Watertown Town (part 1 of 3)

Watertown Town

Watertown was incorporated as a village March 7, 1849, by an act of the Legislature, and on the -22d day of the same month and year, the village charter was adopted, at an election held for that purpose, by a vote of 119 " for corporation " and 12 " against." The village was bounded by the survey lines of Section 4, Town 8 north. Range 15 east, and was divided into two wards - all that part of the said Section 4 lying on the east side of Rock River being

The act of incorporation recognized the village by the name or title of " the President and Trustees of the village of Watertown." Following is the result of the first election for village officers :

For President : Luther A. Cole - East Ward, 102 votes ; West Ward, 14 votes. Alcott Cheeney - East Ward, 71 votes; West Ward, 56 votes. Cheeney's majority, 11 votes.

It appearing that there was a vacancy in the Board of Trustees, occasioned by the refusal of Mr. Cheeney (who was also elected as President) to qualify as a Trustee for the East Ward, the Trustees for said ward appointed Asher H. Nichols to fill such vacancy.

There being three Trustees to be chosen from each ward, Messrs. Kier, Sbultz, Nichols, Gallagher, Jones and Rogan were declared to have received the highest number of votes for such office.

The first business of the Board was the election, by ballot, of a Village Clerk and Village Marshal, and Samuel Baird and Joseph Giles, respectively, were chosen for those positions.

March i?5, 1850. - For President, Benjamin F. Fay; for Treasurer, Alcott Cheeney; for Trustees - East Ward, Aaron Shultz, Charles C. Hamlin and Walter Andrews; West Ward, Patrick Rogan, Amos Bennett and John Becher. Adolphus Menges was appointed Clerk of this Board.

March 31, 1851. - For President, Edward Oilman ; for Treasurer, John Looby ; for Trustees - East Ward, Aaron Shultz, Henry Boegel and William V. Ament; West Ward, John D. Reynolds, Bernard O'Byrne and Edward Johnson. Mr. Menges was also Clerk of this Board.

March 29, 1852. - For President, Peter Rogan ; for Treasurer, Henry Boegel ; Trustees - East Ward, E. W. Cole. Edward Oilman and William S. Turner ; West Ward, Patrick Rogan, A. Bennett and J. L. Carter ; Clerk of the Board, A. Menges, re-appointed.

Incorporated As A City

The marvelous growth of Watertown naturally inspired its citizens with the idea that it should become an incorporated city. Accordingly, at a meeting of the Village Trustees, held January 24, 1853, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted :

Re.iolrfd, That the President appoint a committee of three, whose duty it shall be to take measures to procure the drawing of a city charter of this village, and to take such measures as they may deem proper to secure the passage of said charier at the present session of the Legislature.

Retotv'd. That the sum of ?-iO be. and the same is hereby, appropriated out of the general fund to defray the necessary expenses caused thereby.

A charter being drawn, it was passed by the Legislature, and Watertown became a fullfledged city. At an election held on April 5, 1853, under that charter, the following city officers were elected :

Executive - Mayor, Theodore Prentiss ; Clerk, Joseph D. Pease ; Treasurer, John Kelly ; Assessor, J. A. Chadwick ; Marshal, Lucius Brugger ; Superintendent of Schools, Daniel Hall;

History Of Jefferson Coukty

Municipal Judge, William T. Butler. First Ward Officers - Aldermen, Augustus F. Cady and John Luber ; Justice of the Peace, Henry Mulberger ; Constable, Thomas Elmer ; Supervisor, L. E. Boomer. Second Ward Officers - Aldermen, Henry Boyd and Edward Oilman ; Justice of the Peace, Theodore Bernhardt ; Constable, Francis Belrose ; Supervisor, L. E. Boomer. Third Ward Officers - Aldermen, Daniel Jones and Simeon Ford ; Justice of the Peace. John Chadwick ; Constable, Jesse Reinhart ; Supervisor, Walter Pease, Jr. Fourth Ward Officers - Aldermen, M. J. Gallagher and Joseph Fischer; Justice of the Peace, James O'Keefe; Constable, James Griffin ; Supervisor, Patrick Rogan. Fifth Ward Officers - Aldermen, William M. Dennis and Jacob Baumann ; Justice of the Peace, George G. King ; Constable, William Greve ; Supervisor, Theodore Ravis. Sixth Ward Officers - Aldermen, John W. Cole and Frederick Hermann ; Justice of the Peace, Charles Beckmann ; Constable, Edward Pfenninger ; Supervisor, Ira D. Lounsbury.

Executive - Mayor, Theodore Prentiss ; Clerk, Henry Mulberger ; Treasurer, J. Becker ; Marshal, Ernest Off; Assessor, Walter Pease, Jr.; Superintendent of Schools, James Cody. First Ward Officers - Aldermen, John Luber and Alcott Cheeney ; Constable, E. M. Brown ; Supervisor, Myron B. Williams. Second Ward Officers - Aldermen, Henry Bertram and Henry Maldanner ; Justice of the Peace, E. Rothe ; Constable, Francis Belrose ; Supervisor, Myron B. Williams. Third Ward Officers - Aldermen, Daniel Jones and Peter Rogan ; Justice of the Peace, Daniel Miller : Constable, Michael Cummings ; Supervisor, Patrick Rogan. Fourth Ward Officers - Aldermen, Patrick Rogan and Martin Hoff; Justice of the Peace, Theodore Bernhardt ; Constable, Samuel Friend ; Supervisor, Patrick Rogan. Fifth Wird Officers - Aldermen, Jacob Beaumann and Jacob Staub ; Justice of the Peace, G. G. King ; Constable, Louis Beahr ; Supervisor, George Perry. Sixth Ward Officers - Aldermen, Charles Beckmann and J. A. Koch ; Constable, Edward Pfenninger ; Supervisor, Philip Piper.

The Legislature of 1854 amended the city charter so as to permit the following named Aldermen to hold office two years from the date of their election, April, 1854 : First Ward, Alcott Cheeney; Second, Henry Maldanner ; Third, Peter Rogan ; Fourth, Martin Hoff ; Fifth, Jacob Baumann ; Sixth, Charles Beckmann.

Owing to the incomplete condition of the records, it is impossible to give a list of the officers by wards chosen at the election of April, 1855. It is shown, however, that John W. Cole was chosen Mayor ; Bernard O'Byrne, Treasurer ; Theodore Bernhard, Clerk, and John Ford, Superintendent of Schools. The new Board of Aldermen is believed to have been as follows : Peter V. Brown, E. W. Ford, Patrick Rogan, Gustavus Werlich, John C. Halliger, Edward Oilman, and the si.x '" hold-overs " mentioned above.

At the election of April 1, 1856, William Chappel was chosen Mayor; John Luber, Treasurer ; Ernest Off, Marshal ; P. V. Brown, Assessor, and Calvin B. Skinner, School Superintendent ; Aldermen - A. L. Pritchard, Henry Bertram, Daniel Collins, Bernard O'Byrne, John Becker, Judson Prentice ; Supervisors - Myron B. Williams, Jacob Enos, William T. Butler, Amos Bennett, William M. Dennis, Charles Beckmann.

The result of the charter election of 1857 is not given in the record, but the subsequent proceedings of the Council show that Henry Bertram was elected to the office of Mayor, and D. S. Chadwick chosen Treasurer. The Board of Aldermen was as follows : Gustavus Werlich, A. L. Prichard, Judson Prentice, Amos Steck, Carl Schurz (now Secretary of the Interior under President Hayes), Edward Johnson, Emile Rothe, John Becker, M. Quigley, Bernard O'Byrne, A. Schutz, and Daniel Collins.

The following individuals were chosen as the servants of the people of Watertown in 1858 : Mayor, Henry Bertram ; Treasurer, D. S. Chadwick ; Marshal, Harris Oilman. Justices of the Peace - Emile Rothe, Thomas M. Knox and Charles Beckmann. Aldermen - Joseph Lindon, William Dutcher, Daniel Jones, Amos Bennett, Jacob Baumann and Judson Prentice. Supervisors - Myron B. Williams, Henry Mulberger, William T. Butler, Philip Piper. Assessors - Christopher Schroeder, Gottlieb Baumann and Thomas Moore. Constables - Charles II.

In 1859, the officers of the city of Watertown were: Mayor, Calvin B. Skinner; Treasurer, Henry Bertram ; Marshal, August Tanck ; Police Justice, Jonathan A. Hadley. Aldermen - Franklin E. Shandrew, C. Shroeder, J. P. Van Alstine (two years), Patrick Rogan, Stephen Davis, William M. Dennis, H. Vandell, D. S. Chadwick and rf. J. Steel. Supervisors G. Breckenridge, L. J. Fribert, Patrick Rogan and Charles Beckmann. Assessors - William C. Spalding, Jacob Hoefner, David Collins, John Becker, Hezekiah Flinn, F. Herrmann, A. S. Wood and J. A. Chadwick. Railroad Commissioners - Thomas Dervin. F. Gebhard, James Rogan, F. Rasch, Jacob Baumann, Charles Walther. Henry Steger and Walter Pease. Constables - Thomas Holland, Louis Beahr, Michael Cummings, Daniel Nolan, John Bronndt, E. Pfenninger, Matthias Hass and H. Meyer.

At the charter election of 1860, Myron B. Williams was chosen Mayor ; Henry Bertram, Treasurer, and August Tanck, Marshal. Aldermen - Theodore Prentiss, Christian May, S. J. Steel, Jacob Weber, Amos Baum, Judson Prentice and Thomas Elmore. Assessors - Frederick Hermann, Charles Goldner and John Reidinger. Sealer of Weights and Measures, John O'Connor. School Commissioners - Hiram Barber, Jr., Peter Seaburg, Daniel Collins, William Bieber, Jacob Baumann, Henry Lindermann and Henry Steger. Supervisors - Edmund Sweeney, Emile Rothe, Patrick Rogan and Philip Piper. Railroad Commissioner, S. S. Merrill. Justices of the Peace - Charles M. Ducasse, Bernard Miller and L. Kube. Constables - John Haines, Christian Hansey, Michael Cummings, David Welsh, John Brandt, Charles Walther and J. A. Chadwick. Clerk (appointed), Gustave Werlich.

The city government for 1861 was as follows: Mayor, Myron B. Williams; Treasurer, Charles Beckmann; Marshal, John Haines. Aldermen - William C. Spalding. James Larkin, Thomas Moore, James Cody, William M. Dennis, August Schutz and James Bergen. Supervisors - Edmund Sweeney, Emile Rothe, Patrick Rogan and Philip Piper. Assessors - Matthew Norton, John Riedinger and Frederick Herrmann. Constables - Benjamin Cunningham, A. Schultz, Michael Cummings, Henry Bossinger, Simon Marchant, Charles Walther and Christopher darken. Sealer of Weights and Measures, Frederick Herrmann. City Surveyor (elected by the Board), H. Steger ; City Clerk (elected by the Board), G. Werlich. School Commissioners - H. Steger, Henry Bertram, M. McHugh, Hiram Barber, Jr.

