Marion Township (part 1 of 2)

Marion Township

entli range line to the northeast corner of section 1 in township number 7 of range iS ; thence west along the said township line to the northwest corner of section 3 in said township number 7 and range 8 ; thence south along the section line to the southwest corner of section 22 in said township number 7 and range S ; thence east along section lines to the seventh range line; thence north to the place of beginnmg: containing twenty-four sections/'

David West, a native of the State of Delaware, now eighty two years of age, resides in Fairview, (luernsey County. Mr. West states that he came to the place where Sumnierfield now is on the 15th of May, 1812. It Avas all a wilderness, not a stick of timber had been cut. He remained but a short time, then returned to Barnesville, where he remained four or five years. He then returned to \vhat is now Summerfield, where he worked at his trade (shoemaking) and clearing uj) land. After his family had grown up, he removed to Guernsey County.

Other settlers, who came originally from Delaware, were Nathaniel (^apell, Ananias Banum, Archelaus Lingo, William Lingo, James Shankland, Asa Barton, Thomas Cochran, and William Burcher. These were mainly men of limited education, but well able to defend themselves in an argument. Nathaniel (^ajx^ll was especially gifted in this direction, as were also two of his sons, William and James. The latter was a man of much more tlian ordinary ability, and in public discussions or in the ])ulpit was able to hold his own with any opponent. Among the oldest residents now living in Summertield and vicinity are Mary Capell, now the widow of Richard Ilorton; Elizabeth Lingo, widow of James Osborne; Mary Shankland, widow of Liston Prettyman, now living with her mother, the \vidow of James Shankland and John Shankland, on the old homestead.

Joshua Wolf was an early settler on the Taylor farm, near Lexington. lie kept tavern. His place was a great resort in early times. Many shooting-matches were held there. Wolf also followed blacksmithing. His father, John Wolf, a veritable backwoodsman, was an early settler

' In that year came Moses Ilortcm, who bought the land on which the town of Summertield now is, and a few years later laid off some lots whei'e the road from Zanesville to Sunfish on the Ohio lliver and the Barnesville and Marietta road cro.ssed each other. He prophesied that it would become a large town. *'Yes," said William Earheart, deeming his ideas rather vijiionary, ''when the Ohio liiver comes to it.'' Though Mr. Ilorton's hopes have not been fully realized, the town is now second in the county, and has a railroail instead of a river connecting it with larger places.

Samuel Osborn and James Osborn with their mother and their sistei"s, Mary, Kitty and Betsey ; William Mc- Clintock, John Fnmklin, Alexander Franklin, James Tv(immax, Eliza I^rge and five sons and one daughter came in February of 1S20. Hugh Waybrant, John Waybrant and Thomas Taekaberry. l^ter came William Craig, Wyndham Sparling, John Cleary, Edward CMeary, Thomas Burns, Anthony Kilroy, ('rumlin P^erris and Jose|)h Mitter.

A few of the early settlei*s became discouraged and left, but the most of them stuck bravely to their work and made good homes for themselves and their families. George AcreiK Patrick Pei)i)ard, Thomas Taekaberry, Thomas Burns and John Waybrant, of the Irish sel tiers, became disgusted and returned to Pittsburgh.

It is difficult to understand how men and women, accustomed as many of them had been to the ways of luxury and civilization, could patiently endure the hardships of pioneer life and withal enjoy tliemselves therein. But that they did there is abundant evidence. They were industrious and diligent workers, and wielded the axe or the grubbing hoe with sturdy hands, inspired and encouraged by the hope that in this way only could they win for themselves a farm and a home.

The Irish were looked upon with a go(Kl deal of suspicion by their neighbors, who came from Maryland, Virginia and other Eastern States. This caused them to cling closely together and to render all ])ossible assistance to one another. Their characteristic energy, enconomy and thrift were displayed in such a manner as to convince the native Americans that they had come to stay, and were able to hold their own in the struffsle for existence. They were all Protestants and friends to religion and e<lucation. They early estJiblished and maintained subscription schools, and as far as they were able, gave their children the advantages of education. The work of im|)rovement went forward rapidly and almost without exception the Irish settlers thriveii and pros|)ered. Their influence is still felt, and their descendants' are a most worthy class of citizens.

Moses Horton early started a small store for the sale of ammunition and tea. Powder and lead (which was molded into bullets), were indis- ])ensable articles. Squirrels were so abundant that boys and men were obliged to turn out and shoot them to ()revent the total destruction of their cornfields. Louis Wetzel, the noted pioneer hunter, is said to have l)atronized Ilorton's store on one occasion: Tea was al)out the only luxury in which the Irish indulged.

Among the early comers were a few Scotchmen - W^illiam Calland, Robert (Calland and Matthew Woods. They were rugged, sturdy men, and l)rospered well. Kobe'rt, James and Elizabeth Calland, wife of James Brown of Summerfield, and Kitty ('. Swain, children of these Scotch ])ion(*ers, are still living.

Marion

sold there at forty cents per bushel, but better prices soon prevailed, and the farmers engaged more extensively in raising it. At one time in the town of Summerfield, it took a bushel of wheat to purchase a pound of coffee.

The Irish settlers of Marion Township were excellent citizens. They w-ere men of intelligence, thrift and enterprise. One of their number, Hugh O'Neill, was a school-teacher, and organized a subscri[)tion school soon after the settlement began. He taught successfully for many years, winning the esteem and love of his pupils. lie was one of tlie best of the early teachers. The school-liouse was on the land now owned by Fawcett Craig.

Another early school-house stood on Moses Horton's land. Dr. John Banford was the tii'st teacher in Summerfield. Stephen F. Miner, son of Rev. John Miner, then pastor of the Methodist church in Summerfield, was one of his pupils. He has since been a presiding elder, and is now located at Chardon, Ohio.

Among the early settlers was one Frenchman, a man named TeRhodes, a stout, strong man, rather eccentric in his ways. It is said that he built a tobacco house about thirty feet square and dove-tailed others on to it until it had a large capacity. After a few years he removed with his family.

Eliza Large, a widow with a family of five sons and one daughter - Robert, Thomas (step-son), Samuel, Henry, Richard and Ann (Craig), came from Canada in 1828. The family were originally from Queens County, Ireland. Mrs. Large bought 100 acres of land, which is now owned by her son Henry and John Lemmax. Henry is the only one of the family living in the county. She was a lady of ortlinary ability and a kind Christian woman. She died in 1863.

Some of the old settlers of the township who are still living, are Samuel Osborne, aged eighty -six, and his wife, 7iee Martha Horton, eight}''- three; Wyndham Sparling, eightytwo; 'gliomas Horton, seventy; Henry Large, seventy-one; John Cleary, seventy«eight; Henry Craig, seventy-eight. Jonathan Hamilton came to this county from Belmont very early and died soon after. His widow is still living, aged eightynine, active and in good health.

Of Lexington little now remains except the memory. Yet it w^us a trading-point of some importance long before Summerfield came in to being, and was probably the oldest projected village in the county. In early years, a man named Finch had a store there ; John Wolf, a blacksmith shop, and John Miller a tavern.

In 1833 the owners of " town lots " in Lexington were Martin Crow, William Caldwell, John Miller, David Rose, William G. Shankland, David Sutton, William Sutton and William Sutherland.

previously been in the mercantile business for a short time in Summerfiekl, started the first store of importance in Lexington. John Rownd was in business with him for awhile, first as clerk and then as partner. Shanldand kept store at Lexington many years and dealt extensively in tobacco. After quitting the mercantile business (about 1850), he converted all the town lots into a farm, and " Lexington " ceased to be.

An old resident states that Lexington was projected as early as 1818 by Thomas Emery and Jacob Young. They were unable to pay for the land, and some years later James W. and William G. ShankUmd bought a half section, including the site of the town, and kept store there, moving their goods from Summerfield.

Jesse Moseley, a brother of Charles Moseley, was an early settler. He was a native of Tennessee, and for a time lived in the family of the father of Andrew Johnson. He was born in 1800 and died in 1885. lie was a mechanic, and was favorably known to many of the old settlers of the region.

William Kent on the Stevens' farm, near the Monroe County line, had an early grist-mill run by water. Many of the early settlers had hand-mills. Kent was one of the earliest settlei*s in the county, and was contemporary with the Enochs and Archers, on tlie East Foi'k of Duck Creek. His house was a favorite stopping place for travelers in early years, it being the only improvement for many miles.

It was also a rendezvous for hog dealers for miles around; here they received their droves, and weigheil them, if they were not successful in "lumping them off," as it was callecL The manner of weighing hogs in those days was to put them singly into a sling and get their weight with steelyards.

Sylvanus Baldwin was an earh^ Yankee settler about a mile fiom Summerfield. The Baldwins did much weaving for the neighbors. Sylvanus was a shrewd, keen little fellow who was an adept in butchering, and prided himself upon his skill in that line. A little farther on, a small improvement was made by a man named Plumer, who sold out to the Osborns, who still occu])y the farm.

James Lemmax came from Pittsburgh in 1818, and bought IfiO acres from William and David Sutton. In 1820 he located upon his land and remained four yeaj*s, then rente<l it and I'eturned to Pittsburgh, where he remained until September, 1830. He then came back to his farm and there remained until his death. He worked hard and so managed as to secure a ])iece of land for each of his children. He was a man of more than ordinary" ability and energy, accomplishing what he undertook ; a man of rather peculiar mechanical genius, a worker in either wood or iron ; wouhl imitate in either stone, leather, wood or iron anything he saw or took a notion to do.

made a living. Robert Crawford, who came about 1818, was called " the squatter." It was his custom to begin an improvement, erect a cabin and then sell out his right to some new-comer. J^and was then $2 per acre. A settler could enter 100 acres to be paid for in three payments. If he found himself ! unable to pay for the whole, he could take eighty acres insteiul.

