Jefferson County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1879 (part 21 of 28)

Horace Churchill and Hamilton McCuUom were in charge of the saw-mill in 1837 and 1838. William Reynolds moved to Wisconsin in 1836, and to Hebron in 1838, and settled on :he farm adjoining the one where he lived for twenty years previous to his death, which occurred n September, 1878. Samuel M. Jones and Darius F. Jones settled in town during the sumner of 1838 ; Harrison P. Willard, in 1839. William Whapples and David Bartlett came luring the summer of 1836, and to Hebron in 1841, and opened up farms on Sections 3 and 4. Fonas Folts came to Wisconsin in 1835, made his first purchase of property in Milwaukee and nade a tour into the interior, going as fiir as Janesville, or where Janesville now is. There was lot a single house between Milwaukee and Rock River at that time. He returned East in the "all, was married, and came to Milwaukee with his wife in the spring of 1836 and erected a louse. During the summer, he moved to the town of Summit, Waukesha County, and opened ip a farm, where he continued to reside until 1841, then moved to the State of New York, yhcre he remained until his return to Wisconsin in the spring of 1843, when he bought out David Rartlett, and, by other purchases, he had a farm of 500 acres, and here he made his home iiitil his death, June 24, 1876, except one year at Jefferson, in 1847, when he was Register of Deeds.

Holsey J. Munro and David S. AVilcox settled on the farms where they continue to reside, n 1842. William Grant made a claim near Cushman's Mill in 1842, but sold it and purchased I farm, the one on which he has continued to reside since 1843, except the years he was Register )f Deeds and County Treasurer. His settlement dates from 1842.

AVilcox, James St. John, Amos H. Burnham, George Burnham and their father James Burn him, Jesse Wright, Adin Reynolds, Daniel Case, Orin Clark, Richard Rhodes, H. M. Johnson. E. H. and Jabez Hubbard and Sylvester Fox, came and made settlements in 1845 and 1846 Enoch J. Higbee, Freeman Martin, William Noyes, with his sons William H., Simon H., Henr) and Wilder, and the Hays family, came in 1847.

The following are the names of those who have lived in Hebron and have been called tc honorable positions in public life : Samuel T. Clothier. First Constitutional Convention, in 184(5 Jonas Folts, Second Constitutional Convention, in 1847 ; George Trucks, H. K. Zimmermar and Al^nzo Brown, Sheriffs of Jefferson County ; Jonas Folts, Willard Grant, Registers o Deeds ; Charles T. Clothier, Clerk of Circuit Court ; D. F. Jones, Willard Grant, County Treasurers; Edward Vincent, Samuel T. Clothier, H. D. Barrow, Willard Grant, Jonas Folts members of the Wisconsin Assembly : Harrison Hutchins, Joseph E. Atwater, members of tli( Minnesota Legislature.

Daniel Bullock, the manager and Superintendent of the Wisconsin Manufacturing Com pany, made his first settlement in Hebron, and was employed by Mr. Powers, as a wood-turner

Dr. F. B. Brewer, of Fairbury, 111., has met with great suc'cess in the practice of his profession, and his wife, the daughter of J. B. Miner, has achieved great popularity as a concert singer throughout Wisconsin, and being well known, her services, as a singer, are frequently called in requisition in the cities of Chicago, Milwaukee and Madison. There might be main incidents related of early times, but want of space precludes it.

A Woman For A Doi,Lar

Walter Searls sold his wife to George Orcutt, the consideration being $1, he (Searls] releasing all his right, title and interest in the " jroods." Searls was a shiftless sort of a fellow, with a disposition to appropriate other people's property to himself, while Orcutt was a self reliant, wide-awake man - a blacksmith ; the woman, spirited and not .satisfied with her lot, was pleased to have the bargain consummated. Mr. and Mrs. Orcutt have been prosperous, and are respected citizens of a thriving town in an adjoining county.

H. J. Munro brought with him a dog, a cro-!S of the Newfoundland and bull terrier. " Cease " was fiimous as being the only dog that would give battle to the big gray wolf. He would close in with a wolf or wolves, no matter how great the odds were against him, and many a battle he had. At one time, a large, gray wolf was trapped, taken to a stable and let loose. Dogs were put into the stable with the wolf, but one snap from the animal would send them howling to a corner. Finally, old " Cease " was put in, and immediately closed with the wolf, and would have killed him had he been let alone. " Cease " would follow unerringly the tracks of a wounded deer. When he caught a deer, he would make a meal, then lie down, and witli howls, let his master know of his whereabouts. He was as well known as any of the old pioneers in the " settlement." His death was caused by the falling of a tree. His owner, Robert Wilson, mourned his death almost as he would one of his children.

D F. Jones and his brother Samuel kept ''bach" for ten years, and their shanty was the place where the weary wayfarer could find shelter and food. D. F.'s culinary acquirements were famed from Rock River to the lakes. The brotiiers owned a single-barreled shot-gun. and, when pointed at game, would, like Crocket's coon, come right down. When loaded too heavy, its recoil was simply immense, and it was the custom of the last one that used it to leave a charge in it, then find some game that needed shooting and call for some one to come and ihoot, tlie result being that the shoutist would be prone upon the c^round with a painful shoulder )r fiice, most likely both. Willard Grant was at one time making the ferry of Bark River in a, canoe, the gun being placed the nearest to him intentionally, and, as some ducks were flying )ver, his companions called on him to shoot, the result being a man overboard and " Plausam " the name of the gun) to the bottom, where it remained some months. It is needless to add that when the wet man gained the shore, there was no one near enough for him to vent his wrath ipon. Many and many the joke that was played upon the unsophisticated with '' Old Plausam."

Mrs. Mark Curtis is the oldest native-born person that was born in Wisconsin. She was jorn October 3, 1838, in the town of Summit, Waukesha County.

Dr. S. G. Pickett is one of the oldest practitioners of medicine in the State. He came to iVisconsin in 1836 and has been in active practice of his profession ever since.

Lyman Doud, the owner of the Hebron Flour-Mills, has been in business since 1842, his irst settlement being at Kenosha, and was one of the founders of the village of Port Washing- ;on, Washington County.

Henry Carey's theory seemed to hold good in the settlement of the town of Hebron, that uen never opened up the richest part of the country first, for it took more means where the soil was very rich than where it was poor - not that the soil of the timbered land is necessarily poorer m quality than on the openings or prairie, but that it took less to make a start in the tiraberands than on the prairie. The timber was at hand, and a man could cut enough for a fair-sized ;og house in two days. Another day with the help of neighbors would roll it up, and a week's work of one man would get out the " shakes " and put on the roof, and if the settler was very poor, and a long ways from a saw-mill, he would get out logs and spot them down for the floor. Often, when unable to own a stove, the chimney and fire-place were made of mud and sticks, riius a comfortable dwelling would be erected by an outlay of a trifle for glass, and, in many instances, oiled paper, taking the place of glass. So, in clearing and fencing, a single yoke of 3xen suiBced for all the team-work. Three or four acres were usually cleared the first year and planted to corn and potatoes, and, after a year or two, enough would be cleared for wheat,and as the country settled, there sprung up a demand for portions of the timber, first being for the better 3lass of saw-lo2S and hewing timber, then staves for barrels. After awhile there came a limited demand for cord-wood. Charcoal burning was one of the industries that engaged quite a number, md in time the timber would pay for clearing the land, as it became worth something, and For the last ten or fifteen years the standing timber has been worth from $25 to $75 an acre. As timber became scarce men turned their attention to farming, and for the past few years dairying has occupied their attention. During the year 1878, there were nearly five hundred thousand pounds of cheese made in the town, and, in 1879, about the same amount. The assessed valuation of the town in 1878 was over half a million dollars. The total number of acres of land is 18,318 ; almost one-third is marsh. Of the balance, which was heavy timber, but comparatively little yet remains save in a few instances. Cyrus Cushman has some two hundred acres - the estate of Jonas Folts fifty acres, and the estate of A. H. Burnham fifty acres; H. J. Munro, fifty acres ; estate of John Evans about the same amount. The town has not one dollar of corporate indebtedness. Only one school district is in debt, and this year it has made the necessary provisions for paying it. The farmers throughout the town are free from debt as a general thing. The habit of running in debt at the stores has never prevailed to any great e.xtent ; perhaps, for the reason that the first settlers were limited in resources, consequently their credit was the same, and the habit formed of paying for what they bought has been adhered to.

There is one grist-mill, three run of stone, Lyman Droud, proprietor ; one mill for grinding feed, one run of stone, and a saw-mill belonging to the Wisconsin Manufacturing Company, of Fort Atkinson. Cyrus Cushman owns a saw-uiill and has in connection with it a run ol stone for grinding feed. Two general stores, A. F. Windau and Robert Krause, proprietors; two shoe-shops, Herman Rohde and Frederick Sipperb, proprietors ; one repair-shop, run bj F. B. Stiigg ; two blacksmith-shops, Bernard Grogan and Michael Grogan, proprietors ; Chris topher Grogan manufactures wagons ; one sorghum manufactory, L. B. Green, proprietor : foui cheese- factories, one of which is owned and managed by the Cold Spring Cheese Company, Of the other three - the Whitney and the Schleickenraair - Messrs. Clark and Reynolds are the proprietors. The Excelsior Cheese Company, of Oakland, are also interested in the management. There are three practicing physicians in the toivn. Alonzo McDaniels (Eclectic), S. G. Pickett and James Mahan (old school). The estate of John A. Wilcox owns a cider-mill, and some years manufactures six to eight hundred barrels of cider.

