Wayne Township

Wayne Township

Robeut MoRaisoN.-|-Among the early settlers of Adams county who acted a conspicuous part in its early development, was Gen. Robert Morrison. He was born in the county ©f Antrim, Ireland, Nov. 27, 1782. When he was an infant his father died, leaving the sole care of the son to the widowed mother. She was a member of the Presbyterian church, and was a good woman. It was probably to her influence that he owed much of his future Usefulness in life. He also was much beiiefitted by th<? kindly instructions of Mr. Brown, the fatrlily' pastor. When near the age of manhood he joined the association of " United Irishmen," a combination formed in opposition to the British Government. This association was crashed out by the Government, and many of the mfttefbers were compelled to flee from their native country. Though the connivance of Lord Fitzgerald, who was in sympathy with this organization, young Mbryison mauaged to escape. He, together with uhis mother and uncle, landed in New York in lfclO. He was now in HKh year. This party did not stay long in New Afcqyk, Wt proceeded to South Carolina, where two of his father's brothers . with their families were living, with one of whom they stopped. They remained hut a short time in South Carolina. Fronji there they made their way to Ky., and stopped a while'neaf M^ingBburg. When he arrived at that . place all his wort^Jy 4 ^joslsessions* amounted to his clothes and two dollars in jnopey. Here he worked on a farm a while. Daring his sojourn in Ky, he made a profession of religion, and united with the Associated Reformed church, under the pastoral care of Rev. Johu Steele. Here he married Miss Mary Mitchell, sister of the late Judge Mitchell, of for < llilo, | hn bride's tilt Iioi* am) I'litnlly ami Mr. Morrison's ilinther mid lliirlc accompanying lliiun. This wits in tlio full of 1803. They cntne to Adam* coiinly and seltlcd on Cherry fork. Mr. Morrison had now «?ot nunicy enough to buy a jtoloo of lionl. This Inml was nt tlintliino an unbroken forest, amt luid to lie oloarod out before bo could raise crops. With good heallli, be soon had a port ion of It under cultivation, and lived a quiet, happy life, until he suffered the saddest boreavement of his life, in the sudden and unexpoeled death of his wife. Now, with the dearest object of his affection, snatched away from him and the light of his homo departed, all his earthly hopes seemed crush 'd. I, il'e lo him had lost all its charms. Though six young children, one of (hem only seven, duys old at tlio time of Ids mother's death, were left to ids solo care, fora tl mo overcome with grief and a sense of his sudden loss, ho seemed Indifferent lo all worldly objects. lie was roused from Ills lethargy In his country's call for defenders to ropel a threatened invasion. Fort Wayne was in danger of falling Into the hands of tlio Itritish and Indians. Leaving his children In the caro of his mother and uncle, who had accompanied him from Ky., and were living with him at the time, he hastened to its relief. In this expedition- he commanded a cavalry company, and served under tint. Trimble, afterwards Governor of the State. There was saved from falling into the hands of the enemy. When the " general call " was made for men in 1814, Mr. Morrison was dra fled, lie served as Capl. of Infantry. Being the oldest < 'a pi . in the regiment lie acted fora while as Col. and commanded the regiment. There w as, however, but little fighting, (in I lie 2Sth of. lime, 1814, he was married to his second wife Miss riicbe Metlown. In ISili, he was ordained a ruling elder in I lie Assoeialed Reformed Presbyterian, now United Presbyterian Congregation of < 'berry Fork, of which he had been a member in the Ohio Legislature, lie was re-elected for threo successive lernis, serving in all four terms in that body, lie declined any furllier re-cli'clion. While in the Legislature ho bad for ids ass iciales (ien. Harrison, (,'hnrlca Hammond, Duncan MoAathur, and mmiv others who liei'amc prominent men. About this time, he was appointed Brigadier General of Militia, and was generally afterwards designated as Gen. Morrison. His education and ability ns a speaker did not qualify him to be a leader among siicli men. On declining a re-election he was appointed Associate .Imlge of tlie Court of Common Pleas. With this cxeeption of a part of one term, lie served from 1821 to 1850. lie was almul twenty-live years on the bench. lie was not. the mere cipher on tiic benrh that, associate judges wero supposed lo he. lie. was possessed of sound judgment, good sense, and niidersloiid the principle! of law, and often held court himself In place oflhe President .) udge. Ilis advice uniformly was, ''keep out of law, if you can." After the year 1850, when Hie oilier of Associate Judge was abolished, (ien. Morrison held was assured of success bill declined. In the meantime, he lived on his farm, engaged in manual labor, enjoying the esteem of all who knew him. In the hitler years of his life, the infirmities of age began to ereep upon him, which gradually increased until his strength gave way, and he departed this life Feb. ii, 1873, in the Slsl year of his age. Few of our pioneers have lived a more uiiohslriisive and yet useful lile than did Gen. Morrison.

This courl mid in session at Manchester, in Sept ., 171)7. This was soon after the organization of the county, and the first court that met.

A grand jury was called, eandst ng of Jam s January, foromeii; Thomas Massie, John Barrett, John Ellison, Duncan Mo- Kciizie, Jesse Easlhurn, Elisha Waldron, John Lodwlpk, Stephen Harless, Robert Ellison, William Mclntii'o, Nathanlol Washburn, /ephnninh Wade, James Naylor and Jacob Platt,

Tilll n, sealed with Ihe Slate seal and countersigned by the Secruretary of Shite, and having taken tlio oath of olllcc, took their seats upon the lieneh.

Tim first, net (hey did was to appoint Joseph Dariinlon, Clerk protein. They next' appointed Israel Donaldson to examine I ho differont'oandidato! for tho office of County Surveyor; Nathaniel Beasley received the appointment.

Tlio next session was held Oel. 8. It appears to have met lo idlonil to appointing administrators on estates, but Joseph Dariinlon was appointed County Hocordor. There was a session of only one day. On tlio second day of November another session of olio day was hold.