In 1862, William M. Dennis was elected Mayor ; Joseph G. Pease, Treasurer ; Ch. Paraski, Marshal ; Frederick Hermann, Assessor, and John Williams, Sealer of Weights and Measures. Aldermen - Ira E. Leonard, Frederick Fischer, Michael McHugh, Peter V. Brown, D. Kusel, Jr., Charles Stimm and Darius S. Gibbs. Justices of the Peace - C. M. Ducasse, Bernhard Miller and Charles Beckmann. School Commissioners - William Bieber, Francis O'Rourke and John Habbegger. Constables - W. S. Rowe, Francis Belrose, James McBan, James Griffin, Simon Marchand, C. Walther and Christopher Clarkins. Gustavus Werlich was re-appointed City Clerk.

In 1863, Watertown was governed by the following individuals: Mayor, Joseph Lindon ; Treasurer, J. G. Pease ; Assessor, T. Elmore : Marshal, J. Staub ; Sealer, P. March. Aldermen - C. B. Skinner, A. Pfundheller, Patrick Rogan, H. Graves, W. M. Dennis, C. Beckmann, T. H. Breckenridge and J. Bergen. School Commissioners - C. A. Sprague, M. Mcllugh, C. Jacobi and J. Mooney. Constables - Asher Nichols, John Jung, J. McRann, M. Burke, S. Marchand, C. Walther and M. McGraw. Amos Baum succeeded Mr. Werlich as City Clerk.

In 1864, Joseph Lindon was re-elected to the Mayoralty, Gustavus Schnasse was chosen Treasurer; John Haines, Marshal; F. Hermann, Assessor; John O'Connor, Sealer. Aldermen - Theodore Prentiss, J. T. Moak, Aaron Stein, Thomas Baxter, John Riedinger, Louis Kellermann, F. Brandt and James Bergen. Justices of the Peace - Charles M. Ducasse,

Henry Graves and Charles Beckmann. School Commissioners - William Bieber, Francis O'Rourke and H. C. Tack. Constables - John C. Rhodes, F. Belrose, John Cummings, Patrick McHugh, John Staub, F. Berg and Andrew Dunnigan. Gustavus Werlich succeeded to the City Clerkship.

At the charter election of 1865, Robert Howell was chosen for the office of Mayor; Gustavus Schnasse re-elected Treasurer; John O'Connor, Sealer, and Frederick Hermann and Patrick Rogan, Assessors. Aldermen - Justus T. Moak, Henry Mulberger, Amos Baum, Bernard O'Byi-ne, William M. Dennis, Charles Beckmann, Philip Quintmeyer and Herbert Breckenridge. School Commissioners - Charles A. Sprague, Michael McHugh, August Bornschein and John Mooney. Constables - Joseph Giles, Francis McRan, Fred. Misegades, John Brandt, Henry Tiemann and Peter Cronie. Gustavus Werlich, re-appointed Clerk.

In April, 1866, William M. Dennis was re-elected Mayor; F. Hermann, Treasurer: C. Beckman, Assessor. Aldermen - Theodore Prentiss, Christian Meyer, Thomas Moore, John Riedinger, August Tanck, Joseph Saleck and II. Breckenridge. Justices of the Peace - Charles M. Ducasse, Bernhard Miller, August Tanck and Charles Beckmann. Constables - Joseph Merkle, T. Fischer, Michael McHugh, W. D. Sprrcsser, John Brandt, Henry Tiemann and George Reinhart.

The following officers were elected for 1867 : Mayor, Henry Mulberger ; Treasurer, T. Hermann ; Assessor, August Tanck ; Sealer, L. Jaehrling. Aldermen - Justus T. Moak, Charles M. Ducasse, Joseph Lindon, Richard Jones, A. Bornschein, Charles Beckmann and David S. Chadwick. School Commissioners - Henry Bieber, Michael McHugh, F. Hartwig and John McGolrick. Constables - C. F. Krebs, L. Baehr, M. F. Paulfranz, H. Tiemann and George Reinhart. Marshal (by the Board). E. Off; City Clerk (by the Board), A. Francl. At this election, Orsamus Cole received 273 votes for Associate Justice.

In 1868, Charles Beckmann was elected Mayor ; S. Stallmann, Treasurer ; F. Hermann, Assessor. Aldermen - J. B. Gillett, II. Bertram, T. Moore, B. O'Byrne, F. Hartwig, A. Wegemann and Mr. Hennessey. Justices of the Peace - C. M. Ducasse, A. Francl, C. F. Krebs, B. Miller, J. Shaller and C. Beckmann. School Commissioners - J. F. Wiesemann, Jacob Weber and D. Blumenfeld. Constables - P. Holland, T. Kreagen, J. Brandt, A. Melcher, J. H. Kehr and J. O'Brien. A. Francl continued to hold the office of Clerk by appointment, and E. Off was re-appointed Marshal.

In the election of 1869, S. S. Discon heads the ticket for Chief Justice, and Harlow Pease for County Judge, both of whom were elected. City Ticket (Executive) - Mayor, John Richards ; Treasurer, L. Stahlmann ; Assessor, A. Tanck ; Sealer, B. Riley. Aldermen - M. B. Williams, Ch. Meyer, Julius Wiesemann, John Devy, Richard Jones, H. S. Pierrepont, F. Hartwig, John C. Halliger and William Olin. School Commissioners - Charles Goeldner, P. Malloy, Levi Schofield and 0. Quintmeyer. Justice of the Peace, Jacob Schaller. Constables - John Muth, K. Bassinger, Jacob Wagner and L. Hamlin. A. Francl continued in office as Clerk ; also. E. Off as City Marshal. Judson Prentice and Eraile Rothe were appointed to the positions of City Surveyor and City Attorney respectively.

The Legislature having previously passed " An act to enable the city of Watertown to settle with her creditors," the question was voted upon at this election, and defeated by a majority of 294.

Henry Bertram was elected Mayor in 1870 ; Treasurer, Michael Quigley : Assessors, Charles Beckmann and Matthew Norton ; Sealer, B. Reily. Aldermen - T. Prentiss, L. Jaehrling, P. Devy, Thomas Baxter, F. Kusel, Jr., S. S. Woodard, J. Reisdorf, A. Gradewohl, D. Blumenfeld, U. Habbegger, John McCully and F. H. Breckenridge. Justices of the Peace - Charles M. Ducasse, Patrick Rogan, Jacob Schaller and Charles Beckmann. School Commissioners - Philip Schmidt, Matthew Norton and William Dobratz. Supervisors - William H. Rohr, William Bieber, Benjamin Nute, Jacob Weber, W. M. Dennis, F. Hermann and Alanson Boomer. [The names of those elected to the office of Supervisor in the city of Watertown do not appear in the record from 1861 to 1870.] Constables - John Reichardt, W. Van Nees, F.

In 1871, Theodore Prentiss was again called to guide the municipal destinies of Watertown. F. Meyer was elected Treasurer; Charles Beckmann and M. Norton, re-elected Assessors. Aldermen - J. T. Moak, Ch. Meyer, D. Kehr, H. Bertram, George Ryan, R. Jones, H. Bassinger and M. Sullivan. Supervisors - William H. Rohr, William Bieber, Thomas Baxter. Jacob Weber, William M. Dennis, F. Hermann and A. Boomer. School Commissioners - H. Sleeper, Amos Baum, A. Gradewohl and F. Breckenridge. Commissioners of the Public Debt - G. Weriich, W. Pease, F. Hartwig and P. Quentmeyer. Justice of the Peace, AVilliam P. Brown. Constables - John Reichardt, Thomas Dougherty and John L. Kube. Francl and Off remained in oflSce.

The result of the election in 1872 was as follows: Mayor, Fred Kusel. Treasurer, Fred Meyer. Assessors, Charles Beckmann and M. Gallagher. Aldermen - C. Mayer, William Bieber, Thomas Moore, George Ryan, Richard Jones, T. Becker, L. Reisdorf, F. Hartwig, J. Prentice, William Weber, James McCuUy and John McGolrick. Supervisors - D. W. Ballou, E Grossman, Daniel Jone.s, E. Sweeney, W. M. Dennis, F. Hermann and F. H. Breckenridge. Justices of the Peace - C. M. Ducasse, C. F. Krebs, J. C. Halliger and Charles Beckmann. School Commissioners - J. Benkendorf, J. W^eber and F. Voss. Commissioners of the Public Debt - C. Schroeder, M. G. Gallagher and U. Habbegger. Constables - E. Oft", George Reuse, John Reichardt, James McRan, J. L. Kube and Ph. Manz. Appointed by Board - City Clerk, A. Francl; City Marshal. E. Oif; City Surveyor, Judson Prentice.

In 187;'5, Christian Meyer was elected Mayor; William Schulte, Treasurer; Charles Beckmann and August Volkmann, Assessors. Aldermen - Eugene W^iggenhorn, H. Bertram, William Bieber, Joseph Lindon, F. Kusel, Henry Winkenwerder, John Alwart and Luther May. Supervisors - D. W. Ballou, William Volckmann, T. Ba.xter, Edward Sweeney, Ferdinand Hartwig, Fred Hermann and H. F. Breckenridge. Justice of the Peace, John L. Kube. School Commissioners - F. Specht, Amos Baum, H. Wilber and A. P. Wood. Commissioners of tiie Public Debt - G. Weriich, F. Fischer, W. Pease, William Spence and P. Quentmeyer. Constables - Sylvester Burns, John Reichai-dt, James McRan, Casper Schilling and P. Dougherty. Clerk (appointed), A. Tanck. Marshal (appointed), John Reichardt.

Municipal honors were accorded as follows, in 1874: Mayor, Hezekiah Flinn (the first Milesian who succeeded to this oihce in Watertov. ii) ; Treasurer, William Schulte; Assessors, August Volckmann and M. J. Gallagher. Aldermen - C. Mayer, C. Schroeder, Thomas Moore, H. Meyer. James McHugh, F. Misegades, H. Wilbur, H. Winkenwerder, F. Mertzke, J. Alwart, F. Block and William Olin. Supervisors - D. W^. Ballou, William Volckmann. Thomas Ba.xter, Edmund Sweeney, F. Hartwig, Fred Hermann and F. H. Breckenridge. School Commissioners - William Bieber. Jacob W-eber and U. Habbegger. Commissioners of the Public Debt - Joiin Muth, M. J. Gallagher and L. Vogel. Justices of the Peace - C. M. Ducasse, Charles F. Krebs, John L. Kube and Chai'les Beckmann. Constables - S. Burns, William Wilson, James McRan, J. Rissmeyer, P. Dougherty and John O'Brien. P. Devy was appointed Clerk, and P. Dougherty, Marshall.

