Rock County, Wisconsin - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 3 of those read), 1908 (part 7 of 11)

The formal organization of the First Presbyterian Church occurred at the Aunt Jane Moore school house (now No. 439 St. Paul avenue), March 21, 1849. Rev. Lewis N. Loss, of Rockford, 111., presided, and Rev. J, J. Bushnell, of Beloit College, preached the sermon, while Rev. L. Benedict, of Rockton, 111., and Rev. Dexter Clary, pastor of the First Congregational Church, assisted. The forty-six charter members then received were : Augustine J. and Mrs. Amelia E. Battin, T. L. and Mrs. Catherine B. Wright, Robert P. and Mrs. Almira Crane, John P. and Mrs. Eunice Houston, Horatio and Mrs. Frances Burchard, Benjamin and Mrs. Lucy Ann Brown, Charles and Mrs. Teressa Peck, Samuel B. and Mrs. Amanda Cooper, A. D. Culbert, David Merrill, John M. Daniels, Miss Frances B. Burchard, Mrs. Sarah M. Burchard, Mrs. Elizabeth Burr, Benjamin Clark, Fred Lathrop, Andrew B. Battin, Jesse Burchard, Asahel Clark, M. D., and Mrs. Caroline E. Clark, Chester and Mrs. Lucretia Clark, Charles and Mrs. Harriet N. Moore, Beman Clark (the only one living in 1908), Mrs. Louisa Burchard, George H. Stocking, Lyman Johnson, E. N. Clark, M. D., and Mrs. Sarah A. Clark. 0. A. and Mrs. Emma Smith, Henry and Mrs. Louisa Mears, John Fisher, Jr., and Mrs. Jane Fisher.

At the first communion service, held at the same place, April 29, 1849, Mrs. Ann .M. Culvert, Mrs. Agnes Merrill, Jacob and Mrs. Lydia Banta and Zilpah Clark were received by letter, and Lucy Ann Brown, Julia S. Peck, Augustus R. Peck and Joseph L. and Mrs. Sarah M. Jewett on confession of faith.

tee, the first church edifice, southeast corner of Broad and Pleasant streets, and costing about ten thousand dollars, was dedicated, July 23, 1850, substantially free of debt. The successive pastors have been: Rev. Alfred Eddy, 1849 to 1855; Rev. L. Hawes, 1855 to 1856; Rev. Charles P. Bush, 1857 to September, i859 ; President A. L. Chapin and Professor J. J. Blaisdell, pulpit supplies, one year (a gratuitous service in order to help the church out of debt); Rev. William Adams, 1861 to 1863; Rev. David E. Beach, D. D., 1863 to 1865. Then occurred the union of the "Westminster Presbyterian Church (formed on the west side in 1858) with this First church under Dr. AVilliam Alexander, 1865 to 1869. Rev. Alexander G. Wilson, D. D., served 1870 to 1871; Professor Henry M. Whitney, of Beloit College, supplied the pulpit September 1871 to June 1872. The longest pastorate was that of Rev. John McLean, November, 1872 to 1884. Rev. A. W. Bill served 1885 to 1887, and Rev. Thomas E. Barr, 1887 to 1890 ; Rev. C. D. Merrill was pastor 1890 to 1896, and Thaddeus T. Creswell from 1896 to 1905, when he left for the west on account of ill health, and is now pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Pomona, Cal. Rev. Chauncey T. Edwards, D. D., the present pastor, began his labors here with July, 1905.

In the fall of 1904 two lots, the southwest corner of Public avenue and Prospect street, were purchased at a net cost of $7,500, and June 4, 1905, the corner stone of a new edifice was laid, the building committee being L. Waldo Thompson, J. M. Farnsworth (clerk of session) and W. F. Brown, D. D. This modern gothic edifice of norman gray brick and cut stone, costing about forty-two thousand dollars, was dedicated June 8,. 1906. Fifteen of the young men of this church have entered the ministry. The present membership is 355. Besides the usual Sunday school, with three departments at the church and a home department outside, there is a C. E. society, a ladies' aid society, a woman's missionary society and a men's club of about forty members, and a branch school at 1815 St. Lawrence Ave.

The West Side Presbyterian Church grew out of a union mission Sunday school, organized by Rev. Charles Kelsey, in the year 1900. A chapel was built at the northeast corner of Eleventh and Liberty streets, west side. The opening service was held December 30, 1900. The Sunday school was organized

June 10, 1903, this union mission was organized as the "West Side Presbyterian Church, with twenty-six members. Rev. George W. Luther, who had begun service in December, 1902, remained as stated supply of the church until the spring of 1905. He was succeeded in May, 1905, by the present settled pastor, Rev. R. A. Carnahan.

The session of the church consists of Charles Sandell, clerk ; Charles Cochran and B. A. Bernstein. The present membership of the church, October, 1908, is 112. The Sabbath school of about a hundred members meets in two divisions, with C. Sandell and M. W. Linderman as superintendents, and there is also a home department.

The German Presbyterian Church. May 23, 1869, this church was organized by Rev. Jacob Kolb, and, until 1870, services were held in the American Presbyterian Church. During that year they built a frame church with a capacity of five hundred, and cost $2,464. The pastors have been : Rev. Jacob Kolb, 1869 to 1872; Rev. Joseph Wittenberger, 1872 to 1874; Rev. Mr. Winder, 1874 to 1876; Rev. Martin Wittenberger, 1876 to 18 - . Rev. F. W. Witte followed and remained for about five years. Rev. J. Conzett, December 1, 1884 to June 21, 1891 ; Rev. L. Abels, October 1, 1891 to January, 1892. Several students supplied the pulpit until 1893, when Rev. J. F. Mueller took charge and remained until September, 1894. Rev. W. F. Vogt, November, 1894 to November, 1896 ; Rev. F. Waalkes, June 15, 1897 to February 1, 1899 ; Rev. E. Schuette, D. D., February 1, 1899 to May 31, 1900 ; Rev. J. Figge, December 2, 1900 to March 27, 1904; Rev. H. Krawshaar, May 1, 1904 to November, 1904. September 1, 1905, Rev. A. Krebs took charge and is still (1908) the pastor.

The church, which is located on St. Lawrence avenue, west side, in the center of the city, and the parsonage, together valued at about $5,000, have recently undergone extensive repairs and improvements.

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village school house ; for the next seven years in a brick building erected for school purposes, by Leonard Humphrey. Rev. Harvin Humphrey was the first pastor and labored here until November, 1845, when, on account of his advanced years, he was compelled to resign. He died October 12, 1858, age ninety years. Rev. Stephen Millett succeeded him, and during his rectorship a church edifice was erected. The corner stone was laid in the spring of 1848. The first services were held in the building in December, 1851. Mr. Millett served until February, 1853, and was succeeded in July, 1854, by Rev. John E. C. Smedes, who remained pastor until July 1, 1858. Rev. J. H. Egar succeeding him and remained until February 4, 1861. Seven months later Rev. L. W. Davies became rector and served until October 1, 1868. During his services a rectory was purchased on the corner of Bridge and Bluff streets. Rev. Fayett Royce came on November 1, 1868, and remained in charge of the church for twenty-nine years, and died in 1898. He was succeeded by Rev. Frank Mallett, who remained three years, when Rev. H. J. Purdue became rector, resigning in 1905. In January, 1906, Rev. Joseph Garden was called from the diocese of Massachusetts, and is at present in charge of the church. Under the present rectorship many improvements have been made and the mortgage debt nearly wiped out. The communicant list numbers 350.

St. Thomas' Roman Catholic Church, The first Catholic services recorded in Rock county were held in Beloit, in 1846, by Rev. Father McKernan, who celebrated mass in the house of Captain Powers. There were then in Beloit five Catholic families. In May, 1853, Rev. Father McFaul cared for the Beloit Catholics until June, 1854 ; Father Kundig the next three months ; Father Norris until January 1, 1856; then Father Kundig two months, and Father Norris again until 1859. His successors were Fathers Riordan Smith until 1862, Herman until 1866, and Sullivan until his death in 1883, when Rev. M. J. "Ward was appointed to this field.

The first Catholic church at Beloit was built by Father Norris in 1854. This stone building was destroyed by fire December 23, 1884. The next day one of Father Ward's Presbyterian friends, meeting him, said : "I am sorry for your loss - I'm sorry twenty dollars' worth," and gave him a tv/enty dollar gold piece. In addition to this first contribution toward a new building Father

Ward soon secured enough to erect a new church edifice of brick (on School street, now East Grand avenue, 830), and it was dedicated June 6, 1886.

During his quarter century of service here, completed July 5, 1908, Father Ward has done a great work for temperance and, more than any other man in Beloit, has helped in that reform both within this county and also outside of its bounds.

In 1902 Father Rivers became first assistant in this parish, and was followed in that service by Father Cuyler, and in the latter part of 1903 Father Joseph E. Hanz began that service. Father Ward has the respect and good will of all Beloit citizens, and the personal esteem and love of all his own congregation, who now number 1,560.

Saint Jude's Church, Roman Catholic. This new society was organized in the Knights of Columbia hall, Beloit, Wis., June 24, 1908, and the certificate of incorporation was issued by the secretary of state. September 2, 1908. The trustees are : President, Most Rev. S. 6. Messmer, D. D. ; Very Rev. Joseph Rainer, V. G. ; vice president, Joseph E. Hanz (the pastor) ; secretary, Charles Ramsden. The site chosen is at the corner of Hackett and Roosevelt streets, west side. The treasurer is John Meehan.

First Baptist Church. In the fall of 1837 Rev. S. S. Whitman, a Baptist minister of Belvidere, 111., preached in the "Beloit House" the first sermon ever heard in Beloit. In the winter of 1838-39 Elder Topping, of Delavan, preached in Beloit. For a few years Baptist headquarters were established at the private school of Miss Jane Moore. Rev. Albert Burgess preached in this school house in 1840, and on April 24, 1841, he organized the Baptist Church with fourteen members. At the close of the first year the church numbered forty-three.

In December, 1845, the "Church and Society" was organized, and steps taken to build a meeting house. On January 18, 1846, the trustees resolved to purchase the present site, and $100 was paid for the same. The church edifice of stone (40x60 feet) was finished late in 1847 and dedicated early in 1848.