William Reynolds was the first permanent settler in Hebron, Cyrus Curtis the first one in the town of Sullivan. He built the first house. Cyrus Cushman was the first man to wintei in the town of Sullivan, being the winter of 1837-38. Cushman built the second house am] Crowder the third. Alexander Henderson was the first settler of the town of Cold Spring (1837), and Abram Brink, of Brink's Mill, the second (1838). The people who first settled in Hebron, came from many different States, some from Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Xew York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana. Each came with strong convictions that the customs and laws from the locality from which he emigrated were the best, and men with wills and courage enough to hew homes for themselves out of the solid forest, were not ready to yield and give up without a struggle their long-established opinions. There was the usual bickering aboul roads and bridges, which are incident to the settlement of a new country. Their necessities caused them to form habits of concession. Men that backed a set of drag teeth or a plow, were not slow in coming to an agreement as to where was the proper place to locate a road or bridge. Those who have resided in Hebron are now to be found in as many different States as the States from which they came. Many of them live in Oregon, California, Colorado, Texas, Minnesota, Washington Territory, etc. The unrest that brought them here impels them to move on, buoyed up by the hope that the El Dorado will be reached at last. The fortitude and pluck exhibited by them in the years 1843 and 1846, when families were prostrated by the ague, is worthy of all praise. These years are still spoken of as the "sickly seasons." In many neighborhoods, there was not a person to be found who was not afllicted with the "shakes." There was but little homesickness, all having faith that cold weather would efl'cct a cure.

Of the old settlers, but few remain, and of these, the silvered heads, beards flecked with white and the stooping forms admonish us that their work is nearly done, and these few have been called upon to mourn within a few years the following who make up the roster of the old settlers' "honored dead," to wit: Edward F. Hutchins, Rufus H. Parker, Billings Baldwin, Spencer Thayer, Mrs. John Burnham, William Wliapj)les, David Bartlett, John Vanderwater, Amos Gibbs, John Hutchins, John Porter, Giles Porter. James R. Dye and wife, Mrs. Enoch P. Dye, Johnson McCune, James AVenham, Sr., Philadelphia, his wife, William Noyes and wife, Hartly M. Johnson, Elias Reynolds, his wife, Clarinda C. Reynolds, Mrs. Ruth Edwards, Dr. Jason Cushman, Jonas Folts, John A. Wilcox, A. E. Fuller, William Reynolds. Chancy N. Torrey, Amos H. Burnham, George Burnham. James Burnham, Sr., and wife, Josepii (ircen, Charles Johnson, Jason Rockwood, Alexander Graham, Robert Wilson, Dr. D. D. Burrington, Ebenyer H. Hubbard, Sylvester Fox, Samuel T. Clothier, J. R. Van Norman, A. S. Stevens, Jonathan Marsh, Sylvester Miner, Mrs. A. R. Eaton, Milton Blakcly, Seth Patee, Mrs. Nancy Patee, Mrs. D. F. Jones, their daughter, Elijah Higgins, the first merchant; Charles T. Clothier,

Especial interest attaches to this portion of Jefferson County, from the singular fact of its laving been the first point decided upon for the location of a village in this part of the Rock River Valley. But the most important part of its history is buried in the dim past, and, although some of the very brightest scientific men known to modern times have written exhaustive papers )n the subject of what they are pleased to term ''a prehistoric race," whose scions are believed ;o have inhabited this region at some period between "the emergence of the land from the Dosora of Old Ocean," yet definite information as to the time of such habitation or the charicter and origin of the people is lacking, and we are left to marvel over the antiquities some- ;imes revealed to sight from the inner recesses of the grand old earth mounds of the " Ancient City," with far less accurate knowledge of their real nature and uses than the most ordinary nind possesses relative to the history of the wonderful articles recently exhumed by Dr. Schlienann from the ruins of Ancient Troy. The theory - not at all an unpopular one - -is advanced ;hat the ancient Aztecs were once in possession of this region, and that ages ago they emigrated io Mexico, where tney have since degenerated, until their habits and barbarous customs entitle them to the very appropriate name of "Greasers." No satisfactory explanation of the cause for tliis emigration is given, but the one susceptible of the greatest plausibility is founded in the belief that they were harassed by the lightning-rod agents and bunko men, and, finally, when m ex-patent-right genius , with the word " Professor " prefixed to his ugly name, came round ind advertised to lecture upon the rascalities of his own ilk, ye ancient Aztec, with the facility «ith which a buttered onion glides from an oily saucepan, left for parts long to remain unknown ; bence the word " Greaser."

No matter what the real history of the race of human beings who once inhabited the west bank of the Crawfish River may be, the wonderful evidence still remains that they belonged to an intellectual race. The place was first known to the whites of our own age during the time of Marquette and his brother Jesuits. The present generation discovered the mounds of what was afterward known as the "Ancient City" (now Aztalan, from the word Aztec), during the Black Hawk war, and their existence was not unknown to the first settlers in Southeastern Wisconsin, for they had heard of them from returned soldiers. Accordingly, when Thomas Brayton. James Payne, A. A. Brayton and his uncle, William Brayton, N. F. Hyer, Stephen Fletcher, Ruben Keene, J. F. Ostrander, H. H. Sedgewick and others, settled in that vicinity in 1836-37, they were not surprised to find the ridge south of the point where they built their homes dotted with huge pyramids of earth, the evident work of the hand and brain of man.

In October, 1839, the first purchase of land was made from the Government, by Thomas Brayton and H. H. Sedgewick, each buying a quarter-section, and paying therefor .$1.2.5 per acre. The village was platted in 1841, by Thomas Brayton, Edward Abbe and J. F. Ostrander, from a survey uuule by J. D. Waterbury, who settled there in 183U. The plat embraced twenty or thirty acres of land in Section 17, on the west side of the river, and, after being surveyed and recorded became, and for a long time remained, a village of great expectations. The chief employment of the settlers was catching fish and killing game, upon which they found themselves compelled to subsist. During the summer of 1839, before the Government land came into market, a few of the most enterprising settlers commenced the erection of a dam on the Crawfish, but abandoned the enterprise when the homestead proclamation was made, and busied themselves with the slow but ultimately successful task of clearing the land and planting bread seeds.

The Mails

The post office of Aztalan (the first in the county), was established in 1837, with N. F. llyer as the first Postmaster. To this institution Aztalan owed much for its early prominence. The inhabitants came from all directions for letters from their far-oft' friends at the East. As late as the winter of 1838, the mails were carried on a mans back each way from Waukesha (then Prairieville), to Madison, the carrier making weekly trips through the woods and across unbridged streams. For some time after the establishment of post offices at other points, Watertown in particular, Aztalan remained the distribution j)oint, whence the mail was taken by extra carriers. But the building of plank-roads, and, finally, railroads, caused many advantageous improvements upon this system. The names of the individuals who have held the office of Postmaster since the first official term of Mr. Hyer are : James Payne, N. F. Hyer (again), James Payne (a second term), Benjamin Baldwin, H. B. Willard, P. N. Waterbury, D. 1. White and George Knapp.

Religious Record

It is said that missionaries of the Methodist persuasion visited Aztalan for the purpose of reclaiming the few wayward and graceless residents, as early as 1837. Services were usually held in the houses of believers, and later in the schoolhouse. But this denomination never attained sufficient strength to build a church. Divines of other creeds also came occasionally at an early day, but, as the population increased and yellow-legged chickens became more plenty, their visits were more regular and frequent. The Methodist fold went into final dissolution about 1865.

The Baptists formed a society in 1839, with Elder Matthews as their spiritual adviser. The Elder will be remembered as entertaining strong abolition sentiments, and infusing his sermons with that doctrine, which, at that time, was regarded as being almost atheistical. What a change in forty years ! The Elder frequently went to Mineral Point to preach the Gospel and air his abolition belief and, upon one occlision, (in 1841), returned with well-defined marks of decayed eggs upon his sackcloth. The Aztalan Baptists built a church in 1873, but the society was merged with that of Lake Mills about ten years ago.

The Rev. J. F. Ostrander, who was a theologian of an independent stripe, also preached occasionally in Aztalan, at a very early period. He generally officiated at funerals, and was regarded as the only person who could tie a substantial matrimonial knot and at the same time be satisfied with a bushel of potatoes as the equivalent of his fee. |

The Rev. Mr. Ostrander taught the first school in Aztalan. Education received attention from the settlers quite as early as religion, and Mr. Ostrander was engaged to teach during the winter months, while his wife instructed a class of younger pupils during the summer. Mr. Ostrander will be remembered as having been identified with a project to establish what was to have been known as a "labor school." It was to have been located on the hill west of the village, ani the place was, for a long time, known as " College Hill." A section of land Was reserved for the purpose, and some funds were raised, which, however, when the project failed, were turned into the public-school treasury, and used in the construction of the first schoolhouse in Aztalan, a frame building, which stood in the western portion of the village, and waa occupied for both educational and religious purposes until about 1852, when a brick edifice (still standing), was erected. The present schoolhouse was built about 1870, and in it is now taught a graded school. In the town of Aztalan, there are si.x brick schoolhouses, which are open about seven months in the year. In two of them German is taught, the population of the town being two of that tongue to one of all other nationalities.

The First

Judge N. F. Hyer, now of Fort Atkinson, was the first expounder of the law in the village, but the citizens Were so well behaved and agreeable that his professional services were seldom required.

A Steamboat

In December, 1840, N. P. Hawks, one of the early settlers in the town of Milford, but at that date a resident of Milwaukee, made his appearance in Aztalan and commenced agitating the question of building a steamboat on the Crawfish River to navigate its waters and those of the Rock River. Mr. Hawks succeeded in organizing a stock company, and a steamboat 100 feet in length was the result. In the spring of 1840, Capt. Hawks, after encountering considerable trouble in passing down the Crawfish, owing to low water, steamed down Rock River to the Mississippi. Late in the fall of the same year, he again made his bow to thegoodpeopleof Aztalan, but he forgot to bring his steamboat with him. He said the craft was on the Mississippi, the water being so low that he was unable to bring her up ; that he would like to become sole owner of the boat, and would pay the stockholders 50 per cent of the amount they had invested, giving his note payable one year from date. His proposition was accepted and the notes were given. He then said he had a small stock of goods in Milwaukee and a little cash in his pocket, and he would take up his notes then and there, and pay oO per cent of their face value. The people's confidence in Mr. Hawks had begun to wane somewhat by this time, and cash and provisions being scarce in the neighborhood, this proposition was accepted also ; so the enterprising navigator saved quite a nice little sum out of the amount he had received for the steamboat before he made the double compromise with the stockholders. Such is life!

Town Of Aztalan

The first settlers in the town of Aztalan were Harvey and Volney Foster, near the present line between .Jefi'erson and Aztalan, Frederick Landt, Henry Pellet, .Jeremiah Brayton, George Hebard, .James L. Manville, Benjamin Babcock, Edward Abbe, Samuel Hosley, J. D. Waterbury, D. C. Pellet, Stephen Hanks, R. M. Nevins, E. L. Braman, H. Z. Britten and Harvey B. Smith.

