Clark County, Wisconsin - Biographical sketches, 1918 (part 8 of 18)

Hiram Wilson Renne, an esteemed citizen of Sherman Township, where he has resided for many years, was born in Essex County, New York, Sept. 12, 1839, son of Henry and Phila (Wilson) Renne, who were farming people. Henry was born in New York state, on the Hudson River, and was a son of John Renne, who came to that location from Canada. Henry's wife, Mrs. Phila Renne, was from Vermont. Hiram W. Renne came to Clark County, Wis., when a young man of 20 years, in 1859, At one time he was acquainted with every man in the county without considering that he had a very wide acquaintance. He farmed in the summers, clearing a little land with his brother Charles, who had come here two years before. About 1860 he secured a tract of land of forty acres in section 35, in what is now York Township. There was no road, but a trail which was known as the Stevens Point Road passed the place. On this tract, Mr. Renne built a frame house from lumber cut in his brother's mill, and here in 1861 they were joined by their father and mother, living the rest of their lives here. About the same time Hiram W. Renne married Eveline Marsh, a daughter of Levi Marsh, and together they began to clear their land. Though they began with practically nothing, but their hands, they soon got an ox team and a cow. Mr. Renne got their supplies generally at Weston Rapids, six miles away, carrying them home on his back. In 1885 he moved to Sherman Township, getting a tract of 200 acres in section 29, where he now resides. The place in York Township had been well cleared and improved. The new farm was also improved to some extent and there was an old log house on it. Mr. Renne built a good house and barns and subsequently made further improvements. He helped to establish the cheese factory in this locality. At times he has served in public office and was clerk of Weston Township soon after coming to Clark County, when that township formed a large part of the county. He has also been chairman of Sherman township one year. When he first came to the county there were but three townships: Levis, Pine Valley and Weston, and since then he has witnessed many remarkable changes in the development of the county, in the benefits of which he has participated. He has always been a Republican in politics.

William D. Lyon, a well known and respected citizen of Loyal Township, now living practically retired in the village of Loyal, was born on a farm in Rubicon Township, Dodge County, Wis., May 4, 1862, son of Elijah B. and Phoebe Ann (Hagar) Lyon, The parents were both natives of Paterson, N. J., the father born Oct. 16, 1814, and the mother July 24, 1819, and they were married in the city of their birth. A few years later, with three children, they came to Wisconsin, settling in Dodge County on land which Elijah B. Lyon improved into a good farm. After a residence there of some years, they came in 1866 to Clark County, driving with two yoke of cattle. There were then eight children in the family. On arriving here the father located on an eighty-acre tract in section 29, Loyal Township. An old log house stood in a little opening of the timber and into this the family moved. There were then no roads, but rough tracks had been cut through the timber and over these Mr. Lyon used to drive with a "jumper," or rude sled, to Neillsville for supplies. In time he built a larger log house and cleared much of his land, also working at times in the woods. This place was his home for the rest of his life, and he died Mar. 4, 1888, his wife dying Feb. 28, 1880. William D. Lyon was the youngest member of his parents' family. He obtained his education in Clark County, first attending the log schoolhouse of his district, and after that the frame building. Agriculture he learned on his parents' farm, where he grew to manhood, helping his father to clear the land. In time he took over forty acres of the homestead and added 120 more to it to make a good farm. He built a frame house, also a good basement barn, 36 by 100 feet, a silo of 125 tons capacity, together with a machine-shed and other necessary buildings, this work occupying him for a number of years, On his farm he raised Holstein cattle and a good grade of horses, besides the usual crops, and became one of the successful and prosperous men of his township. Besides looking after his farm, he helped to organize the North Star Cheese Factory of Loyal Township, and owns shares in it, as well as in the creamery and elevator, also being a stockholder in the Citizens State Bank of Loyal. Mr. Lyon removed to the village of Loyal October, 1915, and is now practically retired, but still retains the ownership of his farm. He was married, April 25, 1887, to Lillie Shauer, of Sheboygan County, Wis., whose parents years ago located in Loyal Township. He and his wife are the parents of four children: Clair Sylvester, born July 11, 1888, now a farmer of Beaver Township; Echo D., born Oct. 4, 1891, and Rollie G., born Jan. 23, 1893, who are residing at home, and Lafayette D., born July 2, 1897, who is a student at the Wisconsin Business College, at La Crosse.

Fred Schlinkert, who is now engaged in operating a part of the old Schlinkert homestead in section 7, Weston Township, was born on this farm in the log house of his parents, William and Augusta (Floerke) Schlinkert, July 10, 1880. His educational opportunities were limited, as he had to make himself useful on the farm from an early age. When older he worked a few months in the lumber camps, but with the exception of two years has always resided on the home farm, a part of which finally came into his possession. He is carrying on general farming, keeping a good grade of Holstein cattle and good horses. He has a good frame basement barn, 46 by 40 feet in size, and is doing a profitable business. In addition to this farm he also owns another, one of eighty acres in Seif Township, and he is also a stockholder in the Farmers' Co-operative Elevator Co., of Neillsville. He is an industrious worker and takes a keen interest in everything calculated to promote the prosperity of his town and county. Mr. Schlinkert was married, Dec. 7, 1910, to Mrs. Bessie Leffengwell, whose maiden name was Bessie Rollins, and was the widow of John Leffengwell, who was killed in a street car accident in Pittsburgh, Penn. By Mr. Leffengwell she had three children, Myrtle, Flora and Mae, all of whom are now students in the Neillsville high school. By her union with Mr. Schlinkert three other children have been born, Leroy, Everett and Velda.

William Schlinkert, a pioneer of Weston Township, now deceased, was born in Germany and was 18 years of age when he came to the United States, which he did on a sailing vessel, landing in this country after a long voyage. Locating in Wisconsin, he worked in various parts of the state, and finally came fo Clark County and began the life of a pioneer farmer on 160 acres of wild land in section 7, Weston Township. There were then no roads to the place. Building a log house and barn, he started with nothing but his hands, being just able to pay for the land. He had no team and no cow, but got a cow about a year later. He had been married in Wisconsin to Augusta Floerke, and his wife proved a good helpmate for him. Mr. Schlinkert worked in the woods in the winter time, clearing his farm in the summer. In time he increased the size of his farm by buying forty acres more. He helped to chop a road through to his place, built a good brick house, and cleared up his land, finally becoming a prosperous citizen. He also helped to build the old structure in which the Lutheran congregation worshipped at an early date, and contributed to the new church, of which he was a member. On his farm he made considerable use of oxen. Mr. Schlinkert died in May, 1897, at the age of 47. His wife is still living, being now 58 years old. Six of their children are also living, and two are dead, a list of their family being as follows: Emma, now Mrs. Erick Schoenherr, of Weston Township; Fred, now proprietor of the old homestead in Weston Township; William, who lives in Pine Valley Township, this county; Robert, of Weston Township; Elsie, who is now Mrs. John Pazenkopf; Erick and Paul, who are deceased, and Theodore, residing in Weston Township.

John W. Chesterman, a retired farmer and veteran of the great Civil War, now residing in the village of Loyal, was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, on the farm of his parents, Abraham and Susan (Spangler) Chesterman, July 29, 1838. The father, Abraham, was born, reared and educated in the same county, his father having come from the state of New York, and his grandfather from England. Abraham as a young man worked on his father's farm, and was married when about 22 years of age, he and his wife living in Tuscarawas County for about nine years after their marriage. Three children were born to them there - John W., Mary and one that died in infancy. From that locality they removed to Hardin County, Ohio, where Abraham worked out, and there he and his wife died. John W. Chesterman was about 9 years old when he lost his parents and his sister Mary about 7. They went to live with a Mr. Botkin and there he alternately worked and attended school. Six years later, in the spring, the subject of this sketch went to Fort Wayne, Ind., and in the following summer began driving on the Wabash and Erie Canal, running to Fort Wayne, Toledo, Lafayette and Cincinnati. A year later he went to Roanoke, where he cut cord wood one winter and the next summer worked on a farm. Then, going to New Troy, Mich., he entered the employ of a lumber company, to work in the woods, and was engaged in that occupation about five years. A new phase of Mr. Chesterman's career was now about to begin. In 1861 he enlisted, at Niles, Mich., in Company E, Sixth Michigan Infantry. They were sent to Fort Wayne for six weeks' training and then returned to Niles to recruit, Mr. Chesterman being mustered in Aug. 20, 1861. The next move was to the South, the regiment going by way of Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh and Baltimore, and from there to Ship Island as a part of the army commanded by Gen. B, F, Butler. From there they went up the river to take part in the bombardment of Fort Phillips. Mr. Chesterman also took part in the capture of New Orleans, but his company stayed there only a few days to rest, being then ordered up the river to Baton Rouge camp. August 5, 1862, they took part in the battle of

Baton Rouge and were subsequently engaged in police work until the siege of Fort Hudson, when they fought almost continuously from May 23, to July 8, 1863. After that they were given thirty days furlough, At the end of his furlough Mr. Chesterman rejoined his regiment and went with it to Port Hudson and up the White River to St. Charles, then back down the river to Mobile Bay, where he was at the taking of Forts Morgan and Gaines. Mr. Chesterman was then commissioned lieutenant and remained at Fort Morgan to ship ammunition to the Union troops that took part in the battle of Fort Spanish. After that, Lieut. Chesterman joined a heavy artillery regiment, with which he saw six months' service and then returned to Carlton, La., where he was mustered out, being discharged at Jackson, Mich., Aug. 20, 1865, after a service of four years. He then took up his residence in New Troy, Mich., where he was employed at jobs of various kinds until Dec. 7, 1865, when he was united in marriage with Frances EK. Morley, a daughter of John and Jane (Wood) Morley, her father being a Michigan farmer. She was born, reared and educated in that state. Mr. Chesterman resided in New Troy for seventeen years after his marriage, buying a farm in the vicinity, and during that time two children were born to him - Henry and Alice. It was in 1883 that he and his family moved to Clark County, Wis., settling in Loyal, where they lived for about six years. He then bought a farm in Beaver Township, there being a shack on the place and three acres cleared of trees. Beginning work on this place with a team of horses and three head of cattle, he cleared the land, and in time built a seven-room frame house, and barn for stock and hay, 24 by 40, and 20 by 43 feet in dimensions. On this farm, besides growing the usual crops he raised cattle and was successful in his operations, becoming one of the substantial and prominent citizens of his township. He was treasurer of the school board for six years, and was connected with the Beaver Telephone Company, serving as secretary one year and one year as treasurer, His retirement and removal to the village of Loyal took place Mar. 20, 1915. Of Mr. Chesterman's two children already mentioned, Henry went, in 1898, to Valdez, Alaska, where he engaged in prospecting and government work. Alice married J. M. Philpott, and resides in Loyal, this county.

