Winchester Township (part 17 of 30)

In 1830, it was the custom everywhere in Adams County for the fanners to furnish whiskey for their harvest hands, and to distribute it freely among them. In that year, Mr. Burgess made a temperance address at F'enton's schoolhouse, on Gift Ridge, and his speech on that occasion was so powerful that it induced all the farmers on Gift Ridge to abstain from having whiskey in the fields during harvest, and since then it has never been used in harvest in that locality.

On one occasion when Mr. Burgess was going from Manchester to Cincinnati on a steamboat, "The Huntress," accompanied by his wife, a number of Kentuckians were traveling on the boat, and the Rev. Burgess took occasion to air his views on Masonry and slavery.

The Kentuckians, who were both Masons and slaveholders, proposed to hang him right there on the boat, and went so far as to secure a rope for the purpose and suspended it from the pilot house. Charles Stevenson, from Manchester, and John Sparks, of West Union, were on the boat, and the former was a Mason. Both of these and the Hon. John Rowan, of Louisville, interceded with the angry Kentuckians, and the captain of the boat saw that it would ruin his boat if a man were to be hung on it. The Kentuckians asked the price of his boat and wanted to pay it for the privile^^c of hanging Mr. Burgess. His wife went on her knees and begged for his life. But Mr. Burgess himself asked for no quarter or mercy, and would not apologize a whit, or stop his denunciations. Had he lived in Joshua's time, he would have preferred a position upon

The st<jry is that the Kentuckians were the ones most to blame in the matter, but in truth the ones on the boat, who insisted most strenuously on the haiifi^ing of Burgess on that occasion were natives of Connecticut and of Ohio. Hon. John Rowan, himself a slaveholder, told Mr. Burgess on the *' Huntress," that if he went below Cincinnati, it would be imiK>ssible for him to protect him. This incident occurred late in the thirties in this county. The friends of Mr. Burgess had him get off the boat at Ripley and give up his trip to Cincinnati.

His home in West Union, during the lifetime of his first wife, was called "Anti-Slavery Palace." The Abolitionists from far and wide visited him, and were always made welcome. The Rev. Stephen Riggs, Rev. Caskcy and Mr. Longley were often at his hc^ne and studied with him.

In 1840, he left Adams County, and went to Washington County. He made his home there, and for a long time preached to the churches in Warren, Helpre and Watertown. In his sermons he always came out strong in his denunciatory parts. He was clear and pointed in his statements, and at times wa.xed eloquent. One thing is certain, no one could go to sleep under his preaching.

On August 31. 1842, Mr. Burgess was married to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Voris, widow of Dr. William M. Voris, and the daughter of Col. John Means, atid who was Mr. Burgess' first love. They were married at the home of her brother, Hugh Means, the former residence of her father in Adams County, Ohio. She was born in South Carolina in 1799 auil came to Ohio in 1819 when her father came to this State to free his slaves. She was a noble Christian woman and lived a long life of sincere piety and good deeds. One of her daughters by her first marriage was the wife of the Hon. Wm. P. Cutler, of Marietta, Ohio. Mrs. Burgess (lied iH-bruary 2S, i88(), in her ninetieth year, having lived with Mr. Burgess thirty years, and surviveil him nearly seventeen years.

Ill |KTSon, he was tall, over six feet high, straight as an Indian, with a haughty ciuiragc. He was slightly inclined to corpulency. He had a large head, a high forehead, with heavy arched brows, and a square face, with a j^reat deal of determination expressed in it.

At the age of eighty-three, in i8()8, he had a severe attack of what he considertxl ty^^hus feyer. He was sick twelve weeks, and delirous most of the lime. He regarded his recoyery as wonderful, and writing to a friend, he said: "1 v^eeni a wcnuler to myself. Under Providence, I ascribe my recovery to Mrs. lUirgess. It is astonishing that she did not break down, but is still busy with domestic affairs. South Carolinians wlu^ could free their slaves and do their own work are most efficient laborers."

This last sentence refers to her father. Col. John Means, bringing his taniily and twenty-four sUues from South Carolina, in 1819. when Mis. Harness was twenty vcars old.

He says that the Abolition movement originated in Ohio, and that the two Mr. Dickeys of Tennessee, and himself, were the first projectors of the scheme, which at last succeeded. He also states that Rev. James GilHland, Rev. Robert G. Wilson, and Rev. Samuel Carothers, were their earliest coadjutors. That they commenced operating in about 1817; that in 1818, he introduced a paper into the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church at Philadelphia, which passed that body, and came near destroying him. He wrote to his cousin that those v/ho would not speak to him then, would now willingly pass as having been friendly to the measure.

In 1857, he addressed an open letter to the Free Presbyterian, when it was proposed that they should return to the old church. He said: "It is proposed that we return to Egypt. Some of us, at least, have no hankering after garlic. We pledged ourselves, in the name of Christ, not only not to sustain human slavery, but also not to sustain secret conspiracies; either the curse-bound Danites of the Mormons or any other conspiracy so bound. We pledged ourselves, also, not to sustain at the Lord's table, sel f -destroyers ; whether the instrument of destruction was the pistol, alcohol or that specific poison, filthy tobacco. Shall we violate that pledge "

Until the age of eighty-three, his faculties retained their vigor. In 1867, he attended the semi-centennial of the church at Piqua, Ohio, and there he contracted a severe sickness, which affected his mental faculties, but did not aflfect his general health.

His memory of passing and recent events was gone on his recovery, but he could repeat whole chapters of the Bible, and page after page of favorite old authors. He could give a rational and clear exposition of almost any scriptural passage. His power m prayer was unaffected to the last. Thus while in the last five years of his life, his communications with earth were cut off; his connection with Heaven was clear to the last. He died in 1872 at the age of eighty-eight.

Why have we brought forward anew the memory of this man of God ? ' Because in his time and in his place, he was the First Apostle of Personal and Social Purity. Because when the use of whisky and tobacco were almost universal, he had the courage to preach against them and depict their evils. Because when the national conscience was debauched and demoralized by that great curse of slavery, he had the discernment to see the evil of it, and to be the first to denounce it. Because he was a man of enlightened conscience, and had the courage to preach according to its dictates. Because he lived as he preached, and exemplihed his ideas in a long and useful life. Such men should not be forgotten. The record of their good lives should be graven in living characters on the memory of each generation following them, and so long as the record is remembered, our people will seek the right, and try to follow it as Dyer Burgess did in his eighty- four years.

was bom near Winchester, Virginia, September 11, 1794. He learned the shoemaker's trade as a youth at Winchester, and while residing there was in the War of 1812. In 181 5, he and Murtaugh Kehoe, also a young shoemaker, came to the West from Winchester. Virginia. They floated down the Ohio River and landed at Portsmouth, Ohio. Kehoe was favorably impressed with the place and resolved to remain and did so. Burwell thought two of the same trade should not locate in the same town, and he went on to Limestone, now Maysville. There he heard of West Union, then a new town, only eleven years old, and he went there and set up in the business of shoemaking. He lived there five years when he was married to Sarah Fenton. daughter of Samuel Fenton, of Gift Ridge, one of Adams County's pioneers. They were married April 19, 1820. She was born September 22, 1802. The minister who performed the ceremony was Rev. Greenbury Jones, one of the pioneer Methodist ' preachers. On this occasion, Rev. Jones alluded to them as children, owing to their youthful appearance.

Nicholas Burwell and his wife went to housekeeping in West Union and lived there all their lives. Their oldest child was Elizabeth, bom May 5, 1 82 1, and married Joseph West Lafferty, May 24, 1838. Their oldest son, Samuel, was bom November 20, 1822. He is the veteran editor of the Scion and was married to Margaret Mitchell, March 30, 1848. William Burwell, the second son, was bom October 20, 1826. He married a Miss Murphy of Buena Vista and is now deceased ; Maitha Ann, bom January 16, 1830, married Ellis Bottleman, April 12, 1854; Edward was born January 26, 1834; Michael Henry was bom February 26, 1839, and is now deceased. Mary, the youngest daughter, married Smiley Lockwood, May 23, i860. She is now a widow residing at Winchester.

Nicholas Burwell conducted a shoe shop in West Union all his life. He was contemporary with Judge Byrd and knew him well. The Judge took a fancy to Mr. Burvvdl's cow at one time and gave him $50 for her, an extravagant price at that time. Nicholas Burwell was one of the pillars in the M-ethodist Church at West Union. He always attended all its services week days and Sundays and never missed one. He was particularly punctual at the Wednesday evening prayer meetings. The other pillars in the church whom the writer remembers, ,were Abraham Hollingsworth, Adam McGovney, William R. Rape and William Allen. They were always present as well as Burwell. The latter always felt well assured of his eternal salvation. At many of the meetings, he would get very happy. He was enthusiastic in his devotion to the church. With him, it was always first. Everything else was secondary. He was a thin, Sparc man, wore a silk hat and went along the street with his head slightly bowed as if in a deep study. He was cordial with and genial to every one. His likes and dislikes were very strong, a trait inherited by all of his descendants. He was often given to hyperlx)le in common conversation, another family trait, hut he was honest and an honorable man, a g(^o(l citizen and a good Christian. He feared the Lord but nothing else. He was active and energetic, very fond of y)hysical exercise. Within a few months prior to his death, he walked from Manchester to West I inion. In his old age. he was as good a walker as any boy. He entered into rest in all the triumph of his faith. July T, 1879. His wife followed him. January 14. 1885. They rest side by side in the old cemetery at West l/nioii, waiting the sound of (labriel's trumpet.

was a citizen of the world. His father was a Frenchman, his mother a native of Holland, and he was born in Liverpool. England, in 1760. He received a i^ood education in England in a military school. When he came of age, he was in Amsterdam, Holland, and received his coming of age papers from the estates of Holland and West Friesland. When he undertook to start to the United States, it was from Paris, France, and he had a letter of recommendation from John Jay. He came over with a Mr. Francis Bowers, of Ostend, a merchant who was bringing over goods. His letters of introduction were to Mr. Josiali Watson, of Alexandria, Va. He had been studying about the United States and had become filled with the extreme Republican notions of that time. In theory of government, he was a rabid republican; in his own personal relations, he was an aristocrat, though he was hardly conscious of the fact. Mr. Jay, in his letter, described him as a young man worthy of trust. He came alone, without any members of his family. He landed at Alexandria, Va., in May, 1783. That was then an important seaport. He engaged in business there as a clerk at first, and afterwards as a merchant, and remained there until the spring of 1791, a period of eight years. Of his life in Alexandria, we have no account, but he formed a number of valuable and important acquaintances in that time, among whom were Col. Alexander Parker and Gen. George Washington.