Digging and marketing ginseng or "sang," as it was called, was one of the chief industries among the early settlers. This article and wolfscalps were their nuiin sources of revenue. Catching wild turkeys in pens afforded an easy method of su})- plying the family with game. One side of the log pen had an o])ening sufficiently high to allow the turkeys to pass under, following u]) a trail of corn scattered both outside and inside the pen. The birds, when inside, i looked upward for means of esca|)e, and seldom crawled out as they came in. It is said that Mrs. Capell once undertook to get some turkeys out of a pen, taking two in each hand. When she had secured them, they undertook to fly, but she pluckily hung to them until they became entangleci in the bushes, and her husband came to her assistance.

On one occasion a hunter named McBride, who lived five or six miles away, was chasing a deer past the house of James Lemmax. Mrs. I^mmax saw it, and sent a bulldog in pursuit. The dog caught it as it was attempting to leap a fence, and with the assistance of Mrs. Lemmax, ke])t the deer down until her son came with a butcher knife and dispatched it. Mi»s. lemmax was considerably bruised and her dress torn by the struggling animal. When the hunters came up she tendered them the deer, but they refused to accept it, saying she deserved the prize for her pluck.

Of Hugh Waybrant, an early justice of the peace, the following anecdote is related : Soon aftei* being commissioned, he was called upon to perform a marriage ceremony. Being somewhat nervous and not fully j)()steil as to the necessary form, but still with an idea that some form of Hirearitig was necessary, he got through with the marriage something after this style : " Do you take this woman for your wife T' "I do." " Do y(m take this man for your husband?" "I do.'' "Then if

The Danfords of Noble County are very numerous, and also very worthy citizens. They are descended from three brothers - Samuel, William and Ambrose Danford, who came from New Jersey to Belmont County, and thence to what is now Marion Townshi]) very early. WiUiam was a soldier of 1812, and died in the servi(;e. Samuel was a prominent and influential man among the early settlers- He was a successful farmer and acquired a comfortable ])roperty. He was the father of fifteen children - Morris, Michael, Peter, William, Samuel, Benjamin, Rachel, Rebecca^ Sarah, Ehzabeth, Lucretia, Nancy,

Mary, Hannah and Kuth. Samuel Danford, Jr., was bom near Summerfield, in iMls, and is now one of the prominent farmers of Sharon Township, lie married, first, Jane Adair, by whom he had thre<» chihin^n - Catharine, James W. and John S. j Itev. James W. Danfonl, of the Methodist Epis(»o]uil Conference, is now stationtMl at Dexter City. He was l>orn in Belmont County, whither his father had remove<l soon after his marriage. He learned the carpenter's trade in early life, but became a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church. He marrieil Mary Mitten, and is the father of four children.

Samuel Danford, his wife and four children came to the farm now owned by Peter II. Danford, in 18()*>. In 1812 they left and returned to Belmont County, not wishing to l>e so far from civilization during the war. The family returned to the old place about 1817. The father died in 1845, and the mother in ISTI. She was a member of the MetiuKlist Epis- ; copal church, and the Danford residence was the preaching place for j the neighborhood. Lucretia Danford | was born in Belmont Omnty in 1817. She lived on the home farm until about fifteen years ago, when she ! bought the i)lace on which she now ^ lives. She has been a member of the ' Methodist p]pisco|)al church since i she was twenty years of age. Thad- | deus Shephenrs wife is a niece of , Lucretia Danford, and has lived with I her from infancy. I

Township in 1840. He remained at home until lSt)2, when he married Jane D. Cleary. By this anion he has five children, all living - Lorenzo C, Alice M., John E., Hiram R. and Dem]>sey II. The family are raeml)ers of the Metluxiist Episco|>al church. Mr Danford is a prominent and successful farmer.

Peter II. Danfonl was bom in 1S47. In 1872 he marrie<l Kosana Cleary ; children : Luella M., Ann E., Irene and E<lg*ar K. He is a farmer and a member of the Methcnhst E|)iscopal church.

Charity Martin (ht^e Danford) was lK)rn in Belmont County in 1S23, and in 1825 came to Marion Township with her jmrents. In 1842 she married John II. Martin. Six children were born to them - Silas, Illieul, Morris D., Peter, John A., and Simeon F. Four are still living, three on the homestead. John II. Martin died in 1855. The family ait^ membei's of the Christian churt^h.

Michael Danford was born in Belmont County, Octol)er 9, 18(>2. He was the son of Samuel and Nancy Danford. His father came to Belmont (younty in 1798, and there married Nancy Metheney, August 20, ISOO, and came to what is now Noble County in 18o7. In 1813 he was comiH^lled to return to Pelmont County on account of Indian troubles, returning to Noble County in the year 1817. Michael never married. He came* in his childhood to what is now Noble County and lived and died there. He commenced first in teaching school, investing his very small wages in government lands, which he would lease for improvements. These lands became valuable in after life. Owning a large amount of lands, he was more or less interested in farming, but liis principal business was loaning money, discounting paper, etc. His entire life from early childhood was strictly moral. He had no welldefined Christian faith. At one time in early life he joined the Methodist Episcopal church, but did not feel at liome and soon withdrew, and never joined any other church or society of any kind. He was a man of strong and logical mind, and had many eccentricities. He died in his sixty-seventh year, possessed of a considerable amount of wealth, of which he made no disposition. His last sickness was short and his death unexpected. He never held any very important oifices - never seemed to have any desire or anxiety for what he termed trifles.

Samuel Danford, son of Peter Dan ford, a resident of New Jersey, was born December 29, 1774, and on the 20th day of August, 1800, was united in marriage to Nancy Matheney, in Belmont County, Ohio. Their union was blessed by the birth of seven sons and nine daughtei*s, all of whom, with one exception, lived to the estate of manhood and womanhood. About the year 1813 Mr. Danford removed to what is now Marion Township, this county, the country then having only here and there a cabin. After a short sojourn here he was compelled, on account of the Indians, to move back to Belmont County, where he staid until

Morris Danford, the oldest son of Samuel and Nancy Danford, was born in Belmont County, August 18, 1801, and, being the oldest of the family, had to brave the hardships and privations incident to frontier life. When but twelve years old he traveled from Captina Creek in Belmont County, to their home on Glady Creek, this county, alone and through the unbroken forest, the distance being twenty-five or thirty miles. When fourteen or fifteen yeai's old he and a younger brother staid alone all winter in the cabin on Glady, to take care of the stock, while the family were in Belmont County. Under these sturdy influences he grew up to manhood, and married, on the 2d day of January, 1823, Amney S. Alford, of IMonroe County, who bore him three sons and two daughters, two of whom are now living - Simeon, in Jackson Township, and Charity (Martin), in Marion. Mrs. Danford. died on the 8th of January, 1835. He was afterward united in marriage to Eliza Hinton, on the 26th of January, 1837, which union was blessed by three sons and three daughters. Three of these children are living - Sarah, Samuel T. and Peter H. Seven of his children lived to the age of maturity, four sons and three daughters, six of the number being schoolteachers, notably the eldest son, Silas, who made teaching a business for eight years. Three of the sons

Morris Danford was a plain man of honesty and integrity, unassuming in manner and quiet in dis)>osition. His counsels were much sought after, and his precept and example always tended to do good and keep peace. He was much interested in jiublic education^ and for many years the burden of the school business of the township fell on him. For many years he performed the duties of justice of the peace, for twenty years was trustee of the townshi]) in which he lived (Marion), and was chosen infirmary director, and helped to institute the present County Infirmary.

In politics he was a Whig, until the formation of the Republican party, after which he was a stanch Republican and abolitionist. In religion he was of the Disciples' or Christian faith. A kind husband and father, he always tried to inculcate in the minds of liis family that a good character was more to be desired and sought after than any other earthly attainment. His name was a synonym for honest}^ and purity; his word w[is regarded equal to his bond, and he acquired a reputation for correctness and ])ainstaking in the details of business which is ecjualed by few and excelled by none. He was cautious to a fault, and has been heard to say that he never ])aid one cent of law costs or one cent of interest in his life. He di(»d on the 22(1 day of March, 1S72, at the age of seventy-one, after a very enero-etic and useful life.

Captain John Brown,whose biography ap])ears in Chapter XV, was bom in Dumferline, Scotland, in 1818. At the age of sixteen lie enlisted in a regiment of Scotch Highlandei-s, and then received the military education which he utilized to such good advantage in after time. In 1886 he came to this country and settled in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where he followed his trade, that of a linen weaver. He married in Philadelphia Pa., a Miss Farlow. She died in Steubenville, Ohio. In St. Clairsville he made the acquaintance of Miss Matilda McConnell, a native of that village, whom he married for his second wife. About 1852 he came to Noble County and purchase*! a farm near Summerfield. In 1802 he joined the Ninety-second Ohio A^olunteer Infantry, and upon its organization was commissioned first lieutenant. June following he was promoted to a captaincy. At the j battle of Chickamauga* he was severely wounded in the foot and died in Nashville, Tenn., October 5, 18<>8. Had he lived he Avould have distinguished himself. He was brave to rashness, and one of the most thoroughly drilled otticers in the service.

The Kings, from Pennsylvania, were among the fii*st settlers. John King lived and died in this township and reared a family of ten children.

William Kent and family came from Greene County, Pa., settling in 1815 on the farm now owned by Samuel Stevens The place was partially cleared earlier. They were the parents of nine children, four of whom were born here. Three are still living - Sarah (Reed), John, who lives in Monroe County, and Mary A. William Kent was a prominent man, and held the office of justice of the peace. He died in 1856; his wife, Ann, in 1846.