In the year 1874, under the leadership of Rev, E. P. Savage, the church was rebuilt and the towers added to the front of the structure, making an imposing building. This stood for ten years.

A loss of $15,000 was sustained, covered by $5,000 insurance. Heroic efforts were made by Pastor F. A. Marsh and his people and the church was rebuilt and dedicated in April, 1885.

During the pastorate of Rev. A. W. Runyan the present chapel and parlors were built and a gallery placed in the audience room. These were dedicated in May, 1896.

First Methodist Episcopal Church. This society was formed October 15, 1842, and like other organizations held their services in the village school houses, until their building was erected in 1846. During the pastorate of Rev. C. R. Pattie, from 1870 to 1872, a discussion arose in the society which resulted in the formation of the M. P. Church.

The pastors have been Rev. Mr. Hodge, Rev. Mr. Warren, Rev. Mr. Allen, Rev. Mr. Lewis, Rev. Mr. Beech, Rev. Mr. Ford, Rev. Mr. Thomas, Rev. Mr, Wood, Rev. Wesley Lattin, Rev. P. B. Pease, Rev. C. D. Pillsbury, Rev. William P. Stowe, Rev. W. W. Case, Rev. C. R. Pattie, Rev. A. C. Higginson, Rev. T. E. Webb, Rev. Mr. Bain, Rev. G. S. Hubbs, Rev. Wesley Lattin, Rev. E. L. Eaton, and the Reverends A. J. Benjamin, W. F.

Warren, G. F. Reynolds, Geo. H. Trevor, D. D., George W. White, Henry Colman, D. D., J. D. Cole, T. DeWitte Peake, R. W. Bosworth, D. D., and William A. Newing, the present incumbent, who has served the church for one year previous.

During the pastorate of Rev. George F. Reynolds the old church was remodeled and repaired at a cost of $3,200. During the pastorate of J. D. Cole the church was again remodeled.

November 30, 1903, was the sixty-first anniversary and grand rally day for the Beloit Methodists. Mr. J. W. Powell of Buffalo, N. Y., was present and conducted the campaign for a new church. August 27, 1904, the corner stone was laid. Bishop Warne of Calcutta, India, gave the principal address. The new church, a red brick modern structure, stands on the site of the old church. It was erected at a cost of $31,000, and dedicated May 29, 1905. Great credit is due to the pastor and his people in the hard work done to give to Beloit such a house of worship. The Ladies' Aid Society pledged $6,000 toward the church and over $-1,000 has been paid. The membership is now upwards of 500.

Trinity Lutheran Church, organized in 1871 with nine voting members, is the oldest Lutheran church organization in Beloit. This congregation has been affiliated with the Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America since its organization.

At first it was served chiefly by pastors from Orfordville, Wis., who spoke Norwegian, but has gradually adopted English in its Sunday school work and then in public services. The morning and evening services are conducted alternately in the Norwegian and English languages. The church building, situated on Bluff street, near St. Lawrence avenue, was erected in 1876. The commodious parsonage, 928 Bluff street, was built in 1904. Including men, women and children, the church has at present (1908) a membership of 617 souls.

Bethlehem Evangelistic Lutheran Church was organized by Rev. J. A. Bergh, in the year 1892, with a membership of twentyeight families. The church, on the west side of Oak street, was built in 1893 and dedicated in 1895. The church services are held in the Norwegian and the English languages alternately. The present communicant membership is about 180.

The First Evangelical Lutheran, St. Paul's Church, held its first service in 1873. Reverends Detzer and Reinsch, who lived in other places, preached here on alternate Sundays.

In October, 1874, the church V7as duly organized with six or seven members by Rev. G. Sussner, its first resident minister, who served some six months. He was followed by Rev. Mr. Schneider. In January, 1877, came Rev. J. J. Meier, their minister for two years. Rev. W. Buehring was the pastor from 1879 to 1886. Rev. G. Kaempflein served from January 29, 1886, to April, 1890, and Rev. D. Koshe, from May 13, 1890, to the spring of 1894. Rev. R. Einsiedell, beginning at that time, stayed until November, 1900, and was succeeded by Rev. J! Mettermeier for the next two years. In January, 1903, was called the present pastor, Rev. Paul Piehler.

The church building, at the northeast corner of St. Lawrence avenue and Eighth street, dates from 1882. In 1905 it was lifted several feet toward heaven and a commodious basement was built under it, with some other improvement. The parsonage, 617 St. Lawrence avenue, was built in 1889.

This congregation originated in the need of a distinctively English Lutheran congregation in this city, where there were already four other Lutheran congregations - two German and two Norwegian. From the beginning, it has succeeded in fulfilling its purpose of gathering and saving to the church English speaking Lutherans.

For the first year without a settled pastor, worshiping in town in the old Presbyterian Church, Odd Fellows Hall and Hadden Hall, the work was difficult. Steady progress, however, has marked its career. In May, 1906, the present pastor, the Rev. Paul H. Roth, took charge, a 1906 graduate of the Chicago Lutheran Theological Seminary. That same year, a fine building site on the east side of the corner of Clary street and Harrison avenue was purchased and paid for. In 1907, plans were drawn for a stone church, which, after many alterations and complete re-drawings, were adopted. At this writing (the summer of 1908), the foundations of the church are in and contracts let for the continuing of the building. The church has in the meantime grown from a membership of one-half a dozen to over 200 souls.

History of the Evangelical Lutheran, St. John's Church. The Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Congregation was organized October 18, 1896, with eight voting members. The first officers were : William Samp, F. Wegner and August Nohr. On January 15, 1897, a candidate was called. On this same date the congregation also resolved to build a new church. On February 7, 1897, the congregation was incorporated. With great joy and thanks to God, the new church was dedicated and the first pastor, Rev. H. Studtmann, was inaugurated on the 15th of August, 1897. The congregation now began to grow rapidly. Rev. H. Studtmann left in the summer of 1900. As successor Rev. H. Waltmann was called. He also worked faithfully until the 25th of October, 1903, when he accepted a call to another field. During Rev. Waltmann's pastorate, the parsonage was erected. Rev. H. Waltmann was succeeded by the present pastor. Rev. Paul Schaller. During his time, a teacher was called. The present teacher is Mr. Z. Rodenburg, who is doing his work successfully in the school, numbering fifty-two pupils.

Gridley Chapel, situated at the northeast corner of Strong and Partridge avenues, was built and furnished by William B. Strong as a memorial of his father, Elijah Gridley Strong. The building, which is of red brick and cost $3,500.00, was dedicated August 27, 1899, as a union church. At first Charles Kelsey, a missionary of the American Sunday School Union, took charge of the work. December 3d, 1899, was begun a series of revival meetings, conducted by Rev. Harold F. Sayles for two weeks. January 7th, 1900, Miss Jennie Anna Gale of St. Johnsbury, Vt., who had been the assistant pastor of a church in Brownington, Vt., during the previous year, began service as the minister of this congregation.

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July 27th, 1900, a Christian Endeavor Society was organized with thirty active members and one associate. October 18th, 1900, Rev. Charles Kelsey organized there the Gridley Chapel Sunday School, auxiliary to the American Sunday School Union.

Miss Gale (now Mrs, W. R. Irwin) served just four years and was followed by Rev. Lyman W. Winslow, who was their minister until his failing health obliged him to resign in the spring of 1906 and go to California. After two months of temporary supplies Mr, William Carpenter came and served for the rest of that year. In September, 1907, began the ministry here of the present incumbent. Rev. L. W. Chapman.

The membership of the church is now 105, of which number about sixty-five are resident members. There is a flourishing Sunday school of some two hundred members, besides fifty-eight in a home department. There is a Christian Endeavor Society, a well attended "Mothers' Meeting," and a missionary organization of men, women and children, called the Kingdom Extension Society.

First Church of Christ, Scientist. The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Beloit, Wisconsin, a religious corporation, was incor porated under the laws of the state of Wisconsin in the yeai 1888. Later this corporation was dissolved and was re-incorporated December 23rd, 1904. The organization consists of a board of five trustees and a board of five directors, the former having charge of the business of the church and the latter of ita spiritual direction and welfare.

The public service consists of two readers, first and second reader, one reading from the scriptures and the other from the text-book of the sect, "Science and Health, with Key to the Scriptures," by Mary Baker G. Eddy. These lessons are prepared under the direction of Mrs. Eddy and the publication committee and every church under the organization uses this service each Sabbath. The regular meetings are Sunday morning at 10 :30 and a testimonial meeting each Wednesday evening. The present membership of the Beloit church aggregates about one hundred.

Luther Valley Church. There are no records of the first meetings of the Luther Valley Church, but the Reverend C. L Clausen, from Racine county, preached at the house of Hellik Brekke on the 8th day of February, 1844, and that some kind of an organization was effected we infer from the fact that a call was made to Norway for a minister, stipulating his salary, etc.

Meanwhile Rev. J. C. W. Dietricksen had sailed for America and Luther Valley Church was referred to him. But he located at Koshkonong and the congregation was but sparingly served by him and Clausen until July 31, 1846. when the last named arrived as resident minister, accepting a call that was tendered him on the 29th day of December, 1845. Since then the Luther Valley Church has had a settled pastor.

Rev. Clausen served until 1851, when he resigned and Rev. G. Dietricksen was called. He had charge of the congregation until 1859, when he returned to Norway and his place was occupied by Rev. C. F. Magelsen. Rev. Magelsen continued the work until 1869, when he resigned and the congregation was again temporarily served by its first pastor, the Rev. C. L. Clausen, then of St. Ansgar, la. On his recommendation, the church sent a call to Rev. I. M. Eggen, who accepted and had charge of the congregation until 1882, when he moved to Lyle, Minn., and the present pastor, Rev. J. A. Bergh, began his work.

Until about 1865 southern "Wisconsin formed the center of the Norse population in America, and several important conventions were held in the Luther Valley church - among them may be mentioned that the organization of the Norwegian Synod was begun here in January, 1851, and completed at a meeting in October, 1853.

Of this ecclesiastical body the Luther Valley Church was a charter member, but believing that slavery was a sinful institution, the congregation withdrew from the synod in 1868. This brought the resignation of Rev. Magelsen, and although he was very popular among the people, the resignation was adopted by a vote of 126 to 47. Those that sympathized with the synod.