In October, 1791, Gen. Knox, then Secretary of War, sent him to the Northwest Territory on public business. What his functions were does now clearly appear, but it was of a confidential character.

On April 18, 1792, when he was in the Northwest Territory, President George Washington sent him a commission as Deputy Quartermaster on the General Staff of Wayne's Legion. This commission is in the hands of John Belli Gregory, his grandson, at Fontana, Kentucky. It is on parchment, illustrated, and bears the original signature of President Washington and Secretary of War, Henry Knox. The commission does not state his rank, but it was that of Major, hence his title. He went by way of Pittsburg, then called Fort Pitt and down the Ohio River to Fort Washington. Gen. Knox ga\^ him a letter dated September 30, 1791, directed to the Deputy Quartermaster at Fort Pitt, stating that he was to have transportation down the Ohio River as he was on public business of great importance. He went direct to Fort Washington, where it appears he was stationed until the time of Wayne's expedition against the Indians.

There is preserved a list of the Quartermaster's stores he had on hand at Fort Washington, November i, 1783. Mr. Gregory also has in his possession a letter addressed to Major John Belli from Gen. Anthony Wayne, in answer to one^of May 30, preceding. He tells the Major that he is glad he has been successful in purchasing cattle ; that 300 per month will be required independent of accident : that he must forward those on hand by first escort. That he has three weeks' supply for the Legion, nor can he think of advancing with less than 600 or 800 cattle, which would not be more than ten weeks' supply, should they all arrive safe. He stated that the wagons would set out from Fort Jefferson the next morning for Fort Washinp:ton under a good escort, commanded by Major Hughes, and they were not to be delayed at Fort Washington more than fortyeight hours, to be loaded with tents, intrenching tools and axes. Also he was to send such hospital or ordinance stores as he had been provided with, together with all the hunting shirts, or shirts and tools that were in his possession. Also, that his own private stores were to be forwarded under a select guard, which he will request Major Hughes to furnish from his department.

He was directed to use as many private teams as could be obtained which, with the use of the water transport, when a favorable rise may happen in the Miami, would enable him to forward the grain to Fort Hamilton, which the Quartermaster General had required. He was not to lose a moment in mounting the dragoons and furnishing all the necessary accoutrements. He was also to be furnished with $2,000 in specie, and $8,000 in good bank bills to be replaced by his department. He was told that every arrangement would be made by his department for a forward move by the first of July. He wished the Major every success in his purchases and supplies of every nature in the line of his department and signed himself, "I am sir, your most ob'dt humble serv't,, Ant y Wayne."

As soon as the expedition was successful, Major Belli, went east and settled his accounts with the department. He returned with some $5,000 and bought 1,000 acres of land at the mouth of Turkey Creek and placed a man named Wright upon it, who cleared up a part of it, built a log house and planted an orchard. This was the first settlement in Scioto County, though the historian, James Keyes, disputes it, and says the first settlement was near Sciotoville, by the Bousers and Burts.

He laid out the town of Alexandria, at the mouth of the Scioto River, and gave it its name for Alexandria, Virginia, where he had first landed in this country, and had spent eight years. He spent considerable time in and about Alexandria as the agent of Col. Wm. Parker, for w^hom he located much land in Scioto County. In September, 1797, he was appointed Recorder of Adams County and held the office until October, 1803. He was a Justice of the Peace for Adams County, appointed by the Judges of the General Court, April 28, 1801, and his commission is in existence.

It seems he spent a great part of his time in Kentucky. He evidently did not and could not attend personally to the duties of the office of Recorder of Adams County.

On tlie twenty-first of March, 1800, he concluded some very important business in Kentucky, for on that date, he was married to Miss Cvnthia Harrison, a cousin of Gen. Wm. Henrv Harrison. Her father, Samuel Harrison, was a very prominent man in Kentucky, and a large slavchokkr. He owned the site of the town of Cynthiana, Ky., and laid it out. He named it for his twin daughters, Cynthia and Anna, horn just before the town was platted. On his marriage, Major John Belli moved to his land at the mouth of Turkey Creek. He named his home, "Belvidere," and he kept a carriage and horses and traveled in style. In every county of the territory, there was a Colonel of the Militia and a Major. Nathaniel Massie was the Colonel of the Adams County Militia and John Belli, the Major.

On Auj^ust 29. 1804, he was commissioned by Edward Tiffin, Governor of Ohio, Major of the Second Battalion. 2nd Regiment, ist Brigade, 2nd Division. Ohio Militia.

During the time that the town of Washington was flourishing as the county seat of Adams County, Major I^elli was there much of the time. When he was absent. T do not know who attended to the duties of his office as Recorder, but have an idea it was General Darlinton, w^ho was always ready to do anything to accommodate his neighbors.

Pioneer Character Sketches 625

Major Belli had five children, four daughters and a son. His daughter Eliza was bom December 3, 1809. She married Moses Gregory, October 20, 1826. Her son, John Belli Gregory, who was a citizen of Scioto County for many years, at one time, member of the Board of Public Works in this State, and afterwards its Engineer, resides at Fontana, Ky., and has kindly loaned the editor of this work the papers of Major Belli. His son, Hiram D. Gregory, is a lawyer at Covington, Ky.

Major Belli, after 1803, devoted his whole time to the improvement of his land on Turkey Creek, though he was a land owner in many places. He at one time owned a large tract near New Hope in Brown County. In 1806, he built him a large two-story frame house on his land at the mouth of Turkey Creek, but did not live to enjoy it. In October, 1809, he was taken with one of those fevers against which it seems the pioneers could not contend, and he died and was buried on the river bank near his home. His widow continued to reside there until 1838, when her home, built by the Major in 1806, was accidentally destroyed by fire. She removed to Illinois where she died in 1848. In 1865, ^^ Major's grave was washed by the river and Mr. Gregory had his remains exhumed, and reinterred in the cemetery at Friendship. A picture of the Major is in the possession of Mr. Gregory. It represents him with powdered wig and a continental coat, faced with red.

Major Belli was a gentleman of the old school. He never changed his dress from the style during the Revolution. While he lived among backwoodsmen, he always had his wig and queue, wore a cocked hat, coat with facings, waist coat, knee breeches, stockings and shoe buckles. His queue was carefully braided and tied with a ribbon, and this was his style of dress at all times.

While he believed himself to be a Republican, as the term was understood in his time, he had pride enough for all the aristocrats in the neighborhood. He was a disbeliever in slavery and it is thought his location in the Xorthwest Territory and his maintainance of his residence here, was on account of his repugnance to that p>eculiar institution. His wife^s slaves were brought to Ohio and freed, and this through his influence.

John Boyle, father of our subject, was bom on the banks of the river Boyne, in Ireland, a Roman Catholic. His wife, Sarah Wilson, was reared a Presbyterian. Her father was a linen merchant, a wealthy man for his time. He never forgave his daughter for her marriage, but she adhered to her religion and converted her husband to it.

Our subject was born on the banks of the river Boyne in 1787, and emigrated to this country with his father, mother, brothers and sisters when he was eight years of age. The family located first at Shippensburg. Pa., and afterwards moved to Greensburg, in the same state, where the father died. John Boyle reared a family of nine children. Daniel had a common school education and was apprenticed to the tin and coppersmith trade in Pittsburg. His master's name was Hampshire. At the close of his apprenticeship, in 181 7, he married Margaret Cox, then residing in Pittsburg, but a native of Carlisle, Pa. Daniel Boyle worked at his trade in Pittsburg and in New York and Philadelphia. He walked from Pittsburg to Philadelphia no less than seven times. In 1819 he came down the Ohio River from Pittsburg in a flatboat with his wife and household goods. Mr. Boyle left the boat at Manchester and came to West Union when the town was fifteen years old. He opened out the tinning business and carried it on there with the exception of a short time until near his death.

He bought a part of lot 67 on the comer of Main and Cherry Streets where he resided until his death. In 1829, he rented his premises and removed to Cincinnati where he and John Sparks kept an iron store. David Sinton was a clerk for them at a small salary. This venture was not profitable, and he returned to West Union after one year, where he continued his tinning business until 1872. When a young man, he made general trading trips to the South as was common at that time. While on one of these trips, he was an eye witness to the New Madrid earthquake in 181 1.

