Muscogee Manufacturing Company, Front Avenue & 14th Street, Columbus

Source document Quoted word for word from HAER GA,108-COLM,2-. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Each successive mill of the Muscogee complex has its own character and significance. All buildings erected at the site since remain standing, an unusual massing of industrial buildings which clearly reveals the sprawling expansion of the company. This growth has included the absorption of two independently built structures, the Carnegie Public Library and the Mott House, an antebellum plantation home. On the factory site in antebellum years stood the Coweta Falls Factory the first textile mill established within the city limits of Columbus. All Columbus textile mills were burned by Union forces in after the war, George Parker Swift and other Georgia industrialists organized the Muscogee Manufacturing Company and built the first of seven mills extant on the site.

The wheelhouse of Mill #1 housed in the first arc-light dynamo installed for commercial lighting in Columbus. Historians: J. B. Karfunkle, Barbara A. Kimmelman, John S. Lupold, (See HAER drawings numbered GA-33-11, GA-33-12, and GA-33-13 [Front Avenue Industrial District]) Muscogee Co. HAER GA-23 (Page 2)

Muscogee Manufacturing Company

The'remarkable mill complex of the Muscogee Manufacturing Company is situated in downtown Columbus at Street, just north, of the Eagle and Phenix mill complex (see Columbus Drawing 1, MUS photo 1). It stands at the site of one of Columbus's.earliest textile mills, established in The site's association with. Columbus's ante- bellum textile industry contributes greatly to its significance. The site also figured prominently in Columbus's early water power development. Although records are scarce and often conflicting for the ante-bellum period, it is known that the City of Columbus, when divid- ing the town into lots for sale, set aside 37 "water lots" along the Chattahoochee River extending south from Street.

These lots were to be sold to private individuals on the condition that the purchasers develop the water power at the lot for industrial use (see Water Power Development at the Falls of the Chattahoochee, HAER, Columbus Report, for more detailed discussion and references). The Muscogee mill's predecessor was among the first to take advantage of the river's power. This report is divided into three sections. The first is a general chronological history of the site, divided into ante-bellum and post-war periods; the second deals with power production at the site, and with the company's interesting role in the introduction of the electrical industry in Columbus; the third is a conclusion. I.

General History Ante-Be Hum Years In the Coweta Falls Factory, the first textile mill within the Columbus city limits, went into operation at the site of the present Muscogee Manufacturing Company. [1] Major John H. Howard and Josephus Echols built the Coweta Falls mill on the northernmost of 37 water lots set aside for private developers by the city of Columbus. [2] Water Lot 1 cost the developers mill construction costs totalled $6,QO0. Contemporary newspapers described the mill as a 75 x 48 foot, five-story brick structure with, a tin roof. A mill bell in the belfry atop the roof called the hands to work. J3] A dam, built by Howard and Echols just north of the mill, diverted water into a power canal which ran to water lots 1 through 29.

The canal served several other ante-bellum mills, including the Howard-Factory and the Eagle Manufacturing Company (see Hater Power Development... report for details of canal construction and significance of these early mills). Power was transmitted hydromechanically to the spindles and 20 looms in the Coweta Falls mill. [4] Muscogee Co. HAER GA-23 (Page 3) In April Colonel Farish Carter,:one of the wealthiest cotton planters in Georgia, purchased one-quarter interest in the Coweta Falls Factory; his nephew, Dr. John Eaird, also purchased interest in the concern. [5] -The owners used the newly acquired capital to expand the mill facilities. By total investment had reached in the Coweta Falls Factory. There were spindles and 45 looms making cloth and yarn.

A machine shop in the building produced spindles and looms for the mill and for other manufacturers. Power to the entire mill was provided by a Rich's center vent water wheel 5 feet in diameter. [6] In April high water flooding damaged the power canal, crumbling half its length and severely reducing power available to the various mills. The Coweta Falls Factory, at the head of the canal, blocked the entrance to divert more water to its wheels, further inhibiting flow to the mills below. Not until June was the western wall of the canal completely restored. [7] The Coweta Falls Factory suffered difficulties in addition to the problems and controversies concerning water flow.