Another session commenced Doc. (1, 1803. On this day Joseph Darlinton was appointed permanent Clerk, which position did eventually appear to bo permanent, as lie held the office continuously for forty-two years.

Tho progress of nations and peoples in civilization, e.illuro and refinement, can be traced in tliolr laws as accurately as in any of their other institutions. A reference to Chase's statutes will show flip ideas of tho early settlors of the State in regard lo tlio reformatory influences they thought best adapted to advance the happiness of the people.

In looking over the punishments-of crimes wo arc forcibly reminded of the bloody codo of Draco, the first Athenian lawgiver, when (lie light of civilization was just beginning lo dawn upon tlie world.

On page i)8, vol. 1, section 4, an act for the punishments of crimes, declares that any one burning a dwelling house, or adjoining buildings, or aiding, or assisting, to burn such buildings, shnll he deemed guilty of arson, and that lie or she upon conviction thereof, "shall be whipped not exceeding thirty-nine stripes, and put in tlie pillory not exceeding two hours, and confined in the gaol not exceeding ihreo years, and forfeit liis or her estate, both real and personal, out of which, if sufficient, tlio sufferer shnll be reimbursed for his loss, and in case death shnll result from tlie burning of such building, then ihe offender shall suffer tho pains of death."

Sec. 5 provides t hat if one breaks into a dwelling house, shop or store in the night time, with a view or intention of stealing anything therefrom, that lie or she, shall be deemed guilty of burglary, and shnll be whipped not exceeding thirty-nine stripes, and shall give sureties for good behavior for Ihreo years, and in defaultof sureties, shnll be committed to jail for threo years.

See. 6 provides, that If any one tints entering a building, shall actually steal anything, that lie, she, or thov, in addition, shall lie fined treble tlie value of tlie articles stolon, and if tlio person so breaking or entering any house shall commit or attempt lo commit any violence or abuse, or shall bo armed with any dangerous weapons that indicate a violent intention, he, she, or they, slii.il forfeit all their cstato, botli personal and real, and be commuted (o jail for a term not exceeding forty years.

See. 12. Any ono committing perjury, or refusing to testify, shall be fined not exceeding sixty dollars, or bo whipped not exceeding thirty-nine stripes, and be placed in tlio pillory not exceeding two hours, and forfeit all tho rights of citizenship. Anyone procuring or aiding tlio commission of perjury, to bo liable lo tlie Hume penalties.

See. 17 punishes assault and battery with a fine not exceeding three hundred dollars1, and the court may, at its discretion, require tlie offender to give security for good bohavior for a period not exceeding one your.

Sec. 1!) punishes children and servants who disobey tlio lawful commands of tliolr parents or masters, by imprisonment in tlio jail, there to remain until they shall humble thomselves lo (licit' parents or masters satisfaction, and if a child or servant shall presume to assault a parent or master, they shall bo whipped not exceeding ton stripos.

Sec. 20, provides that if any person shall bo convicted of drunkenness, ho shall bo fined five dimes for tho first offonse, and one dollar for each succeeding ono, and if ho negloets or refuses to pay Ihe fine, lie shall ho sot In the stocku for the space of ono hour, Complaints under tills section to bo made in two days.

Sec. 21, after reciting a homily on tlie beauties of purity and hollnoss, and enjoining thejr obsorvanoe, declare® that any ono using idle, vain and obsoono conversation, profane ourslng and swearing, especially irrovorontly mentioning the namo of tlie Supromo Being in tiny of tlio dlvlno characters or attributes of his of his name, It is doclnrod tlio government will consider as unworthy of Its confidence all Ihoso who obstinately vlolato these injunctions.

On pagos 140-7, soo. 1, wo find an amendment providing, that any person Btoailng monoy or any kind of property whatovor, to tho amount of ono huudrod and fifty cents (81.50), tho ofl'ondor shall Jrnvo Judgment to bo immediately and publicly whipped upon ills or her bare back, not exooedlng flftoen laslus, or bo finod not exceeding threo dollars, and if able, to make restitution to tlm parly wronged, paying also ihe charges of prosecution and Wii/i/j/ii;/, If not able in pity lo he sent to t ho Work-house, und kept at lull'd labor twelve days - any law to tile contrary notwithstanding;

The luw punishing arson was amended Dee. 10, 17!)!), as may he sec ti on page 283. See. I, declares: "That if any person or persons shall wilfully or maliciously burn or causo to bo burned, or shall wilfully and knowingly aid or assist in burning any dwelling-house, store-house, burn, stable or other building adjoining thereto, or if any person or persons shall wilfully altem/it to burn by setting fire to any dwelling-house,- store-house, barn, stable or other building adjoining thereto, every person so offciulings shall on conviction thereof suffer (loath."

Sec. 8, maiming with malice aforethought was punished t-\ death. Forgery (p. 410, Sec. II,) was punished with thirty-nine stripes on tlie iia/ri'il hack.

Robbery (p. -Ill, Sec. 20.) besides lines and imprisonment was punished' with not exceeding fifty-nine stripes on Lie naked back, for (he first, and not. exceeding a hundred stripes for tlie second oilense. Horse-stealing (p. Ill, Sec. 22.) was punished not exceeding fifty-nine stripes for Hie first offense, and not exceeding one hundred stripes for the second.

By an a.neiulment passed Fell. 20, 1803, (p. 014, See. 8,) tlie penalty for intentionally and maliciously maiming is increased to not. exceed one hundred and fifty stripes on tlie naked back.

Wounding with intent lo murder (vol. 2, p. 755, See. 4.) to lie whipped mil exceeding fifty-nine stripes on his or her naked back, etc. For destroying fruit trees (p. 75fi, See. 7.) to lie whipped not exceeding fifty stripes on tlie naked back, (passed Jan. 22, 1811.)

