Walla Walla County, Washington - Biographical sketches (2 of 2 so headed), 1901 (part 8 of 9)

WALLACE R. COPELAXD. a farmer residing six miles southeast of Walla Walla, is a son of the west, having been born in Yam Hill county. Oregon, in i860. When two years old he was brought by his parents to Walla Walla, and here he was reared and educated. He worked on his father's farm from the time of his leaving school until he became twenty-two years old. then rented a farm and started to cultivate the soil on his own account. Six years later he bought the place he had previously rented - four hundred and sixteen acres on Cottonwood creek - and to this he has since added two hundred and forty acres of pasture land purchased from the government. He also owns a half interest in another tract of one hundred and ninety acres. At present he is engaged principally in raising wheat and barley, but he also gives considerable attention to thoroughbred Clyde horses and thoroughbred Durham cattle. He is now the owner of twenty head of cattle and twenty-five horses.

Mr. Copeland is an energetic, thrifty man, antl a prospjerous. well-to-do fanner, while as a man and a citizen his standing in the community is of the highest. In Walla Walla county, in 18S4. he married Miss Augusta Kasel>erg. a native of Ohio, and to their union have been bom five children. Henry, Laura, Lizzie. Ella and Edwin, the last four of whom are all attending the public school.

TOHX A. BEARD. - Prominent among those whose industry and toil ha\e wrought the industrial and agricultural development of this county is the man whose name forms the caption of this brief and necessarily incomplete article. He possesses the sturdy man- huod and great native daring which form the most striking characteristics of the trne pioneer, and is not lacking in an}- (|uahty of heart or mind essential to the typical advance agent of civilization.

Born in Illinoi.s on i'\'liruar_\- 14. 1854, he s[icnt the first eleven _\-ears of his life there, aflerward coming with liis parents o\er the long trail to the Walla Walla valley. The remainder of the family engaged in farming on a place five miles southeast of the city of Walla Walla, but our subject turned his mind to freighting. From the year i860 until the advent of the year 1876 he drove a ten-mule team almost constantly, but in the latter year he took a pre-emption in Columbia county and engaged in farming, to which, in 1879, he added stock raising also. In 1889 he retired from the farm temporarily, came to Walla Walla, and later became a member of the Walla Walla Dressed Meat Company, continuing in that until 1898, in which year he sold out his interest and again engaged in farming and handling stock. He is the owner of a fine farm of three hundred and sixty acres on Dry creek, and resides in a comfortable and handsomely furnished home on East Sumach street, \\'alla Walla, tlic title to which is in him.

Mr. Beard is a prominent man in fraternal circles, having passed through all the chairs in Trinity Lodge, L O. O. F., of which he is a charter member, and being also actively identified with the K. of P. and the United Artisans.

Near the city of Walla Walla, on October 8, 1876, the marriage of our subject ami Miss Clarinda A. Wood was solemnized. Mrs. Beard is a native of Iowa, and a pioneer of this county, having been brouglit here by her parents in 1863. She is a very active lady in

Outlining the life of Mrs. Beard's father briefiy, we may say that he was born in Tennessee January 11, 1809, and grew to man's estate and married there, afterward removing to Iowa, in which state he lost his first wife. He married again, and by his second wife, Mrs. Beard's mother, who died May 31, 1900, he had eleven chiklren, six of whom are living. He passed away in this county on August 3, 1877, and Mr. Beard's father died in Dayton ]\ larch 17, 1891.

HON. P. M. LYNCH, deceased, a pioneer of 1861, was born in Gault, Canada, in 1834. He came to the United States in 1858, locating in Nevada City, California, where for two years he followed mining. He then remo\-ed to Portland, Oregon, and engaged in blacksmithing and carriage making, a trade which he had learned in his native town. -Aliout a year later he removed to Walla Walla and (>i)encd here the first carriage making shop ir. the cit)-. Ii(nvever, he did not confine his attention to that business alone, but also engaged in [jack freighting to the mines of Silver City. I'^lorence and the Oro Fino districts, also maintaining a hardware store in Walla, on Main street, between Second and Ihird streets. His freighting business grew until he was encouraged to add three ten-mule wagons to his train.

After abiiut four years Mr. Lvnch sold his freighting outfit that he might confine his energies to his blacksmithing, carriage making and hardware business, and he continued to

]slr. Lynch was a broad-minded, publicspirited, benevolent man. He was three times elected to a seat in the Walla Walla city council, and in 1S74 was elected on the Democratic ticket to represent the county in the territorial legislature. He was one of the organizers of the \\'ashington ^"olunteer Fire Department, the first fire company in Walla Walla. Mr. Lynch was always a devout Catholic, but was too broad a man to confine his sympathy and benevolence *to any one organization. He subscribed liberally to all religious sects, and no worthy cause ever solicited his aid in vain. In Portland, Oregon. June 18, 1S61, he married ^liss ilary Byrne, a native of Ireland, reared and educated in the county of Roscommon. When eighteen she came with neighbors to Chicago, Illinois, and made her home with her brother, a business man there. In 1859 the brother died, and she came via Panama to Vancouver, Washington, where she lived with another brother until her marriage, since which she has been a resident of Walla Walla. She and her husband became parents of eight chiltlren : Edward il. and Elitia May, deceased ; Sarah A., wife of Hon. D. J. Crowley, of Tacoma, counsel for the Northern Pacific Railway; Gertrude 'Si., now Mrs. A. C. Marconnier; Eliza Margaret, now Mrs. \\". A. Ferguson, of Walla Walla; Charles H., a bookkeeper for his brother in this city; ^lartin M., a clerk in Walla Walla ; and Robert E., a plumber in Walla Walla.

Since !Mr. Lynch's death his widow has done all in her power to carry out his charitable desires, assisting every worthy cause to the full extent of her ability. She is a member of the Ladies" Relief Society, a society incorporated under the laws of the state of \\'ashington in March, 18S5, though organized in 1880. It is devoted to general charitable purposes, recognizing no sect or creed in the furtherance of its noble work. Mrs. Lynch is one of the oldest members of the organization, and has always been a hard worker for the good of the cause.

HON. \\ ILLIAM G. PRESTON. - It is with great pleasure that we now essay the task of outlining the life history of one whom an adventurous spirit early led to the sea, and afterwards kept on the forefront of civilization's march during the decades of a long and successful career. Our subject has always been a giant in achievement and one before whom difticulties that would overwhelm a less resolute man vanished like the dew before the rays of the morning sun.

Mr. Preston was born in Galway, Saratoga county. New York, on the 23d of November, 1832, and his education was acquired in Galway academy, located in the town of his liirth. When eighteen years old, he went to live with his uncle. Rev. A. W. Piatt, a Presbyterian minister, residing in Tompkins count\-. New York, with whom he remained until 1852. He tjien went to sea, visiting New Brunswick, New Orleans. Liverpool and other points in Great Britain and America, and returning to Galway, via Boston, in 1854.

That year witnessed the opening for settlement of the territory of Nebraska, and thither our subject went in the fall, making the journey by wav of Chicago and Rock Island, down the Mississippi to St. Louis, and up the Missouri river, there being no direct railway connection at that time. Locating at Bellevue, he liecame captain of Colonel Sarpce's large ferry-boat in 1855. and when the territorial capital was moved to Omaha, and the boat sold to the Council Bluffs and Nebraska Ferry Company, he went with it to Omaha. Li 1857, he removed to Steubenville, Ohio, and built the Omaha Cit}'. a double engine, sidewheel boat, designed to carry freight on the river. Li 1858, leaving the ferry industry in charge of his brother, he went to Pike's Peak, Colorado, and was among the first on the site of Denver, building one of the first houses. He was engaged in mining in the Gregory mines for a couple of years but, meeting with only indifferent success, he resolved to try his fortunes in northern Idaho, then a part of the territory of W^ashington. He went in by the upper Snake river, crossing the stream in a wagon bed, and by old Fort Lemhi at the head of the Salmon river.

Mr. Preston's connection with the town of Waitsburg dates back to 1866. Shortly after his arrival he purchased a half interest in the W'ashington Flouring mills, adding also a general merchandise business. He and his brother, Piatt A., bought out Mr. Wait, the original owner, and has continued in the business ever since, at times having other associates in both milling and merchandise. He is a director in the Merchant's Bank of Waitsburg, a stockholder and director in the Schwahacher Company's general merchandise store at Walla Walla, was prominently connected with the Puget Sound Dressed Meat Company when that was in existence, and is very largely interested in farming lands and in stock. While evidences of Mr. Preston's wonderful enterprise and great executix'e ability are everywhere manifest, they are especially to be fiiund in the Washington Mills, which have long been the leading industry of \\'aitsburg, and which ha\-e e\'er been so successfully managed as to win for their products the first place for excellence and a very enviable reputation the state over. The plant is in all respects equal to the best, and the people of the city are justly proud of it.

Notwithstanding the exacting nature of his many duties in connectinn with his pri\-ate Ijusiness, Mr. Preston has always found time to take an interest in politics, and, when called upon to perform the public duties for which his fine intellectual endowments so well qualified him, to attend to the same with faithfulness and care. When in the legislature in 1 88 1, he was appointed chairman of the very important Ways and Means committee.

Preston was married, in 1869, to Miss Matilda Cox, a daughter of the noted Hon. Anderson Cox, and perhaps the first white child born in Idaho. Their union has lieen blest by the advent of three children, Bert and Dale, in the Preston Grocery Company cf \\'alla Walla, and Charles, in the mills at Waitsburg.

