and completed his medical studies. He became a very popular and successful physician, and his practice extended over a very large extent of country. He would call to see a patient ten miles distant, would then be called upon to go further, and in this way his trips often extended over two or three days. He was somewhat eccentric, but possessed a generous heart. At about the age of forty years he married a daughter of William Coulson, then one of the prominent merchants of Fairfield County. This union was blessed with eleven children, four dying in infancy. The sons were Dr. William Hyde, of Detroit; Eber, of Lancaster; Solon, of Columbus ; Joseph K., of Rushville, and Rodney, of Adams county, Ohio. The daughters were Mrs. Dr. Lewis, of Lancaster, and Mrs. Harmon, of Columbus, Ohio. His boys were principally taught by their father, in which employment he spent his leisure hours, and in which he took great delight. He was a strong, rugged-looking man, kind and affectionate to his family. His daughter Mary (Mrs. Lewis) was educated at Lee Female College, Massachusetts. Dr. Hyde was a man of great endurance, and of great physical strength.

This was demonstrated on one occasion in a very singular and dramatic manner. He was called to visit, in great haste, one of the Wilsons, just west of West Rushville. and as he approached the old bridge over Rush Creek, not so high as the present one, he saw a drove of cattle near the west end. He pushed on, however, notwithstanding the remonstrances of the drover, who urged him frantically to stop. Seeing the doctor determined to cross first, he took off his coat and met him in the center of the bridge, and caught his horse by the bridle. The doctor very cooly dismounted, and remarking, " I will teach you better than to stop a doctor in a hurry to visit a patient," picked up the drover, raised him over the bridge railing, and dropped him into the water, some ten feet below. Then, as calmly as he got down, he mounted his horse and rode off. Dr. Hyde died at the advanced age of 79 years. His life was pure and honorable, devoted to his family, and to the good of his fellow men. The poor and unfortunate always found in him a friend. The good that he did lives after him.

Old Time Taverns

Historical characters and animals were drawn upon without stint, and hy long association, many of those dear old names revive in the aged and middle-aged sweet memories of the past and associates and friends long since gathered to their fathers.

One of the most striking signs of the early period was that of Samuel Graybill, two miles out of Lancaster, on Columbus pike, where the old home still stands. This tavern was called the Green Tree. And there was painted on the sign a large tree, and a pack of hounds, and Graybill on horseback, with a fox on a leaning tree, ready to spring. Fox hunting was the joy of Graybill's life.

Another coimtry sign was the Blue Ball, at the Rock Mill, wl^ere George Lantz now lives. This was kept by King, famous for his good fare. One of the early signs was that of Jacob Beck, on Columl)us street, where \\'\u. ( letz now lives. On his sign was a large Buck, and willi tlie name of Jacob Beck.

The F. A. .Shaffer tavern was in early days called tlie W'asliington, with a picture of the general on the sign. Auntber Wasliington tavern was in Idiornville, kept for some time 1)\- Dr. MaA'ue, Ijcfore be became a doctor, and settled in Basil. We refer to the father of the late Dr. Wash. Alayne.

Jacob Walters kept tavern some years Avhcre tlie Betz house now stands. He called his house the William Tell, after the famous hero of a Swiss legend. There A\as a picture of the famous mvth with drawn cross-bow and arrow. Col. Noble's tavern was called the l^nion as earlv as 1819. Tt was a log house, but weatlierboarded. It burned down in 1832 or '33, and a new brick building of two stories was erected in its place. This was called the Phoenix, after the fabled bird of heathen mythology ; presumably because it had risen from the ashes of the old I'nion. This tavern was owned by a compau}- - and in about five years it was sold to IJarius Tallmadge, and by him greatly im- ])roved, and the name changed to "Tallmadge House.'' Another famous hostelry was where the ]\lithoff now stands. Hie sign was ornamented witli the picture of a large swan. Col. Sager was one of the famous landlords of this inn. There was an old-time tavern on the north side of Main street, near the canal, called the "Golden Sun," with a picture of that huninary in a l)la7e of glorv.

Another old tavern sign will be remembered by a few of our readers. The "f'lack Horse," kept .\llen House, on East Alain street. The building stood near where the fine Ihnninger residence now stands. Xo one could go down Main street east and fail to see the black horse. House is said to have entertained ( ien. Santa Anna on his wav to Washington, incognito, after his battle of San Jacinto.