He was a Justice of the Peace of Tiffin Township from January 10, 1835, until 1838, and one term was sufficient for him. He possessed the strictest integrity. He was frugal and unostentatious in his manner. He always tried to do his duty by his neighbors, and in the several cholera scourges he and his family remained in the village and did all in their power to minister to the sick and dying and to aid the families of the victims. There were born to him and his wife nine children, three sons and six daughters. Of these, Sarah, the eldest daughter, resides in the old homestead. She bears the burden of years with grace and honor. She possesses that stering character of her father, hers by birthright, and is respected and honored by all who know her.

Daniel Boyle had excellent tastes. He was fond of music, being a player on the flute and clarionet. He was also a great reader and particularly of historical subjects. He took the Cincinnati Gazette ircxn. its first issue until his death. In politics, he was a Whig and a Republican. In his religious attachments, he was a member of the United Brethren Church. His faith was strong and he was devotedly attached to his religious principles. He departed this life in the peace of God, May 29, 1874. His aged wife followed him August nr6, 1876. He was a just man, who loved to render to every one his just dues. He left a memory of which his family can be proud and which posterity would do well to hold in lasting remembrance.

was born in Wcstover, Charles City County, Virginia, on Monday, the twenty-sixth day of July, 1770, at one o'clock in the morning, so reads the record in the old Westox-er Bible. He was the second son and the seventh child of the third Colonel William Byrd, of Westover, Charles City County. His mother. Mar\^ Willing, was bom in Philadelphia. Pennsylvania on the tenth of September, 1740, and was the daughter of Charles Willing, and his wife, Ann Shippen, of that city. His father was a Colonel under General Washington in the early part of the Revolution, hilt (lied when his son was hut seven years of age. Thus left in his niother's care, she sent him at an early age to her brother-in-law, ThiMiias Powell. Mr. Powell, who married Mrs. Byrd's sister, w|is a nunibor oi the Society of Friends, and from whom Judge B>Td imbibed many oX his views in regard to slavery, temperance, physical, moral and reliuious ciihure. for which views he was noted in his dav. Thus we have the Friends' ideas grafted on the old cavalier, fox hunting and rollicking, Virginia stock. One of the reasons his pious mother gave for putting her son under this influence to be educated was on account of the skepticism and infidelity that had crept into the old college of William and Mary, at Williamsburg, Virginia, where all the preceding Byrds who had not been educated in England, had attended college.

Judge Byrd received his entire academic and legal education in the city of Philadelphia, and was a finished scholar and a gentleman of rare polish and elegance. He pursued his law studies in Philadelphia with Gouverneur Morris. He knew intimately, through his mother's family, the Hon. Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution. Directly after his admission to the bar in 1794, he went to Westover to spend the summer. There his brother-in-law, Benj. Harrison, wrote him that Robert Morris wanted an agent to go to Kentucky and take charge of his lands there and bring them into the market; and to any one who would do so, he would give him a salary of one thousand dollars a year, and he urged young Byrd to take the appointment and go to Kentucky at once. He did so and Robert Morris gave him a power of attorney, the original of which is in the hands of the Judge's descendants. He went to Lexington, Kentucky, and there met the family of Col. David Meade of Chaumiere, who had removed from the estate of Maycox, Prince George County, Virginia, opposite Westover and whose family were intimate friends of the Byrds. Col. Meade had four young daughters, and it was very natural that young Byrd should fall in love with one of them, which he proceeded ver}' promptly to do, and on the sixth day of April, 1797, which was Easter Sunday, and which Judge Byrd, in his quaint way, called the "Day of his Resurrection," he was married to Sarah Waters Meade, the second daughter of Col. David Meade. Her eldest sister married General Nathaniel Massie, the founder of Manchester. After his marriage, he returned to Philadelphia and remained there until he was appointed by President Adams, Secretary of the Northwest Territory, which appointment was made in January, 1799. He held this munificent office at a salary of $400 a year, until he succeeded General Arthur St. Clair as Territorial Governor, and retained that position until 1802, when the State was organized and Governor Tiffin took charge on March 4, 1803. His commission as Secretary of the Territory in which he, was sworn in as Secretary by Arthur St. Clair is in the possession of his family. On the third of March, 1803. he was appointed by President Jefferson, United States Judge for Ohio and held that position until his death on the eleventh day of August, 1828. During the time he was Secretary of the Northwest Territory and Federal Judge, up to June, 1807, his residence was on Fifth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, which was then known as Byrd Street. The Presbyterian Church now stands on what was part of his home. Judge Burnet, Nicholas Longworth and George Hunt were among his many friends. The father of the late Vice President Hendricks kept a school in his vicinity. On June 8, 1807, he bought from his brother-in-law, Gen. Nathaniel Massie, a tract of six hundred acres in Monroe Township, Adams County, Ohio, being known as Buckeye Station and Hurricane Hill. He took up his residence there at once, at a point on the ridge overlooking the Ohio River, a romantic spot where there is a fine view of the Ohio both up and down stream, and under which the river almost directly flows. He held this property' until August IS, 1817, when he convej'ed it to John Ellison, Jr. In 181 1, Nathaniel Massie, of Hillsboro, Ohio, lately deceased, then a boy of six 'years, in company with his father and mother, visited his uncle Judge Byrd at Buckeye Station. Mrs. Byrd, nee Sarah Meade, died February 21, 1815, and was buried at the Station. Judge Byrd removed to Chillicothe and lived there one >^ar. He went to West Union in 1816 and resided there until March 16, 1823, when he removed to Sinking Spring, in Highland County, where he had bought a large tract of land and built a brick house. He resided there until his death.

While residing in West Union, on March 8, 1818, he was married to Hannah Miles, a widow with four children. He believed the water of the *' Sinking Spring" in Highland County, to possess remarkable medicinal properties, conducive to health and longevity, and so persuaded was he of this, that he bought the property having the spring thereon and built a fine brick mansion there, which is standing to-day. It seems that notwithstanding he had been reared in the elegant home in Westover and moved in the highest circles at Philadelphia, he had a strong taste for the primitive and quiet life he found at Buckeye Station at West Union and in the wild country of Highland County. He was very strict in the observance of Sal)bath and would not, on that day, ride to church on horseback. He had a very strong liking for the principles and teachings of the Shakers, as appears by his will.

Unlike the typical Virginian, he was a total abstainer from all kinds of liquor, in an age when whiskey was pure and temperance societies unknown. He was very temperate in his eating, and guarded the digestion of his children in a manner unknown to the mothers and fathers of this day. He kept small silver scales by his plate, upon which he weighed every article of food which they ate, allowing a certain quantity of fat, suj^ar. and phosphates, with each portion. He had peculiar ideas as to the preservation of life to longevity, and yet, died suddenly at the comparatively early age of fifty-eight, when he had never been seriously sick in Ills life. He was engaged in the trial of a mail robbery case when he took his final sickness. His associate, Judge Todd, of Kentucky, took sick at the same time and thev both died within an hour of each other. The cause of the death of these two judges is a mystery to this day. The children of his first marriage were all bom between 1798 and 18 10, and were Mary Powell, Kidder Meade, William Silonwee and Evalyn Harrison. His daughter Evalyn married her -cousin and raised a family. She has two daughters now living at Nicholasville, Mrs. Anna Letcher and Miss Jane Woodson. Tlie children of his second marriage were Jane and Sanniel Otvvay, both deceased. Samuel Otway died at the age of forty-five, and left a son. William O. Byrd, who died a few years since at tlie age of forty-one.

W'liile a resident of West Union, Judge Byrd lived in the property opposite where Mrs. Sarah W. Bradford lives, and afterward in the Ju(l.u:e Mason property on Mulberry street, where Mr. Riley Mehaffey now lives.

liul<::e I'yrd kept a diary from 1812 to 1827. He writes nothing about liis doings in tlie courts, the lawyers he met, or the judges with whom he sat, hut a great deal about his diet. It appears that he was a dyspeptic, and suffered with a disordered stomach, and that his private thoughts were largely about his diet and the better preservation of his health. He was constantly making experiments in dieting on himself and his children. He notes Judge Todd's opinion as to medicines. Had he lived in our day. he would have been called a crank. At one time, he thought river water was the best and had three barrels of it hauled to his house for his use. At another time, he thought McClure's well in West Union was the proper water to use. At another time, he thought the water at Yellow Springs was the best, and when he became convinced that the Sinking Spring water was the best, he bought property there and made it his home. He refers to Judge John W. Campbell in his diary on the subject of grape culture only. He refers to the Rev. Dyer Burgess on Free Masonry. He speaks of his horses which he named Dolly, Paddy and Paul. The latter was named after a blacksmith who shod them all, and who was probably an ancestor of the Pauls of Bloom Furnace. At one time, when he was riding to Chillicothe, Dolly shied at a black hog along the roadside. He then had black hogs painted on his bam door where she could shy at them at her pleasure. He, at another time, became of the opinion that ammonia was healthful, and he had a seat fixed in his barn and spent a great deal of time there where he could inhale the fumes of it from the stable.

The Judge was very fond of sauer kraut and made frequent mention of it. Another vanity of his was boiled pullet. He had a horror of bile on the stomach, of jaundice and of epilepsy, and frequently writes of these, though it does not appear that he was ever afflicted with the latter. Occasionally, he wrote about the Erie Canal and of canals projected in Ohio, and frequently gave figures and statistics.