'I'iie Sheriff was the agent to execute tlie sentences of tlio courts, ami as so considerable a portion of these punishments consisted of imprisonment, standing in tlie pillory and whipping, Hie laws required tlie Commissioners lo provide jails, wliipging posts, pil lories and "so many stocks as may be necessary for tlie punishment of offenders. " See Chase's statutes, pp. 122,431.

Wiui'Inu-I'Ost In West Union

It was of course necessary, under these laws, for Adams county to have a whipping-post, lo execute tlie sentences of tlie courts. For that purpose they utilized a small poplar tree that stood near where the Christ inn Hit ion church is situated in West Union, in which a number of poor fellows have been tied and punished with ninny stripes upon their bare backs. Though tlio laws was inexorable, and made no distinction between mule and female transgressors, us will be seen, yet we find no record to show that any woman in Adams county over suffered tlio inflictions of its penalties at (lie whipping-post or pillory. It is probable that it was generally tlie lowest class of men that suffered those penalties, while its full power conies down on the poor negro like Hie -- hammer of Thud, " for we read on tho-coiirl records of Aug. 18, 1812, that George, a black man of Sprigg township, who had the day before been tried and found guilty of stealing a horse of Mr. M i t son, was brought into court to receive liis sentence, lie was sentenced by the Judge to pay a lino of 8500, amt to lio whipped at 5 o'clock Hint afternoon, with fifty stripes on liis naked back, lie was confined in jail for some timo afterwards, lint lioW long we do not know.

On the same day another colored man of Sprigg township was sentenced for stealing n pair of siloes worth $1.25 from Absalom Burkluun, to receive live stripes on Ids naked buck, and pay a fine of 81.

Whites, as Iho records show, did not wholly escape tlio embrace I hoy Wore required to give tho poplar tree ; among those cases was a boy or young limn, who was whlppod eight lashes for stealing a knife worth a shilling - a white man for stealing 81, was whipped wftli ten lushes and lined, etc.

Morgan and Ids men in Ills memorable raid through Ohio entered Winchester about 8 o'clock, a m., July 15, 1863. They there helped Ihomsolvr s to whatever, thoy wanted. They, rifled Wilkins und Thompson's store of 88,000 worth of goods, then Wont through to 1. II. dcBridu's store to tho amount of 81,000 worth of goods, ami Bobbins Brothers sufferod. to tlio amonnt of 82 503. They then pursued their cottrso towards North Liberty and Kckmnnsville. At North Liberty thoy burnod tlio bridge over Cherry Fork, and nt Eekmunsvlllo, an Inoflbnslve old man, munod William ; Johnson, was shot and killed ; a portion of the raiders passed Harshnsvlllc, helping thomselves liberally from G. A. Button's store. They then passed onstwnrdly, going

Steam Fiiknacb

Tobacco culture requires much care and favorable conditions for its successful development. It demands a temperate climate, and arrives at its perfection in districts favorable to the growth of the vine. It exists in numerous varieties, the characteristics of which arc more or less marked, according to the origin of^V: sued and the influence ot the soil and climate. Leaving the classification of these varieties to the botanist we may observe that for the manufacturer, there arc two categories - the light leaves suitable for the manufacture of cigars and smoking tobacco, and the* strong flavored leaves employed for the production of snuff and chewing tobacco. There are many shades of difference in these two classes indicated by the flavor and aroma, and in their leaves for the first named purposes by the higher and lower shades of fines and of resistance of the leaf tissue, and of its suitability for burning. The processes of culture differ but little in any country. The farmer, according to the care he bestows in preparing the ground, in the selection of the seed, in the planting, harvesting and drying, produces better or inferior crops, dependent of course on the nature of the climate and local influences. Until lately tradition and experience were the two sole guides which the planter possessed ; but now owing to the progress made in agricultural chemistry, certain absolute laws have been deduced, which permit the cultivation to produce with almost unvarying effects the qualities most desired, combustibility and richness in nicotine. The long series of experiments made by the schools of applied science and manufactures, leaves no doubt on this point. These schools have shown that natural tobacco is combustible when it contains a sufficient proportion of salts of potash, and that it is incombustible if the proportion is insufficient, and that the test of combustibility or incombustibility is the presence or absence of carbonate of potash in the ashes. From these observations the practical conclusion i9 deduced, that to obtain a good burning tobacco, which is an essential quality for smoking, it is necessary to select a soil rich in potash or to enrich the ground by potash manure. About three hundred pounds per acre is sufficient to fertilize the poorest kind of ground. The strength of tobacco depends on the amount of nicotine it contains, and this quality depends in its turn on four elements, the spacing of the plants, the number of leaves per plant, and the position of the leaves upon the stalk, and the time of growth. All other things being equal, the proportion of nicotine will be greater, the wider the plants arc set apart, the fewer the number of leaves left, the higher the latter are grown on the slalk, and the later the crops is gathered. Thus the proportion of nicotine is reduced fifty per cent, when the number of plants per acre exceeds 5,000 to 8,000. It varies in proportion of 1 to 127 and 172, according to whether 14, 10 or 6 leaves arc left on each plant; and finally by gathering the Havana tobacco, for example, fifteen days before it ha9 arrived at full maturity, the proportion of nicotine is only three per cent, instead of six or seven per cent, which is the normal for ripe plants. From these deductions it results that jf he desired to obtain inild tobacco, the plants should be grouped more closely, the leaves be left more numerous; that in harvesting the foot leaves should be separated from those oij the crown, and that the crops should he gathered some short time before the unmistakable signs of maturity are marked. - The planter will find a great advantage in following these indications, for although the leaves are less developed in proportion as the plants are grown nearer together, it is equally sure that the weight of the crop will he increased by sixty percent, and the number of plants i\ 'sed from 5,000 to 8,000 per acre. _Th ere cun he no real objection to an early harvest, since the weight of the leaf increases scarcely ten per cent, from the time it has reached its full development until it arrives at maturity, that, is to "say, during a period of time varying from fifteen dry s to two months, according to atmospheric conditions.

