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Decorative drawing: a county panorama. Not a photograph of this place.

Noble County, Ohio

60 topographic sheets and 9 fire insurance atlases across 1 place.

Research this county

This curated hub for Noble County, Ohio brings together the page's documented record links, visible map or image evidence where published, and routes to related local records.

What is documented here?

Use the page's provenance and linked records to distinguish the source material from the site's navigation and summaries.

How should I cite it?

Open the original record, preserve its repository and identifier, then use the citation tool for this page as a path back to the source.

Where should I go next?

Follow the county or state hub for related places and records, then use the guide for a source-aware research sequence.

From the record

8 National Register listings · 27 businesses named in the fire insurance atlases from 1895 to 1948 · the 1887 county history tells 0 stories and names 0 people.

Sources: the county history on the Internet Archive · the National Register database, National Park Service

Ohio within the United States
Noble County within Ohio
Explore by year 1875 1960

What the record shows

  • 1 place in this county was surveyed for fire insurance: Caldwell, between 1885 and 1948.
  • 9 fire insurance atlas(es) survive for the county. Topographic coverage is national; fire insurance survey reached only incorporated places with something worth insuring.
  • 753 topographic sheet readings cover the county's settlements.
  • 8 properties here are on the National Register of Historic Places, including 1 covered bridge, 4 houses and farms.
  • 2 of the 8 listings were added during the 1970s.
  • The Geographic Names Information System records 58 populated places in this county; 0 are covered by at least one topographic sheet.
  • 4 public-domain county histories, 1887 to 1918, supply 339,963 words of narrative reproduced here in full.

Places on the National Register

8

Every property in this county listed on the National Register of Historic Places, with the year it was listed and the federal nomination document.

Photograph PropertyType ListedReference
Caldwell, Samuel, Housebuilding198080003201
Danford, Samuel, Farm, Church and Cemeterybuilding198080003204
Huffman Covered Bridgestructure197575001513
Noble County Jail and Sheriff's Officebuilding200404000060
St. Henry Roman Catholic Church and Rectorybuilding198282001485
St. Mary's Church of the Immaculate Conceptionbuilding198080003202
Williams, Abner, Log Housebuilding197979001923
Young-Shaw Housebuilding198080003203

Covered bridges

1

Noble County holds 1 covered bridges on the National Register, more than any other property type here. Each is a listed structure with a federal nomination on file.

Huffman Covered BridgeListed 1975, 0 map sheets show this crossing

Digitised newspapers

6 issues

Sampled issues, machine-read from the Library of Congress scan and published page by page, so every headline and column is searchable text.

The Journal

Caldwell, Ohio, 1934 to 1961. Machine-read from the Library of Congress scan.

Bird's-eye views and land ownership maps

3

Drawn when these were printed as single large sheets: the town seen from the air, and the county divided into its farms with every owner named. Each opens the original at the Library of Congress.

Land ownership map, 1875 - Caldwell's atlas of Holmes Co., Ohio
Land ownership map (1875) - Caldwell's atlas of Holmes Co., Ohio. Library of Congress.
Land ownership map, 1875 - Caldwell's atlas of Madison Co., Ohio
Land ownership map (1875) - Caldwell's atlas of Madison Co., Ohio. Library of Congress.
Land ownership map, 1876 - Illustrated atlas of Noble County, Ohio : published from actual surveys
Land ownership map (1876) - Illustrated atlas of Noble County, Ohio : published from actual surveys. Library of Congress.

Photographs from libraries nationwide

1 of 3 shown

Selected from the Digital Public Library of America's 3 image records catalogued for this county. Every one shown here carries a public-domain status or a licence that permits reuse on a site that carries advertising; non-commercial, share-alike and restricted images are excluded. The selection is spread across the county's towns (at most eight per town), so no single institution's bulk upload crowds out the rest. Each opens the holding library's record, and the complete set at the Digital Public Library of America is one click away.

