Wesley Township (part 1 of 2)

Wesley Township

WESsLEY township was established on petition of Joseph Palmer and others, in 1810, and originally embraced the territory of township three, range ten, and township seven, range eleven, then belonging to Wooster, also the south half of township eight, range eleven, belonging to Roxbury. Afterwards sections one, two, three, four, five, six of township seven, and sections one, two, three of township eight were added. At present it is nine miles long from north to south, and four miles wide, containing in all thirty sections, embracing an area of almost twenty thousand acres, It is bounded on the-north by Morgan county, east by Palmer and Fairfield, south by Decatur, on the east by Athens county, and hasa population of fourteen hundred and seventy-seven. The surface maintains the general aspect common to this section of country - high rolling lands, and in various localities broken in high hills and deep ravines. 'The soil is of yellow and red clay, productive chiefly of fruits of all kinds, wheat, corn and other ordinary cereals. The industries belong mostly to the agricultural, though there are several flouring-mills, saw-mills, tannery, and other minor manufactures. The timber consists mostly of white and red oak, with some walnut and poplar. The west branch of Wolf creek enters the township in the extreme northwest corner, and following a zigzag course southwest, enters Fairfield from section twenty-six. This stream usually furnishes sufficient force for flour-mills during most of the year.

Coal run, a small stream, enters the township at the northwest, and, flowing in a southeast course, empties into Wolf creek, north of Coady & Gage's mill. Several other unimportant branches are found in the west and south.

Organization

The first officials of the township were appointed August 12, 1810, viz.: Trustees, Joseph Palmer, Cornelius Houghland and John Rardin; township clerk, Samuel Clark; overseer of poor, Abner Woodruff and Duty Greene; fence-viewers, John Danley and Henry Coons; lister of taxes, James Lawton; appraiser, William Vincent; supervisors, Robert Miller, David Gard, Isaac Woodruff, William Rardin and Edmund Neal; constables, David Ewell and Isaac Woodruff; treasurer, John Curtis. In the following October, Joseph Palmer and Cornelius Houghland were elected justices of the peace.

The first general election was held April 1, 1811, resulting as follows: Trustees, John Rardin, Duty Greene and John Danley; clerk, Samuel Clark; overseers of poor, Edmund Neal and Nathan Proctor; fence-viewers, Joshua Shuttleworth and James Corns; lister of taxes, Isaac Woodruff; appraiser, William Vincent; constables, David Ewell and Jabez Palmer; treasurer, John Curtis. Members of grand jury were first selected in 1815 - David Ewell and David Gard; petit jury, Samuel Pond and John Danley. The first settlement by the treasurer, of which any record is found, was made by Samuel Pond, treasurer, March 16, 1815, showing the receipt from all sources of thirty-four dollars and twenty-three and one-half cents, and leaving in the treasury after settlement, four dollars and ninety-three and one-half cents.

On the thirteenth of April, 1816, the road districts were first laid out by Cornelius Houghland, John Danley and William Rardin, under Benajah Horse, township clerk. The first notice against the poor was issued by Joseph Palmer and William Coons, overseers, March 4, 1818, warning "James Lockwood and Pheebe, his wife, and all their children, to depart out of this township, as it is found they have no visible means of support and are in danger of coming onto the township." This notice was served by Michael Gard, constable, and it is supposed that its purpose was effected and that the poor family was compelled to "move on" out of the township.

At a meeting of trustees, April 2, 1821, a resolution was passed enabling those indebted to the township for taxes to pay the same in wheat, to be delivered at the mill of Samuel Brown, now in Palmer township, on Wolf creek, at fifty cents per bushel.

In 1826 the first recorded census of the householders of Wesley township shows a list of ninety-four names. This then included what is now Fairfield township with Wesley. This great expanse of territory had less than one hundred families as late as 1826, shows something of the progress this township has made in the past fifty mouth. He built his log-cabin about seventy-five rods southwest of the present farm residence of Mr. Smith. A few fruit trees still stand as the only mark of the spot where the venerable statesman lived.

Henry Rardin erected his cabin on the farm now owned by John Morrow, in section thirty. These settlements were all made prior to 1810, in which year James Ward Smith settled on the farm now owned by his son, James, immediately west of Plymouth, and occupied the cabin built by Thomas Ewing.

Robert Brackenridge lived about one mile southeast of Pleasanton, in the cabin which stood on the opposite side of the road from the present residence of Charles Haines, in section thirty-four.

Jacob Mullen erected his cabin on the west branch of Little Hocking river, about fifty rods southeast of the present farm-house of James A. McGrew, in section twenty-seven.

James W. Smith was born in 1809, and came with his father's family to this township in 1810, and has lived on the hemestead farm ever since. He was married in 1830, to Eliza Goddard, who was born in New Hampshire in 1813. To them were born eight children - six of whom are now living, viz.: Pherona T., wife of James W. Barnes, now resides in Cincinnati; Elonzo H., now living in Dunham township; Edward F., resides in Dakota Territory; Waldo, living in this township; Lucy, at home; and Clarence C., now living in Wesley township. Mr. Smith has filled several township offices, and has been a citizen of this township longer than any one now living within its boundaries - a period of three score years and ten.

James Waldo Smith, jr., was born in this township in 1838, and was married to Mary A. Gage in 1864, who was born in 1847. 'They have a family of four children, viz: Oscar B., Myron A., Lucy S., Ethel F. Mr. Smith's farm is located about one mile north of Plymouth. He is quite extensively engaged in raising stock.

Soloman N. Cook settled in Wesley township in 1814, coming from New Hampshire in 1814, where he was born in 1785. He married Mary Cook, whose parents were early settlers of Palmer township. She was born in 1786, and died in 1868. Mr. and Mrs. Cook have five children, three of whom are still living, all in this county.

| He first settled in Wesley township in September, 1816, | having purchased three hundred and twenty acres of | land from William Skinner, sr., for which he paid eight hundred dollars. He located about. one mile north of the present village of Plymouth. He had a family of eleven children, eight boys and three girls, all of whom have grown to maturity in Washington county. He died in Licking county, Ohio, in 1865, his wife having died in Athens county in 1862.

Levi Arnold came from Wood county, Virginia, and first settled on the farm now owned by Dixon Graham on the State road, two miles east of Plymouth, section twenty-two. He was born in Virginia in 1801, and was married to Sarah Ingram, who was born in 1803, and died in 1867. He died in Missouri in 1867. While he resided in Wesley he was one of the leading citizens, and held the office of clerk and trustee, and was justice of the peace sixteen years.

Benjamin F. Arnold, son of Levi, was born, in Wesley township in 1825, and was married to Maria Palmer, who was born in 1827. 'To them were born twelve children, seven of whom are now living, viz.: Laura Orinda, wife of Oliver Miller, now living in Wesley township ; Dena Johnson resides in Helena, Montana; Lucy Jane, wife of Charles Barnes, living in Morgan county, Ohio. Levi Sibley, Anzonetta, Alpha Diena, and Frank Benjamin are all at home. Mr. Arnold has been justice of the peace for twelve years. He entered the army in May, 1864, as second lieutenant, under Captain W. F. Dawson, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Ohio National guard. After serving four months he returned to his business of tanning at the present place, where he has operated since 1859.

George Martin, a native of Scotland, was born in 1780, and died in 1832. He was married to Rebecca Mc- Kollister, born in 1780, and died in 1862. They hada family of twelve children; nine are yet living.

Alexander, fifth child of George and Rebecca Martin, was born in Wesley township in 1816, and was married in 1848 to Phoebe Coaler, who was born in 1823. The names of their children are as follows: John, who now resides in Palmer township; Lucy, Ordelia, Douglas, and William, all now at home. He resides on his farm, which is located in the northwest part of the township, section twenty-six.

Stephen Randolph, son of James and Margery, was born in 1831. His wife, Sarah Kester, to whom he was married in 1852, died in 1853. Marian, their only child, now resides in Hocking county, Ohio. He was again married, in 1856, to Narcissa Chamberlain, who was born in 1831. To them were born six children, as follows: Cameron W., Laura J., Clarence M., Everett L., Lowell W., and Lucy E., all residing at home. He has served as trustee and constable, and was in the three months service during the late war. He resides on his farm in section thirty-three.

Bullet

ried ti 1863 to Susan James, who was born in 1832. He came to Wesley in 1838, and was raised on the farm which he cleared for his father, and afterwards moved to his present location in 1872, and engaged in the grocery business; was appointed postmaster in 1873, which position he yet holds. He is a member of the Friends society; also a member of the Masonic order, and is known as a straightforward and respected citizen of Wesley township.

James King was born in Pennsylvania in 1818. He removed to Morgan county, Ohio, in 1824. In 1841 he was married to Deborah Stephen, born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, in 1819. In 1843 he came to this county and settled in Wesley, where he now resides. He has had a family of eleven children, eight of whom are living, viz: Rebecca, wife of A. W. Naylor, banker, Des Moines, Iowa; Nora, wife of Professor D. R. Moore, of Mahaska, Iowa; Anna M., Ida A., wife of J. C. Picket; James S., a Methodist minister; Mary, wife of Professor J. Wolf; Helen A. and Charles. Mr. King has served nine years as township trustee; was elected three times as land appraiser of the township; was one of the two who first advocated the establishing of Bartlett academy, of which he has since been a trustee. He became a member of the Masonic order in 1852, and was one of the charter members of Bartlett Lodge, No. 293. He has always been an active temperance man.

John L. Brill, son of John and Mary, was bora in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, in 1801. His wife, Eleanor Shively, to whom he was married in 1828, was born in 1808 in Loudoun county, Virginia. He settled in Wesley, where he now resides, in 1836. To them were born ten children, nine now living, viz: Ezra, resides in Morgan county, Ohio; Isaiah, in Athens county, Ohio; Hamilton, in Kansas; Commillia J., wife of Aaron Kester; William, in Washington county; Benjamin, at Ironton, Ohio; Margery, at home; John R., at Oscaloosa, Iowa, and Sarah J., wife of William Jewell. Mr. and Mrs. Brill are prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and as the result of industry now possess a farm of one hundred acres of land.

James Bowman, son of Isaac and Ann, was born in Stark county, Ohio, December 15, 1818, deceased 1880. He was married in 1842 (May 25th), to Elizabeth Baily, who was born December 1, 1820.