Moses Horton, with his wife and nine children, came from the city of Dublin to what is now Marion Township in 1817. Tliey afterward had two children. Of their sons, Thomas and William are living. The latter is a physician in Southern Indiana, near Cincinnati. The daughters were Ann (O'Neill), deceased ; Martha (Osborn), Susannah (Crow), Jane (Graham), and Rebecca (McWilliams). The two oldest sons, Joshua and John, after coming here, returned to the east on foot. On their arrival in New York City they wrote to their parents, stating that they were well and had enjoyed the trij), but that they did not expect to remain in the city long. No other word was ever received from them, and to this day the famil}^ are ignorant of their fate. Mrs. Ilorton died in February, 1863, and Moses Horton in March, 1868. They were among the most prominent of the pioneer settlers. Thomas Ilorton, tlie only son now living in Noble County, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1816, came to America with the family, and resided on the home place for a series of years in the first brick house erected in the county, now replaced by a frame. In 1843 he married Miss Marinda Todd, formerly from New York, and is the father of eight children, seven living:

Thomas A. (deceased), John (a member of Company D, Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in the late war), Doroth}^ A. (Roberts), Weathea M. (Nowell), Cenioretta (Harines), O'Neill and William J. The- family are members of the Free Methodist church.

Robert C. Horton, son of Richard Horton, was born in Marion Township in 1843. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and a farmer. In 1870 he married Mary Barnes, of Summerfield; children: Alberta, Eugene, Robert E., Hubert B. and William C. . Hugh O'Neili and family were among the early settlers, locating on the farm now owned by Samuel Crawford. John O'Neill, born in Ireland, came to this township with his parents, married Ann Horton in 1824, and die<l in 1864. He was the father of nine children, two of whom still live in the township. He was an upright, honorable man, whose word in business transactions was all that was required ; a successful farmer, and accumulated some property.

The Osborns of this township were among the early Irish settlers, coming originally from County Donegal. The family consisted of Samuel Osborn, Sr., and six children - Marj^ William, James, Samuel, Catharine (Crawford) and Elizabeth (Fearus). Of these, two are living, both in this township. The family left Ireland in 1817. The father died in 1820, six weeks after coming to this country.

1798, came to America with the family, and located with them in what is now Marion Township, when all was wilderness. In 1830 he married Eliza Lingo. Their children noAV living are Samuel M., Archelaus and Hester A. (Calland) in this county, and Ellen (Wilson), Kansas. The father died in 1883. His widow is still living, with her son Archelaus. The latter was born in 1840, and in 1862 enlisted in Company D, Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered out at the expiration of his term of service. He was in the battles of Chickamauga, Mission Rid^e, the Atlanta campaign, through the Carolinas, etc. In 1867 he married Eliza M. Hamilton. Six children - live living, viz.: Anna L., Luella, James H., Charles E. and Hattie II.

Samuel Osborn, Sr., was bom in Ireland in 1800, and came to this country with the family. In one fall he walked from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, and thence to Ohio, where he entered the land on which he afterward located; then back to Pittsburgh, and again to this township. Such feats of pedestrianism would be considered marvelous in these days, but the pioneers were a hardy race and not afi'aid to encounter hardshi])s. In 1829 he married Martha Ilorton. His children were liuth (Barnes), Dorinda (Lemmax), living, Ann J. (Taylor) and Mary E. (Anderson), deceased ; Susai^nah (Peyett), William and Rebecca. William Osborn was born in 1843. In 1862 he enlisted in Company D, Kinetv-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability after one year in the service. In 1862 he maiTied Lillie H. Earhart, of this county. Four children living - Albion E., Mattie II., Mary A. and Dora R. The Osborns are Free Methodists.

Samuel Craig, a native of Ireland, came to America about 1818. He settled in this township on the farm now owned by Fawcett L. Craig, who was born on the place in 1843. In 1871 F. L. Craig married Catherine McGirt, of Scotch descent ; children - Emma B., George W. and Nellie J. Mr*s. Craig is a member of the Methodist church. Mr. Craig is a successful farmer.

In 1818 Nathaniel Capell, his wife and family of six children came to this county from Delaware. They afterward had one child. They were members of the Methodist E])iscopal church. Mr. Capell died in 1855; his wife, in 1853. Mary Capell, widow of Richard Ilorton, was born in Delaware in 1809, and came to Ohio with her parents. She was marrietl in 1821) and is still living on the farm where she then settled. Mr. Ilorton was a fanner, and for the last twenty-five years of his life a minister in the Wesleyan Methodist church. He died in 1878. Mrs. Ilorton is the motherof ten children, six of whom are living - one in Virginia and five in Noble County. She is one of the few remaining early settlers to whom pioneer life was a reality. Her children in this county are Maria (Calland), Moses L, Nathaniel, James F. and Robert C.

fries, Scotland, in 1788. Hecamo to America in 1819 and entered land just east of SinnnierHeld, where he died in 1832. He built the house now occupied hy Nancy and Itachel Danford. lie served as townsliip trustee several years. II is wife died in 1882 in her ninety-seventh year. They had eleven children, six of whom came to this county, five now living - Elizabeth (Brown), Summerfield ; Nancy (Ogg), Indiana; Catherine (Swain), Center Township; Rol>ert, Mai ion Townshij) ; James, Stock Townshij).

Robert Calland, an old resident, was lK)rn in Scotland in 1S08, and came to thiscountry with his father's family. In 1832 he married Nancy Capell, who bore ten children, four of whom are living ^ - Natlianiel C, Mary E. (Miller), Ilorton S.and Will iam B. His first wife died in 1854, and Mr. ('alland nuirried Mary Bal dridge {nee Stewart ) They had four children, three of whom are living - Jennie (Horn), Nevada B. (Williams) and Friend Milroy. Mr. Calland has been a very prominent citizen and luis served in the following offices: County commissioner, deputy United States mai*shal, townshij) trustee, justice of the peace for twenty -seven years in succession, trustee of the church, cemetery and temj)erance hall. He has been a local preacher in the Methodist church about tiiirty years, and cliiss-leadei- and exhorter for over fifty years..

marriage, of Robert W., Joseph and Elizabeth (Bell), all still living. Mrs. Calland died in 1850. Mr. Calland afterward marrie<l Lucy Stanley of Washington County, who bore four children, one of whom is living - Diantha (King). Mr. Calland is a prominent farmer and a representative citizen. Joseph, his son, enlisted in 1863, in Comj)any D, Ninety -second Ohio A^olunteer Infantry, was transferred to the Thirty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, after the muster-out of the Ninety second, and served about six w:eeks longer.

Robert W. Calland was born in Marion Township in 1842. In 1802 he enlisted in Comj)any D, Ninetysecond Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until mustered out June 10, 1865. lie was in the battles at Hoover's (laj), Kenesaw Mountain, {^hickamauga. Mission Ridge, the Atlanta t'ami)aign, Savannah, and through theCarolmas. He folio weil farming until 1878, and has since been engaged in the hardware business at Summerfieid. The family are membei-s of the Meth<Klist Ej)iscoj)al church. Mr. Calland belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic, lie was married in 186() to Mary H Wilson. They have two children - James W. and Josej)h H.

William McClintock and family came from Ireland to Pittsburgh in 1812. There Mr. McClintock found emi)l<)yment in a brewery. He renuiined in Pittsburgh nine years, and in 1S22 removed with his family to 160 acres of land in this tow^nshij), which he had entered two years i)reviously. The country was then a vvilderiK^s, and the family, unaccustomed to such a life, found existence full of hardshi|)s. ]>ut they succeeded in gjiinin*^ a gocnl home. They had two children born in Ireland and four in this country. The family weiv Metho<lists. Mr, McClintock died in 1802; his wife in 1845. James Mc(>lintock, the only survivor of the family, was born in Pittsimrgh in 1817. In 1839 he married (>atharine Lemmax. They had ten chihiren: Jonas II., Elizal)eth (Amos), deceased ; William W., ^^arah (Rownd), Margaret (Donelly), Martha (Philpot), Mary (Washington), Samuel ])., Alice and Emmett, deceased. Samuel I)., the third son, was born in 1S54. In 1881 he nuirried Ollie MavSon, of M(mn)e (\mnty, and they have one child - Clyde E. lie was in the mercantile business at Freedom for about two veaiN, but is now farmin<r.

John and Mary Franklin came from the vicinity of Dublin, Ireland, and settled in Pittsburgh. In 1S22 they came to this townsliip, whence they returned to Pittsi)urgh. In \HIV^ they located on the farm now owned by Mrs. Benjamin Franklin. Penjamin was born in Pittsburgh in 1S21, and came to this county w th his ])arents. He died in 1870. lie married Jane E. Hopper, of Belmont County, in iS47,and was the father of Mary A. ((^leary), deceased; William II., John P., Robert I), and Ellen E., living.

John P. Fi'anklin was born in Pittsburgh in 1825, and came to this township with his ])arents in iS;^o. In 1810 he married Hannah J. Wharton ; children, nine, all living: Swazey I)., Mary E. (Guiler), Samuel K., Martha

Thomas Franklin was one of the enterprising and energetic settlers of " Young Ireland.^' lie came to this country from "Erin's Isle" about 1818, and after renuiining in Pittsburgh al>out six years, settled on what is now section 11 of Marion Township. He settled in the woo<ls, cleareil liis farm, and proved a successful farmer. None of his family are now living. He was the father of six children. Alexander, his third son, nuirried Mar}^ Amos in Pittsburgh, and was the father of Mary (Mason) deceased; Violet (Summei-s), Caldwell; Margaret (Lemmax), Freedom; Elizabeth, Rosa P. (Gulick), and John A. The latter was born in 1837 on the farm he now owns. In 1802 he married Matilda Uanfonl. Their children are Mary R., Maggie L., Homer W., John M., Wilbur, Lizzie, Violet, Cliff and Edna J.