The company frequently suffered from sudden rises in cotton prices, a condition rendered more acute by a shortage of operating capital. In the Brunswick Bank, the company's primary lender, refused to extend further credit. The stockholders of the company could not raise the operating capital required, and the company was forced to mortgage its assets in to R. J. Moses, Epping, and Reed. In the Coweta Falls Factory defaulted on the mortgage, and the owners sold out to Seaborn Jones, Paul Simms, and other Columbus businessmen. [8] The start of the Civil War saw the Coweta Falls mill owned by John J. Grant, a cotton broker and commission merchant. Grant's business, like all Columbus concerns, experienced a great wartime expansion.

Coweta Falls produced white goods and yarns for the Confederacy. Grant's good fortune ended abruptly in April when General Wilson's Union troops burned Coweta Falls, and all the other Columbus textile mills, to the ground. [9] The Swift Ownership, George Parker Swift, a textile entrepreneur originally from Massachusetts, had moved to Georgia in the and established several mills in Upson County. One large mill of spindles and 2Q0 looms produced grey sheetings, shirtings., and ball thread from the until well after the Civil War. Swift found the profitability of this mill limited by the crude transportation available at the site; twice weekly, a six-mule team pulled the finished.goods. 75 miles to Macon by covered wagon.

Another of Swift's concerns, the Flint River Mill at what is now Swift OIL, could ship its products by ferry to rail- road terminals. Muscogee Co. HAER GA-23 (Page 4) Swift became familiar with Columbus during the ante-bellum period through John J. Grant of the Coweta Falls mill, who served as factory agent for one of Swift's mills. Swift's firsthand experience of the importance of transportation facilities to manufacturing success drew him to Columbus after the Civil War. He was attracted by the combina- tion of water power and river transportation available at Columbus (the city was at the foot of the Falls of the Chattah.ooch.ee and at the head of river navigation).

Swift went into business with his Columbus sell- ing agent, and by Grant's Factory was under reconstruction at the Coweta Falls site. The new mill was to be larger and greatly improved over the ante-bellum establishment. The people of Columbus impatiently awaited the opening of the mill in anticipation of the great numbers who would be employed (many were left jobless after the mills burned in By December three of the four stories for the new mill were completed. In May the building was ready to receive machinery (MUS photo 2), and late that year Swift installed spindles and 60 looms to produce sheetings, shirtings, and osnaburgs. A Leffel turbine of unknown capacity provided power to the mill. In order to acquire the necessary additional capital, Swift and his son, George P.

Swift, along with S. G. Murphy and John J. Grant, incorporated the Muscogee Manufacturing Company. George P. Swift was president. Production capacity was systematically increased, and vari- ous smaller additions were added to the mill. In Mill #2 was completed just north of Mill #1. The latter building is distinguishable by its original bell tower; the keystones in the east elevation of the former bear letters spelling the name of the company (MUS photos 3, 4a & 4b, 5; Columbus Drawing Mill #1 housed carding, weaving, spinning, and spooling; Mill #2 was devoted to carding and weaving. The general pro- duction expansion associated with the new construction included increas- ing the number of spindles to approximately In the company completed a third mill building.

Mill #3 stands diagonally across the Street and Front Avenue intersection from the two original buildings (MUS photos 6 and 7). Mill #3 was therefore isolated from the river, located too far away to receive power from the other mills. The company installed a steam engine to power Mill #3. In even before all equipment in Mill i(3 was installed, the company produced yards of cloth, including cottonades, checks, stripes, and plaids, plus cotton rope, which enjoyed markets throughout the South, and as far west as St. Louis. By Mill #3 was fully equipped, and the company operated spindles and 450 looms, producing primarily shirting and sheeting.