Henry Bowman, third child, was born in Wesley township, in 1847, and was married in 1868 to Rachel B. Crew, who was born in 1845. They have a family of four children, namely: Joseph T., Elizabeth J., Edith A., and Mattie C. His father settled in Wesley in 1837, where he resided until his death. Henry now owns a farm of sixty acres, eight acres where he now resides engaged in raising stock - -section thirty-seven.

Jobn Morris, son of Benjamin and Lydia, was born in North Carolina in 1790, and was married in 1814 to Rachel Coppark, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1790, deceased in 1843. He settled in this county in 1838. They had a family of twelve children, only one of whom family, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, September 3, 1824, and was married in 1847 to Eliza Ann Tullis, who was born in 1822. To them were born nine children, seven now living, viz: Hannah, Emeline, Rachel, Linley, Ruthana, Benjamin F., and Richard E. Mr. Morris now owns two hundred and seventy-five acres of land, where he resides - section thirty-one.

Gideon Mills, a native of North Carolina, settled in Washington county in 1839. His children now living are Isaac, Reuben, Esther, Ezra and Lewis. Lewis Mills was born in 1814, and deceased in 1880. He was married in 1844, to Ann Smith, who was born in Virginia in 1821. They had six children, namely: Job S. who resides in Franklin county, Ohio; Simon G. and John A., both at home; W. J., in Franklin county, Ohio; Sarah L., wife of M. Tuttle; Rebecca, now at home; Emma is dead. He held the office of justice of the peace for nine years; T. W. .Mills enlisted in company D, Seventy-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry in 1861, and now lies in an unknown southern grave; J. S. Mills is a member of the United Brethren church.

Robert Williams, son of John and Mary, was born in 1813, and was united in marriage in 1838, to Phoebe Boker, who was born in 1810. They have a family of five children now living: Eli H., Jason B., Sarah M., now Mrs. William H. Beazell; John T., and Robert H., both at home. He emigrated to this county in 1858, and settled in Wesley township, where he has since resided on his present farm, and located in the eastern part of the township, section six.

John Spears was born in Pennsylvania in 1813. He was married to Margaret Zumbro, who was born in 1816, and settled in Wesley township in 1852. He has a family of four children, namely: Jane, who resides at home; Henry, who lives in Athens county, Ohio; William and Malinda, both at home.

Mr. and Mrs. Spears are members of the United Brethren church and among its most liberal and earnest supporters. He located in the northern part of the township, where he now lives in section thirty.

Job Addis, son of John and Mary, was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, in 1816. His wife, Hester A. Hartman, to whom he was married in 1847, was born in 1822. They emigrated from Pennsylvania in 1858, and settled in Wesley township, where they have since resided. He now resides on his farm located in the northern part of the township in section twenty-four. They hold affiliation with the Disciples church, are strong advocates of social order and morality in the community, in which they live as respected members.

Elisha J. Holloway, son of James and Phcebe Holloway, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, in 1819, and was married in 1840, to Lydia Vanlaw, daughter of John and Sarah Vanlaw, who was born in 1820, in Belmont county. To them were born five children: Phoebe L., Mary, Lucinda, Edwin, and Samuel. Lucinda, the only one now living, was married to William Steele, and lives in Plymouth, and has a family of three children: Horatio, Samuel R., and Rufus. Phoebe L. was married to Samuel Kirby, and resided in Plymouth, where she died, leaving one child, Walter. Mr. and Mrs. Holloway are members of the Friends church, and were zealous friends of the slave during the agitation of the slavery question. He is now in the produce business in Plymouth.

James Morrow, son of James and Rebecca, was born in Pennsylvania in 1796, and was married to Sarah More, who was born in 1798, and died in 1866. They emigrated to Ohio and settled in this township in 1850, on the farm where he now lives, section thirty. He had a family of five children: John, who now lives on the farm; Rebecca, deceased; Polly, wife of Thomas Williamson, now deceased; Charles and Jesse C., both living in Plymouth. Captain Jesse C. Morrow was born in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, and was married in 1856 to Mary A. Pewthers, who was born in Washington county, Ohio, in 1836, and deceased in 1860. To them were born two children: Lucia A., now living at home; and Charles L., living in St. Paul, Minnesota. He was remarried in 1867 to Mrs. Lucia A. Vanlaw, daughter of Thomas Swaim, born in 1842. They have two children - Emma L. and Myron M. - both living at home. He enlisted in the Union army during the late war in company B, Thirty-sixth Ohio volunteer infantry, and was first made orderly sergeant, and was promoted successively in the several offices until he was made captain of company D. He was honorably discharged after having served from 1861 to 1865, from the beginning to the close of the war. He has held the offices of trustee and treasurer of the township, is a blacksmith by profession, and is at present engaged in this vocation where he resides, at Plymouth.

E. Hollingsworth, son of Elisha and Sarah Hollingsworth, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, in 1827, and was married in 1848 to Mary J., daughter of William and Eleanor Harris, who was born in 1832 and died in 1866. They had a family of six children: Jemima L., wife of A. W. Graham; E. T. J. resides in this county; William D. and George R., both at home; Sarah E. and Phoebe E., deceased. He was again married in 1866, to Sarah J., daughter of Jonah and Nancy Tabenner, who was born in 1836. They have one child, Mary J. They are both efficient and prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal church. They reside on their farm, section twenty-two.

John Zumbro, sr., came from Pennsylvania in 1848, and settled about one mile north of the present store of his son, John, section twenty-six. He was born April 26, 1806, and married February 5, 1829, to Catharine Price, who was born July 20, 1809. They had a family of seven children - Abraham, Joseph, Henry, John, Jacob, Mary E., and Benjamin. John Zumbro, jr., was born in Pennsylvania February 28, 1842, and was married to Louisa Jane Haas. They have three children - Emma A., Minnie C., and Alpha Adelia. He came to this township when he was six years old, and was reared on the farm where he remained until 1863, when he began teaching school, in which he continued until 1866. He bought his uncle's farm in 1867. In 1871 he sold the farm and began keeping store at his present location, about three miles north of Plymouth (Patten's Mills post office).

Ranson S. Gage was born September 25, 1862, in Fairfield township. His father, Horace D. Gage, was born in 1842, and was married to Margaret Josephine Coady. They have a family of seven children - Ranson S., Alice, Alva, May, Jay, Lucy, and Lena. Ranson began to assist his father in the flour-mill in 1876, and took charge of the present mills, known as Patten's mills, under the name of Coady & Gage, December 1, 1880, where he at present operates. He is a young man of energy and perseverance, and, though having undertaken the mill under some embarrassments, present indications are favorable for his future success.

Henry S. Barnes was born in Greene county, Pennsylvania, in 1810, son of Otho and Anna Barnes. He was married to Maria Price, daughter of John and Sarah, born in Maryland in 1809, and deceased in 1833. They had one child, Otho, who now resides in Belmont county, Ohio. He was again married in 1838 to Eliza A. Whittington, who was born in Maryland in 1817, and died in 1877. To them were born eight children, five now living - Anna, Amanda, Euphemia, and Caleb, all at home. Charles resides in Morgan county, Ohio, Lewis was in the Union army, and was one of the martyrs who gave their lives for their country in the prison pen at Andersonville. Mr. Barnes settled in this township in 1847, on his present farm, section six.

Richard J. Barton was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, in 1824 - son of Alexander and Frances - and was married in 1847 to Sarah J. Keigley, daughter of William and Mary Keigley, who was born in 1827. They had a family of seven children, five of whom are now living - William A., resides at Portsmouth; Sarah C., wife of George W. Hance, Newark, Ohio; Virginia, now Mrs. E. Stanton, Athens county, Ohio; Susan, and Mary, both at home. He has a farm located in the northwest part of the township, section six. He has been a resident of this township since 1869.

Jason Williams, son of Robert and Phoebe, was born in Pennsylvania in 1845. His wife, Jane Hance, daughter of Kinsey and Charlotta, to whom he was married in 1877, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, in 1848. They have a family of two children - Archie, and an infant daughter. Mrs. Williams is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; but he, though a strong advocate of law and order, does not belong to any religious organization. He now owns eighty acres of land, on which he resides, section five.

The Bartlett lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, No. 293, was organized October 24, 1856. The charter members were: S. C. Vanlaw, R. Hodgin, S. Heald, C. C. Cheadle, James King, H. S. Barnes, John Hass, D. Shinn, Elias Bundy, Benjamin Pickering, S. W. Phillips, and Jacob Perkins. Officials: C. C. Cheadle, master; S. C. Vanlaw, senior warden; James King, junior warden.

This organization has held its meetings regularly since the charter was granted, and has a very neat and tasty lodge room over the hardware store in Plymouth.

meetings have now ceased and the organizations abandoned, their influence has made its mark on the moral history of this township. United with the religious societies the battle against intemperance was earnest, bold and decisive; and the fact that at one time there were three saloons here, while now there is not a place within the township where intoxicating liquors are sold, is justly claimed as a great victory in a great moral contest.

The first school-house in this township was built about one mile north of Plymouth, about 1819. It was constructed of round, unhewn logs after the style common in these early days. The first teacher was Miss Hewitt, after her were Neil Rowell and Isaac Runnels.

School-houses after this same style were soon erected in various lgcalities throughout the township, and for many years they were supported by private subscription, and the sessions were necessarily short and irregular, and affording the children of the early settlers very meagre opportunities for intellectual improvement. Under the present public school system there are twelve school districts, all supplied with teachers and good schoolbuildings. The number of scholars now enrolled is four hundred and fifty-seven; average daily attendance, two hundred and fifty-four; average weeks in session during the year, twenty-seven; average monthly wages, forty-four dollars.

These early teachers experienced difficulties incident to those early days, when it was of ordinary occurrence to "bar the teacher out" and compel him to treat the school, before he was allowed to enter. The Rardin boys and John Mullin are remembered as leaders in these sports. One time, on a Christmas, they barred Neal Rowell out, and after a long trial to gain access, he promised to sign a paper obligating himself to furnish the cider and apples for the school, but he signed "Neal Rowell, not bound" and it is safe to say that the cider and apples were never produced under that contract.