Ogles -- Home cooked food, U. S. Highway Route 21, Dexter City, Ohio, Boston Public Library - undated
Ogles -- Home cooked food, U. S. Highway Route 21, Dexter City, Ohio. Boston Public Library, via the Digital Public Library of America.

The county from the air

28 of 542 shown

Flown by the U.S. Geological Survey between 1937 and 1989, the Aerial Photo Single Frames collection is the definitive mid-century view of the land: fields, roads and rivers as the camera saw them. 542 frames touch this county; the selection below spreads across the decades of flights (at most four per year), so one flight cannot crowd out the rest. The full set is free to browse and download at EarthExplorer under the dataset Aerial Photo Single Frames.

U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1957-09-01, scale 1:31000
1957-09-01, scale 1:31000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1957-10-03, scale 1:31000
1957-10-03, scale 1:31000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1957-10-03, scale 1:31000
1957-10-03, scale 1:31000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1957-10-03, scale 1:31000
1957-10-03, scale 1:31000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1958-04-18, scale 1:27000
1958-04-18, scale 1:27000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1958-04-18, scale 1:27000
1958-04-18, scale 1:27000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1958-04-18, scale 1:27000
1958-04-18, scale 1:27000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1958-04-18, scale 1:27000
1958-04-18, scale 1:27000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1960-04-22, scale 1:28000
1960-04-22, scale 1:28000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1960-04-22, scale 1:28000
1960-04-22, scale 1:28000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1960-04-22, scale 1:28000
1960-04-22, scale 1:28000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1960-04-22, scale 1:28000
1960-04-22, scale 1:28000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1971-04-16, scale 1:98657
1971-04-16, scale 1:98657. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1971-04-16, scale 1:98657
1971-04-16, scale 1:98657. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1971-04-16, scale 1:98657
1971-04-16, scale 1:98657. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1971-04-16, scale 1:98201
1971-04-16, scale 1:98201. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1972-05-10, scale 1:24000
1972-05-10, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1972-05-10, scale 1:24000
1972-05-10, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1972-05-10, scale 1:24000
1972-05-10, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1972-05-10, scale 1:24000
1972-05-10, scale 1:24000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1975-05-02, scale 1:78000
1975-05-02, scale 1:78000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1975-05-02, scale 1:78000
1975-05-02, scale 1:78000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1975-05-02, scale 1:78000
1975-05-02, scale 1:78000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1975-05-02, scale 1:78000
1975-05-02, scale 1:78000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1976-03-22, scale 1:78000
1976-03-22, scale 1:78000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1976-03-22, scale 1:78000
1976-03-22, scale 1:78000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1976-03-22, scale 1:78000
1976-03-22, scale 1:78000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.
U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph, 1976-03-22, scale 1:78000
1976-03-22, scale 1:78000. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photograph.

Weather records

9 stations, 15 gages

The thermometers that kept this county's weather, and the gages that watched its rivers, as the federal records hold them. The extremes below are measured values from those records, not estimates.

The 1950 census, district by district

30 districts

Who lived here in 1950, one enumeration district at a time, as the Census Bureau described each district. Each row opens its official National Archives result, with Population Schedules and ED Maps available there.