As an interesting reminiscence, we may record that in 1862, Mr. Preston and his brother, \\hile on their way to the Idaho mining region, crossed the Snake ri\-er above Fort Hall when the stream was swollen by melting snows, using their wagon bed as a boat. The experiment was a very dangerous one, but they managed to thus safely ferry across the camp equipments and wagons of a large train of immigrants, swimming the stock. On reaching Fort Lemhi, as wagons could be taken no furtlier, they traded their cattle and wagons to some of those in the train whn became discouraged and turned back, receiving mules in exchange. Pack saddles were made and their first experience in the most primitive form of transportation where beasts of burden are used was had. One of the mules rolled down the mountain and landed in the hrusli hundreds of feet below, but further than that no great losses were sustained. After experiencing such hardships as only a packer knows anything about, they at length reached the Elk City mines, where the search for the key to niture"s vaults besran.

HON. PLATT .\. PRESTOX. - Among the representatives of nature's nobility, who in early days made their way to the Pacific coast, is the man whose name forms the caption of this article, and fortunate it is for the industrial and social life of the Walla Walla valley that it was so long favored by the presence and influence of such a man. His great executive ability and capacity for managing a multiplicity of enterprises at the same time enabled him to perform tasks which would have been far beyond the power of ordinary men, while his splendid intellectual development and sterling integrity made him many times the choice of the electors for high offices of trust and emolument. In the performance of every duty, whether it would be classed as important or otherwise, he was signally faithful, and his broad-minded charity and unwavering disposition to treat everyone with whom he came in contact with fairness and courtesy made him friends by the hundreds.

Our subject was born in Saratoga countv. New York, in 1S37. His father. Calvin, a physician by profession, was also a son of the Emjiire state, and his mother, iicc ilcAlister, was likewise born there. Mr. Preston received his education in the public schools and in Princeton Academy, and when the time arrived for him to leave the parental roof and to initiate independent action, came out to Omaha. Nebraska, where for four years he was employed by the Council Bluffs and Omaha Ferry Company. In i860, we find him mining m Colorado and, in 1862, in that part of Washington territory now included in the state of Idaho, his business still being to hunt assiduously for the hidden treasure. In 1866 he became identified with the town of Waitsburg, where he turned his attention to milling, purchasing an interest in the plant of Mr. Wait, the city's founder. Success attended his efforts in the new town from the first, his property interests increased steadily and his wealth grew unceasingly. He became the owner of one of the finest residences in the city, besides much other realty within the corporate limits, and, together with his brother, \\'illiam G., held the title to some five thousand acres of excellent wheat land, all of which was fully utilized in the production of cereals. He and his brother owmed most of their property in common and always looked carefully aftpr each other's interests.

Mr. Preston was a member cf the last territorial legislature, and so satisfactory to the constituency was his service that the electors thereof honored him by keeping him in the state senate for four years. One singular circumstance connected with his public life is that though he was so prominent in many hotly contested political campaigns, he seems to have made no enemies, the charm of his personality being such as to disarm hostility. He was appointed penitentiary commissioner by Gov. Ferry, and at different times served as city councilman and school director, and in numerous other capacities.

About three or four years ago. Mr. Preston bouglit a home on Portland Heights. Portland, Oregon, and tliere iiis family were residing at the time of his sudden demise. He died of heart decease on March 12. 1900. while traveling in Texas for the benefit of his daughter's health, but though that melancholy event took place in Galveston, at the home of his youngest brother, Cahin \\'. Preston, his remains lie buried in \\'aitsburg cemetery. He had been a proniinent Mason, having once servetl as Cirand Master, and at the time of his funeral the members of that fraternity in AA'alla ^^'alla testified their esteem and regard by chartering a special train and attending en masse. All the papers of the state with one accord bore testimony to his exalted character, splendid al)ilities and great service, and the memorial tribute of love, prepared by Waitsburg Chapter, No. g.Order of the Eastern Star, so admirably indites the regard and esteem in which the deceased was held not alone by the members of that order but by the entire community that we cannot refrain from reproducing it in full. It reads as follows: "Any attempt to express the very high esteem in which Brother Piatt A. Preston was held by the members of this chapter or the consequent sorrow because of his death can only ])rove futile. The official position he has held among us, while it is an intimation of our regard, fails to voice our love for him as a brother, companion and fellow-laborer in carrying forward the benevolent and fraternal puqioses of our beloved order. He has been with us fmni the beginning and has shared all our labors, has borne with us our sorrows and participated in our joys and pleasures. But yesterday he was with us. and suddenlv, liefnre we can fullv realize it, he has taken his silent and final departiu'c. We can onlv huld him in our fond remembrance, only recall the pleasant hours of social intercourse enjoyed while he was with us and hope for a happy reunion bye and bye when partings never come to sadden the heart and l)ediin the eye. Brother Preston was a man of many excellent (jualities. He was a well poised man, one wdio was not spoileil bjr positions of honor, trust or emolument. He never forgot that he himself was huifian and tliat others were entitled to the same rights as he. This made him companioiialili;, ni.ido him friends, and it is with no little pride we say with confidence that notwithstanding his longresidence in this community, though it was one of actix'ity in business of various kinds and in political life, yet his friends were legion, while no man called him 'enemy.' \o staiti ever rested upon his character. We cainiot say more, for words are weak. Human speech cannot be formed to ad.^quately express the heart's deep emotions at the loss of a trusted and beloved friend such as Brother Preston to each and every one of us. His memorv isenshrined in our hearts and while we cherish that memory, let us stri\-e to emulate his many \irtues and bow^ in humble submission to 'Him who doeth all things well.' We can only tend oin- heartfelt sympathy to the bereaved children and relatixcs. commending them to God and His promises in their great sorrow. Dear Brother, farewell !"

THOMAS COPELAND, a farmer residing six miles southeast of Walla AValla, was born in the state of Oregon in 1S61. He was, however, reared in Walla Walla county, whither his parents brought him in .\prilj.

1863. He acquired a public-school education, then went to work on the parental farm. On attaining his majority he rented a portion of his father's land and engaged in agricultural pursuits on his own account. In 1887 he bought a two-hundred-and-forty-acre tract wliich formed the nucleus for his present mag-, nihcent ranch of twelve hundred' acres, the remaining nine hundred and sixty being acquired b)- pre-emption and purchase. He has line, wall-bred horses, cattle and hogs, and excellent improvements, in fact everything about his premises bears eloquent testimony to his thrift and energ)-. On his place is a water plant costing upwards of one thousand dollars, and one of the finest barns in the county. His principal production, as is the case with most of \ht other large farmers of that section of the Inland Empire, is wheat.

In addition to his real estate holdings, Mr. Copeland has some quite valuable mining interests, and he is also the owner of stock in the Warehouse & Elevator Company at Walla \\'al]a. He has held a few local offices, among them those of road overseer and school trustee. Fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, into which order he was initiated about twelve years ago. In this county, in 18S9, he married Miss Minnie Harman, a member of an old and respected pioneer family, and a native of Xew York state. They have three children, namely, Ralph, Clara and Martha.

at his handicraft as a journeyman for several years. In 1862, however, he came to Xew York, opened a shop of his own and started to build up a business. He was there for several years, but finally tiring of the line in which he was engaged, he removed to Iowa and turned his attention to farming.

After pursuing that industry there for three years, Mr. Harmen came to Walla Walla, arriving in October, 1873. He bought a place south of the city, not far from the fort, . and on this he lived and farmed until, on July 17, 1892, he was called to depart this life. He had been an industrious, thrifty and frugal man, and left his family in good circumstances. Mr. Harmen was married in \'olgest, Germary,-, in November, 1S59, to ^liss Caroline Moll, a native of that country, and their union was blest by the advent of five children, Charles and William, with their mother on the farm, George and Frank, residents of the valley, and Minnie, now Mrs. Thomas Copeland. Mr. Harmen was a member of the German Lutiieran church, and his widow also belongs to that denomination.

CHARLES T. HARMEX, deceased, a pioneer of 1873, was bom in Berlin, Germany, April 19, 1828. He was educated in the pubhe schools of his native land, and learned the 'trade of a wagon maker there, also worked

JOSEPH ^IcE\'OY, a farmer on the Old Dalles road, four miles southwest of Walla Walla, a pioneer of 1856. was born in county Kilkenny, Ireland, on May 26, 1832. He passed the first eighteen years of his life in his native land, receiving his educational training in a private school, but in 1850 he sailed for X'ew York. He remained in that city five months, then enlisted in the United States army for general ser\ice. He was soon transferred to Company E. First Regiment Mounted Rifles, and sent west. He served with that branch of the armv for two and a halt years on the plains of Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming, but in 1854 was transferred to Company E, First Regiment Dragoons. He participated in the Rogue river war. in the Yakima war, and in 1856, while i>n his way to take station at Fort \\'alla Walla, had a hard fight with Lidians on the Umatilla river, where his company was surrounded after rescuing Governor Stevens and escort, who had been previously surrounded on Russell creek.

Some time before this, also, Mr. McE\-oy was with Captain Gunnison, of the engineer corps, on a surveying expedition in Utah. He, with the remainder of the escort except eight men, was ordered to proceed further up the Survey river, where they were then working, the captain instructing them to search out a good camping place, and await his arrival a few days later. The next morning one of the men who had remained behind came into camp bringing the melancholy news that the captain and the other seven men had been massacred by Lidians.