In November, 1826, he gave an item of seventeen dollars, travelling expenses from Philadelphia to Maysville, Kentucky; five dollars for tavern bills from Pittsburg to Maysville, and eight days allowed for the trip. At times he contemplated joining the Shakers and would sit down and write in his journal his reasons pro and con. One of his reasons, con, was the weakly state of his health, which would or might render it injurious to him to take such a diet as they use, and to rise hours before day as they used to do and sit by their stoves. Evidently the Judge liked good things to eat and to lie abed of mornings. Another reason, con, was that if he joined the Shakers, Hannah could get a divorce from him under the lav.s of Kentucky, and could marry again and probably would, and that would be sinful in her. Evidently he did not consider the sin of leaving Hannah and his family. His son, Samuel, said that his whole idea of the Shakers arose from a disordered stomach, which was no doubt true. Here is a tribute to his wife: "Mrs. Byrd, this morning after sunrise and before ten o'clock in the morning, April 23, 1827. after dressing and washing herself, got breakfast, consisting of excellent coffee, with hot bread and butter, milked three cows, disposing of the milk in the usual way ; washed up the breakfast things ; made three pies ; dressed and washed the little boy (Samuel) ; made up other bread, working it over a great deal, setting it away to rise a first and second time; and churned our butter; all these nine several things after she was dressed and had washed her face and hands, between sunrise rnd ten o'clock in the morn- 34a ing, and without any help from Catherine or any one else." We pause to inquire where the Judge was and what he was doing all the time he was making these observations. We very much suspect he was in bed.

August 22, 1822, he writes that he has put $1400 in the hands of William Russell, to trade in, to be invested in merchandise, the profits of which he was to account for on fair and just principles and the money was to remain in his hands for four years. He writes that Mr. RusseU liad purchased $4,000 worth of merchandise and expected it on in one week's time. The same day he wrote that Mr. Sparks stated that in two months last past, he had sold $3,000 worth of goods. On February 26, 1822, he wrote that he had bought 39,^4 pounds of beet sugar at 27 yi cents per pound.

On December 19, 1822, he made an estimate that a single man may dress decently for thirty-three dollars per annum, including washing, mending, shoes, handkerchiefs and a hat, and for thirty-seven dollars, lie may, if he lives in a rented room, with another, get his whole living in addition, his rented room, his washing, his bedding, and his bread and water, included, full total, seventy dollars. What a thing for our young men to look back to, that the young man of 1827 could live for seventy dollars a year. On February 26, 1823, he was living on venison at two cents a pound. Mutton, at the same time, was four and a half cents a pound. It was then fifteen days' passage to Maysville from New Orleans, and that it cost fifteen dollars to go from Maysville to Pittsburg. On June 10. 1822, he devotes two full pages to General Darlinton's, Mr. William Russeirs, and Judge CampbeH's culture of grapes. In June, 1822, he writes that it takes Paul, the smith, an hour to make nails and fit a pair of shoes and put them on, the shoes being made previously. He devoted a great deal of space in his journals t(^ his children. PI is objection to a frame house, he wrote, was that it was an ice liousc in winter and an oven in summer, which has a tendency to produce derangenient of the bowels. The Judge had the house at Buckeye Station in view when he wrote that. He gives a great deal of good advice to his children, but it is so much like what has been stated that we leave it out.

I have endeavored from the light afforded me, which is meager, to fi)rni an estimate of the character of Charles Willing Byrd, first United States Jutlge in Ohio. There are some strange contradictions in it. Had liis father lived, there is no doubt he would have been reared a tjpical X'ifi^inian of the first families. But his father dying at the age of fortynine, when he was hut seN-en years of age, and his mother being a Philadelphian and having brothers and sisters living there, he was sent to IMiiladelpliia and placed under the care and mstrnction of a Quaker who 11 svenis had sul^cient influence to mould his character. It was there he received his ideas against the use of liquors and against human slavery'. His iileas oi Republican sini])licity were partly his own and partly from Mr. JelYcrson. his persiMial friend and friend of his father and mother. 1 have noi been able to secure any of his writings except his will, and ^ome »^f his iouriials.

That he was a irentleniaii in the fullest, highest and the purest sense of the tenn. there can he no doubt. A tinge of sadness was no doubt cast lUHMi his lite hv the death of his father, and the extraordinary and almost inconsolable grief of his mother, which he was compelled to witness. His habits of prudent economy can be attributed to the fact that his father's estate was largely impaired by debts made by a course of liberal and reckless living incident to his day.

He had been a witness to the curse of slavery in Virginia, of its wastefulness and destruction of fine estates and that embittered him against the institution. Then his instruction in Philadelphia was that the institution was a positive sin. His mother was compelled to live in a less expensive house in order to extinguish the debts of his father and that intended to impress upon him the importance of economy and simplicity in living.

When he went to Kentucky, a young man of twenty-seven years, it was natural that he should visit the friend and neighbor of his father, on James River, Virginia, Col. David Meade, then living at Chaumiere Du Prairie, nine miles from Lexington. It was quite natural that he should be well received there and that he should fall in love with and marry the daughter of Col. Meade, whose social standing and his own were equal.

It was natural that he should receive the appointment of Secretary of the Northwest Territorv from President ]ohn Adams. From one of the best families of Virginia and protege of Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution, that followed.

It was natural that he should receive the appointment of United States Judge from JeflFerson. for the latter knew him as a scion of one of the most prominent families of Virginia, and in sympathy with his Republican notions of simplicity, which he had imported from France and which were much in vogue in those days.

There is, however, one feature of his character I cannot understand, lie had been residing in Cincinnati on Fifth Street from 1798 till 1807. His eldest child was but nine years of age and he had five younger, tie bought a tract of 700 acres of land in the then wilderness of Adams County and moved there, where he resided till 1815, or about that time. Why he should want to take his wife and young children into this wilderness, when he had a life position, which required him to discharge his duties in the large cities, scem.s strange.

Judge Campbell, one of his successors, when appointed, resided in Adams County but moved to Columbus where he was required to hold court. On the other hand. Judge lUrd, after having occupied his office for four years, removed to the country and continued to reside there for the remaining twenty-one years for which he held the office of Judge. At Buckeye Station, he could see all the steamlx)ats or craft which passed up and down the river and could take boats to Cincinnati or points up the river. Being a X'irginian he loved the country, as the English, their ancestors do, and have always done. At that day, few, if any, Virginian * gentlemen would live in cities or towns, who could live in the country.

Why he removed to West Union in 1815, we cannot conjecture, unless on account of the death of his wife, he desired to see more of society. He resided in Chillicothe for one year, but did not seem to like that place and returned to West irnion. In traveling from his home to hold his courts, he went from West Union through Dunbarton, Locust Grove and Bainbridge to Chillicothe. Sinking Springs was on his route, and hav- in^ tasted the water there, he became satisfied there were scene wonderful qualities in it, though it was not considered peculiar before, nor has anyf>ne since Judge fiyrd's time regarded it as anything extraordinary. He, hfjfwever, had the water brought to him at West Union for some time and finally purchased the property on which the spring is located, built a home there, which was an extraordinary- one lor his dav. and resided there until his death.

The home is still standing and till lately was occupied by his grands/>n, William (Kway Byrd. The neigborhood of Sinking Springs was, in 1825, much more remote from haunts of men than Buckeye Station, and why Juflge l^yrd, who had been reared in the most elegant society, and in his youth and young manhood had moved in the best circles of \ irginia and in the city of F^hiladelphia, then the metropolis of the United States, who had moved in the best society m Cincinnati, should want to seclude hmself and family in the wilds of Highland County, seems unaccotmtable.

His childish and youthful ideas of religion were derived from two sources, that of his father and mother who were attached to the Episcopal Clnirch. and from his uncle, Mr. Powell, of Philadelphia, who was a Quaker.

It seemed the Quaker ideas predominated with him, and at the time he wrote his will he appeared to think the Shakers had the true ideas of religion.

None of his decisions have been reported. McLean's Reports do not bei^in until 1829, the year after his death, and no reports on his circuit were published during this time.

He sat in the celebrated case of Jackson vs. Clark, ist Peters, page (/if), when it was tried in Columbus, Ohio, in July, 1826, and the decision of the Circuit C^nirt was affirmed in the Supreme Court.

The j^cneration which knew Judge Byrd personally and that which followed him has passed away and thus the avenues to a knowledge of his character arc dosed. Had any of his decisions been reported, or had we any of his writings, or were there extant any of the books he had written, we could judge of him, hut as it is, our judgment of him is ver\^ meagre and narrow. Tradition tells us that he was learned in the law and had the training of a complete and thorough education. He was evidently a good judge, or we should have heard to the contrary. He must have had a large capacity for business, or Robert Morris would never have entrusted him with an important mission on his own private business in Kentucky. President John Adams had a good opinion of him and his abilities or he would not have appointed him Secretary of the Northwest Territory. President Thomas JeflPerson must have had a good opinion of liim or he would not haw made him United States Judge.

was hovu September 23. 1800, in Harrison County, Kentucky. He was the s(Mi of Samuel and Klizabeth ( Harper > Compton. His parents emi|Lrrated from \'iri;inia in i7iK>. llis mother's (Elizabeth Harper) father was tliv original pn^prietor of Harper's Perry in Jefferson County. Virginia. Samuel Compton settled in Adams County where Dunkins\nlle now stands in abiHit i8<.V\ W'lien old enough to be apprenticed, he was indentured to William Roif, of West Union, to learn the saddler's trade and served out his indenture. At the end of his apprenticeship, he traveled about and worked at different places, including Newport, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio, which then had a population of only 20,000 people. When in Cincinnati, he worked on Main Street when there was only one building on it, on the west side of the street between Fourth and Fifth Streets, the old Presbvterian Church.