At first the Luther Valley people of course had to worship in private houses, but a church was built in 1847, It was of lime stone and rather small, but served until 1871, when it was torn down and a new and larger one built on its site. At the same time another church was built in the western part of the congregation. ( ?)

On the first Sunday in Advent, 1846, the Luther Valley Church consisted of sixty-five families, 171 communicants and 250 members; in April, 1882, when Rev. Bergh took charge, it had 111 families, 330 communicants and 571 members, and on August 2nd, 1896, fifty years after the first settled pastor began his work, we find 179 families, 548 communicants and 1,090 members. At the present writing (1907), the church numbers 220 families, about 600 communicants and 1,200 members. Among members baptized, children of parents belonging to the church are counted.

The Luther Valley congregation has two churches, and a parsonage consisting of house and thirty-five acres of land. The parsonage is located in Plymouth, the East church in Newark, and the West church in Spring Valley township. Rock county, Wisconsin.

The church organizations of Janesville began with the first settlements in the country. We learn from the first records, that many of the early settlers were people connected with various church denominations; that a few, meeting together, soon increased to a number sufficient to begin the construction of some kind of a house of worship, which was often a log cabin.

The Methodists seem to have been the pioneers in church organization. The Rev. G. W. Miller, a Methodist Episcopal minister, in his work, "Thirty Years in the Itinerancy," gives the date of the first sermon preached in Janesville, as September, 1837, by the Rev. Jesse Halstead, who was then stationed on the Aztalan circuit ; the services were held in a log house, which was at that time a leading tavern. He was invited to preach to the small audience of about a dozen people, and by removing the liquors from the bar room, they remodeled it into a church, very primitive to be sure, so with the bar as a pulpit, the minister delivered the sermon ; no doubt it was a good one, and was listened to with respect.

In 1839 Rev. James F. Flanders made visits to Janesville, and held services wherever a place was obtainable. His first sermon was delivered in the old tavern, which stood on the present site of the Meyers house. The services were held in different places, but mostly in school houses until 1842, when the first court house was built. This edifice was used alternately by the different religious denominations. Janesville was admitted into the Troy circuit in 1840, and the Rev. James McKean was appointed the first pastor, and preached here once every four weeks ; the Rev. Julius Field held the first quarterly meeting in Janesville in the spring of 1841, formed a class meeting and appointed J. P. Wheeler leader.

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succeeded by Rev. Boyd Phelps in 1843. The Rev. Lyman Catlin was the first minister to have his home in Janesville. Then followed the Rev. F, W. Perkins, S. Adams, J. Lucoek and Wesley Lattin. During the latter 's pastorate, the congregation built their first church; it was of frame, in dimensions 35x25 feet, and was located on the west side of the river, on the east side of Center street. It was opened for worship in 1848.

Mr. Lattin was followed in succession by the Revs. J. M. Snow, O. F. Comfort, Daniel Stansbury, Mr. IMason, Joshia W. Wood and Henry Requa. In July, 1853, they dedicated their brick church, which had just been completed ; it was 75x45 in size, and stood on the corner of Center and Jackson streets (west side) ; the services were conducted by the Rev. John Clark. Mr. Requa was succeeded by the Rev. Alpheus Hamilton, and he was followed by the Rev. Dr. Miller, who has been succeeded in turn by the Revs. H. C. Tilton, J. H. Jenne, R. B. Curtis, A. C. Manwell, W. H. Sampson, D. W. Compt, E. W. Kirkham, C. N. Stowers, Steven Smith, Samuel Lugg, Thomas Clittro and Henry Sewell, 1879-1880; he was followed by Rev. G. W. Wells in 1881. On October 3, 1882, Rev. G. E. Goldthrop was appointed. He remained until October 13, 1885, when Rev. Thomas Walker was appointed. October 1, 1888, Rev. Matthew Evans became pastor. Rev. I. S. Leavitt was appointed September 26, 1892; Rev. J. D. Cole, September 25, 1893; Rev. Andrew Porter, October 1, 1894; Rev. H. W. Thompson, October 5, 1896, and Rev. W. W. Woodside, October 3, 1898; Rev. James Churn, October 14, 1901, and Rev. W. W. Warner was appointed September 15, 1902, and remained pastor of this church until January 30, 1904, when the First Church and the Court Street Methodist Episcopal Church were consolidated, forming a new church, named the Central Methodist Episcopal Church, which occupied the Court Street Church building, with Rev. J. H. Tippett as pastor.

The Court Street Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1867. It was an offshoot of the First Church, whose building was not large enough for the number of members, so there was a division and one-half of the membership left and organized the Court Street Church ; this church edifice was built in 1868 on the corner of Maine and Court streets, east side of the river. The Rev. G. M. Steel was their first pastor. He was followed by the

Rev. Henry Faville was appointed pastor of this church about September, 1880. About 1882, Rev. Olin A. Curtis was appointed. Rev. C. B. Wilcox was appointed October 8, 1883; Rev. T. De- Witt Peake, October 13, 1885 ; Rev. George H. Trevor, October 1, 1888 ; Rev. E. L. Eaton, September 30, 1889 ; Rev. W. F. Requea, September 26, 1892; Rev. Sabin Halsey, October 1, 1894; Rev. W. A. Hall, September 26, 1897, and Rev. J. H. Tippett, October 14, 1901. This church was consolidated with the First Church of Janesville (Methodist) January 30, 1904, forming the Central Methodist Episcopal Church. The building of the First Church was sold and the meetings of the new church were held in the Court Street Church, Rev. J. H. Tippett being retained as pastor of the new society.

Central Methodist Episcopal Church. This church was formed January 30, 1904, by the union of the First Church of Janesville (Methodist) and the Court Street Methodist Episcopal Church. The meetings were held in the building of the former Court Street Church, and Rev. J. H. Tippett became pastor of the united societies. After worshipping about one year under this name, a new church was erected on the corner of South Franklin and Pleasant streets, west side, which was named the Cargill Memorial Church, in consideration of $10,000 donated by William Cargill, of LaCrosse, Wis. The buildings of the First Church and of Court Street Church were sold.

Cargill Memorial Church (Methodist). A fine new church was erected during 1905 and 1906 on the corner of South Franklin and Pleasant streets by the united societies of the First Church of Janesville (Methodist )and the Court Street Methodist Church, then under the name of the Central Methodist Episcopal Church, which, in consideration of a donation of $10,000 from Mr. William Cargill, of LaCrosse, Wis., was named the Cargill Memorial. The buildings belonging to the earlier Methodist societies were sold and the proceeds used toward the erection of the new church, which cost about $60,000, and was dedicated March 4, 1906.

Rev. J. H. Tippett, who was appointed October 1, 1901, as pastor of the Court Street Methodist Church, is the present pastor of the new church. The trustees of this society are H. F. Bliss, T. E. Bennison, W. F. Carle, R. W. Clark, E. E. Loomis,

E. W. Lowell, C. W. Kemmeree, F. T. Richardson and W. I. Rothermel. The stewards are H. G. Arnold, F. J. Barfoot, S. C. Burnham, W. J. Cannon, J. A. Canniff, A. W. Hall, J. B. Richards, J. L. Hay, F. Hurd, George A. Jacobs, W. J. Mclntyre, T. W. Nuzum and I. Richards. T. E. Bennison is superintendent of the Sunday school. The Ladies' Aid Sodality has for its president, Mrs. Elizabeth Boomer. There is a men's league of 100 members connected with the church, of which Prof. Delbert D. Manross is president. The Epworth League is a society of young people and has for its president George A. Jacobs.

The Congregationalists. The first meetings of this denomination held in Janesville were composed of a few members, who met in the school house or at the residence of some member in 1843. Their numbers were small at first, and they held no regular services until 1844, when the Rev. C. H. A. Bulkley took up the work, and on February 11, 1845, with the assistance of the Rev. Stephen Peet, he organized the First Congregational church of Janesville. The following is a list of the organizing members: Joseph Spauldiug, Erastus Dean, Benjamin Morrill, Chester Dean, Mrs. Elmira H. Dewey, Mrs. Lamira Culver, Miss Susan French, Mrs. Lydia Spauldiug, Mrs. Judith Dean, Mrs. B. Morrill, Mrs. Hannah T. French, Mrs. Lydia Sears, Mrs. Eleanor Strunk, Frances Chesebrough and Luke Chesebrough.

In July, 1846, the Rev. Mr. Buckley was succeeded by the Revs. William C. Scofield, M. P. Kinney, G. W. Mackie, F. B. Rev. Hiram Foot. Other successions in order have been : The Norton, Lyman Whiting. George AVilliams, T. P. Sawin and S. P. Wilder. In 1849 a brick church was built, and in the summer of 1851, an addition to the building was made. In 1865-66 the entire structure was torn down and a new church was constructed throughout at a cost of $57,000, including an organ that cost $6,500. In May, 1875, the church was destroyed by fire. They immediately set to work to rebuild the burned structure, and the result of their efforts was one of the handsomest church buildings then in Wisconsin.

The officers now (1908) are: William Bladon, J. T. Wright, E. Heller, J. F. Spoon, S. B. Lewis, J. A. Craig, 0. D. Bates, C. A. Thompson, W. S. Jeffris, H. M. Dedrick, A. M. Fisher, H. C. Buell, George Davis and Peter Jamieson, deacons. The trustees are

The church societies, Women's Missionary, Ladies' Benevolent, The Social Club, Social Club Auxilliary, Loani Band of King's Daughters, Y. P. S. C. E., Wee Folks Band, Covenant Club, Congregational Boy's Club, Congregational Young Men's Club. The present pastor is Robert C. Denison.

The First Presbyterian Church, of Janes ville, Wis., was organized in the old stone Academy building May 5, 1855, by a committee of Dane presbytery, consisting of Rev. Mr. Gardner, of Madison: Rev. Mr. Parks and Rev. Moses W. Staples, who had recently come from Marshall, Texas. Rev. Dr. Savage, of Milwaukee presbytery, and Rev. Mr. Robertson, the synodical missionary, acted with them.

