Vermillion Township (part 1 of 6)

Methodist Episcopal

There is a church building belonging to this denomination on the land of McClure Davis, within about a mile and a half of the south line of the township, which was erected in 1852. The building is known by the name of "Hammond's Meeting-House." The pulpit is supplied during the current year by Rev. Mr. Starr and Rev. Mr. SpafFord.

The officers of the church are, J. B. Smith, Steward ; Class Leaders, Benjamin Cole and H. B. Davis, J. B. Smith, Benjamin Cole, McClure Davis, Z. Baker, Wm. Lattimore, H. B. Davis, and John Van Gilder. The present membership amounts to about forty.

German Evangelical

This church, in the pleasant and flourishing " Risser Settlement," was reorganized in 1860. The house was built in 1847 by the Mennonites, a denomination that embraced about fifteen families. Rev. John Risser was the first pastor, but resigned after about three years' service. The church officers were Christian Herschler and John Latschar. After this one-half interest in the house was sold to the Germans of other denominations, and were served by Lutheran ministers until 1860. The name of its present pastor is Rev. M. Kroenlein. The church officers are C. Vesper, Andrew Rohletter, F. Long, and G. Smith. Number of members about sixty. The dimensions of the house are 28 by 36 feet, and will accommodate about one hundred and seventy-five persons with seats.

Church Of God

A church of this name, more generally known as Winebrenarian, was organized in Vermillion Township, in 1S35, with about twenty members. Rev. Thomas Hickernell and Rev. Jacob Keller were the first pastors. Michael Stevens and Archibald McGrew were the first elders. The church building is near the east hne of Vermillion Township. Its dimensions are 30 by 40 feet, and will accommodate a congregation of three hundred and fifty. The membership now amounts to eighty. Rev. L. B. Hertman is the present pastor; Benjamin Roller, elder, and Abraham Stevens, deacon.

Henry Andress

Henry Andress, an emigrant from "Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, removed with his family to Montgomery Township, in September, 1826. lie is now a resident of Vermillion. As incidents of public importance which occurred within his knowledge are related by others, his reminiscences are omitted.

Sterling G. Busiinell. .. '

Sterling G. Bushnell immigrated to the farm now occupied by his son Thomas, one mile east of IIa3^esville. May 20, 1821. The family of sons and daughters then consisted of William, Sedelia, Collins, Jotham, Huldah, Rosella, Homer, Olive, and Thomas.

At this date (1821) the place now occupied by the original town of Ilayesville was an entire wilderness, without a dwelling or family. Linus Hayes dwelt in

About 1823 or 1824 a very small cabin and blacksmith-shop were erected on the lot now owned by Dr. Armstrong, on the northwest corner of the principal streets. These buildings (if they cauld be dignified with the name) were the first erected within what was the original town. The first building in which goods were sold was upon the same lot, erected by Mr. John Cox, who filled it with the first stock of goods that were brought to the town.

The first wheat, within the recollection of Mr. Bushnell, offered for cash, was about 1822 or 1823, at the mill built by Lake and Bentley, and at the time referred to owned by Lake and Larwill, and which mill was better known in recent times as Goudy's mill, in the southeast part of Yermillion Township. One hundred bushels were offered on this occasion for twenty-five dollars, but Mr. Bushnell is not positive whether the offer was accepted.

The original proprietors of the town of Hayesville were Rev. John Cox and Linus Hayes. As the Loudonville and Ashland, and Wooster and Mansfield roads crossed at this point, Mr. Cox concluded that it might be the site of a future town. He accordingly gave notice of a sale of lots, and on the day named a considerable number assembled to attend the sale. The business opened in the forenoon, and the auctioneer, John Shriver, expended his "yelloquence" in vain on the advantages offered, for no bids whatever could be obtained. At noon Mr. Cox despaired of being the founder of a town in this locality, and offered his whole farm for three hundred dollars. Even this offer, however, he could persuade no one to accept.

In tills extremity some one suggested that whisky possessed a virtue in these matters which might insure better success. A jug of that beverage was tlierefore obtained, a quantity of poke berries placed in it, and, under the name of "cherry bounce," offered the crowd, who partook of it h^eely. After a little " things worked," tlie services of John Shriver were dispensed with, and T. J. Bull, of Loudonville, mounted a cliestnut stump which stood about the place now occupied by the town fountain, where the principal streets cross, and again offered the first lots in the embryo town of Hayesville. After a little effort the first lot (tlie one now occupied by Armentrout & Son) was sold to David Richmond (a shoemaker) for seventy-five dollars. At the close of the da}- a mere fraction of the land, which at noon he liad offered for three hundred dollars, had been sold for more than twice that amount. Great is whisky, and great are sometimes its conquests.

William is a resident of Mansfield, a well-known physician of that city, and has represented very creditably his county in the General Assembly of Ohio. Sedelia is the wife of James Conley, and with their family are residing in Iowa. Collins died in Louisiana in 1832. Jotham was drowned in Conoma River, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, June, 1837, where he was buried, and in 18G0 his body was exhumed and transferred to the cemetery at MansniSTORT OF ASHLAND COUNTY. 277 field. Ilulclah is the wife of Stephen Tanricar, a resident of Wayne County. RoseUa is the wife of J. W. Sloan, and resides in Lexington, Richland County. Homer died in Mercer County in 1855. Olive is the wife of Dr. David Snively, who reside at Xenia, Ohio. Thomas, to whom we are indebted for this sketch, resides, as before remarked, on the old homestead near Ilayesville.

When Dr. William Bushnell, now of Mansfield, was a boy in Vermillion Township, his father was about to raise a log barn, an enterprise which, in those days, could not be accomplished without the persuasive power of whisky. They had heard of a new stillhouse near Uniontown, (Ashland,) and to this place the doctor was sent. His way led through the pathless forest. He was upon horseback, and under him was a bag, in one end a jug and in the other a stone to balance. He succeeded, after much tribulation, in making his way to the distillery, but on his return became lost after night had closed in upon him, and he was compelled to lay out and submit to the unbidden music of the wolves, whose howls were incessant throughout the night. About teno' clock on the day after his departure on his errandj he appeared before the thirsty laborers, and soon was enabled to appease their wrath and their thirst.

Eev. John Cox removed from Somerset County, Pennsylvania, to the land upon which is now situated the town of Hayesville, in May, 1823. He purchased of a Mr. Ilensh about seventy acres of Virginia Mili- tary School land, paying said Hensh one hundred and twent}^ dollars for his quit claim, and assuming to pay the State two dollars per acre, making the whole cost of his seventy acres two hundred and sixty dollars. Upon this track there was about three acres cleared on the northeast corner, and within what is now the center of the town there were two cabins, one of which stood near the spot of his present residence in Haj^esville, and the other upon the lot now owned by Armentrout & Son.

The town of Hayesville was laid out in the fall of 1830, and the town plat recorded in Mansfield, October 26, 1830. The first public sale of lots occurred on the 18 th of November of the same year. , ,,

The post-office at Ha3''s X-Roads was established Januar}- 18, 1827, and Mr. Cox appointed postmaster. This office he held until July 1, 1841, when, for political reasons alone, which then existed, but do not now, he was removed, and Mr. D. K. Hull appointed in his place. When the post-office was established, it was supplied several years by a weekly mail carried on horseback by John Willson.

Joseph Duncan removed from Stark County, Ohio, to the land he now holds in Vermillion Township, being the southwest quarter of section 36, in the spring of 1824. He had entered this land and made some improvements upon it two years prior to this date. When he removed to his place his family consisted of his wife, daughter Eliza, and son John. His immediate neighbors, and who occupied adjoining

John Farver

John Farver immigrated to Vermillion Township, with his wife and two children, on the 29 th of April, 1817, and commenced improvement on his present farm, being the west half of the northeast quarter of section 2. Mr. Farver's whole moneyed resources, when he settled in the county, amounted to twelve dollars. His first stock of corn was purchased on Owl Creek at fifty cents per bushel. Four days were occupied in the journey to and from Owl Creek, and a team of three horses labored hard to drag fifteen bushels of com over the roads in their then condition.

His first crop of wheat, raised in 1817, he commenced harvesting on the twentieth of August. The wheat was none too ripe. Corn, pumpkins, and all other crops were proportionately late. Mr. Farver has this day (14th of July, 1862,) reached his seventysixth birthday, and enjoys moderate health.

Robert Finley

The family of this gentleman was the second that located in Vermillion Township. In the early part of April, 1811, he established himself upon the northeast quarter of section 12, said land being now owned by Alexander Nelson, Adam Baum, and Thomas Crone. The family of George Eckley had preceded that of Mr. Finley to the township only about two weeks. Mr. Finley died upon the farm above mentioned on the 4th of July, 1825, at the age of sixty-five.

William Harper

William Harper, an emigrant from Jefferson County, Ohio, entered the southwest quarter of section 10, township 21, (Vermillion,) in June, 1815. The residents of the township at that date were Samuel Bolter, George Ackley, Jonathan Palmer, Robert Finley, William Black, George McClure, Samuel Hunt, and James Walters, (the latter acting as justice of the peace.)

The nearest mill at this time was Shrimplin's, on Owl Creek. The trip occupied from four to six days, and was made with four horses and a wagon, which would carry from forty to fifty bushels.