This institution was organized in 1856. The first board of trustees were: Joseph Penrose, president, Joseph K. Bucy, Isaac Emmons and James King, and Jefferson M. Heston was first principal with one assistant. The first building was purchased of the Presbyterian church for seven hundred dollars, and has been remodelled and improved, is now two stories high, with cupola and bell; and is a substantial frame structure, forty by thirty-five. The recitation rooms are on the first floor, and it has seating capacity for more than seventy-five on the second floor. The boarding hall for students joins the academy on the east, and is operated by a joint-stock company. 'The institution has continued for now almost a quarter of a century with variable degrees of success. The location is considered healthy, the community radically temperate and eminently moral. Present number of students, seventy-four. The object of the present administration is to impart good academic instruction, prepare students for college, and to train teachers by thorough normal drill. Faculty, Professor

The first religious meetings in this township were held in the log cabins of the pioneers, until the school- houses were built in which the public services were then held. The first church building in the township was erected by the Methodist Episcopal society about one and a half miles north of Plymouth, 1825. Among the first ministers were: David Young (Protestant Episcopal), Jacob Young and Samuel Hamilton; first trustees were James W. Smith, sr., John Rardin, and Frederick Cradlebaugh. Services were held in this rude log-cabin until 1855, when the present house at Pleasanton was built. The building is a plain frame, forty by fifty, and is located in the northwest part of the village. 'This denomination has a parsonage in the village, and occupies the site of the former one destroyed by fire in 1871. Present pastor, Rev. D. M. Smith. Services every alternate Sabbath, Sabbath-schooi every Sunday.

The first organization of this society was made in 1837. The meeting for this purpose was held at the residence of Edward McConnell one quarter of a mile east of Plymouth, on north side of State road. The first minister was Lydia McConnell, who preached here for a number of years; then Sarah Mott took charge, holding services at private houses until 1842, when they built a log meeting-house one quarter of a mile east of Plymouth, where regular services were held until 1856, when the present frame house located one quarter of a mile north of Plymouth was erected. Services are now held every first and fourth days, under the ministry of Daniel Mott. Membership, eighteen families.

This society is the outgrowth of the Plymouth organization, and is under the same ministry. The present meeting-house (frame, eighteen by thirty) was erected in 1850, and is located four miles southwest of Plymouth. It has a membership of ten or twelve families. Regular services are held here every first and fifth days. Daniel Mott is the present minister.

United Brethren Church

In early times this denomination held meetings in a log cabin church, located about one-half mile west of Patten's mills, and was the first building erected by this society in the township. In 1870 the present house, located about three-fourths of a mile south of Patten's mills, was erected. It is a substantial frame, about twenty-eight to thirty feet.

The church building was erected about 1870, and is a frame structure of about twenty-eight to thirty feet. This society has a membership of about thirty, and is under the same ministerial charge with the other society. Services every Sunday.

The burial grounds of this township, like all rural cemeteries, are located near the several churches. .Some of them in this township are controled by township trustees.

The first interments were made in the now abandoned grounds near the Methodist Episcopal church in Pleasanton, but.no record can now be found to determine who were the first victims of the common destroyer.

Plymouth is a small village on the State road in the central part of the township, and was founded by Harvey Smith in 1835. The first business in the town was carried on by the founder, Harvey Smith, who manufactured hats in a log cabin in the rear of the present residence of Mrs. Crow, opposite the Faires House. James W. Smith kept the first licensed house of entertainment near the present residence of his son, just west of the town. Harvey Smith soon started a grocery in connection with his hat factory. He would string a few hats across his horse's back and ride to Marietta and exchange them for groceries and small articles, and carried his whole stock home with him in his saddle-bags.

The town has now grown to contain one general store, two shoe stores, one hotel, one fancy goods store, one hardware, and one millinery store.

Pleasanton was laid out by Milton Smith about three years after Plymouth, during the time when there was a movement made to organize a new county, of which this should be the county seat, and was called Pleasanton from the fact that it would be a pleasant place for the new court house. It joins Plymouth on the east, and so closely that it is difficult to determine where Plymouth leaves off and Pleasanton begins. The village now has one drug store, one general store, three blacksmith shops, one harness, and one wagon shop, one church, and one academy.

The post office is now in Pleasanton, and was established some time before Plymouth was laid out, and was called Bartlett post office, in honor of Amos Bartlett, who was instrumental in having an office established at this point, and who was the first postmaster.

The two villages are now really considered as one, and together have, by the late census, a population of two hundred and forty, and never having had the required populatign were never incorporated.

In early times the settlers of this township were compelled to go to what was known as the Barris mill, then located on Iederal creek, eight miles north of Plymouth. The first flour-mill was built on Wolf creek in 1816, by George and John Martin. It was located on the opposite side of the creek from the present mill of Coady & Gage, known as Patten's mills, and was a frame building having two run of stone. From this mill the settlers received all their grists until the present mill, now operated by Ranson S. Gage for Coady & Gage, was erected. The present building is a frame of forty by sixty feet, has four run of stone with a capacity of four hundred bushels per day. The reaction wheels are propelled by water power.

The farmers' mill was built by Ferguason Brothers in 1877. It is a substantial frame, thirty-six by forty feet; has two run of stone, with a daily capacity of two hundred bushels. The power is received from a fifty horse-power engine. Its trade is a general local custom, yielding an income of about fifteen hundred dollars. It is located one-fourth of a mile north of Plymouth, and is now operated and owned by Messrs. Clark & Glen.

Tannery

As early as 1840 Hiram Rhodes operated a tannery on the site of the present tannery of B. F. Arnold. After him was Robert Hodgins for two or three years, and with some other changes of proprietorship it came into made very many improvements, adding a new structure, The present building is of three stories with basement, and is seventy by twenty feet. A stone wall eight feet high extends the whole length of one side and the ends, and two partition stone walls divide the basement into three rooms, in which the wet shaving, scouring, etc., are done; in the second room, beam-work, unhairing hides, and working vats; third room for bark. On the second floor is located the sale room, finishing department and bark mill. The third floor is used for drying. The capacity of the yard is as follows: Eighteen lay away vats, two vats for liming and two for vatsing, in the beam room, and three leeches, gapable of tanning one thousand hides yearly. The local demand is all that is now sought to be supplied. Considerable shipments have been made from this tannery to Cincinnati, Philadelphia and New York.

Levi Arnold was a hunter of some skill, and at one time he killed a deer in the forest, and bent down a sapling and swung the carcass up out of the reach of wild animals that infested the neighborhood. 'Bill Wason," a common vagabond of the settlement, stole the carcass and carried it to his log hut, which stood on a by-path near the present residence of James King. Unfortunately for Wason, he failed to cover his tracks and Mr. Arnold with several of his neighbors followed the track to Wason's cabin door. 'The evidence of Wason's guilt was sufficient, and without the formalities of law the thief was taken and tied to a tree near his cabin and was severely lashed with hickory wyths. 'This is, no doubt, the first and only administration of justice by oorponm punishment in this township.

'The great Indian trail leading off Wolf creek extended southwest, passing the present southwest corner of the road in the northwest corner of section six. In this corner, as early as 1837 and for an unknown time before, hanging in a tree was the skull of an Indian horse. It was hung there no doubt by the Indians as a guideboard on the only pathway through the wilderness, but became regarded with some superstitious wonder and dread by the settlers, and the place was known as the "Horse Skull fork."

Underground Railroad

This name was given to the secret operations of the friends of freedom, known as abolitionists, in assisting the slaves of the neighboring slave States, to escape from bondage, to freedom in the north, or in Canada. 'The line extended from the Ohio river through Decatur and on through this township, along which the fleeing refugee was guided through the dark ravines and deep recesses by day, and hidden in the caves and caverns of these hills by night. They were passed along from station to station, where stood the secret friend to guide them on, to feed, and clothe, and cheer the panting fugitive, fleeing from the shackles and the lash in a land of boasted freedom. It is estimated that over one hundred slaves escaped to freedom through this township during that time.

Mr. James Ward Smith, grandfather of James Waldo, was one of the early settlers of the county. He was born in Genesee county, New York, and came thence to Wesley township, Washington county, Ohio, in 1810. He married, in New York State, a Miss Alderman. By her he had nine children, as follows: Vincent, Milton, Lawson, Harvey, James, Carmi, Talma, Eli, and Lucy. Of these, Milton, Carmi, and James are living; Carmi and James live in Washington county, Milton in the northern part of the State.

Mr. James Smith was born in 1809. He married Eliza Goddard, who is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have had eight children, who, in the order of age, are as follows: Ferona T., Alonzo H., Edward F., James Waldo, Alphonso W., Sarah A., Lucy R., and Clarence C. Alphonso W. and Sarah A. are dead. Ferona T. married J. W. Barnes, and is living in Cincinnati, Ohio. Alonzo H., James Waldo, and Clarence C., are all farmers in Washington county. Lucy R. keeps a store in Plymouth, this county. Edward F, lives on his farm in Lincoln county, Dakota.

James Waldo Smith was born on the first day of June, 1838. He was educated in the common schools near his father's home. On coming to man's estate he bought a farm in Fairfield township, this county, which he, in 1862, traded to his brother, Edward F., for a part of his present farm. By additional purchase from time to time this property has grown to its present size. It is situated in Wesley township. Mr. Smith was married in 1864 to Miss Mary A. Gage, of Fairfield township. Four children are the fruit of this union: Roscoe B., born in 1865; Myron A., born in 1866; Lucy G., born in 1868; and Ethyl F., born in 1877. All of these are still living. Mr. Smith makes a specialty of stock-raising, paying especial attention to sheep-raising.

Source changes here: from History of Marietta and Washington County, Ohio, and Representative Citizens, by Andrews, Martin Register, published 1902; 10,097 words in this source stream.

Wesley Township

Wesley township was established on petition of Joseph Palmer and others, in 18 10, and originally embraced the territory of township three, range ten, and township seven, range eleven, then belonging to Wooster, also the south half of township eight, range eleven, belonging to Roxbury. Afterwards sections one, two, three, four, five, six of township seven and sections one, two, three of township eight were added. At present it is nine miles long from north to south, and four miles wide, containing in all 30 sections, embracing an area of almost 20,000 acres.

Wesley claims as one of its earliest settlers Hon. Thomps Ewing, whose lowly cabin stood just west of Plymouth. Other early settlers were Woodruff, Rardins, Breckenridge, Mullen, Coaley, Cable, Ames, Arnold and Smith.

Tlie first school house was built a mile north of Plymouth about 1820. The first teacher was Miss Hewitt. Bartlett's Academy was organized in 1856, the Board of Trustees being Joseph Penrose, president, Joseph K. Bucy, Isaac Emmons, James King, Jefferson M. Heston was first principal.

a log meeting house and was used until the church at Pleasanton was built in 1855. A Friends' Church was organized in 1837 and a building erected in Plymouth. The Friends' Church (Southland) was a branch from the first society and erected a church four mSles west of Plymouth in 1850. A United Brethren Church was erected in 1870, less than a mile south of Patten's Mills; another branch has a church in the northwest part of the township, erected in 1870.

