Toledo City (part 11 of 21)

Edward Hopkins acquired his education in the public schools of his native city, which he attended until he reached the seventh grade, when he started out in life on his own account, securing a position of minor importance in the office of an engraying company. He was faithful, industrious and eager to learn and as his ability and experience increased he was advanced, finally being placed in charge of the making of illustrations. After severing his relations with that firm he secured employment with the Detroit Shipbuilding Company, of which Frank E. Kirby was then at the head, starting as office boy, and four years later he was made chief draughtsman. From 1904 until 1905 he served in a similar capacity with the American Shipbuilding Company of Cleveland, Ohio, but in the latter year came to Toledo and in association with William G. Henderson and other well known business men organized the Toledo Shipbuilding Company, of which he is now vice president "and naval architect. His technical knowledge and executive ability have been effectively utilized in the development of the enterprise, which has enjoyed a remarkably rapid growth, now employing thousands of men and ranking with the largest shipbuilding concerns on the Great Lakes.

In Detroit, on the 20th of October, 1898, Mr. Hopkins was united in marriage to Miss Grace Symington, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Duncan Symington, prominent residents of that city. Mr. Hopkins is a member of the Collingwood Presbyterian church and his political allegiance is given to the republican party. His deep interest in the welfare and prosperity of his city is indicated by his connection with the Chamber of Commerce and he is also a member of the Society of Naval Architects and the Toledo, Inverness, Toledo Yacht, Toledo Automobile and Rotary clubs. From early manhood he has furnished a concrete solution to the difficult problem of self-support and the record of his achievements is the best commentary upon his ability and enterprise. Such a record is one the American public holds in the highest honor.

Herbert Charles Warren

Herbert Charles Warren, vice president of the Toledo & Indiana Electric Railway Company, is a farsighted executive whose administrative powers are an asset in the successful conduct of the business of the corporation. In his career there has been no royal road to success, but he has carved out a path that has enabled him to advance steadily. Born at Troy Mills, Huron county, Ohio, on the 27th of January, 1868, he is a son of John Wheelock and Ellen (Chesebrough) Warren. The father devoted his life to educational work, becoming a college professor. He died in 1875. His widow survived until November 24, 1922, passing away at Navarre, Ohio. The son, after obtaining a public school education, started out in the business world as a telegraph operator when seventeen years of age and for some time was connected with train service. In 1893 he was advanced to the position of train dispatcher and acted in that capacity until 1900, when he became identified with electric railway interests in the construction department. In 1903 he was made general manager of the Toledo & Indiana Railway Company, controlling electric lines. In 1904 he built and operated the Toledo, Port Clinton & Lakeside electric line and in 1907 he returned to the Toledo & Indiana Railway Company as general manager. In 1920 he was elected to the vice presidency of the company, which operates fifty-two miles of road. He is familiar with every phase of railroad work, having advanced from the position of telegraph operator to a place of administrative direction and executive control. The corporation which he now represents employs one hundred and twenty-five men.

On the 16th of January, 1895, Mr. Warren was married to Delilah M. Becker and their children are three in number: Harriett Lucy, who married Fay A.

Barrenger, a salesman of Grand Rapids, Michigan. He died June 10, 1922, and was a veteran of the World war; Pickett Latimer, an electrical engineer ; and Ellen Chesebrough. Mr. Warren belongs to the Knights of Pythias and his membership in club circles is with the Transportation Club. The major part of his time and attention, however, is concentrated upon his business affairs and it is this thoroughness and close application that have constituted the broad foundation upon which he has built his advancement and success. His home is at No. 1010 Lincoln avenue.

'There seems at times a much greater appreciation on the part of the foreignborn of the opportunities and advantages which America offers than is shown by her native sons, who, accustomed to the conditions here existing, take them as a matter of course, with little realization of how superior the opportunities offered in the United States are to those accorded in other lands. The family of Alies S. Cohen, however, with an understanding of what America had to offer, came to the new world when he was a lad of but seven years. He was born in the city of Warsaw, Russian Poland, on the 8th of February, 1842, his parents being Levi and Annie Cohen, who were born, reared, educated and married in that country. Crossing the Atlantic, they landed in New York city in 1849, where the father and mother resided until called to their final rest, the latter passing away in 1856, while the father's death occurred on the 29th of January, 1883. To them were born three sons and two daughters.

During his early years spent in New York city Alies S. Cohen attended the public schools, passing through consecutive grades to the high school, and when his textbooks were put aside he there entered the commercial world. He came to Toledo, however, on the 30th of August, 1866, and through the intervening period has been identified with the commercial development of this city. In 1871 Mr. Cohen formed a partnership with Jacob Lasalle in the dry goods business, under the name of Lasalle & Cohen, which continued until 1876, when Mr. Lasalle withdrew and Mr. Cohen then became associated with Joseph Koch, forming the partnership of Cohen & Koch, located at the corner of Summit and Madison streets. In 1881 Mr. Cohen disposed of his interest in the firm and after a trip to Europe, where he visited his old home, he returned to Toledo and in 1882 again became associated with his former partners in the firm of Lasalle, Cohen & Koch, the store being in the new Bronson building, at the corner of Summit and Madison streets. This association was maintained until 1887, when Mr. Cohen retired from the business to establish the manufacturing enterprise of which he made such a marked success, his output of ladies' cloaks, suits and coats having become widely known under the name of the "Redfern" brand. Mr. Cohen continued as president and treasurer of the Cohen, Friedlander & Martin Company until 1920, when he retired, but he remains active in business, devoting his attention to his large private interests. The manufacturing business is still conducted under the name of the Cohen, Friedlander & Martin Company, though all the original partners are out of the concern. A contemporary biographer has said of Mr. Cohen: "In his business affairs Mr. Cohen has been keen, sagacious and active, and his value as a citizen and business man is widely known and recognized. To follow his career step by step and in detail would show that his success is due entirely to his untiring industry, his thorough knowledge of the business, his courteous treatment, and above all, that most essential attribute of the man of large affairs, sterling honesty."

On the Sth of March, 1867, Mr. Cohen was united in marriage to Miss Betsey Lang, daughter of Jacob and Sophia Lang, and for more than forty-five years they traveled life's journey most happily together, their love and confidence increasing as side by side they shared the joys and sorrows, the adversity and prosperity which enter the careers of all. Then came the death of Mrs. Cohen in the sixty-fourth year of her age, proving the greatest blow that has ever come into his life. She is well remembered for her active charities and religious work and she was beloved to an unusual degree by her many relatives and friends. Her death occurred on the 5th of December, 1912. Mr. and Mrs. Cohen had no children of their own but adopted a daughter, who is now the wife of Louis S. Ottenheimer of Toledo.

Mr. Cohen has always held to the religious faith of his fathers, belonging to the Scottwood Avenue temple, of which he was president for fifteen years, resigning in September, 1914. He has membership with Toledo Lodge, No. 144, F. & A. M., and also with the Toledo Commerce Club. His political allegiance is given to the republican party but the honors and emoluments of office have had little attraction for him. However, he has never neglected the duties of citizenship and at all times has stood ready to aid every worthy project for the public good. His is a notable record of successful achievement, for, starting out in life empty-handed, he advanced steadily through his own efforts and capability until he reached a commanding position jn the business world.

Robert W. Taylor

Energy is the key which unlocks the portals of success and perseverance constitutes the path to prosperity. Possessing these qualities in abundance, Robert W. Taylor, president and general manager of the Home Fuel & Supply Company of Toledo, stands today among those men whose activity and integrity in business furnish an example well worthy of emulation. He was born in Swanton, Fulton county, Ohio, March 22, 1882, a son of Robert W. and Julia (Cable) Taylor, who were also natives of this state. For some time the father devoted his attention to the cultivation of a farm and later he engaged in sawmilling, operating plants in Fulton and Lucas counties, Ohio, until the time of his death and winning success in that field of activity. He is survived by Mrs. Taylor, who is still residing at Swanton. In their family were seven children, six of whom are living: Robert W. and M. E. Taylor of Toledo; and Roy A. Taylor, Mrs. H. C. Frogley, C. F. Taylor and Mrs. J. W. Smith, all of whom are still living in Swanton.

In the acquirement of an education Robert W. Taylor attended the grammar and high schools of his native town and also the Tri-State Business College, after which he secured a position in the cashier's office of the New York Central Railroad Company. For eight years he was identified with that corporation and then resigned to enter the service of the Toledo Plaster & Supply Company, with which he remained for three years. In 1914 he organized the Home Fuel & Supply Company, of which he is president and general manager, and from a small begin- ning he has built up one of the most successful commercial enterprises in the city. He has always carefully planned his business, of which he has made a close study, and in its management displays foresight, sound judgment and administrative ability. '

On the 16th of June, 1912, Mr. Taylor was united in marriage to Miss Anna Willis, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. R. Willis of Toledo, and they have a daughter, Carolyn, who was born in 1914 and is attending the public schools. Mr. Taylor is a member of the Central Congregational church of Toledo and in his political views he is a republican, believing that the principles of the party contain the best elements of good government. He is a member of the Toledo Transportation Club, the Toledo Automobile Club and the Maumee River Yacht Club. He has led an active and useful life, employing every opportunity to advance, and his labors have resulted in the development of a substantial business enterprise, which is not only a source of individual prosperity but also contributes to the industrial activity and upbuilding of the city with which he has allied his interests.