There was no wheat raised or for sale in the county at this time. Corn would bring eight}^ and one hundred cents. The animal food was principally venison and other wild game. About 1819 and 1820 the county began to raise a surplus of agricultural products, and from this time forward until the completion of the Ohio Canal, produce would hardly bear transportation to market, (which was then Sandusky City.) Mr. Harper on one occasion took a load of flour to market and exchanged his flour for salt, giving two barrels of flour and half a dollar in cash for each barrel of salt. The first substantial encouragement given the firming and industrial interests was the market afforded by the completion of the Ohio Canal to Massillon; but the construction of the ship canal from the mouth of Huron River to Milan made a yet better market than Massillon, and effected a change in the course of trade. The railroad system, however, greatly injured Massillon, and almost destroyed its trade.

William was killed by the running away of his team near Plymouth, Ohio, about 1831. John now occupies the. old homestead. Nancy is the wife of Joseph Sheets. Mary is the wife of Joseph Strickland - all residents of Vermillion Township. Henry resides in Medina County, Ohio. Sarah is the wife of John Cole, and resides in Indiana. Sophia is the wife of John Hall, of Vermillion Township ; and Elizabeth married Charles Reed, and resides in Michigan.

Richard Jackman

Richard Jackman emigrated from Jefferson County, Ohio, in 1823, having, in 1816, visited the county and entered, at the office in Canton, the southwest quarter of section 23, Vermillion Township, upon which he now resides. When he arrived here his family consisted of his wife and his daughter Matilda W.

William Karnahan

William Karnahan emigrated from Jefferson County, Ohio, April 16, 1815, with his family, consisting of his wife, his son Robert M., and daughter Eliza A. Mr. Karnahan died upon the place he originally selected for his home, being the southeast quarter of section 23, Vermillion Township, on the 24th of September, 1852, aged sixty-three years.

The country at this date was very sparsely settled - his nearest neighbor being Mr. Emerine, located one and a half miles distant. About this distance from wliere he erected his cabin, on the farm now owned by Mr. Stoufer, a den of rattlesnakes was discovered, near the entrance to which as many as twenty-five were killed in a single day. At another den, on or near the farm now owned by Robert Cowan, as many as seventy-five of these reptiles were killed in a single day. On one occasion the family were assailed by a panther, who approached the house on an evening within a few rods, and only disappeared after the family had secured the doors and windows of their cabin, and kindled a brilliant fire.

William Lemon

"William Lemon emigrated from Glasgow, Scotland, to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1816, and in 1818 removed to Vermillion Township - his family consisting of his wife and four sons, namely, John, William, James, and Robert. Mr. Lemon died in 1850, at the age of seventy-three 3'ears.

John Lemon, now a merchant in Mifflin, is the only surviving member of the family at present residing in Ashland County. William Lemon, who died in 1839, was among the earliest merchants in Mifflin.

George Marshall

George Marshall immigrated to Vermillion Township, and purchased of James Lawhead the land uj^on which a part of his family now reside, in April, 1822. He emigrated from Pennsylvania, with his wife - all his children having been born in Vermillion Township. Mr. Marshall died on the 6th of January, 1852, in his fifty-third year.

Andrew Newman removed to Vermillion Township in the Ml of the year 1825, and purchased of Samuel McBride the farm upon which was afterward the site of Newman's mill - being the same property now owned by Joseph Boyd. At this date his family consisted of his wife and two sons, namely, William and James H.

Mr. Newman subsequently purchased a farm on the south line of Vermillion Township, where he died on the 20th of January, 1861, at the age of eighty-three years.

He had immigrated to Richland County in the year 1806, and during the war of 1812 resided about three and a half miles southwest of Petersburg, Mifflin Township, on the Rocky Fork.

When these occurred, Mr. Newman was engaged in the building of a sawmill on the Rocky Fork, about three miles distant from the scene of the tragedy. He always maintained that the romantic accounts of these bloody transactions heretofore published were inaccurate. Being familiar with the contemporaneous accounts, it is reasonable to infer that his impressions are correct.

Jonathan Palmer

Jonathan Palmer, while a resident of Jeflerson County, Ohio, made a visit to Vermillion Township, in September, 1810, and entered two quarters - one being the northeast of section 12, (now owned by Thomas Boyd,) and the other being the farm now owned by George Buchanan, Esq. On this visit, he was accompanied by his eldest son Ephraim. Having made the entries described, he returned home, where he continued until the spring of 1811, when he revisited the tract first named and commenced improvements, in which work he was aided by a portion of his family - two sons and a daughter. During the season a cabin house was erected, and three acres cleared and planted in corn. Hewn logs for a building were also prepared - being the first effort toward such a substantial improvement that had been made in Vermillion or any of the adjoining townships. It had been the intention to send for the remainder of the family in the fall of this year; but the unsettled relations with the British and Indians changed the plan, and the family reunited in Jefferson County, where they remained until September, 1814, when, notwithstanding war yet existed, the whole fiimily removed and made a permanent settlement upon their land.

The heads of families at this time residing in Vermillion Township were, in addition to his own, Robert Finley, Lemuel Boulter, Samuel Ilutchings, William Black, George Eckley, and Daniel Harlan. Of those named none now survive.

Mr. James Palmer (now a resident of the southwest corner of Perry Township, and who was the fourth son of the gentleman whose decease is above noticed, and who also communicates these facts) mentions a singular instance attending the death of an uncle, Nathaniel Palmer, which occurred in 1815. When he parted with his family, this gentleman, although in good physical health and in the vigor of manhood, mentioned to them a presentiment that he would not live to meet them again. He, however, came to the country, and entered land in Green Township; and while on a visit at the house of his brother, was taken ill of fever - and on the evening of the ninth day, after having been pronounced by his physician convalescent, turned his face to the wall, and, within three minutes after having made this movement, breathed his last, A messenger was immediately dispatched to communicate intelligence of his death to his family. On reaching Canton, he met a messenger from Jefferson County charged with the sad duty of communicating to the husband the death of the wife! It appeared that their deaths had occurred the very same hour.

There was less of the winter; and the spring, summer, and fall seasons, Mr. Palmer says, were longer than now - the weather more stable, and vegetation had a ranker growth. The appearance of the country in its wilderness condition is described by him as more beautiful and attractive than any he had ever seen. The axe and plow, while they have been useful agents in developing the wealth, have marred the features of the country. It was arrayed in its most attractive form during the months of May and June, when the hills, covered with their giant oaks in full livery, and undergrowth of sedge, rich weeds, and pea-vine, presented an appearance of wild beauty,

Not until several 3'ears after Mr. Palmer came to the country, was there any church building in the township. The first clergymen were Presbyterian missionaries, who, in traveling to and from their missions among the Senecas and Wyandots, made it a practice for many years to preach at the house of Mr. Palmer and others. The first church building erected in the township stood upon land now owned by Joseph Boyd, and occupied the' place near where Mr. Boyd's mill now stands. It was a very large building for the time - belonged to the ]Methodist denomination - vras made of unhewn logs, and erected in about 1818. To aid in raising the building, persons came from Mansfield and other places equally distant. When Quarterly Meetings were held in this building, the}' were generally attended by people from a great distance. So utterl}' unable were residents of the neighborhood to entertain their friends from abroad, that the latter would often bring with them their supplies of food, cooking utensils, bedclothing, etc., and during the intervals when the church was not used for divine service, the capacious wooden fireplace would be used by the women, cooking food for themselves and families - in fact, converting the building into one for eating and lodging, as well as for religious purposes. This necessity was the result, not of any want of hospitalitj', but of the absence of food and house room existing in the vicinity.

This adjoined the church above described - the bodies of such as had previously died in Vermillion having been buried in Green Township, near Perrysville. The first interment was the body of Mr. Mannan, an old gentleman upwards of ninety years of age. The second was the body of Joseph Lake, Sr., about the same age, and said to have been, at the time of his decease, the oldest member of the Methodist Church within the State of Ohio.

When Mr. Palmer's father came here there were none, within his knowledge, in the county - not even at Mansfield or Wooster; and the sight of a physician to the people then residing here would be as great a curiosity as a wild Indian among the present generation. Their coarse, wholesome food, and active lives secured the health of the inhabitants, and obviated the necessity for physicians.

This town was laid out by Vaughan and Deardoff, of Tuscarawas County. The first merchants were Lake & Larwill, who conducted business from 1817 until 1821 or 1822. Jerome and his family were the only inhabitants of the town when its plat was surveyed.

After he removed from JeromeviUe, Mr. Jerome and Mr. Palmer were neighbors - the former being some, three years the owner and occupant of the farm upon which was afterward the mill of Con-

Gilbert Purdy

Gilbert Purdy, an emigrant from New York, in 181 7 bought the west half of the eight}'' acres of George McClure, now owned by John Scott, Sr., and adjoining John Harper's on the soutli. At the time of his removal his family consisted of Peter M., Henry, Sarah, Cornelia, and Gennett. The latter married the widow of Sterling G. Bushnell.

Peter M. was the first who bought wheat, and that, too, not for cash, but by way of his trade, (blacksmithing,) in the neighborhood. This was about 1826, and before the completion of artificial channels of commerce. Mr. Purdy paid about ten cents per bushel, and hauled it to Portland, (Sandusky City,) -where he obtained about sixty cents per bushel.

In 1828 he transported two loads, consisting of flour, whisky, and pork, to Cleveland. This was after the time of the completion of the Ohio Canal. The trip consumed generally from seven to eight days. He sold his flour at two dollars and a half per barrel; pork, five dollars per barrel; and whisky, price not recollected. These were merely nominal prices, as goods and not cash formed the standard of prices - only a small per cent, being paid in money. Part of their return load consisted of salt at six dollars per barrel.

William Reed

his family upon it April 14, 1814. He was originally from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Mr. Reed enlisted in the military service during the first year of the war with Great Britain in 1812, and served until 1814, when, from disability, he obtained a furlough from his captain (Jack) at Mansfield, and continuing physically unable, he did not return to the service.