He married Harriet Donalson at Manchester in 1826 and settled in that town. He engaged in the saddler's business there in all its branches and carried it on there until 1844. He was a rapid an J expert workman in his business. Owing to the sparsely settled condition of the country, he sometimes made more work than he sold, and then he would travel about and dispose of it by barter, trading with the merchants and taking their goods in exchange for his work, as much of the business of that time was transacted in that way, owing to the scarcity of money.

In 1844 he bought a farm near Winchester and removed to it and remained there until 1857 when he removed to the vicinity of Hillsboro. He resided in Highland County until i860 when he removed to a small farm in Harveysburg, Warren County, Ohio. He had seven children, all of whom lived to maturity. His oldest son was named Israel Donalson, after his wife's father. He entered the service of his country on the fourteenth of August, 1862, in the 79th O. V. I. as First Lieutenant of Co. H, at the age of 3^. He died at Gallatin, Tennessee, December 31, 1862.

Samuel W. lives at Fayette, Fulton County, Ohio. He enlisted at the age of 28, on the nineteenth of April, 1861, in Co. F, 2d O. V. I., for three months' service, and was mustered out June 19, 1861. On the same day, he enlisted for three years in Co. F, 12th O. V. I., and served until the first day of July, 1864.

A son, Joseph William, now a clerk in the Postoffice Department in Washington, D. C. enlisted in Co. F, 12th O. V. I., for three months' service, on June 19, 1861. at the age of twenty-one. He was mustered out July 1 1. 1864.

The youngest son, John Donalson Compton, who is Deputy United States Marshal at Covington, Kentucky, living at Dayton, Kentucky, enlisted in Co. F, I2th O. V. I., January 28, r86i, for three years and was transferred to Co. H, 23rd O. V. I., July :. 1864. In July, 1864, the 12th O. \^ I. was consolidated with the 23rd O. V. I. and the new organization called the 23rd O. V. I. He was discharged from this service August 8. 1865. Thus it will lie seen that Mr. Compton's four sons all served in the army in the Civil War.

In 1866, he sold his farm in Warren County and removed to Stout's P. O. in Adams County, and engaged in the grocery- business. He was postmaster and resided there until his death in 1882, at the age of eightytwo. He is buried at Manchester. Ohio. His widow survived him until t8q3, when she died at the age of eighty.

W4 History Op Adams County

He always tok an active interest in politics, but never sought or held any public office with the single exception of school trustee. He felt a great interest in education, desiring to provide the advantages which were denied him in his childhood. He had no school education but was able to keep his accounts and correspondence very creditably. He was first a Whig and afterward a Republican when the latter party was formed. He was very loyal during the war and had no toleration for those who were not. He was anxious that all his sons should serve their countrv and while he could not go in the service himself, he did all he could to promote the comfort of those in the field and to aid and encourage them in their services. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church and lived up to all that implies. He was a man of strict integrity, honorable in all his dealings and in his intercourse with his fellow men. He had the respect and good will of the entire community in which he resided. He was a useful citizen and his life's work is best exemplified in his sons and daughters, who are all honorable and useful members in the community.

The earliest ancestor of which we have anv account w^as Duncan Campbell, of Argyleshire, Scotland. He married Mary McCoy in 1612, and remoxned to Londonerry in Ireland the same year. He had a son, John Campbell, who married in 1635. Grace Hay, daughter of Patrick Hay, Esq., of Londonderry. They had three sons, one of whom was Rol>ert, born in 1665, and who, with his sons, John, Hugh and Charles Campbell, emigrated to Virginia in 1696. and settled in that part of Orange County afterward incorporated in Augusta. The son, Charles Campbell, was born in 1704, and died in 1778. In 1739, he was married to Mary Trotter. He had sewn sons and three daughters. He was the liistorian of Vir£;:inia. His son, William, born in 1754, and died in 1822, was a soldier of the Revolution, and as such had a distinguished record as a (icncral at Kind's Mountain and elsewhere. He married Elizabeth Willson, of Rockbridge County, X'irginia, a member of the distinguished Willson family. They had eleven children. Their son, Charles, was l)orn December 28, 1779, and died September 26, 1871. He was marricvl vScj>tcnilier 20, 1803, to Elizabeth Tweed, in Adams County. He had five sons. The third was John Campbell, of Ironton, bom Januar\' 14, 1808, in Adams County, Ohio.

Tlie Willson family intennarried with the Campbell family, who also have a distinguished record. Colonel John Willson, bom in 1702, auvi <lic(l in 1773, settled near Fairfield, then Augusta County, Virginia, and was a lUir^a'ss of that county for twenty-seven years. He once held his court wliere Pittshurgli now stands. His wife, Martha, died in 1755, an,i l)(>tli are buried in the Glebe burying ground in Augusta County, Virt^»^inia. His brotlier. Thomas, had a daughter, Rebekah, born in 1728, and (lied in 1820, who married James Willson, born in 1715 and died in 1809. Tills James Willson, with his brother, Moses, was foimd when a very y(»un]Lr l>oy in an open boat in the Atlantic Ocean. They were accom- ]>anie(l by their mother and a maid. The mother died at the moment of lescue and the maid a few moments after. The captain of the rescuinc: ship hron^lit the hoys t(^ this country where they grew up, married and spent their lives.

John Campbell Pioneer Character Sketches 636

James Willson had a large family of sons and daughters. His daughter, Elizabeth, bom in 1758 and died February 27, 1832, married William Campbell, the Revolutionary General. Her brother, Moses, was the father of Dr. William B. Willson, of Adams County, who has a sketch in this work, and also of James S. Willson, the father of Dr. William Finley Willson, who also has a sketch herein. ]ndge John W. Campbell, United States District Judge, who has a sketch herein was a son of the Revolutionary General, William Campbell, who removed from Virginia to Kentucky in 1790 and from Kentucky to Adams County. Ohio, in 1798. Our subject was a resident of Adams County from his birth until 1857, when that portion of Adams County where he resided was placed in Brown County. He was reared on his father's farm and received what education he could obtain at home. He clerked for his uncle, Wiliam Humphreys, who had married his father's sister, Elizabeth, at-Ripley, in 1828. After learning enough of the business, as he thought, he induced his uncle to go in partnership with him and they started a store at Russellville, Ohio. Here John was popular with every one and would have succeeded, but the place and business was too slow for him. He had $600 saved up and he sold out the business and put his capital in the steamboat, "Banner," of which he became clerk. The boat was in the Cincinnati and Pittsburg trade. After his second trip on the steamboat, he made up his mind that was not his vocation. While coming down the river on this trip he met Robert Hamilton, the pioneer master of the Hanging Rock iron region and made inquiries for any opening in the iron business. Mr. Hamilton invited him to get off at Hanging Rock. He left the boat and accepted a clerkship at Pine Grove Furnace. This was in 1832. Mr. Campbell was anxious to stand well in the estimation of Mr. Hamilton. Shortly before his steamboat venture, he had met in Ripley, a young lady named Elizabeth Clarke, niece of Mr. Hamilton's wife. He fell in love with her. She made her home with her aunt, Mrs. Hamilton, who was a daughter of John Ellison and a sister of William Ellison, of Manchester. Naturally, Mr. Campbell would accept an invitation to go to Pine Grove Furnace. He was ambitious to succeed as a business man and he believed he could do so under Mr. Hamilton's teaching. He wanted to marry his niece who stood to Mr. Hamilton as a daughter. He succeeded in both purposes. The next year, 1833, he took an interest with Mr. Hamilton in building the Hanging Rock Forge at Hanging Rock. The same year he and Andrew Ellison built Lawrence Furnace for the firm of J. Riggs & Co. This year was formed the celebrated partnership of Campbell, Ellison & Company, of which he was a partner and which continued in existence until 1865. In 1834, he and Robert Hamilton built Mt. Vernon Furnace and he moved there and became its manager. The furnace was the property of Campbell, Ellison & Company for thirty years, and largely the source of the fortunes made by the members of that firm. It was at this furnace Mr. Campl>ell made the change of placing the boilers and hot blast over the tunnel head, thus utilizing the waste gases, a method after generally adopted by all the charcoal furnaces of that region and in the United States.

On March t6, 1837, he was married at Pine Grove Furnace to Miss Elizabeth Caldwell Clarke, already mentioned, and they began housekeeping at Mt. Vernon Furnace.

In 1837, he had an interest at \'esuviu3 Furnace, and he induced the other fj^ncrs to test the hot blast principle. This was the first hot blast put up in this country and though it met with srong opposition through cxp<rctati^/n of liad results, the experiment proved satisfactory in producing an increased quantity of iron for foundry- use. Mr. Campbell was always among the hrst to project any useful enterprise. He was largely cr/ncerncrl in the first geological survey- of the State, and by reason of his Mudy of Irxal gerJogy he purchased lands extensively in the Hanging krxrk regi^/n with a view to future development of their mineral resources.

