Portage County, Ohio - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 2 of those read), 1885 (part 4 of 6)

Cayahoga Coonly was formed Jone 7, 1807, from Geauga. Near the lake, the soil is sandy, while a clayey loam may be found elsewhere. The valleya near the streams produce wheat, barley and hay. Fruit is snooessftdly grown, and cheese, batter, beef and wool are laigely exported. Bog iron is found in the western part, utid fine grimlstone quarries are in operation. The sandstone fit>m these ((uarnes is now an important article of commerce. As early as 1775, there w n^ a French settlement within the boundaries of Cuyahoga. In 1786, a Moravian missionai*y came to the pre.^ent site of Cleveland, and settled in an abandoned village of the Ottawas. Circumstances prevented &

The first permanent settlement was made at Cleveland in 1796. Mr. Job V. Stiles and family and Edward Paine pa.-jstd the first winter there, their log cabin standing where the Commercial Bank is now located. Rodolphus Edwards and Nathaniel Doane settled here. The town waa, in 18X3, a depot of suppliea and a rendezvous fi)r troops engaged in the war.

Cleveland, the county seat, is situated ut the northern teniiination of the Ohio Canal, on the lake shore. In 1814, it was incorporated as a village, and in 1836, as a city. Its eleratioii k abcmt - hundred feet above the like. It is a lovely city, and haa one of the best haihors on Lake Erie.

Crawfi»d (kmtj was formed April 1, 1820, firom the old Indian tenitoxy. ^e entile oonnty is adapted to gracing. The soil is g^enUy oomposed of rich vegetable loam, and in some parts the subsoil is clay mixed with lime. Rich beds of shell marl have been discovered. It prodnoes wheat, com, oats, cbTer, tamothy seed, irotA and cattle. Fine limestone qnanies are worked with success.

Bucyrus is the county seat, and was laid out February 11, 1822, by Samuel Norton and James Kilboum, original owners of the land. The first settler in the town proper was Samuel Norton. A gas well has been dug in Bucyrus, on the land of R. W. Musgrove, which hurns in a brilliant light when conducted to the surface by means of pipes. Crawford's Sulphur Springs are located nine mil^ from Bucyrus. The water is iini)r(_'irimted with sulphuretted hydrogen. It deposits a reddish-purple sediment. In its nature tlie water is a cathartic, and is diuretic and diaphoretic in its effects. A few rods away is a burning spring. The Annapolis Sulphur Spring is clear and has gained considetaUe ftme by its curative qualities. Opposite Bneyms is a dialybeate spring of tonic qualities.

Darke County was oigsniied in Much, 1817, from Miami Goonty. It is abundantly timbered with poplar, walnut, blue ash, hidcoiy, beech and sugar maple. It yiddi superior wheat, and is well adapted to granng. In diia coun^ occurred the lamentsble defeat of St. Clair, and the treaty of Green\'i]lek

Greenville is the county scat, and was laid out August 10, 1808, by Robert Oray and John Dover. In December, 1793, Wayne buUt Fort QreenviUe on this spot, which covered about the same extent as the present town.

Delaware is the county seat, and wa.s laid out in the si)ring of 1808, by Moses Byzbe. The Delaware Spring in the village is of the white sulphur or

Defiance County was inaugurated March 4, 1845, from Williams, Henry and Paulding. The Maumee, Tiffin and Auglaize iiow tiirough it. Tho Black Swamp covers much of its area.

Defiance, the county seat, is situated on the Maumee. It wa^ laid out in 1822, by B. Level and H. Phillips. A large Indian settlement occupied its gite in very early times. Wayne arrived here August 8, 1 794, captured the place, finding about one thousuuii acres of curii, peach and apple orchards, and y^tables of all varieties. Here he built Fort Defiance.

Erie Coonty wis fimned in 1888, from Huron and Sandusky. The soil is allimal, and yields large crops of wheat, ootn, oats and potatoes. It possesses inexhanstable i{aanies of limestone and fireestone. Immense quantities of bog iron are also foond. The Biie tribe is said to have onee oecnpied the land, and were extirpated by die Iroquois. As early as 1754, the French had built settlements In 1764, the oonn^ nas besieged. Pontiao came here with wsrlike demonstrations, but made peace widi the whites. Erie was included in the **fire lands" of the Western Beserve.

Sandusky City is the county seat, and was laid out in 1817, then termed Portland. At that time it contained two log huts. The town is finely situated, and is based upon an inexhaustible quarry of the finest limestone. In the "patriot war" with the Canadians, this ci^ was the rendesrous for the "patriots."

Franklin County was formed April 30, 1803, from Ross. It contains much low wet laud, and is better adapted to grazing than agricultural purposes. It was in early times occupied by the Wyandot Indians. Its first white settlement v.a5 made in 1797, by Robert Armstrong and others. Franklinton was laid out in 1797, by Lucas Sullivan. Worthington was settled by the Scioto Company in 1801. Col. Kilboum, who was interested in the work, eonstraded the first nuqp of Ohio during his explorations, by uniting seotional dngrams.

Columbus, the capital of the State of Ohio^ is also the county seat of FiRsnklin Counly. After the organisation of a State goremment, the capital was "portsUe" untQ 1816. In 1810, the sessions were held at Chillioothe, in 1811 and 1812 at Zanesrille, removing again to Chillicoihe, and, in 1816, bang located at Columbus. The town was laid out during ^e spring cS 1812. A penitentiary was erected in 1813, and the State House was built in 1814. V It was incorporated as the borough of Columbus," February 10, 1816. The city charter was granted March 3, 1834.

It is beautifully located on the east bank of the Scioto. The Columbus Institute is a classical institution. A female and a theological seminary also add to its educatiomil advantages. The Ohio Lunatic Asylum is also located here - also the Ohio lusUtation for the Education of the Blind. East of the

The soil is varied, licing in some parts exceedingly rich, and in others very sterile. It produces phucipaUj wheat, com, r;ye, oats, buckwheat, barley,, potatoes and tobacco.

Lancaster is the county seat, laid out by Ebenezer Zane in 1800. lu ITi'T, he opened ilie road known as "Zane's Trace," from Wheeling to Limestone - now Maysville. It passed through Lancaster, at a fording about three hundred yards bdow the present turnpike bridge. Near tJie turn stands an imposing eminanoe called " Standing Stone." Parties of pleasure firequoitly ymt this spot.

Fayette County was fonned from Boss and Hi^iland in 1810. Wheat, com, cattk, hogs, sheep and wool comprise its main productions. " The bar^ rens*' are sitoated in ihe northeastern part. This tract is coverod by a growtli of grass.

Col. Stewart was active in the inttfCStS of this section, and his mcmoiy is* sacredly revere<l. Jesse Milliken was prominent in public affairs.

Fulton County, bordering on Michiiran, was organized in 1850. It isdrainod liy Bean Creek and other small affluents of the Maumee River, Th©- surface is nearly level, and a large part of it is covered with forests of a«ih, beech, elm. Im kory, white oak, black walnut, etc., furnishing excellent timber. The soil is tertile. Wheat, coru, oats and hay are the staple products. Wauseon is tlie county seat.