"When he removed to his land, (southeast quarter section 5,) it was a wilderness; his nearest neighbors - except the families of George, William, and Thomas Hughes, and John Howard - were five miles distant.

William Ryland

William Ryland emigrated from Bedford Count}^, Pennsylvania, and entered at the land-office at Canton the farm upon which he now lives, in the autumn of 1815. His family then consisted of his wife and one daughter, Mary Ann, who is now the widow of Jonathan Black. Among his neighbors were Robert Jackman, who lived upon the farm now occupied by Archibald Gillis; Lemuel Boulter, the only occupant of the land upon which the flourishing town of Hayesville now stands; John Vangilder, who then resided upon the same place he now occupies; John McCrory, who lived upon the land now occupied by his descendants; Joseph Workman, who is now a resident of another portion of the township from that in which he at first resided; Ephraim Eckley, (for a number of years justice of the peace,) and wlio resided upon the farm now owned by Abraham Johnson; George McClure, who lived upon the land in section 10 now

Joseph Lake, at this date, was the only resident of Jeroineville. He was the owner of a small stock of goods. The block-house occupied during the war was yet standing, but was only used occasionally for religious meetings.

Lemuel Boulter sold his interest in the land upon which Haj'esville was subsequently built to Linus Hayes. Mr. Cox's purchase was of John Hersh - the lands being in the Virginia Military Land District.

John Scott

John Scott immigrated to Vermillion Township 22d March, 1819, having purchased two hundred and twent}' acres on the west line of the township (being the farm upon which Joshua Campbell now resides) some three years previous.

Ou the 7th January, 1831, Mr. Scott opened the first stock of goods ever offered at Hayes X- Roads. The first charge upon his day-book under that date reads thus: -

His first lot of goods were placed in a log cabin which stood upon the lot now owned by Dr. Armstrong. During the same year, however, he erected the substantial buildings which now occupy the lot.

In July, 1832, Mr. Scott formed a partnership with Daniel Porter, of "Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in the goods trade; which partnership was formed for the term of eighteen months, each investing a cash capital of $2500. At the close of the partnership they discovered that they had duplicated their capital. Much of their business, however, was dealing in stock, from ^vhich a considerable amount of profits were derived.

As evidence of the integrity of his customers at that time, Mr. Scott says that, during the first four years of his business life in Ilayesville, he has no re-, collection of having lost a dollar by bad debts. With reference to girls Avho supported themselves by weekly wages, he generally gave credit when it was asked, and the money was always promptly paid accordin"" to promise.

In 1840 Mr. Scott sold to Jacob Kinnaman the "Armstrong corner," and purchased of Francis Graham, of Ashland, the brick building upon the opposite corner. Here he continued business until June, 1S4G, when he disposed of his stock of goods to Messrs. Cox & Iligbee, and retired from the business.

The rigors and injustice of this law were occasionally relieved by incidents of humor. Among the latter was a case that occurred at Ilajesville in the "early times." A very dashing young man, claiming the ownership of a fast horse, and sporting the first gold watch that had probably ever appeared in the township, sought and obtained credit of a merchant in Ilayesville to the amount of about forty dollars, for which indebtedness he was in due time sued; and in default of goods whereon to levy, an execution issued for his body. Under that law, if the judgmentdebtor gave bail he was released from prison, and became entitled to the "jail-bounds," which comprehended the limits of the county; but the law confined him strictly within such boundaries, and if he placed his foot over the line his bond would become forfeited. The defendant had procured the necessary bail, and, within the territory of Richland County, his movements were as untranuneled as those of his creditor. A party of wags, of which Hayesville, in those days, always had "a quorum," disliking the loft}' "style" and fraudulent practices of said debtor, originated a scheme by which to entrap him, and which, having stated the premises, will be understood by the reader as we narrate it.

Thomas Stringer and David Potts, (brothers-in-law, fast friends, and notorious lovers of fun,) ^dlose " heads had been together" on this case, obtained sight of their victim standing near a public place, and forthwith made for his vicinity, in earnest dispute about the trotting qualities of the horses of which they were the respective owners. As they approached their intended victim, their dispute waxed more fierce, and the young man at once enlisted in the broil, and "mixed in." A wager was agreed upon, and the money staked. Judges were also selected, one of whom happened to be the debtor; and the ground selected happened to be on the Mansfield and Wooster Road - the eastern terminus also happening to be a few rods east of the county line.

The arrangements being completed, the contestants for the wager, each astride his own horse, followed by the judges at a certain distance, were soon upon the ground and absorbed in the exciting race. One of the parties to the sham bet, (Mr. Potts,) a regular Falstaflf in physical contour, of about two hundred and twenty pounds avoirdupois, appeared rather "much" for his horse, which would occasionally "break," when, by the rules of the race, he would be compelled to turn the animal completely around, thus losing much precious "time." Mr. Stringer, however, not being a remarkably accomplished horseman, the boasts and their riders reached the established goal about "neck and neck." The point having been reached, Stringer and Potts cast themselves from their horses, and engaged in fierce crimination and recrimination, each charging upon the other "foul play" in riding, and throwing off their coats for a desperate fight. The young judge, yet in full view of the "deadly strife," but with his "associate judge," a short distance in the rear, put spurs to his horse, and, with the least possible delay, placed himself between the hostile parties with the humane purpose of saving the useless effusion of blood! - assuring the gentlemen, upon his "word of honor," that the matter should be determined by a scrupulous regard to the rules of racing. His pacificatory eloquence prevailed, and the belligerents meekly received the verdict of the judges, and a happy reunion of broken ties w\as the result.

After the return of the crowd to town, some one incidentally remarked, in the hearing of the real victim of the drama, that it was rather a remarkable circumstance that Richland County did not afford land enough upon which to have a trotting match, and that it became necessary to use for that purpose a jmrt of Waf/ne Count//! Our hero turned to Mr. Stringer and inquired whether they had really passed the limits of Richland County; whereupon Mr. Stria- ger forthwith proceeded to make a very nice calculation of metes and bounds, and after much deliberation arrived at the amazing conclusion that the eastern stakes would, sure enough, bring them within'Wayne County! The crowd, discovering the embarrassment of "young gent," gave way to their feelings in an irrepressible and prolonged roar of mirth. The young financier became enraged - charged conspiracy, and all manner of crimes - swore terribly, and the more terribly he swore, louder and more wild became the merriment of the crowd. Discovering, at length, that the insurrection against him was too extensive, he subsided, and with a forced pleasantry consented to permit the affair to pass off as "a good joke."

Michael Sigler

Michael Sigler immigrated with his wife and four children to Vermillion Township, in November, 1820, and purchased the eighty acres upon which Henry Helbert now resides. He emigrated from Pennsylvania. Prior to his purchase of this land, he had contracted with Mr. Hersh for the land upon which the major portion of Hayesville now stands; but some trifling difference in regard to details prevented the closing of the contract, and Rev. Mi*. Cox became the purchaser.

Stephen Smith

Stephen Smith immigrated to Vermillion Township from Trumbull County, Ohio, and purchased for his future home the northwest quarter of section 33, Vermillion Township, now occupied by his son,

James B. Smith. His family at this time consisted of his wife, daughter Lydia, and son James B. Mr. Smith died August 19, 1840, at the age of fifty-one years, less a few days.

With the exceptions of John Johnston and George Shriver, who occupied adjoining quarters, among his nearest neighbors was Linus Hayes, subsequently one of the proprietors of Haycsville. The country was very sparsely settled, and the little family would find their nights made hideous by the howling of wolves, which would often approach within a few rods of their house. Wild beasts and reptiles abounded in the wilderness. Rattlesnakes, some of them of immense size, were also numerous.

Joseph Strickland

Joseph Strickland, an emigrant from Jefferson County, Ohio - his native State being New Jersey. He w%as the father of Mahlon, Joseph, William S., and Amos Strickland. Mr. Strickland died in Seneca County, Ohio, about thirteen years ago, at the age of eighty-six years. He served as a soldier in the war of the American revolution.

Joseph Workman

Joseph Workman, an emigrant from Adams County, Pennsylvania, removed with his ftimily (consisting of his wife and four children) to Vermillion Township in the fall of 1815. He entered the northwest quarter of section 26; and also purchased, of John Baptiste Jerome, the property in section 12, since known as the Goudy Mill property. He subsequently sold the last named tract to Constance Lake, who erected upon it the first mill. In 1854, he purchased the farm upon which he now resides - being thirty acres in section 25. He is now in his seventy-seventh year, and in vigorous mental and bodily health.

When Mr. Workman came to the country the territory of Vermillion and Montgomery were united in one township, under the name of the former; and Robert Newell and James Wallace were the two justices of the peace. Mr. Workman was elected in 1817, and was the successor of Mr. Wallace.

His nearest neighbors were Johnnycake and his squaw. He was a quiet, friendly neighbor, and Mr. Workman took his first lessons in hunting wild game of this Indian.

The first school taught in Vermillion Township was in 1821, in a building which had previously been used as a Baptist church. Its site was near where the present school-house in Thomas Bushnell's district stands, and the school was taught by Miss Sedelia Bushnell. Six years, therefore, had elapsed before Mr. Workman's children had the privileges of any other instruction than such as they received at home.

Chapter

This town was laid out on the 26 th of October, 1830, by John Cox and Linus Hayes. It was incorporated March 2, 1849, as will be seen by the copy of- the law which follows : -

Sec. 1. Be it enacted hy the General Assemhhj of the State of Ohio, That so much of the Township of Vermillion, in the County of Ashland, as is included in the town plat of the Town of Hayesville, together with such additions as may hereafter be made thereto, be, and the same is hereby declared a town corporate, by the name of the Town of Hayesville, and by that name shall be a body corporate and politic, with perpetual succession.