At the expiration of his term of service, Mr. McEvoy hired out to the quartermaster of Fort Walla Walla to herd government cattle. He was thus employed two years and for three years thereafter he was in charge of the quartermaster's stables. He then took a homestead of eighty acres and a pre-emption of the same proportions adjoining, the land for which he had expressed a desire when he first marched into Walla Walla. He still owns and works this land, raising a variety of farm products, and exhibiting the same courage and fortitude in his battle with opposing forces which characterized him while battling with the red men on the plain. He affiliates with the Lidian War Veterans.

Benn, a native of county Limerick, Lxland, and a pioneer of the coast of 1858. They had nine children, one of whom is deceased. Of the eight living children, two daughters are residing with their husbands in this valley, two sons, Patrick A. and Charles H. (the former of whom was the first white child born in this county, the date being March 13, i860), are married and residing in Nevada and Farmington, Washington, respectively, and three sons and one daughter are at home with their father. Mrs. McEvoy died in Walla Walla on May 26, 189S, after a residence of forty years in the valley. She lies buried in the Valley Chapel cemetery,' beside her son.

JOHN F. ABBOTT, deceased, a pioneer of 1859, belonged to that class of men whom adventurous spirits and love of nature in its wildness and variety have kept constantly in the forefront of civilization's march. He was born in New York, March 25, 1823, and there . he spent the first thirteen years of his life. He then started to make his own way in the world, and sought his fortunes in various states, finally settling in W'isconsin, where he had his initial experience in the stage-line business.

In 1849 Mr- Abbott crossed the plains to California, where he at once engaged in mining, following that occupation for two years. He subsequently came to Laf ayette,Oregon, and established a stage-line between that town and Portland, and also another between Jacksonville and Sterlingville. hi 1859 he removed to W'alla Walla, only to resume staging on a route extending from that town to W^allula. He also became interested in a li\'erv business, ;nid with Thomas & Ruckle in the herculean task of establishing a stage line from

Walla Walla over the Blue mountains to Boise, Idaho. He busied himself in connection with this route until 1873, when he sold out his interests, purchased land and turned his attention to farming.

In this new calling ^Ir. Abbott seems to liave been very successful, for at the time of his death he had large real estate holdings in the county. He was a public-spirited, progressix'e man, ever ready to contribute liberally of his means to any deserving enterprise, and when he died on ]\Iarch 14, 1896, the city and county of Walla W'alla sustained a great loss. Fraternally, he was a prominent Odd Fellow. While in Oregon he married Susan Creighton (iicc Snyder), a native of Ohio, the widow of N. M. Creighton, and to them were born three children, John H., a farmer; Belle, wife of Dr. JManzey, of Spokane; and Anna, wife of Major W. H. ]\Iiller, formerly chief quartermaster in Cuba, now stationed at Boston, Massachusetts.

Jdhn H. .\l)bott, the oldest son, whose connection with \\'alla Walla dates back to i860, was born in Lafayette, Oregon, March 5, 1854. He received his education in the pulilic schools of Walla Walla, in Whitman College and in the Bishop Scott's grammar school of Portland. For many years he was his father's manager, but he has since engaged in farming, becoming one of the extensi\e tillers of the soil of the county. At present he is the owner of al)0ut one thousand acres in this vicinity, besides a stock ranch on Snake river and some town property. Like his father, he affiliates with the I. O. O. F. He was married in Walla Walla, March 16, 1884, to Miss Josephine V. Wiseman, a native of Idaho, and a pioneer of 1858. They have four children living, namely: Byra, \'erna. Emily, and Susan, also two deceased, Annabel and Lisle.

DR. X. G. BLALOCK, physician and surgeon, is a native of North Carolina, liorn in 1836. He received his primary education there and studied in the Tusculum College for two years. He also began the study of medicine in that state, but completed his professional training in Jefferson ^ledical College, from which he graduated in March, 1861. The next year he entered the army as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifteenth Illinois Volunteers, remaining with his regiment until 1863, when he was compelled to resign on account of ill health. For the ensuing twelve years he practiced medicine near Decatur, Illinois, but at length he decided to try his fortunes ir the west, and accordingly set out with teams to Walla W^alla.

Upon his arrival Dr. Blalock at once resumed his practice, and he has given a share of his attentiin to that ever since, though he lias also been quite extensively interested in farming. He was the first to raise wheat in the foot hills of the Blue mountains, producing crops which would seem almost fabulous to those unfamiliar with the fertility of the soil of that region. One thousaml acres in a square yielded, under his skillful husbandry, fifty-one thousand bushels of wdieat. At present he is an extensive fruit-raiser, owning what is now known as the Blalock fruit farm, two miles west of \\'alla Walla, upon which are sixty thousand fruit trees. He also has the title to an island in the Columbia river, containing four thousand acres, which he is now developing into an immense fruit and alfalfa farm.

Despite the demands of his medical practice and the cares of his extensive real estate holdirgs. Dr. Blalock has always found time to perform well and faithfully his duties as a citizen. He rendered efficient service in 1889 as a member of the Conslilutiniial convention; for several years he was mayor of Walla Walla, and in many other ways he has taken his place as a leader in the political affairs of city, coimty and state. He stands high in his profession, and belongs to the United States, county and state medical associations. He was married in North Carolina, in 1858, to Miss Panthea A. Durham, who died in 1864, leaving two children, one of whom. Dr. Y. C. Blalock, still survives and is a practicing physician in Walla ^^'alla. Li 1865 the Doctor married again, the laily being Marie E. Greenfield, and ])\- this union he has two daughters.

JOHN D. LAMB, a farmer residing at 304 East Sumach street, Walla Walla, is a native of this county, born March 8, 1861. He has passed his entire lifetime thus far in the valley, receiving his education in the local public schools. On arriving at years of maturity he entered the hardware and furniture business in this city, but in 1893 he sold out and invested in a six-hundred-and-forty-acre farm on Eureka Flat. He has farmed this ever since, though his residence is in the city. He also owns considerable garden land in the vicinity of Walla Walla, and' has, in addition to his elegant home, considerable city real estate of value.

Mr. Lamb is a man of unusual ability, as is evinced by the fact that he has been remarkably successful, both as a business man and a farmer, while others with opportunities as good or better have failed. He is quite prominent in political circles, and may well be ranked as one of the leaders of the local Democracy. He served two years on the city council, and in the current year, 1900, was tlie nominee of his party for the responsible office of police judge. Mr. Laiub was married in Walla Walla, July 2, 1887, to Miss Alice Morrison, also a native of this county, born November i, 1864. Mrs. Lamb's father, John Morrison, was a native of Michigan, but came ti > Walla Walla in very early days. He died in b'ebruary, 1866, and his remains lie buried in the city cemetery. Her mother is now Mrs. E. G. Riffle.

CARRICK H. BARNETT, a pioneer of Walla Walla of 1877, was born at Athens, Tennessee, July 17, 1836. When quite young he was taken by his parents to Wright county, Missouri, where his motlier died and where he resided until twelve years old. The father, who was for four years sheriff of the county, died before completing his second term, and our subject removed to Dallas county, to the home of his uncle, Mr. Frederick Hale. He remained with that gentleman until seventeen, working on the farm and receiving such education as was obtainable in a frontier public school.

Mr. Barnett, in 1854, crossed the plains, having been employed to drive a band of four hundred head of cattle to Marysville, California. He made the trip in four months. That ta.sk accomplished, he went to Napa valley, where he worked on a wheat farm for ten months. He then rode on mule back to Oakland, Douglas county, Oregon, and secured from the well-known Dr. Dorsey S. Baker a job of freighting from that town to the southern Oregon mines. He soon became a third owner in the teams and equipments.

tain William Chapman, who organized a company of his own. In 1858, he. in company with other parties, bought a flour mill from Dr. Baker, and he was engaged in the dual occupation of milling and farming until about 1862, when he sold his interest and gave his exclusive attention to agriculture and stock raising. In 1S77, lie came to the Walla Walla valley, bought two hundred and forty acres of land on Russell creek, and again engaged in farming. Being an ambitious man and possessed of those qualities which insure success in farming or almost any other business, he naturally increased his realty holdings from time to time, until he became the owner of nearly one thousand acres. This mammoth farm he and his sons are now cultivating for wheat and barley, raising large crops annually.

Mr. Burnett made his home on the farm until 1S90, Init since that year he has been living on a fine tract of city land comprising about four lots, upon which he erected a convenient and elegantly furnished modern home. He and Mrs. Barnett both belong to the 'M. E. church of A\'alla \\'alla. Mr. Barnett was married first in Oakland, Oregon, in October, 1858, to Miss Sarah E. Reed, who died in that town March 13. 1870, leaving four children: William II., Walter S., now on the farm, Ida, deceased, antl George E., a dentist in Walla Walla. On May 25, 1873, Barnett married Mrs. Sarah E. Brown, a native of Illinois, who is also one of our early settlers, having come to Walla Walla valley in June, 1871.

for nearly half a centur_\-. He was l)orn in New York, September 12, 1825. When thirteen years old, he came with his father to Lancaster, \\'isconsin, and there he resided until 1852. In that year he set out with ox-teams on the long journey across the plains, landing in Portland, Oregon, October 6, after a six months' trip. His first undertaking in the new country was the establishment of a ferry about eleven miles south of Portland, on the Tualatin ri\-er. This he operated imtil 1863, in which year a toll liridge was built l\v him at a cost of four thousand dollars.