The sprawling expansion of the Muscogee Manufacturing Company con- tinued rapidly after the turn of the century (see.Columbus Drawing 7, Muscogee Site Plan, to follow discussion of new mill construction). In Muscogee Co. HAER GA-23 (Page 5) a fourth mill was completed, doubling the number of spindles. Although built along the river bank, the new mill was above the dam and raceways of the mill complex (MUS photo 9) and, like, all later addi- tions, required an alternative source of power.(see section At this time, Muscogee began to concentrate on the production of towels, ticking, cottonades, lap/robes, bedspreads, and yarns.

Jacquard looms were installed in Mill A to weave intricate multicolored (Jacquard) patterns (.MUS photo In completion of Mill #5, set behind Mill #3 (MUS photos 11, brought another revision in the company's production policy; this time the product line was restricted to woven ticking and turkish toweling. Construction of Mill #6 in (MUS photo 13) brought the total number of spindles to and looms to By the late the Muscogee Manufacturing Company had become a major producer of towels, ticking, and heavy fabrics, with markets throughout America and in several foreign countries.

Although the next major construction was not until the company's expansion con- tinued in subtler ways, as additions and annexes sprouted beside the existing mills, surrounding and incorporating buildings which once had no affiliation with the mill. In the the expanding mill complex engulfed the Mott House, a plantation house used as corporate offices since at least (MUS photo 14, Columbus Drawing 7). Built in the I840fs, this planter's home faced the Chattahoochee River at the northern end of Front Avenue. In the mansard roof was added (MUS photo Colonel Randolph Mott purchased the house in for Throughout the Civil War, Mott, a staunch Unionist, flew the American flag over his home. When General Wilson captured Columbus, he was invited to use the house as his headquarters.

The Mott House, still visible as a unit from the Alabama shore (MUS photo 1), is the last of the great mid-19th-century plantation houses that fronted the Chattahoochee. The Carnegie Public Library building (MUS photo 16) became a part of the mill complex in The completion of Mill //7 during that year, just north of Mill #6, brought the Muscogee Manufacturing Company to the library's back door (Columbus Drawing 7, MUS photo Muscogee acquired the building and incorporated it as a machine shop. Completion of Mill #7 increased the company's capacity to spindles and looms. The latter included plain looms, 164 Dobby looms, and 36 Jacquard looms. At this time the production pro- cesses were restricted to the five newer mills.

Management had begun phasing Mills #1 and #2 out of production in the because of their isolation from the rest of the mill complex. It was difficult to inte- grate them into a process flow with the other mills, and they were devoted to storage by Muscogee Co. HAER GA-23 (Page 6) # The production process after began in Mill #4, where bales of raw cotton were broken, opened, and picked on the first floor. The upper floors housed carding, drawing, and sluhbing operations. Bleach- ing was done in Mill the upper floors of this building were devoted to ring spinning. Mill #5 housed spooling, warping, and tying-in operations. Mill #6 had warpers, slashers, twisting, and winding on the top floor, while lower floors housed the looms. Dyeing took place in Mill #7.

Production flowed systematically from Mill i/4 to Mill #7 (see Columbus Drawing 7, Muscogee Site Plan). Throughout these years of expansion, the Muscogee Manufacturing Company remained a Swift family concern. In Fieldcrest Mills Inc. of Eden, North Carolina, acquired the mill complex. Fieldcrest discontinued the making of ticking and converted the mill entirely to towel production. By Fieldcrest had expanded production capabili- ties to spindles and 734 looms and today claims that the Columbus mill is one of the largest towel mills in the world. It is the largest mill operated by Fieldcrest and is the only mill in Columbus to take raw cotton and fashion a finished product; all the others send cloth to manufacturers who produce consumer goods.