Austin K. Church, an active farmer of Loyal Township, Clark County, was born at North Hadley, Mass., Nov. 13, 1848. He isa son of Joseph and Eliza R. (Barnum) Church, the former of whom was born at Amherst, Mass., Noy. 1, 1801, and the latter at Kingston, Pa., Oct. 10, 1821, her father, Charles Barnum, being a farmer, After their marriage, which took place at Amherst, Jan. 13, 1848, Joseph Church and wife took up their residence at North Hadley, Mass., where they remained four years, and while residing there, three children - Austin K., Edward E. and Anna E. - were born. In 1852 Joseph moved with his family to Dodge County, Wis., where he bought eighty acres-of wild land, building a log house, 16 by 24 feet, and a barn. His brother William, had come to Wisconsin two years before him. Joseph lived in Dodge County until his death, his wife subsequently dying in Iowa. Austin K. Church remained on the parental farm until he was 21 years old, and then farmed in Dodge County,

Mr. And Mrs. Abram Smith Mr. And Mrs. Oliver J. Smith

Wis., and in Minnesota. In 1881, at the age of 33, or thereabouts, he came to Loyal, Clark County, buying eighty acres of wild land in section 1, Loyal Township. Here he married Mary Weaver and they took up their residence on this farm. <A year later, however, they sold and moved to the village of Loyal, residing there for several years, after which Mr. Church bought a tract of eighty acres, lying one-half mile west of Loyal, where he now resides, to which he and his family moved, and which he operated as a farm for twelve years. In April, 1912, he again took up his residence in the village of Loyal, where he made his home until he moved back to the farm. During his former residence here Mr. Church served five years as village treasurer. He also held the office of supervisor seven years and was for twelve years a member of the school board, He is a stockholder in the Citizens State Bank at Loyal and is in comfortable circumstances, enjoying the fruits of a long and industrious career. His wife, Mrs. Mary Weaver Church, is a daughter of Elias Weaver, who came to Dodge County in December, 1867, homesteading 160 acres of land. He later moved to the present site of Loyal, bringing his family and household goods across country in a wagon. There were five children in the family: Elias, who is now head forest ranger at Woodruff, Wis.; Nellie, wife of Erick Amble, of Marshfield, Wis.; Morris, a farmer in Clark County; Edna, wife of S. G. Johnson of Loyal; and Mary, who married Mr. Church. Mr. and Mrs. Church have two children: Fred E., born Mar, 17, 1884, and Lynn E., born July 10, 1886. Fred E., who is a rural mail carrier, attached to the Loyal postoffice, married Iva Putnam, and has two children - Margaret and Helen. Lynn E. married Susan Christensen and is in the employ of the Marshall Field Company, at Chicago,

Oliver J. Smith, a successful agriculturist of section 11, Loyal Township, in which locality he has resided nearly all his life, was born in Dodge County, Wis., July 30, 1862. His father was Abram J. Smith and his mother's maiden name was Roxie Jane Hills. A. J. Smith was born in New York state and was there educated, later being employed in the sawmill industry there. When 19 years old he came to Wisconsin with a neighbor's family, journeying with an ox team most of the way, and settling at Iron Ridge. There he worked on farms and subsequently was employed in a lumber mill. In the early fifties he was married to Roxie Jane Hills, at Oconomowoc, Wis., and they resided and kept house at Iron Ridge for about eight years. There two of their children were born, Cornelia and Oliver, the subject of this sketch. In 1864 the family came to Clark County, making the trip by rail to Sparta, and from there with an ox team to Loyal, where the father took up 160 acres in section 11, it being then all wild land, and the country destitute of roads. They had to go to Neillsville for supplies, a distance of about 18 miles, but used oxen for transporting their provisions. Mr. Smith had to clear a place on which to build a log house and barn. He worked out a little but spent most of his time in clearing up his own place. Three more children were born there - Anna, Clara and Charlie. By the time the father died, May 1, 1911, he had cleared most of his land and had a good farm. Oliver J. Smith was educated in the old log schoolhouse at Dodgeville, When 15 years old he began working in the woods for Elias Weaver, and was thus employed fourteen winters, working on the home farm in the summer. At the age of 29 he married Jennie Nichols, Nov. 9, 1891, She was a daughter of Milo Lester and Tamma Jane (Fuller) Nichols, of Weston Township, Clark County, where she was born, May 5, 1871, and acquired her education. Her father was a veteran of the Civil War. After his marriage Mr. Smith settled on the homestead, operating the farm, and this place has remained his home up to the present time. He has made some notable improvements on it, having: erected a seven-room brick house; a basement barn, 36 by 50 feet; a granary, 16 by 24 feet, and a hog house, 16 by 30 feet in size. It is interesting to note that his father, A. J. Smith, in 1873, built the first frame barn in this section - a structure 36 by 46 feet, set on blocks, which is still standing, and which was lately remodeled to a basement barn by the subject of this sketch. Mr. Smith raises Holstein cattle and Poland-China hogs. He was at one time the owner of the Dodgeville Cheese Factory, but sold it. Aside from his farming interests he owns stock in the Citizens State Bank of Loyal, in the Wausau Packing Company and in the Farmers' Independent Harvester Company. He has also taken a more or less active part in local government, having served three terms on the township side board and thirteen years as school director. Mrs, Jennie (Nichols) Smith died Dec. 26, 1893. She left two children, Dimple, who married Clair Lyons, of Beaver Township, and has one child, Alice; and Archie, who married Carrie E. Vanderhoof, daughter of Chas. Vanderhoof, and who, with her husband, resides in Sherman Township, on an eighty-acre farm. Mr, Smith contracted a second marriage, May 6, 1896, to Fannie Nichols, sister of his first wife. Of this union five children have been born: Lottie, Owen, Lee, Floyd and Vera, all living at home except Lottie, who married Oswald Hemeinger, a farmer of Freemont Township,

Albert Castner, a prosperous farmer of Loyal Township, who has taken a prominent part in local affairs, was born in Monroe County, Wis., June 26, 1868. A memoir of his father, John Castner, may be found elsewhere in this work. He was 2 years old when he accompanied his parents to Clark County in a wagon drawn by ox team, The first night they camped on the boundary line of the township, sleeping under a pine tree. His only schooling was obtained during the winter months in the log schoolhouse, located in the southeast corner of section 21, Loyal Township. This primitive temple of learning had a rough board floor, with long benches for seats, but reading, writing and arithmetic were taught and of these he imbibed a fair knowledge. His initiation into the mysteries of agriculture was more thorough, as he began to acquire that kind of knowledge on his father's farm when a mere boy and was not allowed to forget it for want of practice. When he was 21 years old he began working in the woods, in which occupation he was engaged for ten winters, at times having charge of the logging crew. His first work of this kind was for John A. Davis, who lived east of Phillip, and among his other employers was his own brother George, Archie Silverwright of Rhinelander, and Clark, Staple & Leonard, also of Rhinelander. Having saved $1,000 as the result of his logging operations, he purchased the land that now forms his present farm

- a tract of eighty acres - in section 20, Loyal Township, of which forty acres had been cleared. There was also an old log barn on the place, Here he has since built a good residence and made other valuable improvements. He raises full-blooded Durham cattle, Chester-White hogs and a good grade of horses and has taken rank among the successful farmers of his township. He is interested in the Equity warehouse, is a stockholder in the feed mill, constructed by the Equity Association, being also its secretary and treasurer, and is a stockholder in the Wausau Packing Plant of Wausau, Wis. Mr. Castner was married Dec. 30, 1896, to Maud Davis, who was born in York Township, Clark County, Oct. 10, 1878, on the homestead of her parents, who were Joseph Bushrod and Emily (Huntly) Davis. They were natives of Vermont and when children removed to St. Lawrence County, New York, where they grew up and were married, Coming to Clark County, Wis., they settled in York Township, when it was a wilderness. All their children were born in that township, namely: Ernest, Alma, Maud, Martha and Earl, Their early home was a log house and their surroundings were those of pioneers; the familiar ox team was seen on the farm; Mr. Davis had to carry provisions home on his back for miles, and the Indians were frequent visitors and often stayed all night at the cabin. Mr. Davis was a carpenter by trade. After clearing his tract of eighty acres he sold it and bought forty more nearby. This he also sold at a later date and moved to Loyal, where he now lives at the age of 76 years. His wife, aged 70, is also living. The dates of their nativity were respectively, Feb. 6, 1840, and July 12, 1846. Mr. and Mrs. Castner have eight children: Jessie, Russell, Forrest, Harry, James, Hazel, Nina and J. Lafayette. Jessie is the wife of Irvin Mingal and resides in Montana. She has one child, Ethel Maud. Mr. and Mrs. Castner are members of the Methodist Church at Loyal.