Guernsey County was organized in March, 1810. Wool is a staple product, together with beef, horses and swiue. It produces wheat, corn and oats.

Cambridge is the county seat and was laid out in June, 1806. Mr. Graham was the first settler on tihe site of the town, and his was the only dwelling between Lancaster and Wheeling.

Greene Conn^ was formed May 1, 1808, firom Hamilton and Ross. It produces wheat, com, rye^ grass^eed, oats, barl^, sheep and swine. The streams fomish good water>power. There are five limestone qnatries, and amarble quarry of variegated colors. The Shawnee town was on the Little Miami, and was visited by Capt. Thomas Bullit in 1773. When Daniel Boone was captured in 1778, he was brought to this town, and esca]jed the following year. Gen. Clarke invaded this county and the Indians reduce<l the town to ashes.

Xenia, the county peat, was laid off in tlie forest in 1803, by Jaseph C. Vance. The first cabin was erected in April, 1^04, by J(»hn Marshall. The Rev. James Fowler built the first liewed-log CJibin. David A. Sanders built the first frame house. Nine miles north of the town, on the Little Mimni Biver, are the Yellow Springs, which are impregnated with sulphur.

Geauga Connly was fimnad in 1806 firom TrombulL IteiqHirto sheep, «atide, butter and cheese. It is situated at the head of Chargrine, Cayahoga and a part of Grand Biven, on high ground, and is subjected to snowstonns more frequently than any other part of the Reserve. Its first settlement was made in 1798, at Burton. Chardon is fourteen miles, from Lake £he» and is 600 &et above it. Tr was laid out as the county seat in 1808.

Gallia County was fonued April 80, 1803. from Washington. Its principal crops are wheat, com, oats and beans. The surface is generally broken. Its first settlement vcas made in 17U1. by a French colony, at Gallipolis. This colony Ava.s sent out under the auspices of the Scioto Company. This town is now the county seat.

Hamilton County was the second established in the Northwestern Territory by proclamation of Got. St. Clair, January 2, 1790- Its surfietce is genmUy rolling. It prodnoes the ordinaiy &rm prodnets, and a great variety 4^ froits and vegetablea finr the Gindnnati market. Vineyards thrive wHhin its limits, and the maniifiMStare of wine is earned on to a considerable estent.

This oonnty was the second settled in Ohio^ and the first within the Symmes pfnrchase. Settle arrived at the spot now occapied by Oincinnati, and three or four log cabins were erected. Gien. Arthur St. Clair arrived here in January, 1790. The army of Wayne encamped here later, at Fort Washington. Mr. Maxwell established in 1793 the Sentinel of the Northwestern Territory^ the first newspaper printed north of the Ohio River. In 1796, Edward Freeman bwame its proprietor, and changod tlic name to Freeman's Journal. January 11, 1794, two keel-boats sailed frorn Cincinnati to Pittsburgh, making regular trips every four weeks. In 1801, the first sea vessel built at Marietta came down the Ohio.

Cincinnati, the county seat, was incorporate<l January 2, 1802. It was chartered as a city in 1819. The city is beautifully laid out and delightfully situated. Its public buildings are elegant and substantial, including the court boose and many literary and diaiitable institutions.

The GinciiuiAti College was founded in 1819. It stands in the center of the ci^. It is built in Ghreoian-Doric style, with pilaster fronts and &cade of Dayton marble. Woodward College is also popular.

The Catholics have &nnded the St Xavier*s College. Lane Seminaiy, a tiheological institution, is at Walnut Hills, two miles firam the center of the city. It has over 10,000 volumes in its libraries. No charge is made fi>r tuition. , Booms are provided and funnelled at $5 per year, and board ranges from 62| cents to 90 cents a week. The Cincinnati Law School is connected with Cincinnati College. The Mechanics' Institute was chartered in 1828, and is in all respects well supplied with apparatus. A college for teachers was established in 1831, its object being to perfect those contemplating entering that profession in their studies and system.

The OmdniiAti Orphan Asylum is an elcigMit hoilding, and has a library and veil-organised school attached. Hie Calholios of the dty have one male and female orphan asylum. The Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio was incorporated in 1821.

Oindmiati is a laige manii&ctaring dty, and possesses fine -water-power fiMalities. It communicates with the world by means of its canal, river, tonpikes, and railways. North Bend is another prorninent town in this county, having been the residence of Gen. William H. Uarrison, and the site of his burial place. The town was of considerable importance in the early settlement of the State. About thirly yards from Harrison's tomb is the grave of Judge Symmes.

Hancock County foniiod April 1, 1820. It produces wheat, oats, corn, pork and maple sugar. The surface is level and its soil is fertile. Blanchard's Fork waters the central and southern part of tiie county. Findlay, tlie county seat, was laid out by ex-Gov. .Joseph Vance and Elnathan Corry, in 1821. It was relaid in 1829. William Vance settled there in the fall of 1821. At the south end of the town, are two gas wells. In the eastern part, is a mineral spring, and west of the bridge, is a chalybeate spring.

Hardin County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian Territory. It produces, principally, wheat, com and swine. A portion of the snrftoe is level, and the remainder undulating. Fort McArthur was built on the Sdoto River, but proved a weak stockade. Kenton is the eoun^ seat, situated on the Sdoto Riveft

Harristm Conn^ was formed from Jeffenon and Tuscarawas January 1, 1814. The sur&oe is hilly, abounding in coal and limestone. Its soil is dayey.

It is one of the important wool-growing counties in Ohio. It produces large quantities of wheat, com, oats and hay, besides a considerable number of horses,

In April, 1799, Alexander Henderson and family settled in this county, and at the same time, Daniel Peterson and his funily resided at the forks of Short >y Creek. The early settlers were much annoyed by Indians and wild beasts. Cadiz is the county seat, and wafi laid out in 1808 and 1804, by Messrs. Brigg^ and Beatty.

Ilcnry County was formed from the old Imlian Territory, April 1, 1820. Indian corn, oats, potatoes, and maple sugar constitute the main products. Tlie county is well supplied with running streams, and the soil is unusually rich.

The greater portion of this coun^ is covered by the "Black Swamp.'* Throughout this swamp are ridges limestone, covered with blade walnut, red elm, butternut and maple. The soil is superior fbr grain. Fkuit thrives and all varieties of vegetables are produced in large quantities. Simon CKrty, notorious for his widced career, redded in this county. Qirtj led the attack on - Fort Henry, in September, 1777. He demanded the surrender of the fort, and menaced its inmates witii an Indian massacre, in case of refbsaL The

Highland County was formed in May, 1805, from Ross, Adams and Clermont. It is a wealthy, productive county. Its wheat commands a high market price. The crops consist of wheat, corn, oats, maple sugar, wool, swine and cattle. Its first settlement began in 1801, at New Market, by Oliver Ross, Robert Keeston, George W. Barrere, Bernard Weyer and others. Simon Kenton made a trace through this county in early times. Hillsboro is the ooimty seat, and irm laid out in 1807, by David Hays, on the land of Beiyftmm Ellioott It is sitoatod on the dividing ridge, between the Miami and Scioto. The HiUsboro Aoademy was foanded in 1827.