In 1874 Mr. Taylor became proprietor of a hotel at .Amity. Yam Hill county, but this he disposed of in 1876, to come to Walla Walla, where he has since resided. Upon his an-i\al here, he engaged in selling farm machinery for the Hawley-Dodd Company. He remained with tlicm nearly tliree years, then with Paine Bros, three years, and then with William Jones for fourteen months. In 18S2 he was elected justice of the peace and police judge of the citv. which offices he retained for the ensuing twelve years. For the three years prior to 1899. he maintained a gents' furnishing store in Walla Walla, but since that date he has been enjoying a well earned retirement.

Judge Taylor has long been act;\'e in the councils and campaigns of the Republican party, and to him belongs the honor of having been the first Reiniblican elected to the legislatin^e from \\'alla Walla county. He was also elected a member of the city council in 1878. and. being reelected the next year, served two terms. He is a man of probity, independence, and force of character, and well fitted to occupy a position of prominence among his fellow men. For forty years he has been an active and esteemed member of the Masonic fraternity. He was married in Lancaster, Wisconsin, October 25. 1S46, to INliss Sarah ^IcKinzie, a native of Kentucky, and to their union have been born six children, namely: Lucetta, now ilrs. S. C. Kelley ; Frank ; Annie, deceased ; Ella, now ilrs. R. F. Mead, a banker in Spokane; Jennie, wife of Daniel \\'ann, and John E., a traveling salesman for a Seattle firm. Mrs. Taylor was born June II, 1825, in West Liberty, Morgan county, Kentucky, ^^'hile a small girl she left her native state with her parents and removed to Lancaster, Wisconsin, where she was educated in the common schools (the only available schools at the time). There she met and married ]Mr. Taylor, with whom she removed to this country. She has been his life partner fiftyfour years, sharing with him all his trials and hardships and enjoying with him his successes.

J. J. ROHX, one of the thrifty farmers and pioneers of the county, residing nine miles east of \\^alla \\'alla, was born in Baden, Germany, in 1835. He was left an orphan when ten years old; but was cared for and educated by his tmcle. \Mien seventeen years old, he emigrated to the United States, realizing that the opportunities for a young man of energy and ability were far superior here to those offered in the old world. He worked at his trade, wood gilding, in Xew York for a while, and then spent ten months in Baltimore, in the same occupation, subsequently enlisting in the United States armv as a member of the First Dragoons. He was sent to California at once, and before long found himself engaged in Indian warfare. During the five years of his army life he was almost constantly in confiict with the red men, not only

Upon receiving his discharge at \'ancouver ir i860, Mr. Rohn proceeded direct to Walla \\'alla county, took up a claim of one hundred and sixty acres on Mill creek, invested five hundred dollars, which frugal living had enabled him to save out of his soldier's pay, in stock, and engaged in the business of cattle raising. He was unfortunate at first, and lost heavily, but, with commendable perseverance, moved further down the creek, purchased more land, and started again. He has prospered ever since, adding to his real estate holdings from time to time until he is now the owner of four hundred and seven acres, highly improved and most of it in an excellent state of cultivation.

Our subject is entirely a self made man. Starting in a new land, without even a knowledge of our language, he has, by his own unaided efforts, wrought his way to a competencv. and to a rank among the leading farmers of the county. Few men enjoy a greater degree of the esteem and good will of their neighbors, than does ^^Ir. Rohn. He married, in 1866, ^liss Sarah E. Sanders, a most estimable lady, who unfortunately died in 1872. She left four children; Katie, wife of Thomas Bryant; Maline, now ]\Irs. Harry Gilkerson ;Fred. now living on his father's old homestead on Mill creek ; and Sarah J., who died in 1874.

HOX. JAMES yi. DEWAR, deceased, was a nati\e of Scotland, born February 12, 1824, in the county of Perth, near the ancient castle of Doune. His parents were farmers on the northern slope of the Grampian hills, and he was cradled among the scenes of Scottish legend, and passed his early years by the banks of the waters of the l)eaiuiful ri\er Teitli, which is fed by the pure waters of Lakes Catherine and \'ennacher, wliere Fitz James, tlie Scottish king, first met his "Lady of the Lake." A'ot less adventurous by nature than the storied lieroes of Scottish romance. Mr. Dewar early conceived the desire to look beyond the scenes of his native hills, and to have a part in the struggles of the new country to emerge from barbarism to civilization. This desire grew in intensity witii the advent of manhood until, in 1853. it forced him from the home roof and across the ocean to America.

For tile five years following the date of his arriwil. Mr. Dewar traveled over the northern states of the American union, and in 1S5S we find him on the Pacific coast. While sojourning at Champoeg, on the Willamette river, he met a relative of his named .Archibald Mc- Kinlay, the man who is so well known to all the pioneers of the nortliwest as a fearless leader of trapjiing expeditions, and a valued employe of the Hudson's Bay Company. Mr. iMcKinlay advised his young relative to seek his fortunes in tlie Walla Walla valley, pointing out to him the many advantages and bright prospects for a grand future which that region possessed, but at the same time warning him that he could not enter the valley without for a time at least risking his scalp. But the man who had in his veins the blood of Bruce and and whose ideas of manly courage had been developed by reading of the stirring deeds of his warlike ancestors, was not to be deterred by any possible danger from Indians, so on the 4th of January, 1859, he entered the valley which was his home until March 27, 189J. when death called him. as we believe, to a higher sphere of usefulness.

surroundings of this primitive dwelling place had taken his fancy, and he had purchased it with the land claim on which it was built, paying the original owner fifty dollars for the whole. During the first years of his occupancy, he did not intend to make it his permanent home, but rather a temporary base of operations, his business being to raise large herds of cattle and horses for the Pacific coast market. As time went by, however, he grew to like the locality, and as the country was settled up and his range began to narrow, he sold oflf his surplus stock, turning his attention to agricultural pursuits. His farm originally comprised three hundred and twenty acres, but it was afterwards increased by the purchase of one hundred and se\-enty-four acres more near by. .-Ml of this land has been enclosed by fence and brought to a high state of cultivation, and, as may be supposed, the log cabin has long since given place to a cosy and comfortable modern home. The oldest orchard in the county, with one exception, is upon this farm. Although never an ardent partisan. ^Mr. Dewar always took such interest in political matters as becomes a good citizen, and he was more than once called upon to perform the duties of very important offices. In 1878 he was elected by the Republican party to a seat in the territorial legislature, and while there became the author of the celebrated railway freight bill which bore his name. He was again elected to represent the county in 1882, and yet again in 1888, but did not serve the last time as that legislature never met owing to tiie fact that in 1889 the territory was admitted to statehood. He also served as a delegate to the convention which nominated candidates for membership in the body to which the drafting of our state constitution was entrusted. In all his public services he proved true to those who had reposeil confidence in him. discharging his every duty luniestly and with an eve single to the general benefit, and earning for himself an honored place among the builders of the state.

^Ir. Dewar was marriei.1 in Walla Walla januarv 27, 1864, the lady (jf his choice being Miss ]\Iargaret jMcRae, who still survives, and who is fortunate in being the recipient of the esteem and respect of all. Seven children were born of this union, three of whom, Alexander, Elida and Gorden M., are living, but the remaining four, John, James 'SI.. Elizabeth and David, have passed away, the last two having died of diphtheria on the same day. In religious persuasion, the family are Presbyterians.

JOHN A. DAXTS. a farmer residing about eight miles southeast of Walla Walla, a pioneer of 1863, is a native of Owen county, Indiana, born in 1839. The first nine years of his life were passed in the state of his nativity, but in 1848 the family moved to southern Iowa, and there Air. Davis completed his education. He worked on the paternal farm until twenty years old, then engaged in that occupation on his own behalf. In 1863, he started with o-x-teams on the long and dangerous trip across the plains, and on the 4th of September of that year he arrived iu Walla Walla. He experienced several Indian scares, but had no trouble with the red men.

Air. Davis worked for wages here for a while at first, but in 1864 homesteaded a place nine miles east of Walla Walla, and began farming. He resided on this quarter section continuously until 1882, then sold out and imrchased a tract of six hundred acres eight miles southeast of the citv, on Cottonwood creek. This he farmed until about four years ago, but of late years he has been letting it out to renters. For many years he was an extensive producer of wheat and barley, and handled large numbers of stock every season, but he is now retired to his magnificent rural home to enjoy a well-earned rest. He has in addition to his real estate an interest in the Davis Kaser Furniture Company.

For many years I\Ir. Davis was a very efficient force in the industrial development of this country, and he has certainly dene his share towards redeeming the primeval, wild and unsubdued \\'alla Walla valley, and making it a fit dwelling place for civilized humanity. He was married in Iowa, in January, 1862, to Caroline Snoday, and the}' have become parents of twelve children, Margaret A., James W., Mary M., Laura E., Frank A.. William M., Stella, Clara, Edna, Gertrude, and Elmer, li\-ing, antl Xellie, who died in March, 1899.

JAAIES C.\TIOX, deceased, whose connection with \\'alla Walla dates back to 1886, was born in Illinois, April 7, 1863. He received a good general education and took a very thorough course in the Gem City Business College. When twenty-three years old, he was tendered a position in the Walla AA'alla Business College, and he taught in that institution a year, then, in connection with A. M. Cation and Prof. James F. Stubblefield, 'founded the Empire Business College, in which he was instructor in bookkeeping until about 1889. He then became bookkeeper and afterwards paying teller in the Baker-Boyer bank, with which he was connected until, in 1S94, he was compelled by failing health to resign.