AVe have devoted soiHe^spacc to the consideration of these technical details, because they refer to the most remarkable advance made in the culture of tobacco in the last ten years, and it may he added that this is not the only instance in which precise science has been applied to industrial agriculture, as great progress has been made- in the production of the best rdot hy-tlic application of the principles of agricultural chemistry to the cultivation of that vegetable.

As will he seen by the preceding table, the United Slates is the greatest tobacco producing country in the world. It is grown more or less in nearly all the States, though Va., 19 far advanced in the amount it produce9, while Kv., stands second with Tcun. almost equalling her in the amount produced. The quality of Tcnn., tobacco, probably, owing to the better adaptability of the

Tax Duplicate

In the earlier days there appeared to he considerable quantities of iron ore deposited in the hills in the eastern part of the ni . . and furnaces were early built to smelt it and work it mt<y ii "ii wan*. At one time three furnaces were in operation, but il».*y have all long ceased to operate. It i9 not certainly known win they suspended, but it was probable partly because the ore wa- becoming exhausted, Jand partly because others more productive Were being opened up in places more accessible to markets.

Brush Creek Furnace

This was the first furnace to he put in operation. It was huili in 1811, by Paul and McNichol, of Pittsburg. It was located on Cedar run. near where the Cedar Mills now stand. The i»oi ut of its locat ion is some two miles above the mouth of Cedar run into Brush creek, and why it was named Brush creek we don't know. It passed through the hands of two or three

This furnace was so named bccauso slcain was U9cd. and wa9 built in 1814. by Andrew Ellison^and Christian Benner. It manufactured hollow-ware. The firm was James Rogers, Geo. Sample, «fc Co. Andrew Ellison, Jr., manager. R. Hamilton, clerk. It passed through several parties, and w«9 continued until about 1839, when it finally ceased to he operated. It was located in Meigs township something over a mile cast of Jacksonville. A flouring mill still remains.

Was located in Che southern portion of Bratton township. It was built in 1817 by Duncan McArthur and Thomas Jones, who rpn it until 1832 or '33; hut like the others it become unprofitable and ceased to work.

Brush Creek Forge

This forge wa9 built about 1829, by Valentine Fear, John Means, John Sparks and James Rodgers. After running it some years, and after passing throguh several hands it ceased business.

The tobacco plant was unknown to the European nations, until the discovery of the American continents, when it was first noticed by sailors sent ashore by Columbus in Cuba. They found to their astonishment the natives, puffing smoke from their mouths and nose3, which they afterwards learned was derived from the dried leaves of this plant. The smoke was inhaled through a hollow cane, one end of which was introduced into the mouth. As other portions of the continent were explored, tobacco was everywhere found and used in various ways by all the tributes from the north-west coast to Patagonia. It was used as snuff by pulverizing the d.y leaves, also, by rolling the leaves in the form of cigars and smoking them, as well as smoking it in pipc9. Thus all the modes in which this plant is at present used, appear to have been in common practice among the ancient Americans or Indians, when this country was first discovcd by Europeans. Its use is traced still further back to the more remote periods, by the pipes that are fouud in the ancient mounds and other monuments of the unknown races that inhabited this continent before the Indian tribes. The name tobacco is supposed to he derived from the Indian tobaccos, givcu by the Caribs to the pipe in which they smoked the plant. Others, however, derive it from Tobacco, a province of Mexico, and others from Tobacco in the gulf of Florida, while others still claim its origin from the Island of Tobago, one of the Caribbees. The name of the genus is derived from that of the French ambassador to Portugal, Jean Nicot, who brought iu 1560, some tobacco from Lisbon to France. Its use was probably introduced into England, by Sir Walter Raleigh, who was a man of style and fashion, and smeked it in London, on his return form America to the great metropolis. A ship load of disheartened colonists returning in one of Sir Francis Drake's ships in 1683, carried some of the seed with them that introduced its cultivation into England, front whence its growth has extended to every quarter of the globe, until it now grows wild in some parts of Asia and Africa. Although the English Government looked upon its introduction with disfavor, and took measures to suppress its use. James I, then King of England, wrote a Phillipic against it called "Counter Blast,' yet its use has continued to increase and extend, until it has now become an article of general use among all nations and all people in every quarter of the globe, and its cultivation, one of the great industries of the world. It grows in a wide range of latitude. To give some idea of the vast amount raised we will briefly state that

It will be safe to put the total production of tobacco for the world at 500,000, tons with a total value of $120,000,0001 The following tabic shows the approximate consumption for several different counties per head and per annum. This list hIicws what the average amounts to for the entire population, men, women and children, if all used equal amounts, but as a large portion,

The active principles ©f the plant reside in the akaloid nicotine, nicotiaand nicotinine. The strongest Ya., and Ky., contain from six to seven per cent., of nicotine, while some of the milder kind used for cigars contain but two per cent, of it.

The medical effects of tobacco upon the system is very marked whether it is taken internally or applied externally. In small quantities taken by either of the methods in which it is commonly used, as smoking, chewing or in snuff, it acts as a sedative narcotic, calming mental and bodily restlessness, and producing a state of languor or repose, most agreeable to those accustomed to its use. In larger quantities or with those unaccustomed to its use, it causes giddiness, faintness, nausea, vomiting and purging with great debility, sometimes resulting in death Although it may seem to have some medicinal virtues, it is seldom used by physicians. Eminent medical men, however, have differed in regard to its effects upon the human system, whether beneficial or hurtful, as it is commonly used. Even since its introduction, many have condemned it for ils supposed universally injurious qualities. Its use has nevertheless been constantly increasing among all nations.

If, however, the writer may be permitted to express his individual opinion, it would be that the one hundred and twenty millions of dollars annually expended for tobacco in its various forms could be devoted to other purposes that would benefit mankind more than the way in which it is used.