Gassaway Trott and wife came from Maryland toParnesvillein 1824, and in 1820 removed to the fann in this townshij) on which Mrs. Trott still lives. He died in May, 1880. The family were Methodists, and well-todoas farmers,and made lifea success. They stood high in the estimation of the community in which they resided for their acts of benevolence, and never were called ujx^n in vain for favor or assistance, but always met demand with a hearty resi)onse.

John M. Rownd, for many years one of the prominent business men and best known citizens of Summerfield, was born in Barn esvn lie in 1814. In 1828 he came to Summerfield and entered the store of his brother in-law, Mr. Sliankland, as clerk. In 1830, during the cholera epidemic in Wheeling*, he went to that place and engaged in making coffins, turning out thirty to forty per day. In 1834 he returned to Summerfield, where he opened a cabinet-maker's shop, continuing in that business for about six months. He then went to Lexington and Avent into partnership with ilr. Shankland as a general merciiant. lie continued in Lexington until 1844, then again returned to Summerfield and opened a store on the corner where ttie Summerfield hotel now stands. About two years later he built tiie store now occupied by Rownd & PaulL He continued to do business at this location from 1847 to 1873, buying his goods in Rahimore during the greater part of tiie time. He was in active business from 1828 to 1873, nearly forty six years, and bore an enviable reputation for honor, honesty and fair dealing. In the ihiys of tiie antislavery agitation his i)lace was an Underground railroad de|)ot, and himself a very active and efficient official of tiiat road. On one occasion his son, James S., then a boy, went to themgbintoget some walnuts which he had hidden there and was surprised and badly frightened when he discovered a burly, black negro in the bin. The boy was rushing out of the store in alarm when his father caught him, pulled him back and told him nnder no circumstances to tell anyone what he had seen. He then sent the boy to school, promising to explain things on his return. Meantime, the negro was i-emoved to other (puirters.

Mr. Rownd was one of the best friends of the Union cause in Noble County. He was a member of the State Military Committee, and was active in raising and equipping troops for the field, spending liberally his time and money for that purpose. It is an undisputed fact that he spent more for tiie cause of his country during the Rebellion than any other man in Noble County. He also lost fully >^8,(K)0 from the deaths of customers in the army, who went away indebted to Jiim. Two of his sons were in the service and were gallant soldiers. ^Ir. Rownd was a publicspirited citizen, a thorough and successful man of business, and through life jmssessed that priceless gift, an unsullied reputation. He was married in 1840 to Martha A. Gibson, a native of Maryland, and was the father of seven children, who reached mature years. The oldest son, John G., now deceased, was a member of Company C, Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until his comi)any was mustered out. Entering the service as first sergeant, he rose to the rank of first lieutenant ; James S., also a soldier in the late war, is now senior member of tiie mercantile firm of Rownd A: PauU, in Summerfield. The other children are Ann E. (Mechem), Kansas ; Mar-

History Of 50Ble Ool'5Tt, Ohio

Jairufs S. lti>wnd. one of the enterprising and rei»n»sentative business men of Nohle County, was lx>m in 1*^42, an<l ]i;ts followfi^l mercantile pursuits. In 1MV4 he enlist(?<J in the hundred] days' service. In 187o he marrieil Sarah E. Hall, of Quaker irarenta^'^e. They have three children: Minnie F., John fl. and James T.

Jami'H MeVickar an<l family came to this township in 1>>2H from IIami>- shire County, Va. He Wiis a mem- Iwr of the Presbyterian church, an<l his wife was a Lutheran. He die<l in ls43an<l his wi<low in ls:,(]. They had s(^ven children, one of whom died in infamn'. Henry F. McVickar was born in Hampshire (bounty, Va., in IS'22, and came to Ohio with his parents. He is a leading farmer. The family are members of theCumberlnn<l I'resbyterian church. Air. McVickar wns njarried in 1844 to Catharine Ward,of (yuernsey County; children: Elizjiln^th (Okey), Drucilla (Kich), Kate ((iuiler), Elmer, H. (irant, Lindley E. and Josie.

William lMiil])ot * came to America about 1S02. He fii-st settled on a section of land, with two others, where ih(^ town of lielmont now is. His health becomin*^ impaired, he entered the (»mpIoy of James l>arnes, propri- (»tor of Harnesville, and sold for him the first goods ever sold in that town. He had previously been a

Janif^ M. Uownd came to SummerMeld after his sons locatetl there. He WHS the father of Samuel, James Q., John M. and Henry. Samuel Ilownd starteil a tannery, and carrieil on harness making in Summerfiehl. He remove*! to Iowa. James Q. setthnl on a farm and had a |H>ttery. Ilenrj' carrietl on the mercantile business in Sarahsville, and John M. was in the same business in Lexington and Summerfield.

Peter Barnes and family came fi-om lielmont County in 1.S33, and settled on lOo acres of land which they bought of William Phil|)ot. He died in 18*»1 and his wife in 1858. They had eight children, of whom three are livmg - Abel, Leno.x and Vachel; the two last nameil live in S|)ringHeld, Ohio, as does also their sister, Mrs. A. Davis. The family were Methcnlists. AIk*1 IJarnes, the oldest son, was bom in Harrison County, Ohio, in 1814, and came to this county with his parents. In 1840 he married Catharine Brown of this county ; children : Margaret A. (Davis), Uhoda E. ((iant), Nathaniel B., Adam C, Peter F., George B., Abel W., Allen AV., and James S. Several of the children live in the West. James S. is a county surveyor in Kansa's. Mr. Barnes and wife are Methodists.

one wiis born afterward. Mr. Craig died in 1855 and his wife in the same year, only two days later. lie was a leader in the Methodist church. Two of the children are living in Missouri and two in this county - Mrs. Jacob Guiler and Mi's. David Campbell. Elizabeth, the oldest child, married Rev^ Joseph II. Stewart, of Marietta. She died in 1861, leaving one. child, Rosa J. (Campbell). Joshua, the next child, was born in 1821, and died in Kansas in 1874. Mary J., born in 182»», is the wife of Jacob Guiler. Martha C. was born in Canada in 1828. In 1874 she marrieil Henry Cleiiry, who died in 1884. In 1886 she married David Campbell, a retired capitalist. Margaret, born in 1833, married AVilliam II. Harper, and lives in Missouri. "Emma, born in 1837, also resides in Missouri, and is the wife of Eh'jah Cleary.

William H. Craig, son of John D. Craig, was born in 1845, in Marion Township, and is engaged in farming, lie was married in 1870 to Ann E. Kent, of this county, and by this union has had three children, none now living.

Francis A. Wharton was born in Pennsylvania February 26, 1814, and when a boy emigrated with his parents to the neighborhood of Barnesville, where he married Miss Amelia Barnes, and where he resided until 1S38, when he removed to the headwaters of Duck Creek, three miles west of Summerlield, in Avhat is now Marion Township. Mr. Wharton was not only one of the early settlers of the countv, but one of its substantial and respected citizens. He was a thrifty business man and a zealous Christian. At the age of twenty years he joined the Methodist Episcopal church, and soon after was licensed to exhort. He became alocal prejicher about 1831^ and for forty years he faithfully performed the duties assigned him. His charity was proverbial, and while lie was a fearless defender of the right he never gave offense to those who differe<l from him in opinion. He died October 11, 1.^79, " Avithout having a known enemy in the world," and it is but just to say that no one held a larger share of public esteem. His sole aim in life seemed to be to benefit otheis, and it may be truly said he was a blessing to the })oor. His wife (familiarly known as Aunt Amelia) survives him and resides on the old iiomestead. Of a family of eight children, five are living.

Arthur Wharton was born in this township in 1842. At the age of nineteen he enlisted in Company I, Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served four years, being in the battles at Clieat Mountain, Greenbrier, Cross Keys, Honey Hill, and a number of skirmishes. He was wounded in the right shoulder in a skirmish at Cattle ('reek, S. C, and at Honey Hill was wounded through the hand. He was on detached service for hospital duty about a year, and January 4, 1865, was discharged on a surgeon's certificate of disabil-

Henry Floyd, born in Pennsylvania in 1813, came to this township when twenty-six yeai-s of ago, and still resides here. lie married Rebecca Dan ford and has six children living. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church fifty-four years and his wife has belonofed to the same church sixtvone years.

John (bleary and his wife and one child cami* from (Cincinnati to Marion township, in 1S42. They afterward had ten more clnldren. The family belonged to the Methodist Episcopal chuixih. Mi's, {/leary died in 1S71>. John W. ('leary was born in isM. In 1871» he married Mary A. llutherford. Their chihlren are Angie E., p:dwjird D.and Luella P. Mr. deary is a member of the Methodist E])iscopal church.

Timothy Cleveland was a native of Maine, and a pioneer settler of Noble (bounty. He married Sarah W. Pierce, in 1S17, and with his wife and one child located at an early date a mile south of Summerfield. He was a prominent and worthy citizen, and a true type of the enterprising pioneer. He wa.s the father of seven children by his first wife, two of whom are living - Mary ((lail), of Columbus, and Thaddeus S., of Mtmroe County. His wife died in 1835. In 1839 he married Margaret Dement, of Monroe County. They had two children, of whom one survives - Frank G., the popular lamUord of

Frank G. Cleveland was born in 1840, and lived with his parents until ls<)l, when he enlisted in Company I, Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and Upcoming a veteran, served until the close of the war. He was in the battles of Shiloh, Vicksburg, (-hampiou Hills, the Atlanta campaign and Savannah. After the war he engaged in tobacco-paeking in Monroe (younty. In 187S he came to Summerfield and engaged in the i hotel business. In 1882 he bought I the Elk House and changed the name to the (Meveland Hotel. He married Sarah (ireimeltch in 18<>5; children: Charles (dead), Ella, Mary, Edna J., Forrest T., Ilattie, Fred and Kose.