Plymouth, on the State road in the center oi the township, w-as founded by Harvey Smith in 1835. Mr. Smith was the first store keeper. Pleasanton was established at an earlier date, the post office being named Bartlett in honor of Amos Bartlett, the first postmaster. The first mill was erected on Wolf Creek by George and John Alartin in 18 16 near the present site of Patten's Mills.

Chapter. Xiii

Marietta's historic position as the pioneer city of the Ohio and of the old Northwest was recognized at an early date as unique. In less tha:i a year after the settlenijent at the mouth of the Muskingum was made, the directors and agents of the Ohio Company "Resolved, That the seventh day of April be forever considered as a day of public festival in the territory of the Ohio Company, as their settlements in this countr\- commenced on that day." The day has very generally been remembered and, especially in later years, com^ memorative exercises have been held.

Washington County's first historical society was organized in 1842 as the Marietta Historical Association, but the times were unfavorable and the society amounted to little. In the latter part of 1869, however, a call was issued to the descendants of the 48 pioneers who came to Marietta in 1788 to meet and form a pioneer association. The organization of the Washington County Pioneer Association was completed February 22, 1870, and the following officers were elected : President, William R. Putnam; vice-president, E. S. Mcintosh; treasurer, Samuel Shipman; recording secretary, John M. Woodbridge; corresponding secretary, A. P. Nye; executive committee, Augustus Stone, Sumner Oakes,

From 1870 to the present time meetings have been regularly held on the 7th of April of each year. In the year 1838, the semi-centennial of the landing of the pioneers had been appropriately celebrated and the centennial celebrations in 1888, of the landing of the pioneers on April 7th and of the instituting the Northwest Territory on July 15th, were events of national importance.

The Women's Centennial Association, of the city of Marietta, Washington County, Ohio, was organized August 19, 1886. Its object : "To commemorate in any way it may deem advisable, the settlement of Marietta, and the establishment of Civil Government, in the Northwest Territory." The membership at present counts 127 ladies. Meetings are held Monday afternoons, from October until May, on which occasions a literary or musical program is presented. A fine "Relic Room" has been established, possessing many interesting and historical articles.

The New Century Historical Society was organized December 31, 1888. with 10 charter members. The object is to commemorate the settlement of Marietta and several monunrents have been erected at different places about the city for this purpose. The present membership is about 60. The society meets in Library

And Representative Citizens

Hall, No. 306 Front street. In January, 1891, a granite stone was put up near the foot of Washington street bearing this inscription: "S. \V. Corner Campus Alartius, 'The Stockade,' occupied by the first Governor of the N. W. Territory and by the Pioneers of Ohio during the Indian War 1791-5."' Another was placed on April 7, 1892, in the yard of the west side school, reading "Site of Fort Harmar, built 1785, Headcpiarters. 1786-8, of Gen. Josiah Harmar, of Pa., Gen. in chief U. S. A." On July 15. iS()j, a granite monument was erected in Aluskiugum Park, bearing a bronze plate inscribed "Xear this spot, July 15th, 1788, Gen. Arthur St. Clair, of the Revoluntionary Army and President of Congress, 1787, was inaugurated first governor of the Territory of the United States Northwest of the Ohio River. On this ground stood Centennial Hall of the celebration, July 15th to 2Cth, 1888."

Agricultural Societies

Washington County Agricultural and Mechanical Association. - At a meeting O'f a number of citizens of ^^"ashington County - and of Wood County, A'irginia - held February 22, 1819, at IMcFarland's hotel in Marietta, was taken the first action looking toward the organization of the first agricultural society which had an existence in this immediate region. Capt. Jonathan Devol was chosen chairman and A. T. Nye, clerk. A committee was chosen to form a constitution for a society and prepare an address to the people. Its members were Ephraim Cutler, Joseph Barker and Alexander Henderson.

At a meeting held at the old Court House in Marietta, June 24, 1846, with Hon. Joseph Barker in the chair, and Darwin E. Gardner acting as secretary, this organization was organized under an act of the Legislature entitled "an act for the encouragement of agriculture" passed February 27, 1846, as the Washington County Agricultural Society. At this meeting a constitution and by-laws were adopted, which continued in force as amended from time to time, until the adoption of its present constitution' and by-laws. The present constitution was adopted by the Board of Directors August 5, 1S75, and by the Association at its annual meeting held September 9, 1875. The present by-laws were adopted by the Board August 5, 1875.

At a meeting of the Board held August 7, 1858, the name was changed to the Washington County Agricultural and Mechanical Institute. At a meeting of the Board, held June 29, 1867, the name was changed to the Washington County Agricultural and Alechanical Association, its present name.

Freemasonry, the history of which dates back to the misty past, was working in the provinces when the Revolution with the mother country broke out and Ma j .-Gen. Joseph Warren, M. D., in command of the co^- lonial forces, who was "Grand Master of Masons in Boston," was killed in the battle of Bunker Hill. This aroused the Masons who were particularlv active in volunteering and July 24, 1775, "St. John's Regimental Lodge" was chartered by the "Provincial Grand Lodge'' of New York. The next to be formed for army work was among the troops from Roxbury, Masachusetts. They applied to John Rowe, Grand Master of Massachusetts,, v.dio issued a charter to American Union Lodge, No. I F. & A. M., as follows:

John Rowe. Grand Master, to Joel Clark, Greeting - 3y virtue of autliority vested in me, I hereby reposing special trust and confidence in your knowledge and skill of the ancient craft do appoint and constitute you Master of the American Union Lodge, now erected in Roxbury, or wherever your body shall remove on the continent of America, provided it is where no grand lodge is appointed. Vou are to promote in your lodge the utmost harmony and brotherly love and to [ keep up to the constitution, for the reputation of the I craft. In your makings you are to be very cautious of the moral character of such persons and also of visitors who desire to become members of your lodge. You are to transmit to the grand lodge a fair account of the choice of your officers, .^ny matters coming before your lodge that can not be adjusted you are to lay the same before the grand lodge for decision. As often as the grand lodge meets, you are to attend with your two wardens and will be notified of ihe time and place. In order to support the grand lodge, your lodge is to pay into the hands of the grand secretary the sum of twelve shillings each quarterly night, all of which you will pay due regard to. This communication to remain in full force and virtue until recalled by me or my successor in office. Given under my hand and under the hands of the grand wardens (the seal of the grand lodge first afiixed) this the fifteenth day of Feb., A. M., ^776, of Salvation 1776. Bv order of John Rowe. Grand Master : Richard Dudley. D. G. M. ; William Burbeck, S. G. VV. ; William Hopkins. Grand Secretary.

The seal of this lodge, stiggested by Benjamin Franklin, was made of 13 links around the square and compass and connected at the top by clasped hands. American Union moved with the Colonial Army, meeting in New York, August 13, 1776, and in the battle of Long Island two weeks later its master was taken prisoner and several of its members killed. When it convened on its third anniversary, in Connecticut, Samuel H. Parsons was elected master and June 24, 1779, at the Robinson House on the Hudson it was visited by General Washington, and again at [Morristown, New Jersey, December following. Captain Heart was chosen master in 1780 and after the lodge ceased work in the army he held the charter, still having it with him when he was given charge of the garrison at Fort Harmar in 1790 and on June 28th at the Campus Martins, with this charter as authority the lodge' was reorganized, being the first [Masonic lodge in the Northwest Territory : Present, Jonathan Heart, W. M. : W. Benj. Tuppeir, S. W. ; Rufus Putnam, J. W. ; Thomas Stanley, William Burnham, Griffin Greene, William Mills, Robert Oliver, William Stacy. August 2, 1790, it was \-isited by Major Dotvgherty, who after erecting Fort Harmar had built Fort Washington at Cincinnati and was now on his way east. Master Heart was killed at St. Clair's defeat, November 4, 1791.

The Massachusetts Grand Lodge was informed of all proceedings and a letter from Moses M. Hayes, G. M., December 6, 1791, confirmed the warrant as follows: "The brethren of the Grand Lodge, duly impressed with aflfectionate and benevolent expressions in your address, commend the same, and are pleased with your laudable undertaking. Your warrant is without doubt a perfect and a good one and in full operation until a grand lodge is founded in your territory when it will become your duty to surrender it and be rechartered." On the night of March 24, 1801, the house used for a lodge burned, and this charter was probably destroyed by fire, with all jewels, etc. The members again applied to Massachusetts for authority to work and were granted a duplicate charter by which all rights were re-affirmed, by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts; to Daniel Story, W. M. ; Ebenezer Sproat, S. W. ; Ichabod Nye, J. W. ; of said American Union Lodge. This was signed by Isaiah Thomas, G. M. ; Simeon West, D. G. M. For some years 1802-10, meetings were held in the little Ohio Company office.

After a Masonic grand lodge had been formed in Ohio, that body asked the Marietta lodge to secure a new charter, but some of the brethren contended that American Union still had the right to work under the Massachusetts charter. The Grand Lodge of Ohio thought differently and threatened to proclaim the Mariettians as clandestine Masons. The matter was compromised by Amercan Union retaining its name and number but accepting a recharter from Ohio, January 5, 1816. Lack of space forbids our giving its long list of past masters, manj^ of whom have been prominent men. George T. Hovey, who was first elected master in 1862, and with four years omission served until 1882, was longest in the chair and conferred the degrees on over 150 candidates. This lodge celebrated its centennial June 24, 1876, when 5,000 visitors came to Marietta. Seats were placed on the college grounds for 3,000 and tables in the park to set 1,000 at a time. Charles Woodward, Grand Master of Ohio, was present, Richard"" Vaux, Grand Master of Pennsylvania, delivered the" oration and many other prominent jMasons were present.

The present membership is 134. The lodge owns the hall at the northeast corner of Front and Butler streets, meeting each Monday tliat occurs on or before the full moon.

Washington Lodge was also chartered by the Massachusetts Grand Lodge to work in the patriot army, one by North Carohna, and six by the Pennsylvania Grand Lodge, but American Union No. i is the only one still in existence that was chartered in the Colonial Army.

