Troy Township (part 1 of 10)

Troy Township

was organized by the commissioners of Huron county, in 1835. It was erected out of territory known as the "Gore," and was four miles wide and five miles long. At the time of its organization it abounded in forests, and. was the resort of wild game. It had been attached, for purposes of civil rule, to the township north of it, in Huron county. The pioneers, at the date of its organization, are believed to have been: Joseph Parker, Nathaniel Clark, Benjamin Moore, Christian Bush, David Mason, Ralph Phelps, Nicholas Fast, Christian Fast, and Sanford Peck.' Benjamin Moore was the first justice of the peace after the township assumed its organized condition.

Ruggt.Es Town Skip

t We are unable to .ei\e the lime oi service of the toregoii'-g justice ... as Sullivan was attached to Lorain county for ser e al years, and the rceorrlsare i - I 1 !t is now impossible to give the dates vf th.eir vice dot', and the lacy of - I vice, as the records are not to be had

Biographical History The Pioneers

George William Hill, of Ashland, was born in Marshall | county, Virginia, April 22, 1823. His ancestors were j Scotch-Irish. His great-grandfather settled in the Shenandoah valley, Virginia, in about the year 175c. His j grandfather, Edward Hill, settled about four miles west of j Mt. Pleasant, in -Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in 1 the year 1 794, a region prior to that time claimed as a part j of the territory of Virginia, where John Hill, father of j George W. Hill, was born in i8ot. In the fall of 1822 j John Hill located in Marshall county, Virginia, where he j married Catharine Grandstaff, of German descent, and j where George William Hill, their first child, was born. | In 1824 John Hill removed to Richhili township, Mus- | kingum county, Ohio, on the head waters of Wills creek, J then a wild and sparsely settled region. In 1830, he re- I moved to near Brownsville, in Licking county, where he ! remained until 183/1, and then located near Hartford, in 1 the same county, in the midst of the forest of that re- | gion, where deer and other game could be seen almost [ daily ranging through the deep woods, and commenced to prepare a new home. After making some improve- ' meats upon his farm, he sold it and again located near | Newark in 1836, and in September of the same year his ! wife deceased and was buried in the oid cemetery of ! Newark. John Hill then returned with his children, j

In 1.845 he entered Ashland academy, then under the | superintendence of the lamented Lorin Andrews, one of J the most successful instructors in Ohio, and who after- j wards became president of Kenyon college, in Knox j county, Ohio. Mr. Hill remained at that school three j years, paying his way by working nights, mornings, and [ during vacations. In 184S he became deputy for the ! auditor and treasurer, and remained in the county offices j until 1853 In 3850, having read law at nights after office hours, he was admitted to the bar as a practicing i attorney. In 3852 he was principal of Loudonvilie j academy, which position he held until failing health compelled him to resign, In 1853-4 he was official reporter for the Ohio senate. In August, 1854, he was appointed a deputy in the office of the State auditor, 1 that office being presided over by Hon. William D. Morgan, now of Newark, Ohio. In November, 1855, he was appointed to a first-class clerkship in the treasury of the United States, in 1859, he graduated in medicine in the medical department of Georgetown college, District of Columbia, lecture hours occurring after office hours in the treasury, thus enabling him to attend lectures without losing time. In July, 1863, he was at the first battle of Bull Run, as a volunteer surgeon. In January, 1862, he returned to Ashland, Ohio, and entered upon the practice of medicine, and continued in that profession until the fall of 1867. In 1862 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Ashland county, and was re-eiected in 1864. In the winter of 1S68-9, he was official reporter of the house of representatives of Ohio. In April, 1S68, he purchased the Ashland Union , the Democratic organ of the county, and changed its name to The States and Union. He continued to edit said paper until August, 1872, when, differing with his party on the policy of nominating Hoi ace Greeley for President, he sold said paper.

Tn -1872 he was a delegate from the fourteenth district to the Baltimore convention, but refused to act with his delegation as to the time-serving policy of selecting a candidate from the ranks of the Republican party to head the National Democratic ticket for President. In distrust he retired, selling to men who thought they sacrificed no principle in advocating the claims of Greeley for President, although he had often stated in the Tribune, that he "would not say that every Democrat was a horse thief, bat would sav that every horse thief turned out to be a Democrat." The people of the United States refused to sustain his nomination, and defeat and disaster overtook the old man, and from 'disappointment, he soon became a hopeless wreck, and died. Such is the end of ambitious and ill-balanced men! In the spring of 1873, Mr. Hill was elected a member of the Ohio Constitutional convention held at the cities of Columbus and Cincinnati in the summer of 1875 ar|d winter of 1874. and served upon several committees in the convention, and was chairman of the committee of accounts and expenses. He made a number of speeches, all of which are punted in the volumes of the debates. He was active in opposing ail schemes to deplete the treasury, and increase the burthens of the people, and finally voted against the constitution, feeling convinced that it was not what the people wished. On the fourth of j uly. 1876, at a town meeting, the people selected him to deliver the Centennial address for Ashland county. A large assemblage of people was present to hear the address, which was published in both the county papers. In 1S75- u- 7-S he wrote the sketches of Marion, Wyandot and Allen counties, with a full history of the ancient l!'\ar Softs, Deia oares and Sbawnees, including their final removal west In 1880 he finished, for publication, the history of Ashland county.

Mr. Hill married Miss Rebecca Draper daughter of John Draper, formerly from near Boston, Massachusetts, May 17, 1850. His family consists of three children: Margaret Amanda, Ida Rena and Wilham Duane Hiil, all of age.

Baptiste Jerome

| John Baptiste Jerome was born near Montreal, Canj ada, ot French parents, in the year 1776 or 1777. When j I - seventeen or eighteen years of age he crossed the lake ^

| with some French emigrants, and settled among the In- | dians at the mouth of Huron river. He married an Indian girl, supposed to have been the sister of a noted-, i Indian known as George Hamilton. After remaining on : the Huron a few years, he moved to Upper Sandusky, j and resided among the Indians until the campaign of General Anthony Wayne. In company with Captain : Pipe, of the Delawares, he was engaged in a number of battles against the American forces, and was at the famous battle of '"Fallen Timbers." At the time of his residence in this county, he often related anecdotes concerning that battle, describing the amazement of the Indians at the rapidity and violence of the movements of Wayne's army - -the Indians comparing him to a huge "black snake," and ascribing almost supernatural powers to him. He asserted, that for a long time, the very name of "Mad Anthony" sent a chili of horror through the body of an Indian. They had, prior to the appearance of General Wayne, baffled the armies of the American generals, and committed many barbarities upon the wounded ; and dead soldiers left upon the battle field ; but, when he came, like a huge anaconda, he enclosed and crushed the warriors in such a frightful manner that they abandoned all hope of resisting his victorious march, and were glad ! to stop his ravages by making peace.

1 After the treaty at Greenville in 1795, Jerome, Cap- | tain Pipe, and a number of the Delawares left the nortb- | west and settled at what was formerly Mohican Johns- ' town, on the south side of the stream, about three j quartets of a mile from the present site of Jeromeville.

! The stream was thenceforth known as the Jerome fork, which name it doubtless received from Jerome. The precise period of this migration can not be accurately fixed, but was doubtless as early as 1796 or 1797. Jerome crossed the stream and built a cabin a little | southeast of the present site of the mill, where Joseph ; ii. 1 .arwil! found him, his wife and daughter, while sur- 1 veying, in 1806-7. Captain Pipe built a wigwam and locate. south of the stream, and about one mile from Jerome, near what is now the Hayes ville road. When the first settlers came into Killbuck, now Mohican town- i whip, Jerome resided in the aforesaid cabin, and had j some thirty-five or forty acres of land cleared along on \ the bottom, on the banks of the stream, which he culti- I vated in corn.* lie resided in his cabin with his wife 1 Mary or Munjela, who was about fifteen years old when : the war 6f 1812 was declared. A short time prior to the declaration of war, Captain Pipe and all his Dela- 1 wares , except three or four friendly and harmless families, quietly slipped away and joined their friends in the I northwest. When Captain Murray came to Jerome's

'Vv'lifU thi; old Portage road was surveyed in 1810. Peter Kin no i, afterward Judge Kinney, was one of die party, and found Jerome s caliin as tibuve stated, near the foot \>f Main street, in Jorunieviil -, on the south side. See also, biography of Alexander I inley and letter of James Finley.

place to build the block house, it is asserted by some of the pioneers, that by order of General Beall, Jerome was arrested and sent to the block-house at Wooster, where he was confined for a short time as a precaution against furnishing aid and comfort to the Indians who might be found prowling about the forest; and that while he was at Wooster, Captain Murray sent his (Jerome's), wife and daughter to Urbana, where they subsequently died from exposure. Another statement is, that when Captain Douglas removed the Green town Indians the wife and daughter of Jerome, with others, accompanied them, Jerome voluntarily remaining to take care of his stock, of which he was well supplied, and his cabin and household goods; and that he was not confined at Wooster. We accept the latter statement as being the most1 probable; for there were no Indians at the arrival of General Beall to be sent away, and we have no account of a separate expedition from that of Douglas to convey the Indians to Urbana.