Sec. 2. The town named in the preceding section of this act shall be entitled to all the privileges and be subjected to all the restrictions of "an act for the regulation of incorporated towns," passed February sixteenth, one thousand eight hundred and thirtynine, and the several acts amendatory thereto.

John G. Breslin The Original Town

'* The following is a draft of a number of lots, divided by streets and alleys in the form below described, intended for a town to be known by the name of Hayesville, situated on the east half of the southeast quarter of section 15, township 21, of reserve 15, formerly known by the name of Hayes' X-Roads, being the lands of Messrs. J. Cox and L. Hayes. The principal or main street is laid out on the road leading from Wooster to Mansfield, with one row of 19 lots on each side - each lot 60 feet front by 120 feet back. The road leading from Loudonville to Ashland crosses the above-named road at right angles, with 20 lots to the east and 18 lots to the west. Parallel to the first are two streets, viz.: one crossing at the north end of the lots on the north side, the other crossing at the south end of the lots on the south side, each 16 feet breadth, parallel to the second. East is one alley of 10 feet breadth, one street of 20 feet breadth, dividing the lots of Cox and Hayes; east of all is an alley of 12 feet breadth. West is an alley of 10 feet; west of all is an alley, as may be seen in the plat.

These figures show an apparent diminution of the population of the town between the years 1850 and 18G0, which is accounted for from the fact that the census-taker in 1850 embraced in his return a district which, although obviously as much a part of the town as any other, was not Icfjalhj within the incorporated limits. It is unquestionably true that the population and business of Ilayesville during the last twelve years have been constantly augmenting. This has been particularly the case since the Vermillion. Institute, which is the chief source of the prosperity of the town, and which has withstood the shock of the present civil war that has prostrated so many kindred institutions, has been under the charge of Mr. Diefendorf. The town and the institute were never in a more prosperous condition than now.

Ilayesville contains 3 churches, 3 resident clergymen, 2 physicians, 1 lawyer, 1 high school, (the Vermillion Institute,) 1 lodge I. 0. 0. F., 2 hotels, 5 boarding-houses, 3 dry goods stores, 2 clothing stores, 2 boot and shoe stores, 1 drug store, 1 bakery and confectionery, 2 shoe shops, 3 saddle shops, 3 wagon manufactories, 4 blacksmith shops, 1 silversmith, 3 cabinet shops, 2 tanneries, 1 tinsmith and stove store, 2 cooper shops, and 1 barber shop.

The dispensation for this lodge was granted 14th May, 1857, to J. Kinninger, Wm. L. Smith, AVni. G. Galloway, Nicholas McCool, and M. McLaughlin.

The first officers were Joseph Kinninger, N. G.; "\Vm. L. Smith, V. G.; M. McLaughlin, Rec. Sec; and W. G. Galloway, Treasurer. The lodge was organized with the five charter members, nine were initiated, and one admitted by card. Total, fifteen.

Old School Presbyte-Rian

The Presbyterian Church in Hayesville was organized in the fall of 1846, and had as the first minister the Rev. Benj. T. Lowe, who preached the half of his time there and the other half in the church of Jeromeville.

The Rev. Wm. W. Colmery became pastor and had charge of the church until the spring of 1850, when Mr. Colmery having taken the Jeromeville church, the Rev. Sanders Diefendorf, Principal of Vermillion Institute, became minister of the Hayesville church. This arrangement lasted until the spring of 1852, when the Rev. Jacob Coon having succeeded Mr. Die- fendorf as principal of the institute, also took his place as stated preacher to the church. In the autumn of 1853 Mr. Coon resigned, and the church was vacant until April, 1854, when the Rev. Mr. Diefendorf, who had settled in Athens, Ohio, was recalled, and has ever since been their minister. A handsome and substantial house of worship was erected in 1859 nearly on the site of the old building.

United Presbyterian Congregation Of Iiayesyille

We have not access to the records of the organization of this congregation. The earliest records attainable were made in 1838, at which time Rev. Samuel Hindman was the pastor of the congregation. He became, as we are informed, pastor of the congregation in 1837. A preaching station was recognized here by the Associate Church, perhaps as early as 1832, and the '^Associate Coinjregat'ion of Ilayesville" was oro-anized soon after. The members were but few at its first organization, and when Mr. Plindman became their stated pastor, they were able to obtain no more than one-fourth of his ministerial labors - the other three-fourths being divided equally between Mansfield, Iberia, and Savannah. Mr. Ilindman's connection with this comrre^rution continued till 1842, when the pastoral relation was dissolved. In the year 1844, Rev. J. L. McLain, having accepted a call from the congregation, Avas installed as their pastor. Ilis ministerial labors were divided equally between Ilayesville and Mansfield. Mr. McLain's connection with the congregation continued for eleven years. Early in the year 1855, upon the mutual request of the pastor and congregation, the relation was dissolved by the Associate Presbytery of Richland, to which the congregation was in subordination. After this the congregation was dependent upon supplies until the autumn of 1856, when Rev. J. Y. Ashenhurst, receiving a call, became their stated pastor. His labors were divided equally between Hayesville and Savannah. In May, 1858, the union being consummated between the Associate and Associate Reformed Churches under the name and title of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, ^wdi the Associate Congregation of Hayesville, acceding to the terms of union, became the United Preshyterian Congregation of Hayesville. In December, 1859, upon the petition of the Congregation of Hayesville, the entire labors of the pastor were granted to them, thus dissolving the relation between him and the congregation of Savannah. In January, 1860, Mr. Ashenhurst entered upon his labors at Hayesville, as a separate charge - and the congregation, for the first time in their history, obtained the entire ministerial labors of a pastor, which they still continue to enjoy. In 1856, when the present pastor took charge of the congregation, there were about fifty-six members. Since that time about sixty have been admitted to membership; and the decrease by death and removals has been about forty, leaving the present membership about seventy-six. The contributions of the congregation for religious purposes average about eight dollars to each member annually.

Methodist

The society was organized in 1828, at the house of Richard Jackman. About two years after Hayesville was laid out, the society erected a house for worship 28 by 35 feet, which occupied the site of the present residence of Mr. Craig. The membership at this time amounted to thirty. The clergymen were Rev. H. Sheldon and Rev. S. Renark. Trustees - S. Smith, R. Jackman, John Harman, and W. James.

The present building was erected in 1855. Its size is 38 by 50 feet - valuation $1400. Rev. Mr. Starr and Rev. Mr. Wilcox are the present clergymen, and R. Hill, J. Hill, and W. Seamans are Trustees of the church.

Permanently Established Business Men In

Armentrout & Co., dealers in dry goods, groceries, boots, shoes, hats, and caps. Also manufacturers of millinery goods and clothing. Northeast corner of North and Main Streets.

Chapter Xi

Milliin and Mohican. There is no township in the count}^ more rich in antiquarian wealth, or incident rehating to its early history, than Green. Dr. J. P. Henderson, of Newville, a fine scholar, and a gentleman of cultivated taste, has a collection of specimens of the ancient race, the accumulations of many years, and gathered from Ohio and other Northwestern States, some of the most valuable of which were obtained from this township. After centuries of undisturbed repose, the disembow^eled earth of old Green has yielded up treasures which have enriched the cabinets of students of archa3ological science to a greater degree, probably, than any surface of equal extent in the country.

Upon the land of Jesse Parr existed a circular embankment, seven feet in height, inclosing an area of nearl}^ three acres. From a mound, a few rods east of this work, curiously wrought implements of copper and stone were taken. Regarding other of these ancient w-orks near the old Indian village, the reader is referred to the statement of Samuel Graham, which will be found in its proper place.

Much of the surface of Green Township is broken, .although its hills and valleys yield rich rewards to the cultivators of its soil, as the agricultural statistics demonstrate.

The Black Fork enters the township from its western border, and flows in a southeasterly course, until it reaches Loudonville, in Hanover Township - traversing a distance of about ten miles. The Ioav banks and sluggish current of this stream render its water privileges of comparatively little value. There are, however, two dams upon it in Green Township. One of these, owned by Mr. Beechley, runs two pairs of burrs and one saw; and the other, formerly known as the "Stringer Mill," but now owned by Augustus A. Taylor, furnishes water for running three pairs of burrs and one saw. The valley of this stream is generally broad, and not exceeded in fertility by any area of equal extent in this quarter of Ohio.

It will be discovered, by statements elsewhere made, that in the early settlement of the township, Messrs. Coulter, Oliver, Eice, and others built flat-bottomed boats, and freighted them with pork, flour, whisky, etc., and ran them to New Orleans. These boats w^ould average about fifteen feet in width, fifty feet in length, and ^yould carry near twelve hundred pounds.

Upon the Clear Fork, which only runs about a mile through the southwest corner of Green Township, there is one dam, furnishing power for running a grist-mill with three pairs of burrs, and a saw-mill with one saw. These mills are now the property of Thomas W. Calhoun.

Honey Creek originates in the Quaker Springs, near the southeast line of Vermillion Township, and pursues a southwardly course through Green, a distance of about five miles, and terminates in the Black Fork, upon the land recently owned by the late Abraham Dehaven. Upon this stream there are six saw-mills and one grist-mill.

Union

of Green Township, adjacent to the present town of McKa}'. The society, about twelve years since, becoming feeble, by reason of deaths and removals, the building and ground were purchased by Christians, in the neighborhood, belonging to various denominations, and it is now open 'to all creeds who desire its use as a place for worship. The present trustees are Abner Hisscn, Jacob Barlett, and Jesse Davis. The building is a frame, and Avill accommodate with seats about two hundred persons. .