The Infirmary or Poor-house in this county was .established in 1839. On March 5, of that year the Commissioners bought 211 acres of land of Geo. L. Compton, on Poplar Ridge, about three miles south-east of West Union, for winch they paid $2,000.

Additions were made to the buildings already on the farm, and were soon occupied by the poor that required public aid, with Mr. Compton as the first Superintendent of the institution, in Which capacity he served until his death.

This farm and buildings were used as an Infirmary until about 1858 or '59 ; for some cause - probably to get a more convenient location, this property was sold Aug. 7, 1853, to William Morrison, for and 52% acres bought Sept. 25, 1858, from James

This location not giving satisfaction the land was exchanged with Geo. S. Kirker, for 66% acres of land now occupied by the Infirmary buildings.

The deed trom the Commissioners was made to Geo. S. Kirker Pub. 2, 1859, and from Kirker to the Commissioners for the ' farm, March 16, 1859.

Early Marriages

Sec. 2, provides that any of the Judges of the General Court or Common Pleas, or ministers of any religious society within the districts in which they reside, may solemnize marriages.

S.'c. 3. provides that before being joined in marriage, tl^c parties should give notice of their intentions by haying them proclaimed for the preceding Sabbaths in their congregation, c:* notices in writing under the hand and seal of one of the Judges before mentioned, or a Justice of the Peace of the county, and posted in sonic public place in the town where the parties rc- H|jevtively reside, or a license may be obtained from the Governor under his hands and sen!, authorizing the marriage, without tho pti hi ini lion aforesaid.

A supplementary act was passed Aug. 1, 1792, embracing every Justice of (lie Peace to solemnize marriages in their own bounties, after publication as aforesaid or upon license.

Business Directory Of Adams Count V, Ohio

Blair, W. A.. Tranquillity, merchant, dealer in dry goods, notions, hats, caps, boots, shoes and everything usually kept in a first class country store. Special inducements to cash buyers.

Crawford, John, proprietor Crawford House ; best hotel in West Union; rooms large and airy, table well supplied ; good stabling in connection.

Edgington, S. V., barber and hair-dresser, also manufacturer of boots and shoes; repairing promptly attended to. A strong Republican in politics.

Watchmaker & Jeweler

Irwin, C. E., editor and publisher of the Adams county "New Era ;" issued weekly ; job work neatly executed ; this paper has the largest circulation of any paper published in the county.

Miller & Bunn, druggists and dealers in pure drugs, chemicals, dye stuffs, stationery and fancy articles; pure wines and liquors for medical purposes ; store in Miller & Bunn's block.

S. M. & Co., proprietors Bank Hotel ; a strictly first class hotel, furnished new throughout; sample rooms on lower floor; commodious dining room ; sale and livery attached ; Sam M. Wright, Mrs. C. E. Irwin.

Family Groceries

"Wilson, D. F., proprietor Wilson Hotel. Wilson, Chns. E., teacheTof public schools. Young, Thomas M., miller aud stock-raiser. Young, 8. P. miller and stock-raiser.

Hiatt, Rees, 111 acres, contractor of mason work, also breeder in fine 6tock of all kinds ; cattle a speciality, P. O. address, Scott, Ohio.

Cross, Wash, Stouts, wagon manufacturer ; wagons, buck wagons, spring wagons, sleighs and sleds manufactured to order; also general blacksmitlnng ; satisfaction given to all parties. Give him a call ; nativity, Ohio.

Bentonville Business Directory

Crissman. M. F., forwarding and commission merchant, and dealer m seeds, Hour, grain, salt, baled hay, etc.; highest price paid for produce. 1 make a specialty of good seeds, clover and and timothy, English and Kentucky Blue Grass, red top, German and English millet; Pike street.

Charles, David, proprietor of St. Charles Hotel; convenient to steamboat landing; pleasantly located; charges moderate. David Charles, proprietor.

Curry & Ilaught, practical blacksmiths and horse shoers. Ilore shoeing and general blacksmithing done in the neatest and most approved manner, at reasonable rates.

Jacksonville Business Directory

Sproull, R. C., 197 acres, Dunbarton, farmer ; nativity, Ohio. Smith, Joseph, 2 acres, Cherry Fork, teacher; nativity, Pennsylvania; settled 1869.

Wamsley AV. Finley, 108 acres, AVainsleys; merchant and general assortment of goods, in all lines. Give me a call; nativity, Ohio; settled 1839.

Boots And Shoes

Kirkcr& Melntire, wholesale and retail dealers in groceries, coal oil, iron, nails, lime, cement, farming implements, etc. : corner 2d and Pike.

When you want a good pair of custom made boots or shoes, call on J. Knowles, 2d street. Manchester, O., sign of the large boot; repairing neatly done. Terms, cash.

Lang, Aaron, proprietor of the Buckeye livery stable*; am now prepared to furnish carriages and buggies at very reasonable rates ; also good saddle horses ; horses boarded by the day, week or month.

McDaid, John, proprietor of the McDaid House : convenient to river; landing within a few feet of house; table well furnished ; rates moderate.

Manchester Business Directory

Ashen hurst, Roush & Co., proprietors of the Manchester Mills; constant ly on hand a superior grade of family Hour; fee d ol all kinds. Dealers in Pittsburg and Ohio river coal ; goods at J

McCann, Thos.. manufacturer of and dealer in potter ware, marble and freestone; goods manufactured to order on short notice, and satisfaction guaranteed in all cases; also, dealer, in lint* groceries, tobacco and cigars'; 2d street.

O'Neill. Mark, lawyer anil solicitor in chancery; Notary Public, will practice in oM courts ; office over Drenan & Co.'s store. Dike street.