Jerome is said to have been warmly attached to his wife and daughter, and deeply mourned his separation from them ; and often reproached the military for en forcing so cruel an edict. He never looked upon their faces again ; for, long before the close of the war, they were both in the grave. Prior to his being separated from his wife, Jerome was noted for his hospitality - his wife being an excellent cook and housekeeper, considering her opportunities, Jerome being her only instructor as to domestic duties. During the prevalence of the war, Jerome remained at the block-house among the pioneers who sought protection there in iSia-'j^-'ig. The loyalty of Jerome was beyond question. On several occasions he evinced as much zeal in protecting die neighboring cabins as his pioneer companions of the block -house. He was a small man- -vivacious and positive. Though impulsive, and at times irritable and bitter in his resentments, he was generous and brave, and firmly attached to his friends. He was endowed with a good understanding, and could converse in French and Indian, and sufficiently well to be understood in English. Before his separation from his wife and daughter his circumstances were prosperous, being in possession of a lot of cattle, hogs and horses - a few fields of cleared land, with a comfortable cabin. At the close of the war, everything went wrong with him - his property was dispersed and his affairs began to go to ruin. He married a German woman on the Clear fork, with whom he lived until he sold his farm. He sold the farm, occupying the present site of Jeromeville, in the winter of 1815, to Christian Deardorf and William Vaughn, and purchased the farm upon which Goudy's mill was subsequently erected, about two miles southwest of his old farm. He remained here some time, and sold the land to Joseph Workman, who sold it to Constance bake for a mill site. Jonathan Palmer was his neighbor for three years, and always spoke kindly of Jerome. About the year 1817 Jerome and his German wile removed to hi old residence at th< mouth of Hunan riser, where he land where they remained. Jerome is believed to have been the first white settler within the present limits. of Ashland county, Iris arrival antedating that of Alexander Finley and Andrew Craig some eight or nine years.

Abram Williams

Among the wigwams of Greentown when the pioneers of 1809-10 entered the township, was that of Abrarn Williams, an irritable, morose old Indian, who had for- : tneriy married a white captive on the Sandusky river, ; from whom he separated in consequence of the violence I of his temper and long continued jealousy and cruelty. | The story of this unhappy marriage, as near as 1 can learn, is as follows:

Martin returned lrom the camp and requested Mary , Castleman, aged about thirteen, and Margaret, about | nine, to accompany him to assist in boiling and gathering" j sugar water.,

Mrs. Castleman hesitated for some time to let them go; but Martin being quite positive there were no Indians in the vicinity, she finally consented to let them return, with him. A short time after they crossed the river Mrs. Castleman heard the explosion of guns in the vicinity of the camp, and being alarmed for the safety of her daughters, hastened, to the river side and called aloud, but received no reply. Returning to her cabin she alarmed the neighbors, and a number of men assembled on the east bank of the river, but dared, not pass over, for fear of an ambush. On the succeeding morning, a number of volunteers crossed in a canoe, and found Martin and his wife dead and scalped.

The Castleman. girls, and a little daughter of Martin, ! were nowhere to be found. The volunteers concluded they had been captured and carried away by the Indians. Pursuit was now useless, 05 the savages were doubtless ! many miles awav. Years after, it was learned that there I were but three Indians at the capture. In skulking along the banks of the Ohio, they happened on Martin's | camp, and finding it defenceless, concluded to kill him I and his wife, and take the girls to Sandusky.

After they had killed Martin and his wife they secured : the girls. While they were engaged in the fiendish murder of the two old people, Margaret attempted to conceal herself in a hollow sycamore log, while Mary fled to j the river and got into a canoe and began to push it from ' the shore, but om of the Indians instantly pursued her into the water ami dragged the canoe back again, and secured her, He asked her how many men were at the house, and knowing that the safety of he> mother anu

The Indians then took up their line of march for Greentown, on the Black fork. After several days they arrived at the Indian village, where they met some traders from Detroit. They passed up the ancient trail from Fort Pitt, by way of Jerometown, now known as the Portage trail. A trader at Greentown, by the name of McIntosh, was much pleased with the appearance of Margaret, and purchasing her for twenty-five dollars, took her home with him to Detroit, where she remained a number of years as a member of his family, and attended school. Her father, through the traders, finally learned of her whereabouts, and went to Detroit and took her home.

The Indians took Mary and the Martin girl to Sandusky, where they remained. The history of the Martin girl, during her residence among tire Delawares, is a blank. Mary Castleman grew up to womanhood among the Indians, learning all their customs and language. During her residence among the Indians at Sandusky, she became acquainted with Abram Williams, a half-blood, to whom she was married. She had by him two children, George and Sally. Williams was a jealous, tyrannical and cruel husband, and he and his white squawlived very unhappily.

Williams, in his paroxysms of rage and jealousy, often maltreated his wife, and threatened tc kill her. Fearing he would put his threat into execution,, she resolved, if possible, to make her escape and seek refuge among her friends in Beaver count). By the traders, who often visited Fort Pitt, she conveyed intelligence of her situation to her father, and her desire to be relieved. The attempt to rescue her would be attended with much danger. If not successful, it would result in bringing upon her the vengeance of her exasperated husband, and might terminate in great suffering and death.

Mr. Castleman made arrangements with a man by the name of George Foulks, a neighbor, to go to Sandusky to obtain the release of Mary. In his youth, Mr. Foulks had been captured by the Indians, taken to Sandusky and adopted, where he .resided for many years, and became versed in their language and customs. He was well acquainted with ail the Indian trails, and it was presumed by Mr. Castleman, that Foulks was just the man to secure the liberation of his long missing daughter.

Mr. Foulks, after some preparation, set out for Sandusky. passing up the old trail to Jerometown; thence near where Olivesburgh now stands, through Bloominggrove, in Richland county, to the place of his dcstinanation. He soon found Williams and his wife. After spending a few days with them lie proposed t.> Williams to let Mary accompany him on a visit to her friends in Beaver county. The jealousy of Williams was at once aroused. He refused to permit his wife to leave, and menaced the life" of Foulks if he persisted in making such a request.

Mr. Foulks determined to earn out his intentions to bring Mary home. The rage of Williams w.s t<> he hat fled hv strategy. Affecting to ae< piles* e in the unwilling ness of the dusky husband, he alleviated his fears. Mr.

Foulks then went to an old Indian acquaintance and friend, and proposed to give him a barrel of vliiskey and other presents if he would aid him in getting Mary away from Williams. The Indian feared the resentment of his Indian neighbor, and at first refused; but tire "fire water" was a tempting pri/.e.

At the next interview he entered heartily into the project, and agreed to go with Mary. The- plan war., for Foulks to keep a way from Williams, and remain about the Indian camp. The confederate then took Mary and started down the old Jerometown trail, while Foulks remained a day in the camp, and then started by another trail to meet his Indian friend and Mary at Jerometown. When he arrived near the Indian village he gave the signal, and -Mary and his friend soon appeared in the forest, and she was then taken home by Mr. Foulks and restored to her friends and civilized society.

Some time after this desertion Williams came to Greentown, buili a wigwam, and was residing there with his children, George and Sally, when the first pioneers came mto the neighborhood. Sally was then a young woman, and had many admirers among the dusky warriors. Mrs, James Cunningham, Mrs. James Irwin, Mrs. Sarah Yale, and others, called at the wigwam of Williams to see what ' kind of a housekeeper Sally appeared to be. These ladies were all young then. They found the wigwam of William's neat and clean, and Sail} a pleasant young lady.

Solomon Jonacake

A short time before the removed of the G' cento wn Indians, a good-natured, fine-looking Delaware warrior, by the name of Solomon Jonacake, located among the tribe, and soon became fascinated with the charming Sally Williams. He proffered her Ids hand in marriage, saying: "Me want squaw velly bad. Me like squaw. Me want Sally for squaw," The proffer was accepted on condition that the marriage ceremony should be after the manner of the whites, and by a white man. Sally exacted these conditions on the ground that she had already been twice married to recreant young warrior:, and the Indian ceremony had failed to "stick."

Jonacake was but loo happy to comply, for he "wanted Sally velly bad." There being no minister in that region authorized to perform the ceremony, tney went to the cabin of Peter Kinney, who was justice of the peace, and he married them. It was a good job, for Jonacake proved a kind and faithful husband. Abram Williams was very proud of the choice of Sally, and stated to Mr. Elijah Harter, of Mifflin, that "Jonacake was a good Indian. He no heathen Indian, lie Moravian Indian, lie be kind to Sally. He velly good Christian Indian."

When the Grecntown Indians were removed, in to Urhana, Williams, Jonacake and wife accompanied their friends. After the war, they and many other ( deontown Indians returned annually to limit, for ten or twelve years'. Jonacake hunted a good deal in what is now Lake township, placing his wigwam near a good spring,

In 1 8 t q. he encamped in the spring and fall, on a bottom west of the Black fork, in the vicinity of the present residence, of Daniel Hoover, some three miles northwest of the village of Mifflin. While there, Airs. Hoover visited the bark wigwam of Jonacake, and spent some hours with Sally, who could converse very well in German. At that time Jonacake had two interesting little boys, aged respectively abort five and seven years. Mrs Hoover says Sally was an interesting woman, and j her children were very neatly kept. Fler little boys | were handsomely clothed in dressed deer-skin, after the ! Indian style. Everything exhibited an air of comfort j and contentment.

During the interview, Sally complained of being surfeited on venison, and expressed a wish for salt pork. Mrs. Hoover agreed to exchange pound for pound.

I Sally was delighted. A few mornings after the visit, i Jonacake appeared very early at the door of Air. Hoover's j cabin with a load of fresh venison. Hoover went to his ' smoke-house and selected the pork which he proposed ! to exchange, and having weighed it, handed it to Jon- | acake. The good-natured hunter appeared much i pleased with the trade. Breakfast being then ready, Mr. Hoover politely invited Jonacake to eat. Fie readilv consented, and look a seat at the table.. He behaved with becoming modesty, and handled his knife, fork and cup with as much skill as a white man.