Hocking Owntj was Ibfmed Ifaich 1, 1818, firom Ross, Athens and Fairfield. Its prindpal prodoets are com, mhmA, tobacco and vutpUt sngar. Its sorftee is broken and hilly, but is level and ftrtfle beside the streams.

The Wyandots once oceapied this traet^ and bnilt a large town herein. In 1798, a few white families ventured to settle. Logan is its coonty seat, and is situated on the Hocking River.

Holmes County was formed from Coshocton, Tuscarawas and Wayne^ January 20, 1824. It produces wheat, com, oats, potatoes, maple sugar, swine, sheep and cattle. The southwestern portion is broken. Thomas Butler was the first settler, in 1810. Millersburg is the ooonty seat, ^d was laid out in 1830.

Huron County was organized in 1815. It produces hay, wheat, com, oats, barley, buckwheat, flaxseed, potatoes, butter, cheese, wool and swine. Norw^alk is the county seat,

Jackson County was organized March, 1816. The country is rich in minerals and aboonds in ooal and iron ore. The exports are cattle, wool, swine, lioneB, lunber, miOstones, tobacco and iron. Jackson, the . coimty seat, was laid cut in 1817. The dd Scioto salt-woiin were among the first woiked in I Ohio by the whites. Prior to this period, tiie Indians csme some distsnce to | this section to make salt When Daniel Boone was a prisoner, he spent some / time at these works.

Jeffenon Cmtj was prodanaed bj Gov. St. Glair Jnly 2d, 1797, and ms the fifth coimty established in OUo. It is one of the most important manu&cturing coonties in the State. Its resources in ooal are also extended* The surface is hillj and the soil fertile, producing wheat, com and oate. The old "Mingo" town was on the present fiurms of Jeremiah Hallock and Mr- Daniel Potter. The troops of Col. Williamson rendezvoused at this point, | when they pct out in their cruel Moravian campaign, and also the troops of i Col. Crawford, when they started on the campaign against the Sandusky Indians. Here Logan, the powerful and manly chief of the Mingo nation, once resided. He took no active part in the old French war, which closed in j

/ 1760, except that of a peacemaker. He was a stanch friend of the whites until the abominable and unprovoked niurder of his father, brother and sist^, which occurred in 1774, near the Yellow Creek. He then raised the battle

However, Logan was remarkably inan^naniraous toward prisoners v,-ho it'll into his hands. The jrear 1793 was the last spent in Indian war£Eure in Jefiereon County.

Fort Steuben \yas erected on the present site of Steubenville, the county seat, in 1789. It was constructed of block-houses, with palisade fences, and was chsraantle<l during Wayne's campaign. Bezaleel Wells and lion. Jaints Ross laid the town out in 1708. It was incorporated February 14, 1805. It is situated upon an elevated plain. In 1814, Messrs. Wells and Dickerson bnilt a woolen manniactory, and introduced merino sheep to the cmmtj,

Enoz County wss formed March 1, 1808^ from Fairfield. It is drained by the Vernon River. It prodnces wheat, com, oats, tobaooo, maple sugar, potatoes and wo<d. Monnt Vernon was laid out in 1805. The early settlers found two wells on the Vernon BiTer, buflt of hammered stone, nealily laid, and near by was a salt-liek. Their direct origin remains a mystery. Gilman Bryant, in 1807, oponol the first store in Mount Vernon. The court house was built in 1810. Tlie Indians came to Mount Vernon in large numbers for the^urpose of trading in furs and cranberries. Each Saturday, the settlers worked on the streets, extracting stumps and improving the highway. The first settler north of the place was N. M. Young, who built his cabin in 1803. Mount Vernon is now the county seat, beautifully situated on Vernon liiver. Kenyon College is located at Garabier. It is richly endowed with 8,000 acres, and is valued at §100,000. This institution was established under the auspices of Bishop Chase, in July, 1820, in the center of a -l.OOO-acre tract belonging to Kenyon College. It Wius chartered as a theological seminary.

Lucas County is of comparatively recent origin. A large portion is covered by the "Black Swamp." It produces com, wheat, potatoes and oats. This county is situated in the Maumee Valley, which was Ihe great arena of historieal erentB. The frightful battle of Wayne's campaign, where the Indians found the British to be traitors, was fought near Fort Miami, in tiiis county. Maumee City, onoethe county seat, was laid out in 1817, as Maumee, by Maj. Wm. Oliver and others. It is situated on the Maumee, at the head of navigation. The sarfooe is 100 feet above the water leveL This town, with Perrysburg, its neighbor, i.<? exceedingly picturesque, and was in early times frequented by the Indians. The French had a ti-adintr station at this j)oint, in IH'^O, and in 1704. the British Fort - Miami - was built. Toledo is on the loft bank of the Maumee, and covers the site of a stockade fort, known as Fort Industry, erected in 1800. An Indian treaty was held here July 4, 1805, hy which the Inilians relinquished all riiclits to the " fire lands." In 18.32, Capt. Sanuiel Alien gave an impetus to the place, and Maj. Stickney also became interested in its advancement.

Speculation in ioLs began in 18ii»4. The Wabash ^k, Erie Canal interest arose in 1836. Mr. Biason and Edward Biasel added their energies to assist the growth of the town. It was laoovpomted as a city in 1886. It was die center of the nilitary operatioiu in the ^ Ohio and Michigan war,*' known as the bonndaij

The Ordinanoe of 1787 pfddded for the diviaion of the Northwestern Teriitoiy into three or five States. The three aonthem were to be divided firom the two northern 1^ a line drawn east and west thioog^ the sonthem point of Lake Michigan, extending eastward to the Territorial lino in Lake Erie. The constitntion of Ohio adds a provision that if the line should not go so far north as the north cape of Maumee Bay, then the northern boundary of Ohio should be a line drawn from the southerly part of Lake Miohi^ui to the north cape of the Manmee Bay.

When Michigan became a Territory, the people living between the " Fulton '* and Harris " lines found it more to their wishes to be attached to Michigan. They occupied disputed ground, and were thus beyond the limit? of absolute law. In 1835, the subject was greatly agitated, and J. Q. Adams made a ^s urm speech before Congress against the Ohio claim. The Legislature of Ohio dis> cussed the matter, and an aet was passed to attach the dispnted section to Ohio, aocording to the constitational decree. An adave campaign opened between Michigan and Ohio. Got* Lucas csme ont with the Ohio troops, in die spring of 1885^ and Gov. Mason, of Michigan, fbJJowed the example. He marched into Toledo, robbed melon-patches and duGken-hooass, cnuihed in ihe front door of Maj. Sticknej's honse, and carried him away prisoner of war. Embassadors were sent from Washington to negotiate matters - Bichard Rush, of Pomsylvaniaand Col. Howard, of Maryland. At the next session of Congress, the matter was settled. Samuel Vinton argued Ibr Ohio, in the House, and Thomas Ewing in the Senate. Michigan recdved an equivalent of the large peninsula between Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior. Ohio received the disputed strip, averaging eight miles in width. Manhattan, Waterville and Providence are all flourishing towns.