Drugs. Medicines, Taints, Oils, Ac., And Proprietor Of

Trennrv, L. W., Jjt W. & S. J. Trenarv, manufacturers of lumber, lath, fencing, tobacco hogsheads, etc.; also, buyers of walnut, ash, hemlock and poplar lumbers. We keep on hand all kinds of building lumber; bill of lumber sawed to order on short notice. Office. Front street, opposite mill.

Jewelry

Parkcs, J., manufacturer and dealer in all kinds of stoneware. fruit jars and stone pipe ; also, dealer in sealing wax and lire brick; pottery, North Washington street.

Prather. Henry, proprietor of hack line between Manchester and West Union ; back leaves Manchester every morning at ly2 o'clock : arrives at West Union 10 a. in. ; returning, leaves West Union at J. o'clock ; arrives Manchester 3 o'clock, making connections with boats for Cincinnati and Portsmouth ; Mr. Prather has owned this line for upwards ot 23 years.

Redden, J. M., manufaclurer of American and Italian monuments, head stones, tablets, furniture and building work. (fc^All work honestly, skillfully and promptly executed ; office, corner 4th and Broadway.

Rice, E. & Son, proprietors of the Ohio Mills: this mill manufactures the best flour in the county ; located in Manchester, close to the Ohio river; all kinds of feed on hand.

Smith, A. M., manufacturer and dealer in harness, saddles, collars, bridles, whips, halters, combs, brushes, etc. ; repairing done neatly and cheaply; all work guaranteed; Uncle Sam's harness oil always on hand.

Trent, .1 no., liveryman ; am prepared to accommodate in my line at t lie lowest prices ; good horses and good turn-outs ; horses boarded by the day or month.

Klcinknecht Brothers, dealers in dry goods, bootsaml shoes, hats and caps, ready made clothing, hardware, iron, nails, glass and crockery ware, farmers and mechanics tools, groceries and provisions ; good goods, fair dealing and low prices is the motto.

McCormick. W. S.. proprietor of i ie North Liberty flouring mills; manufacturer of the celebrated Morcar brand of flour. Mills run by water and steam.

Eckmaxsmi.Le Business Directory

Morrison, John & Son : the old and reliable dry goods and general merchandise house of John Morrison «fc Son, situated here, is one of the oldest business houses in the county. The business has had a continuous existence of over forty years. They keep constantly on hand a very large and complete stock of goods, purchased under the most favorable r.ircii instances, and their long experience in the goods business certainly entitles them to the large and extensive patronage they enjoy.

Source changes here: from History of Adams County, Ohio, by Evans, Nelson W, published 1900; 2,914 words in this source stream.

County Affairs

. L. Howell Wm. M. Smith Henry Phillips Wm. M. Smith A. D. Fry Joseph F. Mitchell A. D. Fry Wm. M. Smith E. R. Cummings A. D. Fry John C. Baldwin

Whbn Qualitzbd

Wni. E. Kirkpatrick Isaac Washburn Wm. H. Kirkpatrick A. W. Kincaid Isaac Washburn \A'm. H. Kirkpatrick John R. Mehaffey Samuel Jackson Ezckial Pittenger Isaac Washburn J. R. Mehaffey A. H. Mehaffey John V. Kincaid A. H. Mehaffey H. D. Robuck A. H. Mehaffey H. D. Robuck Carev Patton A. H. Mehaffey John V. Kincaid Care\' Patton Jcftin V. Kincaid G. A. McColm Carev Patton 0. H. Emerv

Wayne Township takes its name from "Mad Anthony" Wayne, the hero of Story Point and the conquerer of the Indians at "Fallen Timbers" in 1794. It was formed in 1806, and was one of the six townships into which the county was at that time reorganized. It originally included the territory now occupied by Oliver, Scott and Winchester Townships.

The surface is undulating. In the east central portion it is broken by low hills, and deeply furrowed by the water courses. The soil is a heavy clay, highly impregnated with iron and for the most part produces fine crops of com, wheat and clover. The narrow valleys are very fertile and grow an excellent quality of tobacco. In the western part of the township the soil is a compact boulder clay, and is rated as "thin land." The valley of Cherry Fork, a tributary of the West Fork of Ohio Brush Creek, embraces some of the prettiest farms and most fertile lands in Adams County.

Three small branches from the northwest, west and southwest portions of the township respectively, unite a little to the west of the village of North Liberty and form Cherry Fork of the West Fork of Ohio Brush Creek. It is a narrow and rapid stream and in its lower course attains considerable size. From the great number of large wild cherry trees that formerly grew in the valley of this stream it derives its name. At Harshaville it receives the waters of Grace's Run, a pretty little stream that flows through the north part of the township and which is augmented in its course by Martin's Run near the Oliver Township line.

Samuel Wright, who came from Kentucky to Cherry Fork and erected a cabin where the brick dwelling now stands on the Allison farm, just to the west of the present village of North Liberty, was perhaps the first settler within the present limits of the township. This was in March, 1799. H<^'i'e he lived and died, having reared a large family, of which a son, William, was the father of A. M. Wright, the gunsmith of Cherry Fork, now in his eighty-fifth year, yet working at his trade like a man of forty. He has in his possession a pair of doe-skin gloves made by a sister of liis fatlier, Margaret McKittrick, as a wedding gift and which was worn by him at his marriage. A pair of silk stockings, worn by his father when he was married, and kept as "wedding" stockings at the villaK<' ^'f NVirth Lilicrty is the oldest burial place in the township. Onrraj RolH-rt Morrison has stated that he dug the grave for the first intrrmrnt here, the littU' son of William Davids^jn killed by lightning in the yrur of iHfy2. The nef,To, Koscoe Parker, who was lynched by a mob for the murder of old Mr. and Mrs. Rhine,, was buried in the northwest fiart of the r>ld cemetery in the **f)auper's corner." by old Sam Bradley, at) ex-hlave, v/ho for many years was a familiar figure about the village of Norih IJIuTty.