Mr. Hoover says Jonacake was a tall, fine looking Indian, and would weigh, perhaps, one hundred and sixty ! or one hundred and seventy pounds. He seemed to be j imbued with the doctrines of the Moravians. Salic was j a firm believer in that faith; and Jonacake and his family observed the Sabbath much more faithfully than the | semi-christianized borderers who surrounded them. Mr.

! Hoover regarded his Indian neighbor as harmless, and | as possessing integrity to a remarkable degree. He | often met him in the forest hunting, and says he was j always courteous and good-humored. Sally was, in hi.-.

Mr. Knapp refers to the residence of Jonacake in I Ciearcreek township at a late date. In 1824, in the spring, Jonacake had a wigwam in the vicinity of the j present site of Savannah. While there, one Sabbath, j Hance McMeekin and Andrew Clark visited his wig j warn, and entered into conversation with Sally. Mc- Meekin was a merry, fun-making sort of a pioneer, and relished a good joke. After saluting Sally and her little boys, he inquired as to the success of Jonacake in hunting.

Sally - "Not very good. Last Sunday, Jonacake saw a number of deer, while hunting his horses that had j strayed away; but being without a gun, they escaped."

Jonaeake and other Indians, at that period, often vis- j ited the mill of Martin Mason, where Leidigh's now j stands, to purchase corn-meal in exchange for pelts and , venison. Andrew Mason remembers him distinctly,

In the treaty of 1S17, at the Maumee rapids, a reser- ; vation, three -miles square, south of the JFyemdo/s, was allowed /the remnant of Delete ares from Jerometown | and Greentown, Jonaeake is named as one of the joint j proprietors.

Jonaeake died on the Delaware reservation, in Kan- j sas, leaving two or three sons. In the war of the Rebellion of j S 6 x - 5 , three grandsons of jonaeake served in company M, Sixth regiment of Kansas volunteer infan- j try, under Captain John "\Y. Duff. Their names were: John, Benjamin, and Philip Jonaeake. Captain Duff says they "were excellent soldiers.

. CAPTAIN ARMSTRONG, of Greentown, whose Indian name was Pamoxet. is first mentioned in the treaty of Port Industry, on the Maumee river, July 4, 1805. The object of the treaty was j the final relinquishment of all Indian title to the lands of the Western Reserve. We ate inclined to the opin- j ion that he was a chief of the Turtle tribe, and that he located at Greentown fifteen or sixteen years before Pipe ' made his residence near the village of Mohican Johnstown. He was there when the first settlers of Green township commenced the erection of their cabins, in i 1808-9; and seemed to exercise a very controlling in- j faience over the Indians of that village, among whom were Delawares., Mia goes, Afohaicxs, and a few S/iaraaees. ;

From the year 1800, up to 18x2, Knox county fur- ! nished a favorite resort foi Armstrong and his tribe, in the fall of the year, as a site for hunting. Mr. Banning, 1 in his history of Knox county, says the Indians congregated at Greentown, at the periods mentioned above, I numbering from three to five hundred. During the summer seasons, various acts of hostility were attiibuted ; to Armstrong's band, of which they were doubtless innocent. Collisions, therefore, between the white settlers of Knox county and the Greentown Indians, became frequent. The major part of the tribe, on the rumor of the approaching war, \oluntarily left Greentown; bu

Armstrong and many others were loth, to leave the hunting grounds of their youth - the graves of their fathers - the homes of their race. So Major Kratzer determined that Armstrong and his people should be removed to Urbana, as before described.

At the time James Copus, John Coulter, and Ebenezer Rice, first met Armstrong, he appeared to be about sixty-five years of age; was a small man, slightly stooped, rather dignified and reticent; dressed in full Indian costume, and appeared to advantage. He had two wives; one an old squaw, by whom he had James and Silas, and probably other children. He married a young squaw about 1808, by whom he bad children. He frequently visited the first cabin of James Copus, where lie made sugar the first spring after his arrival.

James and Siias often shot at a mark, with bows and arrows, with James and Wesley Copus, in the sugar camp. They also amused themselves by hopping, wrestling, and other boyish sports. Armstrong had two Indian servants or slaves, both deaf. They were of some other tribe. Armstrong appeared to be a harmless old chief, and treated his pioneer neighbors very kindly. At his request. James Copus preached a number of times to the Greentown Indians. Alter Douglas removed the Indians, Captain Armstrong settled with the Delawares in the. Upper Sandusky region, and never returned to Greentown. The boys, James and Silas, frequently came back. The old chief was a good Indian doctor, and could talk very good English.

Hi-s descendants- -the Armstrongs - intermarried with the Delawares and Wyandois , and finally removed, in 1S28-29, west of the Mississippi.

It is believed that Captain Armstrong was born in Pennsylvania, of white parents, and was captured, when quite young, and adopted by the Delawares, and, becoming a leading warrior, was promoted to the office of chief.

There is a current legend among the pioneers of Green township, that Armstrong received his name, when a young man, from a successful contest with a black bear, just prior to his promotion to the chiefship. It runs thus: "Pamoxet was in the forest, hunting. He met and wounded a large black bear. The ferocity of the aniiml was aroused. It rushed upon him, and, in an erect posture, seized his left arm and commenced to lacerate it. His gun being emptied, he sebed a bowlder, and when the bear began to gnaw his. arm, he used tiie bowlder upon its head. He soon compelled it to desisr, and it foil dead at his feet. The Indians immediately recognized his heroic conduct, and called him Captain Strong Arm, or Armstrong."

Thomas Lyons

When the pioneers o! 1 S08 9 nee in to scu!< in what are now known as Green and Mifflin townships, in this county, they found a tell, Kan, aged IE is ware, bv the name of Thomas Lyons. Prom conversations lick! with James Cunningham, Peter Kinney, James Copus. Lewis Oliver, and John Coulter, it was learned that Lyons was born in New Jersey, near the Delaware line. It was impossible to gather from him any definite idea of the date of his birth. When interrogated on that subject, his response generally was. "One hundred fifty years." In conversation with others concerning the length of a year, "Tom" considered the winter and the summer each a year. That would make him about seventy-five years of age, in 1810. Most of the settlers, however, concur in the opinion that he was the oldest Indian they had ever met. He was probably near one hundred years old when he lef. the country.

Lyons informed Judge Peter Kinney that he was at the massacre of Wyoming, in 1778. Colonel John Butler, at the head of eleven hundred Mohawks, and a few white tones who had joined the British, entered the lovely valley of Wyoming,' in northern Pennsylvania, July 2. 1778. Most of the strong men '.cere then away on distant duty, and families and homes found defenders only in aged men, tender youths, resolute women, and a few trained soldiers and friendly Delawares. These were marched up the valley to drive back the invaders, but the savage Mohawks soon put them to flight, a large portion being slain or made prisoners. A few escaped vto a fort near Wilkesbarre, where families for long distances around had fled for safety. The invaders soon appeared before the fort. They were sweeping onward towards the Susquehanna with resistless fury, carrying carnage and death in their train. The night after the battle, the yells of the infuriated savages echoed through the forests, and death seemed impending over the belcagurtd refugees within the littie fort. An agony of suspense rested upon all during the slowly passing hours of that dark and dreary night. Morning came, but contrary to expectations, the leader of the savages (John Butler) appeared near the fort and offered terms of safety to the inmates if they would surrender. The gates were thrown open, and most of the families were permitted to return to their homes. . During the day the Mohawks scattered up and down the valley. Before sunset, ali the inhabitants were doomed. Scarcely had the shades of night appeared, before their burning dwellings threw a lurid glare over forest and field, and the work of death began. The terrified people fled to the mountains and the forests to escape the hatchet and tin scalpin'- knife; but, alas! the red fiends, led by trie inhuman Butler, left that fair valley blackened with the ruins and cinders of the homes of the pioneers, while their bodies, scalped and mutilated, were scattered through the forest, to become food for wild beasts.

After this dreadful disaster, Torn Lyons and several other friendly Indians tied to their Delaware friends, on the Tuscarawas and the brandies of the Mohican. Turn Lyons dwelt among the Moravians some time at Gnaddenhutten, and continued to revisit that favorite spot ot the Christian Delations to the dose of his life. When Colonel Crawford invaded the Sandusky country in 1782, Thomas Lyons, Thomas Armstrong, Billy Montour, Thomas Jelloway and a number of the Delate ares are believed to have had a village on the Clear fork, about one mile west of the old Lewis block-house, in Richland county. The name of this town was German, and signified clear, light or transparent. It was Helltown. In German the word "lieil" signified light or clear. The name probably originated from some Penni sylvania captive, as the village on the Clear fork or j Clear water. Upon the approach of Colonel Crawford, j the inhabitants of the v illage fled, and when his army returned from its disastrous defeat, Armstrong and his associates located a new village called Greentown, on the banks of the Black foik, and the stream was known to the surveyors and early settlers as Armstrong's creek.

It has been asserted that Thomas Lyons was a chief. He was only a warrior. On a few occasions he related his military achievements. He had been in many battles on the border, and taken many .scalps. When under the influence of " fire water" he related many acts of extreme cruelty, and a few of his barbarities, inflicted upon the wives and children of the border settlers.