Lorain County wa.s formed from Huron, Cuyahoga and Medina, on December 26, 1822. The soil is -zenerally fertile, and the surface level. Wheat, grass, oats, com, rye and potatoes constitute the principal crops. Bog-iron ore is found in large quantities. A curious relic has been found in this county, bearing the date of 1533. Elyria is the county seat, and was laid out in 1817. The first setHer was Mr. Heman Ely. Oberlin is situated about eight miles southwest of Elyria. The Oberlin Collegiate Institute has attained a wide csld>riiy.

Logan County was Ibriued March 1, 1817. The snr&ce is broken and hilly near the Mad River, but is generally leveL The soil is fertile, produeiDg wheat, com, rye, oats, clover, flax and timothy seed. The Shawnee Indians were located here, and built several villages on the Mad River. These towns were d<»troyed in 1786, by a body of Kentuekians, under Gen. Benjamin Logan. Tlie whites surprised the towns. However, they returned after the woA of destruction had been completed, and for many years frequented the section. On the site of Zanesfield was a Wyandot village. By the treaty of September. 29, 1817, the SeneoM aad Sfaawnees held » reservstioii anyand LewiBtown. April 6^ 1882, they vacatod this nfjitt and removed west Isaac Za&e was horn about the year 1758, and vas, while a boy, captured and after- -ward adopted by the Wyandots. Attaining the age of manhood, he had no desire to retam to his people. He manned a Wyandot ivoman, who was half French. After the treaty of Greenville^ he boii|^ 1,800 acres on the site of Zanesville^ where he lived until the year 1816^ when he died, lamented by all his friends.

Logan County was settled about the year 1806. During the war of 1812, it was a rendezvous for friendly Indians. Bellefontaine, the county seat, waslaid out March 18, 1820, on land owned by John Tulles and William Powell. Joseph Gordon built a cabin, and Anthony Ballard erected the first frame dwelling.

Gen. Simon Kenton is buried at the head of Mad River, five miles from Bellefontaine. lie died April 29, 1836, aged eighty-one years and twenty-six days. This remarkable man came West, to Kentucky, in 1771. Tie probably encountered more thrilling escapes than any other man of his time. In 1778, he was captured and suffered extreme cruelties, and was ransomed by the British. He soon recovered his robust health, and eseaped fimn Detrmt the ftDowing spring. He settled in Urbana in 1802. He was elected Brigadier General of the militia, and in the war of 1812, jcnned Genl Harrison's anny. In the year 1820, he removed to Biad River. Gen. Vance and Judge Burnet secured him a pension, of 9^0 per month

Li<^ing County wss formed firom Fairfield March 1, 1808. The surfiMC is generally level, diversified by sli^t hills in the eastern portion. The soil is fertile, producing wheat, com, oats and grass. Coal and iron ore of good quality add to the wealth of the county. Wool and dairy productions are also stales. Newark is the county seat, and is situated at the confluence of the three principal branches of the Licking. It was laid out by Gen. William 0. Schenk, George W. Burnet and John M. Cummings. who owned this military section of 4,000 acres, in 1801. In 1802, Samuel Elliott and Samuel Parr rebuilt hewed-log houses. The picturesque "Narrows of the Licking" are in ' the eastern part of the county, which have elicited general praise from scenic ^ hunters.

Lawrence County was organized March 1, 1816. There are many high and abrupt hills in this section, which abound in sand or freestone. It is rich in minerals, and the most important section of Ohio fer iron manafeetare.

The county was settled in 1797 by the Dutch and Irish. The iron region extends through the vest part of diis oonntjr* Lawreooe Goimty prodmwB « gnperior quality of iron, highly esteemed fiur oastings, uid is equal to Sootoh pig for ibniaoe purposes. Burlington is the eoimty aeat

Lake County was fomed from Geauga and Cttjahoga Maroh 6, 1840. The soil is good and the sm&oe rolling. It prodnoes wheat, oom, oats^ hnckwheat, bailey, hay and potatoes. Dairy prodvetSy cattle and wool are also staples. Its frnits - apples, peaches, pesis, pfainis and gmpes are highly prised. As eariy as 1799, a settlement was formed at Mentor. Painesville, the county oeat, is situated on Grand River, in a beautiful valley. The PainesviUe Academy is a clasijical iastitation for the education of both sexes. Near the town is the Geauga furnace. Painesville was laid oat by Henry Champion in 1805. At Fairport, the first warehouse in this section, and probably the first on the lake, was built by Abraham Skinn^^r in 1803. This town has a fine harbor, and has a light-house and beacon. Kirtland, southwest from Painesville, was, in 18.S4, the headquarters of the Mormons. At that time, they numbered about three thousand. The old Mormon temple is of rough stone, plastered over, colored blue, and marked to imitate regular courses of mavsonry. As is well known, the Mormons derive their name from the book of Mormon, said to have been translated from gold plates found in a hill in Palmyra, N. Y.

Madison County was organized in March, 1810. The sur&ce is generally lerd. It prodnoes grass, com, oats and cattle - the latter ftnning a ^ef staple, while wool and poik add to the general wealdi.

Jonathan Alder was nuidi interested in the setdement of the oonnly. He, like some other whites, had lived with the Indians many ycan^ and had fiirmed a lasting affeelxon fot them, and had married a eqnaw, with whom he became dissatisfied, which caused him to desire finding his own fiunily. He sue-, seeded in this throo^^ the assistance of John Moore. He left his wife and joined his peqple.

Thb county was first settled in 1795. Benjamin Springer made a clearing and bnilt a cabin. He settled near Alder, and taught him the English language. Mr. Joshua Ewing brought four sheep to this place, and the Indians exhibited great astonishment over these strange animals. When the hostilities of 1812 b^an, the British offered inducements to the Indians to join them, and they consulted Alder regarding the best policy to adopt. He advised them to preserve neutrality until a later period, which they did, and eventually became firm friends of the Americans.

Marion County was organized March 1, 1824. The soil is fertile, and produce extensive fiutm crops. The Delaware Indians once held a reservation here, and ecnoeded thdr danns in 1829, August 3, and removed west of the

Mississippi. Marion, the county seat, was laid oat in 1821, by Eber Baker and Alexander Holmes. Gen. U&rrison marched through tlm section during his campaign.

Mahoning County wag ftrmed in 1846, from Iromlnill and CduaUaaa. Tho amftoe la rolling and the aoil genanJly fertile. The finer qnalitiea of wood are produoed here. Bitammona ooal and iron are firand in large quantitiea. CoL James HiUman oame to the Weatem Beeerre in 1786. The settlenient of the ooimlj irent fiimaid. CSaniield is the ooon^ seat.

Medina Coonty was tened firom the Western Beserve Febroary 12, 1812. Tho surface is rolling and the soil is fertile prodncing fine agricoltotal products. The first trail made through the county -wos made by Geoige Poe^ Joseph H. Larwell and Roswell M. Mason. The first settlement was made by Joseph Harris in 1811. He was soon joined by the Burr brothers. Medina is the county seat.