In 1875, Watertown had the following oflRcers : Mayor. Jacob Weber; Treasurer, William Schulte ; Assessors, Charles Beckmann, and Michael J. Gallagher. Aldermen - Seniors, J. T. Moak, H. Pritzlaif. Piiilip Quentmeyer, Stephen S. Woodard, Marshall J. Woodard, F. Maerzke and D. S. Chadwick ; Juniors, Eugene Wiggenliorn, J. Benkendorf, G. B. Lewis, John Weber, L. Kellermann, J. Alwart and William Olin. Supervisors (three from each ward, in accordance with the act of an Legislature, approved March 5, 1875 - J. B. Bennett, C. W. Schulz, John Ford, A. F. Mueller, C. Ahrenberg, Joseph Bursinger, Edward Johnson, Henry Rice, John O'Neill, Edmund Sweeney, F. Kusel, Patrick Rogan, Frank Koenig, J. Pritzlaff, Caspar Shilling, Charles Ruebhausen, William Henze, Louis Vogei, F. H. Breckenridge, H. Frederick, Amos P. Wood. Commissioners of the Public Debt - Gustavus AVerlich, Walter Pease, John Bauraaiin, A. Volckmann and Simon Ford. School Commissioners - Fred Specht,

J. Mowder, WHliam Herbst and M. Sullivan. Constables - Sylvester Burns, Joachim Cordes, Thomas Heil, James McRan, Henry Bogel, Philip Dougherty and Jacob Reinhard. A. Tanck, and J. F. Barber were appointed to the positions of City Clerk and City Marshal respectively.

Jacob Weber was re-elected Mayor in 1876 ; Treasurer, August Block, ; Assessors, M. J. Gallagher and August Block. Aldermen - Seniors, William Rohr, Henry Pritzlaff, P. C. Quentmeyer, S. S. Woodard, H. Wilber, Fred Maerzke and Fred Block ; Juniors, J. B. Bennett, John Muth, G. B. Lewis, Timothy DriscoU, H. Winkenwerder, J. Alwart and William Olin. Supervisors - D. W. Ballou, Charles Schultz, Philip Hackett, A. Miller, J. Bursinger, C. Ahrenberg, E. Johnson, C. J. O'Neill, John Weber, F. Kusel, Peter Malloy, John McGraw, F. Hartwig, F. Ott, L. Reisdorf, Ch. Ruebhausen, L. Vogel, H. Peters, H. Breckenridge, A. P. Wood and A. Dunnigan. School Commissioners - Emil Gaebler, James McHugh, and August Volckmann. Commissioners of the Public Debt - J. Benkendorf, B. O'Byrne, Philip Dougherty md A. Boomer. Justices of the Peace - H. Bieber, Henry Rice, Theodore Schroeder, John McGolrick, C. M. Ducasse, Charles F. Krebs and Charles Beckmann. Constables - Sylvester Burns, J. Reichert, J. M. Bartlett, J. Riesmeier, Jacob Schaller and P. Dougherty. Appointments - A.' Tanck, City Clerk ; H. Cunningham, City Marshal.

The municipal officers for 1877 were : Mayor, Charles Ruebhausen ; Treasurer, Angus: Block ; Assessors, August Volckman and M. J. Gallagher. Aldermen - Seniors, Charles Goethe, A. Zickert, H. Flinn, F. Kusel, H. Wilber, F. Maerzke and William Olin : Juniors, D. B. Fute, F. Stylow, M. McHugh, H. Winkenwerder, J. Alwart and G. Rinehardt. Supervisors - (one From each ward), S. E. Randall, A. Wegemann, H. Mulberger, F. P. Brook, F. Koenig, C. Ruebhausen and F. H. Breckenridge. Roadmasters - L. Prochazka, H. Muselmann, J. Klever, M. Murphy. John Baumann, F. Hermann and Charles McDermott. Justices of the Peace - Samuel Baird, Simon Melzer, M. Ambrose, Patrick Rogan, J. L. Kube and Charles Beckmann. School Commissioners - Frederick Specht, Patrick McCabe, H. Wilber and D. S. Chadwick. Commissioners of the Public Debt - Charles Goeldner, A. W. Carlin, F. I^artwig md Michael Moran. Constables - S. Burns, John Reichart, John Blair, W. F. March, Henry Bode, P. Dougherty and George Forkenbridge. Appointments - City Clerk, Charles Beckmann; City Marshal, D. Kehr.

In 1878, the city government was as follows: Mayor, Charles Ruebhausen ; Treasurer, Anton Schumacher; Assessors, M. J. Gallagher and Charles Noack. Aldermen - Seniors, J. B. Bennett, A. F. Miller, H. Flinn, F. Kusel, Albert Baumann, F. Maerzke and D. Crowley ; Juniors, Dwight Nute, Julius Wiesmann, Joseph Lindon, Richard Jones, Franz Lathh;immer, Joachim Alwart and H. Doberstein. Supervisors - John Davis, William Bieber, Henry Muel- Derger, W. D. Stacy, John Bird, F. Hermann and A. P. Wood. Justices of the Peace - Charles Arnold, M. Ambrose, J. L. Kube and Z. C. Cole. School Commissioners - Emil C. Glaebler, Edmund Sweeney and Charles Ruebhausen. Commissioners of the Public Debt - rhomas McCabe and Ulrich Habhegger. Constables - William Krebs, John Reichart, S. Ford. tVilliam Martsch, Sebastian Monrian, Henry Rassenger and George Forkenbridge. Appointnents - City Clerk, Charles Beckmann ; City Marshal, D. Kehr.

At the charter election of April last, the following individuals were chosen to guide the nunicipal destinies of Watertown for 1879: Mayor, F. Kusel; Treasurer, A. Schumacher; Assessors, M. J. Gallagher and Cliarles Noack. Aldermen - Seniors, John Habbegger, H. F. Vliller, Thomas Baxter, Richard Jones, F. Hartwig, William Voss and Daniel Crowley ; Junors, William Krause, Julius Weisemann, Adolphus Blair, Thomas McCabe, Henry Jaeger, Fohn Muth and F. Henoch. Supervisors - H. S. Howell, William Bieber, Henry Muelberger, F. P. Brook, Frank Koenig, Ulrich Habhegger and A. P. Wood. School Commis.°ioners - Eugene Wiggenhorn, A. Salliday, H. Wilber and John McGolrick. Commissioners of the Public Debt - A. K. M. Pickert and A. W. Carlin. Justices of the Peace - John C. Halliger, VT. Ambrose and Charles Beckmann. Constables - William Krebs, John Reichart, Peter Blair, 1 Horn, Peter Euper, P. Dougherty and Luke Dunnigan.

At the last meeting of the Council of 1878, it appears from the report of the City Marshal, that, during the month of March, 1879, four persons were arrested for vagrancy b_v that officer and brought before Justice of the Peace Arnold, who discharged them with the injunction to sin no more ; also, one person for violating a city ordinance, who was fined §5. The report of William Wilson, Deputy Marshal, shows that seventeen persons were arrested as vagrants by that officer, sixteen of whom were discharged and one committed to jail at hard labor ; also, three persons were arrested on charges of violating a city ordinance, one being dismissed and the other two fined §3 each.

Resolved, That the salaries of the different city officers hereinafter named be, and they are hereby, fixed for ihe ensuing year as follows: Treasurer, $500; Marshal, $400; City Clerk, $400 ; Superintendent of Public Schools, $800.

A communication from the School Board, estimating the amount necessary for the support of the schools during the coming year, to be raised by taxation, at $8,500, was laid over.

Resolved, That there be, and is hereby, levied upon all the taxable properly in the city of Wnlertown, in addition to the taxes now levied in said city by Section 3, Chapter 204. of the private and local laws of Wisconsin, passed March 3, 1871, the following taxes for city, school, ward and poor purposes for the year IST'J. to wit : For the current expenses of the city general government, 5 mills on the dollar ; for school purposes, none : upon the First and Third Wards, for ward purposes, J mill on the dollar ; upon the Sixth and Seventh Wards, for ward purposes, 1 mill on the dollar.

And be it further resolved. That there be, and is hereby, levied tipnn the Fourth Ward, forward purposes, 1 mill less than levied by law; and that there is hereby levied upon the Fifth Ward, for poor purposes, 1 mill less than levied by law.

The Council then elected the following officers ; City Clerk, Henry Bieber ; City Marshal, George Henze; Night Watchmen - East Side, Charles Henke ; West Side, Joseph Monreau; Weighers of Hay and Measurers of Wood - East Side, William Jaedeke ; West Side, George Mc^Iillen ; City Surveyor, A. Seiffert ; City Attorney, Charles H. Gardner; City Auctioneer, John Reichart ; Health Officer, Dr. Wigginton, the latter at a salary af §40 a year.

Thus we have an interesting epitome of the records of Watertown - town, village and city - for the past thirty-seven years. Generally speaking, the books of the city have been kept in a readable manner ; but there is evidence, in the shape of unintelligible chirography in some parts of the records, that political influence has outdone itself by placing certain individuals in the important position of City Clerk. Mr. Bieber, the present gentlemanly incumbent of that office, is in every way qualified for the position.

Location

The corporate limits of the city of Watertown embrace nine sections of land of 640 acres each. About one-third of this area lies in Dodge County, but the principal business and residence portions of the city are in Jefferson County. The streets are laid out at right angles, and are broad and pleasant. The city is on the line of the La Crosse Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, 44 miles from Milwaukee, and lo"2 from La Crosse. A branch of this line extends to the capital of the State. 37 miles. The Chicago & North- Western Railway also passes through the western limits of the city.

For the past twelve or fifteen years, the city of Watertown has been without perpetual municipal government. While this may appear not to be a very desirable condition of affairs, still the people of Watertown manage to exist, and strangers visiting the place, were they not itherwise informed, would not know that it was a Mayorless city, or that it was unencumbered ly that most important of all distinguished bodies - a Board of Aldermen. Nevertheless, Vatertown has its charter elections every April, at which a full complement of city officials is hosen. Under the provisions of the city charter, they may qualify at any time within ten lays from the date of election. As an old resident of Watertown forcibly expressed it, it is "a foman's secret " that the City Clerk, appointed by the previous Council, has already prepared, irior to the date agreed upon for the qualification of the new officials, the resignation of each ncumbent, ready for their individual signatures. If he be a competent man, with the interests if his constituents at heart, he will also have prepared, in advance of " qualification dav " - rhich, by the way, is not "a woman's secret," for none but the officials themselves know of t - other documents necessary to the legal management of the municipality for the next twelve Qonths, to which the signatures of the proper officials may be attached during the intervening pace of time between their qualification and their resignation.