I Like most of bis race, he delighted in the excitements of | war, and was easily induced to join his red brethren in j their attempt to expel the pale faces from the beautiful | hunting grounds of Ohio. When Harrnar, St. Clair and Wayne invaded the Indian country of the northwest in i79i-,2-'3-,4, 'Tom l.y ons joined Captain Pipe, Annstrong and other Delaware chiefs in an effort to expel the invaders. On one occasion, while stopping a night with Allen Oliver, father' of Lewis and Daniel, in Green township, he gave a very graphic description of the hattie of " Fallen Timbers." Lyons, Pipe, Armstrong, Montour, Baptiste Jerome, and other .Green town and Jerometovvn Indians were in the fight. Lewis Oliver, now eighty-one years of age, relates the conversation thus:

Tom 1 vors. "Him be great chief. He he one devil to fight. Me hear his dinner horn - way over there go toot, toot; then way over acre ii go toot, toot- - then way ov er other side, go toot toot. I hen his soldiers run forward - shoot, shoot: then run among logs and brush. Indians have got to get out and run. Then come Long Knives with pistols and shoot, shoot. Indians run, no stop. Old Tom see too much fight to be trap - -he run into woods - lie run like devil - he keep run till he clear out of danger. Wavne great tight- -brave white chief, lie be one devil."

Mr. Lewis Oliver states that while "Old Tom" was going Uuough this description of the fight, he gesticulated, grimaced and expressed as much emotion as if he I had been in the midst of the battle. In fact, terror was t evinced in the whole of the mimic battle he was then j lighting over. Add to this the fat 1 that he was perhaps j the ugliest Indian ever -ecu by the border settlers, and some idea of his emotions may be gleaned. Mr. Oliver thinks he was "about six feet high, quite lean - very like j a mummy in the consistence and color of his skin, with a long protruding chin, some missing teeth, short upper | lip, a low forehead, a protruding crown, jet eyes, very ' fierce and piercing, and wore a dress, never very tidy nor j clean." This was old "Tom Lyons." The war-like fire i of his youth had ceased to blaze. He was now an old man. He had long since given up the idea of driving back the pale faces. At this period, 18x1-12, he was ; quite friendly to the new settlers, hie had no wife. His j two sons, George and James, occasionally visited the j pioneers. George had the reputation of being a cruel and ill-tempered Indian; though he never molested the pioneers. Before the war of 1812, Tom Lyons, as I am informed by Mrs. James Irwin, daughter of Judge Peter Kinney, often came to her father's house in great haste, requesting him to hurry to Greentown and enforce quiet among the Indians, who were quarreling, and evinced an inclination to scalp each other. Mr. Kinney was then a justice of the peace, and was quite an influential man among his red-skinned neighbors.

When Captain Douglas and Cunningham removed the Greentown Indians, in the fall of 1812, Tom Lyons accompanied his people to UrbanaL A short time after the removal of the Indians, the Ruffner-Zimmer-Copus murders took place. The Greentown Indians were blamed for that invasion and those wanton assassinations.

and continued to hunt for six or eight years. Among | these were Torn Lyons, Hilly Dowdee, Jonacake, Buckwheat, and others not now recollected. Thomas Lyons visited his old friends in the neighborhood of Greentown, among others, Mrs. James Copus and her children, at the cabin where Mr. Copus had been killed. Mrs. Copus (as I am informed by Mrs. Sarah Vail, now seventysix years of age, and daughter of Mrs. Copus,) inquired of Tom Lyons whether lie was present and helped the Indians kill her husband on that frightful morning. Tom j Lyons said he was not; but he knew who did it, but ! could not help it, as many strange Indians were along. ; He manifested many regrets overtire tragedy; said, he 1 and Mr. Copus were good friends. On that fatal day, i the same band passed by Newell's, in Montgomery ! township, burned his cabin, and early next morning, through Carter's cornfield, toCuppy s cabin, burned it; then to Fry's, and burned it; and continued on towards Sandusky. Several years after, Tom Lyons explained this adventure to Daniel Carter, sr., who was undisturbed. He stated also, to Martin Mason, who originally had a mill where Leidigh's now stands, that he notified Fry and Guppy several days before, to leave, which was speedily done, and their families were saved from torture and death.

often visited the pioneers on his way to and from Goshen, in Tuscarawas county. He, cn several occasions, brought cranberries and a wild turkey which he had shot, to be dressed, stuffed and roasted by Mrs. Copus, after the manner of the whites. She always complied ; and when it was done, with many words of gratitude, "old Tom" would bundle it in his deer-skin pouch and proceed on his way to Goshen or to Sandusky, as the case might be.

He, on several occasions, accompanied by other Indians, stopped at the shop of Solomon Urie, father of Colonel George \V. Urie, in Orange township, to have their guns and tomahawks repaired. From there they proceeded to Mason's mill, to obtain meal and other provisions, in exchange for venison. Thence they would proceed to John Bryte's distillery, in Clearcreek, and then strike out through the forest.

About the fall of 1822, Lyons visited Mrs. Irwin, in Green township, for the last time. He had a strong attachment for his old friend, Peter Kinney. Almost as soon as he entered the house, he inquired if Mrs. Irwin had recently heard from Judge Kinney, who had removed to Illinois some years before. Mrs. Irwin says the poor old fellow put down his head, and muttered to himself: "My poor friend Kinney, I never see him any more. Peter Kinney was a good friend. Poor Peter Kinney, I never see him any more."'" After remaining a few hours, the old man departed. That was fiftyeight years ago. She says she never saw the old man again. Fie always behaved well at their house, and seemed to possess many good traits, although he had been reared amid the wilds of the forest, and among untamed savages. Fie never fully explained the reason that he received the name of Thomas Lyons. She thinks he had very little, if any, white blood in his veins. He at one time requested Judge Kinney to go with him to the Wyoming valley, in Pennsylvania, to act as his agent, where he said he owned a large tiact of land, for which the Government had never compensated him. But, for some reason, Judge Kinney could not accompany him.

At a treaty, in 1814-17, territory six miles south of Upper Sandusky was set apart, as a reservation for the Jerometown and Greentown Indians. A village was built there, called Pipetown, in honor of Captain Pipe, jr. , who, in conjunction with Silas Armstrong, son of Captain Thomas Armstrong, was made a half-chief over the remnant of Dc/awarcs there located.

Thomas Lyons resided at Pipestown, in Marion county, in 1S2 1-22-23, ami *n company with his son Tom, Billy Dowdee, and other Delawares, often hunted along the Whetstone 01 Olentangy. The old settlers along those streams the Shurracks, Berkleys, and others, were often visited by him in their cabin homes. Old 'lorn was very fond of repenting his war exploits along the Delaware, the Schuylkiil, the Wyoming valley and other localities in Pennsylvania, before the removal ol the JDt/a; -ctr, \ to the branches of the Mohi can, in Ohio.

Jt is now believed that the stories of his assassination by white hunters, are destitute of foundation, and that the old warrior died a natural death.

Christian Fast, Sr

As the full particulars of the capture' of Christian Fast, by the Delawares of Sandusky, have never appeared in print, it may be interesting to the pioneers of west Pennsylvania and Ohio to peruse a brief sketch of his life j among the red men of the Tymochtee,

In the month of June, 17S1, an expedition, composed \ ! of Indians and Canadians, destined to invade Kentucky, moved from their places of rendezvous at Detroit, the ; Sandusky, the Miami and the Wabash. The salient point of t'ne campaign was the falls of the .Ohio, or J Louisville, then containing only a few cabins, and a sfa , tion for soldiers to protect the scattered settlements of ! Kentucky against Indian invasion.

Colonel George Rogers Clark, the hero of Kaskaskia ' and St. Vincent, learning that an expedition, composed ; of British and Indians, was about to invade that region, | stationed a small body of troops at the village of Louis- j ville, to intercept the passage of war parties on their vaj | to the interior of Kentucky. His command. was soon j increased by the arrival of one hundred and fifty Pennsylvanians and Virginians, under the. command of Colo- j ncl Slaughter.

I who volunteered to accompany General Clark on the exj pedition. These volunteers embarked in boats at Wheeling, and moved down the river, in order to join the - troops of General Clark at the falls of the Ohio. On the twenty-fourth of August, Colon -1 Lcughery and his party passed the mouth of the Great Miami river, and ! soon afterward one of the boats was taken to the Kentucky side of the river, and a number of men, under the | command of Captain William Campbell, went' ashore for ! the purpose of cooking and eating some buffalo meat. ; The river was low, and the boat was fasteneo near a sand bar, While on shore, Colonel Loughery's forces I were attacked by a large body of Indians, and after a brief resistance the small expedition was forced to surrender. Forty men were killed. Colonel Lcughery was made prisoner, tomahawked and scalped. Sixty of Ids men were captured and taken to Detroit. See Dillon's history of Indiana, pages 173 4.

For reasons never fully explained, the British expedition, commanded by Colonel Byrd, on reaching the \ mouth of the Great Miami, changed its destination; and when the boats conveying his tioops, cannon and mil:- - tary stores, arrived on the Ohio river, instead of descending its rapid current, turned up the stream, and ascended j the lacking to its forks, where lie landed ins men and j munitions of war. It is probable the destination of Colonel Byrd' was changed in consequence of his advanced Indian spies and scouts coming in. contact with

Some thirty-five or forty miles above the falls, the boats of Colonel Slaughter, which were conveying horses and a few soldiers, became separated from the main body of the expedition in the night. At daylight the advanced boats drove an occasional stake near the shore, and attached written directions thereto, to guide the boats in the rear.