American Union Chapter, No. i, R. A. ^i., was organized in Marietta June 6, 1792, and has had practically the same experience as that given for the blue lodge heretofire enumerated. Its charter was burned in the same fire and it was re-chartered by the Grand Chapter, January, 1804. Its present charter is dated October 24, 1816. Its first officers were: James T. Willard. H. P.; David Trowbridge, K. ; William Skinner, S. ; Levi Barber, Augustus and Sardine Stone, Anaximander Warner, Oliver Dodge, Peter Howe, and Samuel Hoiet. The membership is about 165. It meets the second Friday of each month at Nos. 133 and 135 Putnam street.

Marietta Coiiiinaiidery, No. ^0, K. T.. was chartered September 24, 1891. Its present membership is about 123. Meetings are held on the first Friday of each month at Nos. 133 and 135 Putnam, street.

Marietta Council, No. 73. R. & S. M., was chartered September 26, 1893, with C. R. Stevens first T. I. M. It meets on the fourth Friday of each month, at Nos. 133 and 135 Putnam street.

Eastern Star Chapter, No. 59, was organized in 1896, with about 20 charter members, and now numbers 120. Meetings are held on the second and fourth Ti.iesdays of each month at the Masonic rooms.

secretary; Owen Franks, treasurer. More than 500 have been initiated into the lodge. The present membership is about 80. Regular meetings are held every Monday night.

Hannar Lodge, No. 11 j, I. O. O. F., was instituted August 5, 1848, the petitioners having been William Alansfield, William H. Widger, William C. Olney, L. E. W. Warner and Joseph Humbold. Ten were initiated the first night and some 400 since. The present membership is 125. About 1862 Harmar Lodge purchased from the Sons of Malta the building now used by No. 2 Fire Department which served as a lodge home until the present fine three-story brick Odd Fellows' Hall was put up in 1894, which with lot cost about $5,- 500. It is located at the coi-ner of Maple street and Gilman avenue. The first floor is used as a store. The lodge meets every Tuesday evening.

/. E. McCoy Rebekah Assembly, No. 230, I. 0. O. F., was organized about 1885. It meets at No. 115, Odd Fellows' Hall on the second and fourth Fridays of each month.

Augusta Rebekah Lodge, No. 272, I. O. 0. F., was instituted July 13, 1889, with 15 members. It meets on the second and fourth Fridays of each month at Guttenburg Hall.

Manhattan Tribe, No. JJ, I. 0. R. M., was established January 27, 1868, and chartered Julv following. Henry Bohl was the firstsachem. The Tribe meets every Tuesday at the Red Men's Hall in the Hagan Block.

Pioneer City Lodge. No. 43, K. of P. (colored), was organized May 10, 1898, with 30 charter members. Meetings ^re held every Monday evening.

tion, was started about the time of the Civil War. Thq Muskingum Ccamcil was established in June. 1889. with 18 charter members. Henry Posev was the first councilor. It meets every nio-ht.

Mound Tent. No\. '^IJ^^ K. 0. T. M., was formed at Marietta, in May, 1896, with 12 charter members, and at present numbers about 200. It meets every Thursday evening.

The Ladies of the Maeeabees was organized in 1892 at Port Huron, Michigan. On January i, 1900, the membership was 56,- 267. The Hive at Marietta was organized in March, 1897, with 25 charter members. It meets the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month.

Marietta Camp. No. 4138. M. U'. of A.. was organized August 21, 1896, with 15 charter members. The object of the order is fraternal insurance. The Camp meets the first and third Fridays of each month.

American- Insurance Union was organized at Columbus in 1894. On January i, 1900, it had 6,080 members. The Marietta Union \yas organized November 17, '99. It meets the last Friday of the month.

The Elks Lodge, No. 477, B. P. 0. E., was organized April 27, 1899, and in one year had erected the fine building nowstanding facing the Park. The Home with lot, fully equipped electric light plant and other fixtures, invoices about $30,000, and is a lasting credit to its enterprising builders. Regular meetings are held at the Home e\'ery Mbnday evening. The general objects of the order are charity, justice, brotherly love and fidelity.

The PatJifindcrs is a modern, fraternal insurance order, organized at Akron, Ohio, in 1898, and on December 31, 1899, reported 5.- 923 members. The lodge at Marietta was organized September 13, 1899, with 44 members. It meets the second and fourth Mondays of each month.

Haven, Connecticut, in 1882, having a membership, January i, 1900. of 26,336. Marietta Council was organized January 28, 1900, and has a good membership. It meets the first and third Wednesdays of each month.

The American Order of United Workmen, which was organized back in the "seventies," and has 16 members, meets at the call of the master workman.

The Royal Arcanum was* organized at Boston, Massachusetts, in 1S77. On January I, 1900, it had 193,868 members. Marietta Council. No. 1544, was instituted December II, 1893. It meets on the second and fourth Thursdavs of each month at No. 67 Odd Fellows' Hall.

Buel! Post, No. 178, G. A. R., was organized at Marietta in December, 1881, with 25 charter members. It meets the first and third Thursdays of each month.

Buell Women's Relief Corps, No. 70, was organized in 1885. Its object is to aid the G. A. R. and to assist such old soldiers as need help, their widows and orphans. It meets at Buell Post Hall the first and third Tuesdays of each month.

C. B. Gaies JVonien's Relief Carps, No. 186, was first organized in 1884, being named after Charles Beman Gates, a young lad killed while in the service of Com. Huggins. Mrs. S. H. Putnam was the first president and served until 1890. The Corps was reorganized in April, 1892, and has been quite prosperous and done much relief work. It meets the first and third Fridays of each month.

Dazves Camp, No. ^o<p. Sons of Veterans, was organized August 23, 1899, with 29 charter members. Its object is to perpetuate the honor and memory of what their fathers fought for. It meet^ every Monday evening.

Civic And Industrial Societies

BrothcrJiood of Locoinotive Firemen, Muskingum Lo}dge, No. 144, was organized in April, 1896. It meets the first and third Sundays of each month.

Aetail Clerks International Protective Association, No. SPS' was organized INIarch 22, 1899. It meets on the second and fourth Fridays of each month.

Laborers' International protective Union. No. 8336, was chartered May 5. 1899. It meets on the second and fourth ^^'ednesdays of each month.

The Marietta Improvement Society was organized in the spring of 1898, its object bemg to encourage such improvements as tend to promote the heaUh and beauty of the place.

The Marietta Baiui was organized about 1884. The number of pieces has varied from time to time and at present it has 21, being the best' musical organization in Southeastern Ohio. The history of the Marietta Orchestra is identical with that of the band as most of members belong to both organizations.

^Marietta Guards, 0. N. G.. were mustered into the State Guards on April 19, 1900, as Company B of the Seventh Separate Battalion, with 65 men.

The Board of Trade was the leading spirit to ad\'ocate many of the various improvements that have been put in operation within the past decade. It has also been the means of locating several manufacturing plants here and of keeping some firms that thought of leaving Marietta. In its membership today are found about 175 names, many of whom are antong our most progressive citizens and from the start it has had the influence of Marietta's best brain workers. J. H. Grafton was its first president and B. F. Strecker, the first secretarv.

Baker, George H., age 16, volunteer. June. 1861, three years. Fourth Virginia cavalry, conigany D, private, served three years, mustered out June 23, 1864. - Baker. Francis, age 18, 1864, Thirty-sixth regiment, company F.

Bachelor, Alexander, age 20, volunteer, August 14, 1862. three years. Ninety-second regiment, company G, private, died December 19, 1864, wounded at Chattanooga and also at Franklin, Tennessee, captured and died in hospital.

Brill, Benjamin F.. age 19, volunteer, August I, 1861, three years, Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, private, attained rank of sergeant, wounded and had typhoid fever, transferred to the invalid corps, reenlisted in the veteran reserve corps.

1861, three years. Sixty-third regiment, company G., private, attained rank of first lieutenant, mustered out July 8, 1865, sick with typhoid, bilious and intermittent fevers, detailed for recruiting service, re-enlisted as a veteran.

Brill, John R., age 17, volunteer. May 17. 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D. private, served four months, mustered out September. 1864. re-enlistment. February 15,

Brill, William H., age 25. volunteer. May. 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D. corporal, served four months, mustered out September. 1864.

Campbell. Alexander A., age 40, volunteer, October 15. 1861, three years. Seventy-third regiment, company F, sergeant, served three years, honorably discharged in 1864, after the re-enlistment acted as sergeant in pioneer company till put in charge of the ambulance train.

Carpenter. George W., age 33, volunteer, January 26. 1864, Thirty-sixth regiment, company A. private, served one year and six months, mustered out July 27, 1865.

Carr, R. C, Fifth regiment, company G. Carwee, Seneca, Second cavalry, company F. Clarke. Leander, age 19, Thirty-sixth regiment, company F.

Clayton, David E., age 25. volunteer, August. 1862, three years, Ninety-second regiment, company G, private, attained rank of sergeant, served two years and ten months, mustered out June 10. 1865.

Clayton, James A., age 24. volunteer. May, 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D. corporal, served four monlhs, mustered out September, 1864.

Clayton. Isaac C, age 21. volunteer. May, 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and "Forty-eighth regiment, companv B, private, served four months, mustered out September, 1864.

Coler. Charles H., age 18, volunteer, July 18, 1861, three years. Thirty-ninth regiment, company C, private, served four years, mustered out July p,. 1865, reenlisted as a veteran.

Coler, John E., age 22, volunteer. May, 1864. one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D, private, served four months, mus- | tered out September, 1864. sick for two months.

Felix W., age 28, volunteer. May, 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D. private, died August 28, 1864, of congestion of the lungs.

Cowee. Sardine, age 23. volunteer. February 27. 1864, One Hundred and Twenty-second regiment, company C, private, served one year and four months, mustered out .Tune 26, 1865.

Cowee, Seneca A., age 21, volunteer. August 12. 1861. three years. Second Virginia cavalry, company F, private, served four years, mustered out June 30, 1865, much on detached duty in hospital.

Ellis, Pierson, age 18, volunteer, October 9. 1861, three years. Second Virginia cavalry, company H. private, served three years and ten months, mustered out June 30, 1865, on detailed service as messenger and orderly, re-enlisted as a veteran.

Ellis, Asbury F., age 32, volunteer, October 14, 1861, three years. Sixty-third regiment, company G, private, served four months, honorably discharged February 17, 1862, for disability, re-enlistment, volunteer. May. 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Fortyeighth Tegiment. company D, private, served four months, mustered out September. 1864.