Of the twelve charter members, all of whom were received by letter, Warren Norton, Mrs. Lydia B. Norton, John D. W. Rexford, Mrs. Synthia M. Rexford, Lyman J. Barrows, M. D., Mrs. Caroline J. Barrows, Auston E. Burpee, Mrs. Eliza Burpee, Joseph A. Graham, Mrs. Elizabeth Graham, Samuel Lightbody, Mrs. Mary Miller, only two survive, Mrs, C. M. Rexford and Mrs. C. J. Barrows. The church was duly organized, Mr. Gardner preaching the sermon from Nehemiah 2:18: "Let us rise up and build." J. D. W. Rexford and Warren Norton were elected and installed elders. On the next Sabbath communion service was observed and Mrs. M. W. Staples was received by letter. During the following week the trustees purchased a lot (the site of the old building) and arrangements were made to erect a chapel. In the latter part of May, Mrs. Staples visited at St. Louis to solicit financial aid for the building and returned in two weeks with sufficient to justify breaking ground at once. Early in September the chapel was dedicated. In October, 1856, the synod of Wisconsin held its sessions in the new chapel and Mr. Staples was duly installed as pastor. At that date the membership of the church had more than quadrupled, being then fifty-three. Mr, Staples continued pastor till the summer of 1858. He subsequently served in the pastorate at Kankakee, 111., and as secretary of the Virginia Bible Society, dying September 3, 1892, at Catskill, N. Y. On October 10, 1858, the Rev. Oliver Bronson was chosen pastor and installed on the 24th day of the same month.

The succeeding pastors were: Rev. George C. Heckman, August, 1860 to 1861; Rev. Mr. Carpenter, 1861 to 1862; Rev. Charles Lemuel Thompson from Horicon, Wis., April, 1862, to February, 1869 (now secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions) ; Rev. D. G. Bradford, June, 1868, to December, 1869; Rev. Thomas C. Kirkwood, May, 1871, to February, 1873 (now synodical missionary for Colorado) ; Rev. Joseph W. Sanderson, September, 1873, to January, 1880; Rev. William Fiske Brown, October, 1880, to October, 1903. W^hen Milwaukee presbytery met in the little old Presbyterian church at Janesville in May, 1871, Mr. Brown, then a home missionary at Black River Falls, Wis., was there ordained by them as an evangelist. Of his thirteen years' pastorate, the most memorable reminder is the new church, built free of debt, costing about $17,000, exclusive of the lot, which was $2,300; the organ, $2,500, and memorial windows and furniture represented about $2,000 more. The corner stone was laid June 12, 1891, and the building was dedicated February 18, 1892, paid for by the 260 different subscriptions which Mr. Brown then reported and which made ten feet of names.

Mr. John G. Rexford writes: "But the planning and building of this edifice was not the only important event that marked Dr. BrowTi's pastorate; the records show a steady growth. April 1, 1881, there were 150 members, and the total contribution for the year was $1,630. April 1, 1903, there were 264 members, Sunday school 273, and the year's contributions had been $3,524. During these thirteen years of his pastorate, 260 names were added to the church roll. June 14, 1891, fifty-eight new members were received, of whom fifty-five then first made public profession of Christian faith."

Rev. Edward H. Pence served from November, 1893, to March. 1900, having 275 additions to the church. (He is now pastor of the prominent Fort Scott church, of Detroit, Mich.) Rev. J. T. Henderson, from Parkville, Mo., was pastor from September 9, 1900, to 1905, and received 140. During his pastorate a parsonage was bought. Rev. J. W. Laughlin, D. D., was installed in October, 1905. In May, 1908, the church reports 505 members; the Sunday school, 350. (Both Sanderson and Brown were elected at different times to the office of synodical missionary for Wisconsin.)

The list of elders to date is Warren Norton, John DeWitt Rexford, Fred L. Chapman, Henry Pullan, Willard Merrill, Daniel Urquhart, E. Storrs Barrows, Charles H. Gates, Samuel Rolston, Edward Ruger, John Stockman, John H. Kinney, F. S. Eldred, James Blair, Henry S. Calkins, Myron H, Soverhill, L. J. Barrows, M. D., William H. Blair, James Shearer, James Mouat, Samuel Waddell, A. A. Jackson, J. M. Shackleton, James Mills, M, D., Robert Airis and James Lamb. Edward Ruger, first elected in 1873, has been in almost continuous service ever since, and is senior member of the present session.

The Catholic Churches of Janesville. Father Morrisy, one of the three Catholic priests in Wisconsin in 1846, was located in Milwaukee. He used to make trips to Janesville on horseback, to visit the members of his church, who were quite numerous among the early settlers. He visited this and other towns on the river, and, when coming here, held services and performed marriage ceremonies at the house of James Torny, until 1847 ; he was then succeeded by the Rev. Patrick Kernan, who made monthly visits to this city. He first assembled his flock in the old brick school house on Center street, but in a few months a small brick building was erected for their use, and the church called St. Patrick's. The Rev. Michael McFaul succeeded Father Kernan, and the building was enlarged to meet the needs of the congregation. Rev. Michael Smith followed McFaul, and remained for one year, when Father Kernan returned to the charge, and remained until 1854. Then the Rev. John Conroy was placed in charge of the church. As the membership had increased greatly, Father Conroy commenced working on the project of building a new church, a solid and beautiful structure, in which he was successful. His successor, J. M. Doyle, beginning in January, 1864, completed the new building and also built near by the convent of St. Joseph for the Sisters of Mercy in 1870. On account of a large mortgage, the church building had to be sold to a non-Catholic in 1881. In June, 1880, Rev. E. M. McGinnity took charge. He personally guaranteed the owner of the building $500, provided it was thrown open three Sundays. This was done, and on the third Sunday a collection was taken amounting to $800. Father McGinnity then began a personal canvass of his parishioners and secured a sum large enough to pay off the greater part of the indebtedness of that parish. He has since com- pleted that work of redemption and added various improvements, a $6,000 parsonage and an altar costing $1,200. He became Dean McGinnity, and when he died this year (1908) the parish comprised about 2,500 souls.

St. Patrick's has a branch of the Catholic Knights of Wisconsin, Holy Rosary Confraternity, St. Patrick's T. A. and B. Society, Young Ladies' Sodality, Union Catholic League, Altar Society League of the Sacred Heart, and Ladies' Aid Society to help the poor.

St. Mary's (Catholic) Church. A movement was made in 1876 toward the formation of a new Catholic parish in the city of Janesville, the congregation of St. Patrick's, then the only Catholic parish in the city, having outgrown its church building. A number of meetings were held looking toward this object during that year, and a building site was purchased on March 3, 1876, on the northwest corner of Wisconsin and North streets. On March 14 of the same year, the contract was let for building the new church, a plain frame building, which was completed in July, 1876. Rev. Michael Obermueller, of Monroe, Wis., celebrated mass for the new congregation and conducted services twice during the succeeding August.

On Monday, September 4, 1876, the Rev. John Stephen Muenich was installed as the first regular pastor. The congregation increased rapidly and it was soon found necessary to enlarge the church. An addition of about twenty feet was made, and, after its completion, the new church was dedicated on Thanksgiving day, November 30, 1876, by the Very Rev. Martin Kundig, vicar general of the diocese of Milwaukee.

During a vacation trip to Europe which Father Muenich took in 1880, Rev. Bernard B. Smedding took charge of the parish and served as pastor from April to November of that year. Father Muenich resigned June 1, 1881, leaving the church in a prosperous condition.

made on the church lot, the residence of the priest was decorated and furnished, the church frescoed and painted, a new altar built and a handsome organ purchased. Property was also secured for school purposes.

Father Eoche severed his connection with the parish September 11, 1898, and was succeeded by Eev. W. A. Goebel, at that time pastor of St. Patrick's Church at Eipon, Wis.

Father Goebel immediately set about planning for the erection of a larger church, the congregation having outgrown the first building, and the following building committee was chosen : Eev. W. A. Goebel, Andrew Barron (secretary), John Champion (treasurer), Fred Eoesling, Sr., Edward J. Eyan (attorney for the congregation), Peter Neuses, William Kennedy, John S. Doran. This committee visited many new churches in Wisconsin and Illinois and in the spring of 1899, plans drawn by F. H. Kemp, under the supervision of Father Goebel and Fred Eoesling, Sr., were adopted. Mr. Eoesling was an architect and contractor, and gave up most of his time for two years in supervising the construction of the building. Father Goebel rendered valuable assistance in this work, devoting every moment to the service which could be spared from his duties as pastor.

During the summer of 1900, the old church and the rectory were moved to make room for a new building, and, soon after, excavation was made for the foundation. On May 30, 1901, the corner stone was laid, Father E. J. Eoche, the former pastor, officiating at the ceremony. Father L. J. Vaughn preached the sermon.

The ceremony of dedication for the new church, which took place June 14, 1902, was performed by Bishop Muldoon of Chicago, in the absence of Archbishop Katzer of Milwaukee.

The church, which is of Menominee red brick, with a foundation of Waukesha stone, stands on the east side on a hill overlooking the city and presents a fine appearance. The interior is handsomely furnished and decorated and the windows are rich and beautiful, many of them having been presented as memorials by members of the congregation. The church was built at a cost of $50,000, which sum does not include gifts or donations.

There are various societies connected with the church : The Guard of Honor, which is composed of men of the congregation, both young ancl old. John J. Lynch is its president. The mar- ried Ladies' Sodality has for its prefect Mrs. J. M. Kneff; Mrs. N. Casey is the secretary and Mrs. A. Pierce treasurer. Of the Young Ladies' Sodality, ]\Iiss Belle Connell is prefect, Miss Mamie Cantwell secretary and Miss Laskowski treasurer.

Rev. William A. Goebel, pastor of St. Mary's Catholic Church at Janesville, Wis., was born at Marietta, Ohio, November 26, 1857, and is a son of Louis and Maria (Schilling) Goebel, both natives and life-long residents of that place. He acquired his preliminary education in his native town and supplemented this with a course of study at Marietta college, followed by courses of study in Toronto, Ont., and at St. Francis' seminary, in Milwaukee, Wis., where he was ordained to the ministry on June 24, 1881. In August following his ordination, Rev. Goebel was appointed to take charge of a mission at Kingston, Wis., and after two years of successful work there, he, in September, 1883, was given a charge in Ripon, Wis., whence in 1898 he was transferred to his present pastorate in Janesville.