Towels from the former Muscogee Mill are transported to a cutting, sewing, and warehousing operation in Phenix City. From here towels are distributed for whole- sale and retail markets around the world. ^' Power Production The 19th-century water power facilities of the Muscogee Manufactur- ing Company provided hydromechanical power via belts and shafting to the machinery of Mills //I and #2. The wheelhouse adjacent to Mill #1, which remains standing but is unused today, juts out into the river flow. Water passed through the head gates in the northern wall (MUS photo 18) to the turbines.

The tailrace ran past the Eagle and Phenix mills, and served as tailrace for the turbines of those mills as well (see Water Power Development at the Falls of the Chattahoochee and Eagle and Phenix Mills, HAER, . In Muscogee's water power acquired a far greater significance for Columbus. In that year William A. Swift, son of George P. Swift and director of the recently organized Brush Electric Light and Power Com- pany of Columbus, installed a 20-arc-light Brush dynamo in the wheelhouse of Mill #1.

This was the first electric dynamo installed at Columbus for commercial use (Eagle and Phenix had installed*an arc-light dynamo in for its own mills: see aAER report, Eagle and Phenix Mills, The turbine-driven dynamo provided light to a few downtown merchants after the Muscogee mills closed for the night. During the first nights of its.operation, hundreds of curious citizens crowded Broadway to inspect the phenomenon. Soon thereafter the Brush Company installed a 60-arc-light Brush Muscogee Co. HAER GA-23 (Page 7) dynamo to provide street lighting for Columbus.' By demand for electricity had so expanded that the Brush. Electric Light and Power Company moved-its operations, to another-sita (see.

Power Station of the Columbus Railroad Company at the City Mills Dam, HAER, From until Muscogee Manufacturing received.electricity for light and pow/er from the hydroelectric plant of the Columbus Railroad Company. . The Muscogee Company remodeled its wheelhouse in to increase the capacity of the turbines beneath. The head gates were enlarged and more water was diverted from the stream into the tailraca. This action sparked a serious controversy with Muscogee's influential neighbor. Muscogee Manufacturing owned only water lot #1. Eagle and-Phenix owned the next 18 downstream (the 18 lots below Eagle and Phenix, set aside by the city as water lots, were never industrially developed).

Eagle and Phenix brought suit against the Muscogee Manufacturing Company, claiming that the latter was using more than its share of the water power made available by the Eagle and Phenix dam, that Muscogee was allowed only of the available water power. Muscogee claimed that because Eagle and Phenix had devoted only 11 of its 18 lots to develop- ment of water power, building warehouses and other outbuildings on the remainder with no relation to the river, Muscogee was entitled to of the available water power.. The court refused to support Eagle and Phenix's claim. The case was long and drawn out. In an out of court agreement was finally reached between the two water lot owners.

Muscogee closed down its wheelhouse (except for the fire pumps feeding its Hill Automatic Sprinkler system; see MUS photo in return, Eagle and Phenix sup- plied power to Muscogee in amounts up to 500 horsepower per day. This power was transmitted electrically from the Eagle and Phenix upper power house to motors in Mills #1 and #2 which drove the shafting. Use of electric power was not new at Muscogee in Mill #4, completed in was designed to run completely on electric power, transmitted from the North Highlands dam of the Columbus Power Company. From Muscogee received power from both the Power Company's and the Eagle and Phenix's generators.

Muscogee continues to use cen- trally generated power today; not since the agreement with Eagle and Phenix has the company produced power for its own use. III. Conclusion The persistence of all mill buildings constructed at the site since effectively illustrates both the growth of Muscogee and the differ- ent power schemes applied by the company. The period between and was one of changing technologies and attitudes, which, transformed the application of power to industrial machinery.- The Muscogee Manu- facturing Company, gradually expanding and building throughout these Muscogee Co. HAER GA-23 (Page 8) years, reflected the nature and chronology of technical innovation. In Mills #1 and #2 were powered hydromechanically; Mill #3 isolated from the river, was powered by.

steam, hut power still had to be. mechanically transmitted by belts, and shafting running throughout the mill. Mill #4 built above the head of the falls which powered Mills #1 and #2, was the first of the Muscogee complex powered by electricity. From the start of its operation, electric motors turned the mill's shafting. The same system, which simply replaced the water wheel with motors, was applied to Mills #5 and #6 Mills //I and #2 were converted from hydromechanical power to motor-driven shafting following the agreement with Eagle and Phenix, and they remained on this system until phased out of production in the and Throughout this period the superiority of individual motor drive over group drive was becoming recognized.