The first town election was held in the spring of 1842. at Aztalan, the township then comprising what are now the towns of Lake Mills and Waterloo, and the west half of Milford. M. R. Clapp, of Milford, was the first Chairman of the Town Supervisors.

The Rock and Crawfish Rivers and the Chicago & North-Western Railway pass longitudinally through the town. As an agricultural and stock-raising region, the town of Aztalan has no superior in the State.

Waterloo

A prosperous village, situated in the extreme northwest corner of the county, in Sections 5, C, 7 and 8 of the town of Waterloo, and inhabited by an enterprising population, variously estimated at from nine to fifteen hundred (about one thousand being the actual population) ; an important station on the Madison Branch of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, and one of the healthiest localities in the Northwest.

Through the agency of Moses C. Kenyon, Bradford Hill was the first settler in what is now the village of Waterloo (then known by the Indian name of " Mauncsha"). Early in 1841,

Mr. Kenyon settled about one and a half miles south of Waterloo iJreek, which, in his opinioi bore every indication of having the requisite fall and volume of water to make it a first-clas mill site. Meeting Bradford Hill in the vicinity of Waukesha, he prevailed upon him to pn ceed further west, the result being the pre-emption, by Hill, of two " forties " in Section i upon which the principal portion of the village now stands. Mr. Hill built a log shanty o the ground now occupied by the old " Gravel House." When the period for making paymer to the Government and "proving up '" his claim arrived, Mr. Hill found himself in need of th necessary funds. This want was sujjplied by Mr. Kenyon, and, in 1843, Abram and Ira Brool purchased the water site of Hill, put in a dam and built a saw-mill. The Brooks family, thr« brothers and two maiden sisters, was preceded by James Thompson, who died some years ago i an advanced age, and whose son is still a resident of Waterloo. The Brookses built a little lo shanty in a grove east of the creek, and, after remaining a few years, they moved away. On of the brothers died in Sun Prairie, and another somewhere in Outagamie County ; the thin Ira Brooks, is still living, and is eighty-two years of age. The eldest sister died in Waterlc and the other in Sun Prairie. In 1841, Mr. and Mrs. Bissell Phelps, who are believed to be th only residents of Waterloo who saw the place in its earliest infancy, came hither from thei home in Illinois on a visit to relatives living in the vicinity. They had occasion to remain ove night in " Maunesha," which then consisted of the solitary cabin of Bradford Hill.

In 1848, the population had increased to the number, perhaps, of thirty-five or forty pei sons, and half a dozen houses had been reared in the woods on either side of the creek. Beside the Waterloo House, there were at that date the unpretentious residences of John Curtis, Jamc Thompson, William Knight (now occupied by the family of T. A. Williams), and the origin? Hill and Brooks shanties.

Privations and hardships, not unlike those that beset the pioneers of other sections, wer encountered by the early residents of Waterloo. Fish, cooked without butter or lard, brea( made of meal or flour mixed with a little salt and water, and a few potatoes was the bill of far in every household. Money was exceedingly scarce, but, had it been plenty, there was nothin to be purchased with it ; the necessaries of life was the currency. Though every one was pooi money was a drug upon the market. The Greenbacker should have lived in those days ; bi the early settlers had their pests also. The festive Indian - the noble, murderous red man - wa no small source of annoyance. What his ancestors had failed to do in the scalping line, he mad up in stealing and frightening women and children. Those of his race who roamed about Watei loo had a burying-ground on the Crawfish, near Hubbleton, and frequently passed through th former place with their dead strapped upon the back of a pony and followed by a large cot course of pretended mourners, who. on their return, invariably carried numerous articles of pri visions or wearing ajiparel appropriated from the whites. Such is a brief outline of the earl history of Waterloo.

Tiik I'Ost Office

This institution was established in Waterloo in the latter part of the forties. C. D. Tapping wa the first Postmaster. He kept all the mail in a garden-seed box, and Abram Brooks drove to Azts Ian once a week in a double wagon to get the letters, never being rewarded with more than three o four at a time. A. F. Mattice succeeded Mr. Tapping, and a change in the national admini: tration resulted in the installation of C. P. Meail as Postmaster. R. J. Reamer, the presen incumbent, was Mr. Mead"s successor. In 18i38. it became a money-order office, and the firs order bears date of October 12 of that j'ear. James Gushing was the remitter, and Alanson G Allen, of Fairfield, 111., the receiver ; the amount was §50, the largest sum that can be ser under the law regulating the Money-Order Department.

Manufactories, Etc

Abram and Ira Brooks, after turning out many thousand feet of lumber from their saw mill, converted the institution into a grist-mill, where, for a long time, the settlers had thei wheat ground, the miller taking a small proportion of the grist for toll. After passing through various hands, the mill was destroyed by fire in 1876, while the property of William Folindorf. Mr. F. conteuiplates the building of a mammoth structure upon the ruins, and has already completed a huge foundation for the mill that is to be.

In 1847, F. Giles, A. Vail and William Rood commenced building a mill-dam on Waterloo Creek, half a mile west of the village. Before the work was completed, M. P. Caldwell purchased the site, and, in 1848, built a grist-mill. In 1849, William and Benjamin Boorman, witli a combined capital of 20 shillings, bought Mr. Caldwell out ; that is to say, they took the mill with the understanding that they were to pay a certain sum for it if the money could be made out of it. With their 20 shillings, they purchased ten flour-barrels at 35 cents apiece, getting thirty days' time on the amount they necessarily owed on the barrels. And thus a start was made. William Boorman is now the sole proprietor. The capacity of the mill has been greatly increased ; likewise the fortune of Mr. Boorman.

Another dam was built at a very early day, nearer the center of the village, upon which were erected a factory and carding-mill, which were burned in 1862. The dam subsequently went out and has not been rebuilt. The site was on property now owned by Clark, Rain k Co.

In 1860, A. F. Mattice built an elevator with a capacity of 15,000 bushels. It was afterward purchased by McCracken Bros., who, in 1870, put up a new elevator capable of holding 20, < too bushels of grain, and added, among other improvements, a thirty-iivc horse-power engine. Messrs. McCracken now have facilities for handling 225,000 bushels of grain in a season.

The Wisconsin Rotary Engine Company built a foundry and machine-shop in 1865, near the railroad depot, where harvesters, fanning and wind mills are now manufactured, requiring the employment of ten men.

John Helms built a cider-mill in 1870, and the demand for his productions became so »reat that he was compelled to enlarge and improve the concern in 1875. He is now prepared to manufacture forty barrels of cider per day. In 1876, he made 1,100 barrels, and found ready sale for it in Chicago, Milwaukee, Minnesota, Iowa, Michigan, and throughout Wisconsin.

Nelson Sickles manufactured the first brick in Waterloo. Jackson Rood and John Helms ire now in the business, the combined productions of their kilns being about 1,200,000 each year.

Methodism was the first of the various religious creeds to assert itself in Waterloo. A church edifice was constructed about 1857. The Rev. Mr. Drew was the Pastor at that time. Among those who followed were the Revs. Tucker, Lang, Martin, Miller, Wanless, Robbins md Sanborn, the latter being at present in charge of a faii'-sized congregation.

The Presbyterians and Congregationalists worshiped together nearly a quarter of a century igo, the Rev. Mr. Heaton being their spiritual guide. The Rev. William Thompson and the Rev. Mr. AVright were also among those who preached before and since the erection of a church, twelve years ago. The flock, somewhat diminished, is now composed for the most part of Congregationalists.

The Baptists organized a society in the spring of 1862, with nine members, the Pastor being T. T. Mclntyre. A church edifice was erected the same year, being used also for a schoolhouse. The ministers have been the Revs. T. L. McCloud, S. C. Sales, W. T. Hill, L. G. Catchpole and G. G. T. Martin, the present incumbent, and also Principal of the Graded High School. In 1868, the church and sehool building was overhauled, and has since been used exclusively as a church.

The German Catholics of Waterloo were organized in 1867 by the Rev. Father Sigg, o Jefferson. The parish was composed of the following persons : August Meibus, Peter Janisch Bernard Leschinger, Jr., and Joseph Raedle, and the wives and families of each. Meeting were held at the house of Joseph Raedle until 1869, when a church edifice was built, at a cos of §5,000, including the lot and pastorate. Fathers Fardle, Ivo, Salamus, 'Jaster, Huber Smeddinck and Victor have filled the pulpit. The parish now consists of about sixty-two fami lies. A parochial school of twenty-five or thirty pupils is taught in the church by Mr. Victo and his sister Mary.

The Evangelical Lutheran Church Society was organized in 1807 by the Rev. Mr. Snell, tb members being Carl Haese, F. Grunke, E. G. Woelfert, A. Heidemann, William Buth, Peter an( John Helraes and Conrad Failingcr. The Pastors since Mr. Snell have been the Revs. Car Haese, M. Denninger and J. J. Meier. The church was completed in November, 1868. at i cost of §1,400. The lot upon which it stands was donated by J. L. Thompson. It has a ver extensive congregation, and supports a parochial school, established in 1873, consisting of fron forty-five to seventy pupils. The schoolhouse and reciorv were built in 1878, at a cost o §1,500.

Village Incorporation

Waterloo was incorporated as a village in 185&, and on the 5th of April of that year th first election for village officers was held with the following result : President, Ira R. Rood Trustees, John INIosher, A. F. Mattice, William Gillett and William Munson ; Assessor, W. M Wright; Clerk, Cyrus P. Mead; Treasurer. Thomas Currier; Marshal, Samuel Parkhurst Superintendent of Schools, W. D. Smith ; Justices of the Peace, S. W. Budlong and W. D Smith. The Judges of Election were John F. Mattice and Samuel Parkhurst; C. P. Mead Clerk. There was but one ticket in the field, the number of votes cast being fifty-six. Th original cliarter comprehended a village plat one mile square, but in 1861 a new charter wa granted, providing for the incorporation of the four northwestern sections of the town.