Richard I). Cleary was born in 1843. He married Mary A. Franklin in 1S(;7; children: Joseph F., William D. and P^dward B. His wife, a mend)er of the Methodist Episcoi)al church, died in 1872. In 1S77 Mr. ('leary married Caroline Cox, of this county, and their children are Annie. Alice and Richard D. Mr. Cleary is an honorable, prosperous and successful farmer, as was also his father above mentioned.

Matthew West, born in Kings County, Irelanci, in 1827, came to America to seek his fortune at the age of fourt(»en, and in J 842 located in Marion Township. After working twenty years a,s a farm laborer he bought land of William Danfor<l,and began work for himself. His first purchase was 13f> acres, but he added to it from time to time until he owned 72H acres, all the result of I his own industry and economy. lie i havS given 18() acres to his son and eighty -one acres to his <laughter, and still owns about 525 acres. In 1S54 he married Martha Shook ; chihlren : Eliza A. (I)anford), William II., Jane M. (Thomns), and John A. The family are niembersof the Protestant Episcopal church. Mr. West is one of the jeading farmers of the township. At one time^ when refused credit for a chip hat in Freedom, he said he would some day l)e able to buy all the merchants there, and his success has verified the prediction.

Lewis J. Moore was born in Marion Township in 1842. At the age of seven yearns he was bound out until he was twenty to Andrew J. Moore. In August, 18H2, he enlisted in Company D, Ninety-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until the close of the war, participating in several noted battles.

Ijston 11. Prettyman was l)orn in Sussex County, Del., in 1S17, and came to this township in 1S44. He married MaryShanUland in 1S45, and to them was born one child - James S. Mr. Prettyman was a farmer, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He died in 1S83. His widow resides on the farm with her son.

James S. Prettyman was born in 184(5. At the age of twenty yeai*s he went to West Virginia, where he was in the mercantile business. In ls72 he returned to Ohio, and for eleven yeai*s was engaged in the same business in Carlisle, and has since been farming. He was married in

1S72 to Emma A. Penn, who died in 1881. They had two children, of whom one is living - Frank. In 18S5 he married Miss Eliza Philpot. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

Wyndham S])arling, with his wife and one child, lelt Ireland for America June 1, 1849. Reaching this country he came to Ohio, and jjurchased of Lemuel Moore eighty acres of partially improved land, situated neiir Freechmi, for }?11 per acre. Soon after he engjiged in teaching school, which, like farming, was new work to him. In the fall he went to work to put in a crop of wheat. Puying a hoi'se and borrowing a shovel plow from a ]>reacher who lived nea)', he set to work on a sixacre field. The horse did not understand the language of his driver, and Mr. Sparling had a serious time among the stumps. The fii*st of his wheat was up before thc^ last was sown. Yet he secured a bountiful cro)) In the work of cradling wheat and chopping down trees he Found great difficulty, but finally learned the ju'ocess. Once when making fence-rails he selected gum-trees, and worked upon them for a day before he discovered that that was not the kind of timber to use for rails.

Wyndham Sparling was born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1805. In 1849 he landed in Philadelphia and immediately came to this township. He purchased eighty acres of land, to which he has since added eightyeight acres. He was married in his native land in IS^^), and had by this union two sons, one of whom is liv- ing in Wiishington County, Ohio. His first wife (lied in 1851, ami in the following year he married Mrs. Alexander, of Belmont ( -ounty, who died in 1S(J8. In 1S71 Mr. Sparling married Mrs. Ford {i^ee Camj)bell). Mr. Sparling is a Royal Arch Mason, lie is proud of bemg an American citizen, and though cherishing an affection for his native land, has no desire to return to it. His scm, Dr. John Belton Sparling pnicticed for a time in this county. Wyndham Sparling has been a school director for twenty-four years. lie also served many years as a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church, and as superintendent of the Sabbath school, filling those i)ositions with credit to himself and profit to church and school.

William Finley came from Pennsylvania when a young man, and settled in Seneca Township about 1825. He was a worthy, industrious pioneer, and used to claim that he had cleared m<>re land than any man he ever knew, exce[)t Aaron Morris. In 1882 he married liachel Glover, whose parents came to the county about the same time that Mr. Finley <li(l. Among his ))ioneer experiences was hauling grain to the Muskingum River, forty miles, over poorly constructed roads, selling it at from twenty-five to forty cents per bushel, and taking the larger part of the proceeds in trade. After living in Seneca Township thirty-five years, in ISOO he removed to Center Township, and thence in 1870 to Wayne County, Iowa, taking with him his younger children. His wife died in

1878 and he in 188(). The grandfather of William Finley and his brother, aged nineteen and tw^entyone ye^irs respectively, came to America from Ireland just before the Revolution. I^nnding in New York without means, they there sejv anited, and the identity of the two families was never certainly fixed, except that the family of Patrick Finley had a similar legend.

James M. Philpot was born in this township in 1841>, and has followed farming most of his life, though he was in a store several years. In 1875 he married Martha C. McClintock; children: Shepard B, diflFonl M. and Emily. Mrs. Philpot is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Philpot is engaged in farming and stock-raising.

Stephen Wilson was born in (yuernsey County, Ohio, in 1>^21. In 1S25 his parents removed to Belmont County, and in 1885 Stephen began learning the harness-maker's trade in St. ('lairsville, serving six years and seven months. In 1841, at the age of twenty-one, he engaged in business for himself in Barnesville, where he remained until 1858. In 1845 he married Sarah Ann, daughter of Colonel Benjamin Mackall, a very prominent man, and by this uniim had eleven children, six of whom are living - Mary, (-harles E., Emma (Miller), Ernest, Harriet A. and Annie. In 1H58 Mr. Wilson carae to Summerfield, where he has since followed harness and saddle making and tanning. He is one of the test informed citizens of Noble County, being a diligent reader, a close ob- server, and a man of excellent memory. He served as justice of the peace several years in Barnesville, and has been notary public for twenty-two years in Noble County. His daughter Mary was one of the six ladies that were commissioned notaries public in 1880, and held the oflBce one term. The law under which she was appointed was afterward declared unconstitutional, but she continues to do the work for her father. The family are Methodists.

Patrick Bates was born in Seneca Township, Guernsey County, in 1841. He remained at home until 1861, when he enlisted in Company D, Forty second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served three years, being mustered out with the company. lie was in engagements at Middle Creek, Chickasaw Mountain, the Vicksburg campaign, and back to Vicksburg witJi Banks in his Red River expedition. In 1867 he married Mary E. Hughes, of this county, and by her had two children, both deceased. His wife died in 1870, and in 1881 he married Mary Morris. They have had three children, two of whom are living - Amanda and Maggie.

Ezekiel Farley was born in Greene County, Pa., in the year 1810, came to this State with his father, in the year 1815, who settled about three miles south of Summerfield. On the 17th of September, 1861, he volunteered in Captain James H. Riggs' company, under the leadership of its gallant colonel, J. A. Garfield. He was with the regiment in its battles and marches one year, when his health failed him and he was honorably discharged from the service on the 17th day of September, 1862. He returned home, but his health was so broken that he died in a few years. He had two noble boys that lost their lives in the service - Henry and Sylvanus.

George Gregg was born m Virginia, in 1800, came to Ohio at an early date and settled in Beaver Township, then Guernsey County, and afterward married Sarah Triplett, of Belmont County. Of their seven children five are living, three in this county : Ellen J. (Cline), Isaac and William. Mrs. George Gregg died in 1880; Mr. Gregg in 1885. William Gregg, born in Beaver Towi.ship in 1832, came to Marion Township in 1867, and is one of the prominent farmers. He was marrieil in 1855 to Isabel AValker.

An amusing incident of the early days was a trial held before 'Squire Rownd, soon after he became a justice. A family settled near Summerfield whose nationality was unknown, and whose ways of getting a living did not favorably impress their honest neighbors. The family were called by the settlers "Dutch Indians," on account of their swarthy complexions. They were low, ignorant and thievish. Their presence became obnoxious, and the boys of Summerfield determined to drive them away. One night several of them went, and after shouting, singing and making considerable noise around the shanty of the "Dutch Indian," tore down part of his stable, leaving his old hoi'se inside with a l)eam stretching across from one side to the other, upon his back, so that he could neither go forward nor backward. While ])erforming the mischief the boys imitate<l the voices of Eli Curtis and his sons Asahel and Liberty (one of whom had an impediment in his speech). The Curtises, though entirely innocent, were arrested. The boys who had been engaged in the scrai>e went to the trial to see fair play, having detennined to confess their guilt if the case went against the Curtises. The trial lasted a long while, and the broken and unintelligible English of the *' Dutch Indians" excite<l much merriment. The Curtises were cleared without tiie aid of the real culprits, but the story afterward leaked out. One of those who was foremost among the mischiefmakers has since been a presiding elder of the Methodist Episcopal church in Northern Ohio. The "Dutch Indians" left the neighborhood soon after the trial took place.

Freedom (Whigville P. O.) is a small vilhige about four miles from Summerfield, in a northwesterly direction. About the year 1841 Andrew Somers, an itinerant shoemaker from Massachusetts, came into the neighborhood and worked from house to house, carrying his kit of tools with him. In 1848 he purchased a lot from Samuel Large, upon which he erected a small one-story frame house, in one corner of which he had his shop. lie was an honest Christian num and reared a respectable family * - nine children.

the lands of William Leeper and Samuel and Ilenrv I^rofe. John I^mmax bought a corner lot of half an acre and built a frame store and dwelling, intending to engage in the mercantile business with Charles Hare as his j)artner. But, investing in tobacco, he lost all his capital (sr)0()), and abandoned the business for two years and went to work at his trade as carpenter. Then the firm of Lemmax & Franklin began business in a small way, hauling a few groceries and notions from Zanesville to their store in a twohorse wagon. In the next year tiiey began purchasing their stock in Pittsburgh. About 185(» they began dealing in Haltimore, to which place tiiey also siiip]>ed large quantities of tobacco. About 1X5:^ a company was formcHl among the wealthier Irish farmers of the neighborhood, and a store started. After the stock had been subscribed, the projector declined to act as nuinager and Henry Taylor was put in charge. The business was not successful and lasted only a few years. Lemmax & Franklin continued business until 1S()8, when they sold out to John E. Gulick, the present owner. Lemmax still continued in the buying and shipi)ing of stock for several yeai^s with success and )>rofit.