Muscogee began convert- ing its entire plant from group to individual drive in the Mill #7, completed in was built to run with individual motor drive. The operating life of the Muscogee Manufacturing Company has therefore spanned several major systems of industrial power utilization, from mechanical transmission of water and steam power to individual electric drive supplied by central station power companies. The mass of industrial buildings which constitute the Muscogee com- plex is in itself an impressive testimony to the growth of the company. The survival of so many structures, representing an intact chronology of over a century of company development, is quite unusual.

The complex provides a unique visual history of the site as its occupants responded to demands for expansion and change. Muscogee Co. HAER GA-23 (Page 9) Footnotes 1. The Columbus Factory, which was the first textile mill in Muscogee County, was completed in This was located at the Clapp's Factory site, where Oliver Dam now stands; technically it was three miles north of the city, so the Coweta Falls Factory was the first mill in Columbus.- .See. John H. Martin, compiler, Columbus, Georgia, from Its Selection as a Trading Town in to its Partial Destruc- tion by Wilson's Raid in (Columbus, Vol. I, p. 96, Vol. II, p. 36. 2. Eagle and Phenix vs.

Muscogee Manufacturing Company, Muscogee County Superior Court, Records of Writ (The case was argued and appealed for 10 years; check volume indexes for appropriate pages each year.) The case summarizes early water power development in Columgus. 3. Columbus Times, quoted in Savannah Republican, 27 January cited in Richard Warden Griffin and Harold S. Wilson, The Antebellum Tex- tile Industry of Georgia (unpublished manuscript), in possession of authors. 4. Martin, Columbus, Vol. I, pp. George White, Statistics of the State of Georgia (Savannah, p. Eagle and Phenix vs. Muscogee^ Manufacturing Company, Muscogee County Superior Court, Records of Writ 5. Copy of Coweta Falls Deed, 1 April Farish Carter Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North.

Carolina at Chapel Hill UNC); Columbus Enquirer, quoted in Savannah Republican, 3 May cited in White, Statistics, gives 1/2 the stock as the amount purchased by Carter. 6. George White, quoted in Marjorie Young, ed., Textile Leaders of the South (Anderson, South Carolina, p. Other Columbus mills in included the Columbus Factory, capitalized at and the Howard Factory, capitalized at Figures which con- flict with, those given in the text appeared in Hunt's Merchants' Magazine (August p.

This journal lists Coweta Falls equipment as: spindles producing pounds of thread per day; 44 looms producing yards heavy osnaburgs per day; 24 cotton, 3 wool cards; the factory employed 115 120 boys and girls from 12 years old and up; wages for overseers were per month, for weavers $15 per month, for carders $8 per month, for spinners per month. Muscogee Co, HAER GA-23 (Page 10) 7. Letters, from Walter Terry Colquitt to Farish Carter, 31 January Dr. John Baird to Carter, 22 April Balrd to Carter, 25 August P. L. Barry Miller to Carter, 27 June Farish Carter Papers, UNC. 8. White, Statistics, II, p. 27. Baird to Carter, 20 June Baird to Carter, -21 April Farish Carter Papers,SEC, UNC. Griffin, Antebellum-Textile manuscript, p. Eagle and Phenix vs.