The explanation of this mysterious method of conducting the public affairs of a city is ound in the fact that Watertown has had, among other overdoses of " progress," too much ailroad. Twenty-five years ago, the people thought all they needed to make them permanently lappy was an extensive system of railway lines. All other schemes of improvement were made ubservient to the prevailing craze. Aid was extended with a lavish hand. The voting of (100, nOO in city bonds to any number of individuals calling themselves a railway corporation fas a common occurrence, attended by almost unanimous results ; and the great number, ven at that early day, of enterprising gentlemen anxious to build railroads with other people's noney was simply surprising.

We first find Watertown enacting the role of an eleemosynary institution for the benefit of his class of geniuses in 1853, when the qualified electors of the city, by what may be termed a landsome majority, voted aid to the extent of $80,000, in bonds, to the Milwaukee & Waterowii Railroad Company, the bonds to run ten years at 8 per cent interest. Watertown, before he advent of the iron horse, was a prosperous city, and its paper found advantageous ami eady negotiation everywhere. The city was ''secured" in this bond issue by iha promise of a econd mortgage on the railway property when constructed - a rather illusory security. At the xpiration of the ten years, when the bonds fell due, the railroad corporation had undergone Qany changes in the management, and was beyond the reach of any legal process for the satisaction of this mortgage, had it been given by the Company. The bonds, however, having fallen nto the hands of speculators, were held against the city, together with accrued interest on their ull value. Litigation followed, ending in numerous judgments against the city, but, for easons which will appear hereafter, these judgments have not been satisfied.

In December, 1854, another special election was held in Watertown for the purpose of oting the credit of the city in the interest of a railroad company - the Rock River Valley Jnion Railroad. There were 224 votes cast, the majority " for the railroad " being 176. Phe amount of bonds authorized to be issued at this election was §120,000, at about the same erms of the previous issue to the Milwaukee k Watertown Company.

Encouraged by their success in obtaining $80,000 from the people of Watertown by the acre promise of a second mortgage on what was then virtually an imaginary property, the corlorators of the Milwaukee & Watertown road made an effijrt to get a second issue of bonds rom the same source. The City Council authorized the people to vote on the question at the iharter election held April 10, 1855, and the scheme was defeated by a majority of 167. This lefeat, however, turned out to be a most profitable one for the railroad people. The electors of iVatertown were severely criticised by the press for having gone " directly against their own nterests." They were made so heartily ashamed of themselves that when, on the 7th of Janlary following, a proposition came up to subsidize the Milwaukee, Watertown & Madison Com- )any to the extent of $200,000, they voted solidly for it. On the same day, the same electors ;ast their ballots in favor of giving the Chicago & Fond du Lac Railroad Company (formerly he R. R. V. U. R. R. Co.), $200,000 of the city's bonds. The vote on both question* stood : " For the railroads. 326 : against the railroads, none : majority for the railroads, 326 I This election was well managed. A small army of men was at that time engaged in building tl Milwaukee, Watertown & Madison road. Many of them became temporary residents of tl citv in time to entitle them to a voice in the bond question. The history of many similar exe cises of " the rights of freemen " at the polls, teaches us that these laborers did not vote again their bread and butter.

The Chicago & Fond du Lac Company (now the Chicago & North- Western) subsequent] converted their Watertown bonds into stock of the road, at the rate of 60 per cent on the do lar ; that is to say, stock of the company was issued to the city as security for its bonds. Th stoek has been disposed of and the bonds redeemed at various times and prices, until the; remains at the present time about §20.000 to be taken up.

No security was ever given the city for the bonds issued to the Milwaukee, Watertown Madison Company, but numerous suits have been brought against the city by the bondholder in a few of which judgments were obtained. Interest upon these judgments has compound( until, added to the principal, the total reaches the enormous sura of §750,000, or thereabou Various futile attempts have been made to compromise with the bondholders, but they hai exhibited a disposition to exact the last pound of flesh. The Legislature of 1878 passed a act permitting the city of Watertown to levy a tax of 2J per cent for two years toward the liqu dation of this indebtedness. It was stipulated in the act that the bondholders should file bone in the City Clerk's office agreeing to accept the sum thus raised (probably §70,000, had tl levy been made) in full payment of their claim. This they failed to do. The means employe to obtain these bonds, and the failure of the original railway company to secure the people < Watertown, as it agreed to do, have served to incense a majority of them to the point of utt« repudiation. Especially is this the case among the poorer classes, who fear taxation and despis the tax-gatherer. The question has entered largely into municipal politics for the past twent years. The oflBce-seeker who announces himself as a repudiationist, is almost certain of electio) The most popular political platform is the one with the longest repudiation plank in it. N long since a candidate for the mayoralty paid his respects to a large assemblage of citizens, somi thing after this style. Appearing on the speakers' platform with a huge hickory club in h hand, he said :

" Fellow-Citizens .^nd Fellow-Countrtmen: Idonotclaim tobeamanof £esthetictastei and perhaps I don't know enough about the fine arts of oflBce to make a mayor with a great des of style about him, but there is one thing I do know - and I believe the expression reflects th views of the respectable and representative classes I see before me to-night - and that is, that don't care a for all the railroads and bondholders in the country."

The history of a portion of the litigation in connection with the bonds of the Milwaukei Watertown & Madison road is found in the report of the " cases argued and adjudged in th Supreme Court of the United States, October term, 1873." The case is that of Rees vs. Th City of Watertown, on appeal from the Circuit Court for the Western District of Wisconsir The statement of the case and the opinion is by Associate Justice Ward Hunt, of New Yorl In it will be found an explanation of the cause which, for the past twelve or fifteen years, ha prompted the municipal officers of Watertown to resign immediately upon their qualification. 1 is in substance as follows :

" Rees, a citizen of Illinois, being owner of certain bonds issued under authority of an ac of the Legislature of the State of Wisconsin, by the city of Watertown, to the Watertown i Madison Railroad Company, and by the company sold for its benefit, brought suit in the Circui Court of the United States for the District of Wisconsin, against the city, and, in 1867, recov ered two judgments for about §10,000. In the summer of 1868, he issued executions upon th two judgments thus obtained, which were returned wholly unsatisfied. In November of th same year, he procured from the United States Circuit Court a peremptory writ of mandamus directing the city of Watertown to levy and collect a tax upon the taxable property of the cit

;o pay the said judgments ; but before the writ could be served, a majority of the members of ;he City Council resigned their offices. This fact was returned by the Marshal, and proceedngs upon the mandamus thereupon ceased.

"In May, 1869, another Board of Aldermen having been elected, Rees procured another vrit of mandamus to be issued, which writ was served on all of the Aldermen except J. C. Haliger, who was sick at the time of the service upon the others. No steps were taken to comply vith the requisition of the writ. An order to show cause why the Aldermen should not be )unished for contempt, in not complying with its requirements, was obtained, and before its six of the Aldermen resigned their offices, leaving in office but one more than a [uorum, of whom the said Halliger, upon whom the writ had not been served, was one. Varilus proceedings were had and various excuses made, the whole resulting in an order that the Vldermen should at once levy and collect the tax ; but before the order could be served on lalliger he resigned his office, and again the Board was left without a quorum. Nothing fas accomplished by their effort in aid of the plaintiff, but fines were imposed upon the ecusant Aldermen, which were ordered to be applied in discharge of the costs of the proceedngs-

" In October, 1870, the plaintiff obtained a third writ of mandamus, which resulted as the ormer ones had done, and by the same means on the part of the officers of the city. A special lection was ordered to be held to fill the vacancies of the Aldermen so resigning, but no votes rere cast except three in one ward, and the person for whom they were cast refused to qualify. Phe general truth of these facts was not denied. No part of the debt was ever paid.

"In this state of things, the District of Wisconsin having been divided into an Eastern ,nd Western District, and the city of Watertown being in the latter, Rees brought suit in the itter district on his judgments obtained in the general district before the decision, and got a lew judgment upon them for $11,066. He now filed a bill in the Western District, setting Drth the above facts - the general truth of which was not denied - that the debt due to him had ever been paid, and that, with an accumulation of fourteen years' interest, the same remained npaid, an^ that all his etforts to obtain satisfaction of his judgments had fiiiled. All this wa.squally undenied. The bill set forth, also, certain acts of the Legislature of Wisconsin, which, ; was alleged, were intended to aid the defendant in evading the payment of its debts, ami 'hich, it seemed sufficiently plain, had had that effect, whatever might have been the intent of tiie legislature passing them. The bill alleging that the corporate authorities were trustees for the benefit f the creditors of the city, and that the property of the citizens was a trust fund for the payment of ;s debts, and that it was the duty of the Court to lay hold of such property and cause it to be istly applied, now prayed that the Court would subject the taxable property of the city to the paylent of the judgments, * * and that the Marshal of the District might be empowered to jize and sell so much of it as might be necessary, and to pay over to him the proceeds of such lie.

" The answer (or argument made in the brief upon it) set up among other things that 'the ity of Watertown contained a population of but 7,5.53 inhabitants ; that the value of its proprty was assessed at but little over a million of dollars; that the debt of the citj' is §750,000 ; lat it was impossible for the city to pay this debt; that it was expected and provided that the lilroad company would pay the bonds in question; that the city had compromised and settled portion of its debt ; that it had levied the taxes necessary to effect such compromise, and that was ready to compromise all outstanding bonds and judgments at as high a rate as can be illected of the people of Watertown ; that there was no law to compel the retention of the Bee by Aldermen to levy taxes ; that the plaintiff took his chance of its being voluntarily me, and that, not being voluntarily done, there was no violation of law.'

" This case is free from the objections usually made to a recovery upon municipal bonds. It is beyond doubt that the bonds were issued by authority of an act of the Legislature of the State of Wisconsin, and in the m;inner prescribed by the statute. It is not denied that the railroad, in aid of the construction of which they were issued, has been built and was put in operation. Upon a class of the defenses interposed in the answer and in the argument, it is not necessary to spend much time. The theories upon which they proceed are vicious. They are based upon the idea that a refusal to pay an honest debt is justifiable because it would distress the debtor to pay it. A voluntary refusal to pay an honest debt is a high offense in a commercial community, and is just cause of war between nations. So far as the defense rests upon these principles, we find no difficulty in overruling it. There is, however, a grave question of the power of the Court to grant the relief asked for. We are of opinion that this Court has not the power to direct a tax to be levied for the payment of these judgments. This power to impose burdens and raise money is the highest attribute of sovereignty, and is exercised, first, to raise money for public purposes only ; and, second, by the power of legislative authority only. It is a power that has not been extended to the judiciary. Especially is it beyond the power of the Federal judiciary to assume the place of a State in the exercise of this authority, at once so delicate and so important.

obstructed in the pursuit of his legal remedies, we should be quite willing to give him the aid requested, if the law permitted it. We cannot, however, find authority for so doing, and we acquiesce in the conclusion of the Court below that the bill must be dismissed."