William Rice, a blacksmith, setup a shop near the site of Freedom about \H'\2, He was an excellent workman in both iron and steel, and made hoes, axes and other tools which were considered the very best. Such a reputation did he gain that he and his two scms were kept constantly busy in tlieir shop. Reuben Wood, liis son-in law, came at the same time. He was a carpenter, but not finding much work in that line - log cabins being the style of dwelling most in use - he turned his attention to farming with poor success. (Rice died here and the family sold out and removed.)

About 1839 Rev. William Leej)er, of Irish parentage, a Methodist preacher, bought the Rice farm. He was regarded as eccentric in both actions and doctrine, and after a time it was seen that he was insane. He died in the asylum.

Many of the early settlers came to the townsliip, attracted by the cheap lands, after living several years in Belmont County. The business of raising tobacco was introduced by Marylanders and Virginians in Belmont County, and was brouglit hither from Belmont. In early years tobacco was a most profitable crop, and was one of the industries that enabled the farmers to obtain money to pay for improvements, and also their store bills.

Barnesville was the principal trading-point for the early settlers. Zanesville, Wheeling and Marietta also were occasionally visited. Zanesville was the principal grain market until the completion of the Central Ohio Railroad in 1853, after which wheat was shipped from Spencer's Station.

William Earhart came to Summerfield from Barnesville in 1833 to take charge of the horse-mill and cardingmill of William Philpot. In 1840 he and his brother began building a steam grist-mill at the place since known as Steamtown. Afterward Samuel Rownd bought the interest of one of the Earharts. The mill was enlarged and machinery added for carding and sjnnning wool. After this Joseph Davidson and John Franklin began blacksmithing and making axes, acquiring a reputation as excellent workmen. The place began to take on the api>earance of a village. Later Dr. R. P. Summers practiced medicine a few years. He next started a store. Steamtown flourished for a period, producing jeans and other woolen goods, but it went into a decline, and now neither mill, store nor shop remains to mark the place.

In 1870-71 an expensive but valuable improvement was made in the township - the construction of a macadamized road from Summerfield to the county Ime, near the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. It was built under a law levying a tax on real estate for two miles on each side of the road. It was bitterly o])posed, but finally carried through. The turnpike cost over $100,000. About thirteen miles of the road is in Noble County. This ])art is a toll-road. The remainder, leading to Quaker City, was built by Guernsey County.

Thaddeus She|)herd, one of the later settlers of the township, located here in 1876. He was born in Belmont County in 1853, and in 1876 married Nancy Elizabeth Danford ; three children: Emmet E., Emma L. and Ray D. Mr. and Mi-s. Shep: herd are members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

The town site of Summerfield is the highest land occupied by a town in the State; and it is said that the eminence northwest of the town is as high as any hind in Ohio. The location commands a view of some of the most beautiful scenery in this section, and is in all respects as pleasant and healthful a spot as can be found in Noble County.

The town was laid out in 1827, on the land of Moses Ilorton, and was named in honor of Rev. John Summerfield, a noted pioneer Methodist preacher.

Moses Ilorton, the founder of the town, emigrated to America from Dublin, Ireland, in 1S17. After a journey of six months they arrived at the present site of Summerfield, then Seneca Township, Monroe County. Mr. Horton entered four hundred acres of land, stretching across the divide between WilFs Creek and Duck Creek, built a cabin on the Duck Creek slope, and entered ui)on the work of a pioneer settler. There were then in the neighborhood, or arrived within a year. Dr. Joshua Craig, Nathaniel Capell, Thomas Cochran, Hugh O'Neill, William Calland, and Samuel and James Osborn. Joseph, father of Robert Calland, arrived from Scotland in 1819. These families comprised most of the settlers living near the headwatei*s of the two creeks.

James W. Shankland was the first settler and the first merchant in the village. He came here on the 27th of March, 1S27. He erected the first dwelling in the place, in connection with his brother-in-law, Charles W. Moseley, both of whom married Rownds, and the house was occupieil by the two families. I^ter, Moseley, who was a bricklayer by trade, erected another house. Captain W. L. Moseley, now of Enoch Township, was the first male child born in Summerfield. Shankland and Moseley built a grist-mill and a carding-mill just back of where J. II. Philpofs house now stands, which were run by horse power, and furnished me<il and rolls to the neighborhood. A part of the machinery for the carding-mill was taken from a disused mill formerly run by Moses Ilorton.

During the same year Wrlliani Lingo erected the second house in the place. He was for a time J. W. Shankland's partner in the store. In 1828 Samuel Rownd settled in the place, and started a tanyard and saddler's shop. He folio we<l this business untd 1858. He then sold out to Stephen Wilson, of ]5arnesville, and removed to Iowa. Rownd was elected justice of the ])eace, soon after his arrival in Summerfield, in the following n >vel manner: All the older men in the village havingr refused to be candidates, the young men drew lots to see who should be elected. The lot fell on William Calland, but as he refused to serve, Rownd was prevailed upon to jwrmit his name to be used, and was accordingly elected.

David AVest opened and kept the first hotel in 1828, in a log house on the southwest corner of Cross street. In the same year Obadiah Lloyd built a log house and a shop and began business as a blacksmith. Jesse Moseley came to the town and erected a house in the same year. Soon afterward Pemberton Bevan opened a hotel on the southeast corner of the square.

S. B. Philpot came to Summerfield in May, 1830. According to his recollection, the inhabitants of the place then were as follows : Charles W. Moseley, proprietor of a ciirding-mill; Leonidas llescott, his assistant ; Samuel H. Rownd, tanner; John P. Bevan kept a house of entertainment; David West, now of Fairview, Guernsey County, shoemaker; William Ileiddleston, now living in Jefferson Township, teamster; Rev. John Miner, pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church ; Peter Barnes, cabinet-maker; William Philpot, merchant, succeeding James W. Shankland. The houses were log buildings, among them several cabins of round logs. What is now the rear portion of Mr. Philpot's store was erected by his father in the fall of 1830, and was the first brick building in the place.

AVilliam Philpot followed the mercantile business from 1830 to 1847. S. B. Philpot took an interest in the business in 1843, and has since followed it. lie is the oldest merchant in the town and probably the oldest in the count v.

prominent. He represented Noble County in the legislature two terms. In 1844 John M. Rownd engaged in the mercantile business, in which he continued until nearly the time of his death in 1884. The three establishments of Philpot, Hare and Rownd were for many years the most important m the town.

Moses Ilorton, the founder of Summerfield, died in 1803. Of his sons, William was a successful physician for many years ; he removed to the West in 1871. Thomas was a conductor on the Underground railroad in ante-helium days. Richard, who died in 1878, was a prominent minister of the Wesleyan Methodist church.

In 1830 the population of Summerfield was fifty -two. In 1847 the *'Ohio Gazetteer" estimated the ])opulation at eighty. At that time the place consisted of three stores and about twenty dwelling houses, clustered about the two cross streets. The village grew slowly until 1883, when the completion of the NarrowgaUge railroad - which enterprise was largely aided by Summerfield men - gave an impetus to its increase in population and business. In 1870 the town had 470 inhabitants ; in 1880, 435.

Summerfield was formerly an important point for the tobacco industry, and large quantities of leaf tobacco were bought, packed and shipped every season.

Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, the first eoui])any that was mustered into the service from Noble County, in 1801, was organized in the town. The town and township were never required to submit to a draft, but on the contrary their citizens were always found active and ready to raise their quotas and prepare the troops for the field, also to provide for the comfort and support of the wives and children of the gallant volunteei's.

The village has always manifested commendable interest in educational matters. The first school-house, a log structure of the typical pioneer fashion, was erected in 1828. This remained in use until 1848, when a brick building was erected on the hill, which was used until 1875. The town, having been constituted a separate school district in 1872, erected in 1875 a fine, large school-house, which was then the best in the county, and is now excelled only by the (yaldwell school building. Normal schools, in charge of experienced teachers, have usually been maintained during a portion of each year since 1860. The first was taught in the fall of that year by William Wheeler and J. C. Clark, both of whom afterward enlisted in the War of the Kebellion.

Since Summerfield came into Noble County the town plat has been enlarged by the following additions: William Ilorton's first addition, 1855; Moses IForton's third addition, surveyed ^H4:d^ recorded 1856; AVilliam Ilorton's second addition (lots 60 to 65), surveyed in 1857; ditto, third addition (lots 65 to 73), 1858; Richard Ilorton's addition (lots 73 to 78), 1858 ; Thomas Gibson's addition (five lots and one outlot), 1860; ditto, second addition (three lots), 1862; William Ilorton's third addition (lots 78 to 87), 1863; John M. Rownd's adcUtion (eighteen lots), 1870; north side addition, by Stephen Wilson, 1874.

Summerfield Chapter, No. 122, R. A. M., was chartered September 14, 1870. Following are the names of the charter members and fii^st officei*s: J. B. Williams, II. P.; Stephen Wilson, K.; R. P. Summers, S.; William Gibson, James Parker, Isaac Abmyer, G. G. Waters, J. R. Barnes, William Danford, Wyndham Sparling, J. A. Franklin, Benjamin Dotson, Charles Ilare, Richard Gibson. The chapter has now over fifty members, and is prosi)erous. The present officers are : John Williamson, II. P.; A. A. Stiuits, K.; B. Dotson, S.

