Thomas Powers Ranch, 4137 North Highway 224, Snyderville

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS UTAH,22-SNYD,2-. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The Thomas L. Powers Ranch Complex is a compact intact farmstead, parts of which date from the turn of the century. The residence dates from This complex represents one of a few remaining intact ranching complexes remaining in the Snyderville area. The house is a good example of an early twentieth century pyramid cottage type with Craftsman style influence.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS UTAH,22-SNYD,2-. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

A. Dudley Gardner and Michael R. Polk Thomas Powers Ranch Coillpla HABS No. UT-126 (page 2) II. HISTORY A. Homesteading in Utah Agricultural development within the present state of Utah preceeded the Home- stead Act of Within the Salt Lake Valley fanning began in with the arrival of Mormon emigrants, who came west seeking religious freedom. Tight- ly organized, this religious colony prospered by irrigating the stream valleys that feed the Great Salt Lake. So successful were their fanning efforts that by the population of Utah had grown to people. 1 By the population had climbed to individuals. 2 This population growth occurred within an agriculturally centered economy and grew without the benefit of the govern- ment's generous Homestead Act.

In Utah, the farm village was utilized to colonize the future state. From until about the state was settled through the establishment of 450 hamlets or farm villages. Virtually all of these villages were laid out in the four-square pattern following the cardinal directions. They were also often located at canyon openings according to the dictates of water. 3 The towns were estab- lished and promoted as the ideal form of settlement by the Mormon Church. Arable land was scarce and "water the price of blood". This deficiency made the small farm village model the most effective means of colonizing the land and expanding the area of the Mormon church's influence. 4 In Utah the Mormon Church, rather than the federal government, took the lead in settling the land.

This did not mean, however, that church members did not take advantage of the Homestead Act of What did take place with the passage of the Home- stead Act was a change in Utah's land use patterns. Thomas Powers Ranc~9111.plex. HABS No. UT-126 (page 3) The Homestead Act had a pronounced impact on settlement patterns in Utah. While the farm village was definitely a Euro-American land use pattern, it did take into consideration prevailing environmental conditions, such as drainage patterns and the availability of natural resources. The Homestead Act was based on allotting land in 160 acre plots. This system allotted land based on legal definitions and was not based on environmental conditions.

As Charles Peterson notes: The new homestead farms were larger and located on highline canals and along section lines away from the farm villages, reduc- ing the near monopoly the older pattern once held on the land- scape. A typically American system of distribution based on federal land provisions and speculation [was] superimposed upon the pioneer pattern. 5 Most people in Utah began to actively apply the Homestead Laws during 6 While the Homesteading Act in Utah greatly aided in the settlement of the future state, settlement patterns would still reflect Mormon values throughout most of the territory. So successful were these Mormon farmers that politicians throughout the west used them as examples of how the desert could be cultivat- ed.

Gentiles, or non-Mormons, did homestead in Utah, but the principal bene- ficiaries of the Homestead Act were members of the Mormon farm villages. The various expanded Homestead Acts, such as the "Enlarged Homestead Act of helped Utah farmers initiate dry-farming in areas thought previously unsuited for agriculture. Many politicians would point to Utah as an example of how dry-farming could succeed in the arid west. In fact, successes in Utah led many to believe dry-farming would lead to the settlement of the semi-arid west and used a farm in Kaysville, Utah as a case study of how dry-farming worked. John A. Widtsoe, who conducted the initial dry-farming research in the Rocky Mountain West, was a leader in pushing for this method of farming. Thomas Powers Ranch Coniple3t HABS No.

UT-126 (page 4) As an example of the success possible on a dry farm, Widtsoe pointed to the John R. Barnes farm in Kaysville, Utah. This ninety-acre tract, located in Davis County just north of Salt Lake City, had been dry-farmed since Barnes had kept careful records, year by year; and much of that data, through the year was charted by Widtsoe. The precipitation during those years varied from a low of inches in to a high of inches in The yield of what varied from a high of bushels per acre in to a low of bushels per acre in excluding which was the one year of failure. (Widt- soe ascribed this failure to improper soil preparation.) The chart reveals at a glance that yields in excess of twenty bushels per acre were the rule whenever the soil had been allowed to lie fallow the preceding year.