John Milton Philpott, proprietor of a planing mill, and also engaged in business as a contracting carpenter, at Loyal, Clark County, was born on his parents' farm in Loyal Township, this county, April 14, 1870. His childhood home was a log cabin, 16 by 20 feet in size, and his parents were Thomas and Emily (Brasee) Philpott. The father was born near Southampton, England, April 14, 1842, and was one of the four children of William and Eliza Philpott, the other three being William, Jr., Harry and Mary. William Philpott, Sr., who was a blacksmith, came with his family to the United States when his son Thomas was 16 years of age. He located at Iron Ridge, Dodge County, Wis., where he followed his trade. Thomas Philpott saw service in the Civil War, enlisting in Company I, 29th Wisconsin Volunteers, and going to the front, served a year and a half. Then, returning home on furlough, he married Emily Brasee, and with his wife returned to the army, he as hospital steward and his wife as nurse. At the close of the war they returned home, but almost immediately afterwards set out for Clark County, journeying by stage to Sparta, and by jumper from that place to Neillsville. From the latter place they walked to their claim in Loyal Township, it being a tract of 160 acres. On arriving they took up their residence with neighbors until a cabin could be built, and then had nothing to start farming with but an axe and grub hoe. They cleared the first three acres by hand and later exchanged work with their neighbors and it was not until three years later that they were able to purchase an ox team. There were no roads, only trails, and supplies had to be carried on their backs from Neillsville. After four years on that place, Thomas Philpott came to Loyal, then but a saw mill point, and, being a blacksmith by trade, he opened the first blacksmith shop in Loyal, which he conducted for three years, also clearing off the first land where the village of Loyal now stands. Having by this time become a well known and popular citizen of the county he was elected on the Republican ticket as county sheriff, and as such served one term, and then a term as under-sheriff. He was then re-elected sheriff, served his term, and again became under-sheriff, holding office in the two positions for eight years. Mr. Philpott then opened a general mercantile store in Loyal, which he conducted for seven years, at the end of which time he sold the business. After remaining in the vicinity for three years, he went to Prentice, where for about seven years he was shipping clerk for the United States Hide and Leather Company. At the end of that time he went to Bremerton, Wash., where he has since held the position of timekeeper in the United States Navy Yard. While residing in Loyal, Thomas Philpott served as clerk of the village board for a number of years. He is a Methodist in religion and for a long time was the main pillar of the church of that denomimation established in Neillsville. He and his wife had four children: John M,; Pearl, now Mrs, J. H. Holmes, of Butte, Mont.; George, of Charleston, Wash., who is connected with the carpenter shop in the navy yard; and Guy, who is deceased. John M. Philpott acquired his education in the schools of this county, including the Neillsville high school. He then went to work in a drug store at Greenwood, where he remained for two years and a half, after which he took up carpenter work, going to Chicago, where he worked at that trade. After the World's Fair in 1893, he returned to Clark County and aided in the construction of the schoolhouse in Loyal, which was then being built. He then became connected with planing mill work, as manager of the mill belonging to the local lumber company, and was thus occupied for about twelve years. In 1901 he erected the mill which he is now operating and has since been engaged in business for himself, also doing contract carpenter work. He is a stockholder in the Citizens State Bank of Loyal. Mr. Philpott has a good reputation as an able mechanic and his honesty and fair dealing are also widely recognized, qualities which have had much to do with his present prosperity. As a reliable citizen, he has been called upon at various times to serve in public office, Thus, he was village treasurer four years, clerk four or five years, and assessor two years, He also served two years as supervisor and a member of the county board. In politics he isa Republican. Mr. Philpott was married, Sept. 26, 1891, to Alice Chesterman, daughter of John and Frances (Morley) Chesterman, of Loyal, Wis.

George Krakenberger, who died at his home in Dorchester, Clark County, Jan. 20, 1901, was an early settler in Clark County, and had had a successful career both as farmer and merchant. He was born in Sheboygan, Wis., July 15, 1855, and was therefore only in his forty-sixth year at the time of his death. It was in 1874 that he came to Dorchester, Clark County, and bought a farm of eighty acres in Mayville Township. This he cleared, making his home on the place until 1891, when he moved to Dorchester. Here he erected a building and engaged in the hardware business, which is now being carried on by his second wife, Mrs. Annie Krakenberger. He soon became one of the leading business men of the village, and in 1888 was elected village treasurer, in which office he served thirteen years. He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. As a man and citizen he had many sterling qualities and had a wide circle of friends. The family church is the Evangelical Church of Dorchester. Mr. Krakenberger was first married to Caroline Edler, who died Feb. 22, 1892, leaving eight children: Lizzie, born July 18, 1879; William, born Feb. 21, 1881, who died Aug. 9, 1881; Rosa, born Sept. 23, 1882; Benjamin, born May 2, 1884; George, born Noy. 29, 1885; Clara, born Feb. 15, 1888; Elenora, born April 20, 1890, and Delia, born Jan. 30, 1892. On Aug. 17, 1892, Mr. Krakenberger married for his second wife, Anna Evers, who was born at Charlestown, Wis., daughter of Jergen and Fredericka (Baker) Evers. Her parents were natives of Germany, who came to America in 1862, locating two miles south of Dorchester, Clark County, Wis., where they carried on a farm for fourteen years, Later they sold that place and bought one of forty acres, one mile east of Dorchester. The mother died June 4, 1897, and the father, June 1, 1912. They had five children: Anna, widow of Mr. Krakenberger; John, who is deceased; Hans, a resident of Dorchester; Elvina, deceased, and William, who lives in Dorchester. The children born of Mr. Grakenberger's second marriage were as follows: Walter, born May 15, 1893, who died in infancy; Edwin, born Nov. 14, 1895, who also died in Infancy; Evaline, born April 25, 1896; Lawrence, born April 29, 1897, who died Aug. 1, the same year; Hilda, born Mar. 12, 1900, and Raymond, born June 20,1901. Evaline, Hilda and Raymond are residing at home with their mother. The store is now conducted by Mrs. Krakenberger, with the assistance of the children.

Charles F. Flaherty, who is now living retired in the village of Loyal after many years of activity in the farming industry, was born at Sheboygan Falls, Wis., Aug. 15, 1851, His parents were Michael and Mary (Carey) Flaherty, both natives of county Clare, Ireland. Michael, who was a working man, served as a soldier in the Mexican War of 1848, and after his return was married to Mary Carey in New York City. They joined the westward movement, locating at Sheboygan Falls, Wis., but remaining there only a short time, removed to Chilton, Calumet County, this state, this being in 1858. There Michael bought 120 acres of wild land, the country around being practically a wilderness. Clearing a place on his purchase, he erected a log house and barn, but for awhile had no stock and had to work out at times to support the family, improving his land as he was able. In time he built a frame house and better barn, and by dint of perserverance and hard work attained to a reasonable measure of comfort and prosperity. The last forty-eight years of his life were spent on that farm, his death occurring May 11, 1906. He and his wife reared eight children: Charles F., Stephen, Mary, James, Joseph, Anna,

Michael and John. Charles F. Flaherty remained on the home farm until he was 21 years old. He then found employment elsewhere making staves, coming home occasionally as he found opportunity. On Feb. 7, 1881, he was united in marriage with Rhoda Welsh, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Niver) Welsh, her father being a farmer of Clark County. In the same year he moved with his wife to Clark County, buying eighty acres of wild land in Loyal Township. On this he erected a log house and barn, but then had no stock. His supplies were obtained at Loyal village. He worked to some extent in the woods, the rest of his time being given to the improvement of his farm. There he made his home for thirty years, during which time gradually increased in prosperity, and then, in 1911, moved to Loyal village, where he has since made his home. He and his wife have been the parents of seven children: Eugene, John, Margaret, Agnes, Kathryn, Anna and Vincent. Eugene, who is now serving with Company A, Second Regiment, Wisconsin Volunteers, married Viola Campbell, and has three children, Eugene, Jr., Ellen and Lillian. John is now deceased. Margaret is a resident of Bismarck, N. D.; Agnes, is the wife of Harry Stoneburg, of Eaton Township, and has two children, Lucille and Alice. Kathryn, now Mrs, Frank Beaver, of Loyal Village, has two children, Gilbert and Loraine. Anna, wife of Frank Dual, of Beaver Township, has two children, Kenneth and Adelbert. Vincent is serving with Company A, Second Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers.