Hon. Thomas Lincoln Gifford

Hon. Thomas Lincoln Gifford not only figures prominently as a business man of Toledo, identified with various important corporations which are sources of general prosperity as well as of individual success, but has also contributed in large measure to the public welfare through his service in public office. He has filled many local positions with credit and distinction and is now representing his district in the state senate. Born near Mansfield, Ohio, on the 6th of May, 1865, his youthful days were spent on the home farm of his parents, James and Mary Ann (Hale) Gifford, the father devoting his life to agricultural pursuits,

At the usual age Thomas L. Gifford became a pupil in the country schools and to help earn funds for a college course he taught school in Richland, Knox and Morrow counties. He then entered the Ohio Northern University at Ada, froin which he was graduated in 1890, with the Bachelor of Science degree, having paid his own way through college. He took up the study of law as opportunity offered, under his own preceptorship and during the winter of 1891-2 served as principal of the schools of Neosho Rapids, Kansas. On January 1, 1893, he came to Toledo and for several months was a stenographer in a law office. In October of the same year he was admitted to the bar and has since been actively engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, taking rank among the representative lawyers of the city. While his practice is of a general nature, embracing all branches of legal business, he has devoted particular attention to corporate and real estate law.

Mr. Gifford has become a recognized power in political circles and has rendered valuable service as a supporter of the republican party. He was first called to office in 1909, when he was elected 'to the city council of Toledo, and through reelection he was continued in that office until 1913. He closely studied the questions of public concern, lending his aid and influence to all projects for the general good. He was connected with the legal department of the city when much important work was done in the way of improving the park and boulevard system and he has never hesitated to urge the further improvement of the city along all lines contributing to its material, intellectual and moral progress, or to uphold any plan for its adornment. In 1914 he was vice president of the charter com- mission for the city and still higher official honors awaited him, for in 1920 he was elected a member of the state senate and in recognition of his able and valuable services was reelected in 1922.

Important as has been the activity of Mr. Gifford in the political field, he has at the same time made for himself an enviable place in business circles and various corporate interests are now profiting by his cooperation and support. He is the president of the Oakland Coal Company, the Gallant Lumber & Coal Company, also ~ of the Community Collateral Loan Company and of the Toledo Fur House Company and he is a director of the Doan Motor Company. These business enterprises varied in nature, have nevertheless benefited by the sound judgment and keen business discrimination of Mr. Gifford, whose habit of delving to the root of any matter makes his judgment of essential worth.

On the 23d of December, 1893, occurred the marriage of Thomas L. Gifford and Miss Genevra Hughes of Plain City, Ohio, and they have one son, Burleigh Hughes Gifford, who saw service in the World war. In fraternal relations Mr. Gifford is a member of Rubicon Lodge, No. 237, F. & A. M.; Toledo Chapter, No. 161, R. A. M.; Toledo Council, No. 33, R. & S. M.; and Toledo Commandery, No. 7, K. T. He is widely known in Knights of Pythias circles in Ohio, belonging to Anthony Wayne Lodge, No. 141. In 1918 he was appointed chairman of the committee appointed by the grand lodge of Ohio to revise and codify the constitution and grand statutes of the Knights of Pythias of Ohio. The result of the work of this committee was unanimously approved by the grand lodge without amendment. When one stops to analyze the record of Mr. Gifford and notes to what prominence he has attained in business, fraternal and political circles and how effective and resultant his labors have been in all these, it is manifest that he has used his time wisely and well and that the public has been both directly and indirectly a large beneficiary of his labors. His breadth of view has enabled him to seek possibilities not only for his own advancement but for the city's development, and his lofty patriotism has prompted him to utilize the latter as quickly and as effectively as the former. He has mastered the lessons of life day by day until his postgraduate work in the school of experience has placed him with the men of eminent learning and ability in Toledo.

Albert M.-Tillinghast

One of the old established business enterprises of this city is that of the Toledo Saw & Supply Company, which for fifty-seven years has been in continuous operation here, and throughout the period the firm has maintained an unassailable reputation for business integrity and reliability. The undertaking was founded by Henry B. Tillinghast, and is now being ably carried forward by his son, Albert M. Tillinghast, who is president of the company. He was born in this city December 28, 1872, and his parents, Henry B. and Sarah (Merriam) Tillinghast, were also natives of the Buckeye state, in which they spent their lives. The father first entered the book and stationery business in this city, which he conducted until 1865, when he sold his interests and established the Toledo Saw & Supply Company, which he operated successfully until his death, in 1893. His initiative spirit and administrative ability enabled him to build up an enterprise of large proportions and he was numbered among the foremost business men and honored pioneers of the city. The mother passed away in Toledo in 1947. Their family numbered four children: J. C., deceased; Mrs. Lamoille T. Brusse, a resident of Pontiac, Michigan; Mrs. Grace T. Ballard, who is living in Los Angeles, California; and Albert M.

Albert M. Tillinghast acquired his education in the grammar and high schools of Toledo and he obtained his initial experience along commercial lines in his father's establishment, which he entered in 1892. Starting at the bottom of the ladder, he worked his way through each department of the business and thus gained a comprehensive understanding of every phase of the undertaking. In 1906 his ability and industry led to his selection for the office of president and he has since been at the head of the firm. He is proving an able successor of his father, greatly expanding the scope of the business and displaying in its management the same keen discernment and executive force which characterized the latter. The company manufactures saws of all kinds, also handles mill and lumber supplies, and occupies the entire building at Nos. 1-11 South St. Clair street, giving employment to twenty-five workmen. Mr. Tillinghast also has other business interests, being a director of the Ohio Wrecking Company of Toledo.

On the 21st of January, 1921, was solemnized the marriage of Albert M. Tillinghast and Miss Bertha Hood, a daughter of Homer Hood of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Tillinghast are members of the First Congregational church of Toledo and his political support is given to the platform and candidates of the republican party. He is a Knights Templar Mason and has taken the thirty-second degree in the Scottish Rite Consistory and he is also identified with the Toledo Commerce Club, the Toledo Yacht Club and the Rotary Club. His life has been spent in Toledo, whose growth and progress he has watched with deep interest, and in the work of upbuilding and development he has borne his full share, contributing materially to the commercial prosperity of the city through the successful conduct of a large industrial enterprise. He is lending added prestige to an honored family name and is a native son whose record reflects credit upon the city.

J. Weir Coover

J. Weir Coover, secretary and treasurer of The Gendron Wheel Company, was born in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, May 11, 1887, and is a son of Frank Lee and Minnie Florence (Myers) Coover. The father was a grain merchant and owner of an elevator, handling grain, flour, feed and coal. The son obtained his education in the' public schools of his native city until March, 1901, when he entered the high school at Columbus, Ohio. In 1904 he became a student in the Toledo Central high school and was graduated with the class of 1905. He afterward enjoyed the benefit of instruction in a business college and thus qualified for life's practical and responsible duties. In April, 1906, he entered the employ of The Gendron Wheel Company as assistant cashier and three years' capable and faithful service won him promotion to the position of cashier in 1909. He continued to act in that capacity until April, 1917, when he was elected treasurer of the company, and in January, 1921, he was chosen secretary, treasurer and one of the directors of the company. In his present position he is bending his efforts to administrative direction and executive control in connection with one of the important manufacturing and commercial interests of the city. The business has been developed to large proportions and for seventeen years Mr. Coover has been identified therewith, his efficiency and fidelity contributing to the success which has eventually crowned the enterprise. He is familiar ai every phase of the business and his close application and unremitting industry have been valuable assets in the prosperity of this concern.

On the 18th of May, 1909, Mr. Coover was united in marriage to Miss Effie Marie Sherman of Toledo and they have become parents of thee daughters : Betty, Dorothy Louise and Florence Marie. The parents are members of the Park Congregational church, in which Mr. Coover is serving as a deacon. He isa member of the Chamber of Commerce and heartily sympathizes with the plans of that organization to promote all interests which are a matter of civic virtue and of civic pride. He belongs also to the Exchange Club and to the Toledo Association of Credit Men, while something of the nature of his recreation is indicated in his membership connection with the Maumee River Yacht Club. From 1921 to 1923 he served on the board of control of the Exchange Club, and in 1921 he became treasurer of the Toledo Association of Credit Men. He is loyal to any cause which he espouses, seeking at all times to further the work of the different organizations with which he is affiliated. Fraternally he is connected with Fort Meigs Lodge, No, 29, A. F. & A. M., and with Rubicon Chapter, No. 237, R. A. M., exemplifying in his life the beneficent -spirit and purposes upon which the craft is based. His residence is at No. 1814 Princeton drive.