The present village officers arc: President, S. M. Weiner ; Trustees - W. F. Lum, K. P Clark, William Boorman and F. Grunkel ; Clerk, T. A. Williams ; Treasurer, F. Feibinger Assessor, Bissell Phelps ; Marshal, J. Gingles ; Justices - C. P. Kopp and Peter Janisch. A the last election, there were 185 votes polled. ,

On the 4th of December, 1870, the first number of the Waterloo Journal was issued by A F. Booth, printed from material once used by a publisher in Watertown. The Journal was i seven-column folio. Republican in politics. In 1872, Frank Streeter, now publishing a poultp journal in, Illinois, became the editor and proprietor. In 1873, A. B. Griffin became associate! with Mr. Streeter, and in December of that year E. F. Conklin purchased Griffin's interest This partnership lasted three months, when Streeter sold to his partner, who conducted thi Journal until December 31, 1878, retiring from the field of journalism in favor of his son, S. J Conklin. In May, 1879, C. G. Bell & Co. purchased the good wdl and subscription list of thi paper, and furnished the office with a complete outfit of new material, the old types, etc., bein< taken to Watertown, Dakota, where it is now used by Conklin c.t Frazer in the publication of tin Dakota News. In January^l879, the form of the Journal was changed to a five-column quarto F. W. Denison is the editor. YThe Journal once dared to call the attention of the authorities to th( fact that a certain citizen while intoxicated had chased his wife from the house at midnight a the point of a butcher-knife. The few lines conveying this information had the effect to caus( the .savage individual to prolong his spree, and while he was roaring drunk he went hunting fo; the editor. Unfortunately for himself, he mistook W. 0. Frazer, foreman of the mechanica department of the paper, for the responsible scribe, and made a deadly thrust at him with a knife cutting his coat across the shoulder, but drawing no blood. Tiic next moment the would-bi

A quaint structure, built of tamarack logs about 1843, was the first schoolhouse in Waterloo. 't served the purpose of a meeting, as well, for all manner of gatherings, until it was torn away ,nd a more commodious brick built upon its site. In 1867, the latter was sold by the School 3oard to Peter McPherson, of Chicago, and, during that and the following year, the present ligh-school building was constructed. The roll shows a large attendance, and the bright, ntelligent faces of the children is indicative of a healthy and efficient school system.

The Waterloo House, built by John Walker in 1848, was the first hotel in Waterloo, but ; has seen its best days, and passed from the list of public houses eight or ten years ago. The )ld Gravel House, but also in 1848, by M. P. Caldwell, no longer claims " a share of the public -atronage."

The Badger State House was built by C. P. Tapping about twenty years ago. It is built if" patent " or unburnt brick, baked hard in the sun and wind. After passing through various lands, it came into the possession of W. F. Bond, seven or eight years ago. Mr. Bond has iroved himself to be a genial landlord, wide awake to the requirements of his patrons.

Waterloo Lodge, No. Go, A., F. (|- A. M., was organized in January, 1855, by Grand jecturer McMillan. The first meeting was held in the Waterloo House, where the following fficers were installed : Henry Drew, W. M. ; Martin Mead, Secretary ; Philip Brush, Warden ; )ean Chase, Treasurer, and U. Persons, Ira Fuller, Elder Follinsby and Dr. Bingham among he charter members. Sylvester W. Barnes was the first individual initiated. The Lodge now onsists of about fifty members.

Waterloo Lodge, No. 4^. I- 0. 0. F., was first organized at Hunchetville in 1850, and afterward removeil to Portland in Dodge County, whence it came to Waterloo, where it became an English-speaking Lodge ten years ago. Among the first members still active in the Lodge may le mentioned G. H. P. Cone, E. E. Delano, T. A. Williams, Frank Knowlton, N. S. Tracey ). Car Skedien.

Junior Temple. - Organized January 2, 1878. Paul Dutcher, W. C; B. Boorman, J. C; A. Squire, Scribe. Composed of boys from ten to eighteen years of age.

The first lawyer, Abrain Vanderpool ; lie was a farmer as well, and a member of the Firs Constitutional Convention - generally regarded as a pretty smart man.

Waterloo was visited by a serious conflagration in September, 1879. The hardware stor of William Boorraan and the saloon and barber-shop of Mr. Schwager were destroyed.

A man named Edwards was the first settler in the town of Waterloo. He came in 183 and located in the east part of the town, near the Crawfisli.

Town Of Milford

This section of Jefferson County, in point of agricultural wealth, is not unlike other loca ities already described. The Crawfish River passes through the town from north to .soutl entering from Dodge County, in Section 6, at a point where the post office of Hubbleton located. L. P. Drake and M. L. Bartlett were the first settlers in the town. The region aboi Hubbleton is wet and niarsshy, and was at one time a favorite resort for hunters from Milwaukci etc. At an early day, traders came from almost every quarter to barter with the Indians, wL had a large and important camp on the river. The old plank-road from Watertown to Waterlc passed through Hubbleton. A man named Campbell built a steam saw-mill years ago, whic furnished lumber to a large proportion of the population, until it was destroyed by fire. Mi Edwards, the Postmaster and storekeeper of the place, put up a small mill three or four yeai ago. Howell Brosi' stave-mill was at one time one of the institutions of the place. Hubbleto is the onlj' station between Watertown and Waterloo on the Madison Branch of the Chicagi Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad.

Milford Post Office

Situated on the Crawfish in Section 4, town of Milford. The first settlers were W. I: Lampier and Benjamin Nute, Sr., who built a saw-mill in 1840. Norman Pratt built a gris mill in 184o. N. S. Green & Son are the owners of the mill, which has been enlarged an improved till it is now one of the best in the county, having seven run of stones. The ol saw-mill has been torn away, having long since become useless.

Town Of Ixonia

Pipersville and Ixonia Center are the two points of interest in this town. Jans H. Stren now seventy-seven years of age, claims to have been the first settler in that part of the Roc River A'^alley. Ixonia Center may be said to have been first located on the river, one mile ea: of its present site. At one time, there were two hotels, a steam saw-mill and a store (by Samui Piper) on the old site ; but when the railroad was built, in 1856, Ixonia Center took flight, i it were, and settled down in Sections 21 and 22, to become a station on the La Crosse Divisio of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. The Postmasters at the Center have been Samui Piper, H. E. Iluniplirey and James McCall. There are now two stores, one saloon, one blac smith and turning shop, two shoemaker shops, one church, one cheese-factory, a public schoo and one elevator. The population is estimated at one hundred. "Old Man "McCall wt mong the first settlers, but that jolly old individual, Jans Strem, who remembers so vividly the reat amount of fun he had '" niit de var," insists that "I vas de fir^tee man; you can see lino hair."

Town Of Oakland

The early settlers in this region were E. G. Snell, James Crane, Gerard Crane and Gideon nd Holmes Ives. Mrs. Snell made the trip from Milwaukee on foot. Oakland Post Office was stablished about 1847, with E, G. Snell as Postmaster. Moses Powers is at present in .possesion of that olfice.

Town Of Sumner

he smallest town in the' county, containing but seventeen square miles. The early setlers were T. Kumlien, C. G. Hammerquist, C. Jenkins, Thomas Bussy (for whom Bussyville is amed, and who built the mill at that place), and a Mr. Downing. Mr. Hammerquist is the 'ostmaster. Lake Koshkonong is the beauty-spot of the town of Sumner.

Relics Of The Red Race

The following article on the wonderful archaeological collection of Mr. Henry Haskell is ontributed by Mr. I. T. Carr, editor of the Jefferson Banner :

" Men have named the fixed stars, and noted the places where they may always be found ; ave named the planets and fixed their orbits ; have measured the distances between the sun and lie planets, and the distance of each planet from the others ; and every school-boy has been taught he same. But the men are comparatively few who can name and tell the uses of the different rticles occasionally found, which were manufactured by a pre-historic race in a time usually ailed the" stone age." Thousands of people daily step upon relics of the by gone age. without thinkigthat the minds which planned and the hands which executed the work on those articles were as efined and deft, nay, more, than their own ; for the mechanic of to-day has not yet been able to lake with modern appliances, many of the beautiful objects in Hint which the mechanics of ntiquity have left behind for their inspection. Nor is this ignorance on such matters to be rondered at greatly. In the scramble and toil for daily bread, the minds of the thousands are ent upon the present and future, and they have no time to spend delving in the fields of the lystic past. But here and there arc found individuals, solitary and alone, who, through forune's favor, are enabled to spend a little time in those neglected fields, and by deep study and nergetic use of their reasoning powers are enabled to connect, with the subtle elements of bought, the people of the present with the people of the long-buried past, almost as plainly as he electric wire connects the people of the two hemispheres.

" There is probably no section of this country so rich in fields for this kind of labor as the ounty of Jefferson. In almost every town are found, not only the manufactured stone, but lounds which were made to designate the last resting-place of some noted chieftain, as well as laborate systems of earthworks, which arc almost an exact counterpart of the works thrown up ly our own armies on the Atlanta campaign, and which, if not obliterated by that modern iconclast, the plow, will, in future ages, be looked upon by a new race of people with as much wonder as we now gaze upon the works of pre-historic man in this county. As is usually the case rhere there is a field to cultivate, some one can be found to perform the labor ; so, in this county, . man has been found with time and brain to devote to the purpose, in the person of Mr. Henry