( )ne of the famous old-time taverns was kept bv tlie -Vyes, in Tarlt(^n. and another by Col. .Sager, of ( )akland. Col. Sager's wife was a Smith, cousin of IvoI)ert, of rieasant township. The X\es preser\ed

The good old names are now out of fashion, and only exist in memory, and the modern styles predominate. Such as Hotel Martin, The Kirn, The Mithofif.

The modern hotels excel the old in comfort and convenience, but you cannot convince old-timers that the good fare and good cheer of the old taverns were not the best.

In the old bar room at Fred Shaffer's more than a dozen travelers have been seated and made comfortable, and the evening spent in enjoyable conversation. At least six lawyers have been known to lodge in one room at old-time taverns, and while a game of cards amused the players, the others with a single candle prepared their cases for the next day.

The Great Agricultural Attraction Of Southern Ohio

CHE first county fair was held in the year 1852, There had, some years previous, been an effort made to organize a fair, but it did not succeed, although some prominent men were at the head of it. John T. Brasee, John Reber, Daniel Kutz, Darius Tallmadge, John Shaeffer, Isaac Claypool, John Van Pearse, Daniel Keller, David Huber, John Gill, James W. Pearse, and the Ashbrooks were the leading men in the enterprise, and gave it their time freely, and the full benefit of their example and influence.

The site was on what is now known as the Caffee addition to Lancaster. Eight acres were fenced off, the canal answering for the west side fence. John Reber purchased a boat load of lumber in Cleveland to build the fence. This lumber he afterwards sold with very little loss, and the society did not have much to pay- John Reber was the first president,Judge John S. Brasee the first secretary, and John Shaeffer the first treasurer.

On the second day John T. Brasee delivered a prepared speech to a large and attentive audience. Capt. Joshua Clarke pronounced it the finest speech that he had ever heard. Judge Brasee remembers the speech and says that it was a fine effort.

Krasee, Reber, D. Kutz, D. Huber, John Gill and Ashbrooks were exhibitors of fine stock. The entire receipts amounted to $825. This sum paid the premiums and all expenses.

James W. Pearse exhibited a saddle horse, ridden by his daughter, now Mrs. Matlack, of Lancaster, then a bright and handsome young woman. An accident of some kind caused her to be thrown from her horse, bui she was not injured.

Tn T853 Mr. Reber purchased the Wright farm. and reserving 13 acres for a fair ground, sold the farm again at a price that gave him the 13 acres without cost to the society.

On this spot, with many additions, the fair has been held for fort\-six years. John T. Ih-asec wrote the original constitution, and it was adopted at a meeting held at Shaeffer's hotel.

hVom this small liegiuning referred to, the fair has grown to \ast pr(i])oi-ti()ns. The early fairs were noted for ver\' large dis])la\s of good horses in all classes. .At sexeral fairs tlie number of horse entries was in excess of two hundred, and this at a time when trotting, as it is now understood, was unk"nown. Relier's sjilendid stud of tlioi-onglilrel Ji.M-ses wa> ;dw,i_\^ a ,L;re;:t attraction.

( )f the outsiders who ne\-er held office in the societ}". but who worked for the interests of the fan" t"or weeks at a tinn'. Dr. l)a\idson, druggist, is one of the most noted. H]". Daxidson for manv \ ears exb.ibited fine h«M-.-es, (lro])ping in after Fveber's death.

The okl-tiniers are nearly all gone, and a new generation runs and patronizes our fair. It is still a very live institution, and in good hands. Men are at the helm who wear the mantle of the pioneers in the work with becoming grace and honor.

In the years 1858 and 1859 John A. Fettus was the President, C. AI. L. Wiseman, Secretary, and Joseph C. Kinkead Treasurer, there were over 200 horses shown for premiums in the ring. Among them "Old Hoiatoga" and a splendid array of his colts from one to four years of age, the best among them "Chieftain" owned by Brown of Thonville. Sold as a five year old to Sam Crim for $1800.

Some Of Its Sons Who Have Obtained Distinction West Of The Mississippi

CHE g-reat West is well sprinkled with Fairfield County people. The traveler can scarcely stop anywhere without meeting their smiling, friendly faces. They greet the visitor from the heart and their hosi)itality is unbounded.

Of those who have become wealthy and attained prominent positions and influence in financial circles, Andrew Jackson Snyder, of Kansas City, ^^lissouri, is the most striking and distinguished figure. His youth was one of toil and hardship, but he was honest and industrious. Before he had attained his majority, he was at work on the farm of the lale Frederick Lamb, O'f Walnut township, at ten dollars per month.