This is one of the most important decisions ever rendered by the United States Supreme Court. It is frequently, and will doubtless continue to be, cited as a precedent in similar cases. The situation in Watertown, however, is an embarrassing one, and the people are anxious and willing to acquiesce in some e([uitable arrangement for removing the shadow which hangs over their prosperity like a pall. It is natural that they should resist every effort of the bondholders to make them pay an enormous sum on a property whose emoluments are enjoyed by others.

Chicago ^ North- Western. - In this connection, something of the history of the progress of the roads in question will be of interest. The Rock River Valley Union Railroad was the one, perhaps, to which the people of Jefferson County looked forward to as affording them the first and best outlet. Every movement in connection therewith was eagerly recorded by the local newspapers. The commencement of operations in 1851, at Fond du Lac - which had then been decided upon as the northern terminus of the line - and the completion of a few miles of the road southward from that city was joyous news to the citizens of Jefferson County. Everybody had railroad on the brain, and it is not surprising that the voting of bonds became of frequent occurrence. To give the minor details of the many phases of the railway history in question would encroach upon valuable space in this work which must be devoted to subjects of quite as great importance. Brief mention of the most essential events must suffice :

The Watertown Democrat of October 26, 1854, speaking of the Rock River Valley Union Railroad, saiil the Company had " apparently passed through the ordeal of all projects that conflict with the lake shore interests."

About this time, A. Hyatt Smith of Janesville, and John B. Macy retired from their positions as Directors, and an entire new Board was elected as follows : A. G. Butler, of Fond du Lac ; Alonzo Wing, Jefferson ; L. P. Harvey, Shopiere ; George P. Delaplaine, Madison ; Daniel Lovejoy. Cooktown ; Milo Jones, Fort Atkinson; J. B. Doe and Joseph A. Wood, Janesville ; William B. Ogden, Daniel Brainard and Henry Smith, Chicago ; Charles Butler, New

York; William Jarvis, Middletown, Conn.; John Wooster, Boston ; J. W. Hickok, Burlington, Vt. At a subsequent meeting held at Janesville, the following officers were elected : Charles Butler, President ; J. B. Doe, Vice President and Treasurer ; J. W. Currier, Secretary.

The report of the Directors at this meeting showed that $1,067,073.80 had been expended on the road. Soon afterward, the bonded and floating debt of the Company was converted into stock. About the same time, soon after the election of the new Directory, a meeting of citizens of Watertown was held in Cole's new block, to give expression to the feeling on the subject and to allow certain parties interested to state their views. Mayor Prentiss presided, and E. Quiner acted as Secretary. Speeches were made by Mr. Hickok, of Vermont, Ex-Gov. Tallmadge and A. Hyatt Smith. The following resolutions were adopted :

-' Resolved, That the people of Watertown look upon this new movement with the deepest interest, believing as they do, that this work, when completed, will be of incalculable benefit, not only to this city, but to the State at large.

"Reyiilved, That they tender their full confidence and cordial co-operation to the new Board of Directors, believing them all to be honest and honorable men, capable of bringing to a speedy and successful termination the work intrusted to their charge.

"Resolved, That they cordially approve of the main features of the new movement to wit: An appeal (o the people along the line of the road for subscription to its stock, and that the people of Watertown will contribme its full quota of the material aid necessary to the completion of the work, in full confidence that it will liberally remunerate its stockholders.

" Resolved, That measures be taken to procure the passage of a law for submitting, at an early day, to a vote of the people, the question of loaning the credit of the city to this Company, in aid of said road, to the amount of $120,000.

For some reason there had been a loss of confidence on the part of the people in the early management of the Rock River Valley Union Railroad. While the citizens of Jeft'erson County were with patience awaiting its completion, Janesville and Beloit were engaged in one of their periodical quarrels as to which should pay the largest sum toward the building of the line. When the difficulty had been settled and the road passed to new hands it became necessary to ro-assure the people of Jefferson County that the scheme would thereafter be vigorously prosecuted. To this end a meeting was held at Jeflerson on December 1, 1854, at which Fort Atkinson, Watertown, etc., were well represented.

J. B. Doe, one of the new Board of Directors, defended the company from the damaging aspersions circulated against it, and denied a statement that the bonds had been sold at nominal and various prices. David Noggle, a Janesville lawyer, said he knew that there had been too much "gas" about the early management; that the manner in which the affairs of the company had previou.sly been conducted was a matter of no practical importance, and no indication of the future. He advocated the mortgage system of taking stock, saying that every man who had $2,000 worth of real estate could take $1,000 in stock, give his mortgage runnmg five years at 5 per cent, and, at the expiration of the time, in his opinion, the road would pay the principal and the individual would have his stock clear. The force of Mr. Noggle's argument was manifested by a large number of farmers present following his advice.

Work on the line between Fond du Lac and Watertown was being pushed rapidly, the route being graded nearly the entire distance. A new locomotive, which was taken from Sheboygan to Fond du Lac by teams, was announced to have arrived at the latter place for service on the completed portion of the road running from that city, and from this time forward confidence was restored.

On the 27th of November, 1854, the Watertown City Council passed a resolution ordering an election to be held on the third Monday of December following, for the purpose of voting upon the question of issuing city bonds to the Rock River Valley Union Railroad Company, to the amount of $120,000. The result of this election is already known. Similar action was taken by several other cities and villages along the route.

It was subsequently arranged that the cities and villages voting in favor of the issuance of bonds to the road should take stock and use these bonds in payment therefor. This conversion

The embarrassment experienced by the early management, and under which the Company still continued to labor, soon necessitated a change, and we find that, on December 30, 18.55, the Trustees disposed of the road at public sale for the benefit of the bondholders. William B. Ogdcn, J. H. Hicks and C. C. Wolden, of New York, became the purchasers, paying $20,000 therefor. The road was then consolidated with the Illinois & Wisconsin line, at that time in course of construction from Chicago toward the Northwest, and the Company was thereafter known as the Chicago, Fond du Lac & St. Paul Railroad Company. The issuance of the bonds voted by various cities and villages along the route, then became an important question. Concerning this subject, the Watertown Democrat, of May 3, 1855, says :

" If this railroad company strictly comply with the provisions of the act authorizing the issue of the city bonds, and give ample security that the payment of neither the interest nor principal shall fall on the city, we think the bonds should be granted. We want the railroad, and should be willing to help its completion, when we can do so without loss to ourselves. We hope that, so far as the success of the enterprise depends on us, we shall be found ready and willing to do our part. This is a subject for the deliberation and action of our City Council."

Owing to a failure of the managers of this Company to agree upon a course of action, the building of the road was delayed beyond a reasonable length of time, and the people of Jefferson County, so long kept in a condition between hope and fear, were again upon the point of despair, when an extract from a letter written from New York August 23, 1855, by Mr. Ogden, the President of the Company, published in the different papers throughout the county, re-assured them, and restored, in a measure, their lost confidence. The letter was as follows :

" The affairs of the road are looking up. Five thousand tons of iron have been bought, and a part of it is now being forwarded, with a view of getting to Janesville early in the spring, and of finishing the upper end of the road to the junction of the Milwaukee & La Crosse road. In fact, the whole thing looks very encouraging. The purchase of the balance of the iron will probably be closed to-day."

At a meeting held at Cole's Hall, in Watertown, on October 11, of the same year, Mr. Ogden addressed the assemblage. He said that most of the old bonds of the company had been converted into stock, the liabilities incurred under the former Board of Directors liquidated, seventy miles of the road placed in running order, and iron purchased for a large share of the balance of the line. The Directors, he said, were then making efforts to complete the road from Woodstock to Janesville, and from Waupun to the crossing of the La Crosse road within the following year, and the balance of the road as soon thereafter as possible. Mr. Ogden said the Company looked to the people along the line for bonds and stock subscriptions to the amount of $1,000,000. About one-third of this sum had already been secured at the north end of the road, and to Watertown and Janesville and the villages lying between these cities, the Directors looked for the balance. Before the meeting adjourned, Daniel Jones, A. L. Pritchard and William M. Dennis were appointed a committee to solicit subscriptions.

The next event of interest in the history of this road, was the voting of the $200,000 in bonds by the city of Watertown, already referred to.

In August, 1856, the road was completed between Chicago and Janesville. In the mean time, work upon the northern end of the line had been pushed slowly forward, and all that was now necessary to insure the eternal happiness of the people of Jefferson County was the completion of the connecting link.

In the Democrat of January 15, 1857, occurs the following, which will give some idea of the exertions then being made by both the railway managers and the citizens interested :

"At a late meeting of the Board of Directors of the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad, a resolution was passed to put the road under contract as soon as stock to the amount of $600,000, on the line from Junction to Janesville, and they expect the following amounts to be subscribed at the places named ; Fort Atkinson, $100,000 ; Watertown, $150,000 ; Jefferson,

" The Directors are now here, and will remain this week, and the amount set down for Watertown should be made up at once. We are assured that, if the required amount of $600,000 is not 7iow subscribed, the road will not be put under contract ; but, if promptly taken, it will be put under contract immediately."

Within a month, the required amount was subscribed, and the Directors took their departure for Chicago. But the embarrassments which had attended the construction of this road from its first inception, seem to have increased, and the memorable railway crash of 1857 so crippled the Company that it was only by the most remarkable management the finished portions of the road were kept in operation. It was not till late in the fall of 1858 that the Company began to show signs of recovery from the paralyzing effects of the panic. The first evidence of this is found in the Democrat of September 30, 1858 :

" We have been called upon during the past week by the Directors, bondholders and Trustees of this Company. They have visited the various places on the line of the road to ascertain the state of the work and take the views of the stockholders and inhabitants as to what should be done in the present embarrassed condition of the road. The line is now completed and trains running regularly to Oshkosh, and the land-grant secured for the benefit of the Company. The grading and bridging from this city to the La Crosse Junction is finished and ready for the iron. The plan now proposed is to capitalize the second 8 per cent mortgage and the floating debt of the Company on some fair and equitable basis - the present stock to be taken up and new stock at a reduced amount issued therefor ; and, if not done voluntarily, the first mortgage will be foreclosed by the Trustees, and the present stock, floating debt and secured mortgage will be rendered worthless. The plan as proposed is a good one, and meets with the hearty approval of all the larger stockholders, and, with proper exertion, can and will be successfully carried out ; indeed, it seems to us that there is no other alternative, and it is either this or nothing. * *

* * With this fortunate turn in their affairs, they can go on free from debt and complete the road from Janesville to the La Crosse Junction within twelve months, and thus we shall be put into connection with Chicago direct on the south, and Fond du Lac and Oshkosh on the north.