Frederick William Smith

Frederick William Smith, whose active operations in the insurance field have brought him through the stages of successive development to the responsible position of general agent for the Continental Casualty Company and the Continental 'Insurance Company at Toledo, is a native of the neighboring state of Michigan, his birth having occurred on a farm near Adrian, on the 30th of September, 1883, his parents being John Hugo and Margaret (Traband) Smith, the former a farmer by occupation. The son obtained his education in the country schools while spending his youthful days under the parental roof, going through the usual experiences of the farm bred boy who early becomes familiar with the labors of the fields. He attended the high school at Adrian, where he was graduated in 1907, and then, thinking to enter upon the practice of law he became a law student in the University of Michigan. Changing his plans, however, he accepted a position as circulation manager of an Ann Arbor newspaper, continuing in that capacity for three years. In 1911 he went to Hartford, Connecticut, and later to Dayton, Ohio, in both cities being identified with insurance interests. In December, 1912, he was appointed general agent for the Continental Casualty Company and the Continental Insurance Company at Toledo and has made good in this responsible position. He has closely and consistently studied the insurance situation and the opportunities of the business and has been successful in directing the affairs of the company in the districts over which he has jurisdiction.

On the 16th of June, 1916, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Alice Wincenried of Toledo and they have become parents of two children: Gurdon Dimmick and Alice. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the First Congregational | church. Mr. Smith was secretary of the Kiwanis Club for a period of six years, from 1916 until

1922, when he resigned, at which time the organization presented him with a gold watch and he was presented with a loving cup by the Chamber of Commerce and the Rotary, Exchange, Lions and Kiwanis clubs, in shght token of the time and effort he had given to the upbuilding of his community. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is interested in all of the plans of that organization for the city's benefit and improvement. He is also a charter member of Damascus Lodge, No. 643, A. F. & A. M., and loyally follows the teachings and purposes of the craft. He enjoys gardening and the cultivation of flowers and finds much of his recreation along that line. His thoroughness and persistency in business have constituted the basic elements of his growing success and he has made for himself a creditable place in insurance circles.

Frank Everard Heck

Frank Everard Heck, a native son of Toledo, has steadily progressed since his initial effort was made in the field of business, as he has proven his worth and ability, and is now serving as president and manager of the Rex Bread Company, in which connection he is at the head of an enterprise of large proportions. He was born May 12, 1885, of the marriage of Henry F. and Emma ( Birchall) Heck, both natives of Toledo. For many years the father successfully engaged in the drug business and his demise occurred in Toledo. The mother is now living in Cleveland, Ohio. They were the parents of two children: Mrs. Bessie Caves and Frank Everard, both residents of this city.

Frank Everard Heck attended the grammar schools and Central high school of Toledo and after completing his education he secured a clerical position with the Detwiler Real Estate Company, later becoming connected with its insurance department. He next became associated with the E. C. Close Real Estate Company and after severing his relations with that firm he entered the employ of the Sherlock Baking Company. He found the work very congenial and devoted every effort to mastering the business. In July, 1920, he became identified with the Rex Bread Company and is now acting as president and manager of the concern, which caters exclusively to the wholesale trade. The company employs about seventy-five persons in the operation of its bakery, which is one of the most modern and sanitary in the city, and there is a large demand for its products because of their purity and wholesomeness. Mr. Heck displays initiative, foresight and executive force in the management of the business and has instituted many well devised plans for its expansion and development.

In November, 1910, Mr. Heck was married to Miss Martha Fallis, a daughter of H. D. Fallis, now deceased, who occupied a prominent position in business circles of the city, serving as president of the Sherlock Baking Company. Mr. and Mrs. Heck have a son, Frank Fallis, who was born in Toledo, December 23, 1911, and is now attending the public schools.

Mr. Heck is independent in his political views, placing the qualifications of a candidate above all other considerations, and as a member of the Chamber of Commerce he aids in promoting the industrial interests of the city. He is a Knights Templar and thirty-second degree Mason, and a member of Zenobia Temple, Mystic Shrine, and is also identified with the Young Men's Christian Association, the Toledo Yacht Club, the Toledo Automobile Club, the Toledo Club, the Inverness

Frank E. Heck

Club, was a charter member and is secretary of the Ottawa Park Riding Club, and is a member of the Toledo Zoological Society. He has led an active and useful life, employing every opportunity to advance, and his present success is entirely attributable to his own labors. His course has been characterized by integrity and honor in every relation and commands for him the respect and goodwill of those among whom his life has been spent. His residence is at No. 1056 Prospect avenue.

John S. Harris

John S. Harris, member of the firm of the bond house of Sidney Spitzer & Company, has been connected with banking and investment interests throughout his business career. He was born in Kirkersville, Licking county, Ohio, June 8, 1886, and his parents, James T. and Minnie (Stone) Harris, were also natives of Ohio. The father devoted his attention to mercantile pursuits. He passed away at Kirkersville. The mother is still living.

The public schools of his native town afforded John S. Harris his educational opportunities and after entering upon his business career, he became connected with the First National Bank of Columbus, Ohio, working his way steadily upward in that institution through industry and ability, until he at length became manager of the bond department. On the Ist of January, 1913, he came to Toledo, at which time he began his connection with Sidney Spitzer & Company, and was subsequently made a member of the firm. He combines a thorough knowledge of the business with executive ability and is bending every effort toward the legitimate advancement of his house. The firm handles municipal, county and school bonds and ranks with the prominent, high grade investment security houses of the country.

At Buffalo, New York, on the 26th of June, 1911, Mr. Harris was married to Miss Sadie Horey, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Horey, prominent residents of that city.

Mr. Harris is a member of the Collingwood Avenue Presbyterian church and his political tenets are those of the republican party. He is identified with the Toledo Commerce Club and is also a member of the Inverness Country Club and the Toledo Club. He has ever endeavored to perform his duty according to the best of his ability and the years have chronicled his progress along lines which lead to his success. His career has been marked by integrity, efficiency and progressiveness and his is a well ordered, upright life that commands for him the respect and confidence of all with whom he has been associated.

Nolan Boggs, lawyer and author, who since his retirement from the office of first assistant prosecuting attorney of Lucas county, in 1920, has devoted his attention to the private practice of law, has gained a creditable position in the ranks of the legal fraternity in Toledo. He was born July 4, 1888, in Elmore, Ohio, a son of Milton and Mary (King) Boggs. At the usual age he became a public school pupil and passed through consecutive grades to his graduation from the high school of his native city. He afterward pursued a course in a business college in

Toledo and then entered the Toledo University for the study of law, winning his LL. B. degree upon graduation with the class of 1909. Subsequently he spent a year in further law study in the University of Michigan and is numbered among its alumni of 1910. He has been admitted to practice in all of the state and federal courts and has made continuous progress in his chosen profession. In 1915 he was called to the office of first assistant prosecuting attorney of Lucas county and filled that responsible position for five years or until 1920, when he resigned. After that time he became senior member of the firm of Boggs, D'Alton & Doty. He is now practicing with Ralph W. Doty under the name of Boggs & Doty, with a clientage that is large and of an important character. He is also well known as the author of a "Manual of Ohio and Federal Criminal Procedure." He belongs to the Lucas County, Ohio State and American Bar associations and there are few men who hold more rigidly to the highest standards and ethics of the profession.

On the 26th of June, 1912, Mr. Boggs was married to Miss Sarah L. McPhe and they have two sons, Howard W. and Ralph Stuart. Fraternally Mr. Boggs is connected with the Masons, loyally following the teachings and purposes of the craft. He belongs also to the Commerce Club and is a valued member of the Lawyers Club. Everywhere held in high esteem, no warmer regard is entertained for him than among his colleagues and contemporaries in the profession, and while he has not yet reached the prime of life, his record is already a notable one and those who have watched his career feel that his future will be one of steady progress and advancement.

Since establishing his home in Toledo, Roy P. Thal has made substantial progress along business lines and is now prominently connected with manufacturing interests, being secretary and treasurer of the Thal & Bitter Machine Company, which ranks with the large productive industries of the city. He was born in one of the countries of Europe, on the 10th of November, 1874, a son of Paul and Lena (Blumberg) Thal, who were also of foreign birth. Leaving their native land they sought the opportunities presented in America and in 1900 arrived in Toledo, where the father continued to reside until his demise, which occurred in 1905, The mother is still living in this city. They became the parents of eight children: Louis, Edward and Max, all of whom are residents of Toledo; Fred who makes his home in Chicago, Illinois; Jacob, of Saginaw, Michigan; Mrs. Paul Aminoff and Mrs. Sarah Luinson, who are also living in Chicago; and Roy P., of Toledo.

Roy P. Thal obtained his education in the schools of his native land, later serving a five years' apprenticeship to the machinist's trade, which he followed as a journeyman, working in many large European cities. Eventually he went to London, England, first entering the employ of a Mr. Sherman and later securing a position with a Mr. Kramer, both of whom were well known manufacturers of that city. Feeling that he could advance more rapidly in a newer country, he came to the United States in 1897 and for eighteen months followed his trade in New York city. He then went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and obtained employment with the Westinghouse Electric Company, with which he remained until 1900 when he came to Toledo. He first entered the service of the Baker Brothers Manu: facturing Company, remaining with that firm for three years, and on the expiration of that period he joined the Toledo Machine & Tool Company, with which he was identified for eight and a half years. He next became connected with the Kinsey Manufacturing Company and on severing his relations with that firm he accepted a position with the Overland Motor Car Company, with which he continued for several years. These various associations gave him broad experience along industrial lines and he then decided to establish himself in business independently, becoming a member of the Thal & Bitter Machine Company, which was organized in 1919. Mr. Thal is now serving as secretary and treasurer of the concern, which has developed rapidly since its inception, and his well devised plans and progressive ideas have contributed materially toward the success of the undertaking. They do all kinds of machine work, devoting considerable attention to the manufacture of automobile parts, and owing to the high quality of the work turned out of their shop and their thorough reliability they have been able to build up a business of large proportions.