Mei<?=i Ooiinty was formed from Gallia and Athens April 1. 1819. The general character of the soil is clayey, producing large quantities of wheat, oats, com, hay and potatoes. Vast quantities of salt are made and exported. Pomeroy, the county seat, is situated under a lofty hill, surrounded by picturesque scenery. Mr. Nathaniel Clark was the first settler of the county. He arrived in 1816. The first coal mine opened in Pomcroy was in 1819, by David Bradshaw.

Mercer County was formed from the Indian Territory in 1820. The surface is genoally flat, and while coyered with forests, inclined to be wet ; but, heii^ ckored, it Is verj fertile^ and adapted to producing fiorm orops. St. Clair's Battle was Ibnght on Ihe boondaiy line between this and Darke Conn^. The Hon. Lewis Cass and Doncan MeArthnr made a treaty at St Mary's with the Wyandots, Shawnees and Ottawas, in 1818. The odious Simon Girty lived at one time at St. Mary's. Wayne built St Mary's Fort^ on the west bank of the river. John Whistler w«s the last commander of the fort The largest artifidal lake in the world, so it is asserted, is formed by the reservdr supplying the St Mary's feeder of the Miatni Extension Canal. It is about nine miles long, and from two to four broad. Cclina is tlio county seat

Miami County was formed January 16, 1807, from Montgomery. It abounds in excellent limestone, and possesses remarkable water-power facilities. Its agricultural products rank highly in quality and quantity. John Knoop came into this section about the year 1797, and its first settlement began about this time. Troy, the county seat, is situated upon the Great Miami. Piqua is another lovely town. The Miami River aflords delirrlitful scenery at this point.

Monroe County was formed January 29, 1813, from Belmont, Washington, and Guernsey. A portion of its surface is abrupt and hilly. Large quantities of tobacco are raised, and much pork is exported. Wheat and eorn grow well in the western portion. Iron ore and coal abound. The valleys of the streams are very narrow, bounded by rough hills. In some places are natural rock grottoes. The fint settlement waa made in 1799, near the mouth of the Sunfish.

At this time, wolves were numerous, and caused much alarm. Volney entered this county, but wiw not prepossessed in its favor. One township is settled by the Swiss, who are educated and refined. Woodsfield is the county seat.

Montgomery County was fonned from Ross and Hamilton May 1, 1808. The soil is ftrfeile, and its agricuhnnd pioduets are mofil ezedlent. Quaniee of

Dayton is theooontyeeatydtiiatedon the Great Miami, at the moufh of Had River. A eompaoy was Ibnned in 1788, but Indian ware prevented settlement After Wi^e*a trealy, in 1795, a new oompany was formed. It advanced mindly between the years 1812 and 1820. The be^nlng of the Miami Canal mewed ite prosperity, in 1827. The first canal-boat from Cincinnati arrived at Dayton on the 25th of January, 1829, The first one arrived from Lake Erie in June, 1845. CoL Robert^atterson came to Dayton in 1804. Atone ^ time, he owned Lexington, Ky., and about one third of Cincinnati.

Morgan County was organized in 1818, March 1. The surface is hilly and the soil strong and fertile, producing wheat, corn, oats and tobacco. Pork is a prolific product, and considerable salt is made. The first settlement was made in 1790, on the Muskingum. McConnelsville is the county seat. Mr. Ayrcs made the first attempt to produce salt, in 1817. This has developed into a large industry.

Morrow County was organized in 1848. It is drained by the Vernon River, whieh nsea in it, by the East Branch of the Olontangy or Whetstone River, and by Walnnt Credc. The eorfiMe is nndolating, the soil fertile^ The staple products are coin, wheat, oats, hay, wool and batter. The soger maple abounds in the fbresia, and sandstone or freestone in the quarries. Monnt Gilead, the counly seat, is situated on the East Branch of the Olen* tangy River.

Mnsldngam CSounty was formed from Washington and Fairfield. The surfrce is rolling or hiUy. It produces wheat, com, oats, potatoes, tobacco, wool and pork. Laige quantities of bituminous coal are found. Pipe clay, buhr> stone or cellular quartz are also in some portions of the State. Salt is made in large quantities - the fine being obtained from a stratnm of whitish sandstone. The Wyandots, Delawares, Senecas and Shawanoese Indians once iidiahitcd this section. An Indian town occupied the site of Duncan's Falls. A large Shawan- O^e town w:is located near Dresden.

Zantsville is the county seat, situated opposite the mouth of the Licking. It was laid out in 1799, by Mr. Zane and Mr. Mclntire. This is one of the principal towns in the State, and is surrounded by charming scenery.

Noble County, organized in 1851, is drained by Seneca, Duck and Wills Creeks. The sur&ce is undulating, and a large part of it is covered with forests. The soil is ftrtile. Its stifles are com, tobacco, wheat, hay, oats and wool. Among its mineral resonroes are limestone, coal and petroleum. Near OakhreU, the county seat, are found iron ore, coal and salt.

Hibtoiit Of The 8Tatb Op Ohio

Ottawa County was formed from £rie, Sandusky aiid Lucas, March 6, 1840, It is mostly within the Black Swamp, and considerable of its land is prairie and marsh. It was very thinly settled befere 1830. Extensive plaster beds exist on the peninsula, which extends into Lake Erie. It has also large limestone quarries, which are extensively worked. The very first trial at arms upon the soil of Ohio, during the war of 1812, occurred upon this peninsula. Port Clinton, the county seat, was laid out in 1827.

Perry County was formed from Washington, Fairfield and Muskingum, March 1, 1817. Fine tobacco is raised in large quantities, Wheat, com, oats, hay, cattle, pork and wool add to the general wealth. Thia county was first settled in 1801. First settler was Christian Binckley, who boilt the first cabin in the eonnty, about five miles west of Somerset, near the preaent county line. N«ir Iifsingtoii is now the oounty seat.

Pickaway County was fimned from Faiifield, Boas and Franklin, Jannaxy 12, 1810. The ooimly has woodland, harren, plain and prairie. The barrens were covered by shrub oaks, and when cleared are adapted to the raising of com and oats. The Pickaway plains are three and a half miles west of Circleville, and this tract is said to contain the richest land in Ohio. Here, in the olden times, burned the great council fire;^ of the red man. Here the allied tribes met Gen. Lewis, who fought the battle of Point Pleasant. Dunmore's campaign was terminate<i on these plains. It was at the Chillicothe towns, after Dunmore's treaty, that Logan delivered his famous speech. Circleville, the county seat, is situated on the Scioto River and the Ohio Canal. It was laid out in 1810, by Daniel Dresbach. It is situated on the site of ancient fortifications.

Portage County was forme<l June 7,1807, from Trumbull. It is a wealthy, thriving section. Over a thousand tons of cheese arc annually produced. It also produces wheat, corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, rye, butter and wool. Ravenna is the county seat, and was originally settled by the Hon. Benjamin ' Tappen in June, 1799. In 1806, an nnpleasant difficulty arose between the settlers and a camp of Indiaos in Beerfield, caused by a horse trade between a , white man and an Indian. David Danieb settled on the site of Palmyra in 1799.