Nanioil in honor c»f Captain .Tolin Hrown, of the Ninety -8tfond Ohio Volunt^-er Infantry, who went from Suramprtteld, was wounded, and died from his injuries.

January 21, 1885. The charter members were William R. Paull, W. J. Emmons, J. II. Shankland, A. R. Phillips, Thomas K. Amos, J. R. Barnes, J. II. Wilson, Arthur Wharton, R. W. Calland, R. G. Bell, J. S. Rownd, Charles W. Farley, J. S. Prettyman, I. C. Phillips, Otho Barnes, A. J. Lucas, F. G. Cleveland, Carey Hupp, and William Craig. Arthur Wharton was the first commander, and still holds the office. The other officers in November, 1886, were as follows: J. II. Shankland, S. V. C; W. II. Wharton, J. V. C; J. R. Barnes, adjutant ; J. S. Prettyman, Q. M.; Dr. A. A. Staats, surgeon ; C. W. Farle}^ chaplain ; William J. Emmons, O. D.; Otho Barnes, O. G.; A. J. Lucas, S. M.; T. K. Amos, Q. M. S. The present membei^ship is fifty-three.

Siiminerfield 3Iethodhit Ejyhcopal Church. - A Methodist class was organized as early as 1819 in a school-house which stood on land now owned by Fa wcett Craig. Philip Green was the first preacher and Nathaniel Capell the first classleader. Among the early members were the Callands, Cochrans, Ca])ells, Craigs, Osborns, Rownds, Shanklands, Hortons, Philpots, and others, in fact nearly all of the early settlers. When a school-house had been erected in Summerfield that became the meeting place, and so continued until about 1830, when a small brick church was erected. In 1832 came a great revival, and the Methodist church gained a hold which it has never lost in Summerfield and vicinity. In 1855 the presi»nt chureli building replaced the old brick meeting-house. The church now has over 125 niemljers.

The Wesley an Methodists organized and built a church on the hdl about 1846. The building was torn down about 18r)2, the congregation having disbanded. The Free Methodist s(x;iety was organized by Rev. Travis, an Englishman, about 18(>7, and erected a church on South Main street. J. M. liownd was among the most active in this movement.

Following are the names of some of the pioneers of that j)art of the township taken from Monroe County, who have no representatives in the township at this time:

A Forest Komanck

''This narrative ))ossesses a strong local interest, inasmuch as some of its scenes are laid in the country about the headwaters of WilTs Creek, and therefore in Marion Township, Noble County. The hero and heroine of the story are AU)ert May wood and Rose Forester, or the ' Forest Rose,' the names of course being fictitious. Lewis Wetzel is one of the most prominent personages in the drama.

"According to this narrative, the May wood family, in which Rose Forester was an adopted daughter, settled near the southeastern corner of Relmont County, on Captina Creek, as early as 1789. In the spring of 1792 the Indians burned the Maywood cabin, killed all the May wood family except Albert, who was absent at the time, engaged Ih his favorite pursuit, hunting, and took the Forest Rose prisoner. The young man chanced to fall in with I^wis Wetzel in the wo(k1s, and the two, returning together, made the horrible discovery. Albert's father, mother, brothers and sister were killed and sc}di>ed, and Kose, his betrothed, was stolen away ! AVetzel and May wood at once entered u)>on the pursuit of the Indians, detennined to avenge the murder and rescue Rose.

"They found and followed the trail, but in the vicinity of where Suiumerfield now is, as the description would seem to indicate, all trace wjus lost. AVetzel searched the creek, but discovered no tracks, owing to its liinestone bottom. But, on searching farther down, he found tracks, where the bottom of the stream was nmddy, hut leading vp the creek instead of down. This puzzled him greatly, until at length he discovered the imprint of a knee on the muddy bottom. This mark showed to his pnicticed eye that the Indians were hacking doicn the stream^ and that one had stumbled over some obstacle. A little more search revealed the camp of the Indians.

** The cai)tors of Rose were three Ilurons and a white renegade. The locality of the camp is traditionally said to be a hillock or mound on the

Widow Martin's farm. It was now almost evening, and during tlieniglit Albert resolved to make known his presence to Rose, who was tied to a stake, and looked weary and fatigued. AVetzel tried to dissuade him, but the lover was determined. Creeping near, he cautiously made the noise of a whip-j)oor-will. At the fii'st soun<l an Indian raised his head, but was deceived, and went to slee)) again. At the second call Rose raised her heiwl, and at the third nodded, for she well knew the sound which they had often used as a signal when phiying together as children.

''Daylight next morning was agreed uj)on as the time for an attack by Wetzel and ilay wood. They fired together; one Indian and the white renegade fell ; the remaining Indians took to covei*, where they both soon fell victims to Wetzel's rifle. Rose was rescued and ha[)j)y in the arms of her lover; but not for long. A party of twenty or moi'c savages capture<1 both the lovers as they wei'e eating a meal of venison shot and cooked by Albert. The latter was soon rescued by AVetzeFs ingenuity, cutting the thongs which bound him to a stake by means of a knife fastened on a long pole. Rut Rose was lost, and a long and vain search failed to reveal any trace of her. Rut, after undergoing countless perils and dangers, Albert and Wetzel recovered her after a desperate l)attle at Standing Stone, in the Hocking Valley. She had been adopted into the tribe, and was in their garb when found, but her heart was still true to Albert, and they soon were hap[)ily wedded."

Contributed By John Lehmax

In 1838 the discussion of the evils of slavery began to attract general attention. The settlers in the vicinity of Summerfield held meetings in school-houses, and debating societies discussed the topic. The term abolitionist was at that time regarded as most o[)probrious by a large portion of the i)eople. At a meeting in Carlisle the resolution, '* Slavery is an evil and should be abolished," was discussed, and the debate attracted so much attention that one of the inhabitants of that locality challenged the Irish of Summerfield and vicinity to meet and discuss the question with the citizens of Carlisle and others from Woodslield, whose opinions were pro-slavery. The Irish, who were largely abolitionists, accepted, and named Summerfield as the ])lace of meeting. Carlisle objected on account of distance, and finally New Lexington schoolhouse was settled upon as being the most c(mvenient intermediate point. The disputants were Richard Ilorton, William Ilorton, William Capell and John Lemmax, in the attirma- ^tive; and I^iwyer Archibald, Guthrie, AValton, and Congressman Morris in the negative. Three judges were ai)pointed to decide upon the merits of the argument, two of wliom were known to be of pro-slavery sentiments. Of course I he debate attracted great attention. It began early in tlieeveningand lasted until between 1 and 2 o'clock in the morning. The debate was earnest and animated, and at its con- elusion the judges gave their decision unanimously in favor of the affirmative. This result served as a quietus to further discussion, and wlien it became known tliat there were abolitionists in what is now the eastern part of Noble County, a branch of the Underground railroad was soon organized for the safe-conduct and assistance of fugitive slaves on their way to Canada from neighboring Southern States.

In the vicinity of Stafford were two men - lienjamin Hughes, a Yankee and a farmer, and William Steel, a merchant of Irish nativity - who were known to be true friends of the colored race. It is said that Steel was boycotted - to use a mo<lern term - and his business injured, l)e cause of his sentiments. These and Thomas I>arge, an Irishman who resided near Sarahsville; William Wilson, Alexander Franklin, Moses Ilorton and Nathaniel Capell were the most active agents* of the Underground railroad. The method of operation was to receive and care for the fugitives, secreting and feeding them until they could be sent forward to another station. Those who were suspected of harboring runaway slaves had to he very cautious in all their movements, as there were usually plenty of informei*s, who, actuated either by malice or the hope of a reward, would not hesitate to give information against them. Whenever any agent received a con-

the foregoing names many others might be added. Church Tuttlo, of Middlobiirg, a Yankee of enterprise and intelligence, was in particular a very efficient Underground railroad official. Also J as. Tuttlc. - Ed.

signment of the human chattels, his friends who were members of the organization (and the Underground railroad company was well organized) endeavored to keep him informed of the movements of his enemies and of slave-hunters. From this vicinity the runaways were assisted on toward Senecaville, Guernsey County, where they were received by George liichey and other officers of the railroad. Richey was a minister of the Gos|)el and a firm friend of the |)ei'secuted race.

Robert Calland, a Scotchman, was a very ardent and fearless abolitionist, and took an active part in the agitation of the slavery question. At one time the abolitionists were threatened with the most humiliating punishments ; but this only served to intensify the excitement. Postmasters refused to deliver antislavery papei*s to their subscribers, Summerfield furnishing an instance of this kind ; and in many ways were the abolitionists annoyed and pei^secuted.

About 1S4>N Thomas Large brought to Alexander Franklin acoloi-ed man with wife and child. The negro had once before attempted an escape, but had been captured and returned by a man named Ronar, who appears to have been employed as a slave hunter. The negroes were hidden for a few days until it was thought that the way was clear, when Thomas Ilorton started to take them on to the next station. On their way tliey heard a crackling of brush, and the colored people became mucii alarmed, fearino^ that Ronar was in search of them.

Tlie man handed his child over to llorton, saying he would sell his own life as dearly as possible, for he knew that if recaptured he would be sold and taken to tlie far South. Fortunately the fugitives were not molested, I^onar having a wholesome fear of the Irish abolitionists, who would have subjected him to very rough treatment in case of an encounter. There were several citizens of the county who closely watched the movements of the Undero^round trains - some from Marvland and Virginia, and one man from South Carolina, who would have readily assisted slave-owners in the recovery of their proi)erty. A ilarylander used to make his boasts that he had often knocked down negro wenches, and seemed to tliink it was something to be {)roud of. Another from South Carolina, who had been a slave-driver, used to exasperate the abolitionists by describing the punishments which he had inflicted upon the slaves. Such men were of course on the alert to discover something against the abolitionists ; hut in spite of their watchfulness many slaves were assisted on their way to Canada and freedom by the Tuderground railroad, and there were few instances in which negroes were captured or taken back.