On the 27th of August, 1902, Mr. Thal was married to Miss Clara Gettleson, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Gettleson of Toledo, and they have five children: Norman, whose birth occurred in August, 1904, and who is now attending the Scott high school of this city; Theresa, who was born in 1907 and is also a pupil of that school; Irwin, who was born in 1909, Philip, who was born in 1912, and William, born in 1915, all of whom are in school. Mr. and Mrs. Thal are members of the Collingwood Avenue temple and he is also connected with the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith. He has never had occasion to regret the determination which led him to come to this country, for here he has found excellent opportunities for the development of his ability, and through the utilization of his talents he has steadily advanced until he now occupies a position of prominence in business circles of Toledo, while his high principles and fine personal qualities have won for him the esteem and confidence of all with whom he has been associated.

Frederick Clark Averill

Frederick Clark Averill, member of the Toledo bar, having continuously followed the profession since 1901, or for a period of twenty-two years, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, December 25, 1875, his parents being Henry E. and Julia M. (Dodge) Averill, the former for an extended period accounted one ot the prominent attorneys of Toledo.

During the early boyhood of the son, the family home was maintained at Perrysburg, Ohio, where Frederick C. Averill was reared and educated until he had completed his public school course. He afterward matriculated in the University of Michigan, where he won the Bachelor of Philosophy degree, and later he entered Columbia University of New York city, where he received the degrees of Master of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. He has long been actively interested in the Way Public Library at Perrysburg and has filled the position of secretary and chairman of the book committee for a period of sixteen years. He is also a trustee of the Perrysburg Presbyterian church, one of the oldest churches organized in northwestern Ohio.

In 1901 Mr. Averill was admitted to the bar and entered upon active practice. Through the intervening years he has devoted his attention to the profession and has made steady progress, no dreary novitiate awaiting him. Advancement at the bar is proverbially slow and yet he has won for himself a most creditable place as a capable and resourceful lawyer, ready to meet any emergency that may arise in the courts. He prepares his cases with thoroughness and care and his presentation of a case is always clear, cogent and forceful. He has ever been interested in those activities which make for progress and for higher ideals in citizenship and his patriotic spirit is manifest in hs connecton wth the Sons of the American Revolution, which also indicates the allegiance of his ancestry to those interests which have made for the upbuilding of the nation.

Frederick William Gaines

Frederick W. Gaines was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He is the son of James C. and Lucy L. (Reed) Gaines. He was graduated from the Central high school of Cleveland and the Cleveland Manual Training School before entering Yale University, where he received the degrees, A. B. and LL. B. After obtaining his professional degree from Yale, he entered upon the active practice of law, practicing in all state and federal courts.

Since 1915 he has been associated with the law offices of Doyle and Lewis in Toledo, and is an attorney for the New York Central Railroad Company. During the World war he was also employed as an attorney for the United States Railroad Administration.

For a number of years Mr. Gaines was a deputy clerk of the United States district court, and is a United States commissioner. He is a member of the Toledo Bar Association, the Ohio Bar Association, the American Bar Association, the bar of the United States supreme court and the Zeta Psi fraternity of North America.

has been connected with much important litigation. . On June 21, 1898, he was married to Miss Fanny Olmstead of Stamford, Connecticut. They are the parents of three children, James Olmstead, Frederick William, III, and Frances Mary. Mr. Gaines' residence is at No. 2621 Parkwood avenue.

David A. Yoder

David A. Yoder, prominently known in connection with dairy interests in northwestern Ohio, is the president of the Ohio Clover Leaf Dairy Company and president and manager of the National Dairy Company. He has been a lifelong resident of Ohio. He was born in Wooster, a son of Christian Z. and Lydia (Smiley) Yoder. The youthful experiences of David A. Yoder were those of the farm bred boy who divides his time between the acquirement of a public school education, the pleasures of the playground and the duties assigned him in connection with the operation of the home farm. His attention was early directed to the dairy industry and along this line he has concentrated his efforts through a considerable period of his life, being now prominently identified with a number of important dairy interests. Mr. Yoder has manifested a keen interest in the devel- opment of the dairy industry and improvement of milk products, his efforts beginning with the farmers in the betterment of conditions at the source and being carried out all along the line to the consumer by the utilization of scientific methods and the most modern machinery.

For some years Mr. Yoder was interested in the banking business and in the telephone business. In addition to his other interests he is vice president of the United States Malleable Iron Company. He is a member of the Toledo Club, the Inverness Club, the Rotary Club, the Toledo Automobile Club and the Chamber of Commerce. His interests are broad, compassing many of the activities which feature in the material upbuilding of the city, and Toledo regards him as one of her strong and able business men.

William. E. Bettridge

Among those men who have been most active in furthering the industrial development of Toledo is numbered William E. Bettridge, who has depended upon industry and ability for advancement and is now at the head of the Lakeside Biscuit Company, in which connection he is controlling a business of extensve proportions, the success of which depends upon superior administrative ability and keen sagacity. A native of Great Britain, he was born October 20, 1870, of Irish ancestry, and his advent into the biscuit business came when he was eleven years of age, when he began working for an English concern, being assigned the task of greasing pans. After arriving in this country he became connected with the D. F. Bremner Baking Company of Chicago, Illinois, in 1892, and when the American, United States and New York Biscuit companies were amalgamated into the National Biscuit Company he entered the service of that corporation, with which he remained until 1901.

In that year, in association with Miss N. Lawlor, Mr. Bettridge organized the Toledo Biscuit Company, their combined capital being about four hundred dollars. They met with many obstacles in starting their business, for owing to their lack of capital no contractor would erect a building without an agreement to pay for material and wages weekly, which was done from subscriptions from the stockholders, who consisted chiefly of retail and wholesale grocers. From this beginning a very profitable business was built up, but in 1910 a disastrous fire consumed their entire building, destroying practically all of their assets. Many loyal friends of Mr. Bettridge came to his assistance with unreserved support and on the old site was erected a modern five-story building one hundred and ten feet square, of reinforced concrete and equipped with all the most improved labor-saving devices known to the biscuit business. In 1914 Mr. Bettridge purchased the old Kruce Cracker Company of Detroit, Michigan, but on account of the conditions surrounding it, the experiment proved rather costly and he has since leased the building and equipment to the Kroger Grocery and Baking Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, who retain it as a distributing warehouse. Owing to the rapid growth of the business, it was necessary to plan additions to the factory and in July, 1919, the capacity of the plant was more than doubled. The Lakeside Biscuit Company is now operating five ovens and its plant, which is one of the most sanitary and best ventilated estab- lishments of the kind in the United States, is capable of turning out twelve thousand crackers, baked to perfection, salted to taste and ready for packing, every five minutes. The firm manufactures a full line of crackers, cakes and biscuits, using for this purpose five carloads, or four hundred thousand pounds of flour, per week, and one hundred barrels of sugar daily. The factory is advantageously situated in the center of the best soft winter wheat belt. Only the finest of Louisiana cane sugar, creamery butter, fresh eggs and pure milk are used and these ingredients, skillfully combined by modern machinery and efficient processes and baked with consummate care, produce Lakeside quality products, which are handled by ninetyfive per cent of the grocery stores in Toledo. The employes in the office and factory average two hundred and there is also a force of thirty traveling salesmen, who cover northwestern Ohio and southern Michigan, all goods being sold direct to the retail grocers. The firm has endeavored to provide the best possible working conditions for its employes and has recently installed a school of instruction in practical baking, under the tutorship of its own foremen. Mr. Bettridge is an indefatigable worker and as president of the Lakeside Biscuit Company he is controlling a business of over a million dollars annually which stands as a significant monument to his initiative spirit his powers of organization and his executive force. In the conduct of the business he has ever adhered to the master formula of integrity, honor and trustworthiness and the Lakeside products enjoy an unassailable reputation for purity, excellence and reliability.

Mr. Bettridge married Lucy Barnstable of Lake county, Illinois, who died January 17, 1922. She was the mother of two children, Elmer and Bessie.

Mr. Bettridge is a member of numerous clubs and organizations, including the Toledo Club, Inverness Golf Club, Exchange Club, Toledo Riding Club, Toledo Yacht Club and the Toledo Chamber of Commerce, the Detroit Board of Commerce and the New Orleans Chamber of Commerce. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, receiving all his degrees in Chicago, and is a Noble of Medinah Temple, Mystic Shrine, of that city. He is also a member of Toledo Lodge, Knights of Pythias. During his early manhood he spent a year in Montana as a cowpuncher. He is an enthusiastic devotee of horseback riding and maintains that the time which he spent as a cowboy was the happiest period of his life. The word fail has never found a place in his vocabulary and difficulties and obstacles in his path have spurred him on to renewed effort. He has constructed his own success, evolving a structure that is worthy of the hands of a master builder, and his is the record of a strong mentality, stable in purpose, quick in perception, swift in decision, energetic and persistent in action. His life has been an exemplary one in all respects and commands for him the unqualified respect and esteem of those with whom he has been associated.