* * * * understand that the towns along the line, the stockholders and people generally, approve of the plan proposed, and will adopt it almost unanimously."'

In March, 1859, a meeting of the bondholders and others interested in the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac, was held at the New York office, at which it was agreed that the old stock should be exchanged for a new issue so soon as arrangements for the sale of the road could be completed. This was consummated early in June, the creditors being the purchasers, and the Chicago, St. Paul k Fond du Lac Railroad Company became a thing of the past. With the change in management also came a change in name, and the institution has ever since been known as the Chicago & North- Western Railway. A 10 per cent assessment was levied upon all the stock to enable the Company to complete the road from Janesville to La Crosse Junction.

" Work on the Chicago & North-Western Railway is fairly commenced, and we really begin to believe that the Company are in earnest in what they say. Under the old regime, or what was known as the Chicago, St. Paul k Fond du Lac Company, we were so often humbugged into the belief that the work was to be prosecuted with renewed energy and ' finished up this time without any mistake,' that we had about made up our minds that the next time we believed it, or announced it, would be when we saw it done and heard the whistle of the locomotive. Gangs of men are scattered all along the line of the road. Hon. Perry H. Smith is securing the right of way, and pays cash in hand for the damages when agreed upon."

October 8, of the same year, Wells & French, railroad builders on the North-Western road, i^rtve a -' railroad supper" in Watertown, at the Exchange Hotel. Among others present on that occasion were Russel Sage, Judge Rose, D. C. Jackson and Gen. Chappell.

November 3, a terrible accident occurred eight miles south of Watertown. The southbound passenger train ran over a large ox and was thrown from the track, five passenger cars being smashed to pieces. Eleven persons were killed outright, three fatally injured and twentyfive badly hurt. Among the killed was Theron Minor, formerly editor of the Watertown Chronicle.

In March, 1860, the road was completed to Watertown ; work was continued on the route north, but the events attending its progress ceased to be of any great interest to the people of Jefferson County.

In March, 1861, the Legislature passed an act authorizing the Chicago & North-Western Railway Company to consolidate their line with any road north of the La Crosse road. Gradually, the North-Western extended its Briarean arms until to-day it is one of the most powerful and important corporations in the United States.

Chicago, Mihvaukee <|- St. Paul. - Originally known as the Milwaukee & Watertown Railroad. This road was originally incorporated in 1853. The interest taken in its success by the people of Jefferson County, and especially those of Watertown, is manifested by the readiness with which they voted substantial aid for it. The road was completed to Oconomowoc, from Milwaukee, in the fall of 1854. Here the enterprise rested until the following spring, when work was resumed. June 5, 1855, a contract was made with A. L. Graham & Co., for grading, bridging and ballasting the road from Oconomowoc to Columbus, via Watertown, the work to be completed by August 1, 1855. The receipts upon the completed portion of the road, from December 15, 1854, to the last of May following (five and a half months), amounted to §83,848.52.

The road was completed to Watertown September 21, 1855. The event was to have been celebrated by a grand demonstration on the part of the people, but the Common Council having refused to vote funds for that purpose, the movement, beyond the opening of a few baskets in a quiet way, was a failure, and the Milwaukee & Watertown Railroad soon became an old institution, the object of frequent complaint when its managers assumed to dictate terms to those who had aided in its construction. In less than a month after its completion, the following item relative to the transportation of freight appeared in the Watertown Deniocrnt :

" At both ends of the route, there are heavy and rapidly accumulating amounts of freight of all kinds, ready and waiting for immediate transportation, with no means to move it but such as the railroad furnishes. In fact, as things now are, the owners of this property are entirely dependent upon the Company. Under these circumstances, it is earnestly to be hoped that some effectual way will soon be devised to do awaj' with all cau.ses of complaint.

"Railroads do great things in the way of introducing 'city fixings' into inland places, when once the iron horse bejrins to make his regular visits. We notice that Mr. Peter Rogan, the proprietor of the American, has just bought a large and fine omnibus. This is the second establishment of the kind in the city, the one belonging to the Planter's having been bought some months ago. Our hotel-keepers are up to the times."

The next complaint on the part of the citizens of Watertown against this Company was of more serious nature. City bonds to the amount of §80,000 having been issued to the Company, they had failed to give tlie stipulated security. This was the source of much caustic criticism by tlie local press.

History Of Jefferson Coitnty

In May, 1856, the village of Waterloo voted twice on the question of extending aid to the Madison & Watertown. The first election showed eighteen majority against the proposition. The Board of Supervisors, not being pleased with the result, ordered a new election, which resulted in fourteen majority for the railroad subsidy, $35,000. About the same time, a consolidation took place between the Watertown & Madison and the Milwaukee & Watertown Companies, and on the 10th of June, 1856, ground was broken on that part of the road which now connects Watertown with the State capital. A month later, 400 men were engaged on the work. September, 1850, a consolidation took place between the La Crosse & Milwaukee and the Milwaukee & Watertown Companies. This had the eifect of harmonizing the many railway interests which had at tliat time begun to assert themselves. Under the new arrangement, three of the former Directors of the La Crosse retired, and Eliphalet Cramer, Alexander Mitchell and W. B, Hibbard were elected to fill their places. Byron Kilbourn continued in the office of President.

As showing the importance of this road and the interest with which it was regarded abroad, the following from the New York Tribune's money article of April 14, 1857, is given :

" The Watertown & Madison Railroad Company have disposed of $150,000 of the $200,000 of its Watertown city bonds, issued in aid of that road, at very satisfiictory rates. They have also sold a portion of the Madison City bonds. This negotiation places the completion of the road to Madison by the 1st of October next beyond a doubt. The iron is all proivded, and the grading is two-thirds finished."

The diiferent lines, under the combined management, were operated and extended in accordance with previous arrangements until February, 1858, when the Watertown Division was sold to a new company, under the presidency of Hon. S. L. Rose, to be known as the Milwaukee, Watertown & Baraboo Railroad.

In July, 1863, the various railroad companies in the State re-organized, " pooled their issues," and at the pesent time are virtually under one and the same management, so far as the regulation of rates is concerned.

Watertown is now one of the principal railway centers in the State. It is a sort of halfway house, as it were, for the difterent lines passing north and south, east and west. An important interest, in the shape of railway shops, freight and passenger depots, etc., has grown up in the suburbs of the city, aiTording employment to many citizens at fair compensation.

Tlie Watertown agents of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St.' Paul - Jonas H. Sleeper and John J. Moulding - furnish the following interesting figures concerning the road : The revenue accruing from the passenger and freight traffic to and from Watertown in 1867, amounted to $98,059.82. In 1877, it was $153,660.80. In 1857 (the first year of the road's existence), the gross earnings of the entire road are given at $882,817.89. In 1867 (with 820 miles of track), the gross earnings were $5,683,608 ; total expenses, $2,880,434. In 1877 (with 1,412 miles), the gross earnings were $8,114,894.27 ; expenses, $4,540,453.57.

Chained Liijhtning. - The thunder of the iron horse is invariably followed by the lightning of the telegraph. The first electric wire reached Watertown on the 26th of August, 1856. It was erected by the Wisconsin State Telegraph Company, and connected Watertown with Milwaukee. The office was located in Cole's Block. John Hawkins was the first operator. The Western Union office is now located in the express office on West Main street, a perfect network of wires being required for the service.

Express Coynpany. - The American Express Company established an office in Watertown in 1854, a Mr. Hayward being the first agent. The office was first located at the corner of West avenue and Water street, where Roper & Ferry's agricultural implement store is now located. In 1856, Mr. Hayward was superseded by C. A. Sprague, who removed the office to the east side of the river, next to Wiggenhorn's cigar store. In 1867, Mr. Sprague was succeeded by a Mr. Piper, and, in the following year, E. L. Patch became the agent. In 1872, Mr. Patch withdrew in favor of H. B. Dodd, the present agent, who removed the office to Dennis' Block.

Water

Watertown is famous far and wide for its artesian wells, and the peculiar quality of the water that flows from them. Never-failing streams of water, containing a large percentage of iron and magnesia, are obtained at a depth of about fifty feet. There are two magnetic wells in Watertown, so-called from the fact that a knife-blade, or other steel utensil, held for a few seconds in the water that comes from them will attract a needle. The water is very wholesome, and its use has effected many cures of chronic diseases, and afforded wonderful relief to others.

The first frame house built on the west side of the river now stands on the southeast comer of West avenue and Water street. It vas built in 1845 by Patrick Rogan, one of the most enterprising of Watertown's early settlers.

The first brick building erected in Watertown is the one now occupied as a shoe store by Henry Meyers, on the north side of Main street, between First and Second.

The first brick structure on the west side of the river is now the property of ex-Mayor Mulberger, at present occupied by W. C. Stone as a restaurant. It was built by Patrick Rogan.

Historical Ite.Ms

John Richards was the first lawyer who came to Watertown. He was duly admitted to the bar, but did not practice. He found other pursuits more profitable in those days. He was the first District Attorney in Jefferson County.

Drs. Cokeley and Goodenough were the first practicing physicians ; Drs. Cody and Spalding are the leading physicians in Watertown at the present time.

The Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad depot was burned in July, 1865 ; burned again December 8, 1874. The junction depot of the same road met a smiilar fate September 29, 1872 ; burned again November 12, 1875.

Every intelligent and public-spirited citizen who can afford it has a copy of the Jefferson County History in his library. A few wealthy individuals, however, believe that they can pass through the eye of a needle and take their riches and the record of their lives to a better world.

The Cemeteries

Let US draw the curtain upon this panorama of progress. We have witnessed the birth of Watertown, as near as such a thing is possible forty-three years after that important event occurred ; followed the course of its existence down to the present time, viewing the various stages of its growth. Among the groves that surround this beautiful city, in the bosom of the cold earth, lie in eternal rest, many of the pioneers whose names are recorded in these pages. Their graves are appropriately marked, but the most imperishable tablets to their memory are the tall spires of almost a score of churches, the enduring walls of schoolhouses and business blocks, and the grand structures of commerce, throbbing with the pulsations of prosperity, which beautify and give fame and fortune to the city of Watertown. Now let us visit the homes of the dead.