Rev. Goebel is a man of intense energy, thoroughly consecrated to the work to which he has dedicated himself, and by his pure, simple, earnest and devoted life, holds the confidence and esteem not only of his immediate parishioners, but also of the community and all who come within the scope of his influence. Through his instrumentality and under his direction, a new and splendid church edifice has been erected at a cost of $51,000, the corner stone being laid in May, 1901, and the completed building being dedicated in June, 1902. In all his work, Rev. Goebel brings to bear the force of a strong personality, and to this, coupled with his various attainments and firm reliance upon Him whom he seeks to faithfully follow and serve, is to be attributed the gratifying results of his activity.

The Unitarian Church. As early as 1842, clergymen of the Universalist faith paid occasional visits to Janesville, among whom may be mentioned the Revs. S. Barns, G. W. Lawrence, C. F. La Favre and Frank Whitaker. The latter gentleman preached at both Beloit and Janesville. In 1850 the "First Universalist Society" was organized, with the Rev. J. Baker as pastor. He filled the pulpit for two years, and was succeeded by the Rev. C. F. Dodge, of Palmyra, who was their pastor for one year. After this date there seems to have been a lack of interest, though meetings were held, but not regularly, until

1864, when the Rev. F. M. Holland, a Unitarian minister, arrived at Janesville; on February 16 a meeting was held in Lappin's hall, which Avas largely attended, and the organization of "The First Independent Society of Liberal Christians of Janesville" was perfected and incorporated. The following were the trustees elected : Orvin Guernsey, Samuel G. Bailey, Levi Alden, James M. Burgess, George "W. Bemis and Jonathan Church. During the time of Mr. Holland's Pastorate, meetings were held in Hope Chapel which was later the German Lutheran Church, on West Milwaukee street. The society grew very rapidly, and soon it became apparent that more room was needed and measures were taken to build a church to their needs, the result being the construction of All Soul's Church, on West Court street. The church was dedicated in 1866, by the Rev. Robert Collyer, the Rev. Silas Farrington, who succeeded Mr. Holland, being the pastor at the time. He was succeeded in turn by the Revs. Charles F. Balch, J. Fisher. Rev. Jenkin Lloyd Jones, now of Chicago, 111., was pastor of the Unitarian Church until August 30, 1880. During the three years following, the society was without a regular pastor, and the pulpit was supplied from the liberal churches of other cities. On February 5, 1884, Rev. H. Tambs Lyche took charge as pastor and remained for about one year. The church was closed for six months and October 1, 1885, Rev. Joseph Waite accepted a call. He resigned April 1, 1888. Rev. Charles F. Elliott succeeded Mr. Waite, his pastorate beginning on September 1, 1888, and ending May 1, 1891. September 1, 1891, Rev. Sophie Gibb took charge and remained till September 11, 1894. She was followed by Rev. Victor E. Southworth, who was pastor for two years. February 12, 1899, Rev. A. G. Wilson came, remaining about one year and a half. At a meeting of the trustees of the society, held April 25, 1901, it was decided to sell the church property, sealed bids for its purchase having been received, and on the next day, April 26, 1901, the sale was made to Dr. E. F. Woods. At the time of the sale the trustees, who are still holding office (1908), were as follows: William A. Smith, chairman; Walter Helms, secretary and treasurer; William H. Greenman, W. H Merritt, Fred Howe.

The mutual improvement club was organized in the winter of 1873-4 and caried on its meetings until the winter of 1884-85. Its officers then were: Treasurer, Lily M. Godden; secretary,

Ida Harris; librarian, Zelia Harris. Two other literary clubs were connected with the church following the disbanding of the Mutual Improvement Club - the Fortnightly Club and the Culture Club. They were shortlived and the minutes have not been preserved.

The First Baptist Church, of Janesville, was organized October 13, 1844. The old records have been lost, but according to reliable verbal statements there were thirteen constituent members.

In 1851 the first house of worship was built at a cost of $5,- 000. Subsequently this edifice was sold. A temporary church home in the Hyatt block was christened "The Baptist Tabernacle." One wintry night it was burned to the ground. Driven from this home, the church established itself in Lappin's hall until the second edifice was built in 1868. This was a magnificent structure, and for nearly a score of years the church worshipped and prospered within its walls. But in 1884 this building was also burned. During the erection of the present house of worship there was for a year an interchange of courtesy with the Congregationalists. They furnished the church, and this society furnished the minister, Rev. Dr. M. G. Hodge. The church home is a beautiful sanctuary loved sincerely by many hearts.

The Episcopal Church. The history of this church in Janesville dates from August, 1844, when the Rev. Thomas J. Ruger came to Janesville as a missionary, sent out by the Domestic Board of Missions, from the diocese of New York. On September 18 a meeting was held for the purpose of organizing an Episcopal church, and at this meeting the following wardens and ves- trymen were elected : Wardens, "William Lupton and J. Bodwell Doe ; vestrymen, William B. Sheldon, A. Hyatt Smith, John J. R. Pease, Guy Stoughton, Joseph Croft, A. C. Wood, A, C. Bailey and Isaac Woodle. Until January, 1846, services were held in the small brick school house on the corner of Milwaukee and Bluflf streets. At the end of two years a parish was organized. Mr. Ruger became rector, and remained in that position until 1855. At a vestry meeting held July 5, 1847, it was voted that a church building should be constructed without delay. Lot 83, in Smith & Bailey's addition, west side, was donated by A. Hyatt Smith, and the work of building Trinity Church was begun. The building was constructed in June, 1848. The list of rectors who have been in charge since the formation of the parish are in order following: The Revs. Thomas Ruger, Samuel S. Ethridge, J. M. Coe, Hiram Beers, Fayette Durlin, George Wallace and F. W. McLean.

Christ Episcopal Church. In the year 1859, owing to some differences which are liable to occur, and which did occur, there was a division in Trinity Church, and steps were taken toward organizing another. Meetings were held in Lappin hall, and the Rev. Thomas J. Ruger was chosen as their rector. On September 20, 1859, they effected a permanent organization, and the following officers were elected : George Cannon, senior warden ; Frank M. Smith, junior warden ; vestrymen, John J. R. Pease, L. F. Patten, Lewis E. Stone, Shubael W. Smith, Hiram Jackman, B. Wheeler, John E. Jenkins and George Barnes. Lappin 's hall being very much in demand, they were compelled to look elsewhere for a convenient place to worship. Colonel Ezra Miller offered the society the use of the Ogden house dining room, which was accepted and used until 1861. At a meeting of the vestrymen held April 4, 1861, a lot was purchased of Hamilton Richardson on Court street, near the east end of the public square, and a contract made with V. G. Nettleton to build a church. It was consecrated October 31, 1861, by the Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper, D. D., bishop of the diocese of Wisconsin. The following gentlemen have officiated as rectors of the church since its organization: Revs. Thomas J. Ruger, Henry W. Spaulding, D. D., Robert W. Woolsey, E. Tolson Baker, Joseph Wood, George W. Dunbar and Rev. Lee Royce in 1877, who was succeeded in 1881 by Rev. C, M. Pullen. In 1887, Rev. H. W. Spaulding, who took charge as rector of the church in December, 1859, was recalled, and remained in charge until September, 1889, when Rev. H. Baldwin Dean became rector. Rev. A. H. Barrington was called to the rectorship February 1, 1891, and resigned November, 1905. The church was without a rector until May 9, 1906, when Rev. John McKinney, the present incumbent, became rector.

Vestry: Senior warden, William Ruger; junior warden, Robert M. Bostwick. Jr.; vestrymen, George S. Parker, Jr., William Sayles, George Smith, William Skelly, Joseph L. Bostwick and Norman L. Carle. Robert M. Bostwick, Jr., is treasurer of the society and William Ruger, Jr., is clerk of the vestry.

St. Paul's Lutheran Church was first established here in 1865, with Rev. H. Ernst as the first pastor. Meetings of members of this faith had been held at different times as early as 1855. The Rev. F. Locher and the Rev. A. Wagner had preached here frequently, but no stated or regular meetings were held util 1865. In 1870 the Rev. Mr. Duberg was chosen as their pastor, and two years later he was succeeded by the Rev. G. Rousch, and was followed by the Rev. J. Schlerf. In 1867 the society purchased Hope Chapel from the Baptists, for w^hich they paid $2,500. The original members of the congregation came from Pomerania and Mecklenburg in Germany. Rev. John Scherf served from September 1, 1875, to September, 1888, and was followed by Rev. Max. J. F. Albrecht, from October, 1888, to July, 1891. He was followed by the Rev. Christ. John Koesner, from July 5, 1891, and who is at present (1908) its pastor.

The church was erected in 1883, and in 1889 the congregation purchased a large pipe organ, costing $1,400. The steeple was built in 1893, and three large bells were purchased for $1,000 at the time.

The Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church had its first beginning in Janesville in 1855, when meetings were held in a small apartment near the court room, and they also rented of other denominations occasionally. In 1873 they built a church near the depot at a cost of $2,700. Among the original members were A. Anderson, S. Trulson, M. Hanson and C. C. Peterson. The first pastor was Eev. Adolph Preuss, who has been succeeded by the Eevs. Duus, Duberg and C. F. Magelson.

United Brethren in Christ. This church was organized, and the first services were held on Sunday, May 10, 1908, in their new church building, which, with the parsonage just completed, cost $20,000. Eev. L. A. Mclntyre, pastor.

In April, 1897, First Church of Christ, Scientist, Janesville, Wis., was organized with twenty-two charter members. The Christian Science church, being based on the healing of sin and sickness, as preached and practiced by Jesus, the membership consists of those who have had proofs of this healing in their own experience.

The Christian Science church has no pastor in the usual sense of the word. The Bible and the Christian Science text-book are their only preachers. This text-book is ''Science and Health, with Key to the Scriptures," by Mary Baker G. Eddy.

Two readers are elected from the church membership every three years. Those who have served as first readers are Miss Stella F. Sabin, Mrs. Clara J. Persels, Mrs. Helen C. Sherer and Mr. Marshall P. Eichardson.