Haskell, of the town of Jeflferson. He is a farmer, imbued with a deep interest in everythin] that pertains to archaeology. His farm is about three miles distant from the celebrated mound and earthworks of Aztalan, and some of his spare time is used in investigating their origin picking up the broken links in the chain of their history, and collecting, in the vicinity am other sections of the county, the implements of stone which are supposed to be the handiworl of the builders of the mounds. He has been engaged in this work for the past five years, and noi he probably has the largest and finest private collection of those articles in the United States. Las week, the editor of the Banner had the pleasure of examining his collection, and was astonishei not only at its magnitude, but at the beauty of finish of some of the ar.ticles. Of arrow-heada he has 1,350, made of all kinds of chert, flint, jas]ier and quartz, and showing a fine blendinj of colors in their arrangement on cards for e.xiiibition. They are of all sizes, from the tin; hunting arrow-head of one half-inch in length for boys, to the arrow-head for war purposes, o large game, which are three inches in length, and nearly an inch in width. The materials o which they are made are found only in certain localities, which can be designated by the colo of the articles. Some are found near Lake Superior, some in Ohio, while another color am quality can only be found in the Rocky Mountains. They are also of different styles of work manship, and have different devices for fastening them to the arrow-shaft. There are twent; rimmers in the collection. They are used for the purpose of enlarging or rimming out holes ii other stone implements or pipes, and are as efiectual as though made of steel. They are madi of flint, and are from two to four inches in length. There are nine articles called '' scrapers,' or hoes made of quartz, about five inches long, three inches wide, and, in the thickest place about three-eighths of an inch. They are worked down to an edge, and were evidently use( like the currier's knife of the present day, in preparing hides in the tanning process ; are al3( used for cultivating the earth. There are also twenty spear-points, some of them very finel; finished, with edges serrated as perfectly as a saw of the present time. In size, they range fron three inches to six in length, and from an inch to three inches in width at the widest part. Tiie; are mostly of jasper, and of various colors. Tliere are several articles which are called spades they are of quartz, and range from three to twelve inches in length, and are well adapted to thi purpose of digging up the ground. Of knives there are six, nicely made, and, though of stone would be very effective for cutting purposes. There is probably the finest display of stone axe in this display to be seen in the world. There are about seventy-five of these axes, and tliei vary in weight from three ounces to ten pounds. Some of them are double-bitted. They an grooved on the sides and upper edge for the handle to be looped round, while the lower edge i: left straight for wedging. They are mostly of green stone. There are seventy-five " fleshers,' supposed to have been used for skinning animals. They are mostly of green stone, and th( workmanship on some of them cannot be excelled at the present time. They are from tw( inches to ten inches long. There is also a " rolling-pin " of green stone, eighteen inches lon{ bv two in diameter. It is worked smooth, and almost as perfectly round as a turned one. Thi; article shows that pre-historic woman was as well prepared to govern refractory husbands as th< women of the present day. There are two discoidal stones in the collection, ten stone balls, £ stone drill and shuttle, one stone pipe. There is also a curious article in the collection, the use of which no one yet has been able to fjrm an idea. It is of sienite stone, three inches long, it the shape of a triangle, about three-fourths of an inch thick and one inch deep. The top ii hollowed out like a boat, and there is a small hole at either end. There are copper chisels and spear-points in the collection, and they are also thought to be the work of pre-historic man, These articles have nearly all been found in Jeft'erson County, and with them are pieces of bricl and pottery taken from the mounds at Aztalan. Mr. Haskell has also a fine collection of Indiar relics, such as tomahawks, scalping-knives, bows, arrows and quivers ; also, a peculiar brass ornameni or charm, something in shape of a man without a head, but on the breast a representation of a heart, colored black. It may be an article for religious worship. He has also a collection ol mineral and geological specimens, which alone are worth going a hundred miles to see. while the whole collection forms a museum of ancient and modern curiosities of great value and interest.'

Biographical Sketches City Of Watertown

JOACHIJI ALWART, farmer; P. 0. Watertown; born in Germany in 1831 ; he came to America in 1851. Married Miss Albertena Betow, of Johnstown, Rock Co., Wis., and lived there ill 1866, when he moved to Watertown, bought a farm of 144 acres within the city limits and upon which 16 now lives ; he has five children - John, Bertha, Herman, George and William. Mr. Alwart has been I prominent member of the Lutheran Church and has been a Trustee of the same for five years.

JAMES AMES, butcher; born in the town of Macedon, Wayne Co. N. Y., July 4, 1844; ;he year of his birth his parents, with their family, removed to Wisconsin and engaged in farming ; located m Section 22, in town of Emmett, Dodge Co ; James was engaged in forming pursuits until he comnenced his present business in 1878. He married Lizzie Darling Feb. 8, 1874 : she was born in town of Emmett, Dodge Co., Wis. They have two children - Mary and Lizzie. Mr. and Mrs. Ames are mem- )ers of the Catholic Church ; Mr. Ames was Town Clerk in Emmett Township, Dodge Co., for two years; le was President of St. Bernard's Temperance and Benevolent Society of Watertown ; he was a delegate ;o the Catholic Total Abstinence Convention, of America, which was held in Chicago in October, 1874.

CHARLES ARGIVBERG, cooper, Sixth Ward, Dodge Co. ; born in Brunswick, Germany, 3ct. 8, 18o2 ; came to America in July, 1854; located in Blilwaukee ; came to Watertown in May, 1856. He was married in Milwaukee, in June, 1855, to Mary Dittes ; she was born in Baden, Germany; they aave had three children ; one died in infency ; the living are Otelle and Ernst. Mr. Arenbcrg is one of ;he oldest coopers in the State ; he has been engaged in the business ever since he came to the country ; tie is one of the leading citizens of the city ; he has been Supervisor ; is now President of Concordia Musical Society, having held that position several times. He has been President of the Northwestern Baengerbund, and is at present a member of that society ; he is a member of the Sons of Hermann and das been President of the same, also has held presidency of the Grand Lodge.

CHARLES ARXOLI), Justice of the Peace; born in Germany Nov. 7, 1833; came to New York in 186:; ; in 186:1, he enlisted in Co. M, 12th N. Y. V. C; was attached to the staff of Gen. Schofield, also the staff of Gen. Co.^ ; Mr. Arnold was employed as book-keeper in banking-houses in Europe prior to coming to America ; he was book-keeper for the Collier White Lead Company, of St. Louis, before coming to Wisconsin in 1876 ; he was obliged to leave his position in St. Lbuis on account of lead poisoning, and came to Wisconsin to regain his health ; since coming here, he has been employed as bookkeeper for the Rock River Flouring-Mill Company, and as assignee of Milwaukee and Watertown firms ; in 1878, he was elcfcted Justice of the Peace. He married Miss D. Deetjeo ; they have one child - Jennie. Mr. and Mrs. Arnold are inenibors of the Episcopal Church.

JOHN V. BAXDELIN, manufacturer of and dealer in boots and shoes; was born in the Kingdom of Prussia July 15, 1847. In 1857, he accompanied his parents to America, locating at Watertown, where he has since resided. He began the trade of b lotmaking when 13 years of age, and commenced business for himself in January, 1877. Oct. 1, 1871, he married Anna Schlueter, a native of Watertown, and have had four children - John, Minnie, Amanda and Lydia, the last of whom is deceased. Tbey are members of the Moravian Church.

M. \. BARBER, M. B., born in the town of Mendon, near Rochester, N. Y., in March. 1821. Ili-i prcsfiit wife wa;; Jane L. Ilartwcll. They were married in La Porto, Ind. They have two children - Laura and Neal. The Doctor has two children by an earlier marriage - Jane L. (now Mrs. J. R. Buchanan, uf Trinidad, Colo.) and Frank A. (who i.s a.ssociated with his father in the practice of medicine. Dr. Barber came to Wisconsin from La Porte, Ind., in the spring of 18-iG, and located at Racine, where he remained until he came lo Watertown, in the spring of 1848.

JHHN A. BARRETT, dealer in lumber, lath, pickets, fence-posts, etc.; born in Watertown Township June -b, 1841 ; eui;agcd in farming until he was 21 years of age ; since then he has been extensively engaged in the lumber trade in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota; engaged in business in Watertown in April, 187G. Mr. Barrett is a son of William and Eliza (^ Allen) Barrett; they settled here in 1839. His mother died in March, 1859, and his father died Dec. 4, 1878.

AMOS BAUJI, Assistant Cashier of the Watertown Bank ; born in Manheim, Herkimer Co., N. Y. ; came to Watertown in 1855. For six years, he was connected with the Jefferson County Bank ; he was not engaged in active business for about two years. In October, 18t)3, he was appointed to the position which he now holds in the Bank of Watertown. He has served as School Commissioner, etc. ; Vestryman and Treasurer of the Episcopal Church. Sept. 11, 1849, ho was married to Mary E. Goulding, daughter of Curtis Goulding, of Jefferson Co., N. Y.; she was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y.

A. BAl MANX, dealer in grain and general farm produce ; born in Watertown July 25, 1852. He ha.s been engaged in the L'rain business for thirteen years ; for the last three years, he has been doin;; business for himself Nov. 10. 1874, he was married to Susan Simons; she was born in Milwaukee; they have throe children - Fred, Katie and Albert. Mr. Baumann is Alderman of the Fifth Ward. He is a son of John and Elizabeth Baumann, who came here from Switzerland in 1848. They have three children - Kmil, John J. and Albert, the latter being the subject of this sketch.

STEPHEN BAUMUARTNER, cooper; born in Hungary March 5,1830; came to America and located in Watertown in ISliti. Commenced cooperage business for himself in 1872. Mr. Baumgartner married Teresa I'essenlehner in June, 18G3 ; she was born in Hungarj'. They have seven children - Stephen, .\nton, Jo.seph, Anna, Ida, Teresa and Johanna. Mr. and Mrs. Baumgartner are members of the Catholic Church.

THOMAS BAXTER, manufacturer of lime; born Aug. 15, 1832, in Franklin Co., N. Y. ; moved with his parents to Waterbury, Washington Co., Vt., when quite young, and was educated there. In 1850, he went to work for the Vermont Central Railway, as foreman of construction. In 1853, went to Ohio, working in the .same capacity on the Ohio Central Railway. In 1S56. came to Janesville. Wis., working on the North-Western Railway till 1S57, when he came to Watertown. remaining in the direct emploj' of the conipanj- till 1873, and had transacticms with them till 1875, when he began to manufacture Watertown lime on the North road, and now averages 300 bushels a day, and employs generally six hands, but sometimes increases the force from ten to twelve. Married Miss Prances McCulluugh, of (Jhio, Nov. 6, 1853. Have six children - Mary E., Charles S., Martha J., Emmie F., Frederick T. and George S. He is Superintendent of the Poor for the northern part of county, for 1879; Alderman of the Third Ward for 1862 and 18(53. and is now f .r 1879 ; member of Lodge, No. 49, Masons ; members of the Episcopal Church.

CHARI./ES BECKER, cigar manufacturer. Sixth Ward, Dodge Co.; w.is born in Germany Aug. 20', 1838 ; came to Watertown in 1866 ; workel as cigar-maker for Wigi;enhorn Bros, until December, 1878; in the spring of 1879, he commenced manufacturing for him.«elf In April, 1868, he married .\ugusta Zahn; .she was born in (Jermany; they have five children - Christiana, Fredrick, William Charles, Victor Otto, Au'.:usta and an infant son.