Greentown Baptist Church

The building was erected in 1837. It is built of brick; is 35 by 44 feet, and will accommodate with seats a congregation of three hundred and fifty persons.

The town is situated upon the line of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne, and Chicago Railroad. It contains one church, one forwarding and commission house, two dry goods stores, one tannery, one hotel, one tailor shop, one blacksmith shop, one grocery and provision store, and two physicians.

Presbyterian Church

Rev. William Hughes was licensed as a clergyman of the Old School Presbyterian Church, by the Presbytery of Beaver, on the 24th of June, 1829, and during the same year immigrated to this county. On the loth of August, 1829, he preached the first sermon in the neighborhood of his present residence, at the house of the late William Taylor, Esq., in Green Township. On the ninth of September following he was appointed by Presbytery as stated supply for the churches at Perrysville and Lake Fork Cross Roads. April 5th, 1830, he was ordained.

The first elders of the church were Thomas Coulter, John Van Horn, and George Crawford - none of whom are now living. The present elders are William D. Ewalt, James Byers, John White, and William Reed; and the deacons are James Coe and William D. Ewalt.

James Byers

James Byers, wife, and child emigrated from Washington County, Pennsylvania, to Green Township, in the spring of 1821. He had two years previously entered the southeast quarter of section 23, and erected thereon a cabin, and made some other improvement. He yet resides upon this land.

Conrad Castor

Conrad Castor emigrated with his wife and son, Tobias Castor, from Pennsylvania, to the place upon which he now resides, in Green Township, in the fall of 1817. lie is now seventy-two 3'cars of age, and resides upon the land he originall}' entered - being the southeast quarter of section 22.

The orchard upon this place was commenced by trees transplanted from the nursery of Johnny Appleseed, situated on the John Murphy place, northeast of the farm owned by the late James Rowland.

Although the township had been settled some six years when Mr. Castor removed to it, the country was yet very wild. About four weeks after he removed his family into his cabin, a bear made his appearance within twent}^ steps of the cabin door. Having no gun, bruin was permitted to leisurely pursue his way.

In September, 1821, Mr. Castor was returning home, toward the close of day, from an examination of some lands in the neighborhood, and, when within about forty rods of a clearing, his attention was called to a crackling sound in advance of him, and following on some distance, discovered it to be a bear and two cubs. When within about twenty steps of the "family," the cubs ascended a tree, and the old bear commenced a rapid advance upon Mr. Castor. Being without a gun, or even a Ivuife of any description, he lost no time in seeking safct}^ b}'' climbing a small tree. He barely made good his escape. The enraged brute would stand erect against the trunk of the tree and gnash her teeth at Mr. Castor, and then lie down, fixing upon him her gharing eyes, and beating the ground heavily with her huge paws. As night was rapidly approaching, he began to feel anxious about his release, and raised his voice for help. His dog was the first to come to his aid; and the moment the bear saw the dog, she immediately stationed herself at the base of the tree upon Avhich rested her cubs. Mr. Castor instantly availed himself of the opportunity, and sprang from the tree, and was soon at the nearest, clearing, belonging to Nathan W}-att. Here, within a few minutes, a party of four were assembled, properly armed, and, iiidcd by three dogs, set out to capture the bear. The dogs were soon engaged with her, but she made short work with them, striking them with her paw, and causing the strongest among them to reel under her powerful blows, and seek protection, by piteous howls, of their masters. The timber and dense underbrush afi'orded such concealment of the bear that the efibrts of the hunters were bafiled, and they returned to their homes, leaving her the victor.

Jonathan Coulter

Jonathan Coulter emigrated from Beaver County, Pennsylvania, to Green Township, in February, 1816. He died in August, 1811, at the age of seventy-three years. Thomas W. Coulter, Esq., now of Perrysville, is the only surviving member of the family now residing in Ashland County.

In the year 1825, a band of outlaws, under the leadership of John Driskel, made their principal abode in Green Township, upon the fiirm now owned by John Taylor, Esq. They were the terror of the good people of Green and neighborhood, as they had previously been of the inhabitants of Columbiana and Wa3'ne Counties, where they had formerly resided, and where they had committed extensive depredations. AVhile in the first-named county, the elder Drislvcl had an encounter with one of the Poe farail}-, resulting iu the loss of the tip of his nose, which, added to his naturally repulsive features, gave him a marlccd and hideous countenance. During his residence in Wayne County, but while the other families connected with the gang, hereafter mentioned, were living in Green Township, he had been sentenced to the penitentiar}'-, and effected his escape. A reward was offered for his recapture and return. His confederates were numerous, and scattered over a large district of territory; but John Driskel, his son Pearson, and his son-in-law Recson Brawdy, and Aaron Brawdy, were among the most desperate; and they (when not 2jrofesf<ionalhj engaged) and their families made their headquarters on the place above mentioned.

Their principal crimes were horse-stealing, incendiarism, and burglaries. They were men of great physical strength and brutal courage, and never omitted an opportunity to exercise these qualities. The boldness and frequency of their depredations had aroused intense indignation among the people of the neighborhood, and organized efforts were made to detect the haunts and effect a capture of the leaders. Among those most active and vigilant in securing this object, were Jonathan Coulter and William Irvin - the former being generally engaged, when one of the gang would be arrested, in prosecuting for the

State, and the latter being constable of the township. The outlaws had offered, alternately, violent threats and large bribes in money to these and other like adversaries to secure their neutrality; but their firm resistance of all corrupt offers to compound felony, and their inflexible determination to either bring the culprits to justice or rid the country of their presence, brought upon them the concentrated malice of the entire gang, and a war of extermination became necessary to the security of life and property in the settlement.

The barns of Coulter and Irvin were fired during the fall of the year 1829 - consuming several horses and large stocks of grain, hay, etc., and requiring all the energies of Mr. Coulter and family to prevent the flames from communicatino: with their house. Suspicions led to the arrest of Pearson Driskel, who was tried and sentenced to the penitentiary for the crime; although in the progress of his trial it appeared that he was only a ^articeps criminis - having employed a fellow known as "Crop-eared Brawdy" to accomplish the incendiary work. ,

Efforts were, some years later, made to arrest the elder Driskel, who, having effected his escape from the penitentiary, had been discovered, one December evening, near dark, by John Kidwell, in Mohican Township, making his way, stealthily, on horseback, through the woods, in the direction of the dwellings of his son and son-in-law. The younger Driskel in the mean time had served his term in the penitentiary, and was at home. Kidwell, anticipating the destination of the old man, immediately set out on foot through the woods to communicate his discovery to the immediate neitihbors of the outlaws. A force of five resolute men were assembled, and proceeded to the suspected houses, which they reached at a late hour in the night; and a careful reconnoissance of the premises discovered hanging under the portico of young Driskel's cabin a new saddle, which had been described by KidwcU as the one upon the horse which the old man was riding. Being thus persuaded that the fugitive was in the house before them, three of the party, consisting of William Irvin, David Ayres, and Thomas W. Coulter, opened the door and entered. The latter approached the fire-place to stir the live coals, and produce a light in the room. The inmates of the house had, until this, been in a profound slumber; but the movement of Coulter awoke the women, who immediately gave utterance to piercing screams. Their cries at once aroused the old man ; and, springing from bed with a bowie-knife in hand, stooped down and also seized his rifle, threatening with death every intruder who did not instantly leave the house. His order was promptly obeyed - the three men retreating and closing the door after them. The old man stormed terribl}^, and swore that he would not be taken alive - that he would rather be shot down in his tracks than returned to the penitentiary - and that he would sell his life as dearly as possible.

It was a bitter cold night; and the party on the outside, sufiering from the inclemency of the weather, determined to bring the scene to a close, and they accordingly announced to the old man that he had five minutes in which to make his election of death or surrender. During this interval, he at several times sought to escape through the door and confront his enemies; but his son, aided by the women, would as often force him back from the door. In one of tliese efforts, he had thrust his gun and arm through an opening in the doorway, when WilHam Irvin seized the opportunity to deal a heavy blow with a club upon his exposed arm, which for the time paralyzed it. Four of the five men were armed with flint-lock muskets - these being the best fire-arm in common use in those days - and the other had a pistol. Old Driskel was a little ahead of the times, lie owned a pick-lock gun - percussion caps were not known in this country then - but old Driskel's nice gun had what were called "percussion grains." These grains were about the size of a pin's head, and the pick striking down on one was what exploded the powder. The old man had his gun raised to fire at Mr. Rice, who was standing in front of the partly open door, when his son Pearson slipped his hand between his gun and the pick, thereby preventing the discharge of the gun, but receiving a wound upon his own hand. He once snapped his gun within four feet of the breast of David Ayres, and the latter aimed a pistol at the body of the culprit, but his weapon also missed fire. The five minutes having expired, the order to fire was given, and the result was four "snaps" and one "flash." Ayres's pistol was a crack one, and in a few minutes its load was accidentally discharged. To obtain a better sight on the old man, the party began to push out the "chinking" between the logs for the purpose of securing port-holes for the muzzles of their guns; when the criminal yielded to the entreaties of his flimily, and announced his wilhngness to surrender. The men then entered the house and secured the limbs of the prisoner with a rope - committed him to the charge of two strong men, brothers, named Peterson, who, on the same morning, left with their charge for Columbus. Arriving at Sunbury, Delaware County, on the first night, the old villain managed to effect his escape - and thus terminated the career, in Ohio, of one of the vilest desperadoes that ever cursed a civilized community. His family and confederates soon joined him in the West, where they pursued their vocation of crime for some years; when old John, his son William, and another of the gang, fell into the hands of a band of "Regulators," in Northern Illinois, and were shot immediately upon their seizure. The body of his youngest son, David, was soon after found hanging upon a tree.