  • 61-1Beaver township: Batesville village
  • 61-2Beaver township - That part east of State Hwy. 513, outside Batesville village
  • 61-3Beaver township - That part west of State Hwy. 513, outside Batesville village
  • 61-4Brookfield township
  • 61-5Buffalo township
  • 61-6Center township: Sarahsville village
  • 61-7Center township - That part outside Sarahsville village
  • 61-8Elk township: Elk township - That part northwest of State Hwys. 145 and 260
  • 61-9Elk township - That part southeast of State Hwys. 145 and 260
  • 61-10Enoch township
  • 61-11Dexter City village, comprising parts of Jackson and Jefferson townships: Dexter City village - That part in Jackson township
  • 61-12Dexter City village - That part in Jefferson township
  • 61-13Jackson township - That part outside Dexter City village (Remainder of Jackson township is in Dexter City village)
  • 61-14Jefferson township - That part outside Dexter City village (Remainder of Jefferson township is in Dexter City village)
  • 61-15Marion township: Summerfield village
  • 61-16Marion township - That part outside Summerfield village
  • 61-17Noble township: Belle Valley village
  • 61-18Noble township - That part east of U.S. Hwy. 21, outside Belle Valley and Caldwell villages
  • 61-19Noble township - That part west of U.S. Hwy. 21 and north of State Hwy. 215, outside Belle Valley village
  • 61-20Noble township - That part south of State Hwy. 215 and west of U.S. Hwy. 21, outside Belle Valley and Caldwell villages
  • 61-21Olive township: Caldwell village: Caldwell village - That part Bounded by Village limits; Village limits; Village limits; U.S. Hwy. 21, West
  • 61-22Kent city - That part of Ward 3, excluding Kent Hotel Bounded by E. Main; S. Lincoln; High, Vine, Williams; S. Water
  • 61-23Caldwell village - That part excluding St. Ursula's Convent Bounded by Village limits; State Hwy. 285, Pennsylvania Railroad; Village limits; Village limits
  • 61-24St. Ursula's Convent (In Caldwell village)
  • 61-25Olive township - That part east of U.S. Hwy. 21, outside Caldwell village
  • 61-26Olive township - That part west of U.S. Hwy. 21, outside Caldwell village
  • 61-27Seneca township
  • 61-28Sharon township
  • 61-29Stock township
  • 61-30Wayne township

Businesses named in the atlases

27 businesses

Every Sanborn volume opens with a printed index naming the town's mills, tanneries, hotels and works by proprietor. Those indexes were read off the scanned sheets by machine and then matched to each other, so a business surveyed four times appears here once, with the years it survived. 5 of these 27 were named in more than one atlas. Each carries a crop of the line it was read from: the spelling is the recogniser's and the 1880s lithographer's, and the scan behind it is the proof.

Wildfire, 2008 to 2020

126 fires

Every wildfire the federal occurrence database records inside this county: 126 of them, burning about 436 acres. 2 started naturally and 4 were recorded as arson. Each settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it.

Reported cause Fires
Debris and open burning59
Missing data/not specified/undetermined33
Equipment and vehicle use10
Power generation/transmission/distribution7
Smoking6
Arson/incendiarism4
Recreation and ceremony3
Natural2
Fireworks1
Other causes1

The five largest, by the area the report gives. None of them was recorded as arson.

DateCause SizeReported by Name on the report
7 November 2020Missing data/not specified/undetermined60 acresOhio Department of Natural Resources16016
20 April 2020Missing data/not specified/undetermined50 acresOhio Department of Natural Resources15706
23 October 2008Missing data/not specified/undetermined40 acresOhio Department of Natural ResourcesNOBLE CO. ASSIST
18 April 2016Recreation and ceremony25 acresOhio Department of Natural Resources4728
1 April 2014Missing data/not specified/undetermined25 acresOhio Department of Natural Resourcesnot named
9 October 2020Debris and open burning20 acresOhio Department of Natural Resources15861
27 April 2020Debris and open burning18 acresWayne National ForestNOBLE COUNTY LINE
5 April 2013Missing data/not specified/undetermined15 acresOhio Department of Natural Resourcesnot named

Every settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it - see the settlement index below.

Storms, 1968 to 2026

60 of 247 shown

The NOAA Storm Events Database holds 247 reports for this county, causing 6 deaths, 1 injury and about $11,465,200 in recorded property damage. Each settlement page carries the reports that name it.

Kind of event Reports
Thunderstorm Wind112
Flash Flood55
Flood45
Hail30
Tornado3
Heavy Rain2

The most serious of them, by death, then injury, then recorded damage. The accounts are quoted exactly as the forecast office filed them.