HON. CHARLES BECKMAX, Justice of the Peace, Sixth Ward. Dodge Co.; born in Pru.ssia Aug. 16, 1S13; came to .\merica in September, 1843; located in Buffalo, N, Y. ; taught school in Western New York until he came to Wisconsin in September, 1845; engaged in farming until 1868. He hxs held the office of Justice of the Peace continuously since 1853, except for three years, from 1860 to 1862, and one year prior to that time ; he was for many years Supervisor, Alderman, City Treasurer, School Commissioner, City Clerk, Commissioner of Public Debt, and, in 1874, he was a member of the Assembly, It would be difficult to find a man in the Stat« who has received so many manifestations of the esteem and confidence of his neighbors and fellow-citizens as the people of this vicinity have shown to Mr, Bockman. He was married, Oct. 31, 1839, to Hannah Charlotte Knuth ; she was born in Prussia Feb. 7, 1812; they have had seven children; the living are Anna Maria Eliza (now Mrs. Hermann Teisch, of Dakota), Alvine Louise Francisco (^now Mrs. Eugene Gebhart, of Watertown) and Henry Louis Martin (a resident of this city).

City Of Watertown

CHRISTIAN BECKER, grocer; bom in Watertown Feb. 10, 1851; son of John and Marpiret Becker, who came here in 1847 ; John Becker was born in Germany; came to America in 1834 ; he lived in New York City and Albany, N. Y., until he came to ^Vatertown. He held office of Alderman, City Treasurer, Supervisor and various other important positions here. His death occurred in May, 1875. Christian Becker has been engaged in present business since he was a youth of 14 years. Sej)t. 7, 1873, he married Kate Thauer ; she was born in the town of Emmett, Dodge Co., Wis.; they have one !^on - John N., born Dec. 7, 1877 ; lost a daughter, Amelia, who died at the ago of 13 months. Mr. Becker is Secretary of the Fire Department and Treasurer of the Pioneer Fire Company.

FRED BECKER, grocer; born in Prussia Jan. 11, 1819; came to America Jan. 3, 1849; spent nearly a year in the State, and four weeks in the city of New York, three months in Lewis Co. and seven months in Rochester; afterward, was a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio, for two years and a half; then he removed to Warren Co., Mo., where he remained thirteen years; he then came to Forsytlie, III., where he carried on mercantile and produce busine.ss ; while at Rochester. N. Y., he was engaged in teaching; in Cincinnati carried on lard-oil factory and printing busine.ss; in Missouri he also conducted printing business and was engaged in the publication of a newspaper there. He was married in Prussia Nov. 11, 1845, to Anna Schnegelsieu'en. Mr. and Mrs. Becker are members of the United Brethren Church.

jri.,IlIS BEKKENDORF, Rough and Ready Flounng-Mill ; b.j-n in the northern part of Germany Feb. 5, 1831 ; served three years and a half as a soldier in his native country; he was a member of the ftmous '- Hussars." Came to Wisconsin in 1857; engaged in farming in Lebanon until he engaged in the milling business, which he commenced when he purchased his present interest Nov. 1, 18l!5. Mr. Benkendorf has served as member of the School Board ; he is a member of the Concordia Musical Society; member of the German Evangelical Lutheran Church, etc. April ".'3, 1859, he married Wilhelmina Arndt; she was born in Germany; they have seven children - Emil, Louisa, Otto, Clara, Julius, Jr., Gustav and Ernst.

AMOS BENNETT, chief carpenter of the C, M. & St. P. R. R. Co.; born in Luzerne Co., Penn; was a resident of New York State about nine years; came to Watertown in May. 1848; engaged in business as carpenter, contractor and builder until 1861, when he became connected with the railway company that he now represents in one of the most important and responsible positions of the management. April 2, 1843, he married Mary Harvey; she was born in Albany Co., N. Y. ; they have five children - Louisa, Kate G., Jesse W., Annie and Mary Estelle. Mr. and 31rs. Bennett are members of the Congregational Church.

FRED BERTRAjfl, dealer in boots and shoes; born in Hanover March 23, 1845; came to Watertown with bis parents in 1847 ; he commenced working in the boot and shoe business when only 14 years of age ; he is now senior partner in the firm of F. Bertram & Co. (his father-in-law, M. Mullen, being associated with him); they are doing a very extensive business, having stores at Milwaukee, Sparta and Watertown. Blr. Bertram married Miss Augeline Mullen ; she was born in Watertown Township ; they have four children - Freddie, Frankie, Willie and Lulu.

HENRY BERTRAM, manufacturer of and dealer in boots and shoes; born in Hanover Feb. 29, ISlli ; came to Watertown in 1847 ; engaged in present business ever since he came here, having been one of the most prominent and public-spirited men in the community. The citizens of Watertown have manifested their confidence in his ability and integrity by electing him to fill various important positions ; he was one of tlie first Aldermen and has served in that position for several terms ; he was Mayrr two years; City Treasurer two years; from 18G5 to 187(5, he was County Superintendent of the Poor; he w:is prominently identified with the institution of the I. 0. O. F. Lodge hire. In August, 1842, he married Helena Rcinecke, a native of Hanover; they have had five childrtn ; the living are Fred. Henry, Emily (now Mrs. Henry Daub), Mary (now Mrs. William Brandt); one daughter, Sojihia, died Dec. 20, 1878, aged 35 years; at the time of her death she was the wife of W. H. Rohr.

WIIjI^IAM BIEBER, fiiney dry-goods merchant ; born in Bavaria Nov. 6, 1828; came to America April 8, 1851 ; spent a short time in New York and Philadelphia; then came to Milwaukee,, where he remained about a year ; came to Watertown in April, 1852. He was first engaged in the brewing business here with his brother Charles, who afterward went to St. Louis and died there ; carried oi> the brewery about six months ; then commenced mercantile business. Mr. Bieber has served thirteen years as a member of the School Board, seven years as School Superintendent, six years as School Commissioner and Clerk ; he is now serving liis fourth term as County Supervisor; he was twice elected Alderman. Probably no citizen of this city has taken more interest in educational matters and other interests of the place than Mr. Bieber. June 15, 1853, he was married to Agatha Strohmenger; she was born in

Bavaria May 12, 1835; they have eight children - Annie Tnow Mrs. John Matzek. of Milwaukee), Charle William. Jr.. Frank. Lena, Laura, Minnie and Henry. Mr. B. is a member of the Turner Society.

JOHN BIRD, Fifth Ward, Dodjie Co.; with S. E. Randall in agricultural implement businesf born ill Canada Sept. 29, 1831 ; sun of Isaac and Hannah (Hodgson) Bird, both natives of Westmori landsliire, England ; they came to Canada in 1831. Mr. John Bird has been a resident of Wisconsi since January, 1867; he has been engaged in pork buying, packing and shipping, and dealing in far: implements ever since he came here except two years that he devoted to farming. He was married De 24, 1870, to Eliza Raison, a native of England; they have five children - Louisa Hannah, Harry Hodgsoi Hatlic Mav, Wilber Howard and an infant son. Mr. Bird has been Supervisor of Fifth Ward, Dodge C

WILLIA^H BITTNER, butcher and proprietor of meat market; born in the town of Mi waukee, Wis., April 22, 1847; lived in Milwaukee until he came to Watertown in 1865. July 2, 187 he married Bertha Xowack ; she was born in Germany ; they have two children - Clara, aged 7 years, an Rosa, 3 years of age. Mr. Bittner has been a member of the Hook and Ladder Company for sevt years ; he is also a member of the Sack Company.

ADOLPHUS BLAIR, saloon keeper; was born in Canada in 1833, and, with his parent moved to the State of New York in 1835, where be remained t«n years, when, with his parents, he can to Wisconsin and located on a farm in the town of Milford, where he was educated and where he wi elected Chairman of the Town Board in 1873. He married Miss Mary Filiatrau, of Milford, Jan. 2 1861 ; they have eight children - Charles E., Mary E., Gertrude, Elizabeth, Ruth, Walter, Carrie an Edward, all of whom, with parents, are members of the Catholic Church.

HENRY A. BLACK, grocer; is the son of August Block, who came to this country i 1854, settling in Wisconsin, where he died Sept. 18, 1878. The subject of this sketch w;ts born Ms 21, 1858, and early became a.ssociated with his father in the flour, feed, saloon and brickyard busines with whom he remained until Jan. 1, 1878, when he succeeded to the business himself and has since coi ducted it. The family originally consisted of six children - Henry A., Martha, Arthur, Ruphena, Augu and Olga, the mother of whom, Wilhelmina, still lives, a resident of Watertown. Mr. Block is a merabi of St. John's Lutheran Church.

I>. BLUMEXFELD was born in the ancient city of Creglingen, Kingdom of Wurtemberi Feb. 13, 1828; received a common-school education and in 1841, entered a printing office at Stuttgar the capital city of Wurtemberg ; left that city in February, 1848, and worked at the case as a journey ma type-setter, in the cities of Xeuwied, Dusseldorf and Schwerin , emigrated to America in June, 1850, v Hamburg, and landed in New York Aug. 15, 1850; stayed there and in Philadelphia a few weeks an came to Wisconsin in the month of September of that year ; entered, a few days after his arrival in th State, the service of Messrs. Kohlmann Bros, who intended to publish a German paper in Racine, and i October, set the first stickful of German type that ever was set in that place. [See Racine History.] Tl Messrs. Kohlmann are now citizens of Oshkosh and publish a well-knuwn German paper there - the Td graph. In April, 1851, he left Racine and accepted a position as foreman in the office of the Dnilt/ Ba, ner and Vo/kii)'reund, at Milwaukee, published by Morritz Schoetlier, who was well known among all tl printers in Germany, having been, for a number of years, first foreman and manager of the world-renowne printing establishment of Baron von Cotta, in Stuttgart; in September, 1852, went to New York to gi married to Nancy Lewensen, of Schwerin, Germany, and in August, the following year, removed fro: Milwaukee to Watertown, in company with John Kopp, from Augsburg, a pressman who worked in tl same office with him in Schwerin, and afterward in Milwaukee. They commenced the jjublication of Democratic German weekly paper, called the Watertown Anzetgir, and issued their first number Aug. 2' 1853. D. Blumonfeld has since that time continued in the printing business, since 1859 as sole pr prietur of the Watertown Welthnrger. His family consists of his wife (with whom he celebrated his si ver wedding on Sept. 11, 1877) and seven children, of whom two are married ; has been a member i the School Board and Common Council from 1868 to 1872.