Tiring the farm, he started for tli- AVest. and fallin;^- in witli a rccnntiii':' officer, lie (.-n'isicd in the regular army and served five _\ears. lie was a fine s])ecimen of the ])!iysical nri'i, 1:ill and well proportidiied.

to justice. In his official career he accumulated some money and conckided to go to Missouri, which he did. There he met, wooed, won and married a good woman. Kansas City was then attracting the attention of enterprising men and thither he went. He soon became a leading dealer in cattle and prominent at the stock yards. He prospered and invested in land, stocked it with cattle, and soon earned the title of "Cattle King." His ranch on the plains was said to contain 45,000 acres. He became interested in one of the leading banking institutions of the city and soon was elected its president, a position he still holds. He has long been rated a Yer>- wealthy man. Fairfield County has sent out few men (if any) who have l)cen as successful in life as the poor boy of fifty years ago. known as Andy Snider of Indian Creel-, Ricliland township. He is devoted to his family, has a fine home and lives in style becoming to his position and wealth. His wife is one of the accomplished and fine looking womcu of her adopted city. She is the daughter of Noah r.eery and the grand-daughter of John Beery, brother of George and Abraham lieery.

The other son is a pro^mising man. He married the daughter of General Richard ()gles1)y, the bosom friend of Abraham Lincoln and a distinguished exsoldier.

Noble. Judge Reber was a son of Valentine Reber, a very prominent pioneer, and was born near Royalton, Ohio. He received a good education and studied law in Lancaster. After admission to the bar he removed to St. Louis, Mo. Here he practiced his profession with success and closed his career on the Common Pleas bench. Judge .Relx'r married a daughter of Gen. Wm. J. Reese. He left a widow and a large family of children. He was himself a memljcr of a very large family of brothers and sisters, all of whom filled honorable and respected positions in life. The best known of his brothers in this county were Thomas and Henry. Lyman Allen, Wm. L. Clement and Andrew Peters were brothers-in-law. Of this large family but two survive, Mrs. Huber, of Seneca County and Joseph, of Independence, Mo.

John W. Noble was a son of Col. John Noble, one of the pioneers of Lancaster, and for years an honored citizen of both Columbus and Cincinnati. His son John was born in Lancaster a year or two before the Colonel took up his residence in Columbus. We can barely claim him as a Lancaster boy, and must divide the honors with Columbus. His youth was spent both in Columbus and Cincinnati. W^e do not know where he studied law or when he settled in St. Louis. This is known, however, lie graduated at Miami LJniver- and was a classnuite of i 'resident Harrison. The acquaintance then formed ri])i'ned into friendship and had much lo do with his selection in after years as Secretary of the Interior. lie was a very capable Caliinet officer, and those who had occasion to meet him pronounced h.im a courtly gentleman. He returned to St. Louis and resumed tlie j^ractiee of law. His brother. Henry Clay Noble, another Lancaster boy, practiced law in Columbus and was for some years a partner of Henry Stanbery.

Enoch Beery Seitz

He was a teacher in the ]ml)lic schools of Creenville for a number of }'ears. He earl}- dis]~)layed qreat aptness for mathematics and devoted his leisure hours to soh-ino- the hi<lden nnsteries of numl)ers. He was a contributor tO' several magazines devoted to mathematics, anion;:;- them the Mathematical A'^isitor and the Educatic>ual 1'imes, of London. England. His oriq-inal in\'esti, Rations astonished the world and he was soon classed as one oT the ^qreat matheinaticians of the world. He furnished over five hundred model solutit)ns to the ."school \''isitor. in which he dis])layed qreat ini^enuit}- and ability.

This lirilliant _\can,q- man died in the prime of life, a;;vd 37 xears, in the \ear 1883. His fame is world wide and his worics w ill endure forever. His remains were Innded at Greenville, the scene of his early labors and lriuni])hs.

! ir. Williams, oi tin's county, was a threat mathemalician. Init he did not conu- in contact or touch with the mathematicians of the Wi)rld. hence his reputation is local, wliile the name of his friend is known and honored wherever mathematics is tau!,dit throucrhout the world.

Greenfield Academy This Popular School

Dr. Williams was one of the great scholars and educators of the time, and he drew about him and to his school many young men who had a thirst for learning, and who subsequently filled honorable positions in life.

We give herewith the names of students who attended Greenfield Academy, alphabetically arranged and without regard to the term or years of their attendance. There is no measure of value for such services as Dr. John Williams rendered to the people of this county during his useful life.

Students Of Greenfield

Ewing, Thos., recently killed by an accident in New York City. He had a distinguished career, was Judge of the Supreme Court of Kansas, a major general, a member of Congress, and a distinguished lawyer.