WhenEvent Place namedHarm What the report says
June 1998Flash FloodCountywide5 killed, $10,000,000no account filed
June 1998Tornado (F2)Summerfield1 killed, 1 hurt, $75,000no account filed
December 1990Tornado (F1)not stated$250,000no account filed
June 2022Flash FloodMt Zion$80,000Media reported that flooding caused evacuations along State Route 821 between Belle Valley and Cambridge. Also the local emergency manager reported numerous roads closed due to flash flooding.
July 2013Flash FloodCaldwell$50,000Law enforcement reported numerous roads closed with some completely impassable due to flash flooding.
October 2010Thunderstorm WindCaldwell$50,000Law enforcement reported numerous trees down throughout the county.
June 2008Flash FloodCaldwell$50,000Emergency management reported State Route 821 between Caldwell and Glenwood was closed in sections due to flooding.
June 2008Flash FloodSarahsville$50,000Emergency management reported sections of State Routes 146 and 147 near Sarahsville closed due to flash flooding.
June 1994Thunderstorm WindCaldwell$50,000Roof blown off state highway garage.
July 2005Thunderstorm WindCountywide$40,000Trees and power lines down in Caldwell, Florence, Sarahsville.
July 2012Thunderstorm WindCaldwell$35,000Law enforcement reported several trees down in and around Caldwell.
November 2011FloodBerne$35,000Emergency management reported Route 260 near Route 78 closed due to flooding.
July 2008Thunderstorm WindAshton$35,000Law enforcement reported trees and power lines down east of Caldwell.
June 2010Thunderstorm WindSummerfield$30,000Emergency management reported numerous trees down in the Summerfield area.
June 2008Flash FloodSummerfield$30,000Emergency management reported State Route 146 closed in sections by flash flooding in the Summerfield area.
July 2013Thunderstorm WindSarahsville$25,000Law enforcement reported trees down.
November 2013Thunderstorm WindCaldwell$25,000Law enforcement reported trees down.
June 2010Thunderstorm WindMt Ephraim$25,000Law enforcement reported trees down north of Sarahsville.
June 2010Thunderstorm WindCaldwell Airpark Arp$25,000Emergency management reported damage to a hangor roof at the Noble County Airport from thunderstorm winds.
July 2013Thunderstorm WindHarrietsville$20,000Law enforcement reported trees down.
July 2013Flash FloodBerne$20,000The 911 Call Center reported Route 260 closed due to flash flooding.
August 2000Thunderstorm WindCoal Ridge$20,000Thunderstorm winds toppled a large antenna tower.
June 1998Thunderstorm WindCaldwell$20,000Four trees blown down by thunderstorm winds. One tree fell onto a house and caused damage to the siding.
July 2011Thunderstorm WindMoundville$15,000Law enforcement reports of numerous trees and power lines down across county, primarily north of Moundsville.
June 1998Thunderstorm WindCountywide$15,000Thunderstorm winds blew numerous trees down across county.
March 2026Thunderstorm WindBatesville$11,500Power outages were reported across Noble County.
May 2025Thunderstorm WindCaldwell$10,000Trees were reported to be down in Caldwell.
May 2025Thunderstorm WindMiddleburg$10,000Pictures were provided of damage to a home caused by a large tree limb, with some roof damage.
May 2024Thunderstorm WindEast Union$10,000A report of several uprooted trees was relayed.
March 2017FloodFlorence$10,000Department of highways reported that state route 821 was closed in both directions between mile mark 0 and mile marker 7 and again at mile marker 12 due to high water.
July 2013Flash FloodDexter City$10,000Law enforcement reported flash flooding with State Route 821 closed.
July 2013Flash FloodBatesville$10,000Law enforcement reported SR 147 closed due to flash flooding.
July 2013Thunderstorm WindDudley$10,000Law enforcement reported trees down.
July 2013Flash FloodMt Zion$10,000The 911 Call Center reported Route 146 closed due to flash flooding between pleasant City and Sarahsville.
June 1998Thunderstorm WindCountywide$10,000Thunderstorm winds downed numerous trees across the county.
June 1998Thunderstorm WindBatesville$10,000Numerous trees were downed by thunderstorm winds.
March 2002Thunderstorm WindCountywide$10,000no account filed
May 1998Flash FloodCountywide$10,000no account filed
June 2006Thunderstorm WindCaldwell$8,000Trees and power lines down.
November 2005Thunderstorm WindCaldwell$8,000Trees and power lines down. [CORRECTED TIME]
August 2006Thunderstorm WindRenrock$7,000Large trees blown down onto SR 83.
June 2025Flash FloodCoal Ridge$5,000State official reported that state Route 821 closed due to flash flooding in several locations.
June 2025Flash FloodSarahsville$5,000Emergency manager reported that Route 285 was flooded in one lane and temporarily closed.
May 2025Thunderstorm WindFlag$5,000Four trees were reported to be down across Ayers Ridge Road.
May 2025Thunderstorm WindHarrietsville$5,000Trees were reported down on Smithberger Drive and Old Church Road.
February 2022FloodCaldwell$5,000Heavy rain caused several roads throughout the county to close due to flooding.
November 2020Thunderstorm WindHiramsburg$5,000Trees were reported to be blown down on Gorby Run Road.
November 2020Thunderstorm WindCaldwell Airpark Arp$5,000Power lines were blown down in Wolf Run State Park.
November 2020Thunderstorm WindMt Ephraim$5,000Trees were reported to be blown down on State Route 147.
June 2020Thunderstorm WindSeneraville Res$5,000A few trees were blown down on Harrington Lane.
June 2020Thunderstorm WindSeneraville Res$5,000A few trees were downed by wind across Briar Hill Road.
June 2020Thunderstorm WindSarahsville$5,000Tree were reported to be blown down along Route 285 south of Sarahsville.
May 2017Thunderstorm WindSarahsville$5,000State official reported trees down along State Route 215, 285, and 147.
May 2017Thunderstorm WindBatesville$5,000Emergency Manager reported several trees down.
May 2017Thunderstorm WindSarahsville$5,000Emergency management reported numerous trees down.
May 2017Thunderstorm WindCoal Ridge$5,000Emergency Management reported trees down.
May 2017Thunderstorm WindSummerfield$5,000Emergency Management reported numerous trees down.
July 2016Thunderstorm WindCaldwell$5,000Local law enforcement reported trees down on Route 564.
June 2015Thunderstorm WindBerne$5,000Law enforcement reported trees down.
June 2012Thunderstorm WindHiramsburg$5,000Trained spotter reported numerous 80-foot pine trees snapped off at around 35-40 feet.