According to Barnes' s records, his net profit for the nineteen-year period was Widtsoe concluded that this represented "a very fair profit" on the original pur- chase price of the farm. 7 Widtsoe's conclusions and arguments were central to the development and acceptance of the Enlarged Homestead Act of that allowed homesteaders to claim 320 acres of non-arable, non-mineral, arid lands. After the focus of the Utah farm and ranching industry changed dramati- cally. The shift was economically motivated and centered around shifting from a self-sufficient system of agriculture to commercialism.

8 "Underlying the entire process was the shift from a land business based on Mormon stewardship to one of commercialism and speculation." Due to this change, the amount of acreage cultivated increased sharply from 1. 3 acres under the old system to 4 .1 million acres in the 9 Improved farmlands also almost doubled, and irrigated land increased by 132 percent. By 10 percent of the total area of Utah had been claimed for farming. This was a remarkable accomplishment considering that estimates of arable land in Utah rarely exceeded four or five percent of the state's land surface.

The land boom would continue after this time with settlers using the various homestead acts to obtain an average of acres of land every year between and 10 The principal force behind Thomas Powers Ranch Complex- HABS No. UT-126 (page 5) this increase in lands claimed for agriculture was the expanded homestead laws and the development of dry-farming. Dry farming was practiced in areas with environmental conditions similar to those found in the Park City area. 11 Inter- estingly, the homesteads in the Snyderville area predate both of these factors. B.

The Homesteads at Snyderville The earliest farm villages established near present Park City and Snyderville had their beginnings in the Both Heber, south of Park City, and Coalville, to the north, were established in These communities were laid out in the typical Mormon farm village pattern. The notable difference was that Coalville also had a mining element. Coal was mined for local use and the Union Pacific Railroad, after looked to the Coalville area as a potential source of fuel. However, it was at Park City that major mining activity would be the cause for the growth and development of a community. Nearby Snyderville would be greatly impacted by this growth and prosperity.

To understand the growth which eventually occurred in Snyderville and of homesteading in the area, both the Mormon settlement of the area and the opening of the Park City mines need to be considered. In Samuel Comstock Snyder joined with Parley P. Pratt to open a road from Salt Lake City east across the Wasatch Mountains into an area which had recently been named "Parley's Park". Parley's Park was a large area on the east side of the crest of the Wasatch Mountains which included the present communities of Park City, Snyderville and Kimball. In Samuel Snyder built a home and settled with his family in the area that would eventually be known as Snyderville. By the population of the Parley's Park area had grown to about 150 Mormon settlers. 12 Thomas Powers Ranch Ge~ple* HABS No.

UT-126 (page 6) In the late two events, occurring almost simultaneously, forever changed the future of Snyderville. The first of these was in when a federal survey- or general was appointed to Utah. The second event occurred in when gold and silver ore was discovered in the Park City area. Both of these events had profound effects upon the Snyderville population. The first event, appointment of a surveyor general to the territory in produced a drastic change in Utah's settlement pattern including that of Parley's Park. Obviously settlement had taken place prior to but the federal government did not recognize private land ownership in Utah until after that date. The delay in appointment of a surveyor was due, in large part, to Con- gressional opposition.

This delay also prevented extension of preemption and the homestead laws in Utah. 13 The first cadastral.plat maps of the Snyderville area, an essential step towards obtaining land from the federal government, were not approved until Yet, by this time, some areas such as Snyder- ville had been settled for 20 years or more. Snyderville was originally settled in a pattern similar to most early Mormon communities. The Snyderville settlement pattern was described by Carroll: As a settlement type, Snyderville possessed most of the character- istics Peterson ascribed to the "Mormon Village". By the time of Snyderville's founding, church leadership had fixed upon the village as a way of preserving religious practice; promoting communal development of resources, and insuring a mutual defense.