JOHN BOXEY, carpenter and joiner; born April 15, 1823, in Cornwall, England; wi educated and learned his profession there; came to America in 1849, landed in Quebec, and stayed i Canada till May 10, 1850, when he came to Watertown and worked for himself as carpenter and houi joiner, till 1863, when he went to Little Rock, Ark., in Government employ, and stayed there till withi ten days of the close of the war; in 1865, he entered the employ of the C. & St. P. R. R.; in 1874, \ left tliem and built the Catholic Church on the west side of the river, but in June, 1878, returned I work for the railroad company. Married Miss Sarah Jane Nettleton, of Watertown, in March, 185£ she died Jan. 25, 1878, leaving three children - Delia, Zina and George. Members of the Episcop Church ; Republican.

REV. JOHN H. BROCKHANN, Pastor of the German Evangelical Lutheran Church of ^''atertown and vicinity ; born in Hanover Feb. 8, 1833 ; educated in Kurope ; ordained to the Christian linistry in Germany in 18G1 ; came to America in 18G2 ; he preached at Ahnapee, Wis., four years, ilerward two years at Mosel, Sheboygan Co. ; in 1868, he went to Fort Atkinson, where he remained ntil he came to Watertown, in January, 1875. Mr. Brockmann married Sophia Scheele Oct. 3, 1862 ; le was born in Germany. They have three children - Johanna, Theodore and Paul.

F. P. BROOK, groceries, fruits and confectioner ; was born in Veldenz, near the river Moselle, russia, June 22, 1835, and came to Wisconsin in the summer of 1850 ; located in the town of Wateriwn, on a farm that his father purchased from Mr. McCready ; he then came to Watertown and learned le barber's trade ; he remained at his trade for five years, and, in 1857, started a fruit and confectionery, hich he carried on for about eighteen years ; in 1866, he started the Red Front Store, adjoining the ank ef Watertown, which he carried on in connection with his other store. For about two and a half ;ars, Mr. Brook quit business, for a rest, and then started the store he now occupies and in which he i& 3ing a successful and profitable business ; he was elected School Commissioner and resigned on account his business ; in 1877, was elected as Supervisor and again in 1870, which position he now holds. He arried, Dec. 31, 1857, Christiana Esslinger, of Buffalo, N. Y. He has five children - Amanda, Edward, mnia, Charles and Ida.

WILiLiIAlfl BITCHHEIT, grain-dealer; bnrn in Bavaria, Aug. 15, 1827; came to America 1851; landed at New York City April 8, 1851 ; came to Milwaukee in May of the same year; came I Watertown and located in August, 1852 ; engaged in the liquor bu.siness for a number of years ; carried 1 a rectifying establishment and did a large wholesale business after doing a retail business for some sars ; he also built and carried on a brewery for awhile ; in 1860, he commenced business as a commism and produce merchant ; in 1865, he commenced buying grain and is now one of the largest and most grain-dealers in the West. July 30, 1857, he was married in Watertown, to Helena Weis, a itive of Prussia ; they have ten children living - Anna, Helena, Mena, Amelia, Josephina, William, Jr., lesander, Henry. Gu.^tav and Albert.

CHARLiES BUNTROCK, house, sign, carriage and ornamental painter ; born in Watertown ov. 10, 1848 ; he is a son of David F. Buntroek, who came to this county in the summer of 1848, and is )w a resident of Shields Township, Dodge Co.; although he was first located on a farm in Watertown Townlip ; Charles was engaged in farming until he was 18 years of age, then he commenced to learn his trade ' painter and has worked at it ever since. Feb. 11, 1877, he was married in Watertown to Amelia M. onn ; she was born in Prussia Dec. 13, 1856. Mr. and Mrs. Buntroek are members of St. John's utheran Church.

R. H. BURKE, druggist, agent for rubber and paints, and dealer in toilet articles, perfumeries, ines, liquors, ciijars, etc., corner of Main and Washington streets, prescriptions carefully compounded ; Mr. urke was born in Canada West May 15, 1854; in 1863, he came with his parents to Emmett Township, odge Co., Wis., where he was engaged as a farmer until he commenced the study of medicine at Rush edical College, where he has attended two courses of lectures ; he graduated from the College of the lered Heart in 1876. His father. Richard Burke, died in town of Emmett in 1874.

.lOiiiEPH BURSINGER, brewer, was born in Baden, Germany, Feb. 17, 1822, and came Wisconsin in July, 1853, and located in Milwaukee, where he engaged in brewing beer and cooperage; Dm Milwaukee he went to Waukesha Co., and farmed for one year ; then he came to Watertown and coraeneed the brewing of beer, which he has continued up to the present time. He married, in November, 549, Mary Voppiller, of Sigmeringen, Prussia; he has two children living - Ferdinand and Ellanora. Mr. id Mrs, Bursinger are members of St. Henry's Catholic Church.

CHARLES CECH, proprietor of tannery, dealer in leather, shoe-findings, hides, pelts, etc.; irn in Bohemia Feb. 29, 1844 ; landed in New York City Sept, 28, 1850 ; came to Watertown the same :ar ; engaged in present business most of the time since, except two years in the saloon business and a year two that he was employed as a traveling agent; commenced present business for himself April 1, 1873. ily 18, 1871, he was married to Carrie Derksen (daughter of Theodore V. Derksen, then a resident of jrtage City, Wis., now a citizen of Watertown ) ; she was born in Germany ; they have four children - iura, Toni, Alma and Hugo. Mr. Ceeh has been a member of the Turner Society for sixteen years; : is also a member uf the Sons of Hermann and of Pioneer Fire Company, No. 1.

the early tanners here, and who is now a resident of Chicago. Mr. C. commenced business near tl C. & N. W. Railway depot in 1870; he has been doinj; business in his pre.<ent location seven years.

WILLI.\lf H. CLARK, Cashierdf theBank of Watertown ; came to Milwaukee in 185 and to Watertown in l^.")t; organized the bank that year and has been connected with it ever sine Mr. Clark orpinized the gas company here, in connection with A. L. Pritchard, and conducted the wor for several ycar.s ; he has been in the banking business continuously since August 4, 1854 - over a tjuarl of a centurv. Mr. C. is a native of Chemung Co., N. Y.

DR. 'JAMES CODY was b^rn in St. John, Newfoundland, Aug. 22, 1820; came Wisconsin in 184t), locating in Watertown; he studied medicine with Hall Kittridge, of Chelmsfor Ma.ss. ; he completed his medical course, and received his diploma in March, 1844, at Harvard Universit; he then came to Watertown, and, since 1846, has been in the practice of his profes.sion ; he was Superi tendcnt of Schools of W^itertown for two terms ; was appointed by Gov. Barstow as Surgeon of t Wisccinsiii State Artillery; about 1803, was Examiner of Pensions for the United States Governmei Dr. Ct)dy married, Nov. 12, 1848, Adeline Rogan, of >few York; he has two children - Adeline ai William Gnrdim. Mrs. Cody died Aug. 12, 1872. Dr. Cody is a member of St. Bernard's Catho Church.

LLTHKR A. COIjK, Watertown, whose portrait appears in this work, was born in W( Charleston, Orleans Co., Vt., Nov. I, 1812; his father, Ebenezer Cole, was the fourth settler in tli town; at the age of 22, he started West, and landed at Detroit in 1834; the following June he to passage in the schooner Supply, a little craft of but fifty feet keel, for Green Bay and Grand Kivi The passage to Green Bay occupied twelve days; after remaining there two days they started for Gra: River, which they re;iched the fourth day, making sixteen days' sailing from Detroit. He remained Grand River, and in its vicinity, for about eleven months, being employed most of the time at buildi: saw-mills and log houses. He then resolved upon visiting Wisconsin, and, taking passage at Grai Haven, at the mouth of Grand River, in the schooner White Pigeon, in company with Philander Baldw and Kli.sha M. Osborn, reached Chicago after a sail of about twenty-four hours. Two or three da afterward they started on fiiot for Milwaukee, following Indian trails most of the way, and finding on t route but an occa.sional settler. They arrived at Milwaukee on the 10th day of May, 1830. There worked at the carpenter and joiner business until December, when, taking his blanket and provisions up his shoulder, he started for Johnson's Rapids ( now Watertown ) passing over the road which had be cut out by Mr. Jnhnson a few week's previously, arriving on the evening of Dec. 27, 1830. Ama Hyland accompanied him. A few months before, Mr. Cole had, through the agency of a friend, ma two claims at the Rapids, one covering the farm now owned by John W. Cole, and the other the fai now owned by heirs of Benj. A. Morey. About the same time, he also made a claim throe miles sou of Prairic'ville. In January following, he purchased, at Milwaukee, three barrels of flour, and three pork. He paid S20 a barrel for the floun, and §40 a barrel for the pork. Building a cabin, in co pany with Mr. Hyland, and his brother, John W., they commenced keeping what they called " bachelo distre.s.s," which they continued for nearl}' fmr years. In the season of 1837, Mr. Cole worked on t saw-mill and dam of Charles F. H. Goodhue & Son, at Watertown. From that time, until the fall 183!t, he was occupied mainly at lumbering and farming. In November of the latter-named year, company with Mr. Hyland, John A. Chadwick, David GriflSth, William P. Owen, William Stanton, J Brice Hall, John Diniick. he .started for Arkansas, for the purpose of spending the winter in choppi steamboat wood. They floated down Rock River in skiffs, and were eight days reaching the Mississip They remained in Arkansas until the following spring, each making a clever-sized '' pile," when th returned to Watertown. The same season, Mr. Cole, in company with Mr. Hyland. Mr. Stanton, Edmu S. Bailey and his brother, John W., purcliased 400 acres of land on what is known as Hyland Prairie, Dodge Co. There was then no inhabitant in the town of Fairfield, in which that prairie is situated. T only thing in the shape of a road, at that time leading north from Watertuwn, was an Indian trail. 1841, he and his brother. John W., erected the building on the corner of Main and Second streets (m occupied by Ausust Fuerniann as a saloon and restaurant), and opened the first store in Watertown. T next year, .Mr. Bailey and Mr. Cole purcha.sed of Seeley Kidder 750 acres of land on the east side of t river, at Watertown, including the present site of the village, as also the mill and water-power. They w( to pay 1,000,000 feet of lumber, to be delivered at Beloit within seven years. They a.ssoeiated with th( the next year Linus R. Cady and his brother, Ebenezer W., and in three years and a half from the date the purch;ise, made the last payment; since which time the general business of Mr. Cole has been millir Selling out his intt^rest in the mills at Watertown, in 1854, he carried on the " Rough and Ready Mil jjne mile east of Watertown, up to 1865. In 1866, he went to Nebraska with Mr. Lyons, and built a »i and grist mill forty miles above Omaha, on the Missouri River. In 1867, he also built a mill on Platte River, ten miles south of Denver. In 1869, he sold out his interest in milling, having been engaged in it for twenty-eight years of his life, since which time, having retired from active business, he has resided at Watertown. Mr. Cole married Miss Mary Jane Brackett (daughter of Jerry C. and Uranah Brackett, of Vermont) Aug. 29, 1842, at Charleston, Orleans Co., Vt. ; they have four children, two living - Guy L. and [Jranah B. (^now wife of F. L. Clark, of Watertown), and two deceased - Guy G. and Martha.