The boats thus abandoned being deprived of proper rations for the soldiers, had no alternative but to supply themselves with such game as could be obtained from the forest. Perceiving a buffalo heifer leisurely feeding a short distance from shore, the larger boat was shoved to a shoal and the heifer shot. It Was hastily skinned, a fire was built, and the soldiers proceeded to prepare breakfast.

While in the act of cooking the flesh of the heifer, the party was attacked by Indians, who were probably drawn to the spot by the sound of the guns. The frightened soldiers, who had neglected to station pickets, fled to the boat which had been stranded on the shoal, just as the smaller boats were making toward the shore for breakfast. They were unable to shove the boat to the current, and the Indians rushed down the shore firing into the boat, wounding and killing several of the men and horses.

All was consternation. Many of the soldiers endeavored to save themselves by. leaping overboard and attempting to swim to the opposite side of the- river, but, on reaching it, were again fired upon. Among those who fled to the opposite shore was Christian Fast, a youth of about seventeen years of age, who had volunteered as a cavalrv-man, from what is now Fayette county, Pennsylvania, then a part of Westmoreland county.

Young Fast was an expert swimmer. As the Indians rushed upon the men, he leaped ever the opposite side of the horse boat, and struck out boldly for the Kentucky shore, which he reached in safety. Just as he was about co arise from the water and ascend the bank, two or three Indians approached him, saving:

Knowing the savage character of the red man, he doubted their pacific intentions, and speedily turning about, started, for the middle of the river. He had scarcely got in motion, when they commenced to fire after him, a ball passing so near his head that it stunned him for a moment, by its concussion in the water, while another ball passed through the fleshy part of his thigh, making a painful wound, notwithstanding which, he suesceded in reaching the center of the river.

On reaching the main current, he found the boats had floated some distance from the stranded one from which he had fled, and he resolved to swim after and overtake a small horse boat which was a few raid:, in the rear o! the ; cs t. Aftei 1 vigorous exerl , aided by tl urreni and a shower of bullets from shore, lie reached the boa; just as she surrendered. The Indians boarded it at

After the prisoners had been deprived of all means of defence, the savages proceeded to strip them of such ; wearing apparel as they desired. In fact, the majority ' of the captives were left almost nude. The military suits with which the soldiers were clothed were deemed a God-ser.d to these children of the forest. The appearance of the captives was most disttessing; nevertheless ; resistance would have been rewarded with a cruel, lingering death by torture.

W hen the exulting savages had seemed such plunder I as they could carry away, it was put up in bundles and : their new prisoners were compelled to pack it. The ' whole party proceeded through the forest in the direc- -; tion of Upper Sandusky. The level lands along the j Ohio and the Miami, at that season, abounded in rank, - almost impenetrable, weeds, briars and nettles. The journey was a Severe ordeal.

Young Fast was small, had hair as black as a raven, dark eyes, and a swarthy skin; was exceedingly agile, and very slim and straight. His appearance pleased the Indians, and an old Delaware claimed him as his prisoner. The leader of the band was old Thomas Lyons, j On the route to Upper Sandusky, which was principally up the Great Miami until they reached the portage, the poor prisoners endured many hardships and cruelties.

Having been deprived of their clothing, the nettles, ; briars, weeds and undergrowth made fearful havoc with j their uncovered bodies, so much so, that on one occa- 1 sion, after they had been some hours in the forest, j young Fast put down his head and refused to proceed, telling his Indian master to tomahawk him. The old 1 warrior took pity on him, and returned most of his cloth- ! ing. His wound was becoming quite painful. The old | warrior assisted in dressing it until it healed.

After the war party had been two or three days in the ( forest, the Indians built a camp-fire and cleared a spot j for a dance. The prisoners were all tied so as to pre- j vent their escape. The savages engaged in the dance ! with much spirit, singing,, hopping, leaping, brandishing j their tomahawks and scalping knives, and grimacing in a 1 most frightful manner. Their music was a sort of wail, - between a shout and a moan, while a kind of time was I beaten on a brass kettle by a warrior.

. When the Indian dance had ended, the prisoners, one j by one, were untied and requested to give an exhibition j of their agility. With bodies torn and bruised, half i famished for want of food, wearied with the journey, j and almost nude, they endeavored to comply, knowing ! that a refusal would incur the hate and severity of their savage masters. When the time came for young Fast to dance, he felt it impossible to do so, ii consequence of i his painful wound, but fearing to incur the censure and I vengeance of the warriors, he said to his comrades.:

" Boys, I can't dance and run on my feet, but I can run 1 on my hands.-' So, limping into the ring, when the In- . dian music began, he proceeded a few steps, and then springing upon his hands, he elevated his feel, and com me need a sort of bear dance, accompanied by sundry

At first the savages seemed amazed at his performances, but soon began to applaud by the most 'uproarious laughter and shouts, some of them actually rolling on the ground in their merriment. After he had passed around the ring in this gymnastic, manner, several of the warriors who had been most delighted with his antics, put their hands on the ground and desired him to "do so more." He pointed to his wound and refused, saying, he was " too lame." His singular vivacity and good nature captivated the Indians, and from that time on, he was the hero of the party, and was no longer tied at night.

On reaching the Shawnee towns on the Great Miami, the prisoners were compelled to run the gauntlet for the amusement cf the old Shawnecs, the squaws and youth. Several of the prisoners were severely beaten, A man by the name of Baker, a silversmith by trade, from Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, was beaten almost to death. In his desperation, he ran past the councilhouse two or three times, being blinded by the blows and fright, and was about to sink, when a friendly voice directed him to enter the door. He did so and was spared. When this performance was going on, the old warrior who had young Fast in charge, shoved him hack among the Indians, and he did not have to undergo the punishment of the gauntlet

When the party arrived at Upper Sandusky, the prisoners were again compelled to undergo the ordeal of running the gauntlet. They were all handled very severely, but none of them were killed. Young Fast was again excused from the gauntlet by his Indian master. His wound, bv this time, had nearly healed. The surviving prisoners soon recruited from their fatigue, and were exchanged at Pittsburgh, and on the Muskingum.

Young Fast was retained, and adopted into an old Delaware family, in lieu of a son who had lost his life in a border skirmish. Flis hair was plucked out in the usual manner, leaving a small scalp-lock about the crown; his white blood was all washed away; his cars and the cartilage of his nose were perforated, and brooches placed therein. After this, he was dressed in Indian costume, his hair roaehed up, and filled with gaudy feathers. Being taken to the council-house, he was regularly indoctrinated as the son of the tribe. He received the name of Mo-lun-the. and was taken to the cabin, or wigwam, of his new parents.

Young Fast resided on the banks of the Tymochtee about two years. He was treated very kindly by his Indian mother. He had an Indian brother, by the name of Ke-was-sa, to whom he became much attached. They often hunted coon and other game. On one occasion, Ke-was-sa invited young Fast to accompany him to hunt bear. After traveling some distance in the fuiest, they discovered evidences <>t the ascent of a bear up a large elm, which was hollow near the top. After trying some time, in won, to rouse the bear from its retreat, it was proposed that a tree, which stood at a piopcr distance from the elm, should be felled, in such a man ner as to lean against the elm, to enable young Fast to climb to the hole, and smoke bruin out with punk and rotten wood. The tree was cut, and fell against the elm. Young Fast, being expert in climbing, ascended it to the proposed point, and commenced operations with a view of smoking bruin into a surrender. Kewassa placed himself in a position, gun in hand, where he could welcome the bear, on its appearance, to a smell . of powder. Young Fast lighted the dry tinder and threw it into the hole, but bruin failed to make his appearance. While engaged in this fruitless enterprise, a strong ! breeze struck (he leaning tree, and it fell to the ground.

was alarmed for his safety. There could be no help, for the only tree in the vicinity had been cut. After gazing at young Fast some time, without being able to -offer assistance, he hastened to the camp, several miles away, expecting that iris new. brother would be dashed to pieces.

Taking in the situation at a glance, young Fast concluded that he only hazarded his life by remaining where he was; and the attempt to descend could result in nothing niore than death, but might terminate in safety | Summoning all his strength, he grasped the rough bark with his hands, at the same time making good use of his feet and legs, and commenced the descent, moving cautiously, until he came within fifteen or eighteen feec of the ground, when his strength so far failed him, that he was compelled to relax his grip and slid down, mangling his hands, and the inside of his arms and legs badly. On reaching the ground he was considerably stunned, but ! soon revived and started for the camp, where he arrived amidst the grief of his Indian mother and brother, who had given him up as lost.

On one occasion, after he had been a captive over a jear, when all the warriors were absent from the village, his Indian mother having also left the camp fot a short time, he became very melancholy. Thoughts of home j stole upon him. Fie left the wigwam and proceeded a ! short distance into the forest, and seating himself upon a log, soon became absorbed in meditation. W1 iie thus musing, he was interrupted by a stranger, who suddenly appeared and confronted him. Discovering his etnbar- - rassment and dejection, the stranger said in the Delaware language :

After some further conversation, he learned that the stranger was none other than that terror of the pioneers, the renegade, Simon dirty. Young Fast afterward bej came well acquainted with Girty, and was the recipient j of many favors at his hands. In fact, dirty's assurance | that he would again see his home in Pennsylvania, greatly j revived his drooping spirits and led him to believe ilmt } Forty, though often denounced by the pioneers a- a vil-

! lain, a demon in human shape, was not destitute of sym- ! pathy and kindness, though, associating with the fierce ! red men of the northwest.