He afterwards audited the books of the city as an expert, but his health continued poorly, and on March 14, 189S. while trying the effect of a more southerly climate, he died in Phcenix, Arizona. His remains were sent back to Walla \\'alla, and lie buried in the city cemetery.

Mr. Cation was a man of integrity and worth, highly esteemed by those with whom he came in contact, and his untimely demise was a cause of deep regret to hosts of friends and acquaintances. On April 22, 1891, in the city of Walla Walla, he married ^Miss Cora Lamb, a native of this city, daughter of James M. and Jane Lamb, early pioneers of the county. Mr. Cation was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and his widow is identified with that denomination.

CYRUS T. XELSOX. - Among those who are devoting their attention to the great basic art of agriculture in Walla \\'alla county is the gentleman whose name initiates this paragraph, his fine farm being located six miles north of the city of Walla \\'alla and the same being under excellent cultivation. As one of the representative agriculturists of the county, it is but consistent that we accord in this work a review of the life of Mr. Nelson.

Bom in the year 1839, our subject is a native of Ohio, and he continued to make his liome in the old Buckeye state until he had attained the age of twenty years, receiving his educational training in the public schools and early becoming familiar with the practical duties of life, in which connection it may be said that he was engaged in work on the farm and in a saw mill. Having determined to trv his fortunes in the New Eldorado, Mr. Nelson left his old home in the year 1859 and came to California by way of the isthmus of Panama. L'pon arriving in the Golden state he made his way into the mining districts, where he continued operations until November, 1861, when he made his way to Walla Walla and thence proceeded on a prospecting trip in Idaho, from Florence City as headquarters. In June, 1862, he went to the Oro Fino mining district, where he was engaged until 1879, having in the meantime passed the winters in Walla \\'alla, which he looked upon as his home, he having purchased land in the vicinity as early as 1870 and having rented the same until 1879, which year stands as the date of his permanent location in Walla Walla county. His ranch is located on Dry creek, comprises eight hundred acres and is well improved and under a high state of cultivation, his entire attention having practically been given to its improvement since he located on the place in the year mentioned.

!Mr. Nelson raises large crops of wheat and alfalfa and also devotes considerable attention to the raising of live stock, - principally cattle and hogs. Though his farming interests are of distinct importance and value, our subject still maintains his association with the mining industry and passes the summer months in the Oro Fino mining districts, where he has a valuable quartz mine. He has recently erected a five-stamp mill, which is now ready for operation. In connection with his farming operations Mr. Nelson owns a threshing machine, which during the harvest season is in requisition throughout the farming districts contiguous to his home place. On the ranch is a fine orchard of about five acres from which an excellent yield is obtained.

when he was united to JMiss Julia Mclnroe, who became a resident of the county in 1871. Of this union seven children were born and only one of the number is deceased. Tlie names of the children, in order of birth, are as follows: Carrie L., George U., Lawrence F., Lora A., Cyrus M., Edith Blanche (who died March 18, 1900), and Ruth. The family enjoy a distinct popularity in the community and represent the sterling element which enters into the makeup of the population of the favored county of Walla Walla.

NEWTON ALDRICH, deceased, a pioneer of 1858, was born in New York state, June 28, 1833. When quite young he was taken by his parents to Michigan, where he received his public school training and where he lived until about nineteen years old. He then came out to California, via the isthmus, and engaged in teaming and mining. In 1858 he came to Walla Walla county with a band of stock, and before he disposed of the herd he had decided to make his home in this section. Accordingly he took a pre-emption about two miles southwest of Dixie, and settled down to the task of preparing a home for himself and family. He bought more land from time to time until he became the owner of five hundred and twenty acres in the locality of his home, and another farm two miles away. He was engaged in raising wheat and horses until the time of his death, January 26, 1888.

'\h. Aldrich was a good, substantial citizen of the county, and though he seems to have never been especially ambitious for leadership among his fellows, and never accepted any public office, he was, nevertheless, well thought of and highly respected in the community in which he lived. He was married in this county, November 16, 1865, to Aliss Annie Shoemaker, who still lives on the original home place. They had three .children, Minnie Serepta, Ida Estella, who died June 30, 1869, and Clara Etta.

HIRAM NELSON, a farmer, was born in. Stark county, Ohio, in 1836. He was reared on a farm in his native state, acquiring his education in the local public school. When nineteen he went to work on the railroad. The next year, however, he went to California, via the isthmus, and for the four years following the date of his arrival he was engaged in mining. In 1861 he came to what is now known as Pierce City, Idaho, where he and his brother followed the business of putting in ditches until 1865.

Mr. Nelson then purchased a farm where he now resides, about six miles north of the city of Walla Walla, and settled down tO' the life of a farmer. As a result of his. labors, he is now the owner of a fine eighthundred-acre ranch, supplied with good buildings and all manner of farming implements. He produces splendid crops of wheat, alfalfa, timothy and fruit, also raises and Jiandles a great many hogs each season, and a number of cattle and horses. He is a very industrious,. energetic, progressive man, and deserves a place among the leading farmers of the county. He is, moreover, a public-spirited man, ever ready to do what he can for the promotion of the general welfare, and he has at different times served as road overseer and school director. In Walla Walla, on March 4, 1866,. our subject married Miss Sarah Ann Mclnroe, a native of New York state, and to them have been born five children : William T. ; Addie,.

Mr. Xelson has been interested to a greater or less extent in mining ever since his arrival in California and at present is the owner of some properties in the Oro Fino region.

JAMES S. KERSHAW, a pioneer of 1861, is a native of England, born July 5, 1836. His father died when he was quite young. and in 1841 his mother brought him to America. They lived a while in Pennsylvania, then on the Hudson river and finally in Rhode Island, where Mr. Kershaw completed his education and entered man's estate. In July. 1856, they went to Illinois, where, for the ensuing five years, Mr. Kershaw worked as a -carpenter and builder. But in the spring of 1 86 1 he crossed the plains with ox-teams to \\'alla Walla valley and located on the site of the present town of Dixie. A couple of years later he took a homestead just east of the town and upon this he has been farming and raising cattle ever since. He increased his real estate holdingfs by purcliase from time to time, until he now has a farm of four hundred acres. A thrifty, industrious man, he has made for himself an excellent home, highly improved, and supplied with almost everjthing which has a tendency to render rural life pleasant and comfortable. As a man and citizen his standing in the community is of the highest, and he enjoys an abundant measure of the good will and esteem of his neighbors.

In Dixie, December 8, 1875, Mr. Kershaw married Mary A. Cook, a native of England, and to their union have been born two children ; Bessie, now Mrs. Ernest Cantonwine ; and Arthur C. recentlv married.

ROBERT E. BAUER. - This respected pioneer was born and reared in La Belle France, receiving a good common school education. With the advent of manliood came also the desire to try his fortune in the newworld, and in 1870 he emigrated to Walla Walla, where he found employment with his brother, who had come to this city as a soldier in 1856. He worked in the latter"s wholesale and retail tobacco house until 1S90, except for about three months of the year 1873, during which time he maintained a barber shop of his own at Baker City, Oregon. His brother died in 1890. For the past few years our subject has been living in comparative retirement, though he has been frequently called upon to serve as court bailiff. He is a public-spirited man. always solicitous for what he conceives to be the best interests of the city and county and quite active in politics.

:MILT0X E\"AXS, of Walla Walla, a pioneer of August 31, 1S61, is a native of Pike county, Ohio, bom November 9. 1833. He was reared on a farm in Scioto county, receiving only a '"log cabin" education. On arriving at the age of twenty-six, he went to Fremont county, Iowa, where he farmed a year, but in 1 861 he set out across the plains with a mixed team, consisting of cows and oxen. Arriving in the ^^'alla Walla valley in the fall of 1 86 1, he forthwith engaged in farming, renting land for the purpose at first, but afterwards purchasing four hundred acres, to which he later added another tract of two hundred acres.

moved into Walla Walla, locating on a threeacre garden spot within the city limits. During the past fifteen years Mr. Evans has devoted a considcrahle portion of his time to introducing antl experimenting with different varieties of ornamental and forage grasses, liis purpose being to encourage the beautifyinsr of farms and to render diversified farming pleasant and prufitable, by finding a species of grass which will do well on lands of which little use can Ije made at present except for wheat raising.

Mr. Evans remained on the garden spot abo\-e mentioned until 1889, when he moved to his present comfortable home at 216 S. First street. He is the owner of two hundred and fifty-five acres of land in this county, besides real estate in Seattle and Ballard, and stock in the Farmer's Savings bank of this city.

j\lr. Evans has been a \aluable man to this county in many ways, but his greatest service consisted in what he has accomplished f(.ir the reduction of freight rates. To effect an equitable reduction in transportation charges he has exerted herculean eft'urts, both in the courts and in the legislature. As a result of a two-years legal battle with the O. R. & N., he succeeded in reducing their charges for transporting Avheat six and one-half cents per bushel, thereby putting millions into the pockets of the farmers. He attended the legislature during the session of 1896-97 and personally interviewed each member of that body on the freight rate question, thereby securing material reductions on farm products shipped from this section. Mr. Evans has also filled many important local offices, among them that of justice of the peace, school clerk, county commissioner, and city councilman. He is a prominent member of the Masonic order, having joined Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, as early as 1870. Religiously, he was reared a Methodist, but for many years past he has affiliated with the Cumljerland Presbyterian church. He is very liberal in his theological views, as he is in jjolitics and everything else.