Church services are held at present in the hall formerly occupied by the city library. The church owns a lot on the corner of High and Pleasant streets and now has a growing building fund for the erection of a church edifice. The membership has more than doubled and the average attendance at Sunday services is between sixty-five and seventy.

St. Peter's Church. The congregation of St. Peter's was organized by Eev. A. C. Anda, western field secretary, February 6, 1903. Nineteen charter members signed the constitution and with but few additions were the sole representatives of English

Janesville Chueches 297

Lutherans in central Wisconsin for the year and a half that services were conducted by Chicago seminary students, in the small hall down town. In June, 1904, the congregation took possession of the church property at Jackson and Center streets, which was purchased from the Methodists at a very low price. At this time Rev. W. P. Christy was installed as pastor. In the summer of 1905 a new roof and new chancel platform and arches, new furniture and carpets were added at a cost of $1,000. In 1906 a large, two manual, electric organ was purchased, rebuilt and installed at a cost of $1,200. With these material improvements, which represent a value from $15,000 to $16,000, the congregation has been correspondingly blessed with substantial increase and numbers at this time more than 350 souls.

This congregation has been self-supporting from its very beginning, and its only obligation to the church at large is a $3,000 church extension loan. It is a substantial evidence of what can be done in 100 other places on the territory of our synod, where the church is ready with the men and an adequate church extension fund to possess fields ripe unto the harvest. Rev. W. P. Christy is still (1908) pastor.

The German Evangelical Lutheran. St. John's congregation was organized in the spring of 1890, by Rev. George Kaempflein. There were sixteen members to vote. Church and parish were dedicated September 9 of the same year. Rev. George Kaempflein stayed with the congregation until his death, which occurred on April 9, 1898. Since then until this day, Rev. Paul F. Werth has been the officiating minister.

A new parish house was built in 1902, provided with modern conveniences. At present the congregation consists of 100 voting members, 300 members admitted to communion, while the total membership is 500.

Young Men's Christian Association, of Janesville, was organized in April, 1892. The first officers were B. F. Dunwiddie, president; Thorw^aldson Judd, vice-president; J. B. Hayner, secretary; 0. G. Bennett, treasurer. There was a membership roll of sixty and meetings were held in the different churches of the city. A movement was almost immediately started to raise funds by public subscription for the erection of a suitable building, but the hard times of 1893 to 1896 impeded progress to such an extent that the building was not completed till 1905-06, at a cost of $33,-

000, to which was added $2,000 for equipment. During the year 1901 a dormitory was erected by Mrs. M. P. Leavett and added to the original building at a cost of $5,750, which included makes the total cost of the building about $40,000.

During the fall of 1903, a woman's auxiliary was organized, and is a strong adjunct to the association. In 1893, Mr. J. C. Kline was called as general secretary of the association, which position he still holds (1908). There are now a total of 445 members, with officers as follows: F. F. Lewis, president; Dr. E. E. Loomis, vice-president; L. K. Crissey, treasurer, and Dr. F. M. Richards, recording secretary.

At the twenty-fifth anniversary of Beloit College, Tuesday afternoon, July 9, 1872, its first and only president, up to date, Aaron L. Chapin, gave the following account of the beginning of that institution.

"The first scene is in the old stone church, in the fall of 1843. That old stone church was not quite finished, but when completed a few weeks later it was the most stately and grand house of Christian worship then in Wisconsin. At the time (that fall) it was made comfortable for the meeting of the general Presbyterian and Congregational convention of Wisconsin, whose members at that fall session numbered just twenty-eight, representing all parts of the territory of Wisconsin into which Christian civilization had then made its way. It was my first introduction to that body. I found those men then and there thinking on a college. They had been thinking on it for a year or more. Less than ten years after Black Hawk and his wild Indian troop had been chased by the Illinois volunteers up through this Rock River valley those pioneers of Christ's army had come in and entertained the thought of planting a college, on the colony plan, away up by the Beaver's Dam on the headwaters of this clear stream. They abandoned that scheme only because it had the smack of a private money speculation.

"In the early summer of 1844, in a little stateroom of the steamer Chesapeake on Lake Erie, were delegates returning from a northwest gathering called to consider the interests of Christ's kingdom in the wide Mississippi valley. They were Stephen Peet, Baldwin, J. J. Miter, Gaston, Hicks, Bulkley and Chapin.

"The Western College Society was organized and its secretary, Baldwin, said that a hand from the East would be stretched out to help on the establishment of a genuine Christian college in the West. Stephen Peet enlarged on that point ; his words kindled hope and enthusiasm in the rest; there was earnest consultation and fervent prayer, and Beloit College became a living conception. These seven then and there took the responsibility of calling a meeting of the friends of Christian education in Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa for definite consultation on the matter.

"August 6, 1844, that meeting convened in the old stone church, Beloit. Four came from Iowa, twenty-seven from Illinois, twenty-five from Wisconsin - in all, fifty-six delegates. For two days they talked and prayed, and finally decided that a college and a female seminary should be established, each near the border line. A committee of ten was appointed to consider and report at a future convention. This met in October, 1844, with fifty members from Illinois and Wisconsin, affirmed the purpose of a college, but deferred action. A third convention, numbering sixty-eight, met in May, 1845, and after earnest and prayerful discussion, with only one dissenting vote, located the college in Beloit. In October, 1845, a fourth. convention met, adopted a form of charter, and elected a board of trustees for the college; and so the ship was launched. The first meeting of that board was held October 23, 1845, immediately after the convention adjourned. There were eight - Kent, Peet, Hickox, Clary, Pearson, Fisher, Talcott and Chapin. Mr. Kent said, 'Let us pray.' That fervent prayer from his lips was the first cry of life of the infant college."

In 1846 Beloit pledged a site of ten acres for the college and the erection of the first building, and for the latter purpose raised a subscription of seven thousand dollars. Major Williams, of New London, Conn., had donated lands which were expected to realize ten thousand dollars, and another small tract had been given which was later sold for one thousand dollars.

When Bushnell came on April 27, 1848 the college had no money. The Beloit subscription of seven thousand dollars had dwindled to five thousand; of this, four thousand had been collected and spent in the summer of 1847, in putting up the bare brick walls of Middle College, the cornerstone being laid June 24. For six months previous to his arrival Middle College had stood fi.oorless, windowless and roofless, without any means to finish it. Five young men had been fitted for college in the Beloit Semi- nary under S. T. ]\[errill, and were organized into a freshman class in 1847. Early in May, 1848, this class was transferred by Merrill to Bushnell, who took charge of them a few weeks until the June meeting of the trustees.

On the last of May, 1848, Joseph Emerson arrived. His first question to Bushnell was, "Can we have a college here?" Bushnell's reply was, "Yes; if we will make it."

June 1 the trustees met and assigned to Emerson the department of languages and to Bushnell that of mathematics. Outsiders said that Beloit must finish that college building, or outside funds could not be obtained. For three weeks Professor Bushnell and Deacon Hinman visited the community and talked up the college. There was some pro-slavery sentiment and opposition to an abolition college. A public meeting was held in June, and it was voted that Beloit ought to raise two thousand more to complete the college building. Subscriptions were made on the spot. Mr. Spafford C. Field said he had no money but could give 160 acres of land ; that proved the most important subscription of all, for it was sold for four hundred dollars. The total for that evening was twenty-four hundred dollars. Then three committees were appointed - one for the college, one for the farmers, and one for the business men, the chairman of the last being Benjamin Brown. This third committee raised the most, and altogether brought the new subscription up to four thousand dollars ; these sums, however, were only on paper, and not paid. The winter of 1848-49 was a time of money scarcity ; wheat was about thirtyseven cents per bushel and pork, one and three-quarter cents per pound. The work of finishing the building went on slowly, and the workmen were paid mainly in orders on the stores. Besides the sale of the Field land, scarcely three hundred dollars in cash was collected from the whole subscription ; that was paid by orders, labor, material, and in any way the building agent, Mr. Samuel Hinman, could devise ; and so the building absorbed nearly the whole. Eight hundred dollars realized from the sale of the Williams land, donated for endowment, had been also used in the work.

In 1847 Deacon Samuel Hinman had moved to Beloit from what is now Waukesha, then Prairieville, and had taken charge of the work of building that first college building.

that amount. But a lot immediately south of the college ground was bought for fifty dollars ; boys were employed to gather cobblestones from the bed of Turtle creek. All the broken brick about the college were utilized to fill up the wall behind this stone faced work, and the subscriptions of work were used in building there a private residence which became the Hinman house. There Chester Clark worked out his subscription, laying those cobblestones with the mason help of Rev. Johnson, editor of "The Stumbling- Stone." The Messrs. Gates made the cut-stone for the corners. About eight-hundred dollars' worth of subscriptions were thus worked into the building, which with the ground cost fourteen hundred and seventy-five dollars. It was sold to Mr. Hinman for all it cost and the money used from the college investment fund was replaced.

During 1848 and 1850 Mrs. S. W. Hale, of Newburyport, Mass., was led to help us through Professor Emerson. As a result she gave five thousand acres of land in Coles county, eastern Illinois, which brought to the Beloit College about thirty-five thousand dollars.

At the semi-centennial of the college, celebrated June 23, 1897, Horace White, of New York city, a graduate of the class of 1853, gave his vivid remembrances of those early days, partly as follows :

"Under Mr. Merrill's tuition I began the study of algebra and of Latin and Greek. In 1845 my mother married Mr. Samuel Hinman, of Waukesha, Wis., one of the best men that ever lived, and we went to his farm near that village, where we remained a year or two. His election as superintendent of the first building erected for Beloit College brought us back here in the spring of 1847. This was the year in which the first freshman class was formed, the year in which the corners]tone of Middle College was laid.

"I remember the time when the five young men constituting the first freshman class studied alongside of us younger ones in the old basement, under Mr. Llerrill, who was acting president and professor of all departments in Beloit College until the advent of Professors Bushnell and Emerson in the month of May,

1848. I remember the coming of those two seers of Israel and the laying of the cornerstone aforesaid. The college building was in course of construction a long time, and the five freshmen (grown to be sophomores) recited their lessons in a room of Lucius G. Fisher's house down on the river bank. It was a severe struggle on all hands to get that college building under a roof. We children - that is, the Hinman children and the White children - had these troubles served up to us daily because Deacon Hinman had charge of the work, for which he received a salary of five hundred dollars per year; and this was all that a family of ten had to live on. We thought we lived pretty well, however.