JOHN W. COLiE, Watertown ; is the third son of Ebenezer Cole, and brother of Luther A. Cole, whose biography precedes this one, and was born the 2Sth day of December, 1814, in Charleston, Orlean.s Co., Vt. ; until the age of 22, he worked upon the farm of his parents, and with his father at his trade of carpenter and joiner. In the fall of 1836, he started West, and first came to Milwaukee, where he remained until January, 1837, cutting timber on the Milwaukee River, when he moved to Watertown, making the trip with ox-teams, carrying flour and pork, and with his brother, Luther A., and five others, kept what was called the " bachelor's distress '" for four years. He engaged with his brother in the general merchandise business, having built the first store in Watertown. Having dissolved partnership with his brother, Mr. Cole built a store on the north corner of Second and Main streets, and carried on a general merchandise business for about fifteen years, part of this time being also engaged in the manufacture of saleratus and potash. In 1854, he built the block of stores on the southeast corner of Second and Main streets, since which time Mr. Cole has lived retired from active business in Watertown. For two years he held, in Osage Co., while living there, the oiEce of County Commissioner. In 1855, he held the oflSce of Mayor of Watertown, and has also been Supervisor of Jefl'erson Co. He married Miss Eliza C. Fisk (daughter of James L. and Laura Fisk, of the State of New York) Nov. 19, 1844; they had three children, one living - Oscar A., aad two deceased - one named Johnnie, the other dying in infancy.

RKV. P. J. COIjOVIN, Pastor of St. Bernard's Catholic Church, at Watertown ; was born in London, Canada West, July 4, 1842, and came to Wisconsin in 1872, locating at Watertown. He received his literary education at St. Hyacinth College and at St. Laurent College, after which he was Profes-or of Moral Philosophy at St. Laurent and Notre Dame for ten years, and was Superior of St. Laurent for one year. In August, 1871, he was sent to Notre Dame as Professor of Dogma. In 1872 to 1874, was Assistant Pastor of St. Bernard's Church, then returned to Notre Dame as President of the College until 1S77, when he returned to Watertown and took charge of St. Bernard's Church, as Pastor.

Id. H. COROES, proprietor of billiard and beer saloon; born in Watertown July 29, 1852; engaged in present business in February, 1879. Mr. Cordes is a son of Joachim C. Cordes, who came to Watertown in 1847.

JOACHIM C CORDES, dealer in agricultural implements; born in Germany; came to New York City in 1846; lived there until 1847, then came to Watertown, engaged in farming fourteen years, then came to this city, and was engaged in mercantile business until 1869 ; afterward in saloon business, and now dealing in farm implements. Mr. Cordes was one of the first musicians of this place; conducted a string band for several years. He has been Township Assessor and Supervisor. He was married in Watertown, Sept. 14, 1850, to Minnie Hoaffer ; she was born in Germany; they have eight children - Louis H., Minnie. Frances, Martha, Ida, Emma, Anna and Ernst August.

MICHAEL, CUNXIIVGHAM, Deputy Sheriff; wasbornm Hollowell, Steuben Co., N. Y., Sept. 17, 1842. He is a son of Patrick Cunningham, who came with his family to Milford, Jefferson Co., Wis., in 1846. Patrick Cunningham was engaged in farming until he retired from active life, in 1865. He died Aug. 17, 1879, his wife, Nancy, died Nov. 4, 1848. The subject of this sketch was engaged in farming pursuits until he enlisted Aug. 12, 1862, in Co. D, 3d W. V. C. Nov. 25, 1862, he was wounded at Cincinnati, Ark. ; seven months afterward, he was appointed Hospital Steward, and served in that capacity until he was mustered out at St. Louis June 19, 1865; he then returned to Jefferson Co. He was married at Riehwood, Dodge Co., Oct. 9, 1865, to Mary Woods. Mr. Cunningham was in the employ of the American Express Company, at this point, for nine years (he was transfer clerk for that company fur a period of four years and a half). He carried on city express business for two years. Appointed City Marshal in 1876. He was for a year and a half with S. E. Randall, dealer in agricultural implements. Jan. 6, 1879, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff, which position he now holds.

N. C. DANIELS, Superintendent of the C, M. & St. P. Ry. Co.'s Rail-mill, Machine and Blacksmith Shops ; born in Windsor Co., Vt., Oct. 3, 1825 ; came to Dodge Co., Wis., in 1855, having been for eight or nine years prior to this time a resident of Massachusetts. While he resided in Dodge Co., he was elected to fill various town offices in Lowell. In 1861, he became connected with the railway company, and has been in the employ of this company ever since. In 1868, he came to Watertown to reside. In January, 1848, he was united in marriage to Mary C. Joselyn ; they have three children living - Helen

M. (now Mrs. J. W. Laflin of Oshkosh, Wis.), Emma F. (now Mrs. 0. M. Burhaus of Essex, Page Co., Iowa), and Anna M ; their youngest daughter, Jessie Benton Daniels, died Sept. 4, 1879, aged 18 years 1 month and 19 days.

HKXRY DAl'B, proprietor of the Excelsior Beer Hall and Restaurant, and sole agent for the sale of Fred Miller's Milwaukee hger beer. Mr. Daub was bnrn July 28, 1848, in Hamm, a city in the Province of Westphalia ; he attended the Universitj' until 1862. and then engaged in the business of telegraph operator for railway company ; worked at that busines.s until May 1, 1869 (seven years); at that time, being called on to serve in the army, he decided to emigrate to America, which he did, arriving at Watertown June 3, 1869 ; for sis months, he was employed as book-keeper in the Empire Brewery, owned by his uncle, A. Fuermann ; afterward he was engaged as book-keeper and clerk in the boot and shoe establishment of H'.nry Bertram ; remained in that position for four years ; after leaving the retail boot and shoe business, he entered the employ of the wholesale boot and shoe house of Shay & Pearson, of Chicago, and continued with this firm as traveling salesman through Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa, for nearly two years ; afterward, for one year and a half, he was with the Janesville Shoe Manufacturing Company in the capacity of traveling agent ; after the failure of the last-named company, in 1877, Mr. Daub discontinued traveling and engaged in present business for himself He is a member of Washington Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., Guttenberg Lodge, 13, 0. D. H. S., and of the Concordia Musical Society. Oct. 27, 1872, he married Amalie Bertram,' daughter of Henry Bertram ; she was born in Watertown Oct 26, 1852 ; they have two children - Loui.se, aged 4 years, and Mary, three years of age.

JOHN DEITJEN, grocer; born in Bremen, Germany, June 18, 1846 ; came to America and located ill New York City ; employed as a clerk in grocery store until 1865, when he entered the United States Navy and continued in that service until 1S6S, when he came to Watertown. He was married here, Oct. 24, 1871, to Amelia Frederick ; she was born in Germany Sept. 19, 1851 ; they have four children, Hermann, born Oct. 31,1872; Bernard, April 7, 1874 ; Clara, Oct. 5, 1875, and Emma, Aug. 3, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. D. are members of the Baptist Church.

JOHN B. DEjVXIX«ER, Principal of the Lutheran School; born in Berlin, Prussia, Jan. 18, 184t); came to America in 1S()2; located in Addison, Washington Co., Wis., and resided there about five years, then came to Watertown and entered the Northwestern University, where he remained as a student about three years; he taught two winters in Addison, one year in Lomira and Teresa, in Dodge Co.;inOctober, 1869, went to Oshkosh ; remained there until 1873; Jan.l, 1874,he went to Milwaukee ; was engaged in teaching there one year and nine months; in September, 1875, he came to Watertown. Mr. D. married Emma Lindenstruth in Oshkosh, her native place, April 23, 1872 ; they have two children - Paul G. B. And Otto J. M.

WIIjLIAJI E. DERVIN. painter and paper-hanger; was born in New York Stat«in 1849 ; moved to Pennsylvania when quite young, where he remained eight years ; he then moved to and located in the town of Clyman, Dodge Co., Wis., and lived there till the year 1860, when he moved to Watertown and began clerking in a grocery store for his brother; in 1861, he enlisted in Co. F, of the 16th United States Infantry; he was wounded in the right limb at the battle of Stone River, near Murphysboro ; on account of the wound he was discharged at Louisville, Ky., May 6, 1863 ; he returned to Watertown in 1863, and, in 1864, he went to St. Louis, Mo., where he learned the painter's trade and remained till September, 1868, when he again returned to Watertown, and, most of the time since, has been employed as painter for the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co. He married Miss Mary Dillon, of St. Louis, Feb. 10, 1867, by whom he has four children - Alice, born in January, 1868; William T., Oct, 5, 1869 ; Eugene, .March 4, 1871, and Arthur, Feb. 1, 1879. Mr. Dervin and family are members of St. Bernard's Churth ; he has been JIarshal of the Catholic Total Abstinence Society during the years 1878 and 1879.