In 1845, Peter Af. Garner, (^reighton I orraine and Mordecai Thomas, while aiding some slaves to escape at Belpre on the Ohio, were surprised by a party of slaveholders just as they were getting out of the skiff. The slaves were returned to bondage and Mr. Garner and his companions arrested and placed in jail at Parkereburg, Va. The claim was made that they were beyond low water mark, and therefore on Virginia territory. They were kept in jail for several months, and then the case was brought to trial. A verdict, however, was not reached, and they wereagain contined. Governor Bartlett, of Ohio, interested himself in the matter and asserted that tlieir arrest was in violation of the constitution of the United States, and a scheme to kidnap citizens of Ohio, whom they thought to be abolitionists. They were agjiin brought to trial, Ohio being represented by Hon. Samuel F. Vinton. The court held that they were on Ohio territory wdien captured, and therefore not amenable to the laws of Virginia; they were consequently released.

William Philpot, the progenitor of the Phil])ot family in this country, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in the year 1777; his parents were of Ya\- glish parentage, and were sturdy and intelligent people of the middle class. They gave their son the advantages ol a good education. Evidencing an a])titude for mercantile pursuits, he was apprenticed to a merchant with whom he remained seven years. Two yeai-s after the completion of his Indentures, 1S()2, he came to Americii, in company with two of his friends; they settled in Pelmont County and located a section of land where is now the village of Belmont; here he remained ten years, clearing land and fai'ming. lie led a dreary, isolated life, acquiring experience in pioneer life which he utilized to goml advantage in after time. About 1818 he went to Harnesville; where he entered the employ of James Barnes, the founder of the village, and for him established the first store in the village. He was the first postmaster and was identified with nearly all the initijil events in its history. He was engaged in mercantile pursuits as clerk and proprietor until 18.:i(), when, with his family of wife {7iee Iluth Hulse) and eleven children, he came to Summerfield, then a little hamlet of perhaps a dozen families. He bought the business of James W. Shankland, the pioneer merchant of the place, and for seventeen years he did a successful business in land, tobacco and merchandise, and was noi only one of the prominent and successful business men of the county, but also an esteemed citizen. While in Barnesville he united with the Methodist Episcopal church and remained loyal until death. He died in 1804. His children, all of whom were residents of the phice and identified with its history, were Ellenor (Wilson), Eliza, Rownd, Maria, Matilda, (Stoller), William H., George, Shepherd B., Sarah A. (Hare), Isaac, John II. and Samuel, six of whom are now (1887) living.

Siiepherd B. was his father's successor in business. He was born in Barnesville in 1810. He grew up in his father's store, obtaining some education from the subscription schools of that time. At the age of twenty -four he became a partner, and in 1847 sole proprietor; for many years has been one of the largest merchants in the county. For fortyfour years he has done business in Summerfield, and for thirty three years has dealt extensively and quite successfully in tobacco. He has enjoyed in a very great degree the confidence and esteem of his fellowtownsmen, and in evidence it may l)e state<l that for twenty-two years he has officiated as townshij) treasurer. During the war he did good service in the cause of his country in the formation of military companies, and his time and money were always at command in the furtherance of any war measure. In his religious and political aiti nations he is a Methodist and a Bepublican In 1844 he married Miss Emily, daughter of John Allen, a Virginian, who settled here in 1840. Mrs. Philpot wtis born in Virginia, and is the mother of nine children - Charles ' W., Ruth E., James M., Laura, William H., Ada M. (Kader), John C, Koscoe and Luella (Ritchev).

John Lemmax. - It is always a pleasure to sketch the career of a prominent and successful man of business, who has attained his position in life solely through his own well-directed industry, his persevermir efforts and his unswervino; honesty. Such a man is John Lemmax. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., December 30, 1820. His father was of Welsh and his mother of Irish descent. In the spring of 1821 the family came to Ohio, settling in the vicinity of Summerfield, where they remained until 1825. Becoming dissatisfied with pioneer life, they then rot.irnod to Pittsburgh, and continued to reside there until September, 1S30, when they returned to the farm in what is now Noble {/(»unty, which was thenceforth their i>ermanent home. In Pittsburgh the sul)- ject of this notice attended school, and being an apt schohir, received the rudiments of a sound education in the common branches. After his removal to the farm, John was put to work, and all of his attenchince at school after he was eleven years of age, amounted to but fourteen days. Money was scarce, and it was difficult to make both ends meet ; therefore the services of our subject were necessary to contribute to the family's support, there being five children younger than himself. He had no money except what he earned himself, bv workintr out amcmg his neighbors, and what he couhl save in this way he devoted to the purchase of books. He also borrowed and read all the books he could obtain in the neitjhborhood. Earlv in life he became possessed of BrainanPs "Life Among the Indians," KoUm's *' Ancieiit History '' (eight volumes), and the works of Josephus. He took part in the pioneer debating societies and thus strengthened his knowledge and acquired experience in j)ublic speaking.

In his sixteenth year he began learning the carpenter's trade, returning to the farm to assist in busy seasons. During the first year at this work he received $7 i)er month ; the second year he began at ^12 per month, and his wages were increased to $18 for the second month. In this way he continued to work at his trade, receiving from ^20 to $28 per month. Afterward he began taking contracts, hiring a man and working himself. In his nineteenth year Mr. Lemmax went to Woodsfield and made arrangements to enter the lawofiice of Edward Archibald as a student. His father hearing of this, and having a strong prejudice against lawyers, j)ei*suaded John to abandon his intention. This Mr. Lemmax always regretted, and believes that he made a serious mistake.

Early in life he became a |)ronounced temperance man, and has ever since remained a firm advocate of the doctrine of total abstinence. He joined a temperance society at Summerfield, ?]ind soon became prominent among its workers. At the solicitation of Mr. S. H. Kownd, president of the society, he visited different places in Morgan, Washington and (Tuernsey Counties to nuike temperance addresses. On one occasion, in the winter of 1841, he was sent to a place about eight miles distant to deliver an address. Arriving there he found the church in which he was to speak so full of j)eople that it was with difficulty that he forced his way to the pulpit. He became confused and forgot his subject. A Bible lay upon the pulpit, and opening it, Mr. Lemmax read the Hrst words that met his eye : " What is man that thou art mindful of him if" Taking this as a text, and beginnmg his remarks with the history of ancient (ireece, he talked with ease and freedom for an hour and threequarters. On looking at his watch he again became embarrassed and made an apology for speaking so long, but was urged to continue. lie circulated the constitution and l)ylaws of his society, and was gratiHe<l in obtaining eighty -six signatures. After several earnest invitations, he again visited the same place and lectured, this time securing sixty-eight more names.

Mr. f^mmax continued to work at his trade until 1845, and in the meantime had saved between $;000 and ^100. lie then made arrangements with Charles Hare, of Summerlield, to start a store in P'reedom. Mr. Hare advised him to invest in tobacco, and he did so. Tiie result was the loss, in the fall of 184^), of ^8iH). lieturning from Baltimore to Freedom, he again engjiged in building. He also bought hogs and made some money on them. In 184S, in partnership with A. Franklin, he bought a small stock of goods in Zanesville and again embarked in the mercantile business Two years later he increased his stock largely, buying in Baltimore, and was soon doing a successful business. He again l)egan buying tobacco and continued that business for thirty years with varying success, sometimes gaining and sometimes losing heavily by his operations. In 1S<;4 r> his losses were about ^28,000. It recjuired thirteen yeai^s to recover this amount. He dealt extensively in hogs and cattle for several years. In 1848 he began buying and feeding hogs, marketing them at home. Four years later he began shipping hogs, and this business he continued successfully for twenty-four years. He iK^gan dealing in cattle in ls.")l, both buying and shipping, and continued twenty -five years, then cjuit i shippmg. During this time he , handled an average of 8,500 hogs j and two hundrcnl head of cattle |)er i year, with a satisfactory profit, and in the meantime gathered up 543 acres of land, four hundred of which were ! cleared. II is many business interests j kept him too busy to devote much 1 attention to fainiing, and he used much of his land for pasturage. In busine\ss mattei's he wasted no words but was always fair and honomble, I and never would he take advantage j of another's ignorance in order to j secure a profit for himself. For a period of twenty years he handled about §50,000 worth of live stock, tobacco and merchandise per year, without failing to meet Qxevy obligaj tion prcmiptly. This gave him a prestige as a buyer that but few have, and a credit that answered instead of larger capital. ! Frank in avowing his sentiments; bold, fearless and consistent in maintaining them, Mr. Lemmax laid the j foundation of a character of sincerity and honor, which amidst the vicissitudes, the profits and losses of busi- I ness transactions, the shocks of political changes and the scurrility of I partisan warfare, has never l>een shaken or Uiinted with insincerity. In the possession of these attributes, beyond the reach of cavil or question, is to be found the secret of that inalienable attachment which today exists among the vast body of his friends and fellow-citizens, and which hits followed him throughout his business career. Here lie wishes to offer a grateful tribute of respect to the names of three of his friends who stood by him in the darkest hour of his mercantile career: To Morris Danford, who furnished him $3,500; to John O'Xeill, who furnished $2,500; and to '' Uncle" Samuel Craig, who furnished $2,300 at six per cent, payable at his pleasure, on his individual note without security. These sums were used in the liquidation of his indebtedness entailed l)y the losses on tobacco in 1804 and ISOo.

Mr. Lemmax was married in \S4:i\ to Margaret, daughter of Alexander Franklin, one of the early settlei's of Marion Township. They have reared four children - Mary Hose, now the wife of Charles (Jraig, oF Marion Township; Violet J., Lillie W. and John A., single and residing at home. The famdy are all members of the Methodist Episcopal church.