The first lonely habitation for the repose of the dear departed was laid out as early as 1840, located near the present site of the Lutheran College. It was a public burying-ground, where the earthly remains of the highest and the lowest, without distinction as to religious creed, might be laid in peace forevermore. Crumbling tombs still mark the solitary spot. In 18.50, John Richards, L. A. Friebert, Andrew Peterson and Daniel Jones organized, under an act of the Legislature, the Oak Hill Cemetery Association, and procured suitable grounds for the purpose within the southwestern limits of the village. In 1864, thirty acres of land were purchased by the Association in the eastern suburbs of the city, about one-half of which was laid out in lots. Many of the bodies buried in the original plats on both the east and west sides of the city were taken up and re-interred in the new cemetery grounds. Under the superintendency of Mr. Chris. Schroeder, the place has been made to "blossom as the rose." The present oiBcers of the Association are Daniel Jones, President ; Theodore Prentiss, Treasurer ; Justus T. Moak, Secretary. Trustees - Daniel Hall, William H. Rohr, J. T. Moak, Theodore Prentiss and Daniel Jones.

Many of the various religious denominations in Watertown have their cemeteries, supported from the church funds and managed by the church oiBcials. The Lutheran cemetery is located on a beautiful elevation north of the city, on the Hustisford road. The United Brethren, or Moravians, bury their dead in the same vicinity.

Upon the sloping surface of a gently rising knoll near the Milford road, in the western suburbs, may be seen a somber forest of crosses, marking the last resting-places of many disciples of the Church of Rome. This spot is devoted exclusively to the interment of members of St. Bernard's Parish.

Ten years ago, the German Catholics established a burying-ground on the north road, where lie the remains of the departed members of St. Henry's Parish, awaiting the final summons.

and grist mill forty miles above Omaha, on the Missouri River. In 1867, he also built a mill on Platte River, ten miles south of Denver. In 1869, he sold out his interest in milling, having been engaged in it for twenty-eight years of his life, since which time, having retired from active business, he has resided at Watertown. Mr. Cole married Miss Mary Jane Brackett (daughter of Jerry C. and Uranah Brackett, of Vermont) Aug. 29, 1842, at Charleston, Orleans Co., Vt. ; they have four children, two living - Guy L. and [Jranah B. (^now wife of F. L. Clark, of Watertown), and two deceased - Guy G. and Martha.

JOHN W. COLiE, Watertown ; is the third son of Ebenezer Cole, and brother of Luther A. Cole, whose biography precedes this one, and was born the 2Sth day of December, 1814, in Charleston, Orlean.s Co., Vt. ; until the age of 22, he worked upon the farm of his parents, and with his father at his trade of carpenter and joiner. In the fall of 1836, he started West, and first came to Milwaukee, where he remained until January, 1837, cutting timber on the Milwaukee River, when he moved to Watertown, making the trip with ox-teams, carrying flour and pork, and with his brother, Luther A., and five others, kept what was called the " bachelor's distress '" for four years. He engaged with his brother in the general merchandise business, having built the first store in Watertown. Having dissolved partnership with his brother, Mr. Cole built a store on the north corner of Second and Main streets, and carried on a general merchandise business for about fifteen years, part of this time being also engaged in the manufacture of saleratus and potash. In 1854, he built the block of stores on the southeast corner of Second and Main streets, since which time Mr. Cole has lived retired from active business in Watertown. For two years he held, in Osage Co., while living there, the oiEce of County Commissioner. In 1855, he held the oflSce of Mayor of Watertown, and has also been Supervisor of Jefl'erson Co. He married Miss Eliza C. Fisk (daughter of James L. and Laura Fisk, of the State of New York) Nov. 19, 1844; they had three children, one living - Oscar A., aad two deceased - one named Johnnie, the other dying in infancy.

RKV. P. J. COIjOVIN, Pastor of St. Bernard's Catholic Church, at Watertown ; was born in London, Canada West, July 4, 1842, and came to Wisconsin in 1872, locating at Watertown. He received his literary education at St. Hyacinth College and at St. Laurent College, after which he was Profes-or of Moral Philosophy at St. Laurent and Notre Dame for ten years, and was Superior of St. Laurent for one year. In August, 1871, he was sent to Notre Dame as Professor of Dogma. In 1872 to 1874, was Assistant Pastor of St. Bernard's Church, then returned to Notre Dame as President of the College until 1S77, when he returned to Watertown and took charge of St. Bernard's Church, as Pastor.

Id. H. COROES, proprietor of billiard and beer saloon; born in Watertown July 29, 1852; engaged in present business in February, 1879. Mr. Cordes is a son of Joachim C. Cordes, who came to Watertown in 1847.

JOACHIM C CORDES, dealer in agricultural implements; born in Germany; came to New York City in 1846; lived there until 1847, then came to Watertown, engaged in farming fourteen years, then came to this city, and was engaged in mercantile business until 1869 ; afterward in saloon business, and now dealing in farm implements. Mr. Cordes was one of the first musicians of this place; conducted a string band for several years. He has been Township Assessor and Supervisor. He was married in Watertown, Sept. 14, 1850, to Minnie Hoaffer ; she was born in Germany; they have eight children - Louis H., Minnie. Frances, Martha, Ida, Emma, Anna and Ernst August.

MICHAEL, CUNXIIVGHAM, Deputy Sheriff; wasbornm Hollowell, Steuben Co., N. Y., Sept. 17, 1842. He is a son of Patrick Cunningham, who came with his family to Milford, Jefferson Co., Wis., in 1846. Patrick Cunningham was engaged in farming until he retired from active life, in 1865. He died Aug. 17, 1879, his wife, Nancy, died Nov. 4, 1848. The subject of this sketch was engaged in farming pursuits until he enlisted Aug. 12, 1862, in Co. D, 3d W. V. C. Nov. 25, 1862, he was wounded at Cincinnati, Ark. ; seven months afterward, he was appointed Hospital Steward, and served in that capacity until he was mustered out at St. Louis June 19, 1865; he then returned to Jefferson Co. He was married at Riehwood, Dodge Co., Oct. 9, 1865, to Mary Woods. Mr. Cunningham was in the employ of the American Express Company, at this point, for nine years (he was transfer clerk for that company fur a period of four years and a half). He carried on city express business for two years. Appointed City Marshal in 1876. He was for a year and a half with S. E. Randall, dealer in agricultural implements. Jan. 6, 1879, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff, which position he now holds.

N. C. DANIELS, Superintendent of the C, M. & St. P. Ry. Co.'s Rail-mill, Machine and Blacksmith Shops ; born in Windsor Co., Vt., Oct. 3, 1825 ; came to Dodge Co., Wis., in 1855, having been for eight or nine years prior to this time a resident of Massachusetts. While he resided in Dodge Co., he was elected to fill various town offices in Lowell. In 1861, he became connected with the railway company, and has been in the employ of this company ever since. In 1868, he came to Watertown to reside. In January, 1848, he was united in marriage to Mary C. Joselyn ; they have three children living - Helen

M. (now Mrs. J. W. Laflin of Oshkosh, Wis.), Emma F. (now Mrs. 0. M. Burhaus of Essex, Page Co., Iowa), and Anna M ; their youngest daughter, Jessie Benton Daniels, died Sept. 4, 1879, aged 18 years 1 month and 19 days.

HKXRY DAl'B, proprietor of the Excelsior Beer Hall and Restaurant, and sole agent for the sale of Fred Miller's Milwaukee hger beer. Mr. Daub was bnrn July 28, 1848, in Hamm, a city in the Province of Westphalia ; he attended the Universitj' until 1862. and then engaged in the business of telegraph operator for railway company ; worked at that busines.s until May 1, 1869 (seven years); at that time, being called on to serve in the army, he decided to emigrate to America, which he did, arriving at Watertown June 3, 1869 ; for sis months, he was employed as book-keeper in the Empire Brewery, owned by his uncle, A. Fuermann ; afterward he was engaged as book-keeper and clerk in the boot and shoe establishment of H'.nry Bertram ; remained in that position for four years ; after leaving the retail boot and shoe business, he entered the employ of the wholesale boot and shoe house of Shay & Pearson, of Chicago, and continued with this firm as traveling salesman through Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa, for nearly two years ; afterward, for one year and a half, he was with the Janesville Shoe Manufacturing Company in the capacity of traveling agent ; after the failure of the last-named company, in 1877, Mr. Daub discontinued traveling and engaged in present business for himself He is a member of Washington Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., Guttenberg Lodge, 13, 0. D. H. S., and of the Concordia Musical Society. Oct. 27, 1872, he married Amalie Bertram,' daughter of Henry Bertram ; she was born in Watertown Oct 26, 1852 ; they have two children - Loui.se, aged 4 years, and Mary, three years of age.

JOHN DEITJEN, grocer; born in Bremen, Germany, June 18, 1846 ; came to America and located ill New York City ; employed as a clerk in grocery store until 1865, when he entered the United States Navy and continued in that service until 1S6S, when he came to Watertown. He was married here, Oct. 24, 1871, to Amelia Frederick ; she was born in Germany Sept. 19, 1851 ; they have four children, Hermann, born Oct. 31,1872; Bernard, April 7, 1874 ; Clara, Oct. 5, 1875, and Emma, Aug. 3, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. D. are members of the Baptist Church.

JOHN B. DEjVXIX«ER, Principal of the Lutheran School; born in Berlin, Prussia, Jan. 18, 184t); came to America in 1S()2; located in Addison, Washington Co., Wis., and resided there about five years, then came to Watertown and entered the Northwestern University, where he remained as a student about three years; he taught two winters in Addison, one year in Lomira and Teresa, in Dodge Co.;inOctober, 1869, went to Oshkosh ; remained there until 1873; Jan.l, 1874,he went to Milwaukee ; was engaged in teaching there one year and nine months; in September, 1875, he came to Watertown. Mr. D. married Emma Lindenstruth in Oshkosh, her native place, April 23, 1872 ; they have two children - Paul G. B. And Otto J. M.

WIIjLIAJI E. DERVIN. painter and paper-hanger; was born in New York Stat«in 1849 ; moved to Pennsylvania when quite young, where he remained eight years ; he then moved to and located in the town of Clyman, Dodge Co., Wis., and lived there till the year 1860, when he moved to Watertown and began clerking in a grocery store for his brother; in 1861, he enlisted in Co. F, of the 16th United States Infantry; he was wounded in the right limb at the battle of Stone River, near Murphysboro ; on account of the wound he was discharged at Louisville, Ky., May 6, 1863 ; he returned to Watertown in 1863, and, in 1864, he went to St. Louis, Mo., where he learned the painter's trade and remained till September, 1868, when he again returned to Watertown, and, most of the time since, has been employed as painter for the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co. He married Miss Mary Dillon, of St. Louis, Feb. 10, 1867, by whom he has four children - Alice, born in January, 1868; William T., Oct, 5, 1869 ; Eugene, .March 4, 1871, and Arthur, Feb. 1, 1879. Mr. Dervin and family are members of St. Bernard's Churth ; he has been JIarshal of the Catholic Total Abstinence Society during the years 1878 and 1879.