Mines and quarries

6 recorded

The Survey's mineral resources record lists 6 workings inside this county. 3 still produce and 3 are closed or unrecorded. Each settlement page carries the workings within five miles of it.

Commodity Workings
Stone, Crushed/Broken3
Clay2
Limestone, General1

The least common of them first, because a county's hundredth gravel pit says nothing its first ten did not.

Where SiteCommodity StatusRecorded
Lawrence King Limestone QuarryLimestone, GeneralPast ProducerSedimentary
Ava PitClayPast ProducerSedimentary
Ava PitClayPast Producer
King Quarries ExtensionStone, Crushed/BrokenProducer
King QuarryStone, Crushed/BrokenProducer
Merrill Brothers LimestoneStone, Crushed/BrokenProducer

Collected here, 1853 to 1975

8 of 254 shown

Museum specimens collected inside this county and catalogued with a date and a place: 254 of them, by kingdom 206 animalia, 41 plantae, 6 fungi, 1 unrecorded. Each is a physical object in a named collection, not a sighting. Held by Ohio State University - Fish Division, Columbus, OH (OSUM), CM, Ohio State University - Amphibian Division, Columbus, OH (OSUM), USNM, UMMZ, Ohio State University - Bird Division, Columbus, OH (OSUM) among others, and each settlement page carries the specimens collected near it.