Under the direction of church leadership, isolated farms often became the core of future village settlements. Snyderville' s genesis fits this pattern. Snyderville had the Mormon village's basic form; a nucleated settlement with haying, farming and grazing lands beyond. The cadastral map, the first for the area, depicted Snyderville as a cluster of buildings strung mostly along present day Old Ranch Road. To the north was a large fenced enclosure labeled "Field" which shared a common fence line with a second larger enclosure to the east. 14 Thomas Powers Ranch t:omJ>l8X HABS No. UT-126 (page 7) The sudden shift to the federal system after based upon the Homestead Act began a slow, though orderly dispersal of the population.

15 Changes in the Snyderville townsite occurred similarly to other areas where one individual often obtained rightful claims of prior long term use. Carroll provides an example of such a claim: On September 20, Ephraim Snyder received the patent to the north half of the northwest quarter of Section 31. Snyder's subsequent sale to his sister, Betsy Ann Black, in for $1 represented her claim on the prope~ from prior use and the inheritance from her father's estate. Considering the potential for dissension in cases of land claims 20 years old, the transition from the historic farm village pattern to the homestead system was relatively smooth. In fact, this change was rather unique in the Intermountain Region.

With the exception of the Spanish land grant system which preceded the homesteading system in Arizona, New Mexico and southern Colorado, Utah's farm village pattern was the only other displaced settlement system in the Intermountain Region. Of the two supplanted systems, however, the Homestead Act posed the greatest change to Utah's existing population distribution and to economic, political and religious patterns in the territory. Implementation of the Homestead Act permanently changed the land use pat- terns of the territory. A new pattern of township and section boundaries and homesteads was laid over the original village pattern. As a result, settlement in the territory became more dispersed. 17 After scattered farms and ranches became more common in Utah due to the homestead laws.

Settlement in the Snyderville area followed this pattern. Thomas Powers Ranch GetnplC* HABS No. (page 8) Early settlers in Snyderville experimented with both farming and stock raising. Due to the high elevation that prevented cultivation of crops, cattle raising became the dominant agricultural industry. The enlarged homestead acts helped expand ranching ventures, but it did not serve as an impetus for settlement of the area. In the other event occurred which most profoundly affected the future of Snyderville. In that year soldiers from Fort Douglas in Salt Lake City, who were prospecting in the Parley's Park area, discovered gold and silver ore in the Park City area.

As was common throughout the West during this time, a stampede of gold seekers resulted, and tents and brush shelters were built in the Park City area near the mines. This discovery of gold and silver also had a profound effect upon the nearby Snyderville community. These effects, however, may have helped to balance and even enhance the rearrangements of the cultural landscape which were wrought by implementation of the Homestead Act in The arrival of many miners and others to the area produced an immediate local need for both lumber and agricultural commodities. Two Snyderville sawmills, one operated by Samuel Snyder and his relatives and the other by William Gibson, provided much of the needed lumber for the mines until By then the local moun- tains had been stripped of timber.

18 Agricultural commodities also provided by the Snyderville settlement included milk, eggs, hay and other farm products. Thus, the economic hardships which might have resulted from the disbursement of the Snyderville community were offset by the opening of a new and demand- ing market for their agricultural commodities. Thomas Powers Ranch ~ HABS No. UT-126 (page 9) C. Thomas Powers Ranch Complex The Thomas Powers Ranch is associated with the Snyderville farm village. However, it was not associated with the Samuel Snyder venture initiated in the Powers actually gained possession of his land through purchases and consolidating the land holdings of his neighbors.

19 The ranch complex was built, not as part of a homestead settlement, but instead as a real estate transac- tion that eventually created a well developed agriculture complex. Nonetheless, the Powers Ranch was located adjacent to Snyderville, reflecting an evolution of land use that had its beginnings in the farm village system. Stephen Alexandrowicz provides an excellent description of the T. L. Powers Ranch Complex: Research has shown that the property has been primarily used for ranching from the onset of Euroamerican habitation at this site. The property was part of the lands granted by the United States government to the Union Pacific Railroad as an incentive for the development of the nation's first transcontinental rail system during the mid-nineteenth century.