English. Gideon, age 24. volunteer, March, 1864, Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, private, honorably discharged in 1865, sick and never in active service.

Graham. James M., age 16, volunteer, October 20, 1861, three years. Fifty-third regiment, company B. private, served' three years and ten months, mustered out August 12. 1865.

Graham, Finley P., age 19, volunteer, August 18, 1862, Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, mustered out July 27, 1865. captured at Winchester, July 24, 1864, and in prison seven months, and then paroled.

Grosvenor, Samuel L., age 35, volunteer, three years. Thirty-sixth regiment, company B, private, attained to rank of first lieutenant, mustered out February 17, 1865.

Grosvenor, David, age 22, volunteer, August, 1862, three years. Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, private, served one year and four months, died December 29, 1863, wounded at Mission Ridge, died from effects of wound.

Haines, Josiah E.. age 22. volunteer, November 8, 1864, Seventy-third regiment, company F, private, served eight months, mustered out July 20, 1865.

Haines, Charles L.. age 20. volunteer. February 8, 1864, Seventy-third regiment, company F, private, died in March, 1864, of measles, at Chattanooga.

Haines, Nathaniel A., age 18. volunteer. May. 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D, private, died May 21, 1864, drowned, seized with cramp while bathing.

Hampton. Amos, age 22. volunteer, August, 1862, three years, Ninety-second regiment, company A. sergeant, died in 1863, from wound received at Chattanooga.

1864, Sixty-third regiment, company I, private, honorably discharged in 1865. captured at Winchester, July 24, 1864, and in Libby prison five months.

Heald. William S.. age 53, volunteer. December II, 1861, three years. Seventy-tliird regiment, company" F, private, served one year and five months, honorably) discharged May, 1863, detailed as hospital nurse, discharged for disability.

Heald. Caleb M.. age 27, volunteer. December 11, 1861, three years. Seventy-third regiment, company F< private, attained the rank of sergeant,, served three years and seven months, mustered out July 11, 1865, transferred to Twelfth Oh'o battery and re-enlisted as a veteran.

Heald, Nathan, age i", volunteer. November 11, 1861. three years. Seventy-third regiment, company F, private, died July 4, 1863. wounded in the battle o'f Gettysburg, July 2.

Heald, Edmund, age iq. volunteer, December 11, 1861, three years. Seventy-third regiment, company F, private, attained the rank of corporal, served three years and seven months, mustered out July 20. 1865, re-enlisted as a veteran.

Hecker, William, age 28. volunteer. March 30. 1864, Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, private, se ved one year and three months honorablv discharged in June,

1861, three years. Thirtieth regiment, company K, private, attained the rank of corporal, in eighteen battles, served four years. ,Biu.stered'out August 13, 1863, reenli_sted as a veteran.

1862, Ninety-second regiment, company G. private, died February 22. 1863. while aiding Lieutenant Merril, was captured, paroled for nine days, but stayed to assist the wounded, and died in Danville prison.

Hobson. Samuel M.. age ^2. volunteer. May. 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D. orderly sergeant, served four months, mustered out September. 1864.

Howland. E. M.. age 25. July. 1863, Twenty-fourth regiment, assistant surgeon, served three years, mustered out June 24. 1864. captured and in Libby prison three months, and exchanged.

Julier. D. Alanzo. age 20. volunteer, fall of 1861, three years. Eighteenth regiment, company F, private, died March- 29. 1862, at Nashville. Tennessee, of typhoid fever.

Kester. Aaron M.. age 2.s. volunteer. September 4, 1861. three years. Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, private, died December 7. 1863, at home on sick furlough.

Kinkhead. Benton, age 16. volunteer. October 26, 1861. three years. Seventy-seventh regiment, company D. private, served three years and two months, honorably discharged December 11, 1864. wounded and captured April 2s. 1864. in the battle of Mark's Mills, exchanged after two months' imprisonment.

Kinkhead. Julius, age 36. volunteer, December 12, 1861, three years. Seventy-seventh regiment, company D. private, served three years.- mustered out December ir. 1864.

Lambert. Elvvood. age 36. volunteer. May, 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D. private, served four months, mustered out September 14. 1864.

Lee. Edwin, age 28. volunteer. June 18, 1861, three years. Thirty-ninth regiment, company K. private, served four years, mustered out July g, 1865, re-enlisted as a veteran.

Lee. Samuel, age 35. volunteer. May, 1864. one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-e'ghth regiment, company D. corporal, served four months, mustered out September 14. 1864.

Lytic. Samuel, age 44, volunteer, September 16, 1861, three years. Eighteenth regiment, company F, private, served seven months, honorably discharged April 15, 1862. -

Magers. William, age 17, volunteer, May. 1864, one hundred days, One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D. private, served four months, mustered out September. 1864.

Mains, Abiram, age 31, volunteer. March 31. 1864, Thirty-sixth regiment, company F. private, served one year and three months, honorably discharged June g, 1865, wounded October 19. 1864. at Cedar Creek, Virginia, and in hospital all winter.

Mains, Elijah, age 25. volunteer. February. 1862. three years. Second Virginia cavalry, company F, private, served three years and four months, mustered out June 30. 1865.

Mains. Simon H.. age 20. volunteer. September 24, 1861. three years. Second Virginia cavalry, company F, private, served three years and nine months, mustered out June 30. 1865. re-enlisted as a veteran.

Mains. Richard G.. age 17. volunteer. September 25, 1861. three years. Seventeenth regiment, company H. private, honorably discharged in the winter of 1864, wounded and captured September 20. 1862. and in various prisons for fifteen months.

Marshall. Jesse B.. age 2g. volunteer. May. 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company B. private, served four months, mustered out September. 1864.

Martin, Benjamin, age 21. volunteer. December 3, 1861, three years. Seventy-seventh regiment, company D. private, died Mav 2. 1862. from the effects of wounds received at Shiloh. iMarch 6. 1862.

Miller. Nathan, age ig, volunteer, February 16, 1864. Thirty-sixth regiment, company K. private, served one year and five months, mustered out July 27. 1865.

Miller, Peter, age 19. volunteer. August is. 1862. Ninety-second regiment, company G. private, served three years, mustered out June 10. 1865. wounded at Chickamauga. detailed for team service.

Miller. Oliver, age 18. volunteer. February 18. 1864. Seventy-third regiment, company F. prh-ate. served one year and four months, mustered out June. 1865. severely wounded at Atlanta, afterwards detailed as hospital

Monroe, Abner S.. age 17, volunteer, October 20, 1861, three years, Fiftv-third regiment, company B, private, served four years, mustered out August II,

Morlan, Samuel, age 20, volunteer, August 15, 1862, three years, Ninety-second regiment, company G, second sergeant, attained the rank of orderly sergeant, died May 4, 1863, at Carthage, Tennessee.

Moshier, Daniel, age 18, volunteer, October 8, 1861, three years. Eighteenth regiment, company F, private, served three years, transferred to the invalid corps, honorably discharged September 26, 1864, for disability.

Moshier, Samuel T., age 20, volunteer, October 8, 1861, three years. Eighteenth regiment, company F, private, served three years, mustered out October 1864, in hospital a good deal.

Morris, Nathan, age 18, volunteer, December 25, }86l, three years. Seventy-third regiment, company F, private, served six months, killed at the battle of Cross Keys, June 8, 1862.

Morris. Elwood. age 21. volunteer, December 25, 1861, three years. Seventy-third regiment, company F, private, mostly on detached service and transferred to First veteran reserve corps.

Morris, Silas S., age 19. volunteer, January 16, 1865, One Hundred and Ninety-third regiment, company E. private, served six months, mustered out August 4. 1865.

Morris, William, age 28, Third colored regiment, company C, private, died June 15. 1865. at Goldsborough. North Carolina, of chronic diarrhoea.

Penrose. Albert, age 20, volunteer, August i. 1861, three years. Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, private, missing, probably killed at Winchester. July 24. 1864.

Penrose. William, age 17. volunteer. February 22, 1865, one year, One Hundred and Eighty-ninth regiment, company F, private, mustered out September 26, 1865.

Pewthers. Charles J., age 32, volunteer, November 19, 1861, three years. Second Virginia cavalry, company F, corporal, died June 22, 1864, by explosion of ammunition wagon.

one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company E., private, served four months, mustered out September, 1864, re-enlistment, February 20, 1865, Fifty-third reginiAit, company B, private, mustered out August II, 1865.

Pickering. Jasper C, age 18, volunteer, February 13, 1864, Fifty-third regiment, company B. mustered out August II, 1865, wounded May 14, 1864, at Resaca.

Price, Jacob L.. age 30. volunteer, February 5, 1864, three years. One Hundred and Twenty-second regiment, company C, private, served eight months, died October 19, 1864, mortally wounded September ig, 1864.

Rardin. Andrew, age 32, volunteer, May, 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D, private, served four months, mustered out September, 1864.

Rardin, Eli, age t,^. volunteer, February, 1864, three years. Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, private, mustered out July 27, i86.> wounded July, 1864.

Rardin, Leroy L., volunteer, three years. First light artillery, company K. private, cannoneer, died May, 1862. of fever, in Franklin hospital.

Rardin, John C. age 17, volunteer, February, 1865, One Hundred and Eighty-eighth regiment, company E, private, mustered out September 21, 1865.

Rardin. William H. H., age 22. volunteer, September, 1861, three years. Second Virginia cavalry, company F, private, mustered out June 30, i86Sj wounded at .Guyandotte.

Reed. John W.. age 17. volunteer. July 4, 1863, three years. First heavy artillery, company I, private, served two years, mustered out July 25, 1865.

Rowland. John, age 17, volunteer, November, 1861, three years. Seventy-seventh regiment, company F, private, mustered out March 8, 1866, wounded at Shiloh, captured in the Red River expedition, held ten months.

Roman. Isaac, age 20, volunteer, October 8. 1861, three years, Sixty-third regiment, private, served one year, honorably discharged November, 1862. for disability, wounded at battle of Corinth, re-enlistment May. 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Fortyeighth regiment, company D. sergeant, served four months, mustered out September, 1864.

Sharpe, Joel, age 19. volunteer^ May^ 1864, one hundred days, One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D. private, served four months, mustered out September, 1864, re-enlistment February 22, 1865. One Hundred and Eighty-ninth regiment, company F, private, served seven months, mustered out September 28, 1865.

Shaner, Emmor, age 24, volunteer, August 8. 1862, three years. Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, private, served three months, honorably discharged November 24. 1862, for disability.