In 1846, he and Mr. John Peters built Greenup Furnace in Kentucky, and in 1846, r)live Furnace, Ohio, to which was added Buckhom. In 1847, he built Oallia Furnace, and in 1848, he and others built Ke\'- fttone JMirnace. In 1849, while residing at Hanging Rock, he evolved the project of establishing the town of Ironton. The Ohio Iron and Coal Company, composed of twenty-four persons, was formed. Twenty- of the organizers were iron masters. He became the president of the company and was its vsoul, so far as a corporation is capable of having a soul, riic company purchased forty acres of lauvl, three miles above Hanging Hock, and unclertrx)k to form a model town and succeeded as near as anyone has ever succeeded. Mr. Campbell gave the town its name, "Ironton." I le was one of the projectors of the Iron Railroad which was designee! to make the furnace, north and east of Ironton, tributary to the town. In 1850, Mr. Campbell moved to the city of Ironton which thereafter was his home during his lifetime. The same year he purchased La (irange Inirnace. The same year was built in Ironton the foundry of the Hnn of Campbell, Ellison & Co. In 1851, Mr. Campbell became one of the founders of the Iron Bank of Ironton, afterwards changed to the iMrst National I'ank. In 1852. lie was one of the organizers of the Ironton Rolling Mill, afterward the New York and Ohio Iron and Steel Works. Tin* sanu* year he took half the stock in the Olive Furnace and Machine Sho])s. The same year he purchase.! the celebrated Hecla Cold r»last l''nrnace. In 1853, he became one of the largest stockholders in the Kentncky Iron, Coal and Manufacturing Company, which founded the (own «»f Ashland, Kentucky.

In 1854. he, I). T. W'oodrow and others, built Howard Furnace. The same year liv bnill a large establishmer.t to manufacture an iron beam plow, and also built Madison I'urnace. This year he took stock in the v^tar Xail Mill, one of the largest in the country and now known as the He! font Iron Works. In 1855. lie. with \'. B. Horton, of Pomeroy, organized a company auvl built a telegraph line from Pomeroy to Cincinnati. In iS(>o he organized the I'nion Iron Co!n])any, owners of Washington and Monroe iMU'naces. and was its president for many years. From his majority he had been o]i|x)sed to the instittUion of slavery, and was an AlH»litionisi. His o]>inions on the subject of slavery were no doubt lar^eK formed bv his associations with Rev. lohn Rankin and men of his views, init as he irrew t>lder. his views acrainst the institution intensified. 1 lis home was one M the statiims o!i the L^nderground Railroad, and there the ]>vMM-. black fui^itive was sure «U' a friendly meeting and all needed assistance.

Pioneer Character Sketches 637

Mr. Campbell acted with the Whig party, and after its death, with the Republican party. He was a delegate to the State Republican Convention in 1855. He never sought or held any public office until 1862. when, in recognition of his great and valuable services to the Republican party and to his country, President Lincoln appointed him the first Internal Revenue Collector for the Eleventh Collection District of Ohio, and he served in the office with great fidelity and honor until October i, 1866, when he was succeeded by Gen. B. F. Coates.

then worth over a million of dollars. Up t3 that time he had invested in and promoted almost every enterprise projected inside the circle of his acquaintance. He had not done this recklessly or extravagantly, but from natural disposition to promote prosperity.

In 1873, the Cooke panic overtook the country and from that time until 1883, there was a steady contraction in every enterprise with which Mr. Campbell was connected. In 1880, it v/as largely through the influence and work of John Campbell that the Scioto Valley Railroad was completed to Ironton and eastward.

In 1883, the Union Iron Company failed. For years Mr. Campbell had sustained it, and for some time had been endorsing for it personally, hoping to sustain its waning fortunes, but its failure was too much for him and he was compelled to make an assignment in his old age, but he went down with that grand and noble courage, which in his youth and middle life had caused him to go into every business venture. No one who knew Mr. Campbell ever thought any less of him on account of his failure, but he had the sympathy and good will of every man who had known him in a business way. His changed financial condition never affected the esteem in which he had been held or lessened, in any way, the great influence he held in the community. He survived until August 30. 1891, but owing to the condition of business aflPairs and his advanced age, was never able to retrieve his lost fortunes.

In the case of Mr. Campbell, it is most difficult to make a just and true character estimate which will truly display the man. He had so many excellent qualities that there is danger that all may not be mentioned. He had a wonderful faculty of looking forward and determining in advance what business enterprises would succeed The writer does not know a proper term by which to designate this feature of his character. He could and would predict the success of a proposed business venture when all others were incredulous. He lived to see his business judgment verified. He never hesitated to act on his judgment of the future, and personally, he was never mistaken or wrong. He had a wonderful influence over his fellow men. He could bring them to his views and induce them to carry them out. He was never haughty or proud. He was approachable to all. He took a personal interest in all men of his acquaintance who tried to do anything for themselves. He was always the friend of the unfortunate. The colored people all loved him. In the slavery days no fugitive ever called on him in vain. He was sure of aid, relief and comfort in Mr. Campbell. His judgment was incisive. He examined a matter carefully and made up his mind, and when once made up, he was immovable. He possessed a most equable temper. He never got impatient or angry. Under the most trying circumstances, he was calm and {^entk. He was, in his time, by far. the nx>st coospicocms fijjfure in the I landing Rock iron regiotL He was identified with evenj/uWic ent<eq>ri5e in Ironton from the foundation of the tcwn. Many of the imjx^rtant industries in Ironton owe their success to his excellent judgment. No (jne went to him to enlist him in a worthy pubHc enterprise who did tuA succeed. No meritorious a(4>eal for aid was ever made to him and refused bv him. He was alwavs ready to aid anv deserving: man or ass<x*iatif^ of men. either in businef.s or charitv. The universal s^^rrow expressed (m the ^xrcasion of his dtv.th and funeral show how he st<xxl among his fellow citizens. There was a public meeting called to pre[)are rew/lutions expressive of the sentiments of the community-. The f>ar of the a^unty met an<l f>assed resolutions, though he was never a munlxT of that fxxly. The city council also met and made public record of its sentiments. He had the crmfidence, the respect, the esteem and love of the entire community. The attendance at his funeral of itself demonstrated the regard in which he w^as held. No greater funeral was ever held in Ironton. The city police were mounted, the city and county ofiicials and the bar attended as Ixxlies. All the church bells were tolled and all business susfK*nrled. It was well that the whole city mourned. iM'cause to John Campl>ell, more than to anyone else, was it indebted for its existence and its prosperity. In the space allotted in this book, justice cannot be done to the career of Mr. Campbell. We have given and can give but a partial view of his career and character. His wife survived him. They had five children, three daughters and tw-o sons, who grew to maturity. His eldest daughter was Mrs. Henry S. Neal, who died before her father. His second daughter is Mrs. William Means, of Yellow Springs, Ohio. His (laughters Emma and Clara are both now deceased. His son, Albert, resides at Washington. D. C, and his son, Charles, at Hecla Furnace. His wife died November 19, 1893.

was one of the pioneers of Adams County who came to the Northwest Territory in 1704- He was born in January, 1764, and died on his maginTicent farm on Ohio Brush Creek, where lie is buried, April 17, 1835. Ills wife was l^lizabeth IVather, born December 9, 1768, and who died August -t. ^^35- vShe l>ore him twelve children: James. John, Thomas. Daniel, Josepli. Uiohard. Isaac, Sarah, Elizabeth, Katharine, Luther and Harriet. The latter was horn September 17, 1815. and married Andrew l^liison, a son of James Ivllison, a native of Ireland.

Col. Collier selected the site of his future home on Ohio Brush Creek while with \athain"el Massieand others surveying in that region. The lands, livr hundred acres, were ])urchase(l from Gen. William Lytle, who held military warrants of Jonathan Tinsley. John Shaver and George Shaver. X'iri^inia Line. C'ontinental Kstablishmcnt. The site of the homestead is on an elevated ternice some forty acres in extent formed in the geological I>asi by a <lrift of conglomerate in Ohio Brush Creek. The general level of this terrace is about twenty-five feet above the bottom lands along the creek, and from it a fine view of the valley presents itself for miles up and down the stream. At the base of this drift several fine springs of most cxcrlKi^t water wells forth. The one across the public road opposite the (.'ollirr residence atlorded the water supply for the old still-house owned by Col. Collier. There was a fine young poplar sapling near it which young Tom Collier climbed and bent over while the Colonel and his wife were temporarily absent from home. On his return Thomas received a **gTubbing" for the supposed destruction of the young poplar. That sapling is now a most beautiful and stately tree.

Col. Collier was prominently identified with public affairs of Adams County in his time. He was commissioned Colonel of the Third Regiment, First Brigade, Second Division, of Militia by Governor Samuel Huntington, December 29, 1809. ^^ served in the War of 1812 and was in the engagement at Sandusky. On May 2, 18 14, Acting Governor Thomas Looker, endorsed Colonel Collier's resignation as follows: **The resignation of this commission accepted on account of long service, advanced age and bodily infirmities."

Among Col. Collier's old tax receipts in possession of one of his grandchildren, is one dated September 8, 1801, for one hundred and seventy-five cents, his land tax for that year. Subscribed by John Lodwick, Collector for Adams County. In 181 1. the tax on the same land was nine dollars as shown by the receipt of Thomas Massie, Collector.

Rev. James Caskey was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia. March 8, 1807. His father, James Caskey. was bryrn in County Derry, Ireland, February 21, 1773. He married, in Ireland, Peggy Anderson, born February 21, 1770, emigrated to this country and located in Rockbridge County, Virginia, about 1787. He re-immigrated to Ohio and located at Cherry Fork in 181 1, where he spent the remainder of his life. Our subject attended Miami University and graduated there in 183 1. He studied theology part of the time at the Associate Reformed Theological Seminary at Oxford, Ohio, and afterwards at the seminary of the same church at Alleghany. April 30, 1835, he was licensed to preach by the First Presbytery of Ohio and was ordained and installed as pastor of the West Union and Russellville churches the same year. During his residence in West Union, he was quite intimate with the Rev. Dyer Burgess, and held the same views as did the latter in rega^'d to slavery. He resigned the church at West Union in 1838 and moved to Ripley, in Brown County. He resigned the church at Russellville in 1851. He was the pastor of the United Presbyterian Church in Ripley, Ohio, from 1838 until his death, February 9, 1854. He was married May 21, 1839, to Isabel Wallas, a daughter of Judge Wallas, of Urbana, Ohio, and left two children, Mrs. Margaret C. Roberts, of 100 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass., and James D. Caskey, of No. 2715 Twenty-second St., Minneapolis, Minn.