A communication by John Coulter, Esq., published several years since in the Mansfield Herald, contains the following reference to this band and their depredations, and the names of those who had organized to bring them to justice : -

" This gang was also composed of some of the actual settlers as well as others at a distance. The following are some of the depredations which were committed previous to their being detected and routed.

"The}' commenced first by stealing the horse of William Taylor, Esq., then living on Honey Creek, about three miles east of Perrj'sville. Next was the stealing of Alexander Rice's Rockingham colt, a very valuable animal; then the breaking open and robbing Mr. Hart's store, on Honey Creek, about three miles south of Hayesville.

"These depredations, committed in succession, alarmed the different neighborhoods, calling into action the services of the ' Black Cane Company.'*

* This company was composed of the most prominent settlers of the different neighborhoods molested by these ruffians. Each member of the company carried with him a black cane made of

" Marshaling their numbers into the field, they started out upon a searching expedition. Information had reached them that the goods stolen from Mr. Hart's store were secreted in a certain elder swamp, about one and a half miles above the village of Perrysville, which swamp was situated near the banks of the Black Fork.

"On receiving the information, the company immediately repaired to the swamp, and after searching it, they returned without meeting with any success.

" In a few days after this, the saddle of John Coulter was stolen, and, as he supposed, in retaliation for assisting in the search of the goods stolen from Mr. Hart.

"On hearing this, Mr. Coulter and Mr. Smith (after being duly authorized) went in pursuit of said goods, overtaking the wagons at Monroeville, and searched them, but without success; and they came to the conclusion that the goods were not there, and returned home.'^ the wood of crab-apple or black haw, as follows: the bark was peeled off, (the knots being left on,) after which the canes were burned black, and then greased for the purpose of giving them a shining appearance.

The names of the persons composing this company, as far as recollected, are, Captain Thomas Coulter, William Irvin, A. Rice, Isaac Martin, Thomas Martin, David Coulter, C. H. Rice, David Ayres, Charles Tannehill, Lewis Oliver, T. W. Coulter, John Capel, Solomon Grladden, Melzer Tannehill, Jonathan Coulter, James Irvin, Xathan Stearns, Harry Hill, David Hill, Reuben Hill, John Latty, Levi Taylor, John Coulter, Esq., and some others whose names are not now recollected.

"After his return home, Mr. Coulter commenced the collection of several judgments then due on his docket, one of which, amounting to about forty-five dollars, was on one of this notorious clan, who, having considerable business before Mr. Coulter in his ofhcial capacity, knew where he (Mr. Coulter) kept the money he thus collected.

"After collecting the money, one evening after his return, a thought occurred to him that his desk might become an object of consideration to this villain and his gang, and that the removal of said deposits to another place might not be unimportant. This was done; the mone}^ excepting about five dollars, was removed. That night his desk was removed from the house into the meadow, about one-fourth of a mile distant, then ow^ned by Dr. Ayres, and ritled of its contents, amounting to five dollars in money, a set of shaving tools, and a penknife, all of which the villians took. By removing the money, Mr. Coulter saved about one hundred dollars.

"About the time that the barns of Jonathan Coulter and William Irvin were fired and burned, a large flatboat, built by Lucius Doolittle, and loaded with three or four hundred barrels of flour, pork, and whisky, was cut loose from its moorings by the same clan of villians, and left to drift at random down the Black Fork of Mohican. Luckily it drifted but a short distance, when it was discovered and made safe.

Coulter Family

"The Coulter family are known as among the earliest settlers at Perrysville, on the Black Fork. Thomas Coulter (the father of John) was born in the State of New York, and moved from thence with his father to the Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania, and was living there at the time of the Wyoming massacre.

"Many years before the Ptevolution, a colony from Connecticut had commenced a settlement in the valley of Wyoming, About one thousand families had settled in this valley up to the time of the Pe volution, which event called out a thousand brave youths of noble sires to fi2;ht for freedom. In the absence of these, the tories collected several hundred Indians together, who, with horrid yells and fearful imprecations, commenced the work of death and carnage upon the defenseless inhabitants. The old men were murdered, and women and children and babes were all locked up in forts and houses, and destroyed in one awful conflagration. Wyoming was never more called the happy valley. The few who survived the massacre had a bitter lot, and the grave received crushed and broken hearts.

"The father of Tom Jelloway (one of the Greentown Indians) lived at this period in the valley of Wyoming; he was a friendly Indian, and on hearing of the intentions of the savages, he immediately commenced warning the whites of their danger, and among the number saved by his timely warning was the Coulter family. On hearing this news, Mr. Coulter took his family into a canoe, and, under cover of the darkness of the night, made his escape down the creek into a fort.

"After the massacre, Mr. Coulter moved his family to Washington County, Pennsylvania, where Thomas volunteered, under General Morgan, to fight the Indians on White River. In this expedition a severe battle was fought and gained, and many Indians taken prisoners.

"After returning from this expedition, Mr. Coulter and his father took a trading excursion down the Ohio. In this expedition, Thomas and his father were attacked with the small-pox. The father died, and was buried in Maysville. The son recovered, settled up his business, and returned home.

"On his return, he fell in company with the notorious Simon Girty,'=' and having often heard of this bloody white savage, and finding himself in his company, determined to guard himself against surprise.

* This notorious renegade was the son of a notorious drnnkard, who had emigrated from Ireland. The old man was beastly intemperate, and nothing ranked higher in his estimation than a jug of whisky. His sottishness turned his wife's affections, and she yielded her heart to another, who knocked Girty on the head, and bore off the trophy of his prowess. Four sons remained behind, Thomas, Simon, George and James. The three latter were taken prisoners in Braddock's war, by the Indians. George was adopted by the Delawarcs, and died in a drunken fit. James was adopted by the Shawnecs, and became a bloody villain. Simon was adopted by the Senecas, and became an expert hunter. In Kentucky and Oliio, he distinguished himself as an unrelenting barbarian. It was his constant wish that he might die in battle. This wish was gratified. lie was cut to' pieces, by Colonel Johnson's mounted men, at Proctor's defeat.

" Girty and Mr. Coulter had met upon the borders of a dark, long forest, through which they both had to pass, being on their way to the same station.

"On entering the forest, Mr. Coulter sprang behind Girty with his rifle in hand, ready cocked, and commanded him, under the penalty of being shot, to lead the way, and neither move to the right nor left.

"The two strangers were well armed, but Mr. Coulter had gained the advantage of Simon on entering the woods, and thus compelled him to lead the way to the station, where they parted company and never met again.

"Some short time after his arrival at home, (Washington County, Pennsylvania,) Mr. Coulter married Miss Nancy Tannehill, sister of General Tannehill, of Pittsburg, who, during the revolutionary war, served as a captain, and had been engaged in fighting several bloody battles.

"Among the number implicated in this affair was Thomas Coulter, who was taken prisoner by the authorities, and acquitted only on condition of his signing an instrument of writing, in which he, with all others, promised loyalty to the United States laws.

"Shortly after this event, Mr. Coulter immigrated to Washington County, Pennsylvania, when, after remaining a few years there, he made his way into Ohio, about the year 1806, and settled down in Jefferson County, which, although created by proclamation by Governor St. Clair, in 1797, was, nevertheless, as yet a dense wilderness.

-'After remaining here a few years, he finally immigrated to and settled down on the Black Fork of Mohican, Richland County, Ohio, (near the present site of Perrysville, Ashland County,) in 1811.

"This region was then a primal wilderness, presenting a scene of wild magnificence. The bottoms were covered with the most luxuriant growth of grass, while the banks of the stream were lined with an almost endless variety of wild flowers and flowering shrubs.

"Mrs. Thomas Coulter had four brothers, who fought in the revolutionary war. She once made a most magnificent cockade, which she intended to present to one of her brothers; but coming under the eye of General Washington, M-ho took a fancy to it, she presented it to him, who, on receiving it, kindly thanked her, in the name of Liberty, for this memento of her respect."

John Coulter

John Coulter ^vas born September 13th, 1790, in Washington County, Pennsylvania. The following is from an article published in the Mansfield Herald, and was written by himself: -

"I came in company with a young man, the name of Edward Haley, who my father hired to accompany me. We came into Richland County in the fall of 1810, and commenced cutting brush to clear oflT a spot of land to put up a cabin, on the third day after the second Tuesday of October of that year. We continued to labor for two months, during which time we put up a cabin, (said cabin was afterward converted into a block-house,) grubbed out ten acres of land, and cut and split three thousand rails, and cut the timber all off the lot, set out some fruit trees, and then, during the winter, returned to Island Creek Township, Jefferson County, Ohio; there remained until the 1st of March, 1810. I then, in company with my father and brotlier Melzer, came out to the cabin we had built the fall before on the bank of the Black Fork of Mohican, now in Green Township, Ashland County, Ohio. From that time until the present, I have been a resident of Richland County, and suppose I have gained my residence in Richland County. John Coulter."

Mr. Coulter was the first coroner of this county, and the first assessor of the eastern half of the county. He was twice elected justice of the peace in Green Township; twice in Washington Township; served twice in the legislature, and once on the State Board of Equalization.

Besides the cabin which he helped to erect for his father, Mr. Coulter aided his companions to put up two others the same fall - one for Mr, Crawford, which was located on the present site of Perrysville, Ashland County, and one for Tannehill, which stood on the land now occupied by his son, Melzer Tannehill.