John Fisher, Sr., a pioneer settler of Sherman Township, of which he is still a resident, was born in Sandusky City, Ohio, Jan. 1, 1854, son of Gottlieb and Magdaline Fisher. When he was only 14 months old his parents removed to Sheboygan County, Wis., where he was reared. He had but little schooling, being obliged to work on his father's farm, and later he worked out two years in that county. It was in the fall of 1876 that he came to Clark County and bought an eighty-acre tract of land in section 26, Sherman Township. This land he obtained from a homesteader, who had cleared about five or six acres of it, and with whom he lived for awhile. In the following year, however, not wishing to lead a bachelors' life, he went back to Sheboygan County and was there married, Feb. 17, 1877, to Augustina Frederica Siegfried, a native of Germany, who had come to the United States with relations. He had erected a small shack of logs on his place, and on his return with his wife they walked from Spencer, the nearest railroad point, five miles through the woods to the cabin, in which they began domestic life, modestly enough but with good hope for the future. Mr. Fisher soon got an ox team - the most necessary aid to the pioneer farmer - and for carrying purposes the first year used a "jumper." The second year, however, he obtained a wagon, which was the second wagon introduced into the township, the first having been brought in by Joe Upson. This was another great aid and was something that many pioneer settlers did not get until after they had been a number of years on their farms. A cow was also obtained, and thus provided with the most essential things, Mr. Fisher went ahead with courage and determination to succeed. The surrounding country was covered with timber, there being scarcely an opening anywhere near his place, and, of course, at that time, no road to or near it, so that he had to carry supplies from Spencer on his back through the woods - a hard task familiar to the pioneers, but which their sons are happily exempt from. There he and his wife lived for about sixteen years, during which time he cleared fifty acres of the land and built a house and barn of logs. He then sold that farm and in 1893, bought 160 acres of land in section 24, Sherman Township. Forty acres of this tract was cut over and he afterwards cleared a large part of the land, built a good house and barn, set out shade and fruit trees, and carried on general farming. His son John, built a saw mill in the vicinity, turning out shingle and lath, and also grinding feed, which was a convenience to all the neighborhood. About 1910 Mr. Fisher sold his second farm and, buying seven acres in section 34, built a comfortable residence in which he has since made his home. From his earliest years in the township he has at various times taken an active part in local government, becoming a member both of the school board and side board in 1877 and having served on the school board ever since. He was also assessor at intervals for eighteen years. He and his wife are the parents of two children, John and Mary, John, who married Hulda Hilderbrand, has five children: Martin, Hulda, Arthur, Eldora and Wilbur. Mary, who is the wife of Jess Woodruff, of Sherman Township, has four children: Adeline, Martha, John and Ruth.

Fred Mueller, an enterprising and successful farmer of Sherman Township, was born on his parents' homestead, in section 28, this township, Jan. 30, 1878. The parents were Carl and Etta (Harp) Mueller, both natives of Pommern, Germany. The father, Carl, came to the United States when about 25 years old, and his wife at the age of 9, with her parents; both made the voyage on a sailing vessel. They were married in Milwaukee in October, 1875, and at a subsequent date came to Spencer, Clark County, having then one child, Henry, aged 9 months. On arriving here Carl Mueller bought a tract of eighty acres in section 28, Sherman Township. The land was mostly wooded, but about four acres had been chopped over, and there was a log house and barn on the place. Mr. Mueller had been a farmer in his native land, though under less primitive conditions. In starting he secured a team and cow from Milwaukee. There was no road by his farm and for several years he had to carry flour on his back through the woods. He often walked to Spencer with butter and eggs, being paid six cents a dozen for eggs and ten cents a pound for butter. In time he cleared up the land and built a house of five rooms, since rebuilt and enlarged to eleven rooms by his sons and daughters. He also built a basement barn, 40 by 90 by 20 feet in size, put up outbuildings and set out a good orchard. He raised good stock and, in time, became one of the prosperous citizens of his township. He was born in October, 1834, dying in 1913, at the age of 79 years. His wife, who was born June 3, 1859, died April 25, 1915, at the age of 56. They had eight children: Henry (deceased), Fred, Minnie (deceased), George, August, John, Mary, wife of Chas. Rahm, and Charles. Carl Mueller was a member of the German Lutheran Church, and helped to establish the church in Sherman Township. He was of a genial disposition and quiet domestic tastes and never cared for public office, Fred Mueller was reared to farming on his par- ents' homestead. He erected the silo which now stands on the farm, and which measures 14 by 32 feet, but now has 160 acres of his own - a tract that has been cleared from the woods. While actively engaged in farming, like his father, he kept good stock, but now rents out the farm. As one of the substantial and prosperous men of Sherman Township, he is widely known and respected. He was reared in the faith of the Lutheran Church, of which his father was a member.

Lue E. Smith, a progressive citizen of York Township, where he is cultivating a good farm, was born at Westfield, Marquette County, Wis., April 28, 1864. The scene of his birth was a log house on the farm of his parents, John and Mary (Houslett) Smith. The father, John, was born near Dublin, Ireland, and his wife in Luxemburg, Germany; they were married in Waukesha County, Wis. John was but 2 years old when he was brought to the United States by his parents, the voyage being made in a sailing vessel. Two days after they landed in New York he died from cholera, a disease that frequently occurred on emigrant vessels, owing to unsanitary conditions. The rest of the family came on to Wisconsin, where John grew to manhood. His wife Mary, came to America with her parents, Peter and Barbara Houslett, and they were three months in making the trip, suffering shipwreck on the voyage. She was 14 years old at the time, and with her family also located in Waukesha County, Wis. After their marriage, John and Mary settled in Marquette County, on wild Indian land, beginning the arduous labor of clearing a tract without implements or stock. In time John Smith became the owner of 280 acres of land, with good buildings. He was several times chairman of his township, which he also served as treasurer, and was a member of the school board for twenty years, being one of the most prominent men of that locality. He died at the age of 78 and his wife at that of 74. They raised a family of nine children, all of whom are now living. Lue E. Smith, in his early years, attended the district school, and acquired a practical knowledge of farming on the parental homestead. At the age of 19 he struck out for himself, going to the Dakotas, where he worked on farms for three years. He then returned to Wisconsin, locating at Packwaukee, Marquette County, where he was section foreman for the Wisconsin Central Railroad for twelve years. In 1902 he came to Clark County and purchased his present farm in section 25, York Township. It then consisted of eighty acres of wild land. There was a road to the place from Granton, but it did not extend any farther than his property. There being some old log buildings on the place, he moved into one of them with his wife and their three children, Marian, Francis and Edgar. He had been married in Packwaukee to Mary Bundy, a teacher in the schools of Marquette County, Wis., daughter of Squire Bundy, formerly of New York State. Mr. Bundy was a soldier of the Civil War. He enlisted for service in the Heavy Artiiiery and served until discharged on account of ill health. Her mother, Mrs. Olive (Bundy) Morgan, also a teacher, was a native of Canada, and the family were pioneers of Marquette County, where Mr. Bundy cleared a farm. Mr. Smith had a little money saved when he came to Clark County and was soon able to supply his farm with some graded stock, both of cattle and horses and Chester-White hogs. With such a good start he made fairly rapid progress and now has his farm of 110 acres, having purchased more land, cleared and in a fine state of cultivation. He has built a nine-room house and a basement barn, 36 by 52 feet, also an additional barn, 26 by 50 feet in size, In addition to the three children above mentioned, he and his wife have had three more, born on this farm, Maude, Cedric and Winifred. His present prosperity has been well-earned and he and his family occupy a respected place in the community.

Robert Kurth, bank president, corporation president, public official and man-of-affairs, is one of the leading citizens of Neillsville, and has been closely identified with the county's activities for many years. Born in West Bend, Washington County, this state, April 16, 1866, the son of Charles and Wilhelmina (Gandt) Kurth, he spent his early childhood in his native county, and in 1873 came with his mother and the other children to Grant Township, in this county, where his father had come the previous year to prepare them a home. Here young Robert was reared to farm pursuits, attending the district schools, and giving his parents what assistance he could with the work. For sixteen winters, beginning as a youth, he drove teams in the lumber camps, continuing, however, to devote the remainder of his time, to the home farm. In 1893 he started out for himself by purchasing seventy-nine acres of partly improved land in section 16, Grant Township. He set to work with a will, finished clearing the land, and in time prospered to the extent of adding eighty acres in section 34, and erecting for his residence a comfortable nine-room brick house, as well as a complete set of barns and outbuildings. An industrious worker and genial friend, he soon attained prominence among his neighbors, and aside from achieving prosperity for himself, did most admirable service in various public offices. In 1910 he sold the farm and removed to Neillsville, where he became a dealer in stock, hay and grain. For twelve years he successfully engaged in this business, gradually increasing his acquaintance with the marketing of agricultural products. While thus working, he was impressed with the possibility of this region as the location of a canning plant. Consequently he interested his friends, and as a result, the Neillsville Canning Co, was incorporated with a capital of $15,000, and with Mr. Kurth as president and active manager. In this capacity he has since continued, its growth and success being a marked tribute to his energy and ability. In 1903 realizing the need of a financial institution in his former township he assisted in organizing the Granton State Bank, of which he has been the only president. His financial holdings include stock in the Farmers' and Merchants 'Bank of Greenwod, in the Commercial State Bank of Neillsville, and in the Farmers Co-operative Elevator Co., of Neillsville. Mr. Kurth began his career as a public official in 1893, when he became clerk of School District No. 5, an office which he held with distinction from then until 1910. For ten of these years he was treasurer of Grant Township. In the fall of 1906 he became county treasurer, and did the people most excellent service throughout his term. Soon after his arrival in Neillsville he was elected alderman from the first ward, a position which he still most creditably fills. Fraternally, Mr. Kurth is a popular member ot the Modern Woodmen and the Beavers at Granton. Mr. Kurth was married Feb. 25, 1893, to Paulina Handke, of Grant Township, daughter of Ernest and Amelia (Schaldack) Handke. This union has been blessed with five children: Louise, born Feb. 18, 1895; Hulda, born Jan. 29, 1897; Erwin, born Mar. 19, 1899; Leona, born July 3, 1904; and Dorothy, born Nov, 5, 1906,