We produced our own vegetables and poultry, our own pork and milk and butter. The cows grazed freely on the open prairie round about, and were lured homeward by an enticement of bran at the close of each day. We had a wood lot which supplied our fuel, and I cut down the trees. Tea and coffee were unknown luxuries to us, but we were as well off in this respect as Crcesus was. Sugar was scarce, but we had more of it than Julius Caesar had. There was abundance of fish in the streams, and of game in the woods and fields. Prairie chickens, wild pigeons, wild ducks and wild geese were to be had in the greatest profusion during their season, together with an occasional deer and an occasional bear. During my senior year in college (1853) it was not an uncommon occurrence to find a flock of quails in our dooryard picking up crumbs in competition with the chickens. Blackberries, strawberries, wild plums, wild grapes, hickory nuts, hazelnuts and black walnuts were to be had for the trouble of gathering them, and as for wild flowers I cannot begin to tell you how the prairies, the woods and the river banks glowed with them. The habitat of many of these flowers extended to the base of the Rocky Mountains on the west and to the headwaters of the Saskatchewan on the north, as I discovered a few years since while making a journey to the Pacific coast by the Canadian Pacific railway.

"So you see that a salary of five hundred dollars for a family of ten, plus the bounties of nature and our own industry, was not a niggardly allowance. Yet I fancy that the salaries offered to Professors Bushnell and Emerson, of six hundred dollars per year, coupled with the proviso, "if we can raise it," did not constitute the moving consideration with them. Ah, those noble- minded, high-principled men! "What can I say in their praise? "What can I not say, of them and of those who came a little later, President Chapin, Professor Lathrop, Professor Porter? These five constituted the faculty during my undergraduate course. Two of them are still alive, thank God, to see the fiftieth anniversary of the institution to which they gave their lives. Professor Porter, according to my recollection, came hither a victim of consumption, and w^as not expected to live more than three years. If Beloit were as good for all invalids as it has been for him, it would be the most popular health resort in the United States."

The following paper, abridged, given at the semi-centennial by President Chapin 's son, Kobert C. Chapin, Ph.D., professor of political economy in the college, together with his supplementary statement, sufiiciently complete this record to date :

We may distinguish four well-defined epochs in the life of the institution, each of about twelve years. First is the formative period, from 1847 to the election of Lincoln ; then the war period, extending, with its influences, down to about 1873 ; third, the period of intensive growth, to the inauguration of President Eaton in 1886 ; and finally the era of expansion. Her whole history is a consistent interpretation of the motto upon her seal, "True science with pure faith." If knowledge has claimed a wider scope, and faith a deeper sacrifice, she has exhibited throughout the same steadfast devotion to both.

The instructive story of the genesis of the college has often been recited, but it is fitting that it be reviewed once more. Into the fertile prairies of Wisconsin and Illinois were pouring, in the years following 1840, the sons of New England. These settlers brought their ideas with them, and were seeking, as rapidly as possible, to embody these ideas in institutions which should both give them form for the present and perpetuate them in the future. The higher Christian education was one of these cherished ideas, dear to their hearts from the first. In 1842 and 1843 at least two definite plans were discussed in their ecclesiastical gatherings, and one for a college colony at Beaver Dam had made

The sentiment in favor of establishing a college was crystallized into action by a convention at Cleveland, Ohio, in June, 1844, at which representatives of both Congregational and Presbyterian churches in all parts of the Northwest discussed the religious needs of the whole region.

A conference of seven of these men in the stateroom of Stephen Peet, then agent for Wisconsin of the American Home Missionary Society, bore fruit in the calling of a convention, which met at Beloit, August 7, 1844, composed of fifty-six delegates from "Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa. Caution prolonged the deliberations through three subsequent conventions before the matter could be handed over to the corporation appointed by the last of the four, in October, 1845.

The first convention recommended the establishment of one college for Iowa and of a college and female seminary for northern Illinois and Wisconsin, "one to be located in northern Illinois contiguous to Wisconsin, and the other in Wisconsin contiguous to Illinois."

In a third convention, which met at Beloit, May 27, 1845, after protracted discussion, the plan of one college and one female seminary for the two states was reaffirmed by a vote of sixty-three to one. This vote virtually decided also the location of the college at Beloit, for Beloit was the border town which had been in the minds of the leaders from the outset, and her interest in the enterprise had been manifested by an offer from her citizens of a site and seven thousand dollars, "together with their sympathies, prayers and future efforts."

The convention, therefore, then passed, as a matter of course, a resolution locating the college at Beloit, and appointed a committee of ten to draw up a charter and a list of trustees, both to be presented to the fourth convention, October 21, 1845. This convention accepted the trustees and charter as recommended, and left further arrangements, including the locating of the seminary, in the hands of these sixteen trustees : Aratus Kent, Stephen Peet, Dexter Clary, Aaron L. Chapin, Flavel Bascom, Calvin Waterbury, Jedediah D. Stevens, Ruel M. Pearson, George W. Hickox, Augustine Raymond, Charles M. Goodsell, Ephraim H. Potter, Lucius G. Fisher, Wait Talcott, Charles S. Hempstead,

Samuel Hinman. Eight of the sixteen were ministers, eight laymen ; eight were from Wisconsin, eight from Illinois ; eight were Presbyterians, eight Congregationalists. Mr. Peet states that the denominational distribution was an accident, while the geographical location was carefully studied. A majority of the ministerial incorporators, including Peet, Kent and Chapin, were graduates of Yale, whose influence appears at manj'^ points in the subsequent history.

The trustees immediately met, October 23, 1845. After prayer they chose Rev. Aratus Kent as president and Rev. Dexter Clary as secretary. The charter fared hardly at the hands of the territorial legislature, owing to influences unfavorable to religion, if not to education. Amendments were inserted restricting the sphere of operations to the town of Beloit, and prohibiting religious tests. So dissatisfied were the trustees that they voted (April 14, 1846) not to accept the charter on these terms; but in October, finding that valuable time would be lost by waiting for a new legislature, they reconsidered their action and found that no practical difficulties had been imposed by the amendments.

The formal organization completed, the college was ready to take on the material and personal equipment for its work of instruction. The lots comprising the most beautiful part of the campus were deeded to the board, and the visitor to the village in October, 1846, was shown, amid the brush, the stakes that marked the ground-plan of Middle College. At the laying of the cornerstone, June 24, 1847, Mr. Peet announced the gift from Hon. T. W. Williams, of New London, Conn., of ten thousand dollars in western lands to endow a professorship.

The organization of classes could not wait for the completion of the building nor the engagement of the professors, about whom much correspondence had already been carried on.

The famous "Old Stone Church," which had sheltered the conventions, offered its hospitable basement. The Beloit Seminary, established 1844, had candidates ready for the freshman class, and its accomplished principal, Mr. S. T. Merrill, was ready to carry them along with their college studies. Accordingly, November 4, 1847, a class of four (within a week increased to five) was admitted, after examination by Mr. Merrill and the trustees, to entrance upon a course of study drawn up exactly on the Yale plan.

The founders of the college had realized from the first that their reliance for the accomplishment of their high purposes must be not upon buildings nor endowments but upon men. And they chose well the men to whom they entrusted the life of the newborn college. After Professor Emerson's survey it is not necessary for me to do more than to note the dates in 1848, when he and Professor Bushnell entered upon their life-work for the college, the latter arriving April 27, the former May 24. The first president, Rev. A. L. Chapin, was called from Milwaukee, November 21, 1849, and inaugurated July 24, 1850. Professor Porter came in 1852 and Professor Blaisdell in 1859. The harmonious continuity already alluded to is due in large measure to the cooperation, for so long a period, of these men of diverse gifts but kindred spirit.

The limits assigned me do not permit the tracing in detail of the events of this pioneer epoch, now fairly inaugurated. They were the days of the picturesque, of the heroic. Knowledge was Greek, Latin and mathematics. Prayers began at six a. m. The president's chair embraced such duties as the revision of freshman essays and the hearing of preparatory Cassar. The Archsean Debating Society and the i\Iissionary Society, both organized before the first class had gone very far, were the chief voluntary organizations. These were the days of beginnings, and the beginnings were sometimes small, but they were days of high endeavor, of patient continuance, of faith and prayer.

By works, too, the friends of the college gave proof of their faith. At the end of the first ten years the trustees were able to report gifts amounting to one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars, of which twenty-nine thousand had been given by citizens of Beloit, and thirty-one thousand five hundred by other donors at the "West, including the ten thousand dollars which Stephen Peet had solicited from home missionaries and their parishioners. From the East had come sixty-four thousand five hundred dollars, the largest single gift being that of Mrs. Hale of Newburyport, who gave lands which eventually M^ere sold for thirty-five thousand dollars.

The life of this period is reflected in its buildings ; in Middle College, our Plymouth Rock; in North College, a younger sister of Yale's South Middle; in the Old Chapel, where, though the interior might be severely plain, the tossing tree-tops outside seemed to waft the prayers a little nearer heaven. Plain living and high thinking are written upon every wall of the trio - written as well upon the forms and character of those men whose presence was a living power within the inert walls.

The work to which the early graduates addressed themselves was predominantly that of the Christian ministry. The need of the world and of the newly settled country, threatened with the tendencies of immigration to barbarism, impressed strongly upon these men the demand for the message of the Gospel.

Meanwhile the nation had entered upon that struggle in which the Northwest was to turn the tide of battle in favor of freedom and union. The college felt the thrill of the conflict. Faith was now faith in country, God-given and God-guided ; knowledge was the discerning of the hour; training was the teaching of the manual of arms. The campus was filled at the recreation hour, not with contending ball players, but with drilling squads of recruits.

Beloit sent her four hundred heroes, her forty-six martyrs, to the front, and the hero spirit pervaded those who stayed by the stuft' at home, so that the daily routine was performed with a new energy and fidelity. The impulse of this spirit carried the college along for a dozen years from 1860, until the last of her soldier sons - lieutenants, captains, colonels of regiments - had finished their academic preparation for the works of peace. How the soldier spirit carried them out into the posts of danger to "follow the flag over the breastworks" of the enemy of souls in Turkey and China and Japan, I need not, in this presence, attempt to relate.