Pike Connty was organised in 1816. The snr&oe is generally hilly, which abound with freestone, whidi is exported in large quantities for building pur^ poses. Rich bottom lands extend along the Scioto and its tribntaries. John Noland and the three Ohenoweth brothers settled on the Pee Pee prairie about 1796. Piketown, the former county seat, was laid out abcut 1814. WaTerly, the present county seat, is situated on the Scioto River.

Eaton, the county scat, was laid out in 1806, by William Bnice, who owned the land. An overliowitiir well of strong sulphur water is near the town, while directly beside it is a limestone quarry. Holdennan's quurry is about two miles distant, from which is obtained a beautifully clouded gray stone. Fort St. Clair was built near Eaton, in the w inter of 179.1-92. Gen. Harrison was an Ensign at the time, and commanded a guard every other night for three weeks, during the building. The severe battle of November 6, 1792, was fought under ifs vary guns. LildeTiii1]e,adi8tingaiBliedoliief of liiel^u^ for a tinw. He ms witty, bmre and ttumest, and, although engaged in sevend sefow erataBte with the wUtea, he wm inclined towird peace. But when hia wairion eried ftr war he led them bravelj.

Ross County was formed August 20, 1798, by the proclamation of Go?. St. Clair, and waa the sixth county formed in the Northwestern Territory. The Scioto River and Paint Creek run through it, bordered with fertile lands. Much water-power is obtained from the many streams watering it. The main crops are wheat, torn and oats. It exports cattle and hogs.

The Rev. Robert W. Finley, in 1794, addressed a letter of inquiry to Col. Nathaniel Massie, as many of his associutcs had designed settling in the new- State. This resulted in packing their several eftects and setting out. A trivial Indian encounter was the only interruption they nv t with on their way. After Wayne's treaty, Col. Massie and many of these early explorers met again and formed a settlement - in 179G - at the mouth of Paint Creek. In August of this year, Chillicothe was laid out by Col. Massie, in a dense forest. He donated lota to the eaily aettlen. . A ferry was estaUiahed over the Seioto, and the opening of Zane'a trace assisted the progress of setdement

QhiPicoth^ the county seat, ia aitnated on the Scioto. Ita site is thirty feet ahove the liTer. In 1800, it waa the seat of the Northweatem Tenitorial GoTemment. It waa incorporated as a ct^ in January, 1802. During the war ^1812, the city waa a rendesvoua fer the United Statea troopa. A hirge number of British were at one time guarded here. Adena is a beautiful place, and the pc:it of Gov. Worthington s mansion, which was built in 1806. Near this is Fruit Hill, the residence of the late Gen. Mc Arthur, and latterly the home of his son-in-law, the Hon. William Allen. Eleven miles from Chillicothe^ on the road to Portsmouth, is the home of the hermit of the Scioto.

Richland was organized Marcli 1, 1813. It produces wheat, com, oats, hay, potatoes, rye, hemp nnd barley. It was settled about 1809, on branches of the Mohican. Two block-houses were built in 1812. Mansfield, the county seat, i.^ charmingly situated, and was laid out in 1808, by Jacob Newman, Jamee Iledges and Joseph H. Larwell. The county was at that period a vast wilderness, destitute of roads. From this year, the settlement progressed rapidly.

Sandusky County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian Territory. The soil is fertile, and oonntry generally level. It mainly produces com, wheat, oats, potatoes and pork. The Indians were especially delighted with this tract. Near Lower Sandusky live<l a Ixind of Wyandota, called the Neutral Nation. These two cities never failed to render refuge to any who sought their protection. They preserved their peacemaking attributes througli the Iro<juois conflicts. Fremont, formerly called Lower Sandusky, the county seal, is situated at the head of navi|^tion, on the Sandusky, on the site of the old neBerrmtioD grant to the Lidiana, at tlie Greenyille treaty ooundl. Fort SteplieiiMii was erected in August, 1813, and was gallantly defended bj'Col. Croghan.

Smnmit Coun^ wae fonned Maidi 8^ 1840, from Medina, Portage end Stark. The soO is fertQe and prodaoes excellent fruity herides laii^e crops of com, wheat, hay, oats and potatoes. Cheese and hotter may be added as

Indian portage-path, extending through this ooonly, between the Cuyahoga, and Tuscarawas Branch of the Muskingum. This was a part of the ancient boundary between the Six Nations and the Western Indians. Akron, the county seat, is situated on the portage summit. It was laid out in 18:25. In 1811, Paul Williams and Amos and Minor Spicer settled in this vicinity. Middlebury was laid out in 1818, by Norton & Hart.

Stark County was formed February 13, 1808. It is a rich agricultural county. It has large quantities o( mineral coal, iron ore, flocks of the finest sheep and great water power. Limestone and extensive beds of lirae-raarl exist. The manufacture of silk has been extensively carried oil. Frederick Post, the first Horavian misnooary in Ohio, aettled here in 1781.

Oanton is the coonty seat, sitnated in the fiirhs of the Nimishillen, a tribntary of the Mnskingnm. It was laid out in 1806, by Besaled Wells, who owned the land. Massillon was laid out in March, 1826, by John Duncan.

Shelby County was fimned in 1819, from Itfiami. The aouthem portion is undulating, ansing in some places to hills. Through the north, it is a flat table- Jand. It produces wh&t, com, oats and grass. The first point of En^ish'set> tlement in Ohio was at the mouth of Laramie's Creek, in this county, as early as 1762. Fort Laramie was built in 1794, by Wayne. The first white fiunily that setded in this county was that of James Thatcher, in 1804. Sidney, the county seat, was laid out in 1819,. on the farm of Cliarles Starrett.

Seneca County was formed April 1, 18-0, from the old Indian tenitoiy. Its principal products are corn, wheat, grasss, oats, potatoes and pork.

Fort Seneca was liuilt during the war of 1812. The Senecas owned 40,000 acres of land on tlie Sandusky River, mostly in Seneca County. Thirty thousand acres of this land was granted to tlieni in 1817. at the treaty held at tlie foot of the Maumee Rapids. The remaining 10,000 was granted the following year. These Indians ceded this tract, however, to the Government in 1831. It was asserted by an old chief, that ihis band was the remnant

Hibiort Of Thx Statb Of Ohio

Scioto Countj waa fonne<l May 1, 1803. It is a good agricultural section, besides producing iron ore, coal and freestone. It is said that a French fort stood at the mouth of the old Scioto, as early as 1740. In 1785, four famili^ settled where Portsmouth now stands. Thomas McDonald built the first cabin in Hie county. The French grant" ww loosted la tiiis section - a tract comprising 24,000 ten^ The grant was made in March, 1795^ PortnMNitfa, the ' county seat, is JoGsted upon the Ohio.