In this county, in June, 1871, Mr. Evans married Aliss Alice Branian, a natixe of Massachusetts, and a daughter of Palmer and Julia Braman, pioneers of their section of this slate. To the gentle influence and ever kindly sympathy of Mrs. Evans he attriluites whatever success he has made of his life, and advises all young men to select a good and noble woman and marry. Mr. and Mrs. Evans are both passionately fond of music and dancing, and in a social way are ever surrounded by a coterie of congenial spirits, young and old, and are thus passing the afternoon of their lives in a manner delightful to themselves and their friends.

CHARLES McLNROE, a farmer residing six miles north of Walla Walla, was born in Steuben county, New York, and there the first nine years of his life were passed. In 1855, however, he went with the remainder of the family to northern Wisconsin, where he grew to manhood and completed his education. His father was a farmer, but Mr. Mclnroe early engaged in logging, lumbering, river-driving, etc., an occupation which he followed until, in 1879, he started for the west. He came to Walla Walla, via San Francisco, and for the first three years after his arrival here he worked as a laboring man. At length, he managed to accumulate enough to luiv a small farm. To this he has added from time to time until he is now the owner of a full section, all well improved and brought to a high state of cultivation. He produces wheat and barley principally, but also handles quite a large number of cattle and horses. He deserves an honored place among those who. by intlustry and toil, have worked their way to positions of comfort and respectability in their communities, and who. in working out their own destinies, have also contributed no small amount to the general progress. For a long time he has held the offices of road overseer and school director. In fraternal connections, he is identified with the I. O. O. F.. the K. P. and the Elks.

PATRICK Rl'SSELL. a farmer four miles north of Walla Walla, was bom in Ireland in 1849. He acquired his education in a national school in his fatherland, receiving a degree at the conclusion of his course. When twenty -tone years of age he emigTated to \\"alla Walla, coming via San Francisco. From the date of his arrival until 1S80 he was employed as a teacher in the various public schools of the countv. but in that year he purchased land and l^egan farming. He kept increasing his real estate holdings from time to time until in 1894 he had sixteen hundred acres. Since then he has been disposing of his lands, until his farm is now reviuced to six hundred and forty acres. He raises wheat as his principal crop, but also produces the other cereals in

Mr. Russell takes an active interest in political matters, and is quite a leader in his party. He was chairman of the Walla \\'alla county delegation to the state Democratic convention of 1900. Fraternally he is identified with the Catholic Knights of America. In May, 1S83, in the city of Walla Walla, Mr. Russell was united in marriage with Miss Mary Ann Poiriora. a native of Umatilla county, Oregon, and their union has been blessed by the advent of nine children : Mary E.. Catherine. Annie. Francis J.. Gertrude, William P.. Agnes and James E., living; and Margaret, deceased.

WILLIAM P. STURGIS, a pioneer of 1871, was born in Gorham, Maine, on September 4, 1818, and in that town he grew up and was educated. His father died in 1826, and he, like the rest of the family, had to begin life's battle young, ^^"hen fifteen years old, he engaged in general trading, and from that he later went into the real estate business, which he followed continuously for the ensuing thirtyseven years. But in 1870 he set out for the Walla Walla valley, and upon his arrival he formeel a partnership with A. S. Le Grow for the purpose of eng-aging in the sheep business on Wild Horse creek, about twenty miles south of Walla Walla, where they purchased a quarter-section of land. They afterwards moved to the vld Hudson's Bay trading post, about twelve miles south of the city.

Mr. Sturgis was in this industry for twenty-three years, but when the tariff was removed during Cleveland's administration, the profits of the business were so materially reduced that he decided to try something else. Accordingly,

Mr. Stnrgis has always been a very efficient force in the development and up-building of the city and county, subscribing liberally to all worthy charitable organizations and educational projects. But he is not ambitious politically, and never has accepted any office, though frequently urged to do so. In January, 184 J, he married Miss Susan 'SL Creassy. a native of Maine, and a schoolmate of his. They had two children : Helen, afterwards Mrs. A. S. Le Grow, deceased: and Samuel P., who died in Pendleton, where he was serving as cashier of the first bank ever opened in the city. He was a very prominent ^lason.

It may be of interest to record that ^Ir. Sturgis' birthplace, Gorham, was named after his grandmother's brother, Capt. John Gorham. Mr. and ]\Irs. Sturgis adhere to the Congregational church of Walla ^^'alla.

DALE PRESTOX. of the Preston Grocery Company, of \\'alla Walla, is a native of this county, born December 15, 1879. He has always resided in the valley, acquiring his education in the public schools, Waitsburg Academy and ^^"hitman College. Shortly after completing his studies he entered into partnership with his brother, Herbert, for the purpose of opening a grocery store in \\'alla ^^'alla, and they have been in business together since April 6, 1900.

The brother, Mr. Herbert Preston, is also a native of the county, born December 21, 1876. His early life was much the same as was Dale's, except that he completed his education in Bisliop Scott's Academy, of Portland, Oregon. He was ^vith the Schwabacher Company for a few years after leaving the Academy, and went from their employ directly into the grocerybusiness in which we now find him. ' The brothers are sharp, quick and tlecisive young men, thoroughly business like, and their success in commercial life seems in no sense problematical. Herbert Preston was married in this county in 1894 to ]\Iiss Josephine Corliss. In fraternal affiliations, he is identified with the A. O. U. W.

SA^IUEL R. MAXSOX, retired farmer, a pioneer of 1S59. was born in Rock county, Wisconsin. January 7. 1843. He attended school there until fifteen years old, then accompanied his parents to Omaha, Nebraska, where he li\ed for two years, attending school and farming. In the spring of 1859 he and the rest of the family crossed the plains with oxteams intending to go to Pike's Peak, Colorado, but learning that the gold excitement was groundless, they changed their course a little, and came on over the old Platte river trail to \\'alla A\'alla valley.

The family settled on a pre-emption, but, though he made his home with his parents for the first four years. Mr. Maxson engaged in freighting from the Columbia river to all inland points, using o.x-teams. He afterwards purcliased a quarter section of land and became a tiller of the soil, continuing in that occupation constantly until 189S. In that year, however, he came into town, intending to retire, but he still retains his farm which consists at present of two hundred and thirty-five acres on Russell creek, six miles east of Walla Walla. It is one of the best improved farms in the neighborhood, and has on it a splendid orchard of choice fruits.

the most enterprising and industrious fanners in the county, and the general air of thrift which is perceptible about his premises goes far to convince one that this is not a mistaken estimate. He has borne his share of the public burdens at all times, serving as road overseer for three years and as school director four tenns. He married, in this county, in July. 1S64. Miss Man," Elizabeth Paul, a native of Iowa, and their union has been blessed by the advent of ten children : Luellen, now Mrs. D. G. Ferguson; Charles: Alice: May, now Mrs. Glen Harris : Stephen : Myrtle ; Walter : Ralph, all living in the county; also Benjamin and Sainuel. deceased. Mr. Maxson affiliates with Loilge Xo. 4. A. O. U. W.. of Walla Walla, and the entire family are me:iibers of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Maxson's father, Stephen, died in Walla Walla in September, 1879, and his mother, Lois Maria, in Spokane Falls in 1882, and botli are interred in tlie Walla Walla cemeterx".

WILLIAM S. MALLOY, one of Uie most extensive and successful wheat raisers in the county, a pioneer of 1870. was Kim in Xew Bninswick, June 17, 1S44. When nine years old he accompanied his parents to Stillwater, Mimiesota, where he completed his education and grew to manirity. In 1864 he crossed the plains to \irginia City, Montana, and engagetl in mining in that locality, and at Deer Lodge, becoming interested! in several valuable properties. Coming west in 1870, he settled in Whitman county, and engaged in the business of stock raising. In 1876, however, he moved into Walla Walla, having sold his stock and ranch in Whitman county, but, though his home was in that city, he was, for a short time, occupied chiefly in mining in L'lah.

At length Mr. Malloy again engaged in farming and the stock business, securing land for the purpose twenty-four miles northeast of Walla Walla (in Columbia coimty), where he now has a tract of about nineteen hundred acres. His residence is Xo. 70> Whitman street, Walla Walla, but he spends enough time on the fann each year to carefully supervise all operations.

Mr. Malloy does not seem to be especially ambiiious for preferment in politics, and in that respect is not a leader, but he has been a powerful factor in tlie industrial development of the county, and deservedly ranks among the progressive forces. In fraternal circles, he is also quite prominent, being identified with the F. & A. M., and the A. O. U. W.

In the city of Walla Walla in May. 1S74, our subject married Miss Mar}- P. Lyons, daughter of Daniel Lyons, a prominent pioneer, who came to California in 1854, and to Walla Walla in 1865. He was proprietor of the Lyons fern,- on Snake river until his death, which occurred in 1893. -^^^^ remains lie buried beside those of his wife, who passed away in 1879. and was interred in the Walla Walla cemetery. Both of Mr. Malloy's parents died in Stillwater. Minnesota. Mr. and Mrs. Malloy are parents of six children : William, a farmer : Ralph ; Elizabeth ; Minnie ; Thomas and Angeline.

WILLIAM YEEXD, a farmer seven miles north of Walla Walla, is a native of England, bom in 1830. He received his education in the public schools of his fatherland and in a pri\-ate academy, then engaged in farming, an occupation which he followed continuously for the ensuing eighteen years. In 1870 he emigrated to America, and before the A-ear was over he had

Incated on the place on whicli we now fmil him. He lioniesteailed eighty acres and ])urchased another one hundred and sixty acres adjoining, and to tliis nucleus he has kept adding lands obtained hy purchase fmni the railroad and from pri\'atc indisiduals, until he is now the owner of over eight hundred acres. He raises wheat as his principal crop, but devotes some attention to other farm products, especially fruit.