Sheets. Henry C, age 32, volunteer, September 24, 1861, three years, Eighteenth regiment, company I, private, served three years, mustered out November 9, 1864:

Shinn, James H., age 19, volunteer. One Hundred and Twenty-second regiment, company C.. private, died 1864. at the battle of the WildernessT

Sivill, Tobias, age 16, volunteer, October 14, 1861, three years. Sixty-third regiment, company G, private, served three vears and ten months, mustered out July 8, 1865.

Sivill, Nathan, age 18, volunteer, September 22, 1861, three years, Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, private, died February 8, 1862, of measles and typhoid fever.

Slotterback, Joseph, age 18, volunteer, March 2, 1864. Seventy-seventh regiment, company F, private, captured at Mark's Mills April 25, 1864, and died in Tyler prison June 29. 1864, of typhoid fever.

Slotterback, Henry, age 24, volunteer. February 23, 1864, Seventy-seventh regiment, company F, private, died July 6, 1864, of typhoid fever.

Smith, Josiah, age 18. volunteer, October 10, 1861, Second Virginia cavalry company H, private, captured, and supposed to haye died in prison.

Spear, Henry L.. age 23. volunteer, February 29, 1864, Seventy-seventh regiment, company C, private, served two years, mustered out"March 8, 1S66, captured and in Tyler prison for ten months.

Stoneman. Jasper, age 20, volunteer, i86l, three years, Sixty-third regiment, company G, sergeant, served seven months, died of typhoid fever at Nashville, June, 1862.

Taylor, David, age 55. volunteer, October 11, 1861, three years. Seventy-third regiment, company F, private, served four months, honorably discharged February II. 1862, discharged for disability and died at home, April 11, 1862. of lung disease.

Taylor, William W., age 31, volunteer, August 18, 1861. three years. Eighteenth regiment, company C, private, served four months, mustered out October 9, 1865. re-enlisted as a veteran, captured September, 1863, in Libby. Danville. Andersonville and Florence prisons.

Taylor. Brintal. age 27, volunteer, three years, August 18, 1861. Eighteenth regiment, company C, private, honorably discharged February, 1865. _

Taylor, Finley W., age 18, volunteer, August 18, 1861. three years. Eighteenth regiment, company C, private, served three years, mustered out November, 1864.

Taylor, John Wesley, age 15, volunteer, August 18, 1861, three years. Eighteenth regiment, company C, private, served three years, mustered out November 10, 1864, captured at battle of Stone River, held six weeks and paroled.

Taylor. Wilson P., age 14, volunteer. May, 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D. private, served four months, mustered out September, 1864, re-enlistment, February 15, 1865, six months. One Hundred and Eighty-ninth regiment, company F. private, served seven months, mustered out September 2.,. iS6.i.

Underwood. William H.. age 22. volunteer, September 22, 1861, three years. Nineteenth regiment, company D, private, attained rank of orderly sergeant, served four years, mustered out October 21. 1865.

Vanfleet, John, age 23. volunteer, October, 1861, three years. Seventy-seventh regiment, company F, private, missing, re-enlisted as a veteran.

Way, Milton, age 18, volunteer, January 20, 1862, three years. Twentieth regiment, company I, private, served three years and five months, mustered out July 15, 1865.

Way. Samuel, age 24. volunteer, August, 1862, three years, Ninety-second regiment, company A, private, served seven months, died March 20. 1863, at Carthage.

Wilson, Washington, age 24, volunteer. November 5, 1861, three years. Sixty-third regiment, company G, private, served nine months, honorably discharged August 27, 1862, for disability.

Wilson. James M.. age 20, volunteer. November 3, 1861. three years. Sixty-third regiment, company G, corporal, died September, 1864, of camp disease at Atlanta. Georgia.

Wilson, Npthan, age 34, volunteer. May. 1864. one hundred days, One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D, private, served four months, mustered out September, 1864.

Wilson James C, age Z7. August 8. 1862, three years. Thirty-sixth regiment, company I, private, served two months, honorably discharged October 30, 1862, for disability, wounded at Antietam.

1861, three years. Thirty-sixth regiment, company F, private, mustered out October 6, 1864. wounded at South Mountain. Mission Ridge and Winchester.

Wilson, Andrew P., age 29, volunteer. May. 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D, corporal, served four months, mustered out September, 1864.

Wilson, Jacob P.. age 21, volunteer, August, 1861, three years. Thirty-sixth regiment, company F. private, served three years, mustered out August I, 1864.

Wilson. William F.. age 34. volunteer. May. 1864, one hundred days, One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D, private, served four months, mustered out September, 1864.

Witham. Nathan R.. age 39. volunteer, May. 1864, one hundred days. One Hundred and Forty-eighth regiment, company D. private, served four months, mustered out September, 1864.

Witham. Wesley K., age 20. volunteer. February 15. 1865. six months. One Hundred and Eighty-ninth regiment, company F. private, served seven months, mustered out September 28, 1865.

Recapitulation

One each in Third Ohio, Fifteenth Ohio, Twentyfourth Ohio. Twenty-fifth Ohio. Sixtieth Ohio Twentieth Ohio. Twenty-eighth Ohio. Eightyseventh Ohio. One Hundred and Twentyninth Ohio. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth

Artillery

One each in the Eleventh and Eighteenth Ohio independent batteries. First L^nited States artillery. First New York artillery. Second Arkansas light artillery. First Iowa light artillery, and Fourteenth L^iited States colored heavy

Twenty-sevcmii L",iiir(! States ciilored regiment. . . 5 One each in tlie F,.iirth, Sixth. Seventh. Twentyninth, Thirtv-tit-i. TIii,tv-~cventh. Fortv-fifth. Forty-ninth, Fifty-sccii,!. Fiftv-ninth, Sixtyfirst, Scventy-secnnd, Seventy-sixth. Eightyfirst. Eighty-niiuh. Xiiietv-fir.-t. Ninety-seveiitli. One Hundred and Fourth, One Hundred and Seventeenth, One Hundred and Twenty- ! eighth, One Hundred and Thirty-second, One Hundred and Thirty-fifth, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Ohio. One Hundred and Seventy-eighth. One Hundred and Eighty-third. One Hundred and Eighty-fifth. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth, and One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Ohio, Third and Twelfth Virginia, Twentieth, Twenty-first. Twenty-seventh, Fortieth. Fi.irtv-first, and Forty-ninth Illinois, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Twenty-eighth, Sixty-second, One Hundredth, , One Hundred and First and One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Pennsylvania, Eighteenth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-third Kentucky, First, Thirty-sixth, Eleventh, and Forty-seventh Iowa, Forty-second and Eighty-seventh Indiana, First Michigan, Fifteenth Tennessee. Nineteenth Massachusetts. Fourteenth United States. One Hundred and Ninth. Fourth. One Hundred and First, One Hundredth, and Twentieth United States colored. Tenth California 63

The losses of the war fell heavily upon Washington County, and the number who lost their lives in the service seems large when compared with the total number who went out. and one of the first acts of the public-spirited citizens of the county after the war was over was to secure the erection of a suitable monument to commemorate the great sacrifice of life in the glorious cause of the Union. Accordingly, as early as June 7, 1865, a meeting was held in the interests of the enterprise.

On Wednesday forenoon, June 7, immediately after the adjournment of the session of the County Commissioners, the gentlemen constituting the board, to-\vit : J. J. Hollister. W. Thomas, and Anthony Sheets, together with several other citizens, held a meeting at the office of the county auditor, to consider the propriety and feasibility of erecting a monument to the memory of the soldiers from Washington County, who had fallen in this war against the Rebellion. A. R. Darrow was appointed chairman, R. M. Stimson, secretary. J. J. Hollister made some feeling lemarks as to the exceeding propriety of the noble object, and gave some facts and figures from the tax duplicate touching the increased wealth and prosperity of the county - showing that a tax of one mill on a dollar would raise $13,000.

Mr. Darrow, Captain McCormick, Hon. W. F. Curtis, Mr. Sheets, W. S. Ward, R. M. Stimson, Rufus E. Harte, and otliers, made brief remarks, and all agreed that the object ought and could be carried into effect, by taxation, or by subscriptions, or by both methods in conjunction - erecting a monument that should be an honor to the county, and to the noble dead whose names should be thereon engraved.

J. J. Hollister, A. R. Darrow. and Rufus E. Harte were appointed a committee to devise a plan for the erection of the monument, to report at a future meeting.

It was resolved to call a meeting of the citizens of Washington County, to be held at the Court House in Marietta, on Friday, July 14, 1865, at two o'clock, P. M., the day on which the county commissioners held an adjourned session, to organize for the erection of the monument.

The hope was expressed that public-spirited citizens from every township in the county would be present. A. R. Darrow was chairman of this meeting and R. M. Stimson, secretary. Accordingly, at the time and place named, the friends of the movement assembled and effected a temporary organization by electing F. A. Wheeler chairman; and Theodore G. Fields, secretary. Rufus E. Harte, chair- j man of the committee on permanent organization, then reported a scheme of organization, including a preamble and nine articles, which was unanimously adopted and signed by 41 citizens,* and the association adjourned to meet on the day named in the constitution for the regular annual meeting, the second Tuesday in August (8th). 1865, at two P. M.

One of the central ideas of the association was to construct a monument in such form that the names of the soldiers could be engraved on the monumental stone, an idea which was abandoned in the practical working out of the plan, as will be seen further on in this sketch.

The association was duly incorporated under the laws of Ohio, and on August 8, 1865, the following-named officers and trustees were elected : President, Rufus E. Harte, cx oificio al trustee ; clerk, Theodore G. Field ; trustees for one year, John C. Paxton, J. W. Andrews and William F. Curtis; trustees for two years, Rufus R. Dawes, Enoch S. Mcintosh and Henry H. Drown; trustees for three years, Samuel C. Skinner, T. W. Moore and A. W. McCormick.