! leading Delaware chiefs, resided, when in their villages, in that region of Ohio. After the rout of Crawford's - army, when the Colonel was brought back a prisoner,

; Mr. Fast was present and saw him. He was in hearing ' distance when the Delawares tortured the Colonel, and . could hear his groans. Fie was so much affected that he left the spot in company with his Indian brother and mother. Mr. Fast, in his lifetime, often related incidents j connected with the unfortunate expedition of poor Crawford. As they have been repeated by Dr. Knight, Slover. and Heckeweider, it is unnecessary to narrate them here.

Shortly after the execution of Crawford, Mr. Fast was I urged to marry a young squaw, a daughter of an Indian family cf some distinction. He was then about nineteen : years of age. It was a question of much delicacy, and | required a good deal of tact to repel the proposal in : such manner as to avoid offence. When the subject : was again seriously pressed upon his attention, he imi- J mated he was only a boy, and was too young to marry.

J that no man should marry until iie had become a good ; hunter, and could provide meat. Not being the owner i of a gun, it would be impossible for him to supply the i quantity of game required for food. Moreover, he thought he could net get along without a cow, an essential to every person designing to marry. As soon as i these could be procured he would gladly consent. He j professed much admiration for the young squaws, and intimated he could easily select a wife front among them, if his terms could be met. It was agreed his ideas were correct, and that he should accompany the first cxped: ion to the settlements along the Ohio, and the first j gun captured should be his, and on returning lie should be permitted to bring bark a cow.

In August, 17S2, there was a grand council at Chilli cothe. on or near the Great Miami, in which the Jljardots , Delawares, Ottawa s, iWygv-q Slunarees, Mia nils and Pottaivatomies participated. Simon Girty, KUioii and McKee were present, and addressed the assembled warrior ;. The council resolved to raise two armies, one of six hundred men, and the other of three hundred and fifty, the larger to march into Kentucky, and the smaller into western Virginia and Pennsylvania. By the last of August, the greater army appeared under the lead of Simon Girty, at Bryant's station, in the territory of kt ntucky. The story is narrated in ah the histories of Ken 1 tucky.

The Indian forces destined to operate against the border .settlements of Virginia and Pennsylvania, delayed their nuuch until a runner brought ti lings of success from Kentucky. Some tour hundred fierce \\ irriors assembled on the Samluskv, and were aimed and equipped uv the agents of the British. 1 1 e -riors were dresst 1 and painted in the most fantastic manner, their hair, be- I ing gathered in a sort of cue and drawn through a tin ! tube, was ornamented by colored hawk or eagle quills. I With scalping knives, tomahawks and guns, they present- : ed .i formidable appearance. For many days and nights j before the expedition started, their wild orgies echoed through the forests. Speeches, dances, and the like, ac- i companied by threats of extermination against the white : race, were common.

Young Fast was painted in true warrior style, his hair j being pul up in a cue and drawn through a tin tube, and I ornamented with feathers. He was furnished a toma- j hawk, scalping-knife, and bow, and told he might accom- j pany the expedition. Before departing, he buried, in a j secure place, his fancy brooches and other ornaments of j silver, so that if he ever returned he could reclaim ! them. The expedition passed down the old Wyandot i trail through what are now Crawford, Richland and Ash- j land counties, by Mohican Johnstown; thence near the j ruins of the Moravain towns on the Tuscarawas. Arriv- j ing at that point, a difference of opinion arose as to the : exact destination of the expedition.

After some consultation in council, as the expedition j to Kentucky was proving successful, it was decided that ! the Indian army should proceed to and attack the small j fort or block-house at what is now the city of Wheeling, West Virginia. On the approach of the Indian army, the expedition was discovered by John Lynn, a noted spy and frontier hunter, who was scouting through the j forests and watching the Indian paths west of the Ohio, j He hastened to the stockade and gave the alarm. The -stockade had no regular garrison, and had to be defended exclusively by the settlers who sought security within its walls. On the arrival of Lynn, all retired within the stockade, except a family of Zanes; and when the attack ! began, there were but about twenty efficient men to op- j pose nearly four hundred savages, led on by Simon Girty. j

The Indian army soon crossed the Ohio rivei, and ap- j proathed the stockade waving British colors. An immediate surrender was demanded. Colonel Silas Zane j responded by firing at the flag borne by the savages. I The assault was commenced bv the Indians, and kept up I briskly for three days and nights, but each attack was j successfully repelled by the little garrison. While the I men within were constantly engaged in firing at the ene- i my, the women moulded bullets, loaded and handed guns to the men, and by this means every assault was j repulsed. The galling fire poured upon the savages exasperated them to madness. In the night they attempted j to burn Zane's house, from which they had suffered most, but through the vigilance of Sam, a colored man, their intentions were thwarted.

On the return of light, or, the second day, the savages, 1 after some delay, renewed the siege. A wooden cannon, loaded with balls captured from a small boat on its way to the falls of the Ohio, was pointed towar Is the stockade, and, amid the yells of the infuriated Indians, discharged. They expected to see a section, of the stock ado blown to splinters, and. an opening for the warriors created. I he cannon exploded, and the fragments flew in every direction. Several of the warriors were wounded and a number killed, and all were appalled at the result. Recovering from their dismay, and being furious from disappointment, they again pressed to the assault with renewed energy. They were as often repelled by the deadly aim of the little garrison, and forced to retire.

The third day the siege was renewed with terrible -ferocity; but every attempt to storm the fort was success fully resisted. In the afternoon, despairing of success, the Indians resolved to change their programme. About one hundred warriors remained to annoy the stockade, lay waste the country, and scour the neighboring settlements. The balance of the army crossed the Ohio, and made a feint of returning to Sandusky, but the next morning re-crossed the river above the stockade, and divided into two parties, and hastened towards the settlements about Fort Rice, some forty miles away, in what is now Washington county, Pennsylvania.

On the third night of the siege, learning of the departure of a pari of the Indian army, and presuming the savages were about to invade his old home, young Fast resolved, if possible, to effect his escape. Late in the night, while reposing beside his Indian brother on res blanket, on the ground, the memory of his home and dear friends came fresh to his recollection, and knowing the whole settlement was imperiled by the approach of his savage companions, intent on revenge and blood, he could not sleep. Ka-vva-sa, his Indian brother* wearied with the exertions of a three days' siege, slept soundly. K nowing the nature of an Indian, when profoundly slumbering, young Fast attempted to awaken ins Indian brother, stating that he was very thirsty and desired him to go with him to the river for water. He refused to rise, telling Molunthe to wait until morning.

Permitting his brother to return to his state of stupor for some time, he again made an effort to arouse him. insisting drat he could not wait, but must have water. The Indian, having full confidence in young Fast, as a brother, told him to go himself, as no one would harm him. He was but too happy to comp ly. Taking a small copper kettie, he hastened to the river bank and placed the kettle in a position that might imply that he had fallen into the stream, been drowned and floated down the current. Then carefully wending his way through the Indian lines, he proceeded across the hills and valleys in the direction of Fort Rice, on Buffalo creek, some fifteen or twenty miles from his old home. He groped his way among rocks, down declivities and across small streams, sometimes falling headlong down the embankments, and about daylight became exhausted from t uLe.c and want of food, arid was compelled to seek repose at the base of a sleep bluff, in a thicket of undergrowth; and while rest in here, could distin tl he tl : warrior- conversing. A short distance hence the trail divided.

taking a ridge midway between the trails. P.y a vigor ous exertion ho got in advance of the savages, and when within about two miles of the fort, he discovered a white man approaching with a bridle and halter in his hand. Springing behind a large tree, he waited until the settler arrived within a few feet of his concealment, when he stepped into the path and confronted him. The white man was taken by surprise and trembled with fear, and was about to flee for life, when the supposed warrior addressed him in English, briefly informing him who he was, wire re he was going, the approach of the warriors and the danger that environed the settlement. Calmed by the assurances of present safety, the white man caught his horses, which were near, and he and young Fast mounted and hastened to the fort and spread the alarm, and succeeded in gathering the settlers in the vicinity into it before the savages appeared. The fort consisted of a strong block-house, surrounded by several cabins of the settlers. When all the men were gathered in, there were only six.

The savages approached with much assurance, and offering to spare all the prisoners, i. the little band would surrender. Young Fast assured the inmates that, the cold steel of the tomahawk would be the price of such an indiscretion. Their proffers of safety were not accepted. A fierce assault at once commenced. The siege was kept up all day and night ; but the little fort held out. Several of the savages were wounded, and the warriors finally despairing of success, suddenly withdrew and spread among the scattered settlements in detached parties, burning houses, and shooting cattle and hogs. They had probably learned the approach of Colonel Swearinger with relief for Wheeling, that was yet beleaguered by the red fiends.