I\Ir. Yeend is a thrifty, enterpri.-^ing, industrious man, possessed of the courage and force of cliaracter well suited for overcoming difficulties and for winning success in any industry to which he may turn his attention. He has manifested his interest in the general welfare in every way in his power, and always shown a willingness to bear his full share of the public burdens. He has been the choice of the electors in his district both for school director and road' overseer. Mr. Yeend was married in England in 1853 to Miss Ellen Surman. Their children are William S., James Augustus, John Isaac, Surman N., Dessie M., Ellen S. and Mary Florence, living, and Roland, Arthur, Ernest, Anna Laura, Ocenia, Frank, and two unnamed, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Yeend and most of the family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

SEVERT O. SELLAND, one of the enterprising business men of Walla Walla, was born in Norway, June 10, 1852. He jiassed his early youth in his native land, receiving a public-school education, and learning the trade of a house painter, then went to sea on vessels plying between the L^nitc<l States and England. In 1877 he located at Waicca, Minnesota, where he folhjwcd his trade and farming until

1885. In that year he emigrated to Moscow, iijalii), and went t(; work as a laboring man for a while, but as soon as an opportunity offered he opened a paint shop, carrying also a line of wall paper. He soon succeeded in building up a nourishing trade, but in 1897 sold out and went back to Minnesota on a visit.

Returning shortly to the west Mr. Selland sought for a suitable location along the Pacific coast, but failing to hnd a place to his liking, he returned to Walla Walla, arriving in December, 1898, and entered the employ of INIr. Burt Owen. He worked for that gentleman continuously until (|uite recently, then bought the business, and again started on his own account. He in an energetic, decisi\c, business-like man. ever alert to anticipate and supply the wants of his customers, and he is making every effort to increase his stock and Iniild up his trade along all lines. Besides his holdings here Mr. Steiland is the owner of some very desirable property in Moscow, Idaho.

WILLIAM H. BUROKER, son of David and Sarah (Jenkins) Buroker, a farmer, a pioneer of 1864, was born in Champaign county, Ohio, in 1856. When only a few months old he was taken by his parents to Missouri, wdiere he lived for about three years. Five years were then passed in Davis county, Iowa, after which the family made the long trip across the plains to Walla Walla county, Washington.

Mr. Buroker finished his education in the public schools here, then went to the Willamette valley, where he lived on a farm for three years. Returning then to Walla Walla he took charge of a farm for his father, and he was thus emi:iloyed for several years. Subsequently he moved to Umatilla county, Oregon, took a homej^tead and pre-emption, and began farming there. After a residence of seven years in that county, he returned to Walla Walla, and purchased a farm six miles northeast of that citv, where he has lived continuously since. He is. at present, the owner of a fine tract, containing seven hundred and sixty acres, and is engaged in raising wheat and barley principally, though he also handles cattle and hogs. His place is splendidly improved, and well supplied with good buildings, fences, etc.. in fact the evidences of his thrift and energy are cvervwhere to be seen around his premises.

Mr. Buroker takes an active and intelligent interest in the public affairs of his neighborhood, ever displaying a willingness to do his full share for the promotion of the general well being. He is especially interested in the maintenance of a good public school in his district, and for the past ten years has faithfully discharged the duties of school director.

Our subject's marriage was solemnized at a place three miles east of his present residence, on Mav 14. i88j. the lady being ^liss May Gallagher, who was born on the site of the present Dayton, now in Columbia county, but at that time a part of Walla Walla county. They have four children in their family, namely, Zenna M.. Lia T.. Forest L. and ^L^rv E.

EDWARD J. WILLL-\MS. deceased, a pioneer of 1S63, was Ix^rn in Bridgeport, Connecticut, August 7. 1849. He was. when quite young, taken by his parents to Xew York, and some time later he moved with them to Chicago, where he witnessed the great fire. He received his education mostly in a private school. When sixteen vears old. he started across the plains with ox-teams to the west, and for a number of years after his arrival he was engaged in mining, packing and freighting, but he also kept a sutler's store in Walla \\'alla, and was post trader there. He was one of the substantial and respected citizens of this section and enjoyed the confidence and good will of all who knew him. In fraternal affiliations, he was a Mason. He was married in Walla Walla, in 1872. to ^liss Mary Gavan, a pioneer of Walla Walla, and a daughter of a Hudson's Bay Company employe. Mrs. Williams has four children. Ida J.. Kate H., Edward J., and Walter W. H.

XATHAXIEL B. DEXXEY. deceased, a pioneer of 1859, was bom in Delaware. February 20, 1840. He came to Illinois when thirteen years old. and a year later moved thence to Iowa, where he passed the ensuing five years and completed his education. He then crossed the plains direct to Walla \\'alla, traveling with ox- teams. He was engaged in mining at Oro Fino, Florence and other points until 1865. in which year he paid a visit to his native state.

Coming thence to Iowa, he married and settled down to the life of a farmer. He remained there nearly four years, then sold out and returned to Walla Walla county. Purchasing a farm on what is known as Whisky creek, east of Waitsburg. he started fanning and stock raising in that locality, and. except for two years spent in Iowa, followed that industry continuously until his death, which occurred September 11. 1S94. Mr. Denney was a man of energ}- and push, and contributed his full share to the material and social development of the vicinitv in which he lived.

Mrs. N. B. Denney John M. Swan

His widow, iicc Hawks, lives in a nice home in Waitsburg, and directs operations on her four-hundred-acre farm in Spring- valley. She is a very active lady and quite a leader in the social life of the town. She is prominent in the Eastern Star, the Rebekahs, and the United Artisans, also takes an active part in the work of the ]\Iethodist Episcopal church, to which she belongs. She and her husband were parents of seven children, India A., Addie E., Annie 'SI.. Clarance L., deceased, Otis L., Robert T., and ilarv E.

JOHN M. SWAN. - In the town of Greenock, in Scotland, that little country whose sons are noted for their aggressiveness and integrity the world over, the man whose name initiates this paragraph was born, the date of his advent upon the stage of this life ])eing April 17, 1823. When his school education had been completed and his eighteenth year attained he began serving an apprenticeship to the trade of ship-building, continuing in the same until twenty-three years of age and learning all the details of his handicraft with a thoroughness which is seldom found in those who learn their trades on the American continent. In the year 1843 he emigrated to the British provinces, and for two years after landing he worked as a journeyman ship-builder in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick. In the latter part of the year 1845, he embarked aboard the Athul, that he might serve that ship in the cajiacity of carpenter on a voyage from St. John, New Brunswick, to Valparaiso, Chili. While in the latter city, the ship was sold and his connection with it terminated.

shipped as carpenter on one of the British royal mail steamshii)s plying along the west coast of South America. (This was an extension of the British mail line from England to the West Indies and extending to Chagres on the isthmus of Panama.) In this employ he remained until the exciting news of the gold discovery in California became the general topic of conversation along the coast, then, on January 13, 1849, took passage at the port of Callao on a vessel bound for San Francisco. Upon his arrival he set out at once for the mines, but he was not very successful in his search for treasure. He took sick and was compelled to return to San Francisco in September. Finding that the brigantine Orbit, then in port, was going to the sound, he took passage aboard her, sailing on November 2, 1849, and after a long, tempestuous voyage, delayed by a two weeks' stay in Neah Bay at Cape Flattery, a call at Victoria, British Columbia, and a pause of a few days under the lea of Protection Island, whither they were driven by the storm, they at length gained entrance to the inner waters of Puget sound, and arrived at Fort Nisqually on the 1st of January, 1850. On the 3d the vessel reached the head of the sound, the site of the present Olympia. There was no town then, but our subject, a la pioneer, at once set to work to erect a house with a view to building one there. Thus to Mr. Swan belongs the honor of having taken the initial steps toward founding the first town e\-er laid out in the state of Washington.

All right minded men are desirous of doing something for the amelioration of conditions and the good of humanity. For this reason they band themselves into organizations of various kinds in the hope that by intelligent and well directed co-operation with others of like disposition with themselves they may the better accomplish tlie end in view. 'Slany work tlirough the churches of the various denominations, others unite themselves with fraternal organizations or with other benevolent societies. Our subject was naturally disposed to do his share for the betterment of humanity, and when, on February lo, 1857, he was initiated into Oiympia Lodge. Xo. I. L O. O. F., the first lodge ever instituted in tiie territory, tlie date of its inception being July 13. 1S55, he found that the teachings of tlie order were such as he could heartily endorse, and saw in it an efficient force for the promotion of humanity's well being. Its fundamental principle, the fatherhood of God and brotherhood of man. and its consequent aim. a universal fraternity in the family of mankind, as well as its motto, ''Friendship. Love and Truth." and its imperative mandate, to visit the sick, relieve the distressed, educate the orphan, and imbue all men with a proper conception of their capabilities for good. - these made a profound impression on the mind of Mr. Swan, and he has been an ardent and active participant in tlie work of the fraternity ever since. That his labor has been appreciated by his brethren and co-workers is evinced by the fact that he has been placed in all the positions of honor and trust in the subordinate and grand bodies of the lodge and encampment. He is a past member of the Sovereign Grand Lodge, the highest body of the order, and a past lieutenant-colonel of the Patriarchs Militant.