Subsequently, the property was conveyed to William S. Gibson in In Gibson sold the property to William Archibald, a partner in the Archibald and McKendrick Ranch who operated extensive sheep and cattle ranching enterprises in the Snyderville area until the turn of the century. In the property was conveyed from Archibald to Thomas L. Powers. Powers was an Irish immigrant who had been employed at the Park City mines following his arrival in the Parley's Park area. Thomas Powers successfully operated a sheep ranch on the property until his death in 20 Thomas L. Powers, the individual who pulled together the ranch property bear- ing his name, was an Irish immigrant who came to the Park City area to work in the local mines.

21 He began acquiring property in the current ranch complex area in when he purchased a large tract of land from William Archibald Thomas Powers Ranch eM'l~ HABS No. UT-126 (page 10) for 22 After purchase of an additional 15 acre parcel in the same year, his holdings totaled approximately 49 acres, the nucleus of a land holding which would serve as his sheep ranch (with a short break in time) for the next 46 years until his death in Five years after initially purchasing the land, Powers and his wife, Loretta Powers, sold the property to Newton F.

Tomlinson for on November 11, 23 As Carroll notes in his description of this dealing: "Apparently, Powers financed the sale because the property was sold back to him, presumably because Tomlinson could not afford the purchase, on September 27, (Summit County Warranty Deeds Book J: "24 Powers again increased his holdings on June 29, with the purchase of acres of land from J. C. Clark, sheriff of Summit County. This land was once owned by Mabel Cannon, but was seized because she failed in repayment of a loan to Powers. 25 This loan was not the only indication of the wealth which Powers had accumulated to this time.

He also made two loans to neigh- bor David Snyder totaling 26 As Carroll notes in concluding his Powers Ranch description: Powers, like the Fletchers [other nearby land holders], typified what was taking place in Parley's Park from the tum-of-the- century into the Land holdings were being concentrated in the hands of a few large owners who used it for commercial stock raising. 27 Upon its purchase, the Powers Ranch was not immediately constructed as a complete sheep ranching complex. Rather, over a period of time, buildings were added and some were removed or unintentionally destroyed until the complex that is present on the property today was realized. Thomas Powers Ranch empl&K HABS No.

UT-126 (page 11) Today the complex consists of a number of separate buildings which were con- structed over a long period of time. There were also several structures which were once present, but which no longer exist. The current complex is com- prised of a total of eleven structures. These include a residential building (UT- a garage (UT-126-E) and a granary (UT-126-F) at the southern end of the complex; a large barn (UT-126-A), livestock barn (UT-126-B), milking barn (UT-126-D) and shop (UT-126-1) clustered together in the center of the com- plex; a large open air shed (UT-126-C) at the northern end of the complex; and the Thomas Powers cabin (UT-126-G), an outhouse (UT-126-H) and a small storage shed (UT-126-J) west of the ranch buildings.

The plan view map on page 16 details the location of each structure. Two historic maps of the area and a tax appraisal of the property provide some perspective concerning the changes in the property since about The map of the area, completed by the Office of the State Engineer, is de- scribed by Carroll: The map ... indicated four large buildings on the site. One, probably a barn, was on the east side of the county road (present in a fenced enclosure, and two large structures, also assumed to be barns; are in a fenced enclosure west of the county road and north of a road joining it from the southwest. An "L" shaped structure to the south was presumed to be the house.

An irrigation ditch ran along the west side of the county road and Willow Creek cut at a diagonal between the two barns on the west side of the county road 28 A construction map for Federal Aid Project 93C showed the same configu- ration with the exception that the westernmost barn was left out of the drawing, suggesting that it was no longer extant at this time. 29 Thomas Powers Ranch Compl~ HABS No. UT-126 (page 12) The tax appraisal of the property also provides some useful insights into the evolution of building construction.