C'OXRAD DIPPEIi, Sixth Ward, D,)dge Co; born in Saxony Nov. 2, 1831; came to America in 1849; located on Staten Island; there and in New York City he learned the trade of plasterer and stone and brick mason ; resided on Staten Island, New Y^ork Citj' and New Jersey until 1855, except a few months spent in Indiana and St. Louis iu 1852 and 1853; in May, 1854, he married Louise Hoerger; she died in Cottage Grove, Dane Co., Wis., in October, 1861 ; by thb marriage he had three children, two of whom are now living - Louis and Caroline ; one son, John, died when only about 6 months old. Mr. Dippel's present wife was Mrs. Wilhdmina Niemann; they were married in April,- 1862 ; she had one daughter by a former marriage - Augusta (now Mrs. Wendtland of Watertown). Mr. Dippel came to AVatertown in 1855 ; lived here until March, 1861, then he removed to Cottage Grove, Dane Co., where he resided until April, 1862, then returned to Watertown; he served one year and one month in Co. I, 37th Wis. V. I.; was wounded and lost right arm, near Petersburg, Va., June 17. 1864; discharged and pensioned in December, 1864 ; since that time he has lived in Watertown, He was educated at the

Gity Of Watertown

Polytechnic Institute of Drosden, Saxony. For six years, he taught in the Sixth Ward Public School of Watertown ; he is a member of the German Reformed Church ; he is Secretary and Treasurer of the Bible Society, and is a member of the Northeastern Wisconsin Bee-Keeper's Association. Mr. D. is a bee-keeper of considerable prominence, being a producer to quite an extent.

JACOB DITSCHLiER, proprietor of saloon ; burn in Germany June 21, 1845 ; came to New Orleans with his father in 1S47 ; remained there eight months; then they came to Cincinnati, Ohio ; lived there six years ; then resided in Hamilton, Ohio, two years ; returned to Cincinnati and remained one year, then went to Peoria, where ho resided until 1856, then came to Milwaukee; lived there eleven years, except three years spent in the army ; came to Watertown in 18(37 ; remained here six months, then went to Beaver Dam, where he stayed one year, when he returned to Milwaukee and spent two years more, and then finally returned to Watertown ; engaged in cit'ar-making until the fall of 1878, when he engaged in saloon business. Oct. 8, 1861, he enlisted in Co. B, 1st Wisconsin Mounted Infantry; he served as Corporal ; was in all engagements his regiment participated in ; served three years. He was married. May 26. 1870, to Augusta Schmidt; she was born in Prussia; they have four children - Anton, Clara, Edward and Ferdinand. Mr. D. is a member of the Corcordia Musical Society, also of the Harugari.

H. B. BODD, representing the express and telegraph companies; was born in Toledo, Ohio, iu October, 184'J ; when 9 years of age, he removed to Indianapolis, where he resided seven years; going thence to Canada ; remaining there two years and removing to Kalamazoo, Mich., residing there one year, when he again removed and established himself at Fond du Lac; whence, after four years' residence, he again moved to Watertown, reaching his present home in the spring of 1872 ; he has been in the employ of the American Express Company thirteen years. On the 29th of May, 1872, he was married to Adelaide 0. Lewis, of Fond du Lac, a native of New York State, by whom he has one child - Carrie Olive, born Dec. 23, 1874.

S. M. KATOX, manufacturer of mineral waters; born near Kingston, Canada, Dec. 26, 1832. His father, Almon R. Eaton, came with his family to Whitewater, Wis., in 1842 ; after two years' residence there, ho removed to the town of Hebron, Jefferson Co., where he now resides. S. M. Eaton came to Watertown in 1868, having been located at Fond du Lac for two years prior to that date, engaged in the manufacture of soda and mineral waters since 1866. April 1, 1855, he married Eleanor J. Green, daughter of Joseph Green (deceased), of Hebron ; she was born in Saratoga, N. Y., July 28, 1832; they have four children - Frank M., Edward 0., Clarence C. and Ella A.

IwHSTAV KBERLE, druggist ; born in Greenland Nov. 4, 1826 ; he is a son of a missionary who was in that northern country for over forty years. Gustav was educated in Germany and came from there to America in 1850; resided in the East until 1853, when he came to Watertown, arriving here May 11 ; he was engaged in carrying on a soap and candle manufactory here until 1873; he then engaged in the drug business with his son, Hermann T., who is a graduate of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Mr. Gustav Eberle was married, Dec. 23, 1851, to Mary Kaltenbrunnen ; she was born in Germany; they have five children living - Hermann T., Emily, Eugene, Bertha and Albert. Mr. and Mrs. Eberle are members of the Moravian Church.

REV. AUtJlTST F. ERXST, President of the Northwestern University; born in Hanover June 25, 1841 ; educated in the colleges oF Celle and at the University of Gottingen ; taught one year in Germany; then, in 1863, came to America and located in New York City, where he was engaged in the holy ministry; in 1864, he was ordained at Pottstown, Penn. ; preached in New York City until 1868; for ten months thereafter, he had pastoral charge of a congregation at Albany, N. Y.,then came to Watertown. Prof Ernst married Agnes Hartwig Jan. 7, 1868 ; she was born in the city of New York ; they have .six children - George R. A., Charles P. A., Adolfine W. B., Elizabeth D. G., Mary A. G. and Frederick H. W.

EDWARD R. EVANS, proprietor of livery stable ; born in Cardiganshire, South Wales, Nov. 21, 1822 ; came to America in 1840 ; located in Utica, N. Y., one year; spent two years in Lexington, Ky., and some time in St. Louis and other places before coming to Watertown in the spring of 1846 ; engaged in blacksmith and wagon-making business here until 1870, when he engaged in livery business. He was married in Delafield, Waukesha Co., Wis., Nov. 13, 1846, to Sarah Jones; she was born in Cardiganshire, South Wales ; they have six children - George W. (associated with his father), Sade (now Mrs. Eugene Bradbury, of Watertown ), Gomer E. (a resident of Chicago"), Eliza, John Quincy (telegraph operator for the C, JI. & St. P. R. R. Co. at this place) and David C. (who resides with his parents).

THOMAS B. EVAXS, carpenter and joiner; born Dec. 16, 1823, in Carmarthenshire, Wales, where he was educated and learnt his profession ; came to America in 1853, and located in Watertown, Wis.; worked for himself till 1856, when he entered the employ of the C. & St. P. Railroad, and worked in several departments till, in 1869, he became foreman carpenter, and still holds that position. Married Miss Margaret Jones, of Wales, in September, 1S51 ; have one child - David T. Membere of the Welsh Presbyterian Churuh ; Republican.

JOHN fOKD, of the firm of Hamlin & Ford, dealers in lumber, building-paper, paints, coal, etc.; born in .Scotland June 30, 1825; came to America and located at Watertowu in August, 1849; for sixteen years, he worked at his trade of plasterer, stone and brick mason ; in 1803 and 1864, he spent a year and a half in Arkansas in the Quartermaster's Department of the United States Army ; afterward, he worked for a year at his trades and for seven years he was in the office of the Chief Engineer of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company; Feb. 1, 1873, he engaged in the lumber business with Mr. Hamlin, and they have be(!n as,«ociated together in the same bu.siness ever since. Mr. Ford was first Superintendent of Schools under the union plan, afterward Commissioner of Schools for the Sixth Ward for one year, and in 1878 was Commissioner of Schools for the First Ward. Dec. 3, 1847, he married Martha McKritchie ; she was born in Scotland ; they have had six children ; the living are James Gr., John C. aud Julia J.; lost three children; two sons died in infmcy ; one daughter, Anna, died Dec. -'9, 1866, aged 17 years. Mrs. Ford and Julia J. are members of the Congregational Chnrch.

AIJtrL'ST FUKRMAXX, brewer; was born in Germany .Ian. 8. 1822; came to Wisconsin in 1847, locating in Milwaukee, where he opened a grocery and saloon ; he then moved to Watertown and engaged in the brewing of lager beer in a building 24x50 and gradually made additions to the same until he has the handsomest brewery in Watertown. He married, in 1840, Christiana Ilengott, of Prussia ; he has nine children - Charlie, August, Amelia, Ju'ius, Aida, Henry, letle, Albert and Gerhard.

AlJGrST FI'ERMAXN, Jr., proprietor of saloon; born in Watertown Sept. 3,1850; associated witli his fkther in the bnwing bu>iiiess here, and Chicago agent of the Fuermann Brewing Company from October, 1871, until he returned to Watertown, and engaged in present bu.sinessin February, 1878. Dec. 19, 1874. he was married to Eliza Speer (daughter of Ferdinand Speer) ; she w;is born in Watertown; they have one child - Amanda, born April 29, 1878. Mr. F. is a member of A., F. & A. M., I. O. O. F., Turners' and Concordia Musical Societies.

WM. FUERSTENAU, teacher; born in Prussia April 16, 1830 ; came to America in 1857 ; located in Chicago; was employed as a teacher there and in that vicinity for seven years; then he came to Watertown, and has been engaged in teaching here ever since; he is Prit;cipal of the school which he is now connected with ; educated at Stettin Seminary, in Germany. Mr. F is a member of "the Mis.souri German Lutheran Synod. Oct. 12, 1854. he was married, in Germany, to Wilhelmina Gramzow ; she was born in Prussia; they have six children - Martha (now the wife of Rev. .Mr. .^lachmiller, of Fairbank, Iowa), Renata (now teaching in Milwaukee), Martin (a student in the Northwestern University), Paul and Anna.

S. B. FFCIjER, wholesale and retail dealer in new " Home," " Eldredge," and the best makes of Singer Sewing Machines. Mr. Fuller came to Watertown in August, 1866; he has sold about 4,000 sewing machines since he engaged in that business in 1869 ; the first three years of his residence here, he was in insurance business ; then, for nine years, he was district agent for the -' Singer Manufacturing Company ;" he was borti in Milford. N. H., June 24, 1841 ; from 1855 to 1866, resided at Fond du Lac. In April, 1870, he was married to Mary L Avery, daughter of Dr. Avery, of Richmond, Ind.; she was born in Ohio; they have three children - Gertrude, Anna and Abbie. Mrs. Fuller is a member of the Congregational Church.