The work of our subject in connection with the Odd Fellows' home, of which institution he was the ardent and assiduous promoter, has entitled him to the gratitude, not alone of his fraternity and the distressed therein, but to the people of W'alla Walla in particular and the entire state in general. To him as the prime and moving spirit in tlie establishment of the institution, the success of the same has been largely due. Of his work in this connection and of his highly valuable services as president of the first board of trustees and as the first superintendent thereof, it is unnecessary to speak here at length, as these topics are quite fully treated under the caption "Odd Fellows' Home" on other pages of this volume.

MILTON ALDRICH. - Few men in Walla Walla county are more widely known throughout the entire valley than is he whose name forms the caption of this brief review, and still fewer are they whose good fortune it is to enjoy such a high degree of the respect and confidence of the people. One of the earliest settlers of the valley, having come here in 1858, he long ago secured a place of honor in the opinions of the residents of this entire section, and his subsequent life has ever been so ordered as to retain the high standing he then secured. This fact in itself would entitle him to representation in a volume of this character, but he also has the more substantial claim of having been an efficient force in the industrial development of the county, the history of which we have attempted to chronicle.

Our subject was born in New York state in 1S30, but received his educational training in the good old state of Michigan, which was his home from the time he was six years old until he attained his majority. As soon, however, as man's estate was reached his adventurous spirit began to assert itself, and before long we find him on his way across the continent, traveling the "trail of many moons to the land of the setting sun" with horse-teams.

til the spring of 1S58. when he became identified with the famous Walla Walla valley. It was not a particularly, safe place to li\-e in those days, as the Indians were numerous and frecjuently hostile, but fear seemed to find no lodgment in the brain of the pioneer, and Mr. Aldrich was a typical representative of that honored class.

Shortly after his arrival he pre-empted a cjuarter-section of land about seven miles northeast of Walla Walla, but his energies were not to be long restrained within limits so narrow.

He kept adding tract after tract to his real estate holdings, expanding always in a conservative and safe way, but keeping pace with his increasing facilities for handling the land profitably, until he became the owner of a fine farm, the generous proportions of which may be realized when one is informed that it includes seventeen hundred acres. Originally Mr. Aldrich gave much attention to stock raising, but since the range has been fenced up he has confined himself pretty closely to wheat raising. Recent issues of the papers inform us that he has just sold some sixty thousand bushels of that cereal.

Notwithstanding his large business interests Mr. Aldrich has always taken time to perform well his duties as a good citizen, serving ten years in the thankless but important office of school director, also as road overseer and once as a member of the board of county commissioners; but wheatever the trusts imposed in him by the people, he has discharged the duties of each, whether large or small, with an eye single to the general good.

The marriage of our subject was solemnized in this county in 1863, when ]\Iiss Sarah Stanfield, a member of a respected pioneer famil\', became his wife. Their union has been blessed by the advent of three children: Dura. Frederick ].. and Shelly P.

JA:\[ES a. YEEND, a farmer residing seven miles north of Walla \\'alla, is a native of England, born in March, 1856. He acquired his education in the common and grammar schools of his fatherland, then, in 1870, came to America. He located in Walla \\'alla county, where he worked on his father's farm until he became of age. As soon as he had attained his majority he took a pre-emption and bought railroad land until he was the owner of two hundred and eighty acres, but he later sold a portion of this to his father. In 1883 he moved over into Whitman county, took a homestead and timber culture, and began farming there. He was a tiller of the soil in that county until 1895, then he came back t'3 Walla Walla county, where he has since resided continuously. He now farms about four hundred acres of land, raising wheat as his principal crop.

'Mr. Yeend is a thrifty, enterprising man, and a good citizen, ever ready to contribute his part toward the general progress. Hii standing in the community is of the highest. In fraternal connections he is a L'nited \\'orkman. He was marrieil in Idaho, in 1883, to Miss Lydia Chandler, a native of England, and they have eight children: Ernest E., Edith M., Fred J. and Frank S., twins, Flora E., William A., 01i\e and Esther A.

PATRICK AIARTIN, deceased, was a native of county Gahvay, Ireland, born December 3, 1830. He received his education from a private teacher at home. When about nineteen he came to California, and for a number of years he was engaged in mining there, but in i8~o he removed tn Walla Walla county. He had been quite successful in min- ing ventures, both in California and in Montana, and lie now decided to invest some of the proceeds in farm land. Accordingly he bought a quarter section six miles north of W'alla \\'alla, and to this he added more from time to time until he became very extensively interested in agricultural lands. He engaged extensively in wheat raising, becoming one of the largest producers of that cereal in the Inland Empire, and so continuing for a great many years.

Mr. ]\Iartin was a very thrifty, enterprising, energetic man, and a highly esteemed and respected citizen, and when, on February 25, 1S97. he departed this life, he was mourned by a large circle of friends and neighbors. He married, in Vancouver, Washington,- in 1882. Miss Anastasia S. Sinnott, a native of Milwaukee. Wisconsin, who still lives on the place where the family first settled after coming to this county. She has the title to eighteen hundred acres of land, about thirteen hundred of which she rents to other parties, while she and her sons farm about five hundred acres themselves.

SOL. HARD:\L\N. - Among the early pioneers of Walla Walla county those who came here when the territory was an untamed wilderness, the haunt of the savage red man, and who by their persevering efforts and indomitable energy have developed its great natural fertility and ushered in the light of civilization, the man whose name gives caption to this paragraph is certainly deserving of an honored place, and it is with pleasure that we accord

Mr. Hardman was born in Indiana in 1844, and in the Hoosier state a few of his early 3ears were passed. When only eight years of age, however, he accompanied the remainder of the family on the long, tiresome and dangerous journey across the continent, the transportation facilities being those afforded by the ox-team and wagon. Arriving eventually in Linn county, Oregon, he was there permitted for a few brief years to enjoy the advantages afforded by the primitive public schools there established, but perhaps his most valuable education consisted of the lessons of industry learned in cultivating the parental farm.

In May, 1859, our subject came to the site of the present city of Waitsburg, and from tl:at date until 1880 he was actively engaged in the basic industr}' of agriculture. He then moved into the town of Waitsburg and engaged in the business of handling stock, continuing in the same until 1887, when he embarked in the business in which we now find him.

!Mr. Hardman has long been a factor in the public affairs of the county, and once served as deputy sheriff. He also has held the office of city marshal of Waitsburg. A public-spirited man and willing to do everything in his power for the advancement and development of the count)', he has, in the half century of his residence here, frequently contributed to public enterprises, and the community has mau}^ times experienced material benefit from his being in it.

In November, 1882, Mr. Hardman was married in Waitsburg to Miss Caroline A. Bruce, a member of a pioneer family of the county. They became parents of three chil-

NELSON R. NORMAN, whose residence in Walla \\'alla dates back to 1884, is a native of Denmark, born September 10, 1850. He was reared on a farm in his native land and given the advantages of the' superior public schools for which that country is noteil. After becoming a man, he fi>lIowed farming as an occupation until 1879. when he emigrated to the United States. His lirst home in the new world was in Fillmore county, Minnesota, where for three years he was engaged in tilling- the soil. The next two years were passed in the same occupation near Mapleton, North Dakota, in the Red River valley.

Mr. Norman then came to Walla Walla, and entered the employ of Dr. Baker, for whom he worked until 1893. In that year he opened in business at 109 E. Main street, where he is still to be found. His fraternal connections are with the Eagles and the Red j\Ien. in 1886, he was married in Walla Walla, to Aliss Kittie Nelson, a native of Germany, and they have one son, Grover Cleveland, who is an unusually bright boy. His parents, with commendable generosity and wisdom, are giving him ihc advantage of a course of instruction in languages and music under the best teachers in Germany, and his progress thus far gives promise tliat he will become extraordinarily proficient in both these branches.

ty, in 1864. He was educated in the public schools, then took a business course in Whitman College, extending over a period of six full years. After leaving that institution he engaged in the grocery business, a line winch he followed for four years. During the ensuing three years he was a dealer in hay and grain, but he afterwards turnetl his attention to farming. He is now one of the well-to-do, thrifty tillers of the soil and is engaged in producing wheat, alfalfa and barley, and in handling stock.

As a man and a citizen his standing in the community is of the highest. He takes a lively interest in all public affairs, ever manifesting a willingness to contribute his share toward any enterprise which promises to advance the general welfare, and at different times serving as school director and as road overseer.

In 1894, in Walla Walla county. Mr. Evans married Miss Anna Ingraham, a native of Ripon, Wisconsin, runl they have two children, Walter and Llovd Emniett.

EUGENE BOURGEOIS, one of the thrifty and enterprising farmers of Walla Walla county, residing nine miles northeast of the city of Walla W^alla, is a native of Paris, France, but was brought to the United States when quite young. The family located in Illinois, and there Mr. Bourgeois grew to man's estate and received his education. As soon as he became old enough to do for himself he engaged in farming, and that has been his occupation all the time since. In 1877 he came to this county and located a homestead where we now find him. To this he has added from time to time until his entire farm now consists of four hundred and forty acres. He. like most of the otlier farmers in liis locality, gives most of his attention to wheat raising, though he is in some measure a diversified farmer. His industry and thrift, together with his many other good qualities as a man, ha\e won for him the esteem and regard of his neighbors generally, lie was married, in Walla \\'alla county, in i8S8, to Miss Isabel Lang, a native of \'irginia, and they have in their family three children, Charley, Frederick and Henry.