After the retirement of the savages, young Past hastened to his old home, painted and dressed as an Indian warrior. On arriving at the cabin of his parents in what is now Fayette county, he so nearly resembled a wild Indian warrior of the wilderness that his parents were unable to distinguish him. Indeed, they were much alarmed at his presence, fearing he was a genuine savage acting as a decoy. He attempted to calm their fee's by assuring them, in their own tongue, that his name was Fast, and that he was really their own son ! At length his mother, recalling some peculiarity about the pupils of his eyes, and some spots on his breast, recognized him, and rushing forward to embrace him in her arms, was told not to do so, as he was covered with vermin from the Indian camps. The tube in which his scalp lock was enclosed was removed, and he repaired to an out-building where his infected garments were taken off and burned. Soap and water soon removed the encrusted paint and soil from Iris person, when he stored him to hrs status as a white man. The joy of Iris parents on his safe return home, scarcely knew bounds. A full detail of Iris adventures was given, and often repeated to inquiring friends.

| ried, and remained until the spring of 1S15, when he J removed with his family to what is now Orange townj ship, Ashland county, Ohio, and settled about half a i mile southeast of tire Vermillion lakes. When Mr. Fast ! and family arrived at the lakes, he found a number of In- | dians encamped near where he subsequently erected a cabin. He built a fire and his wife proceeded to prepare I supper, surrounded by a dense forest. While in the act of cooking, their little company was alarmed by the ap- : pearance of eight or ten Indians, headed by an old warrior ! who was extremely ugly, shriveled in flesh, and ferocious ; in appearance. They had just discovered their new | neighbors, and came to see who they were. On approachj ing within a few feet of Mr. Fast and his children, who were seated on a log near where Mrs. Fast was preparing supper, the old Indian looked steadfastly at Mr. Fast for I a moment, and then rushing forward exclaimed, j Molunthe! at the same time offering his hand in token

The old warrior was Thomas Lyons, who was present j at the capture of Mr. Fast, on the Ohio, some thirty-five 1 years prior to that time, and was along with the expedi- ! tion to Wheeling when his favorite young warrior,

| Molunthe, made his escape. The Indians had never 1 suspected him of desertion, but had always believed lie i had, in the darkness, fallen into the river and drowned, j On finding him here alive, "old Tom," manifested much | gratification, and gave many tokens of a friendship that remained very cordial up to 1S2.2, the last appearance of the Delawares in this region. During the ensuing seven ! years, the Delawares often encamped in tire vicinity, rei garding Mr. Fast and family as oi their tribe. They fre- ; qirently went into his cabin in the evening and danced I after the Delaware manner, making rude music, by pounding on a stool and singing, while the dancers hop- | ped about the room, flourishing their scalping-knives, shouting and keeping time to the music.

In the fall of 1S10, old Thomas Lyons and a party of Delawares had a feast, on what is now known as the ]ohn Freeborn farm, southwest of Savannah, to which Mr. Fast and his sons were invited. Being unable to be 1 present, his sons Nicholas and Francis, aged respectively twenty-five and fifteen, attended. The feast was in j their camp. There were present some fifty or sixty In- | dians, and no wiiites, except the Fasts. A large black bear had been roasted and boiled. The body being roasted, was cut into small slices, and handed around j on new bark plates. The head and feet, unskinned, j were boiled in a copper kettle, and a sort of soup made therefrom, which was handed around in wooden ladles.

: Nicholas and Francis partook, courteously, with the Indians. The roast was elegant, but the soup was not relished. At the conclusion of the feast, Lyons insisted on painting Francis. Indian fashion. The boj readily

submitted, for the fun of the thing. "Old 'l orn" laid on a good coat of vermillion, which gave him the appearance of a young Indian. The paint was so adhe-

| sive that, when he returned home, he was unable to remove it for a lone time: and was afterwards known as "Indian Frank.'' Billy Montour, Jim J irk. Monos, Jona-

Christian Fast had nine sons, Jacob, Martin, William, | Nicholas, David, Francis, George, Christian, and John; j and four daughters, Margaret, Barbara, Isabel, and j Christena. Jacob, aged 84, William 78, and George 65, | remain in Orange township.

George And Elizabeth Foulks

About the year 1774, the parents of George Foulks ; located in the midst of the dense forest m the northwest j corner of what is now Washington county, Pennsylvania, ; near the Ohio river. The family of Mr. Foulks con- j sisted of three boys and two or three girls. He was 'j quite poor, and had ventured to improve his fortunes j amid the dangers surrounding the border settlers. He ! had lived some years in the city of Philadelphia, where i most of his children were born. When he moved to his new home, the Delaware and Wyandot Indians vis- j ited that region in great numbers in search of game. The colonies had been greatly oppressed by Great Britain, and were just on the verge of a revolt. Her agents j and traders were busy in alienating and exciting the savages against the rebel inhabitants of the colonies, as they were then denominated.

It was the custom of many of the settlers of that region, in the spring of the year, to cross the Ohio - which them runs nearly west for many miles - -in canoes, to \ make sugar on the fine bottoms. John, George and Eliz- j abeth Foulks, aged respectively nineteen, six and seven- I teen years, crossed the river in company with their father and erected a m at camp house of small poles, and a fur- j nace, in which they placed kettles to boil sap.* After ; tapping a large number of sugar trees, Mr. Foulks re- [ crossed the river to his cabin, leaving John, Elizabeth, 1 and George to gather and boil the sugar water. This was early in March, 1777. After they had been thus en- j gaged several days, one evening about aim o'clock, while : the moon was shining brightly, the camp-house was approached by five or six Wyandot Indians, well armed. , They had been attracted by the camp-fire. When they arrived within a short distance of the camp John Foulks discovered their approach, and judging the visit to be hostile, fled in the direction of the Ohio river, where he hoped to cross in a canoe left near the north bank of that stream, leaving his little sister and brother to the mercy of the savages. The Indians followed him with a dog, and he had lied hut a short distance, when they j

* George Foulks never became a citizen of this county. Two or three of his brothers settled in Kichland county, one Jncob Fouik* in < Clearcreek, now Ashland log ty. Wo insert tl i skcvjb. :h tt tin* vr may learn the trial, and a. mad rmnlition ol ihi n.jr:tur >' from 1701 to 171)5. This t adleiaan I. hi 1 k it' d in dia north part of ivieliiai'd overtook him, and insisted on his surrender and return; but continuing to retreat, several of the warriors discharged their guns after him, and he was mortally wounded, fell, and soon expired. His scalp was taken, and they hastily returned to the camp, where George and Elizabeth had, been taken without resistance.

The Indians hastily entered the forest in a westerly direction, ordering Elizabeth and George, in. broken English, to follow. They were much terrified, but complied promptly. They traveled some miles, when their prisoners were secured, and all slept on the leaves. Early the next morning, the Indians arose, and broiled slices of venison, on which ali breakfasted, and continued their flight nearly west all day, and again slept as they had done before. During their progress through the forest, they crossed a number of small streams on logs or poles. While crossing one, some three feet deep', an Indian who walked behind George, in sport, pushed him off the log, and he was thoroughly saturated. At this, the Indians all laughed heartily. George refrained from showing temper, but resolved to retaliate the first opportunity. The next day they came to another stream somewhat more swollen, and had to cross it on a log. The Indian who had pushed him in the day before, pointed to the log, desiring him to lead again. George refused the honor of leading, and fell in behind the Indian. They had gone about half over, when George caught the belt of the Indian, and giving him a sudden twitch, the savage fell into the stream nearly neck deep. He waded out, venting all sorts of threats and imprecations on George for his temerity. The Indian was thoroughly soaked, and his comrades gave vent to the most uproarious merriment over the incident. This calmed the fury of the enraged Indian, and changed his revenge to admiration. The little captive was regarded from that time with favor, and as much tenderness as if he were a real Indian. They traveled a little southwest until they reached the old trail which passed near the present site of Wooster, to a village then known as Mohican Johnstown, near the present site of Jerome ville, in Ashland county. They were several days in reaching this point, and. being unaccustomed to the Indian mode of preparing food, which consisted almost wholly ol venison, without salt, bread, or even parched corn, the prisoners were very hungry. They remained at Mohican Johnstown several days, and then continued along the trail in a northwest direction across what is now Ashland and Richland counties to Snipestown, an Indian vilEuc near tlu: present site of Rome. Here they found a largo number of Wyandot s who rejoiced at the success of the cantors, who proved to be of that nation or tribe. Here the scalp halloo was given, as at Mohican Johnstown, but at neither place were they required to run the gauntlet.'

They remained at Snipestown some days. This village was named after a leading warrior and chief who resided there, and was much esteemed by his people. From this village they continued along the Id trail to

Upper Sandusky, the principal town and headquarters j of i he Wyandot warriors. When they came in sight of j the village, the scalp halloo was again given, and large j numbers sallied out to meet the warriors. George was \ again . pared the pain of running the gauntlet.

He was given to an old squaw who had some time before lost a son on an excursion to the Pennsylvania border. She was the reputed mother of seven sons, all j brave warriors and noted among the Wyandots. His sister was claimed by another warrior, and was given to an Indian family in Lower Sandusky to be taught the manner-, and duties of a squaw. George remained at Upper Sandusky with his new mother, who treated him with much tenderness. He attracted a good deal of ati tendon, and soon formed an acquaintance with the Inj dian youths of his village. He was clothed and habited I in all respects as an Indian, and soon learned to talk ! their language, and became accustomed to their mode , of preparing food, and their bark wigwams or huts. He ! was taught the use of the bow - their gymnastic exur- J cises - wrestling - foot-racing - -playing ball and other J sports, and soon became contented with his new mode of life. He occasionally met his sister, who was equally fortunate in securing a good Indian mother, who did not I require her to perform all the drudgery of a common squaw.

It was the custom of the Wyandots , in the spring of the year, to scatter to various points in the fore's!:, in ; small bands, to make sugar. The first year or two after I George had been captured, he was required to assist in gathering the sap in small bark buckets to be evaporated in brass and copper kettles by the squaws. Never relishing hard work, he disliked his new vocation. The water was caught in bark vessels prepared for the purpose, and when it flowed freely, the task of gathering it | was quite laborious. After worrying several days in a j vain effort to keep pace with the flow of sap, George j conceived a plan of relieving a portion of his roil ! j When he emptied the vessels, he slightly perforated the bottom and a large share of the sap escaped, in this j way his toil was reduced, to the confusion of the squaws, j who were unable to penetrate the mystery. A discovery ! of his trick would have resulted in many stripes; but fortunately, the difficulty was not solved.