But how the college flourished in the years succeeding the war may be seen in the catalogues with their lengthening enrollment of students, and the names of those whose presence added strength to the faculty. In 1864 Professor Blaisdell was transferred from the chair of rhetoric to that of philosophy, and the college, after the faithful solicitation of President Chapin had brought in fifty thousand dollars from generous givers East and West, to increase its endowment, declared its independence of the Education Society.

The same impulse was felt in undergraduate activities. The Olympian Baseball Club won the state championship in 1867. A students' annual, called "The Palladium" at first, later "The

Register," was published from 1862 to 1871. The daily prayermeeting, which lived for twenty years, was started in 1865 among those who had prayed together in the camp. A reminiscence of the barracks was suggested by the architecture of South College, built in 1868 to shelter the increasing numbers.

A fitting crown of this period was the dedication in 1869 of Memorial Hall, erected by the gifts of many donors in response to an appeal for one hundred dollars for each man who had enlisted from the college. The soldiery in uniform. Old Abe, Wisconsin's war eagle, the martial music, the glowing oratory of Senator Carpenter, the classic eloquence of Professor Emerson, the booming of the minute-guns, fired by student veterans in honor of the dead - all bespoke what the college had learned and suffered, given and gained, through the war. As we survey the record of the college, we do not wonder that President Lincoln, shortly before the surrender of Lee, testified to a friend that it was the home missionaries and the college presidents who had saved the Northwest to the Union and thereby saved the Union itself.

Succeeding the war period came the years from 1873 to the close of President Chapin's administration, in 1886, years characterized rather by the gradual strengthening of the college than by sudden changes or dramatic incidents - the period of intensive growth.

Three important tendencies appear in this epoch. The first is the strengthening of the college by its own alumni, now a body strong in numbers as well as in character. They entrust their own sons to the care of alma mater, the first of these being graduated in 1881. They contribute a fund to endow an alumni professorship, and have begun to take their places on the boards of trust and instruction. Professor Hendrickson, appointed 1871, was the first of eleven graduates whom Beloit has called to full professorships ; Dr. J. Collie, elected in 1869, was the first alumni trustee.

A second line of development shows the influence of causes that were felt in all the educational institutions of the country, tending to the introduction of more of natural science and modern language at the expense of the classics which had formed the mainstay of the course of study. The standard of admission was raised from time to time to correspond to the rise of standards at the East. Here a term of Greek, there one of Latin, had already made way for geology or historj'^, and finally, in 1873, a philosophical course was laid out for those who knew not the sound of the limpid Greek. Though containing less philosophy than the other course, its name was justified by its originator on the ground that it was arranged on philosophical principles. Few chose it in those years, but it furnished its full share of men of mark in college and in after life. The new chairs established during this period were those of geology, astronomy and modern languages, and the scientific equipment of the college was increased in many ways, especially by the gift of the Smith Observatory, dedicated in 1883. This building, the first to bear a name suggested by the donor, were erected as a memorial to Mr. J. F. Smith by his sister, Mrs. J. S. Herrick.

"We notice in the third place, as in other institutions at this time, the diversification of undergraduate activities, and it is interesting to observe how many of the features of college life that have since become so prominent had their beginnings at Beloit in the thirteen years that we are now considering. In 1875 the "College Monthly," established in 1853, expands into the semi-monthly "Round Table," and in the same year Beloit wins second place in the first interstate oratorical contest. The first fraternity was given recognition in 1880. The first Greek play to be performed, the Antigone, was given in 1885, in what is now the reading-room.

The first field-day was held in 1880 ; Beloit entered the Western College Baseball League in 1883; lawn tennis appeared in 1884. The Delian Band foreshadowed the merry tinkle of the Mandolin Club, as did the Phi Beta Sigma Quartette the Glee Club. The college yell was born May 2, 1884, on the eve of a tie game of baseball with the University of Wisconsin, and though of much less formidable dimensions than at present, its seven syllables formed the basis of the chorus of today.

The enthusiasm of war times found a parallel in the heartiness with which the students took up the building of a gymnasium. The project was launched by the salutatorian of '73, whose Latin speech was received with unwonted thunders of applause as he closed with the words, which for more than a year had been upon his lips, "gymnasium a?dificandum est." The contributions were, like those for ]\Iiddle College, partly in days' works, and

The citizens of Beloit attested their loyalty to the college by rallying once more and raising a subscription for the remodeling of Middle College, which in 1880 was adorned with its mansard roof and colonnaded front. Less conspicuous but not less important were the additions made from time to time to the endowment funds, which by the close of President Chapin's administration amounted to nearly two hundred thousand dollars. The largest gift of this period was that of twenty thousand dollars from Mrs. Stone, of JMalden, Mass.

We cannot but ask, as we see how new departments of knowledg have taken their place beside the older discipline, and how the training of the student by his fellows takes on a corresponding diversity of forms, whether our good ship has drifted away from the ideals of faith toward which her framers set her course? The college generation that followed the outgoing veterans of the war underwent a certain reaction from the intensity of that mighty uplift of feeling, but this was only a temporary reaction, and a recovery soon ensued. The effect of social and intellectual movements in the world outside is reflected in the apportionment of the graduates among the various callings. Of the alumni who were graduated before 1876, forty-two per cent entered the ministry ; of those graduated since that date, twenty-two per cent. On the other hand, the teacher's profession shows an increase from eleven to twenty-four per cent, and the various forms of business activity attracted fifteen per cent of the earlier graduates, twenty-three per cent of the later; while law (fifteen per cent), medicine (seven per cent), and journalism (four per cent) show almost the same proportion in the two periods.

These figures mean not that the ideals which the college has held up have been lowered, but that she has shown her sons how to apply them over the wider fields that the increasing specialization of knowledge and the new application of science to industry are opening up to men of trained minds and devoted hearts. Surely, of all her sons, none have proved themselves more loyal to the "Beloit idea," to the "faith that makes faithful," than those in business and the institutions of learning.

successor, Rev. Edward Dwight Eaton. Under his leadership the college entered upon its fourth epoch, that era of rapid expansion in which we all rejoice. The historian of the centennial year will be better able than we to trace the continuity of development, but I am sure that he will find that the changes of this period have been only an enlarged expression of the purpose of the founders. Elective courses, laboratory methods in all departments, the array of modern buildings, substantial, convenient, beautiful ; the culture afforded by contact with art and music - these are not incompatible with a liberal Christian education, but are the long-looked-for aids in its better attainment.

It was because this expansion meant the magnifying of the old ideas that every one connected with the college - trustees, alumni, students, friends - rallied so heartily in response to the challenge of Dr. D. K. Pearsons in 1889. As Professor Blaisdell heard at his gate the cheers that came from the old chapel as the students pledged the money that many of them would have to earn themselves, he recognized the spirit of the boys of the war times. The zeal of others was kindled by the enthusiasm of the students, and to the one hundred thousand dollars which Dr. Pearsons had offered was added more than an equal sum, including the gift from Mr. J. W. Scoville of twenty-five thousand dollars for the comely academy building that bears his name, and ten thousand dollars for its endowment from the citzens of Beloit.

Other buildings followed. Chapin Hall, built and christened by Dr. Pearsons, was completed in 1891. The beautiful new chapel, costing thirty-five thousand dollars, given by Mrs. M. R. Doyon and others, was dedicated in 1892, and the tones of the pipe-organ which Mrs. H. Story placed within it called into being the musical department of the college. The vacating of the old chapel building left quarters there for another new department, art, which has been enriched by numerous gifts, including the casts sent by the Greek government to the World's Fair in 1893, presented by L. G. Fisher, Jr., and an endowment of ten thousand dollars from Mrs. Azariah Eldridge.

Meanwhile the urgent need of the college for an enlarged equipment for the teaching of the natural sciences had been appreciated, and Dr. Pearsons gave sixty-thousand dollars for the erection of a Hall of Science, and Mr. William E. Hale an equal sum, fifty thousand dollars being for endowment. The building, named for the donor, was ready for use in 1893, and in that year Mr. F. G. Logan equipped its museum with the valuable Rust archaeological collection. Hon. Wait Talcott had previously provided a fund for the purchase of scientific books. The chairs of astronomy and botany were endowed in honor, respectively, of Edward Ely, Esq., and of Mrs. Cornelia Bailey Williams.

Along with science and art, other departments have not been overlooked by the generous friends of this later period. The endowment of the chair of oratory by Hon. J. H. Knapp was completed. Mrs. S. D. Warren, a lifelong friend of Professor Blaisdell, made a large addition to the endowment of his chair of philosophy. E. P. Bacon, Esq., has provided a scholarship fund of twenty thousand dollars, and a generous legacy for the same purpose was received from the estate of Rev. Joseph Emerson, of Andover, Mass., while the gift of Mr. and Mrs. C. B. Stowell opened the way for the admission of women to the privileges of the institution.

This increase of Beloit's material equipment was accompanied by a great enlargement of the opportunities which she was able to place within reach of her students. The course of study was enriched. Occasional options had been offered before 1886, but in that year the courses were reorganized with the introduction of a large number of electives in the later years of study. Instructors in art and music were in 1893 added to the faculty, whose number had in ten years increased from fourteen to twenty-four.

With the completion of Pearsons Hall in 1893 it was possible to open a science course, incorporating not only results but also methods of investigation, and to carry yet further Beloit's standards of character and scholarship in the fields where they had been so conspicuously exhibited already under less favorable auspices.

To enjoy the enlarged advantages now offered by the college, an increasing throng of students sought her doors, as her ranks were recruited from affiliated academies and accredited high schools. With the growth of the Beloit Academy to the full capacity of Scoville Hall, the policy of developing preparatory schools in the vicinity into feeders of the college was begun, with encouraging success, while, on the other hand, provision was made for recognizing the fact that the best high schools of the region now do full preparatory work. In 1895 women were admitted to the college classes, and Stowell cottage was opened for their accommodation. When President Eaton's administration began there were 58 students in the college proper ; in 1889 there were 97 ; in 1897, 196.