Again, according to Carroll: The tax appraisal for the property gave an approximate date for the house of Outbuildings and date of construction were listed as barn shop (illegible) dairy barn milk house dairy barn and shelter The older buildings were wood on concrete slabs, and the newer buildings were concrete block. This list was crossed out on the appraisal form and replaced by the designations shed, garage, barn, shelter, milk house, barn, shed, house and shelter. 30 Several of the outbuilding structures noted by the assessor represent much later construction phases of the ranch complex.

The assessor's 14 foot by 57 foot "dairy barn" probably refers to the cinderblock milking barn described in this text (UT-126-D); the 30 foot by 56 foot "shelter" probably refers to the open air shed (UT-126-C); and the 14 foot by 14 foot "milk house" probably refers to an attached portion of the milking barn (UT-126-D). According to the assessor's records all of these structures were built in In addition to these recent structures, it is likely that several other of the struc- tures mentioned by the county assessor refer to identifiable structures from the current inventory.

For instance, the assessor's 28 foot by 32 foot "barn", which was built in probably refers to the large barn (UT-126-A); the assessor's 28 foot by 57 foot "dairy barn", which was built in refers to the livestock barn (UT-126-B); and the 16 foot by 20 foot "shop", built in probably refers to the shop (UT-126-I). 31 The one "illegible" structural reference noted by Carro1132 was reexamined and identified as a 12 foot by 14 foot "granary" referring to the plank sided granary found during the present inventory (UT-126-F). Thomas Powers Ranch eMpleK HABS No. UT-126 (page 13) There was little additional information discovered concerning the history of the ranch structures.

The age and function of the "Thomas Powers Cabin" is not known, though the Victorian design, turned spindles on the front porch and the novelty siding suggest that it dates from no later than very early this century and possibly earlier. Whether this house represents an early residence of Thomas Powers' is not known. The main residence on the property obviously dates later than many of the other structures. According to the current occupant, Dan Thomas, the original house burned and was replaced with the present structure early in this century. This matches with the assessor's card information which states that the current structure was built about and with tum-of-the-century surficial artifactual debris found on the south side of the house.

33 Whether Powers built the earlier house, whether it was constructed by a former property owner or even what style of structure it represented are not known. The variety of .construction dates known for the ranch buildings provides good evidence that Powers developed his ranch slowly over time. It also suggests that, after his death in the focus of the ranch activities turned more toward dairy farming than sheep raising. It is possible that the increased population of the Salt Lake Valley and the decline of dairy farming in that same area may have created a strong demand for dairy goods from this area.

The strong growth of the Powers Ranch Complex during the early twentieth century is a reflection of the rising economic power that commercial agriculture created in the western United States. From to ca. the farming and ranching industry in the West witnessed unparalleled growth. In due to a depression in a soft agricultural market, western farms witnessed a downturn in Thomas Powers Ranch eonrpl~ HABS No. UT-126 (page 14) their profits. While prices for farm goods plummeted, a rise in homesteading activity resulted in more homesteads being filed in the than ever before. 34 Powers appears to have been a prosperous agricultural entrepreneur who successfully weathered the downturns.

This is well-evidenced by his purchases of neighboring lands and by the fact that he was financially solvent enough to lend money to his neighbors. 35 The fact that the Powers Ranch Complex is the most substantial fanning/ranch- ing complex in Snyderville reflects Powers' economic success in commercial agriculture. It is due to this success that he was able to build the cluster of structures at his ranch. Thomas Powers Ranch eorn,placx HABS No. UT-126 (page 15) Chain of title for the T. L. Powers residence and ranch. 36 DATE GRANT OR GRANTEE INSTRUMENT BOOK/PAGE Union Pacific William S.