Charles W. Owen

Charles W. Owen is a partner of the well known firm of patent attorneys, Owen, Owen & Crampton. He was born in the city of Lansing, Michigan, on the 29th of June, 1877, a son of Charles W. and Belle J. (Allen) Owen. The father was a newspaper man, identified with the "Coldwater Courier" and other Michigan newspapers. | water, Michigan, before entering the George Washington University at the national capital. There he pursued his law course and was graduated with the class of 1899. Two years later he joined his brother, Wilber Owen, in Toledo, organizing the law firm of Owen & Owen, which subsequently became Owen, Owen & Crampton when Faust F. Crampton became a partner. Almost from the beginning of his professional career Mr. Owen has specialized in patent law and has made steady progress in this field, until today the firm occupies a position of distinction among the patent attorneys of the middle west. Its business is of an important character and it has been connected with notable cases in this particular, as its clientage is important and extensive. By reason of his work Mr. Owen is also well known in Washington and among his clients are the names of many who have won distinction.

On the 28th of April, 1900, Mr. Owen was united in marriage to Miss Anna V. Steinmetz, a native of Toledo, Ohio, and they have become parents of two children: Virginia and Allen.

Mr. Owen is a member of the Commerce Club, the Toledo Club and the Inverness Club - associations which indicate much concerning the nature of his interests and his recreations. By reason of his professional activity and his social qualities he has a wide acquaintance in Toledo. Mr. Owen's residence is at No. 2556 Scottwood avenue.

Ursueine Academy Of The Sacred Heart

Less than half a decade had passed after Toledo's incorporation as a city, when Father Rappe came to minister to the spiritual needs of the scattered Catholic families in the territory extending from Toledo to the Indiana state line and south as far as Allen county. Huis first thought was to secure religious teachers for his newly organized parish - St. Francis de Sales. A colony of Sisters from Cincinnati responded to his call. After six years in the swampy city the Sisters' health failed and they were recalled by their general superior. In 1847 the "Missionary of the Maumee" was appointed bishop of the newly erected see of Cleveland. Two years later Bishop Rappe returned to his native France to solicit priests and nuns to aid him in his diocese. For nuns he directed his steps to the Ursulines of Boulognesur-Mer, where he had been chaplain before coming to America. This order was named for St. Ursula, daughter of Dimnoc, king of Cornwall, who was born about the year 360. Her father promised her in marriage to Conan, a Breton prince, and Ursula had to embark against her wish, in company with a great many young maidens destined to marry the nobles and warriors among whom Conan had divided his new states. The fleet was cast by a storm near the mouth of the Rhine, and the virgins fell into the hands of the Huns, whose chief sought to make Ursula apostatize that he might marry her. She boldly declared that she was the spouse of Jesus Christ, and that she and her companions, whom she had instructed, would die a thousand deaths rather than be unfaithful to their baptismal vows. On hearing this, his love changed to hatred, and he ordered his soldiers to put them all to death. The glory of St. Ursula's apostolate did not end with her life. It is perpetuated in the illustrious Order of St. Ursula, founded in 1535 by St. Angela, who was born March 21, 1474, at Dezanzano, Italy. November 25, £535; St. Angela founded the order. Through humility, she would not permit it to be known in the world by her name, but gave it the name of St. Ursula. She died January 27, 1540. Bishop Rappe's appeal in France met with a generous response. Four Ursulines and one candidate accompanied him on his return to devote themselves to the education of young girls in the Episcopal city of Cleveland. Undaunted by failure in his first attempt to procure religious teachers for Tolede, Bishop Rappe begged the infant community of Cleveland to give him nuns for kis beloved Toledo. From their small number they gave him five nuns, who arrived in Toledo, December 12, 1854, to begin the work of Christian education in this city, where they have built up one of the most flourishing academies in northwestern Ohio. Hardships and privations were not wanting to these pioneer nuns, but the best families of all creeds in the city recognized the cultural value of such an institution and through their generous patronage the school was enabled to grow. The memory of these loyal students is still cherished by the Ursulines.

The progress of the Ursulines in Toledo from 1854 to 1922 has been that of steady growth. The development of the parochial school system in Toledo from two schools on the convent grounds to its present status is an interesting story. The same is true of the academy. When the charter was granted by the state there was but one graduate. In 1922 there was a class of fifty graduates. In 1905 the academy at the corner of Cherry and Erie streets no longer accommodated the boarders and day students, so the new academy known as St. Ursula's was opened on Collingwood avenue. Again the numbers have outgrown the present buildings and soon a large building on Parkwood avenue will be erected. After a brief survey of his new diocese Rt. Rev. Bishop Stritch, D. D., decided that the great need of his diocese was an institution of higher education for young women. Mary Manse College, adjoining the academy on Collingwood avenue, is the result of his farseeing vision. In addition, then, to schools for children and young girls, the Ursulines offer to Toledo the advantages of a college education for young women.

That Toledo offers a good field for advancement to the ambitious, energetic young man is demonstrated in the fact that few of her native sons have sought in other localities an opportunity for the development of their talents, being content to utilize the advantages here presented, and the city has greatly profited through their intelligently directed efforts and civic loyalty. To this class belongs Reuben H. Bitter, who has spent his life in Toledo and is now serving as president of the Thal & Bitter Machine Company, operating one of the large manufacturing plants of the city. He was born October 6, 1885, and is a son of Jacob F. and Julia (Augsy» bach) Bitter, the former also a native of Toledo, while the latter was born in New York city but became a resident of Toledo in early life. For several years the father engaged in the general dry goods business in this city and afterward he became connected with the postal department of the United States government. He is now living retired in this city and the mother also survives. Three children were born to their union: William G., Lily and Reuben H.

After completing his high school course Reuben H. Bitter entered the Toledo School of Engineering, which he attended for five years, and then started upon his professional career. He was identified with various firms and was in the draughting departments of the National Malleable Iron Works and the Electric

Auto-Lite Company, but in 1919 decided to establish himself in business independently and organized the Thal & Bitter Machine Company, a close corporation, of which he is the president, while Roy Thal, a prominent business man of this city, is serving as secretary and treasurer. They manufacture dies, tools and an automobile spotlight, utilizing from forty-five to seventy-five employes in the operation of their plant, and under the capable direction of Mr. Bitter the undertaking has rapidly developed, a large volume of business now being done by the firm, which occupies a prominent position in manufacturing circles of the city.

Mr. Bitter was married on the 30th of November, 1917, to Miss Minerva Duesing, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Duesing of this city, and they have a daughter, Elaine, whose birth occurred in 1918. Mr. Bitter is identified with the Masonic order, being a member of the lodge, chapter and council, but is not connected with any other organizations, his attention being concentrated upon his business interests. His life has been one of diligence and determination and well defined plans and purposes have carried him steadily forward until he now ranks with Toledo's representative business men. He has ever directed his interests by the rules which govern strict integrity and unabating industry and he enjoys the high regard of those who have known him from boyhood to the present time.

Stanley A. Grzezinsk4

Stanley A. Grzezinski, engaged in the general practice of law in Toledo since 1911, and a recognized leader among the people of Polish birth or descent in this city, in which he has always made his home, was born October 18, 1887, his parents being Michael and Juliana (Prelinski) Grzezinski. He acquired his early education in parochial schools and afterward attended the Ohio Northern University at Ada, Ohio, where he pursued his law studies and won his professional degree as a graduate of the class of 1911. He then returned to Toledo, where he entered upon general practice and through the intervening period has largely devoted his attention to his professional interests and duties. He is associated with the law firm of Hackett & Lynch and he has also become closely connected with several important business interests, being the president of the Polonia Clothing & Shoe Company and also one of the directors of the Polish Savings, Loan & Building Association. He endeavors in every possible way to assist the Polish people of this locality, for being a native American citizen and of Polish descent, he understands both sides of the questions that must be solved in amalgamating the Polish people into American life and citizenship.

During the World war Mr. Grzezinski became identified with the Officers Reserve Corps of the Field Artillery and was on duty at Camp Zachary Taylor. He is now a member of the American Legion. He belongs also to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and to the Loyal Order of Moose and he further has membership with the Knights of Columbus, which indicates his affiliation with the Catholic church. He is a member of the Commerce Club, of the Toledo Automobile Club, of the Phi Delta Phi and the Lucas County and Ohio State Bar associations. These varied and various membership connections indicate the nature of his interests and the breadth of his activities. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and in 1915 he was a candidate for the office of municipal judge. He regards the pursuits of private life, however, as abundantly worthy of his best efforts and is concentrating his attention largely upon his professional duties, which are steadily developing as his powers increase through the exercise of effort and through his continuous study of the principles of jurisprudence.