Tallmadge, Jas., son of Darius Tallmadge, and brother of T. W. Tallmadge, oi Washington. He went first to California, thence to South America, where he died.

Williams, Alfred, now a clerk in State Department, Washington, D. C. The only son of Dr. John Williams He was at one time prosecuting attorney of this county. He married Miss Hoffler, niece of H. H. Hunter.

Miscellaneous

Connell, Col. John M., studied law and lived most of his life in Lancaster; he was the first Colonel of the 17th Ohio, Union army; he was also a member of »^he Ohio State Senate.

The little red brick schoo'l house, known as Greenfield .\cadeniy, was torn down a few years since and a frame dwelling erected in its place. The old building was about five miles distant from Lancaster, on the Carroll pike, and just a few yards this side of the Presbyterian church in Greenfield township. Of the boys whose names have been recorded, but few remain. Death has claimed the large majority of them. Dr. David Carpenter, Dr. H. W. Carpenter, Judge Brasee, Oliver P. Chaney, E. C. Kreider, are well known men. E. P. Ashbrook, now more than four score, is living in Illinois. Isaac Claypool is also one of the living, as is L. L. Rockey, of Liberty. David Pence and Samuel H. Anderson are well known fartners of Pleasant township.

There is a tradition that James G. Blaine attended Greenfield Academy, but it is a mistake. Mr. Blaine, while on the car in full view of the old brick academy, said to the writer, " I did not attend the school of Dr. Williams, I was only a visitor in Lancaster in 1840."

County

TTBE will name a few teachers of old time wliO' A A I were good scholars, especially in certain ^^^ lines, and many of them taught fairly welL The schools of the period we refer to were taught in log school houses, benches without backs, with writing desk along the wall; many of the houses were poorly heated and destitute of every comfort or convenience. The scholars ranged from six years up to stalwart men and women of about twenty-one years. Many of them were rude and unruly and went to school for fun. The teacher who kept good order was rare and he had his hands full. The rod, a good hickory, was relied upon by the teacher. In many cases boys were flogged unmercifully - they deserved it. and parents seldom interfered. Indeed, it was customary for fathers to tell their boys, if your are whipped at school and I hear of it you will get another at home.''

There was one well authenticated case when the teacher was told that he could never manage the school and the names of the rowdy boys were given to him. He procured a few good hickory withes and on the first day of school he met the boys at the door, asking each his name. He severely flogged each one and told them that that was the way he commenced, and if necessary he would keep it up. The parents did not complain and he conducted the school without any trouble. The boys who received the flogging had (155) broken up two or three schools. Then schools were a very poor place to study, but if the teacher had a fair chance, good places to get instruction, and the ambitious boy thirsting for learning fared very well in spite of his surroundings. Occasionally a teacher could be found unworthy of the name. A school was once taught in Pleasant township by one of this class. A visitor noticed a Latin book on his desk and inquired if he taught Latin. He replied in the negative and his attention was called to the book. He then remarked that one of his scholars had used that book for his reading lesson since he came to the school - and he thought the language was rather strange. On another occasion one of his scholars came to him to explain a page of his arithmetic devoted to bookkeeping. The teacher told him that he could not explain the matter as it referred to surveying. We are pleased to know that there were not many such teachers, even among the old-timers. To the list of old teachers we must add the names of Thomas Ewing and Hocking H. Hunter - their teaching was only temporary. One of the greatest liberties taken with the teacher by the scholars, and tolerated, and in many cases encouraged and promoted by the parents, was the barring out of the master at Christmas time, if he refused to treat the school. Two or three bushels of apples were generally more than sufficient to satisfy their wants. If the teacher refused - and they often did - the door was barred, the windows defended and the master kept out until he relented, if it required a whole week. This custom was universal 60 years ago - all old men remember it.

red out. He came to the school house and demanded entrance. The reply was, treat and you can come in. Faith and I will, but it will be meself, he replied, and wended his way to Royalton and began to get quite tipsy. This was kept up for a day or two. On one occasion he climbed to the roof and placed a board over th.c chimncv in order to smoke the boys out. A few of the parents whO' were near got upon th.e roof, took the old fellow by the heels, swung him clear of the building and threatened to drop him to the ground if he did not agree to treat.

One of the greatest features of the old-time schools was the spelling match, one school against another, or the h.alf of one school against the other half. These matches created great excitement and filled the houses. There were numerous scholars in a township who could spell every word in \\\"bster's American spelling book.