These cabins were in the midst of a dense .wilderness and delightful hunting country. The nearest settlement was about three miles distant, and was composed of the following named pioneers: James Cunningham, Henry McCart, Andrew Craig, Samuel Lewis, and David Davis.

celebrated one of their religious festivals in the village of Greentown. This village, as remarked in another chapter, stood upon or near the banks of the Black Fork, and contained about one or two hundred inhabitants.

The festival was held in the council-house, a spacious building, some sixty or seventy feet long. In the center of this building a temporary altar was erected, about eight feet in diameter and some one or two feet high. Upon this altar a large fire was kindled, which burned with a most lurid brillianc}'. Around this fire the principal speakers performed their solemn marches, speaking and singing alternately, while the rest of the audience were arranged in rows, two or three deep, around the walls inside the house.

During the performance of these officials, the audience kept up a kind of grunting exercise, accompanied by a variety of gesticulations and singular contortions of the countenance, indicating that the occasion was one of deep and solemn interest, and would also occasionally cast a piece of fresh meat (prepared for the occasion) into the fire, on which a general '^]Jow-wow'' would be heard for a few moments.

The costumes of the prominent chiefs were singularly fantastic, being ornamented with various colors, arranged in such a manner as to produce the most striking effect. Deers' hoofs were also attached to their leggings, which produced a rattling noise as they moved around the fire.

Among the number of these officials was the celebrated Captain Pipe, of Jeromeville, who acted a most conspicuous part in the devotions. He was a tall and very graceful chief, somewhat stricken in years. His movements were quick, though bending

"It was evident," says our informant, "that this occasion was one of no ordinary importance, for during the whole exercises a most profound solemnity characterized their devotions, and during some particular parts of their ceremonies the audience were moved to tears."

These ceremonies lasted about two hours, when the occasion was ended by a general shaking of hands, indicating the utmost good feeling among the worshipers. After the ceremonies were over, the Indians, in order to show their respect to the white spectators present, who came to witness the festival, presented each one of them with a piece of the meat which they had prepared for the occasion. Mr. Coulter received a piece of bruin's fat, which, after tasting, he threw away.

Among the persons present on this occasion, the following are recollected, viz. : John Coulter and his sisters, Rachel and Abigail, David Coulter, Harvey/^-;, Hill, Alexander Rice, and his sister, Elizabeth, (wife of J. Coulter, Esq.,) and Mariah Petty.

James Gladden

James Gladden, with his family, emigrated from Jefferson County, Ohio, to the farm upon which he now resides, in 182 6. He is now sixty-eight years of age - sixty-five of which he has spent in Ohio. Mr. Gladden having immigrated to the country at a comparatively late date, there were no incidents regarding his pioneer life, in Green Township, which he regards worthy of relation.

Samuel Graham

Samuel Graham and wife removed to Green Township in October, 1821, and entered the northwest quarter of section 17, upon a part of which he yet resides. He was an emigrant from the State of New York.

Upon the quarter above mentioned, there was a circular embankment, embracing about half an acre of ground. The embankment was about five feet in height, forming a regular circle, with the exception that it had been broken on the west side by what appeared to have been a gateway. This supposed gateway was about twelve feet in width. The embankment, as well as the interior space, was covered with a heavy growth of timber. In the center of the circle was a mound of irregular sides, the center of which rose about three and a half feet above the natural surface of the ground. Excavations were made in this mound to the depth of about nine feet, which appeared to be the distance of the artificial work. No other relics than wood, coal, and a substance resembling feathers, were found. These were discovered near the lowest depth. The latter substance rapidly decomposed on exposure to the air. This ancient work was about half a mile northeast of the old Indian Greentown.

Another similar embankment, but near twice the height of the one above described, was situated about half a mile east of Greentown. It inclosed near an acre of ground, but had no mound within the inclosure. Tiie plow has nearly obliterated these ancient works, though their outlines can yet be traced.

Calvin Hill

Calvin Hill, an emigrant from Vermont, purchased, in November, 1811, the land in Green Township, which subsequently became his homestead for many years. This farm is now the property of G. W. Carey, Esq. His nearest neighbors were Captain Ebenezer Rice, (father of Alexander Rice, who lived on the place now occupied by the latter;) Joseph Jones, (who owned the farm upon which now resides John Taylor;) Judge Thomas Coulter, (who lived upon the quarter directly south of Charles Tannehill;) Lewis Hill, (who resided immediately below what is now the town of Perrysville;) Solomon Hill, (who resided immediately above said town;) Moses Adzit, son-;n-law of Solomon Hill, (and who resided upon the place of his father-in-law;) Melzer Tannehill, (whose farm adjoined Judge Coulter's on the east;) Lewis Oliver, (whose farm was directly east of Charles Tannehill;) and Jeremiah Conine, (whose farm was east of Melzer Tannehill's;) Sylvester Fisher, (whose land joined Mr. Rice's on the northwest;) - these were the neighbors of Mr. Hill.

Andrew Humphrey

Andrew Humphrey removed with his family, consisting of his wife and four children, to Green Township, in the year 1824. He emigrated from Champaign County, Ohio. The previous year he had purchased the half section now owned and occupied by his son, William Humphrey. He died in 1850, at the age of sixty. William and John Humphrey, both residing in Green Township, are the only surviving members of the family. The north part of the township, when Mr. Humphrey removed to it, was an unbroken wilderness - no house between him and Mohicanville and Ilayesville, and only one or two between him and Perrysville.

William Hunter

William Hunter, an emigrant from Westmoreland County, Pennsj'lvania, removed with his family, consisting of his wife and eight children, to Green Township, in March, 1818, and commenced improvement upon the north half of section 26. He originally emigrated from Ireland, and was an officer in the Federal service against the insurgents in the " whisky insurrection."

He died on the 17th of January, 1819, at the age of forty-seven. He had been to the mill at Newville, and on his return his family discovered, from an unusual appearance in his features, that he was ill. He remarked to his family, "Faith, childers, I believe I am poisoned," and laid himself down before the broad fireplace, so close to the embers on the hearth that his feet were partly imbedded in the warm ashes. His trembling limbs created a great dust, which, added to his chattering teeth, despite their warm sympathy for their father's affliction, provoked mirth from the little ones. This demonstration so annoyed the sufferer, that he raised himself up, and demanded to know whether they had "no better manners than to laugh at the miseries of a dying man," and made an effort to give the children "a brush." His attack proved to be a hard ague chill - the first of which he or his family had any experience - and which, in about three months, resulted in his death.

About two years after the death of the elder Mr. Hunter, his widow died, leaving a family of nine orphan children - the eldest boy being between sixteen and seventeen years of age, and the youngest only fourteen months. This young family, in a new and wild country, struggled with the privations that beset them, and remained together (with the exception of two sisters, who married) until David, the senior brother, attained the age of twenty-seven years. On the third morning after the death of the widow, the youngest child rose, and, approaching the bed formerly occupied by his mother, called upon her in piteous terms to receive him - an incident which opened afresh the fountains of grief in the elder members of the family.

Some years after the death of his parents, David Hunter, on his way to Mansfield to pay his tax, met, for the first time, with Johnny Appleseed. The two sat down upon a log and engaged in conversation - Hunter dividing with his new acquaintance the few cakes he had taken with him to sustain himself on his journey. Johnny inquired into the circumstances of Hunter's family, where he lived, etc., and receiving answers, advised the young man that he should not delay in obtaining and transplanting trees for an orchard. Hunter stated that he was too poor to pay for the trees. His new friend rejoined that he could supply him with fifty or sixty trees, and that as to the question of pay, it was a matter of no moment whether they were ever paid for. He then told Hun- ter to call upon his brotlier-in-law, William Broom, (who lived upon the farm now owned by William Cowan, Esq.,) and Obtain the trees. He did so, and from this beginning, has made additions until now he has orchards numbering over six hundred fruit trees.

About fifteen 3'ears since, in plowing a field below a depth that a plow had ever before reached, some bones of a skeleton, in a good state of preservation, were exposed, and, upon further examination, all the principal bones were found. Among other relics found near the skeleton was a skillfully-wrought and highly-polished stone hatchet, in exact imitation of the most perfectly-formed modern instrument of that name, including the eye for the handle. The arts that belong to our present civilization could not produce a more perfect specimen than this.

The first wheat raised upon the place, which was the second year after the family settled upon it, was a remarkably fine crop. As the family had been without wheat flour since their residence in the country, Mr. Hunter lost no time in threshing six or seven bushels, and taking it to the mill at Newville for manufacture into flour. The flour had every appearance of being of the best quality. On returning home, the children could not wait the ordinary process of baking bread, and Mrs. Hunter immediately commenced preparations for baking "slim cakes." The family were soon engaged in partaking heartily of the cakes; and their meal being finished, the faithful dogs also were were not neglected. Within from five to ten minutes after supper was concluded, one of the family became suddenly seized with an attack of what was termed "water brash," which was soon followed by violent and painful vomiting. Soon the whole family, and finally the dogs, were similarly attacked. Not attributing the cause to the cakes of which they had eaten - for they had yet learned nothing of "sick wheat" - the family again, after they had recovered of their illness, which was brief, partook of the cakes, and the same results followed. Subsequently, hogs were fed of this wheat. They eagerly ate of it, and its effects was to make even "hogs vomit." Chickens were also -affected by it. The only animals whose stomach could endure it, were cattle, sheep, and other ruminating beasts.