Dr. Homer H. Heath, a member of one of the old and highly respected families of Ohio, has been identified with the medical fraternity of Toledo for the past seventeen years and has gained a well established position as one of the most successful surgeons of the city, his ability being attested by the large practice accorded him. He was born at Whitehouse, Ohio, August 14, 1877, a son of Dr. Francis Marion and Abigail (Kimber) Heath, also natives of this state, the former born at Heath's Corners, Ohio, and the latter at Whitehouse, Lucas county. The latter was a daughter of Harriet Mullen Kimber, who was the first white woman to settle near Aetna, Ohio, and later removed to Whitehouse. The maternal grandfather made the trip to California with the gold seekers of 1849 and died near Sacramento, California, on the return journey. The paternal grandfather, Nehemiah Heath, came to Ohio from Heath's Corners, Roxbury, Massachusetts, and the land on which he located afterward became known as Heath's Corners, Ohio. He later removed to Colton, Ohio. He married a Miss Davis, who was a member of an old and highly respected family of New England, and their son, Francis Marion Heath, became one of the leading physicians of Whitehouse, where he continued to follow his profession until his demise, which occurred in 1896. He was an honored veteran of the Civil war, enlisting as a private in the Sixty-eighth Ohio Infantry. He was wounded in action and was invalided home, but after recovering reenlisted, joining the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until the close of the war. The mother is now a resident of Toledo.

Homer H. Heath, the only child in their family, attended the public schools of Whitehouse, Ohio, and the Broadway School of Toledo, also the preparatory school of Hiram College, and was graduated from that institution in 1899, with the A. B. degree. For four years he studied medicine under Dr. George W. Crile of Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1903 he was graduated from the Western Reserve University, receiving the degree of M. D. On the 6th of June, 1905, he began his professional career in Toledo and has since built up a large practice in surgery, confining himself to major operations. Since 1905 he has been a member of the staff of St. Vincent's Hospital and in 1909 he became connected with the staff of the Flower Hospital. In 1913 he was made chief of staff at the Toledo Hospital and since January, 1922, he has served as chief of the surgical division of the Lucas County Hospital, while since 1920 he has been chief surgeon at the Maternity and Children's Hospital. He also has business interests, being a director and treasurer of the Whitehouse Stone Company.

On the Ist of March, 1905, Dr. Heath was united in marriage to Miss Permelia Pray, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Pray of Waterville, Ohio, and they have two children: Catherine A., who was born June 21, 1907, and is a student at the Scott high school of this city; and Frank L., who was born June 10, 1911, and is attending the Roosevelt school.

Dr. Homer H. Heath

ing the Sixth United States Regulars, and was druggist at the Base Hospital at Fort Thomas, Kentucky. During the World war he was surgical supervisor of war industries and had charge of the United States nitrate plant hospital, which was erected under his direction. He is a Mason and is also a member of the Rotary Club, the Sylvania Golf Club, the Toledo Club and the Toledo Yacht Club, and belongs to the United Spanish War Veterans. He keeps in touch with the onward march of the profession through his identification with the Lucas County, Ohio State and American Medical Associations and is also a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. His life has ever been guided by high purposes and ideals and with the passing years he has steadily progressed until he now ranks with the foremost surgeons of Toledo.

Claude Albert Pennoyer

Toledo is rapidly becoming one of the great manufacturing centers of the country, owing to its splendid transportation facilities, also to the fact that it is located in the heart of industrial America, and last, but not least, to the enterprise and public spirit of the men who control its commercial interests. In this connection particular mention should be made of Claude Albert Pennoyer, who is well known in business circles of the city as vice president and general manager of the Rollaway Motor Company, one of the leading productive industries of the Maumee valley. He was born in Sterling, lilinois, January 9, 1882, of the union of Arland and Mary (Abbott) Pennoyer, the former a native of New York and the latter of Illinois, to which state the father removed in early life. He became identified with marine interests, serving as captain of packet steamers plying the Mississippi river, while for thirtyfive years he acted as agent at Quincy for the St. Paul Packet Company. He is still active in business affairs and the mother also survives. In their family were two children: Claude Albert; and George S., deceased.

The public schools of Quincy, Illinois, and the Gem City Business College afforded Claude Albert Pennoyer his educational opportunities and on starting out in life independently he secured employment as clerk and purser on one of the steamers of the Diamond Joe line, operating between St. Louis, Missouri, and St. Paul, Minnesota. He next became agent for that line at Hannibal, Missouri, acting for five years in that capacity, and he then entered the service of the Liquid Carbonic Acid Gas Company of Chicago, which he represented as a traveling salesman for seven years. On the expiration of that period he went to Detroit, Michigan, as distributor for the Overland Motor Car Company and he also spent five years at Saginaw, Michigan, in that connection. In 1919 he came to Toledo and joined the Rollaway Motor Company, then engaged in making bicycle motors, while since December, 1921, they have also manufactured the Lokwel tilting and locking steering wheel, which is an innovation in the line of automobile accessories and has found instant favor with motorists throughout the country, owing to its great convenience, its durability and its security. They have secured the patent rights for this wheel, for which there is a growing demand, and are now far behind in filling their orders, which are coming to them from all sections of the United States. Their factory is modern and well equipped and they now employ from one hundred and fifty to two hundred men. Mr. Pennoyer is vice president and general manager of the company and has proven very capable in directing the labors of those under him.

He has succeeded in attaining a high degree of efficiency in the operation of the plant and is bending every effort toward the legitimate expansion of the business.

At Quincy, Illinois, on the 21st of March, 1908, Mr. Pennoyer was married to Miss Helen Stewart, a daughter of Arthur Stewart of that city, and they have two children: Frances Harriet, who was born in Quincy in 1911 and is attending the Smead school of Toledo; and Helen Elizabeth, whose birth occurred in Saginaw, Michigan, in 1917. Mr. Pennoyer reserves the right of voting according to the dictates of his judgment and is independent in his political views. He is a member of the Detroit Yacht Club and his fraternal connections are with the Masons and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Haus has been a life of diligence and determination, and success in substantial measure has crowned his efforts. He is energetic, straightforward and honorably ambitious and measures up to the highest standards of personal honor and present-day business ethics.

Albert J. Kranz, one of the younger representatives of the Toledo bar, having been admitted to practice in 1917, has already attained a creditable place that many an older lawyer might well envy. He is a native son of Toledo, born on the 12th of June, 1893, his parents being Peter J. and Helena Kranz, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this work. In the acquirement of his education he attended 'St. Mary's College and afterward continued his studies in the high school at Dayton, Ohio. He next entered the University of Michigan, in which he was a student in the years 1911, 1912 and 1913, after which he entered Notre Dame University, in which institution he pursued his law studies until-graduated in 1917, with the LL. B. degree. The same year he was admitted to practice at the bar of Ohio, being licensed in the month of December, and since that time he has followed his profession in Toledo. Progress in the law is notably slow, yet Mr. Kranz is already well established in practice and is winning for himself a creditable name and place as a representative of the legal profession in his native city. He belongs to the Lucas County Bar Association and has many warm friends among its representatives.

Alfred Black Koch occupies a leading position in mercantile circles of Toledo as president of the Lasalle & Koch Company, being thus at the head of one of the largest department stores of Ohio and the middle west. His birth occurred in this city, on the 22d of December, 1884, his parents being Joseph and Hattie (Black) Koch, the former a native of Germany who emigrated to the United States in 1859. In the acquirement of an education Alfred B. Koch attended the Central high school of Toledo, later entered the University School of Cleveland, from which he was graduated in 1903, and subsequently spent two years as a student in the University of Michigan. It was because of the death of his father that he left the last named institution at the end of his sophomore year and entered the service of the Lasalle & Koch Company, where he served in divers capacities. He later became buyer for various departments and in 1911 was made general manager, while upon the demise of Jacob Lasalle in 1921 he succeeded to the presidency of the company. In 1922 he secured control of the stock of this corporation, the business of which is steadily developing under his capable direction and wise management. His high standing in commercial circles is indicated in the fact that he has been honored with the presidency of the Toledo Retail Merchants Board and of the National Retail Dry Goods Association. He is also a member of the federal trade committee of the Department of Commerce and was president of the Toledo Rotary Club in 1918. With financial interests he is identified as a director of the Second National Bank.

In Toledo, in 1910, Mr. Koch was united in marriage to Miss Helen Copelin, a daughter of I. W. Copelin. Mr. and Mrs. Koch have a son, Alfred, Jr., who was born March 18, 1911. Mr. Koch is a member of the Toledo Club and the Toledo Tennis Club, while his deep interest in the cultural advancement of the city is manifest in his identification with the Toledo Art Museum and the Civic Music League, of both of which he is a director. He is likewise a trustee of the Toledo Community Chest. During the period of the World war he served as secretary of Draft Board, No. 2, and was made president of Toledo Chapter of the American Red Cross. He has gained an enviable name and place for a man of his years, being widely recognized as one of the prominent merchants and foremost citizens of Toledo, where he has always lived and where he has a very large circle of friends.