Muscogee Manufacturing Company, Muscogee County Superior Court, Records of Writ Owners in before the sale, included Paul J. Simms, Major John-R. Howard, Josephus EchoIs, John Fontaine, Henry D. Meigs, Charles D. Steward, Col. Farish Carter, and Dr. John Baird. 9. Etta Blanchard Worsley, Columbus oh the Chattahoochee (Columbus, Georgia, p. Columbus Sun, 27 July Diffee William Standard, Columbus^'Georgia, in the Confederacy, the Social and Industrial Life of the Chattahoochee River Port (New York, pp. Columbus Enquirer-Sun, 4 September 10. Biographical information on George Parker Swift from Edward W. Swift, "Swift Family Facts," unpublished manuscript, 17 March G. P. Swift's original mill in Georgia was a joint venture with his sister, William J.

Waynman; the village established by the Swifts sur- rounding the mill became known as Waynmansville. 11. "Swift Family Facts" manuscript; Columbus Sun, 6 July 27 July 11 December 12. Columbus Sun, 11 December 9 March Columbus Daily Enquirer, 17 May Columbus Sunday Ledger-Enquirer, 16 May p. 23. The town was quite enthusiastic about the new mill, hailing Swift as "one of the most wealthy, enterprising and far-seeing men in the state" (Sun, 6 July Local tradition has it that Swift built his mill on stone piers and that it was supported at only four points. Swift did have to fill in land on the river side of the structure in order to support that end.

It is also believed that the mill is built with a slight bending in the walls running length- wise (east-west): see Columbus Daily Enquirer, 17 May 3 November The authors were unable to find documentation in support of these contentions. 13. Charter, Muscogee Manufacturing Company, 19 March Columbus Daily Enquirer, 9 March Officers in were George P. Swift, president, William A. Swift, secretary/treasurer; directors . were George P. Swift,- George P. Swift, J. Rhodes Browne, H. H. Epping, S. G. Murphy, William A. Swift, William H. Woods, Charles Edward Dexter, John T. Grant, Calvin Johnson. . Original capitali- zation was Capital was increased to in to Muscogee Co. HAER GA-23 (Page 11) increase'capacity to 4,OGQ. spindles: see Columbus Sun, 9 March 14. 1880-Manuscript, U.S.

Census of Manufactures, State-of Georgia, Georgia State Archives, Atlanta; Young., ed., Textile Leaders, p. 15. The Industries-of Co umbusy Georgia, Her_Advantages as a Business Center^ Manufacturing Locality, and Healthful Habitation, booster pamphlet,- Columbus,- Georgia,-1887 CWilliam Gilbert, printer); Young, ed. , Textile Leaders of the South., p, Interesting artifacts of this -period remaining in mill #3 are sections of riveted sheet iron pipe, hung from the ceiling on all floors (see MIS photo 8), installed around Riveted pipe of this sort was used in refrigeration systems to carry the refrigerant.

The Columbus Iron Works, five blocks south of Muscogee at Ninth and Front, produced a popular ice machine during this period (see Columbus Iron Works, HAER report, The presence of the pipe at Muscogee suggests that the Iron Works not only incorporated such pipe into these machines, but also sold it to at least one local mill, probably to carry steam: this information from tour of mill and untaped inter- view with plant superintendent Ivey Adams, conducted by John S. Lupold, 22 June 19 77. 16. Young, ed., Textile Leaders of the South, p. 17. Columbus Sunday Ledger-Enquirer, 16 May p. 23. 18.

Article on Mott House in the Mill Whistle, Muscogee Manufacturing Company newsletter, 7 November Muscogee office files, Columbus, Georgia; see also Mott House, National Register of Historic Places Nomination, prepared by Elizabeth MacGregor, Office of Historic Preservation, State Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta, Georgia. 19. Examination of Mill #7, tour and untaped interview with Ivey Adams. 20. Taped interview with Edward Swift, conducted by John S. Lupold, 15 August tape at Columbus College Archives, Columbus, Georgia; Insurance Map of Muscogee Manufacturing Company, 27 October revised 22 March Associated Factory Mutual, Norwood, Massachusetts. Dobhy and Jacquard looms both weave patterned cloth; the Dobby is limited to smaller, simpler patterns. 21.