Tliere are four dnirches in the township: The U. P. (see sketch of) at North MhcTty; the M. K. at same place; the Presbytjerian, at Eckmansvilli*. and "Peoples." at Yonngsville.

XouTii LiMi'KTv AcADKMY - The village of North Liberty in days i^tuc \)\ was a widely known educational center. "The Old Acad^cmv on the liill." with its broad, green lawn ornamented with shrubs, vines and ever greens, is held iti the memory of hunch'eds of fathers and mothers as .1 hrautifnl oasis in the schooldays of tlieir youth.

The l>i\i;iniiin^ of the \orth Liberty .\cadcmy was a Select School t.ni^;hl hy l\<'y. Jacob ImsIrt at his own home in the winter of 1848-9. In iS, I ilu' old \ssociate Reformed Cluirch building, one-half mile east of \«»mIi l.il>rri\. was inoytMl to the village ind fitted up for an academy l>n:I«Imi:, whrrc l\ey. ImsIut taiiirht several terms. In the summer of iS, .'. Isry. laino^ Xrhntluu^t tautrht a select school in the old brick ilunrh south of the yill;ii:e. hi iS^j-^. Rev. Arbuthnot and Rev. W H. \ntl(Mson coiulncted a class in the old Associate building. In 1854, Rev.

Arbuthnot, James Wright and D. H. Harsha conducted the school. Then came Rev. Gilbert Small and Rev. N. R. Kirkpatrick. About this date a joint stock company was organized, and the present building was erected. It is a massive frame of the old academic style of architecture, with great dome rising from the center, and is after the lapse of nearly a half century, in good condition.

The following advertisement from an old newspaper points clearly to the beginning of the North Liberty Academy: **Efficient means having been taken permanently to establish an Academy at North Liberty, a suitable room has been provided for temporary occupancy, and arrangements have been made for opening a School on Wednesday, April i, 1857, to be taught by the Rev. N. R. Kirkpatrick assisted by Rev. Gilbert Small. Tuition for languages, Algebra, etc., $5.50; English lower branches, $3.25 ; Boarding, $2.00."

Tlie Academy was conducted by teachers of more or less ability and with varying success financially, until 1868, when the academy was sold to Rev. Joseph Smith, a Baptist minister. He and his wife, a most excellent lady and teacher of marked ability, built up the school, improved the grounds, and did much to make the school prosperous. But Prof. Smith, a robust and strong-minded gentleman, with very pronoimced views on the questions of temperance, politics and social affairs, was a thorn in the side of a little coterie of individuals such as may be found in all isolated communities, who assume to be social, religious and political autocrats. The community in and about North Liberty was mainly Abolitionist and radically Republican in politics, and Associated Reform (United Presbyterians) and Covenanters in religion, the very impersonation of "holier than thou." Prof. Smith was a Democrat, a Baptist, and an advocate of temperance who declared the secret indulgence in alcoholic drink, a greater evil than the moderate open use of the same. These differences of opinion between Prof. Smith and the would-be autocrats soon led to bitter personalities, with the result that his school was tabooed and he ostracised in the community. In 1882, Prof E. B. Stivers, of the Higginsport. Ohio, public schools, leased the Academy from Prof. Smith and opened a Normal and Training School for teachers. From the first the new school was a success. In the Spring and Summer terms of 1883 there were nearly 100 students enrolled and four teachers were employed. In September of this year, Prof. Stivers took charge of the West Union public schools, and the Academy having been purchased by the U. P. Church was again put under sectarian control. After two years of disappointment, the management leased the buildings to Prof. Jones, now Superintendent of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Columbus, O., and Prof. Dodge, an eminent instructor, who again built the school up to its former standard. Profs. Jones and Dodge were succeeded by adventurers in academic and normal school work, with the result that the building and grounds were sold to the Board of Education of Wayne Township and converted into a public school building in 1893.

If many of the energetic and liberal minded men who at various periods attempte^l to found a permanent institution for the instruction and training of young men and women at the old academy had been unselfishly supported by the comnumity, there would be there today a school with hundreds of students and an institution, a credit to the community.

There are eight sub-districts in the township, and in each there is a plain, cheap frame schoolhouse by the dusty roadside with neither shade nor lawn excepting the town school in the old academy building.

Teachers are paid from $25 to $35 per r^onth, and the schools are in session from six months to eight months in the year. The following is the enrollment in each district in the year 1899:

Samuel Wright, the first settler at Cherry Fork, built the first mill, a tub-wheel, about the year 1802, on the creek near where Hunter's steam mill now stands. Afterwards, Robert Thomas erected a horse mill at this point which was in later years supplanted by a water mill and this in turn by a steam mill. At the present steam mill in 1879, the proprietor, Stewart McCormick, was mangled and killed by his clothing becoming entangled in the belting of the machinery. David Potts, his brother-in-law, succeeded Mr. McCormick, and conducted the business for some years. The present proprietor's name is Hunter.

North Liberty (or Cherry Fork) Postoffice was laid out in 1848 by Col. William Mc\^ey He was a radical Abolitionist and named the village North Liberty, as the new village plat lay north of Cherry Fork, and his residence and store to the south of *hat stream, opposite the old water mill. The village now contains two general stores, one drug store, hardware store, furniture store, and merchant tailor shop, A. D. Kirk, proprietor, and one '" hotel. There are two resident physicians, two churches, and one Lodge. L O. O. F. Population about 300. It is nine miles from West Union and five miles from Winchester and fourteen miles from Manchester on the Ohio River.

YouxGSViLLiv is situated two miles to the southward from the town of Seaman r)n the C. P. & V Ry. It was founded by David Young who opened a small store there in 1840. C. E. Silcott & Company did a flourishing business there for many years. J. F. Young and others also, were merchants in the village. It has one church - The Peoples - in which any denomination may hold service. Population about 75.