The following autumn the Indian mother and father of George, and a number of Wyandots were encamped neat Snipestown. An incident occurred that made a very strong impression upon George. It was this: The Indians brought in a white hoy who had been captured on tire borders of Pennsylvania. The poor little captive was offered to an Indian woman whose son had been ! killed by the "Long Knives," in lieu of her child. She I scornfully rejected the proposition, declaring "Me no : take white rebel for my son." Upon consultation, the little boy was ordered to be executed, and the time and place fixed. Sometime in the afternoon, on the day prior to the lime appointed, George and a number of Indian boys were playing a little distance from his mo. her s hut. She called him to hei and toid him the white hoy was to be killed the next morning, and lie should not be so merry. This reproof arrested his sport. His sympathies were deeply moved. The next morning the captiv e was bound to a log to be slain. At this time, a number of Delawares were encamped not a great distance from Snipestown. They somehow learned the Wyandots had determined to execute the rejected prisoner, and a warrior conceived the idea of rescuing him. lie hurrried into the Wyandot camp, and coming to the place where the prisoner was bound, struck the cords by which he was fettered, with his tomahawk, and severing them, carried off the boy, to the astonishment of the Wyandots. The boy afterwards escaped and returned to his friends.

When George reached the proper age, he was adopted after the manner of the Wyandots. passing through all their ceremonies, and was given an Indian name, Ha-enye-ha, or my brother, which he retained. During the period of his indoctrination into Indian customs, modes of hunting and fishing, he often accompanied his Indian parents and other members of the tribe through the north part of what are now Richland, Ashland and Wayne counties; and sometimes nearly to Beaver county, Pennsylvania, during which excursions he learned the names of the streams, ail the good camping points, the best springs and the principal resorts of game. In fact, he became a thorough woodsman, an accomplished hunter, and an Indian in taste, dress and habits. Snipestown was a favorite Indian village, and he spent a large share of his captivity there, occasionally visiting Upper and Lower Sandusky and Cranestown with the warriors and hunters.

Many times during his captivity the Indians suffered for food. After the hunting seasons, when they had plenty of venison and hominy, bears oil and sugar, they lived extravagantly. For many weeks their chief occupation was visiting, dancing and feasting, which continued until their stores of provisions were consumed. At this point, the burners and warriors were compelled to sally forth to renew their stores of venison and bear's meat. On many occasions Geoige and his Indian mother were so nearly starved that they were compelled to gather the old bones about their wigwam, crack and reboil them for soup, after they had been bleaching in the sun attcl air icr many months. These messes were, to him, very savory, and quitc a luxury, at such periods.

The Indian women were very industrious, and. hoed the corn, chopped the wood, did all the cooking, built the camp fires, and, in fact, were literally slaves for their red-skinned lords. They made sugar in the spring, fried out the bear's oil, jerked the venison and buffalo meat, pounded and prepared the hominy and ['arched corn for the haughty warriors.

Towards the close of the Revolutionary war George often accompanied the warriors to the borders, but was always very reticent about the mischief done during those excursions. In fact, he had been so thoroughly imb-'ti mated in Indian serresy, that very little, it anything. could be learned of him concerning the warlike expeditions of the Wyandots. I le was at sevetal Indian consultations at Gr.uv.stow n, some four miles north of the present s»te 1 Upper butidusky. lie theta met the noted Simon Girty and several British agents. Their council-house was of bark, and was seventy five or one hundred feet long and perhaps twenty feet wide. Tarhe, or as he was sometimes called, King Crane, was rising into influence and power as a chief among the Wyandots. lie there met many other chiefs and warriors, and learned the particulars of the capture and execution of Colonel William Crawford by the Delawares, being, himself, too young to witness that battle.

When he was about twenty years of age, he obtained a sort of furlough to hunt in the east, near the Ohio river, and stealthily visited his old home. Fie was then a complete Indian, in dress, language and manners ; and loved the nomadic life of his people. His parents offered every motive for his return to civilized life, but in vain. He determined to return to the home of the red man. This was in the fall of 1786. He had then been with the Indians about twelve years.

In 1789-90 active hostilities were carried on between the Indians and the settlers in West Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky. It is believed that George Foulks accompanied the Wyandots and Delawares against Flarmar arid St. Clair, though he was always silent on the subject. In 1790 the Wyandots were very anxious on the subject of war then approaching. They feared the "Long Knives" - Sarayumigh , would prevail. One of their prophets or medicine men, took a lot of charcoal, and pounding it into a sort of powder, placed it upon a piece of bark, and then drew a rude map of the country, its rivers, lakes, Indian trails, and the probable route of the invaders. They then took a flint and steel and fired a piece of punk and applied it to the points where Harmar and his army would be most apt to attack the Indian territory. The fire gradually spread from the points ignited. The Indians watched it attentively. When the charcoal ceased to burn, the Indians formed into a double file and simultaneously fired their guns. After which they stood quietly watching a dark cloud that was floating over. In a few seconds, the sound of their guns was distinctly heard in the clouds. The Indians regarded this as a good omen and shouted over the result, stating that the white warriors would not succeed that year. They at once began to prepare for war. The result is too well known for repetition. Disaster met the frontier soldiers at every point.

About the year 17S8, George Foulks was persuaded to marry a Wyandot woman, and fuilv identify himself with the fortunes of his people. He had two children by bis Wyandot wife; but, like Jonath.ni Alder, finally tired of the Indian mode of living. His people were so frequently involved in war with the whites that there was great danger of final extermination. Looking the whole field over, he concluded to abandon the Wxandots and return to civilized life. The Wyandot warriors discovered by his manner that something was wrong, and watched his motions closely. The real difficulty was, tiie Indians insisted that he should become :: real warrior, and accompany them against St. Clan ami Wayne. He de< lined to do so, and slyly departing from his wigwam, took the most direct route for his old home in

| Washington county, Pennsylvania. The warriors soon i discovered his desertion, and several of them took the i trail and gave chase. Suspecting this, he traveled with i the utmost speed, and when about exhausted, and likely to be overtaken in crossing a principal stream on the route, he concealed himself beneath driftwood, thrusting all but his head under the water. While in this retreat,

1 several of the warriors walked on the drift, arid gave | utterance to their indignation, saying they would punish him severely if they caught him, for the perfidy of de- , sorting his tribe. The sound of their voices gradually | died away and all became quiet. He cautiously emerged, i and finding the warriors had disappeared, proceeded on his way, and finally reached his old home in safety. He was soon noticed by Brady, Sprott, McConnell and other scouts in the government employ, and had some adventures. He did not enter very zealously, however, the field against the Wyandots. Lie had always been treated by them as if he had been born amongst them, and was ! a real Indian. After the battle of Fallen Timbers," and peace had been declared, the Wyandots frequently returned to hunt, fish, and sell their peltry in the city of Pittsburgh. After his return home he married a daughter of Henry Ullery, and located near the present site j of the village of Darlington, in Beaver county, Pennsylj vama.

Shortly after he located, he was requested by a Mr. Castlyman to go to Upper Sandusky and rescue his daughters from captivity. Two daughters of Mr. Castleman, Mary, aged thirteen, and Margaret, aged nine, had been captured in a sugar camp near the banks of the | Ohio river some years prior to the proposed rescue. The I Indians had taken the captive girls to Green town, on the j Black fork, and sold the youngest to an English trader by the name of McIntosh, while Mary was taken to Upper Sandusky and adopted. "Margaret was taken to Detroit, sent to school, and finally, through the traders, returned to her parents. Mary married a half-breed | named Abram Williams, by whom she had two children, j George and Sally. Williams loved fire-water, and, when under its influence, was jealous and very cruel to his wife. He often threatened to tomahawk her. Regarding her life as being in peril, she managed to convey ! word of her whereabouts to her parents, through the j traders, who often visited Pittsburgh. George Foulks I consented to attempt to rescue her from her perilous sii- I uation. He passed, alone, through the dense forests, up | the well-worn Indian trails to Upper Sandusky, where he j met Williams, and proposed to take his wife home on a i visit. Williams became angry and threatened to scalp Foulks if he attempted such an enterprise. Foulks desisted from further interviews with Williams. From his long residence with the Wyandots, lie had many confidential friends among the warriors. He, therefore, re- 1 sorted to stratagem. He proposed to an old Indian if he would secretly take Mary awav, he would give him a barrel of whiskey and a lot of trinkets. \ 'tot some parleying, the Indian consented the "lire -watv' " was so tempting he could not resist. The warrior, in company 1 with Mrs. Williams, left the village without e.vciting sas pit ion, and passed down the old Wyandot trad which ran very near the present site of Olivesburgh to Jerometown, while Loulks remained one day and then proceeded by a. circuitous route to reach the same place. On arriving near Jerometown he gave a signal, and the Indian and Mrs Williams joined him in the forest. He had arranged with a trader for the whiskey and trinkets for the Indian upon his return. Foulks and Mrs. Williams continued along the trail near the present site of Wooster, and safely reached the residence of Castlcman, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Williams regretted very much to leave her children, but an attempt to take them along would have proved fatal. She never met them again. Sally grew up and married a famous hunter by the name of Solomon Jonacake, who was well known to the pioneers of Ashland and Richland counties. This was the last Indian exploit ol George Foulks.