I'he father of James Buclianan, of I'asil, was one of tl-ic oldest teachers of this county, and a worthy man. Tlie father of Thomas Tugh was a well kno'wn teacher and l-.rought up two of his sons to the same profession.

All have passed to the great l^eyond and many of them have been forgotten. Would that the names of all could be rescued from oblivion and placed upon a talilet of enduring bronze, that the children of this and succeeding generations might at least read the names of those who in times past taught the young idea of their forefathers how to shoot.

The schools of pioneer days were not numerous. Previous to 1830, when our common school system was adopted by the Ohio legislature, all schools depended upon private subscription. A teacher was selected and employed and the parents of each scholar paid his or their proportion of the expense. Parents too poor to pay tuition had to be content with sucli instruction as they could give their children at home, and in most cases this was very limited.

In this day of good schools and thorough teaching it is a mistake to suppose that the early schools, few as they were, were without merit and ability on the part of the teachers.

Thomas Ewing bears wholesome and worthy testimony to the ability and scholarship of his first teacher in those early days - an Irishman whom he gratefully remembered.

There were many teachers in Ohio and Fairfield County in the early days who came from Ireland or were sons of Irish parents. They were good teachers and good scholars - especially were they good in grammar and mathematics. But unfortunately, many of them were intemperate and rather dissolute in their habits : often bachelors who tramped from one neighborhood to another - and like the old minstrel immortali;^ed b\- Walter Scott, welcome wherever they happened to sto]) or tarry to teach a school. An Irishman named Welsh was an early teacher of th.is class and he was a great favorite.

C )ne of the first men to teach school in this county was John Goldthwait. The school was in the Mc- Cleery district in Greenfield township. Goldthwait came from Massachusetts, having been born in the city of Springfield. He came to this county from Athens, where he had taught in the year 1801. He died near New Salem in the year 1829. He was a good man and upon his modest tombstone is inscribed his hope of immortality. He was a lover of fruit and the people of Fairfield County owe him a debt of gratitude on that score. He established a nursery and brought from Marietta the scions of Golden Pippen, Newtown Pippin, Seek-no-Farther, Rhode Island Greening, Roxbury Russet, American Golden Russet or Pearmain and that rare apple, the Vanderver. He planted the first orchard in the county on the old Levering farm near the camp ground.

James Allen, of Maryland, came to this country at a very early day and settled in Walnut township. He was a good common school teacher, and beloved and remembered by his pupils.

Father Monroe was a good teacher of the early period of the common schools. He came from New England. One of his last schools was taught in Bremen.

A man named Brent taught school for years in the neighborhood of Pleasantville. He came from Winchester, Va. A brother of his was cashier of the Bank of the Valley oi Virginia. Brent was dissipated, but withal a good teacher.

Father r.ryan. long a resident of Pleasantville, was an Irishman, a fair scholar and a good teacher. He was the grandfather of Dr. Gilliam, the eminefit surgeon of Columbus, and great-grandfather of Attorney Gilliam of this city.

We had one old-time teacher who was on his last legs when he came to the county. He was competent, but dissipated. He was tolerated, but in time could not procure a regular school. He opened one on his own account for boys. On one occasion he had a spelling class on the floor and he remarked. "Boys, I am going to pronounce a word (of course the word was such as to excite their risibilities) and if any of you laughed immoderately, but no one was whipped, for the teacher joined in the merriment. Doubtless there are men still living who attended his school.

A witty Irishman, named Skenmore, taught school in I'erne township in the year 1813, and was called a very good teacher. John May and a Mr. J. Addison had previously taught there. This was in the Carpenter or Koontz district.

John Griffith and John Grantham taught school in the Murphy district prior to 1830, and as early as 1824, in Walnut township. Richard Clarke was one of the early teachers of Madison township.

The late John Crook states that John Addison taught in the Koontz, or Prindle district in the year 1809. He was a good natured man and was liked by his scholars. A Mr. Burrows and Hocking H. Hunter afterwards taught in the same district, and in later years a beloved brother of the writer, long since dead, William Wirt Wiseman.

In addition to James Allen, previously mentioned, Jesse Smith, was a very prominent early teacher in Walnut township. A. Cole and W. H. Coley were early teachers in Hocking township.

Bartholomew Foley and Thomas Paden were teachers in 1828, in the Koontz school house in Berne township. Paden was afterwards a merchant in New Salem. He married a Miss Frey, of Rushcreek township.

James Hunter, uncle of the late Andrew Hunter, was an early teacher in Hocking township and was one of the first to teach a school in Lancaster.