Insurance Map, Muscogee Manufacturing Company, 27 October revised 22 March Associated Factory Mutual, Norwood, Massachusetts. 22. Woraley, Columbus on the Chattahoochee," p. George P. Swift was the first president of Muscogee Manufacturing until his death in 189 7 and was succeeded by his son, Edward W. Swift Cwho the year before had succeeded his brother, William A. Swift, as secretary/ treasurer). In Edward W. Swift became chairman of the Board of Muscogee Co. HAER GA-23 (Page 12) # Directors.^ his .nephew,. George P. Swift III, formerly vice-president, became president, and William D. Swift then filled the post of vice president. 23. Columbus Ledger-Enquirer Advertising Supplement, 6 January p. 54.

Fieldcrest also acquired the Swift Spinning Hills, another Swift family company at Columhus3 in 24. Examination of power house. For further details and documentation on hydropower development at the site, see Water Power Development at the Falls of the Chattahoochee and Eagle and Phenix Hills reports, HAER, 25. W. F. Borleau, "The Electrical Equipment of a Southern City," Electrical World 30 C4 September Columbus Sunday Ledger-Enquirer, 16 Hay p. 23. 26. Borleau, "The Electrical Equipment...";* letter from E. S. Reynolds, Columbus Railroad Company, to George J. Baldwin, Baldwin Papers (Columbus files), UNC. The Brush Company installed some of its generating equipment at the new hydroelectric station of the Columbus Railroad Company in 189 7. 27. Eagle and Phenix Hills vs.

Huscogee Hanufacturing Company, Muscogee County Superior Court, Records of Writ, 28. Sanborn Insurance Map of Columbus (Muscogee Manufacturing Co. sheet), Engineering files Eagle and Phenix Records, Columbus, Georgia. Frequently Eagle and Phenix would pay the Columbus Power Company to supply the 500 horsepower to Muscogee rather than supply it directly. 29. Data on the various mills in this and in the two following paragraphs from Sanborn Insurance Haps of Columbus, also Edward Swift interview. 30. Consulting the index of Electrical World for these years reveals an increasing number of articles dealing with application of electricity to industrial machinery, particularly the advantages of individual motor drive. Muscogee Co.

HAER GA-23 (Page 13) Bibliography' The historians were unable to uncover manuscripts or printed sources dealing primarily with the Muscogee Manufacturing Company. The following printed sources" offer limited information on the. company and the site. Manuscript and Primary Sources Eagle and Phenix vs. Muscogee Manufacturing Company, Muscogee County Superior Court, Records of Writ (consult volume indices for each year for appropriate pages). This suit, concerning water power rights at the Eagle and Phenix dam, deals with the early history of the Columbus water lots, and later relations between the two companies. Parish Carter Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Letters from the deal with the ante-bellum Coweta Falls Factory at the site of the present-day Muscogee mills. Sanborn Insurance Maps of Columbus, give information on machinery, numbers employed, etc., and indicate chronological additions and changes. Swift, Edward W., "Swift Family Facts," unpublished manuscript dated 17 March gives information on events in the lives of Swift family members, in possession of Swift family, Columbus, Georgia. Interviews Edward Swift, conducted by John S. Lupold, 15 August tape at Columbus College Archives, Columbus, Georgia. Swift gives family information and discusses changes at the mills Ivey Adams, plant superintendent at Muscogee mills, tour and untaped interview, conducted by John S. Lupold, 22 June Printed Sources Borleau, -W.

F., "The Electrical Equipment of a Southern City," Electrical World 30 (4 September pp. This article discusses the installations of the Brush Electric Light and Power Company at Muscogee's Mill #1 wheelhouse in