At the raising of Alexander Skinner's mill, on the Black Fork, half a mile above Loudonville, a Mr. Green, who had been attending the raising, applied at the house of Hunter for some food. He had been partaking rather freely of liquor. There was bread in the house, made of the flour of this "sick wdieat," which David offered him, with a cup of milk. Within a few minutes after partaking of this food, and having withdrawn his chair from the table, the saliva commenced accumulating rapidly in his mouth. He was resting his face upon his hand, and soon his rebellious stomach involuntarily deposited most of its contents into the broad sleeve of his hunting shirt; which, in the position of his hand and arm, was in a good situation to receive it. He attributed his illness exclusively to the liquor, and after his stomach recovered from the effects of its sickness, and as it was now more empty than before he had partaken of the food, he called for more bread and milk. David, whose love of fun was equal to his hospitality, readily complied with the request of the hungry man, and again supplied him with bread and milk. Soon another misfortune, even worse than the first, occurred to him. "When the paroxysm was over, he gave it as his solemn opinion, that the liquor he had drank had ruined the coats of his stomach - advised the boys to take warning of him, and never drink liquor - thanked them for their kindness, and took his leave.

William Iryin

William Irvin immigrated to Montgomery Township, Richland County, from Mt. Vernon, in 1815, and in the year following purchased eighty acres of the southeast quarter of section 20, Green Township, upon which land he yet resides.

Moses Jones

Moses Jones, with his family, settled in Green Township, on the farm now owned by John Taylor, Esq., in August, 1815. He died in 1856, at the age of seventy-eight. Joseph Jones is the only survivor of his family resident in Green Township.

Thomas Johnston

Thomas Johnston emigrated from Pennsylvania, in March, 1828, and made his first purchase in section 9, Green Township, a tract originally entered by John Murpliy. Mr. Johnston, at present, is the owner and occupant of section 33, southeast quarter, Vermillion Township, a tract which he purchased, within a few years past, of his father-in-law, Mr. Joseph Workman.

Peter Kinney

Peter Kinney, formerly a resident of Columbiana County, entered, in April, 1810, the land upon which the families of Thomas W. Calhoun and Elias Groff now reside. He made some improvement, but never removed his family to this land, having made another purchase in the adjoining Township of Monroe, to which he removed his family on the 7th of July, 1819. He subsequently removed to Illinois, where he died in 1833, at the age of fifty- two.

Abraham Baughman and John Davis had preceded him to Green Township, but what length of time is not known to Mrs. James Irvin, (daughter of Mr. Kinney,) who communicates this memoranda. Mr. Davis was a widower, and had been a revolutionary soldier, and, some years subsequent to his settlement in the township, was found dead on the roadside, above Chillicothe, to which place he had been to draw his pension.

When Captain Douglas, of Mt. Vernon, with his command, visited Greentown for the purpose of removing the Indian inhabitants, a party of Indians, on the night of the day that Douglas made his appearance in their town, came to the house of Mr. Kinney, and stated to him their troubles, and asked him to intercede for them, and permit them to remain at their homes. He accompanied them on their return; had an interview with Captain Douglas, and remonstrated with him on the injustice and impolicy of removing the Indians from their town, since they had agreed to give up all their arms, and have the roll of the men called twice a day. So confident was Mr. Kinney that evil to the white settlers would result from their removal, and so earnest did he become in his protest against the folly, that the captain drew his sword upon him, and might have committed violence, had he not been for the moment surrounded by the anxious and indignant Indians. It is doubtless true that, had Mr. Kinney's counsels prevailed, the massacre upon the Black Fork would not have occurred.

It was a command under Colonel Robert Crooks, of Pennsjdvania, that burned the buildings in Greentown a few days after the removal of the Indians.

William Mcnaull

William McNaull immigrated to Montgomery Township in June, 1815, and in 1828 removed to Perrysville, and engaged in the mercantile business, in which he continued until 185G - a period of twenty-eight consecutive years. He is the oldest merchant in the county, and has lost by " the credit system" an amount sufficient to secure a life-long competence to the poorest family in the county.

John Neptune

John Neptune, an emigrant from Maryland, removed to Wooster in 1819, and in 1824 purchased the farm in Hanover Township, now owned by John Sneer. In 1831 he purchased and removed to the farm upon which himself and family have since resided, in Green Township.

Allen Oliver

1810. In the preceding June, he entered the southwest quarter of section 28, Green Township; and in February, 1811, removed his family to a half-faced cabin, without a roof, upon this land. During the first night the family lodged in their roofless house, the snow fell to the depth of ten or twelve inches.

His family at this time consisted of his wife and sons, John, Daniel, and Lewis, and four daughters. Daniel and Lewis - the latter residing upon the old homestead - Mrs. Sarah Tannehill and Mrs. Elizabeth McMahan are the only survivors of the family of Mr. Oliver now residing in Green Township. His own death occurred on the 28th of September, 1823, in the sixty-fifth year of his age.

Johnny, from more respect to his sense of right than law, would join parties who were employed in work upon the public roads. On one occasion, while thus engaged near the Jones prairie, in Green Township, a yellow jacket's nest became disturbed, and one of the insects found its way under his pants; and although it inflicted repeated stings, he gently and quietly forced it downward by pressing his pants above it. His comrades, much amused at his gentleness under such circumstances, inquired why he did not kill it? To which he replied that "it would not be right take the life of the poor thing, ns it was only obeying the instinct of its nature, and did not intend to hurt him" and freighted it, partly at the place of Mr. Oliver and partly at the Loudonville mills, with wheat, flour, lumber, pork, chickens, and whisky, and safely navigated their craft and its burden to New Orleans. At that place, not finding a market for their wheat and pork, they reshipped those portions of their cargo to Richmond, Virginia. From the latter place, they traveled homeward, on foot.

William Reed removed, with his wife, to Green Township, in April, 1829 - his father having previously entered for him the northeast quarter of section 11 - being the same tract which he improved, and upon which he has since resided. Mr. Reed was an emigrant from Washington County, Pennsylvania.

Ebenezer Rice

Captain Ebenezer Rice and family immigrated to Green Township, in February, 1811. He had emigrated from Essex County, New York. In August, 1811, he removed his family to the northwest quarter of section 29, which tract he had entered in November, 1810.

Mr. Rice's family were the thirty-ninth which settled in Richland County, and the fifth in Green Township. He died in 1821, in the forty-ninth year of his age.

Alexander Rice occupies the farm originally entered and improved by his father, and is the only son of Ebenezer Rice now residing within Ashland County.

Abigail Underwood Rice. Samuel was the son of Gershom, who was the son of Ephraiin, who was the son of Thomas, who was the son of Edmund and Tamazine Rice, who emigrated from Barkhamstead, England, in 1638, and lived and died in Sudbury, Massachusetts. The old homestead, on the banks of the Sudbury River, with its beautiful spring and its broad meadows, is still in the possession of the Rice family.

" Any way to make money to pay taxes, and have a little something to trade on," thought the poor pioneer; and no better way was there than to make loliislcy. And here, in xcarly days, among the sylvan shades of wild and beautiful Green Township, were no less than eight distilleries. A staunch, buzzing, seething, chattering, peerless one, was that which stood on the green slope just a few rods above Greentown meetinghouse: old, old settlers will tell you now, with a sneaking, fun-loving twinkle in the half averted eye, "it made most delicious whisky." But, alas! for the curse! poor men hung around it, willing to chop wood, empty slops, or do any dirty jobs, for all they could drink while they worked. Another distillery was near where Warring Wolf now lives, a mile or so below McKay; another on the Co wen farm; another on the A'" an Horn estate; one on the Vanscoyoe farm; another on Richard Guthrie's; another on Jesse Parr's; and the last one we can remember, near the old Manner mill, on the Clear Fork. Thank God! they are all gone now ! The sweet autumn airs play over the green, grassy places where once rose their snaky hisses and their pestilential breathings, and the brooks and hillside springs and gushing fountains, that were once so wickedly perverted to base uses, now sin no more. "Where stood the distilleries with the cavernous hole dug under them, are now fields or woodland pastures, with only a green hollow, or dimple, left to tell the tale. But, my oh ! how handy it was to have something to bought a horse of old Billy Rag Bag, and gave fortyfive gallons of whisky; great, big, good horse, nothing the matter at all with him; not shoulder-stove, or spavined, or ailing at all. - And the Rag Bag family lived gloriously, superbly, for a whole month or two - had egg-nog to drink three times a day, and a good swig all round before they went to bed at night, and had their pumpkin sauce seasoned with whisky, and their corn bread; and then it was excellent to take the wild, woodsy taste off the spring water in those early times, when the very sunshine would not penetrate through the dense, leafy screen that curtained in their hill-side springs !

And this fine young horse that the wealthy Miss Skimmens drives so beautifully every day, her veil and ribbons all a flutter after her, and her dainty gloved hands toying so charmingly with the scarlet lines! Fine horse, that - carries his head like a Napoleon ! Well, his great^greatrgrandam only cost sixty gallons of whisky, and grandpa carried it home himself, in pails and such like. Boggs wouldn't let him have the big barrel in the bargain. Boggs was close in a deal - Young America would call him cussed stingy.

In the year 1809, Judge Thomas Coulter was going down the river, from Jefferson County, Ohio, with a boat load of flour, pork, and whisky, when a man, who owned a large tract of land on which Cincinnati now stands, hailed him, and was very anxious to make a trade with him - let him have his land for the contents of his boat. The judge didn't like such mighty rough, broken land, and, after talking a few minutes, went on his way to New Orleans. That was a common way then, among enterprising men, to make a good stout boat, and take provisions down to New Orleans, unless they sold out before they got there.