He was a very fine preacher, preparing his sermons with care. For years he was Clerk of the Presbytery, and his records were always prepared and recorded in a very neat style. He was a pleasant speaker. His style of sermonizing was attractive ; his language was comprehensive and his reasoning always logical. As a man, he was exemplary and he commanded the respect of all who knew him. He was but forty-seven years of a^e when he died and his career of usefulness was cut short by the "Last Enemy." His ashes repose in the old cemetery at Ripley.

was \xjrn in Harford County, Maryland, in 1788, the son of Ephriani Cole and his wife, Aria Mitchell. In 1793, his parents moved to Mason County, Kentucky, and in 1794 they joined Massie's colony at Manchester, and in 1795 his father located just south of West Union and Iniili a home near Cole's Spring. The house is gone and the spring has l)cen forgotten, but both were on the slope ef the hill to the east of the Collings graveyard, looking down into the valley of Beasley's Fork. Here Iveonard Cole grew to manhood. He was one of the early schocrfteachers in West Union and instituted the reprehensible custom of flogging ever>' boy in school if any mischief was done by a single one. He was a firm iKfliever in King Solomon's rule as to the use of the rod and applied it to lx)tli boys and girls. As to the custom of flogging all the boys when any mischief was done, that was kept up by the successors of ^Ir. Cole, and the writer suffered from that custom with the other boys of his time. Mr. Cole always thought a lx)y never got a lick amiss, and if he did not deserve it at the time he received it, he would verv soon afterward and he might as well have it in advance. Aside from his whipping proclivities. Mr. Cole was a very good teacher. He was a follower and disciple of (icn. Jackson. He was a Justice of the Peace of Tiffin Township from 1829 to 1832. He was a candidate for Auditor in 1825 and received 478 votes. Ralph McClure received T30 and Joseph Riggs 715. and was elected. In 1827. he was again a candidate for Auditor, and received 303 votes to 876 for Joseph Riggs. He persevered in seeking the Auditor's office, and when Joseph Riggs resigned in 1831. he was appointed and served five months, October 3, 1831. to March 6, 1832. He was elected and served from March 6. 1832, to March 4, 1844, twelve years.

Mr. Cole was first married to a Miss McDonald, bv whom he was the father of a large family of children. When first married, he was emphatically an ungodly man. He was opposed to his wife attending church, and she went secretly. Mr. Cole was at this time a fighting and drinking man. At ono time he was indicted for seven assault^ and batteries, all charged in one week. He got so dreadful that his wife could not live with him and left him. He did then w^hat all prodigals did. shipped on a tlathoat to New Orleans. He came back by steamboat and wIkti the latter was a short distance below Memphis, in the night, it ran into a snag and sunk immediately. Cole swam to a snag. In the darkness, he feared he would not be discovered and would be left there to die. 1 le vowed to the Lord that if rescued, he would devote the remainder of his life to I lis service. Soon after he was lescued, Mr. Cole wxnt home, hunted up his wife, and was reconciled to her. He joined the Methodist Church and lived a member of it the remainder of his life. He maintained family worshi]), but would interrupt ii to drive the pigs out of the yard, to drive the dog out of the kitchen, to serve a neighbor wnth milk, or for any other necessary work, and many tales are told of this |>eculiarity of his. When James Moore was courting Caroline Killen, he did it at the house of Ueonanl Cc^le, as he was forbidden at William Killen's home. On one (K-casion. when Caroline Killen and James Moore were at Mr. Cole's, they were present during family worship in the evening. .Mr. C'olc pra\T(l for those who were going to bed and for those who were going to sit up - Caroline Killen and James Moore.

Pioneer Character Sketches 541

Mr. Cole acquired the confidence of the entire community after he joined the Methodist Church, and lived the life of a model citizen. His first wife died in 1838. and in 1839. he married her niece of the same name. There were no children of this marriage. In 1850. he removed to Brookville, Kentucky, where he died in 1857, and where he is buried. Mr. Cole was an intensely earnest man in all he did. When he was a drinking and fighting young man, he went into it with all the force of his nature. When he reformed, his devotion to the church and to good citizenship was as earnest as human effort could make it. He left many descendants, but none of them are known to the writer.

Ephriam Cole, a man of good English descent, married, in 1773. Sophia Mitchell, of Maryland. It is said of them that as boy and girl, they lived on adjoining plantations, on the Susquehanna River, near the Chesapeake Bay.

When the accounts of the adventurous conduct of Daniel Boone, in Kentucky, inspired the husband to follow that intrepid hero, the brave young wife was ready to leave a refined home, where her mother, although the proud descendant of the English Kents. had taught her daughters those homely virtues, which fitted the women of those times for the perils and hardships of pioneer life. It is needless to follow this resolute couple through the pathless forests, inhabited by red men, whose savage nature had been justly roused by the white men. v/ho came to steal their lands and drive them from their homes.

In t8oo, Allaniah, a fourth son, the subject of this sketch, was born. The remittance from Mrs. Cole's home and her untiring energy kept the family above want, and the girls as well as the boys were, for those times, well educated, but there came a time, shortly after the birth of Allaniah. that the parents felt that better times awaited them in Ohio. They located in West Union, a town settled by persons far above the average: schools and churches, the best obtainable, were there and Allaniah did not fail to appreciate his mother's earnest desire to have him take advantage of all that was oflFered. At that early dav, a college education meant a long journey eastward and a greater outlay of money than could be obtained by even the most prosperous. These West I^nion people determined to surmount the seemingly insurmountable difficulties and when their brightest sons and daughters were readv for a higher education, "Dewey's Grammar School" was awaiting them. This school must have been in advance of the so-called colleges which sprang up in other Ohio towns a little later, for we hear of no one being excluded on account of sex. Allaniah Cole was a student of "Dewey's Grammar School," where he became acquainted with Miss Nancy Steece, one of the girl students, who years after became his wife.

After leaving "Dewey's Grammar School." Allaniah's first business venture was the index to his character. Hearing that horses were bringing fabulous prices in New Orleans, he went to Mr. John Sparks, a wealthy citizen of the town, who directed him that he could buy, on time, as many horses as he could drive. Mr. Sparks said: "I'll go on youi paper, Al/' It was then determined, and the nineteen-year-old boy was soon started on his long journey, over bad roads, sometimes mere bridle paths, with his trusty men driving his fine horses. He arrived in New Orleans in six weeks, long rests having been needed to keep the horses in marketable condition. The venture was successful and Allaniah was soon at home paying every cent due his creditors, besides being able to show Mr. Sparks that his good offices had not met the too frequent ingratitude of beneficiaries. Years after Mr. Cole would speak to his children of Mr. Sparks' great kindness to him, when he had "nothing but his goo J name." After several similiar expeditions south, Allaniah found himself the proud possessor of five thousand ($5,000) dollars. His next venture was at an iron furnace, in Lawrence County, where he learned the business, before he risked his precious, hard-earned five thousand.

In the beginning of the year 1828 he made his best and most successful venture, when he married the "Dewey's Grammar School" student, the daughter of Henry and Mary Anne Steece. Henry Steece was a German, who came early in the history of Pennsylvania to develop that iron center of the world. He was what, at the present time, would be called **lhe chemist* of a furnace." When, toward the latter part of the past century', marvelous accounts of the great iron ore deposits of Bnish Creek, Adams County, Ohio, reached the Pennsylvania "iron men," Mr. Steece soon started with his family, consisting of wife, four sons and five daughters, down the Ohio River in a keel boat, to a landing (now called Manchester) twenty miles from their objective point. Brush Creek. It is recorded that Archie Paul and James Rodgers. afterwards distinguished "iron men," were on the ground to meet them, and that one at least, of the three furnaces - "Old Steam Furnace, Marble Furnace and Brush Creek Furnace" - was already nearly ready for the "Dutchman," Henry Steece, whose valuable work was to terminate so soon. When Henry Steecc's work was finished, his widow, who was already understood and appreciated as a woman of great intellectual and moral force, did not fail of the moral support of her husband's friends. While she in turn repaid their kindness with intelligent help that broadened their homes and kept their children fit companions for her talented boys and girls, whose discipline and education had added to her task of supplying their daily bread. Nancy, the youngest of the girls, was sent to West Union to rXnvcy's Grammar School, to board in the family of Mr. Armstrong, a wealthy merchant. An illustration of the hospitality of pioneer times, as well as the desire of making their academy famous, it may be told that when the mother went to Mrs. Armstrong, to pay her daughter's board, she refused to accept payment, saying, "Xancy is the guest of my daughter. Keep your money."

About 1830. Mr. Cole bought the Old Forge, eight miles above Portsmouth, on the Scioto River, where he lived but two or three years, when he went to take the then great charge of Bloom Furnace. While at P.loom, he was among the first to introduce the ''Sunday Reform," against the judgment of most of the furnace men, who felt sure that stopping; tlie furnace from midnight Saturday until midnight Sunday, would give the much dreaded 'Vhill." Few. looking at these old furnaces today, ccnild realize their past importance, tlie army of workmen, woodchoppers, ore diggers, lime diggers, lime burners, stone-coal miners.