The oldest of them. A specimen proves something was collected on that day; its absence proves nothing.

Photograph YearSpecies KingdomWhere CollectorCatalogue
A photograph of the species Anaxyrus americanus, not of this specimen1853Anaxyrus americanus (Holbrook, 1836)AnimaliaMariettanot recordedUSNM USNM 2476
A photograph of the species Anaxyrus fowleri, not of this specimen1853Anaxyrus fowleri (Hinckley, 1882)AnimaliaMariettanot recordedUSNM USNM 83508
A photograph of the species Diadophis punctatus, not of this specimen1853Diadophis punctatus (Linnaeus, 1766)AnimaliaMariettanot recordedUSNM USNM 2179
A photograph of the species Graptemys geographica, not of this specimen1853Graptemys geographica (Lesueur, 1817)AnimaliaMariettanot recordedUSNM USNM 7576
1853Liochlorophis vernalis (Harlan, 1827)AnimaliaMariettanot recordedUSNM USNM 1477
A photograph of the species Thamnophis Fitzinger, not of this specimen1853Thamnophis Fitzinger, 1843AnimaliaMariettanot recordedUSNM USNM 1000
A photograph of the species Plethodon glutinosus, not of this specimen1860Plethodon glutinosus (Green, 1818)Animaliastate route 77, 2 m ENE of Summerfield along Sunfish CreekunknownCUMV A-0011880
A photograph of the species Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, not of this specimen1883Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (Sonnini de Manoncourt & Latreille, 1801)AnimaliaMariettaAlbert Hazen WrightCUMV A-0000009

The townships, in 1887

339,963 words

History of Noble County, Ohio : with Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men : Illustrated devotes a chapter to each township: its boundaries and streams, who settled it and when, the mills, the schools and the churches. All 3 are reproduced here in full. Each row shows the township's own shape and where it lies in the county, drawn from the Census Bureau's boundary. Which settlements belong to which township is computed from that same boundary, not taken from the book.

Shape and position in the county TownshipSettlements in it LengthSections
Buffalo TownshipGlenwood, Mount Zion86,603 words54
Noble TownshipAva, Belle Valley, Coal Ridge, Florence, Hiramsburg, Hoskinsville, Rochester, Slaters117,563 words17
Stock TownshipCarlisle, Cliffyville, East Union135,797 words141

Every populated place in the county

58

Named settlements recorded in the Geographic Names Information System, each with the topographic sheets covering it. Villages, hamlets and abandoned places alike. Each is shown with the watercourse or landform it stands on and the survey quadrangle it falls on. The 1 places that were also surveyed for fire insurance come first, with the number of atlases and photographs held for them.

Recorded here

Caldwell, Ohio

13 topographic sheets and 9 fire insurance atlases, 1885 to 1948

Everything this county holds

The complete index, with nothing left out. Each of these is a separate record with its own page: a federal survey report, or the case file that argued a property on to the National Register. Both are public domain and reproduced word for word.

Nomination case files

8 case files

The vanished settlements of Noble County, the places these records name that are no longer on the map.

Provenance

  • Topographic sheets. USGS Historical Topographic Map Collection, county index, measured from the bulk metadata.
  • Fire insurance maps. Library of Congress Sanborn collection, faceted to this county.
  • Photographs. Each place queried individually against the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs search.
  • Wildfire. Short, Karen C. 2022. Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2020 [FPA_FOD_20221014]. 6th Edition. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2013-0009.6 Collected with United States Government funding and usable without additional permissions or fees.
  • Specimens. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), https://www.gbif.org/. Only records licensed CC0 or CC BY are used. Records licensed CC BY-NC are excluded because this site carries advertising. Images are checked individually and any whose licence is non-commercial, no-derivatives or unreadable is refused.
  • Mines and quarries. USGS Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mrds/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105.
  • Storms. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/stormevents/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105. Narratives are quoted verbatim from the National Weather Service report and are not edited or summarised.