TnunbnU Goim^ me formed in 1800. The ori^nal Conneetieiit Weetm Beeerre wee nitfain its. limits. The ooonly is well eultiTated end 7017 weelthy. Coal is Ibiiiid in its northern portion. We have, in our prenoos ondine, given a histcny of this section, and it is not, therefore, neoesniy to repeat its details. Warren, the county seat, is situated on the M*l*ft«fag River. It was laid out hy Ephraim Quinby in 1801. Mr. Quinby owned thesoiL His cabin was built here in 1799. In August, 1800, while Mr. McMahon was away from home, a party of drunken Indians called at the house, abused the &mily, struck a child a severe blow with a tomahawk and threatened to kill the family. Mrs. McMahon could not send tidings which could reach her husband before noon the following day. The following Sunday morning, fourteen men and two boys armed themselves and went to the Indian camp to settle the diflSculty. Quinby advanced alone, leaving the remainder in concealment, as he was better acquainted with these people, to make inquiries and ascertain their intentions. He did not return at once, and the party set out, marched into camp, and found Quinby arguing with Capt George, the chief. Capt. George snatched his tomahawk and declared war, rushing forward to Mil McMahon. Bat a bullet from ihe fiontiarman*s gon kffled him instantly, while Storey shot Spotted John" at the same time^ The Lidians then fled. They joined the council at Sandnsky. Quinby gsnisooed his honse. Fourteen days thereafter, the Indians returned with overtures of peooe^ which were^ that McMahon and Storey be taken to Sandusky, tried by Indian laws, and if feund guilty, punished by them. This could not be done. McMahon was tried by Qau St Glair, and the matter was settled. The first missionary on the Beserve was theX Bev. Joseph Badger.

The first white settlers were Moraviim missionaries, their first visits dating back to 1761. The first permanent settlement wjus made in 1798. Miss Mary Heckewelder, the daughter of a missionary, was bom in tliis county April 16, 1781. Fort Laurens was built during the Revolution. It was the scene of a fearful cam^e. It was established in the fall of 177S, and placed under the command of Gen. Mcintosh. New Philadelphia is the county seat, situated on the Tuscarawas. It was hud out in 1804 by John Knisely. A German

<X)Iony settled in this ooonty in 1817, driven from their native land bj religious dictation they could not espouse. They called themselves SqMUratists. They are a simple-minded people, strictly moral and honest.

Union County was formed from Franklin, Delaware, Logan and Madison in 1820, It produces corn, grass, wheat, oats, potatoes, butter and cheese. Extensive limestone quarries are also valuable. The Ewing brothers made the first white settlement in 1798. Col. James Curry, a member of the State Legislature, was the chief instigator in the progress of this section. lie Im ated within its limits and remained until his death, which occurred in 1834. Marys- ' yille is the county seat.

' Van Wart Coon^ iras fi>med from the old Indian territory April 1, 1820. A great deal of timber is within the limits of this county, but tiie rioil is so tenadous that water will not sink through it, and crops are poor during wet seasons. The main product is com. Van Wert, the county seati was founded hy James W. Riley in 1887. An Indian town had formeriy occupied its site. Oapt. Siley wis the first white man who settled in the county, airiving in 1821. fie founded WiUshire in 1822.

Vinton County was organized in 1850. It is drained by Raccoon and Salt Gredu. The surface is undulating or hilly, and is extensively covered with forests in which the oak, buckeye and sugar maple are found. C<»n, hay, butter and wool are staple products. Bituminous coal and iron ore are found. McArthur is the county seat.

Washington County was formed by proclamation of (iov. St. Clair July 27, 1788, and was the first cnunty founded within the limits of Ohio. The surface is broken with extensive tracts of level, fertile land. It was the first county settled in the State under the auspices of the Ohio Company. A detachment of United States troops, under command of Maj. John Douphty, built Fort Harmar in 1785, and it wjis tlie first military post established in Ohio by Americans, with the exception of Fort Laurens, which was erected in 1778. It was occupied by United States troops until 1790, when they were ordered to Connecticut. A company under Gapt. Haskd! remained. In 1785, the Directors of the Ohio Company began practical operations, and settlement went forward rapidly. Campus Martius, a stockade fort, was ccmipleted in 1791. This formed a sturdy stvongliold during the war. During the Indian war there was much suffering in the conn^. Many settlero were killed and captured.

was chartered in 1835. Herman Blannerhassctt, whose unfortunate association with Aaron Burr proved fatal to himself, was a resid^t of Marietta in 1796. About the year 1798, he began to beautify and improve his island.

Warren County was formed Mav 1, 1803, from TTamilton. The soil la very fertile, and conr^iderable water-power is furnished by its streams. Mr. Bedell jnade the first settlement in 1795. Lebanon is the coun^ seat. Henry

Wayne CJoonty was proclaimed by Gov. St. Olair August 15, 1796, and was the tbird county in the Northwest Territory. The settlement of this section has already been briefly delineated. Wooster is the county seat It was laid oat daring the fall of 1808^ by John Beaver, William Henry and Joeeph H. Larwell, owners of the land. Its site is 387 feet above Lake Eria The flnliidUifasliiiUi Jossph StiUM, inl809, onApplAOrask In 1812, a Uoek-boDse was enofes^in Woostsr.

Wyandot County was formed Februarys, 1845, from Marion, Hardin, Han- <x>ck and Crawford. The surface is level, and the soil exceedingly fertile. The Wyandot Indians occupied this seotion, especially the reeervation, from time imnsmoiial until 1848. The trsafy ot 1817, by Hon. Lewis Osss and Hon. Donean HoAzthnr, United States OonuniBstonen, granted to the Indians n leset'fstiatt twelve niles square^ the central point being Fort Fenree^ now within the corporate limits of Upper Sandusky. The Delaware Reserve was ceded to the United States in 1829. The Wyandots ceded theirs March 17, 1842. Col. John Johnston, the United States Commissioner, conducted the negotiations, and thus made the Indian treaty in Ohio. It was the scene of Col. Crawford's defeat and tragic death, June 11, 1782. The Wyandots were exceedingiy brave, and several of their ohief s were distinguished orators and men of exalted moral £rinoi]g^es.

The Indian village of Oiane Vofwn was originsllj sailed Upper Sandnshy. The Indians, after the death of Tarfae, or the Gnmo^** tnuisfsned tbsir town to Upper Sandnsl^.

Governors Of Ohio

The Territorial Governors wo have already mentioned in the course of our brief review of the prominent events of the State of Ohio. After the Territory was admitted as a State, in 1802, Edward Tiffin was elected to that position, and again received the same honor in 1804 and 180C. In 1807, circumatsnosB led him to resign, aodThoma^ Eirker, Speaker of the Sanate, actsd as Oovemor until the close of the term.

Sdwaid Tiflin was bom in Oarlisle» England, ooming to this ooontry in 1784| at file-age of eighteen. He entered the Univeisity of Fenasjrlvania, and applisd himself to the fltndy of medicine, graduating and beginning his practice at the sge of twenty, in the State of Virginia. In 1789, he married Marj, daughter of Col. Worthington, and sister of Thomsia Worthington, who subsequently became Governor of Ohio, In liis profession, Gov. Tiffin wiis highly esteemed, and his public labors were carried forward with a zealous earnestness which marked his career as one of usefulness. He settled in Chillicothe, Ohio^ in 1790. where he died, in 1829.

Sanmel Huntington, the recipient of the honor of third Governor, was inaugurated in 1808. He was an American by birth, Norwich, Conn., being his native place. He ivw a diligent 8tiid«it in Tale College, graduating in 1785. He remoTed to CleTeIand» Ohio» in 1801. He attained a lepntation for integrily, ability and rare discretion. As a seholar, he was eminently superior. He resided in Cleveland at the time of his death, in 1817.