Gibson Warr Deed Patents I-32 Gibson William Archibald WarrDeed Warr Deeds Gibson & wife William Archibald Warr Deed Warr Deeds William Archibald et ux School Trustees of Warr Deed Miscellaneous Records District 9 William Archibald et ux Elsie P. Snyder Warr Deed Miscellaneous Records Green Joan Gibson Warr Deed Warr Deeds William and Catherine Parley's Park Scenic Warr Deed Warr Deeds Archibald Resort Company George M. Evans et ux William Archibald Warr Deed Warr Deeds Parley's Park Scenic Hannah G.

Moffet, Quit Claim Quit Claims Resort Company William Archibald William Archibald et ux Eliz.abeth McNaughton Warr Deed Warr Deeds E-365 Snyder United States Union Pacific Patent Miscellaneous Records Joan Gibson et ux William Archibald Warr Deed Warr Deeds Levi Snyder (executor) Administrators Deed Miscellaneous Records Hannah Moffat William Archibald Quit Claim Quit Claims William Archibald Thomas L. Powers Warr Deed Warr Deeds Thomas L. Powers et ux Newton F. Tomlinson Warr Deed Warr Deeds Newton F. Tomlinson et ux Thomas L. Powers Warr Deed Warr Deeds Thomas L. Powers Summit County Warr Deed Warr Deeds Sheriff Clark Thomas L. Powers Sheriffs Deed Miscellaneous Records Thomas Powers Ranch Cemplex HABS No.

UT-126 (page 16) .~ I I r / I / - Fonner Thomas Powers I Ranch J- G -Former Thom~~OShed H-Outhous.~ ~ of / / . / KEY 126 UT-126, Jlowcu llesida~tt A UT-126-A, Large barn B UT-126-B, Livestock barn c UT-126-C, Open air shed D UT-126-D, Milking barn E UT-126-E, Garage F UT-126-F, .Granary G UT-126-G, Powers cabin H UT-126-H, Outhouse SCALES I UT-126-1, Shop 0 ~ J UT-126-J, Small shed 0 10 20 30 m Lt T-1iLc-i 1 ~ldeui~ 37 Plan View of the Thomas Powers Ranch Complex. Thomas Powers Ranch-CompliK HABS No. UT-126 .PEic.~.~-41 .c~ .,_./e ~~-u....7 ?" . . : .. . (page 17) Serial Number Card Number StoriH Dimenaiona Sq. F\. ~'actor _ _Tots.la _ _ Totals I x x x x - 1 1 x x Att. Gar.-C.P. Fir. Walla..._ Cl. ! ... De1cription of Buildin1r1 Addltion1 Additions Foundation-Stone - - - Cone. ~ Sills.

_ _+ - - - - - + - t - - - - Ext. Walla ~ Roof Type ( /-. - " A-'M.111.-:./"" "- Dormen-Small Med. - - - Lariie (./ - Baya-Small-=- Med ---=-Larirec-,..-F- -~ i_~1-+- --i~;-+-+ t ~-- Porchea-Front Zij f - / Re&r 7 (I I - ~~:....i'?'~.,. _; __ Porch f l i- ;; @ ~ f - - - - - t - : . ,l; - Planten _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ @ 1 l j i I . Ext. Bue. Entry @ '-= 1. <is-i Cellar B~',I 'h ' .. "6 Full - - Floorl~ . .A."if..7--+--+---- - Bamt. G a r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - 4 - - j - - - - - Baaement-Apt. - - - - - ~ in. - - - - + - - - - - 1 ; - - t - - - - ... _ i r 1- -1. t -t- -~ . - -1 -1 - ~ ~ .. 1 -! Attlc Room Fin. Unfin. - - - - - - + - - - : - - - - - t _ _ , r - - - - - - - - - c1a11 Tub. --'-Tray r-- bc t -1 -~ !" - - - .. l Baaln _J_ Sink. _ / _ _ Toilet ~ ., .