Carl Dahnert, proprietor of a farm of 200 acres, in section 2, Levis Township, was born in Brennenberg, Prussia, Aug. 20, 1859, son of William and Mary (Booch) Dahnert. The parents were married in Germany, where five children were born to them: Minnie, August, William, Carl and Ferdinand. The mother died in Germany and William Dahnert, with his son August, soon afterwards came to the United States, locating in Jefferson County, Wis., where August bought a farm. William, after staying there a short time, came to Dane County, to reside with his son Carl, who had also come to the United States and bought a farm in that county. Later he took up his residence again with August, who, in the meanwhile, had moved to Winona, Minn., and with whom he remained until August's death. He then lived with his son William, in Taylor County, where he died, in 1903. Carl Dahnert, while still residing in his native land, worked out during the summer months, attending school in winter, and lived at home until he was 18 years old. He continued working for others until he was 22, and then came alone to America, first working out on a farm in Jefferson County, Wisconsin. He was thus occupied for five years, and during that time, Nov. 6, 1881, he was married to Alvina Symdon, a native of Germany, whose father, Chris Symdon, was a farmer. In 1884 he went, with his wife, to Stoughton, Wis., where he found employment in the grist mill, remaining five years. At the end of that time he bought a farm of eighty acres in Dane County, which was improved, and on which he resided for thirteen years. Then, in 1900, he sold it and, coming to Clark County, bought 200 acres in section 2, Levis Township, this being a partly improved farm. Here he started with four head of cattle, and since then he has cleared eighty acres of the land, erected a fine residence, built a basement barn, 36 by 100 feet in size, a silo of 128 tons capacity, two granaries and a machine shed. He raises Holstein and Durham cattle, and is doing a profitable business. Mr. Dahnert formerly held stock in the creamery. For three years he served as school treasurer. He and his wife have been the parents of ten children: Lena, William, Anna, Charles, Albert,. Herman, Bennie, Henry, Dorothy and Ethel. Lena, who married William Hiking, resides in the village of Neillsville and has eight children - Albert, Frank, Alice, Edna, Harold, Charles, Rosie and Robert. William is in the employ of the International Harvester Company. Anna, who married Frank Francomb, of St. Paul, Minn., is now deceased. Charles married Amelia Dahl and lives in Levis Township. They have one son, Vernon C. Albert, at this writing, is in Texas as a member of Company A, Third Wiseconsin Volunteer Infantry. Herman, who married Anna Seelow, is residing at home. Bennie is a resident of Neillsville. Henry and Ethel are residing at home. Dorothy is the wife of Arnold Wilke, of Neillsville. Mr.

Carl Dahnert And Family

Fred William Neinas, a well-known farmer and general contractor, residing in Fremont Township, was born in Jefferson County, Wis., Aug. 28, 1867, son of Henry and Lotto (Powpofhal) Neinas. The parents, who were born and married in Germany, came to the United States with two children in 1865, taking passage in a sailing vessel. During the voyage, which lasted seventeen weeks, one of the children - Tena - died, and after landing they came with their remaining child to Jefferson County, Wis. There Henry Neinas rented a farm for awhile, operating it until 1870. Then, with his family, he came to Clark County, buying a piece of wild land in section 34, Fremont Township, to which there was no road. Erecting a log building, he began the hard life of a pioneer farmer here with an ox team and one cow. His tract consisted of eighty acres and Humbird was his first market. In course of time he bought eighty acres more and finally got it all cleared, There he remained until the last thirteen years of his life, when, about 1903, he moved to Marshfield, where he died at the age of 77 years, May 5, 1916. His wife died about 1893. Henry Neinas was in his day a prominent citizen of Fremont Township, holding the office of township treasurer for several years, and for a similar length of time being a member of the side board; he also served as school director. He helped to establsh the Methodist Church in the township, and in early days services were often held in his house. Fred William Neinas, generally known as William Neinas, grew to manhood in Fremont Township, in his boyhood attending a log schoolhouse. He began farming for himself in section 3, Lynn Township, buying fifty acres of wild land, which he cleared. He also erected a frame house and a log barn, which latter he later replaced by a frame structure. About three years ago Mr. Neinas sold his farm and took up his residence in Chili, where he now lives. He is a member of the co-operative elevator company and was its manager for one year; he is also a stockholder in the Chili Bank, Mr. Neinas is now doing general contract work throughout this section, and is making a good reputation as a reliable business man. In the fall of 1915 he built the garage where he does general repairing, and handles the Crow-Elkhart car. He was married June 2, 1891, to Anna Guk, daughter of Reinhold and Rose (Bealer) Guk, a native of Germany, and he and his wife have four children: Clarence, Oscar, Emma and Clara, Emma being now the wife of Reinhold Stechert, of Chili. Clarence is a member of Company A, 128th Infantry, U.S. N, G. Oscar and Clara are residing at home.

Jason Phillips, an elderly resident of Chili, Fremont Township, has been a resident of this township for forty-six years, and is one of its most highly respected citizens, having a fine record as a pioneer farmer of Clark County and as a soldier of the Union in the stormy days of the Civil War. He was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., July 12, 1834, son of Eden and Sally (Dresser) Phillips, his mother being a native of New York State. Eden Phillips, the father, was born in Massachusetts, son of Jason Phillips, an Englishman, or of English origin, who settled in this country either towards the end of the colonial period, or soon after the establishment of the United States. There were seven children in the family of Eden and Sally Phillips, Jason being the fifth in order of birth. In his boyhood Jason attended a subscription school in New York state and grew up on his parents' farm. When he was 12 years old his father died, and he had to look after himself. Soon after he took up work on Lake Ontario and followed the water for about two years. At the age of 17 he came to Wisconsin, locating at Hartford, in the vicinity of which he worked on farms. Subsequently he bought a farm on Empire Prairie, sixteen miles north of Madison, but after residing there awhile, sold it and bought a farm in Winnebago County, on which he erected buildings. There he resided two years, during which time he married Lovina Hoadley. Mr. Phillips next moved to Adams County, where he farmed for fifteen years. From there he enlisted in 1861 in Company E, 16th Wisconsin Infantry, being mustered in at Madison. His regiment was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee, and with it he took part in the battle of Shiloh, the siege of Vicksburg, the battles of Corinth and Atlanta, besides a number of skirmishes, being mustered out at Savannah, Ga., Dec. 30, 1864. He then returned home, where he had left his wife, and two children, Emily and Dexter. In 1871 he and his family came to Clark County, locating in Section 36, Fremont Township, where he obtained forty acres of wild land. A road to the vicinity of his place had only just been cut out, Here he built a log house of three rooms, 20 by 22 feet, and started clearing his land with an ox team with which he had driven into the township and county. He also built a frame barn, and as time went on gradually cleared his land, his market being at Neilisville. From 1880 to 1900 he was postmaster of Snow postoffice, which was located at his house. For some time he held office on the district school board, and also served as township assessor. About six years ago Mr. Phillips sold his farm and moved to Chili, where he resides with his second wife, his first wife having died at the age of 40 years. The present Mrs. Phillips, to whom he was married in 1879, was in maidenhood, Avilda Davis. She was born March 5, 1846, daughter of John T. and Eliza (Terrell) Davis, who came to Wisconsin from New York State, locating in Marquette County. Mr. Phillips is a member of James G. Blaine Post, No. 110, G. A. R., of Marshfield, Wis. Of his second marriage no children were born. His daughter Emily now resides at Belfield, N. D. The son, Dexter W. Phillips, was born at Omro, Winnebago County, Wis., Nov. 7, 1855, and has spent the most of his life so far on the farm with his parents. He now owns the west half of the homestead in Fremont Township, and is engaged in farming. For three years, however, he followed railroading, and also spent twelve winters in the woods at lumbering. He was married in January, 1883, to Elizabeth Davis, and has had five children, of whom Lenore is married and lives in Rock Township, Wood County; Wayland F., a locomotive engineer, married Angel, and resides at Gurney, Wis., and Myra M. is a teacher at Hazel, N. Dak.