Charles A. Langdon

Charles A. Langdon is a successful architect of Toledo who has been a resident of this city sufficiently jong thoroughly to establish his reputation as a leading representative of his profession and his business is one of growing extent and importance. He was born in Castleton, Vermont, August 5, 1866, a son of Charles and Sarah Jane (Moulton) Langdon, who were also natives of that place, in which they spent their lives. The father was educated for the law but engaged in business as a member of the firm of Sherman, Langdon & Williams, marble dealers, at West Rutland, Vermont. His demise occurred in 1871. The family is an old and distinguished one in both the paternal and maternal lines. The ancestral record is traced back to George Lankton, a native of England, who sailed for America in 1646, first locating at Wethersfield, Connecticut, whence he removed to Northampton, Massachusetts, and there died. In subsequent years the present spelling of the name was adopted and Benjamin F. Langdon, the grandfather of the subject of this review, was a prominent attorney of Castleton, Vermont. The Moulton family is of Norman descent and Thomas Moulton, the American progenitor of the name, was prominent in court circles of England prior to his emigration to this country. He became one of the early settlers of the New England colony, first establishing his home at Windsor, Vermont, and had charge of a large estate. Mrs. Sarah Jane (Moulton) Langdon passed away in 1874, leaving a family of three children: Helen C., who married

Curtis C. Gardiner, a representative of the Hartford Insurance Company and a resident of New York city; Lucy Caroline, the wife of Bates Waynan, who is connected with the American Express Company at New York; and Charles A.

in Smith Academy at St. Louis, Missouri, and later entered the manual training department of Washington University of that city, from which he was graduated in 1884. He then spent part of a year in the office of J. B. Legg, one of the most prominent architects of St. Louis, and in December, 1884, he came to Toledo as a teacher in the Scott Manual Training School. During the following year his work was of varied nature, after which he became identified with Isaac D. Smead, engaged in the heating and ventilating business in Toledo and Kansas City, Missouri, and remained in his service for six years. On the expiration of that period he returned to Toledo and was connected with the drafting department of the Conant Furniture Company and also with the Ketcham Furniture Company. In 1897 he established himself in the practice of his profession, opening an office in this city and conducting his business alone until 1899, when he formed an association with Otto H. Hohly under the name of Langdon & Hohly, which continued until Ralph S. Gram was admitted to partnership under the name of Langdon, Hohly & Gram. Their handiwork is seen not only in many of the large and substantial structures of the city, but of western Ohio, some of the most notable buildings which they have been connected with being The Rickey Memorial Hospital at the Masonic Home, Springfield, Ohio; the buildings of the Marsh Foundation School, Van Wert, Ohio, the Epworth Methodist Episcopal, First Reformed and Memorial Reformed churches, Toledo Ohio, the plants of the Toledo Machine Tool Company and many fine residences. Their professional services are in constant demand and they rank with Toledo's leading architects.

On the 17th of July, 1888, Mr. Langdon was united in marriage to Miss Alice McCreery, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph McCreery, well known residents of this city. They are members of the First Congregational church and Mr. Langdon gives his political support to the republican party. He is a member of the Toledo Chamber of Commerce, whose well devised plans for the promotion of the industrial interests of the city receive his hearty support. In Masonry he has attained high standing, the honorary thirty-third degree having been conferred upon him. He has made continuous progress in his profession, working his way upward through his experience and study, resulting in the attainment of wider knowledge and greater efficiency, and his labors have contributed to the development and improvement of the city. Mr. Langdon resides at No. 223 Melrose avenue.

William F. Miller

William F. Miller, who since 1915 has engaged in general law practice in Toledo, has practically spent his life in this city, where he first opened his eyes to the light of day on the 19th of April, 1888, his parents being Charles H. and Alvina A. (Schelske) Miller. The public school system of the city accorded him his early educational opportunities and when he had completed the work of the grades and the high school he entered the Woodville Lutheran Normal School at Woodville, Ohio, from which he was graduated with the class of 1911. Having determined to make the practice of law his life work, he then matriculated in Toledo University as a law student and later he entered the Hamilton Law School of Chicago, from which he was graduated in 1915, with the LL. B. degree. The same year he entered upon active practice in Toledo. He has never sought to concentrate his efforts and attention along a single line but has continued in general practice and his responsibilities and duties along professional lines have constantly increased in volume and importance. His success is attributable to the thoroughness with which he prepares his cases, the clearness and force with which he presents his arguments and the accuracy with which he applies the principles of jurisprudence to the points in litigation. Aside from his connection with the bar he is interested in many of the local industries.

On the 10th of September, 1913, Mr. Miller was united in marirage to Miss Florence A. Raabe of Toledo and their children are: Paul C., Elizabeth Jane and William F. Jr. Mr. Miller and his wife have membership in the Lutheran church and the breadth and nature of his interests is further indicated in the fact that he is the secretary of the Robinwood Hospital, Lutheran Hospice, and Lutheran Inner Mission Society, and has membership in the Commerce Club and in the Lucas County Bar Association.

Wilfred George Christensen

Wilfred George Christensen, one of the younger representatives of the Toledo bar, already, however, making steady professional progress, was born in this city July 21, 1896, his parents being John and Ann (Johnson) Christensen, who were natives of Denmark. Coming to the new world, the father engaged in business as a structural iron worker.

Wilfred G. Christensen pursued his early education in the public schools and in due course of time attended the Scott high school, while later he matriculated in the Junior College of Arts of the Toledo University. Determining upon the practice of law as a life work, he studied and was admitted to the bar in December, 1920, and in 1921 was graduated from the law department of the Toledo University. He has thus thoroughly qualified for his profession and is already well established as a capable and.resourceful young lawyer. He belongs to the Lucas County Bar Association, is also a member of the Loyal Order of Moose and of the Masonic fraternity and the sterling traits of his character commend him to the confidence and high regard of those with whom he comes into contact.

Toon Turley

John P. Hurley, Sr., organizer and president of The Toledo Parlor Furniture Company, was born in Ontario, Canada, October 15, 1862, and is the son of Michael and Ellen (Lee) Hurley, both of whom were natives of Ireland, whence they crossed the Atlantic to Canada, settling there in early life. The father engaged in farming in that country for some time. In 1865 he removed with his family to Toledo, turning his attention to the contracting business. Both he and his wife passed away in this city. '

John P. Hurley, Sr., attended St. Patrick's parochial school and the Toledo Business College. In 1876 he entered the printing trade, serving his apprenticeship with the Toledo Printing and Publishing Company (afterward the News Bee Company). He later became foreman ot the BEF: Wade Printing Company. In 1888. with others. he engaged in the manufacture of furniture in a small store on

Summit street, the present site of the Bostwick-Braun Company. In 1890 The Toledo Parlor Furniture Company was incorporated and Mr. Hurley has been president and manager since its organization. The company, now located on City Park avenue, near Dorr street, manufactures a high-grade line of upholstered furniture, for the territory covering Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Its excellent reputation is well known throughout this section of the country and a large number of retail furniture dealers have continually sold this concern's line since its organization, thirtythree years ago.

On the 8th of September, 1885, Mr. Hurley was married to Miss Mary A. Nesbit of Toledo, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Nesbit. They have become parents of seven children who are all living except two. Walter J. was educated in the public and parochial schools and St. John's University. During the World war he served in the army and has since been associated with his father in the furniture business. He married Miss Katherine Kountz, daughter of General John S. ICountz and Agnes Kountz of Toledo, and they have three children. Eleanor N. was educated in the public and parochial schools, the Ursuline Convent, Mary Laws School, Michigan State Normal, and the Toledo and Columbia universities; she is now teaching in the Toledo public schools. Joseph S. was also a pupil of the public and parochial schools, St. John's University and in Campion College of Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. He enlisted in the navy during the World war, and then entered the University of Pennsylvania. At the present time he is also connected with the Toledo Parlor Furniture Company. Paul J., educated in the Toledo public and parochial schools and St. John's University, is also identified with his father's business. John P., Jr., attended the Toledo public and parochial schools, St. John's University, and is now completing his education at the University of Notre Dame. The religious faith of the family is that of the Roman Catholic church.

Mr. Hurley is a charter member of the Knights of Columbus. He also belongs to the Toledo Chamber of Commerce, 'and is interested in other manufacturing industries and organizations in Toledo whose plans and purposes are for the upbuilding of the city and the support of all measures which tend to promote progress and improvement in municipal affairs.

Frank O. Moburg

Frank O. Moburg of Toledo, whose business interests are largely concentrated in the seven Rex Spray companies, of which he is the president and general manager, was born in Marshalltown, Iowa, May 10, 1869, and is a son of Oliver and Julia Moburg. His youthful days were spent in his native state, where he pursued a high school education and a commercial college education, being thereby qualified for the practical and responsible duties of the business world. In young manhood he became interested in the manufacture of insecticides and fungicides (spray chemicals) and throughout the intervening period has directed his efforts along that line.

For three years Mr. Moburg represented one of the leading firms in that line of 'business as a traveling representative. In 1896, in Omaha, Nebraska, he organized the first Rex Spray Company and later the other Rex Spray companies, and is now general manager of them all, is vice president and general manager of The Toledo Rex Spray Company, and president and general manager of the other Rex Spray companies, which are operating in seven different cities of the Union. He is chairman of the boards of directors of these different corporations, and a very substantial business has been developed, the trade relations now reaching out to every section of the United States and Canada. The products manufactured meet the approval and requirements of all state experiment stations and the United States department of agriculture.

Mr. Moburg was the originator of commercial lime-sulphur solution or sulphide of calcium, which is now manufactured by various large corporations in the United States and is recognized as the authentic necessary product for the control of San Jose scale for orchard and various shade trees.