The trustees began their work at once. They procured a handsomely lithographed certificate of membership graded at different prices, so that all, even the children, of a family could become members and thus help on the great undertaking. Agents were appointed in the different townships to solicit subscriptions, and to circulate the certificates of membership. On August 14, 1866, Gen. R. R. Dawes, president of the trustees, reported the following assets :

*The following were the persons present at the first meeting: J. J. Hollister, J. W. Andrews, E. Corey, W. P. Skinner, L, W. Chamberlain, S. C. Skinner, R. M. Stimson, David Alban, J. C. Paxton, William B. Loomis, R. R. Dawes, T. G. Field, R. K. Shaw, S. B. Robinson, C. F. Buell, J. S. Sprague, S. S. Knowles, Eli Johnson, C. R. Rhodes, A. W. McCormick. William F. Curtis, R. E. Harte, T. W. Moore, A. R. Darrow, I. N. Carman, B. F. Hart, H. H. Drown, J. D. Cotton. F. A, Wheeler, W. B. Hollister, Owen Franks, Z. G. Bundv, John Jones, A. T. Nve, Thomas Henton, L. S. Protsman, S. Ma.xwell, D. P". Bosworth, W. S. Ward, B. F. Pixley, S. Newton.

General Dawes pushed the sales of certificates of membership so that by August 13. 1867, he was enabled to turn over to Hon. W. F. Curtis, treasurer of the trustees, $2,735.09. Up to that date the finances of the association were mainly under the direction of Gen. R. R. Dawes. On August 19, 1868, Mr. Curtis reported $2,890.03. We find no further signs of the treasurer for fwe years.

When, on August 12, 1873, Mr. Curtis reported the fund at $3,861.13, and in connection therewith he said : "Tlie premium on the fivetwenty bond and the interest due on the Salem bond will increase the above amount to something over four thousand dollars." General Dawes moved the thanks of the association be tendered Mr. Curtis for his efficient efforts in increasing the funds in something over one thousand and two hundred dollars, which motion was carried unanimously. Tlie trustees now felt justified in receiving bids for the construction of the monument, and the following resolution was adopted :

Resolved. That a committee of three trustees be appointed to correspond with such persons as they may select, and receive proposals for a monument, and report at the next annual meeting of the association, the designs to be reported with the bids, and fully exemplified, provided that the cost of the monument shall not exceed six thousand dollars.

At the next annual meeting the committee reported having received a limited number of bids which upon examination proved unsatisfactory. The committee were then directed to procure other bids, and ''that the designs should be for a shaft surmounted by a figure of a soldier in uniform, the material granite and the cost not to exceed five thousand dollars," and to report by September 20th the same year (1874), at which date it was voted to contract with T. O'Hare. of Cincinnati, Ohio, for a monument at the sum of $4,550, which they did, the work to be delivered in six months. The contract was afterward modified so that the material should be Ouincy granite instead of "light granite." at an additional cost of $150, making the total $4,700. The site for the monument was chosen after due consideration of all "other points, it being a point on the common 50 feet from Front street and the same distance from the line of Putnam street, in the city of Marietta.*

The monument was completed in due time and was highly spoken of as a work of art. The art critic of a leading Cincinnati journal spoke in high terms of the work of Thomas O'Hare. more especially of the statue, intended for the top. He said :

The sculptor has wisely refrained from an attempt to create in marble any ideal type of soldiery manhood ; he has only striven to represent the young farmer-soldier, sun-browned and vigorous from healthy labor in the field, imbued with the natural heroism inherited by the descendants of a race of hunters, and sternly calm in the firm consciousness of duty. The young soldier figure is altogether characterized less bygrace than by strength - not the trained strength of a well muscled athlete, but with ponderous physical force of a western laborer, with tendons hardened by field work, and such a frame work of bone as only those who live upon a phosphatic country diet possess.

We have no fancy warrior in this memorial statue, but only the image of a fair-haired country youth of rugged face and form, like hundreds who left their homes to die for the Union. Men and women, husbands and mothers, brothers and sisters of the soldier-dead of Ohio will recognize in the pathetic truthfulness of the marble feature some memory of loved ones lost. And this is what the public demand in such works, and what even the most unpatriotic mind may admire.

It is rather a pity that the statue itself, which is but six feet high, is to stand upon a pedestal 26 feet in height. At such an altitude the finer beauties of the statue cannot be advantageously seen. Considering the size of the pedestal, the statue should have been colossal.

The pedestal will, however, be very handsome - a quadrilateral shaft of Quincy granite^ with belts of the same material bearing in raised letters the names:

Above the first belt will be the figure of an eagle with outspread wings, perching on a shield in Carrara marble - the same material used in the statue.

Erected in memory of the soldiers of Washington County, Ohio, who lost their lives in the United States service in the war for the suppression of the Rebellion of 1861.

Washington County was represented in the following and many other organizations: Thirty-sixth, Thirty-ninth. Sixty-third. Seventy-third, Eighty-seventh, Ninety-second, and One Hundred and Forty-eighth Ohio Infantry. First, Seventh, and Ninth Ohio and Second West Virginia Cavalry, and First Ohio and First West Virginia Light Artillery.

The base of the monument was completed May 31, 1875. In an excavation in the center stone was placed a tin box hermetically sealed, in which were placed lists of county and city ofticers. etc.*

The monument having been completed, preparations were made without delay for the dedication. On May 14, 1875, the trustees had appointed R. £. Harte, R. R. Dawes, and the

*The following is a list of the articles in the box : Holy Bible, presented by the Washington County Bible Society ; Constitution of the United States, with manual of same, by I. W. Andrews, presented by J. M. Fuller ; Constitution of Ohio, with volume of Ohio laws, 1873 ; brief history of Washington County Soldiers' Monument Association, and a list of its officers from organization to date ; constitution or articles of association of the Washington County Soldiers' Monument Association: roll of the officers of Washington County; roll of officers of the city of Marietta ; copies of the Marietta Register, Times, College Olio, and Zcitung; revised ordinances of the city of Marietta, presented by S. J. Hathaway: directory of the churches of Marietta and Harmar: Masonic calendar of American Union lodge and chapter and Harmar lodge. The constitution and by-laws and list of officers of the following benevolent societies : Elk Eye encampment and Marietta and Guttenburg lodge of Odd Fellows. Manhattan and Muskingum tribes of Red Men. Reynold lodge Knights of Pythias. Marietta and Harmar lodges of Good Templars; also a roll of Pierpont Battery; a copy of the Boston Post, one hundred years old ; a premium list and list of officers of the Washington County Agricultural and Mechanical Association, and various other articles presented by citizens.

secretary, R. L. Nye, a committee on dedication, with instructions that the secretary correspond with General Rutherford B. Hayes, invitin.s: hiiu to deliver the dedicatory oration, but owing to other engagements he declined.

General W. T. Sherman. General John Po]ie. General George Crook. General Edward F. Xoyes, and other distinguished military men were invited to be present. General T. C. H. Smith, of Marietta, was hnally chosen to deliver the oration, and September 17, 1875, fi-^ed as the day for the ceremonies.

On the appointed day, at 10 a. m., a large concourse of people from different parts of the county, estimated at three thousand, assembled to witness the dedication. On the speakers' stand, near the monument, was General John Pope, of the regular army, General Manning F. Force, of Cincinnati, and others. General Smith's oration was an eloquait tribute to the noble dead of the county, of which we are able to give only the closing paragraphs :

We should have done injustice to the manhood of these dead if we had neglected to recall this day their deeds as soldiers. We shall do more than injustice - we shall desecrate their memory as citizens who gave their lives for the common weal - if we fail on this occasion to appreciate the animating spirit on our side, as distinguished from the passions and purposes which actuated and inflamed those on that side against which we strove, and over which, under God, we prevailed.

Do not think I talk party politics. The men who fought this war for us. to whatever party they may now belong, are above criticism as to their motives in public affairs, and their opinions are entitled to respect, I speak only of that on which, then, we all agreed, and ask that lay the memory of these dead we may never give it up. Let us. to whatever party we belong, never give up the sentinient and the duty that united us in the war. The Rebellion was a crime against free government. If that conviction is given up by those who held it. the days of our Government are numbered. And so long as any considerable portion of our people refuse to accept that conviction, so long is our Government in danger.

Let us remember, then, we who were on the stage of action in the great contest, and you our inheritors remember, for what these dead fought - for what they died. And to all. and to future generations, let the appeal rise from the graves of those to whom we now dedicate this monument: "We. to tell of whom this stone was raised, ask of those who come after us that they see to it that we did not die in vain."

of veterans was held, President Israel W. Andrews, of Marietta College, delivering the address of welcome. He referred in complimentary terms to the distinguished guests present ; he welcomed the soldiers from far and near vi^ho were gathered together on the occasion to renew their acquaintance and friendship; he paid a tribute to the heroic dead whose memories it was sought to perpetuate by the monument dedicated, though a feeble expression of the gratitude of our people ; he referred to the distinguished general of the army and the distinguished jurist, who had laid aside his duties as a private citizen to join the army when our country was in danger. His remarks were received with hearty applause.

Gen. John Pope spoke in a feeling manner of the "ties of friendship between comrades who fought side by side on so many bloody fields." He referred to the subject then so much discussed of conciliating the South. In closing he said :

Let lis remember the solemn legacy these dead men have bequeathed us, consecrated by their lives to maintain among our ourselves, and to transmit to their and our descendants the results they laid down their lives to achieve.

But why are these dead so honored? Why is tribute given to them that is not given to wealth, or to power, or to learning? Is it because they were brave? Because they were patient? Because they were victorious? Because they were slain? No; it is none of these. It is because they died for us ; because they gave themselves a cheerful sacrifice that our country might remain one, our free institutions stand perpetual. It is because of the work they did, but still more for the spirit in which they did it.

The monument erected to-day is a tribute of tlie people to public virtue. Let it stand as long as this nation shall last. It will be honored so long as our institutions shall be upheld by a worthy people. Let it stand in our park, facing the setting sun, no mere ornament, but a lesson and a stimulus. As years roll by and generation succeeds generation, let old and young find in its sculptured face both history and admonition. As the sunlight plays about the inscription like the wind breathing upon ."Aeolian strings, the letters will seem vocal, and chant in earnest tones : "The dead died to save their country, let the living so live as to keep it worthy."

After Judge Force had spoken, Hon. Oliver P. Morton, .Senator of Indiana, being in the city, came upon the stage, and was called upon to speak. He thereupon referred, in eloquent terms, to the occasion and the commemorative objfct of the meeting, but confined his remarks to the National as against the States Rights idea.

The main object of the association was now accomplished,* but the roll of the dead, referred to on the monument as recorded at the recorder's office remained unprepared until the spring of 1880. S. J. Hathaway having been elected secretary of the association in 1878, prepared a bill to enable soldiers' monument associations to record names of fallen soldiers, war of 1861 to 1865 inclusive.