Henry Stelloh, of Neillsville, who for a number of years carried on agriculture successfully in Pine Valley Township, was born in Hanover, Germany, Aug. 25, 1842, son of Conrad and Margaret (Fink) Stelloh. Henry was one of nine children, the others being Mary, Margaret, Sophia,

Mr. And Mrs. Henry Stelloh

Anna, Detrich, William, Fred and Conrad. The father was a carpenter and Henry learned that trade from him, following it there until reaching the age of 26 years, when, in August, 1868, he set out for the United States, landing in New York after a seventeen days' voyage ina steamer. On August 21st he reached Milwaukee, where he resided and worked at his trade until 1876. In April, 1870, he was married to Amelia Imisch, a native of Saxony, Germany, who came to the United States with her parents, August and Wilhelmina Imisch, when she was six months old. They located first in Racine County, Mr. Imisch afterwards taking a farm in Milwaukee County, which he developed from a primitive condition. In 1876, Henry Stelloh entered into the manufacturing business, making sash and doors, in time developing it into a good business, which he sold. In 1894 he came to Clark County and secured a farm of 102 acres in Section 27, Pine Valley Township, only half an acre of the tract being then cleared, the rest being stump land. There was an old log cabin on the place, which he used for his first residence. The latter has since been replaced by a good eight-room house. He also built a barn 36 by 80 feet in size, and a silo 14 by 28 feet, the barn having a basement with cement floors. Both house and barn are equipped with electric light. Mr. Stelloh raised graded Holstein cattle, graded horses and some hogs, taking special pride in his cows, which were fine animals. He is a shareholder, and was formerly vice president of the Farmers' Cooperative Elevator and Lumber Yard at Neillsville, and was one of the organizers of the Elevator Company. He is also a stockholder in the Pine Valley Butter Company, of which he is also president, and in the Wausau Packing Company. As one of the prominent citizens of his township he served two terms on the township board, as supervisor, and was for six years a member of the school board. Mr. Stelloh also helped to organize the Reformed Church, which formerly had a small building in the township, but now worship in a neat edifice in town. He served as a member of its board from its organization until within the last few years. In February, 1917, he retired from his farm and bought a pleasant home in Neillsville. My. Stelloh's first wife, Amelia, died March 13, 1913, at the age of 62 years. Their children were: Emma, wife of Fred Zank of Pine Valley Township; Anna, now Mrs. Magnus Miller, of Milwaukee; Ella, wife of William Stockwell, of Pine Valley Township; Clara, residing at home; Henry, who lives in Milwaukee, and Conrad and Fred and Edward, who are associated together in the implement business in Neillsville, under the firm name of Stelloh Brothers. After the death of his first wife, Mr. Stelloh married Anna Rosing, who came to the United States in 1886, and who now is with him in Neillsville.

Henry Nebel, a prosperous citizen of Fremont Township, where he is engaged in dairying and raising chickens, having won success in both avocations, was born in Hanover, Germany, Oct. 7, 1880, son of William and Louise (Knigge) Nebel. The father, William, was born in Hanover Sept. 18, 1844, and there grew to manhood, being married to Louise Knigge May 20, 1870. She was born in Hanover Jan. 16, 1850, her father being a farmer. After the marriage of William Nebel he remained in his native land and farmed there for about twenty-three years. Then, in 1893, he came to the United States, locating in Illinois, where he remained for two years - and a halt, working out for others. Being now ready to start in for himself, he and his family remoyed to Clark County, Wis., buying forty acres of wild land in Section 21, Fremont Township, on which he built a log house and barn, which are still standing. William and his wife were accompanied to this county by four children, two others having come previously, A list of their children is as follows: Bertha, now the wife of Louis Schilling, a Clark County farmer; Mary, wife of Anton Grimm, a farmer of Fremont Township, Clark County; William, who is now in California; Minnie, wife of Herman Dankmeyer, of Chili, Wis.; Henry, subject of this sketch, and Ferdinand, who resides on the home farm. Henry Nebel attended school for six years in Germany, and two years in this country - in Illinois. He remained with his father until he was 26 years old, and was then married Dec, 20, 1906, to Ida Lindow, daughter of Louis Lindow, elsewhere menticned in this volume, After his marriage, Mr. Nebel settled on his own farm of forty acres, which he had bought a year and a half before in Section 28, Fremont Township, and here he built a seven-room house and a barn, 38 by 72 feet in size. Besides being engaged in general farming and dairying, he has a large flock, and takes pride in, of White Leghorn chickens, which he has been very successful in raising. He is also a director of the Bank at Chili; president of the local Equity Association; vice president of the Elevator Company at Chili and a shareholder in the Wausau Packing Company. As a loyal citizen of his township he has rendered efficient service as school clerk. He and his wife are the parents of three children: Freda, born Sept. 25, 1910; Mildred, born Oct. 18, 1913, and Lillian, born Feb, 23, 1916.

Timothy Fisk Lee, popularly known as "Fisk," proprietor of a 200-acre farm in Fremont Township, was born in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., June 23, 1854, son of Aaron C. and Prudence L. (Sampson) Lee. The father, Aaron, was born in Lincoln, Vt., April 18, 1809, and his wife, Prudence, at Crown Point, N. Y., June 9, 1816. They were married April 8, 1835, and had a family of nine children, who were born as follows: Andrew J., May 16, 1837; Josephus, July 17, 1838; Ruth, Sept. 28, 1843; Chloe, Feb. 26, 1846; Wright L., Noy. 28, 1847; Eli, May 7, 1850; Augusta, Jan. 4, 1852; T. Fisk, June 23, 1854, and Orrin, Sept. 20, 1856. The son, Andrew, served as a soldier in the Civil War. Aaron C. Lee, the father, though a native of Vermont, passed nearly all his life in New York State, being a farmer and carpenter by occupation. Timothy Fisk Lee was educated in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., and grew to manhood on the farm, where he remained until reaching the age of 21 years. He then rented the parental homestead and farmed for himself until 1878, when he came to Clark County, Wis., this being several years after his marriage. Here he located on a tract of wild land in Section 31, Fremont Township. There were no buildings on the land, nor were there any roads to it. He and his family made the journey by way of Humbird, from which place they went by stage to Neillsville, at the latter place being met by Ford W. Davis, who drove them to their place, having to cut a road through the woods for the last mile. For the first two years Mr. Lee rented the place, starting with one cow, and building a log barn and frame house. He began clearing the land with a team of horses, but later traded them for oxen, which most of the early settlers used; but not being expert in handling an ox team, he went back to horses again, and in time finished clearing his land. Beginning with seventy acres, he has since increased the size of his farm to 200 acres, and has built a barn, 36 by 50 feet, and two silos, one 14 by 30 and the other 12 by 30 feet in size. He keeps pure-bred Durham cattle, Percheron horses, of which he has some fine specimens, and Poland-China hogs, and formerly he raised Shropshire sheep. Besides carrying on general farming, Mr, Lee is a stockholder in the creamery at Granton, the elevator at Chili and the packing plant at Wausau. For a number of years he has served as treasurer of the school board, and is a citizen who, by his own exertions, with the help of a good wife, has gained an honorable place in the community and achieved prosperity. Mr. Lee was married in Lawrence County, N. Y., Jan. 29, 1874, to Mary Wright, who was born in Essex County, Vt., June 5, 1854, daughter of Henry and Julia (Elliott) Wright, her parents being farming people. Her father had been first married to Mariah Elliott, by whom he had five children - Henry, Julia, Charles, Thomas and infant. By his second marriage to Julia Elliott, there were three children - Joseph, John and Mary. Mr. and Mrs. Lee have had six children, the two eldest of whom were born in New York State, and accompanied them to Clark County. The record is as follows: Ara, who married Floyd King, and has five children - Myrle, Lloyd, Lillian, Forrest and Clare; Ernest, residing in Fremont Township, who married Catherine Winsel, and has two children - Wensel and Marian; Earl, who died at the age of four months; Vinton, a resident of Neillsville, who married Anna Grade; Dale, who married Asenath Davis, and has two children - Edna and Guila; and Ruth, wife of Howard Erwin, who has one child - Beulah Lee.

Edward Schroeder, the present postmaster of the village of Granton, Grant Township, was born in Saxony Germany, Dec. 12, 1869, son of Gottlieb and Marie (Stange) Schroeder. The father, who was a mason by trade, died at the age of 50 years, when his son Edward was 4 years old. There were five children in the family - Amelia, Otto, Gottlieb, Edward and Ernest. In September, 1882, the widowed mother, Mrs. Marie Schroeder, came to the United States, accompanied by all her children, except Gottlieb, who had preceded them by six months, locating in Neillsville, Clark County, where a cousin, Carl Stange, resided. On arriving here Mrs. Schroeder bought sixty acres of land in Washburn Township, all wild except twelve acres, the tract being situated in Section 12, Township 24 West, There were several shacks on the place, and the family, having a yoke of cattle, set to work unitedly to clear and develop the land into a farm. Their supplies were obtained at Neillsville, to and from which place they were often obliged to walk. There Mrs. Schroeder died, May 2, 1917. Edward Schroeder acquired his education in Germany, except for three months during which he attended an English school here. He grew to manhood on his mother's farm and then became head sawyer in a sawmill, which position he held for ten or twelve years. Then, having purchased a farm in Washburn Township, he spent two years in operating it, improving the place from a half-wild tract covered with stumps to a tillable farm with good buildings. At the end of that period he engaged in the lumber business in Granton as manager of the Connor Retail Lumber Company, and was thus occupied for ten years. In March, 1914, he was appointed to his present position as postmaster of Granton, in which he is serving to the general satisfaction of the public. He is a member of the Masonic lodge at Neillsville, and has a wide acquaintance throughout this part of Clark County, but is a man of quiet, domestic tastes. Mr. Schroeder was first married in 18 - , to Norah Cramer, daughter of Peter Cramer, of Washburn. She died in 1893, leaving one child, Norman, now a school teacher in Grant Township. Mr. Schroeder subsequently married for his second wife, Stella Babcock, daughter of Charles Babcock, a pioneer of Neillsville, where he now resides. The children of this second marriage are Charles E., Marie and Marion, all residing at home. ;