EcKMANSViLUC - This is a little cluster of buildings two miles southwest of North Liberty, among which ti^ere is one store, one blacksmith shop and two churches - one \[. K. and one Presbyterian. The villaire was laid out by Henrv Hcknian, a blacksmith, who first settled here in 1824. In the period from 1870 to 1885, John Morrison and son, and later A. V*. Morrison c^ Company did a flourishing mercantile and banking business at this village.

About the year 1797-8 several families, members of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, came from Virginia, Pennsylvania and Kentucky to the East Fork of Eagle Creek, Adams County, in the vicinity of the present town of West Union. These families petitioned the Presbytery of Kentucky, and Rev. Adam Rankin was the first supply sent by that body. He preached at the house of James January who then kept a tavern at the foot of the hill west of West Union on the old Cincinnati road, in the autumn of 1799.

In the autumn of 1802 four ruling elders, Joseph McNeil, Stephen Bayless, John Leach and Paul Kerr, were elected, and ordained by Rev. A. Craig. This was the first organization of the A. R. Presbyterian Church in Adams County The first Lord's supper was administered in the congregation by Revs. Rankin, Craig and Steele in the autumn of 1803. About this time Rev. Robert H. Bishop (afterwards President of Miami University) and Rev. David Risk, both recently from Scotland, came within the bounds of the congregation. Rev. Bishop continued as a stated supply until the summer of 1804. At this time Rev. Bishop refused a call as pastor of the congregation at a salary of $400, one-half his time to be devoted to preaching to members on Cherry Fork (at Norfh Liberty) of Brush Creek. The Rev. Risk was then called He accepted and was duly installed as pastor of the congregation In the spring of 1805 the members living at Cherry Fork were organized into a separate congregation, and John Wright, Samuel Wright, and John Mclntire were ordained ruling elders who, with Joseph McNeil, ordained at Eagle Creek, constituted the first session of the Cherry Fork congregation. The church house was built of logs, the cracks chinked with blocks and daubed with clay. There was neither fire-place nor stove, and no floor. The congregation sat on slabs of timber supported on pegs. Rev. Risk continued in charge of the congregation about two years, dividing his time equally between it and the Eagle Creek congregation nine miles away. Rev. Risk demitted his charge in August, 1806, and until the autumn of 1809 these congregations were without a pastor. In the meantime the members residing on West Fork of Brush Creek and George's Creek (Tranquility) organized at the West Fork congregation and erected Hopewell Meeting House. In the summer of 1808 Rev. William Baldridge, of Big Springs, Virginia, preached to these congregations. On the twentieth of November he took charge of the congregation here, having removed with his family from Virginia. His time was divided one-half being devoted to Cherry Fork. For this latter service he was to receive $165, one-half of this in articles of merchandise at the following prices as fixed by a committee from the congregation of which Judge Robert Morrison was chairman :

At the beginning of Rev. Baldridge*s pastorate the old log church at Cherry Fork was enlarged by taking down one side and adding a room by making oflF-sets where the extension began. One of these off-sets was arranged for a pulpit which placed it at the middle of one side of the building enlarged to 35x55 feet. Stoves were not provided until ten or twelve years later.

Rev. Baldridge was not installed as pastor, regularly, until the year 1820. The reason of this delay was that Rev. Baldridge was supposed to sympathize with Dr. Mason in his deviating course. In 1829 West Union, Cherry Fork. West Fork and Russellville (North Fork of Eagle Creek) united in calling Samuel C. Baldridge to be colleague to his father in a joint pastorate over these four congregations. Rev. Wiliam Baldridge died in 1830. The congregation was vacant for two years. In the spring of 1832, the Lord's Supper was administered by Rev. D. McDill.

On the first of November, 1832, Rev. Robert Stewart took charge of th^ congregation at Cherry Fork and West Fork. He wes ordained and installed in the following December. He received as one-half his salary from the Cherry Fork congregation $219.35. In 1833 a new brick church house 50x50 feet was erected containing fifty-eight pev/s.

In 1837 the question of Negro slavery and the temperance movement, divided the Cherry Fork congregation, and Col. William McVey with others formed the "Associate Congregation of North Liberty."' In 1846 the Unity congregation was formed. Rev. Stewart died in the year 1 85 1, having been born near Wheeling, Virginia, in 1796. In September, 1853, Rev. D. McDill was ordained and installed as pastor of the congregation. In 1855 the present commodious brick church w^as erected. It is 50x70 feet with a 22-foot ceiling. After Rev. McDill's resignation, John S. Martin was called and accepted, and was installed in October, 1877, which place he filled with marked ability until the date of his death, April 6, 1889. Rev. Martin received a salary of $1,000.

On September 30, 1890, the present pastor, J. A. C. McQuiston, w^as installeil over the congregation, at a salary of $1,000. Rev. McQuiston is a native of Illinois.

The church is in a fairly prosperous condition - ^the membership being composed generally of prosperous farmers and merchants. The "clanish" spirit yet manifests itself among those of limited education and of little exj)crience in the world, but the youni^r element is inclined to be lilx^ral and broad-minded.

In fine weather the Sabbath service is largely attended, each member turninj^^ out in his best carriage drawn by his most spirited team - and it is a sicfht never to be forgotten, this line of carriages - a line not exceded in length or numbers at any place of worship in the State.

The last black bear ever seen in this portion of Adams County was caught in a trap by Samuel Wright's boys about the year 1835, near the mouth of Grace's Run on Cherry Fork. It weighed nearly two hundred pounds after being skinned and dressed. At that time deer were plentiful in this region.

In 1883 there was living near Youngsville in this township, a pioneer of the western country, by name of Joseph Smittle. In August of that year, the writer attended a basket dinner g^ven at the residence of the old pioneer celebrating his 104th birthday. He was then in full possession of his faculties, excepting his sight which was somewhat impaired. His hair was but slightly streaked with gray, and he had the general appearance of a well-preserved man of not more than seventy-five years of age. He lived to be 106 years old.