I P!umblnir _ _ St. _ _ O.T. ' ... ~ ~ tf L __ _ Diahwaaher Gs.rbaire D i o p . - - - + - - - - - + - + - - - f ; I Heat-Stove_ H.A.~FA_HW_Stkr_Elec._ / ~ . Oil __ Ga1 _i_:C>al _ Pipeleu _Radiant--+--=~'-----+--+---- ; -') (/ - Air Cond. - Full - - - - - - Zone - - - - - - + - - - - - - t - - l c - - - - ... .+ . . ' -. - t - - Finiah-Fir. _ _ _ Hd. Wd. Floor-Fir. Panel - - - - + - - - - - + - - + - - - - Hd. Wd - - - Oth -'. fi+~ =~ .'. . -- C&bineta J Jf_ i{-r Fae- Tile -Walls Wainsco., '"' '" oon

Residential Out Buildings

Aire Conv. Adi. Der SiH Area tor Coat Fae. Cost Vai Storm Suh-Wood D.' I S. Met r; "< x .47 x .41 x .(1 x .(1 x .47 Total Addition x .47 Yur Built _ _ __,II, Avir.li/.f~ Replacement Coat Garaire-Clu1 / Depr. ...Jlll..::A~ir~e..J..!2::. --lt.:::O:.::b=ao:.::le:: -Cara _ /_ _ Floor Wall~ Roof4,:_,4 Doora _ _- - ! 5Owner Tenant- 11-A=di<.:. x ,2. 3 Aire/ f.2 Z Coat Inf. by 1Neiirhbor. Record. Eat. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___...::Co.:;n::.cv:..:. .:; to;;:.:...r_ 1 Baae Coat~ x x % _ _ i l 4 <;" :to j ,;J (7 % Depr.

----------'Re::=!p:.::l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T < t a l _ _ _ _ _ _ _~- _ _ _ _ _ _ ____:D~e~P:.:;r.:; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bue Co1i, Leas Depreciation Total Value from reverae aide _A__,,,,,.w - - , , /_J / 'l'ots.l Bulr('nir Value S Appraiaed 0 _:$ / // / 19 O</,f" _l\ '. lllEV. a1 ~~ / STATE OP' UTAH -

State Tax Commission

Appraised / B y - - - - - - - - - - - - Front and back of tax a~praisal card for T. L. Powers property at North Highway Snyderville, Utah. Thomas Powers Ranch Awplex HABS No. UT-126 (page 18) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r- I ! x x x x x x x x x x >' > ID C x x,_ x x x x ... Q UI :ca: A. A. o( I ) ! J Supplemental tax a:Rpraisal card for Powers property at North Highway Snyderville, Utah. Thomas Powers Ranch Complex HABS No. UT-126 (page 19) ID. ENDNOTES 1. Superintendent of Documents, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to A Statistical Abstract Supplement,'p. 13. 2. Ibid. 3. Charles S. Peterson, Utah, A History, p. 38. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid., pp. 6. Ibid. 7. Standford J. Layton, To No Privileged Class, p. 27. 8. Peterson, Utah A History, p. 9. Ibid. 10.

Ibid. 11. Ibid., pp. 12. Marie Nelson, Mountain Memories: A Book of Remebrance, p. 13. David M. Carroll, Results of the Historical Research: Documented Cultural Resources, In: Historical Archaeology at Parley's Park, Utah: The 'Jesting Program, p. 28. 14. Ibid., p. 27. 15. Charles S. Peterson, Imprint of Agricultural Systems on the Utah Landscape, In: The Mormon Role in the Settlement of the Mest, pp. 16. David M. Carroll, Results of the Historical Research: Documented Cultural Resources, p. 29. 17. Ibid. 18. Marie Nelson, Results of the Historical Research: Documented Cultural Re- sources, p. 19. Summit County Book of Abstracts TIS R4E Section 31. 20. J. Stephen Alexandrowicz, Historical Archaeology at Parley's Park, Utah: The Testing Program, p. Thomas Powers Ranch &tBplif HABS No.