John F, Lindow, who has been engaged in agricultural work in Fremont Township for the last twenty-seven years, and has developed two good farms, was born in Calumet County, Wis., April 14, 1868, son of Frederick and Eliza (Niemberg) Lindow. Frederick, the father, was a native of Germany, born in Brandenberg. He came to the United States with two children - Augusta and William - landing, after a voyage of six weeks in a sailing vessel. Soon after reaching Wisconsin the wife died, and Frederick was subsequently married in Fond du Lac, this state, to Eliza Niemberg, who was a native of Pommern, Germany. About that time, or soon after, he drove with his family by ox team from Fond du Lac County to Calumet County, where he settled on forty acres of wild land. On this he first built a log house, later erecting good farm buildings, and increasing the size of his farm by the purchase of 100 acres more. He became a prominent man in the township, often holding local office, and services of the Evangelical Church, to which he belonged, were frequently held in his house. He died at the age of 66 years, but his wife is still living, being now close to 80 years old. Their children were: Ernest, Louis, Fred, John F., Dan, Emil, Adolph (now deceased), Martha, August and Ida. John F. Lindow acquired the elements of knowledge in the district school, and was reared to manhood on his parents' farm in Calumet County. Coming to Clark County in 1890, he bought eighty acres of timbered land in Section 34, Fremont Township, and for two years led a bachelor's life, during which time he built a frame house and log barn, beginning farming operations with a team and two cows. When ready to begin domestic life, he was married, July 26, 1892, to Ida Luckow, a native of Calumet County, Wis., and daughter of Herman and Caroline (Lopas) Luckow. He and his wife cleared the eighty acres and then, or before, bought eighty more in Sections 21 and 19, Fremont Township, which farm their son Arthur is now operating. They also built a basement barn, 40 by 70 feet, a silo, 12 by 33 feet, and a modern frame house. Mr. Lindow has attained a recognized place in the township as one of its representative citizens. He has served as township supervisor and as school treasurer, is a member of the Lynn Telephone Company, which he has served as director, and of the Farmers' Co-operative Elevator Company, of Chili. He and his wife are members of the Evangelical Church,

Custis H. Clute, president of the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Greenwood, Wis., was born on a farm in Marion Township, Juneau County, Wis., the place or locality being known as Mauston, on Sept. 17, 1859, son of Dow and Mary (Chamberlain) Clute. The father was born on a farm in New York, and was a son of Jacob Clute, a farmer of that state, who was of German descent. Jacob Clute died when Dow Clute was but 3 years old, at which time Dow Clute was placed with an uncle, Jacob Towle, a man with a good military record, having taken part in two wars, the War of 1812 and the Civil War, in which latter he served from 1861 to 1865, or until its close. He subsequently became a pioneer settler in Wisconsin. Dow Clute was a child of three years when he came West with his uncle. It was a long journey, as it was made with a wagon and ox team all the way from New York State. At Milwaukee they halted to do some trading and purchase supplies, though, as the year was 1849, that place was then but a small village. They settled at or near Delavan, where, or in which vicinity Dow passed his early years. Later, he became a pioneer in Marion Township, Juneau County, starting on a wild tract of prairie land on the river, from which he developed a fine farm. For many years he was an extensive hop buyer. He was one of the prominent citizens of his township, at various times holding local office, but after spending many years in that locality, he returned to Mauston, Juneau County, where he spent his last years. He and his wife had six children, of whom Custis H. was the third in order of birth. Custis H. Clute was educated in the district school, at Mauston high school and the University of Valparaiso, Ind. For a while after beginning business life he was engaged in the fire insurance business in South Dakota. Then, returning to Wisconsin, he became connected with the machinery business, afterwards entering into real estate ventures. On Feb. 14, 1895, he located in Greenwood, Clark County, engaging in the farm machinery business. Here he soon launched out into the real estate business, in which he has since continued, at the present time holding a large amount of Clark County land. In the fall of 1912 Mr. Clute, with others, organized the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Greenwood, with 112 stockholders, principally farmers. The institution was capitalized at $30,000, with $3,000 surplus. The first officers were: Charles Cornelius, president; C. H. Clute, vice president; J. H. Huntzicker, vice president and cashier; Arthur Buker, assistant cashier. In 1915 certain changes took place in the official board, C. H. Clute becoming president; H. F. Stabnow and George A. Dre, vice presidents; with E. Robert Brown and A. C. Buker as cashier and assistant cashier, respectively. The institution, which is a state and county depositary, has proved highly beneficial to the farmers in supplying them with funds with which to buy their cattle and stock, accepting one-half their cream checks in exchange for the amounts advanced, until paid. In this way the farmers, almost unconsciously, have acquired a good working basis, enabling them to take prompt advantage of business opportunities - a purpose which Mr. Clute had in mind from the beginning, being thus far in advance of the government plan having the same object. Mr. Clute is also vice president of the Farmers' Co-operative Store in Greenwood, and has been a moving spirit in every new enterprise for the material advantage of the community since he took up his residence here, in which kind of work he takes a keen pleasure. He was formerly a member of the city council, but now gives his whole attention to the bank and the business enterprises in which he is engaged. Mr. Clute was married Nov. 7, 1888, to Della Babcock, who was born in Mauston, Wis., daughter of Charles and Sarah Ann (Fluno) Babcock, her father being a pioneer farmer of that locality. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Clute: Leon, now engaged in the automobile business in Greenwood, who married Tensenia Haglund, and has one child, Geraldine; Richard, who is attending the School of Pharmacy at Marquette, and Gertrude May, a graduate of the University of Valparaiso, Ind., who formerly taught school in Clark County, but now resides in Chicago.

Adolph B. Matthias, a progressive and successful farmer of Hoard Township, of which he is one of the leading citizens, was born in Milwaukee, Wis., Feb. 26, 1844, son of Julius and Wilhelmina (Roggenbuk) Matthias. The parents, who were natives of Germany, came to America when young, the grandfather, Matthias, buying 160 acres of land, now forming part of the site of Milwaukee, for $1.25 an acre. This purchase was made in 1834. The parents of our subject moved to Sheboygan County in 1853, buying a farm there, on which Julius Matthias died at the age of 75 years in 1881. His wife died in 1878, at the age of 62. They had seven children: Adolph B., of Hoard Township, Clark County; Herman, who resides at Antigo, Wis.; Otto, of Sheboygan County, Wis.; Henriette and Augusta (twins), Henriette living in Niagara, Wis., and Augusta being dead, and Wilhelmina, who lives in Sheboygan County. Adolph B. Matthias finished his schooling at Plymouth, and resided at home until 1861. He then enlisted in the Eighth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, being mustered in at Madison, Wis., and serving under Generals Grant and Sherman in the Army of the Tennessee. He took part in the battles of Corinth, Ft. Donelson, Vicksburg and Nashville, Tenn., being at Vicksburg at the time that city surrendered. From a private he was promoted to the rank of sergeant, and after the surrender of Vicksburg went to Mobile, Ala., among the other engagements in which he took part, being those of Missionary Creek, Mechanicsburg, Richmond and the opening of the Mississippi. In 1865 he received an honorable discharge at Demopolis, Ala., and returned to Plymouth, Sheboygan County, Wis., where he learned the blacksmiths' trade. In 1870 he came to Clark County and homesteaded 160 acres of land in what is now Section 36, Hoard Township. Here he erected a log cabin and as soon as possible secured a yoke of oxen. In 1876 he built a frame addition to his house, residing there until 1915, when he moved to his present location in Section 33. His farm consists of 200 acres in Section 36 and the forty in Section 33, his residence being in Section 33. One hundred and sixty acres of the home farm is now owned and operated by his son, Franklin, while forty acres is owned and operated by his youngest son, Adolph. Mr. Matthias has also at different times bought other tracts of land, and is one of the prosperous and enterprising farmers of his township. He is engaged largely in dairying, having been one of the first farmers in the vicinity to devote special attention to that industry. He raises Guernsey cattle, graded, and milks as many as twenty cows. On various occasions he has served in public office, having been elected school clerk in 1872 and 1880, being chairman of Hoard Township board in 1891, and a member of the board several different times. In 1891, when the township was organized, he was elected justice of the peace, and served in that office until 1915. His connection with the school board, in different offices, has lasted from the organization of the district up to the present time. In politics he is a Republican. Mr. Matthias was married April 5, 1873, to Ernestena Stange, who was born in Germany and came to this country with her parents when young, the family settling in Loyal Township, Clark County, in 1871. He and his wife have five children and nine grandchildren, the children being Franklin, of Hoard Township; Alfred, of Seattle, Wash.; Emil, of Green Grove Township; Annie, now Mrs. R. H. Meyer, of Athens, Wis., and Adolph, of Hoard Township. Of those who are married, Franklin has four children - Emil, one; Alfred, one, and Annie, three.

Joseph Frank Susa, proprietor of a good farm in Section - , Eaton Township, was born in Schlossen, Germany, Sept. 26, 1857. His father was Albert Susa, and the maiden name of his mother was Hattie (or Hedwick) Kaluski. Both were natives of Germany, where they died after spending their lives as farmers. Their children were Joseph, Hedwick, Catherine, Marie, Peter, Sophia and Frank. Joseph was the only member of the family to come to the United States, which he did in 1883. Locating in Buffalo County, Wis., he worked on farms there, remaining three years on one place. On May 4, 1886, he was married to Susanna Weisenberger, who was born in Harrison County, Ind., Dec. 31, 1863, daughter of Jacob and Constina (Schunblock) Weisenberger. Her father had come with his parents to Indiana from Germany when he was 15 years old, her mother coming in similar manner at the age of two. They were married in Indiana and located in Buffalo County, Wis., in 1863, locating on a farm in the woods, there being but few settlers there at the time. Like most other pioneers, his first residence was a log house, but later he erected better buildings. Using an ox team in early days he developed a farm on which he spent the rest of his life. The nearest town was Arcadia. A Catholic in religion, he helped to build the Catholic Church at Waumandee, Mr. and Mrs, Susa resided in Buffalo County until 1895, and had three children born there - Joseph, Albert and John. In that year they came to Clark County, Mr. Susa buying 280 acres of land in Eaton Township, There was no road past the place, and the land was covered with timber, and was destitute of buildings. The last defect he soon remedied by erecting a two-room log house, 20 by 30 feet in size, and a log barn. He had brought two cows and two horses with him, together with a dozen chickens. Here he has since remained, having in the meanwhile made many improvements on his place, and also bought 120 acres more land. He now has a good brick residence of eight rooms, and a basement barn, 40 by 72 feet in dimensions, and keeps a good grade of stock. He has a large sheep range, including 100 sheep. He has served one term as a member of the school board. Mr. Susa is a mem- ber of the Catholic Church. In addition to the children above mentioned, three others have been born to them in Clark County: Paul, Hattie and Sophia.