The various Rex companies unitedly maintain a fellowship in the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Dr. O. F. Hedenburg of that Institute devotes his entire time to developing new products and improving, if possible, the qualities of the products as now manufactured in the Rex plants.

The business now includes the manufacture of lead arsenate under Rex patents ; calcium arsenate, the product recommended by the United States department of agriculture for control of the boll weevil and other insecticides and fungicides and has continuously expanded until it is now the largest of its kind in the world.

On the 10th of May, 1899, in Sheldon, Iowa, Mr. Moburg was united in marriage to Miss Lulu E. Shaffer, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Cyril Shaffer. They took up their residence in Toledo in 1913, and through the period of their residence here they have gained many warm friends who esteem them highly for their possession of those traits of character which in every land and clime awaken confidence and regard.

Mr. Moburg belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and he has gained for himself a creditable position and wide popularity in some of the leading clubs and social organizations of his adopted city. He belongs to the Commerce Club of Toledo, also to the Toledo Club and to the Inverness Club. His religious faith is manifest in his membership in the Methodist Episcopal church.

Jacob Lasalle

Jacob Lasalle was the president and a founder of The Lasalle & Koch Company of Toledo, conducting one of the leading as well as one of the largest department stores not only in Ohio but in the middle west. His birth occurred in the year, 1833, in Marsberg, Germany, where his boyhood was spent. It was in 1856, when a young man of twenty-three, that he crossed the Atlantic to the United States and located at Dubuque, lowa, where he secured a position as clerk in a dry goods store. Later he went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he invested his small savings in a tobacco business, which, owing to a combination of unusual circumstances, was not profitable. He next removed to Chicago, where he engaged in the brokerage business and purchased a seat on the Stock Exchange. In the Illinois metropolis he won and lost two fortunes. He was a resident of Chicago when the Civil war was inaugurated and organized and equipped a company, which was taken into the Union army. Mr. Lasalle served as a captain of the Eighty-second Illinois Intantry Regiment during the period of hostilities between the north and the south and following the successful termination of the in Toledo, Ohio, and here opened a small dry goods store, of which he was the sole owner and only employe. In 1871 he became associated with Alies S. Cohen in the dry goods business, under the name of Lasalle & Cohen, which partnership was maintained until 1876, when Mr. Cohen withdrew, leaving Mr. Lasalle to continue the business alone. In 1882 the latter formed a partnership with Messrs. Cohen and Joseph Koch under the firm name of Lasalle, Cohen & Koch, which was changed to Lasalle & Koch when Mr. Cohen withdrew five years later. From 1890 until 1900 the store was located in the new Bronson building at the corner of Summit and Adams streets, but in the latter year the firm left Summit street, the heart of the retail shopping section, and removed to the Secor building at Superior and Jefferson streets, where they conducted business until 1917, when the present magnificent store building at Huron and Adams streets was completed. Mr. Lasalle occupied the presidency of The Lasalle & Koch Company from the time of its incorporation until his death. He remained active in the business until his advanced age necessitated the gradual relinquishment of his duties in connection with the control and management of this large corporation. He made almost daily trips to the store and was personally acquainted with the nearly one thousand employes of the establishment, knowing them by name. The deep interest which he manifested at all times in their welfare won him their love and respect.

In Chicago, Illinois, in 1864, Mr. Lasalle was united in marriage to Miss Sibella Stern and they became the parents of two sons and two daughters: Solomon, who acted as general manager of The Lasalle & Koch Company until his demise in 1918; Dr. James J., of Toledo, who is mentioned at length on another page of this work; Mrs. A. Tutner of Cleveland, Ohio; and Mrs. Lyman Felheim, who is a resident of Erie, Pennsylvania.

Mr. Lasalle was a worthy exemplar of the Masonic fraternity and an active worker in the B'nai B'rith. His death, which occurred on the 17th of September, 1921, when he had reached the venerable age of eighty-eight years, was the occasion of deep and widespread regret, for he had gained an extensive circle of warm friends in Toledo during the long period of his residence here. Coming to the new world in early manhood, he here found the opportunities which he sought and through their wise utilization won a place among the most prominent merchants of Toledo, where he was an active factor in business circles for more than a half century.

Edwin J. Lynch

Edwin J. Lynch, member of the law firm of Hackett & Lynch, is a well known figure in both legal and civic circles not alone in Toledo but throughout the state. In the midst of an extensive law practice of an important character he has found time to fill a number of public offices and the competent manner in which he has discharged his duties is evidenced in the fact that he has again and again been chosen by appointment or election to positions of public trust. Throughout his life he has been a resident of Toledo, his birth having here occurred on the 1st of May, 1887, his parent's being John E. and Julia C. (Stack) Lynch, whose family numbered four children, of whom he is the eldest, the others being John Thomas, Walter and Robert.

Edwin J. Lynch was a pupil in St. Patrick's Academy and in the Central high school before he entered Toledo University. In preparation for his profession he became a student in the University of Notre Dame, which conferred upon him his LL. B. degree in 1910. He was admitted to the Indiana bar in September of that year and to the bar of Ohio in December. He entered upon the general practice of law in Toledo in 1910 and was associated with Paul Ragan until 1916, when the present firm of Hackett & Lynch was formed. Although advancement at the bar is proverbially slow, he has made steady progress, demonstrating his ability in the careful manner in which he prepares his cases and in his clear and cogent presentation of his cause before the court. Step by step he has advanced and his ability, his oratorical power and his knowledge of the law have gained him prestige at the Toledo bar.

Mr. Lynch is a communicant of the Catholic church, belonging to St. Ann's parish. He also holds membership with the Knights of Columbus as a representative of Toledo Council, No. 386. He is also a member of Toledo Lodge, No. 53, B. P. O. E. His political support is given to the democratic party and he is a member of the Frank H. Hurd Democratic Club and also of the Gem City Democratic Club of Dayton. He belongs to the Toledo Chamber of Commerce and has manifested keen interest in public affairs, endorsing all plans and measures which he deems of vital worth in the upbuilding of the community. In 1915 he was elected a member of the state senate from the thirty-fourth district and served in the eightyfirst general assembly. In 1915-16 he was assistant prosecuting attorney of Toledo and Lucas county and from 1916 until 1919 he occupied the position of assistant United States district attorney of the northern Ohio district. In 1920 he was a delegate to the democratic national convention and he is now serving as a member of the democratic state central committee. Along professional lines his membership is with the Toledo and Lucas County Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar Association and the National Bar Association. While he has held various public offices, the duties of which he has discharged with capability and fidelity, he regards the pursuits of private life as in themselves abundantly worthy of his best efforts and his devotion to his clients' interests has become proverbial.

Seaman G. Vrooman

For many years the name of Vrooman has been a prominent one in connection with the printing business in Toledo, and following in the footsteps of his father, Seaman G. Vrooman is displaying the same ability and enterprise which characterized the latter in the conduct of his interests. He is one of Toledo's native sons and was born March 30, 1884, his parents being George W. and Emma B. Vrooman, the former a native of New York state and the latter of Elmore, Ohio. As a young man the father came to Toledo, where he followed the printer's trade, working for others until he had accumulated sufficient capital to enable him to embark in business independently, when he organized the Vrooman Printing Company. The business was founded soon after the close of the Civil war, being one of the pioneer enterprises of the city, and Mr. Vrooman successfully operated it until his demise, which occurred in 1911, winning a high place in the esteem of his fellow citizens. For twenty-one years he had survived the mother, who passed away in this city in 1890.

Following his graduation from one of the high schools of Toledo at the age of seventeen years, Seaman G. Vrooman began learning the printer's trade in his father's plant and has since been connected with the business. He was at first identified with the Montgomery & Vrooman Company, which later became known as Vrooman, Anderson & Bateman and subsequently as Vrooman & Anderson. In 1914 the business was incorporated under the name of The Vrooman-Fehn Printing Company and the subject of this review is filling the office of president. He possesses an expert knowledge of the trade and his sound judgment, executive ability and persistency of purpose have enabled him to develop a large volume of business. The plant, which is located at No. 38 Ontario street, was erected expressly for this purpose and is modern in every particular, being equipped with the latest and most improved automatic machinery. The firm employs twenty-five experienced printers and press operators and produces direct by mail sales campaigns complete. All that indicates progress in the "art preservative' is to be found in this establishment, which has ever been distinguished by its high quality of work and ranks with the best in the city.

In Detroit, on the 19th of February, 1909, Mr. Vrooman was married to Miss Myrtle T. Rochford, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Rochford, and they have two children: George R., who was born in 1911 and is attending school; and Carolyn, born in 1920. Mr. Vrooman is a member of the United Typothetae of America and was one of the organizers of the Toledo Exchange Club, of which he was the first secretary. He is a member of the Sylvania Golf Club, and in Masonry has taken the Knights Templar degree in the York Rite, and in the Scottish Rite Consistory he has attained the thirty-second degree, and is also a member of Zenobia Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He has been a persistent, resolute and energetic worker and the years have chronicled his growing success. His life has been spent in this city and the spirit of enterprise and progress which has been the dominant tactor in its upbuilding and development finds exemplification in his career.