UT-126 (page 20) 21. David M. Carroll, Results of the Historical Rese.arch: Documented Cultural Resources, p. 52. 22. Douglas S. Beckstead, Snyderville Property Acquisitions and Transferences. In: The Snyderville Historic Townsite: 'Jesting and Archival Research, p. 37. 23. Summit County Warranty Deeds Book J, November 11, p. 13. 24. David M. Carroll, Results of the Historical Research: Documented Cultural Resources, p. 54. 25. Ibid. 26. Ibid. 27. Ibid. 28. Ibid, p. 52. 29. Utah State Road Commission, Federal Aid Project map. 30. David M. Carroll, Results of the Historical Research: Documented Cultural Resources, p. 52. 31. Summit County Assessor's Office, Tux Appraisal Records, 32. David M. Carroll, Results of the Historical Research: Documented Cultural Resources, p. 52. 33.

Don Southworth, personal communication, 34. A. D. Gardner, D. E. Johnson, and K. Thompson, Archaeological Investiga- tions at the Harrower Site (48SU867) Sublette County, l\)'oming. 35. J. Stephen Alexandrowicz, Historical Archaeology at Parley's Park, Utah., pp. pp. 36. David M. Carroll, Results of the Historical Research: Documented Cultural Resources, p. 53. 37. Modified from: J. Stephen Alexandrowicz, Historical Archaeology at Parley's Park, Utah, figure 38. Summit County Assessor's Office, Tux Appraisal Records, 39. Ibid. Thomas Powers Ranch GemplM HABS No. UT-126 (page 21) IV. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. BOOKS AND PUBLISHED

Sources

Alexandrowicz, J. Stephen. Historical Archaeology at Parley's Park, Utah: The Testing Program. Salt Lake City: P-m Associates, Inc., Beckstead, Douglas S. Snyderville Property Acquisitions and Transferences. In: The Snyderville Historic 1bwnsite: Testing and Archival Research, com- piled by Betsy L. Tipps and Douglas S. Beckstead, pp. Salt Lake City: P-III Associates, Inc., Carroll, David M. Results of the Historical Research: Documented Cultural Resources. In: Historical Archaeology at Parley's Park, Utah: The Testing Program, J. Stephen Alexandrowicz, pp. Salt Lake City: P-III Associ- ates, Inc., Disbrow, M. A., & Co. Universal Design Book No. 25 on Builder's W>od- work. Dubuque, Iowa: Universal Catalog Bureau, Dole, Philip. Farmhouses and Barns of the Willamette Valley.

In: Space, Style and Structure, Building in Nonhwest America, edited by Thomas Vaugh- an, pp. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society, Gardner, A. D., D. E. Johnson and K. Thompson. Archaeological Investiga- tions at the Harrower Site (48SU867) Sublette County, llYoming, Manuscript on file, Archaeological Services, Western Wyoming College, Layton, Standford J. To No Privileged Class. Provo, Utah: Charles Redd Center for Western Studies, Brigham Young University, Nelson, Marie. Mountain Memories: A Book of Remembrance, Kamas, Utah: Kamas Utah Stake, Peterson, Charles S. Imprint of Agricultural Systems of the Utah Landscape. In: The Monnon Role in the Settlement of the llest, edited by Richard H. Jackson, pp. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, Peterson, Charles S.

Utah, A History. New York: North Press, Thomas Powers Ranch "eom~ HABS No. UT-126 (page 22) B. DOCUMENTS Summit County Book of Abstracts TlS R4E Section 31, Summit County Clerks Office, Coalville, Utah. Summit County 'Tux Appraisals, County Assessor's Office, Summit County Courthouse, Coalville, Utah Summit County \\arranty Deeds Book J, November 11, County Record- er's Office, Summit County Courthouse, Coalville, Utah. Superintendent of Documents. Historical Statistics of the United States, Coloni- al Times to A Statistical Abstract Supplement. Washington U.S. Government Printing Office. Utah State Road Commission, Federal Aid Project Map on file, Central Files, Utah Department of Transportation, Salt Lake City. C.

Personal Communication

Southworth, Don. Personal Communication. [Conversation between Michael R. Polk and Don Southworth, Historic Archaeologist at Office of Public Ar- chaeology, Brigham Young University, concerning test excavations at the T. L. Powers Ranch Complex],