Martin Luther Jenkins, proprietor of one of the finest farms in Eaton Township, and a man widely known and highly esteemed for his personal qualities, was born on a farm in Jefferson County, N. Y., May 22, 1839, son of Luther and Lydia B. (Wood) Jenkins. The father, Luther, who was of Welch descent, was born in the State of New York, and came to Calumet County, Wis., in 1852, being accompanied by his wife and six children: Martin L., Raymond W., Lydia B. W., Adelaide E., George D. B. and Hannah. Two other children, Mary and Amstress, remained behind in New York. Subsequently, on the death of Mary, Amstress settled in Michigan, who married Lyman Miner, a lake captain. On locating in Calumet County, Wis., Luther Jenkins got a tract of 180 acres, to which he later added sixty more. It was all wild land, there were no buildings nor was there any road past the place. He, accordingly, built a log house of three rooms and attic measuring 24 by 28 feet, in which he and his family took up their residence. Though he started with nothing - neither stock nor implement - he soon got cows and oxen and by dint of hard work gradually progressed until in the end he had a good farm and was one of the prosperous citizens of his township. He lived to the advanced age of 84 years, his wife dying at that of 85. They were members of the Baptist Church, and in early days services were often held in his log house, being participated in by him and his family and a few neighbors, the nearest church edifice of that denomination being four or five miles away. Later, a church was erected on a portion of his farm, Among his other claims to respect, he had fought as a soldier in the War of 1812. Martin Luther Jenkins was the youngest member of his parents' family, and was 13 years of age when they settled in Calumet County. It may be mentioned incidentally that he is the only one now left. He first attended school in New York State, and later, for a while, in Calumet County, but his education was not prolonged, as, like most farmers' boys in those early days, when pioneer work had to be done, his services were needed on the farm. This he helped his father to clear and in doing so acquired a large amount of practical knowledge that came in useful to him later. At the age of 17 he began working for other settlers, helping them to cut timber and clear their farms, and this he continued to do for a number of years. His steady course of industrial activity was interrupted by the Civil War, in which he took part as a soldier of the North, enlisting at Menasha, Winnebago County, Wis., in 1861, as a member of Company C, Tenth Wisconsin Infantry, and being mustered in at Milwaukee, The regiment was sent to Louisville, Ky., and he subsequently took part in a number of hard fought battles, serving three years and two months. He was twice wounded; first at the battle of Stone River, where a bullet struck him in the left jaw, inflicting a severe wound, from which he slowly recovered in the hospital at Nashville. The family still have the bullet in their possession. His second wound, in the left ankle, was received at Chicamauga, and he spent some time in the hospitals at Chattanooga and Nashville. At the close of the war he was mustered out at Milwaukee, and returned to Calu- met County. On Nov. 16, 1863, Martin L. Jenkins was married to Helen A. Scott, who was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., Nov. 5, 1842, daughter of Ephram W. and Sarah (Averil) Scott. Her father was a native of Middletown, Vt., and her mother of Plattsburg, N. Y. They were married in New York and came to Calumet County, Wis., in 1852, with nine children: Andrew J., Miriam R., Hanah E., Mary L., Amanda S., Helen A., Henry K., Sanford and Merton. One other, Fred, remained behind in New York, and still another, Corlyn, had died in that state. Mr. Scott secured a tract of land in Calumet County and spent the rest of his active career in developing it. He died there at the age of 84 years, his wife passing away at the much earlier age of 56. They had four sons and four sons-in-law, who served in the Civil War, in which one of the sons and one of the sons-in-law were killed, the others surviving. After his marriage and return from the war Martin S. Jenkins located on a piece of wild land in Calumet County, of which he cleared about half. He then sold out with the intention of removing to the far West, there being a large emigration in that direction, but changed his mind and rented a farm in Calumet County, which he operated until he came to Clark County in 1900, Here he bought a tract of wild land of 160 acres in Section 35, Eaton Township, which forms a part of his present, though the size of the farm has since been increased to 226 acres by subsequent purchases. He and his wife had by this time three children, Ralph M., George H. and Mary A., and Mr. Jenkins rented a place to live in until he could erect a house. His history since that time has been one of steady progression upwards, and in the development of the farm his son George, who has been associated with him, has materially contributed, and now may be said to take a leading part in its management, They are raising fine Jersey cattle, the first cow of this breed having been presented to Mrs. Jenkins from the old Sawyer stock in Oshkosh, when the family resided in Calumet County. They now have about twenty cows, the average milk production of the herd being about 11,000 pounds per month, giving a test of about 5 per cent butter fat. The test of the original Jersey cow they owned was as high as 9 per cent. They also breed a good grade of Percheron and Clyde horses, and Poland-China hogs. Another branch of industry carried on on the farm by the daughter, Mary, is the breeding of Plymouth Rock, Barred Rock and Rose Comb Leghorn chickens, by which they clear $1.40 per hen. George H. Jenkins is a stockholder in the cheese factory in Eaton Township, being also a director of the same; he is also a stockholder in the Black River Telephone Company, and in the Wausau Packing Company. Ralph M. is now a resident of Chicago. The latter married Sabina Miracle, and has one child, Helen E.

Leo Augustus Kleinschmidt, a prosperous citizen of Lynn Township, who is engaged in the pursuit of agriculture, was born in a log house on his parents' homestead in Section 1, this township, Nov. 19, 1865, son of George Kleinschmidt, his mother's maiden name being Wilhelmina Caroline Louisa Retzlaff. In his boyhood he attended the log schoolhouse in District 2, and later, when not helping to clear the home farm, worked at logging in the woods, in the winter, going on the drive in spring. At the age of 27 years he was married to Anna Barth, who was born in Calumet County, daughter of Ernest Barth, a settler in Section 1. About the time of his marriage he got a tract of 160 acres in Section 12, Lynn Township, on which there were no buildings, though two acres of the land were cleared. On this tract he built a frame house and subsequently bought 110 acres more land. Since he came to the place he has made many improvements on it, developing it into a good farm. He keeps a good grade of stock, giving special attention to Holstein and Guernsey cattle, Mr. Kleinschmidt is also a member of the Co-operative Creamery Company at Nasonville, of which he was vice president for two years, and of the Farmers' Elevator at Chili, besides being a stockholder in the Bank of Chili. He has a good basement barn, measuring 36 by 70 feet, and his residence is a commodious dwelling of nine rooms. For the last ten years he has been a member of the township board, and was clerk of the board for three years. He served as a member of the school board twenty-five years. He is now township treasurer. His wife is a member of the Royal Neighbors connected with the camp of Modern Woodmen of America, No. 2543. They have four children: Leona, who is engaged in teaching; William H., who was educated in the district school; Lula, who is a teacher; Stella, and William H., who is serving as an apprentice seaman in the U.S. Navy.

F., Louis Kleinschmidt, a prominent citizen of Lynn Township, residing on the old Kleinschmidt homestead in Section 1, was born on this homestead Dec. 16, 1867, son of George and Wilhelmina Caroline Louisa (Retzlaff) Kleinschmidt. With the exception of a short time spent in lumbering and mill work, he has always resided on this farm, which he helped to improve, owning 120 acres of the original tract belonging to his father, and carrying on general farming with success. Mr. Kleinschmidt never cared for office, but has always done his duty as a citizen. He is a member of Lodge No. 224 of Marshfield, and Chapter No. 64, R. A. M., of Neillsville. He has never married. A genial and hospitable man, he is popular among a wide circle of acquaintances.

George Kleinschmidt, a pioneer settler of Lynn Township, now deceased, was born in Pommern, Germany, March 24, 1825. On April 25, 1850, he was married in that country to Wilhelmina Caroline Louisa Retzlaff. It was not long after their marriage - being in the early part of the fifth decade - that they emigrated to the United States, landing in this country after a voyage of forty-four days, and proceeding West to Milwaukee, Mr. Kleinschmidt was a farmer by occupation, and after coming to Wisconsin, worked on farms near Cedarburg, not many miles north of Milwaukee, The winters, however, he spent in logging. In 1856 he and his family, with two other families, left for Clark County, making the journey with wagons and ox teams, After arriving at Pleasant Ridge, Mr, Kleinschmidt had to chop his way to Section 1, Lynn Township, where he had obtained eighty acres of land. The first winter he and his wife lived with the Yonke family, and he fed the cattle on brush. He chopped ten acres of timber on the Yonke place that winter at $10 an acre. The next spring he erected a log building on his place, he and his wife moving into it May 10, 1857. Besides their ox team they had one cow. Provisions had to be obtained at Nellisville, and carried on the back through the woods. Mr.