Pioneer Character Sketches 643

At Bloom, Mr. and Mrs. Cole, while accimiulating what was in those days considered a large fortune, were unconsciously doing missionary work. The schoolhouse, of their building, was also the place of worship, and Mrs. Cole saw to it that the people were not neglectful of the privileges of religious as well as mental training.

A curious phase of that age, at the furnaces, was, notwithstanding the houses were of rough logs and the want of which is now considered necessary furnishings, the high style and strict etiquette of living, the table linen was always the finest and cleanest, the silver bright, the china beautiful, the glass clear, knives and forks polished after each meal. It is told of Mr. Cole, that when a young man appeared at his table, on a warm day, without his coat, he rose and waited: "Mrs. Cole always liked the gentlemen to wear their coats here." Needless to say the man put on his coat.

Mr. Cole, though not a drinker, kept the friendly glass, to drink with friends, but the arguments of a speaker of the first temperance society - The Washingtonians - convinced him that total abstinence, on his part, was the only way to reach the many inebriate men of his employ, whom he had vainly tried to help. The evening of that temperance lecture, will be rememberea today, if any one is living who witnessed Mr. Cole's signing the pledge and inviting his men, who were present, to follow his example. Nearly all took th^ pen and many confirmed drunkards kept their pledge till the end of their lives.

In the Spring of 1842, at the urgent request of his wife, Mr. Cole retired from business and removed to West iJnion. to educate their young family, but in November of the same year, Mrs. Cole was taken ill, and in two weeks Mr. Cole was left with six motherless children.

In 1844, the family went to Kentucky, the ideal state of the Cole family. In the fall of the same year Mr. Cole married Miss I^uisa Paul, a niece of his first wife. Miss Paul was a beautiful lady, of refinement, good judgment and common sense, who did what she could for the children of her adoption. After years of prosperity in the iron business of Kentucky, Mr. Cole returned to Ohio, on account of failing health, living several years in Portsmouth, before returning to Bloom Furnace, where he dievi in 1866.

was born in Gloucester County, New Jersey, November i, 1769. When a boy, the first money he earned was a dollar, and with that he bought a new testament and committed a large portion of it to memory. In his twenty-third year he went to Charleston, South Carolina, by sea and remained a year. In November, 1793, he was married to Sarah Blackman, who survived him. In 1794, he became a Methodist, though he had been reared a Quaker. At the time he joined the Methodist Church, he was a major in the militia, but resigned soon after. Directly after this he was licensed as a local preacher in the Methodist Church and he became noted for his sermons as such. He traveled in west New Jersey, and in 1804 he came to Ohio and settled in Horse Shoe Bottoms, about twenty-five miles above Cincinnati, in Brown County. Before coming to Ohio, he visited the Northwest Territory, in 1802, and then removed his family the next year. He continued to reside on his farm in Brown County until a few months before his decease, when he removed to Maysville. Kentucky, and resided with his second son, George Collins.

In 1804, he preached the first Methotlist sermon ever preached in Cincinnati, to twelve persons, in an upper room. This was in the house of Mrs. Dennison. His text was, **Go ye unto all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature, etc." His congregation were melted to tears by the pathos of his sermon and one person was converted and afterward became a local preacher. A short time after he formed a class of eight persons, of whom Mr. Gibson was the leader, and he was the only one of them whose circumstances admitted of his entertaining the minister. In 1807, Mr. Collins became a traveling minister, and was appointed to the Miami Circuit with the Rev. B. Lakin as a colleague. His wife prayed for his success during his absence at the time he had appointed for public worship at each appointment.

In 1808, Mr. Collins traveled the Scioto Circuit, and in 1809 and 1810, the Deer Creek Circuit, then the Union Circuit, embracing Dayton and Lebanon. At this time. 181 1, there was no Methodist preaching in Dayton, and Mr. Collins was the first one to preach there. He organized a church there and caused an edifice for public worship to be built. This was the beginning of Methodism in Dayton. In Lebanon, he had a great revival and numbers were taken into the church. In 181 2, he retired from the ministry and ren:iained on his farm until 18 19 when he was appointed Presiding Elder in the Scioto Circuit and continued in that office during 1820. It was during his eldership that Chillicothe had a great revival of religion. At one time, while preaching in Chillicothe, he preached with such impassioned eloquence that the congregation remained one hour after the benediction, and a Presbyterian, present, said the sermon was the most eloquent he had ever heard.

In 1821 and 1822, he was stationed in Cincinnati; in 1823 in Chillicothe, and in 1824, in Cincinnati. From 1825 to 1828 he was in the Miami District: from 1828 to 1831, he was in the Scioto District. In 1832 and 1833, he was in the X^ew Richmond District. In 1834, he was stationed in Cincinniti, and in 1834 and 1835 he traveled the White Oak Circuit, and this was his last work as an active minister. In 1836, he was superannuated, but visiti'd about and preached as his strength permitted.

Durinir the time of his activity in the ministry, the Methodist Church had not a more successful minister than Mr. Collins. He was unassuming and gentlemanly in his manners, instructive and religious in his conversation, and evinced so much interest in the spiritual welfare of his hearers that all who became acquainted with him, loved him. He was a i^reat reader and thorough in his thinking. His biblical knowdedge was complete and always available. He had an extensive knowledge of history and literature. His perceptions were quick and accurate, and his power of discrimination perfect. His mind was well balanced and his statements were deliberate and never necessary to recall or qualify. He was a most perfect judge of human nature. Inhere was never a suspicion of affection in his nature. He was always earnest, always s}*m- pathetic, and the tones of his voice were captivating. He never preached without shedding tears and nearly always he caused weeping in his congregation. Nothing he said ever seemed premeditated. He always seemed to be full and overflowing with his subject. Above all, he was sympathetic. When he described a situation or condition, his hearers felt it, and they sympathized with the subject just as he did. He did not teach the terrors of the law, but the love of the Gospel. His social intercourse with his fellow men was such, so gentle, so kind, so full of interest for those he met, so full of spiritual sympathy that it is said he preached more out of the pulpit than in it. His friends loved him and loved to be in his presence. Moreover, when he secured the affection of anyone, he never lost it. His personal appearance always made a favorable impression. His dress was always neat, always plain and Quaker like. Solemnity and benovolence were blended in his countenance which was always pleasing and impressive. His eyes at o nee attracted those who met him. His voice was full of melody, so full that, often when reading the opening hymn in his expressive manner, tears would come into the eyes of his hearers.

was born August 26, 1789, in Harford County, Maryland. His father was Ephriam Cole, and his mother was Ada Mitchell, born in the same county, near Havre-de-gras. His grandparents on both sides were born in the same county. He came to Kentucky with his pkrents in 1793 where they located in Mason County. In 1794, they removed and located near West Union, Ohio, on the second farm near to the right on the old Manchester road, at one time occupied by Mr. Harsha. He had three brothers, Ephriam, Leonard and Allaniah, and three sisters, Ada, Zilla and Elizabeth. He was married in 1809 to Nancy Collings, daughter of James and Christian Collings, who was born in Manchester, March 16, 1794, in the Stockade. Her parents were also from Harford County, Maryland. James M. Cole was a soldier in the War of 1812, and obtained a land warrant for 160 acres for military services. After his return from the war, he resided on a farm near West Union. From 1830 to 1833, he was one of the County Commissioners of Adams County. From 1833 to 1837, he was Sheriff of the county. In 1839, he removed to a farm opposite Concord, Kentucky, and resided there until 1850: He then purchased a farm in Lewis County, Kentucky, some miles below Vanceburg and lived there until i860, in which year he died on the sixteenth of August. He was buried in the Collings cemetery, south of West Union. His wife died in March, 1861, and is buried by his side.

In politics he was a strong Democrat all his life, a follower of Andrew Jackson, and he and his wife were both earnestly and enthusiastically attachejd to the Methodist Church. He was of more than the average intelligence and had a very high sense of integrity. He possessed great wit and humor and fine conversational powers. His wife was a woman of extraordinary force and grasp of subjects. She possessed the most wonderful fortitude and tenacity of purpose, and was never known to 35a lose her self poise. They reared a large family of sons and daughters. The sons have largely followed professional pursuits and have distinguished themselves. As most of them are sketched in this work, they are not further noticed here.

was bom in New Jersey, January 3, 1778. His father was in the Revolutionary War and was wounded at the battle of Trenton, December 26, 1776, and died of the same in 1778. After his father's death, his mother moved to Kentucky and married a man named Peterson. In 1792, George, who could not get along with his step-father, ran away and went to the Stockade in Manchester. The settlers had him drive out their cows in the morning and drive them in at evening. In the Fall of 1793, on one occasion, when George was out in the forest to bring the cows in, he saw a party of Indians who discovered him at the same time. They were lurking about to take a prisoner or a scalp. George at once set up a series of Indian yells and started for the Stockade. The Indian yell was as well understood by the cattle as by the settlers. The cattle took fright and went for the Stockade on the run. The boy also did the best running he ever did in his life, yelling in Indian style all the time, and he could imitate the Indian yell most perfectly. The result was as George expected. The settlers rushed out of the Stockade fully armed, and met young Campbell. The Indians, unable to overtake George, and seeing the settlers, fled. Evidently they wanted to capture the boy as they made no attempts to shoot or tomahawk him. George grew to manhood in Adams County and spent his life there. He married Katherine Noland on September 15, 1803, and in 1804 settled in Scott Township, where he died October 30, 1854.