Retam Jonathan MelgB ftUowed Got. Huntington. He was bom in Hiddletown^'Conn., in 1765. He was also a student in Yale College graduating in 1785, with the higjiesi honors. He immediately entered the study of law, and was admitted to practice in his twenty-third year. He married Miss Sophia Wright, and settled in Marietta, Ohio, in 1788. He took his seat as Governor in 1810, and was re-elected in 1812. In 181S, President Madison appointed him to the position of Postmaster General, which occasioned his resignation as Governor. Othniel Looker, Speaker of the Senate, actc<l as Governor during the remainder of the term. Mr. Mei^ died in 1825, leaving as a memento of his usefulness, a revered memory.

Thomas Worthington, the sixth Governor, was bom in Jefferson County, Va., in 1769. He gained an education in William and Mary's College. In 1788, he located at Chillicothe, and the first Senator from the new State. lie wius also the firt>t man to erect the first saw-mill in Ohio. He served two terms as Senator, from 1803 to 1815, resigning in 1814, to take liis position as Governor. In 1816, he was re-elected. He was exceedingly active in paving the way for the fhtore prosperity of Ohio. His measures were famous for practical worth and honesty. Ciiief Justice Chase designated him as a gentleman of distinguished ability and great influence.'* He died in 1827.

Ethan Allen Brown followed Idr. Worthington. His birtikplaoe was on the shore of Long Island Sound, in Fairfield County, Conn., July 4, 1766. HU education was derived undor the most jndickms instruction of a private tutor. In classics, he became proficient. Directly he had reached the required standard in general education, he began the study of law, at home. After becoming conversant with preliminary requirements, he entered the law office of Alexander Hamilton, who at that time was a national pride, as a scholar, lawyer and statesman. Opportunities coming in hia way, which promised a fortune, he abandoned the law, and achieved success and a fortune. He then docided to return to his study, and was admitted to practice in 1802. Thereafter, he was seized with an exploring enthusijism, and with his cousin as a companion, set out upon a horseback tour, following the Indian trails from east to west, through Pennsylvania, until they reached Brownsville, on the Monongahela River. Hero tliey purchased two flatboats, and fully stocking them with provisions and obtaining efficient crews, started for New Orleans. Reaching that city, they feiuid they could not dispcse of their cargoes to any advantage, and shipped the flour to Liverpool, England, taking passage in the same vessel. They succeeded in obtaining good prices for their stock, and set sail for America, arriving in Baltimore nine months after first leaving home," on this adventure, Mr. Brown's &ther decided to secure a large and valuable tract of Western land, as a permanent home, and authomed his son to select and porohase the same for him. He found what he desired, near Rising Son, Ltd. After this, he settled in Gincinnati, and cstgaged in the practice of law, speedily aehiering prominenoy and distinction. Knancially, he was meet fortunate. In 1810, he was elected Judge of the Sopreme Court, which position he filled with honor, until he was ehosen Goremor, in 1818. He was re-eleeted in 1820. In 1821, he receiTed the honor of Senator, and serred one tenn. Allen TMmblo, Spsaksr of the Senate, acted as Qovemor the remainder of the tenn. hk 1880 he was appcnnted Minister to Brasil. He remained there four years, and returning, was appointed Oomnussioner of Public Lunds, by President Jackson, holding this poeiti<Mi two years. At this time^ he decided to retire from public life. Since he never married, he waa much with his relatives, at Rising Sun, Ind., thirinf; the latter part of his life. His death was sudden and unexpected, occurring in February, 1852, while attending a Democratic Convention, at Indianapolis, Ind. He was interred near his father, at Rising Sun.

Jeremiah Morrow, the ninth Governor of Ohio, was bom at Gettysburg, Peun., in October, 1771. His people were of the " Scotch-Irish " class, and his early life was one of manual labor upon his father's farm. During the winter, lie had the privilege of a private school. With a view of establishing himself and securing a competency, be bade the old borne ftrewell, in 1795, and set out Ibr the ''Far West" A flatboat carried him to a little duster of calnns, known bj the name of Gdlnmbia, six miles fiom Fort Washington - Cincinnati. He devoted himsdf to whatever came in his way, that seemed best and most worthy - tpoflhing sdiool, surveying and working on ftnus between times. Having Wmmlated m small ca|nta], he ascended thf Little Miami, as far as Warren Goonty, and IImts porehased an eztensiTO ftnn, and erected an excellent log house. In the spring of 1799, he married Miss Mary Packtrell, of Columbia. The young oonple set out upon pioneer filming. Gaining popularity as weU as a desirable property, he was deputiaed to the Territorial Legislature, which met at CbiUicodie, at which time measures were inaugurated to call a Constitutional Convention, during the following year, to organize the State of Ohio. Mr. Morrow was one of the Delegate to this convention, and steadfastly worked in the interests of those who sent him, until its close in 1802. The following year, he wa.-? elected to the Senate of Ohio, and in June of the same year, he was appointed the first Representative to the United States Congress from the new State.

Ohio "was then entitled to but one llepresentative in Congress, -and could not add to that number for ten years thereafter. During these years, Mr. Morrow represented the State. In 1813, he was sent to the United States Senate, and in 1822, was elected Governor of Ohio, almost unanimously, being re-elected in 1824. It was during his admiiustntioii that work was begun on the Ohio CbaaL ICr. Morrow reonvted llie nitioiuil gMBt^ La Fayette, with m mnmat and toaehing emotkn, whidi affeetod the emotions of tiie goneioiui Franehman more profoundly thin aay of the dahorato reoeptions which paved his way throni^ Amorica. ' X)n the 4th of Julj, 1889, Got. Monow was appointed to lay the comer stone of the new State capitol, at ColunhnSy and to deliTer the address on this occasion. Again, in 1840, he was in tiie House of Representatives, filling the vacancy caused hy the resignation of Hon. Thomas Corwin. He was elected for the following term also. He died at his own homestead, in Warren County, March 22, 1858.

Allen Trimble was a native of Augusta County, Ya. Th^ date of his birth was November 24, 1788. His ancestors were of Scotch-Irish origin, and were among the early settlers of Virginia. His father moved to Ohio in 1804, purchasing a tract of land in Highland County. His cabin was remarkably spacious, and elicited the admiration of his neighbors. He cleared six acres of land for an orchard, and brought the tre^ on horseback, from Kentucky. Before this new home was completed, Allen, then a young man of twenty, took possession. This was in the year 1805. Four years thereafter, he occupied the position of Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and Recorder of Highland County. He was serving in the latter capacity at the breaking out of the war of 1812. Katorally enthnsiastio and patriotic, he engaged a competent person to perlbnn his dvil duties, while he went into aotiTe service as Colonel of a vegiment he had sommoned and enlisted. He was always eager to be in the front, and led his men with soch valor that they were termed soldiers who did not know the art of flinching. His commanding General lavished praises upon him. In 1816, he was in the State Senate^ representing Highland County. He occupied the same ponti(m for four terms, two years each. In 1818, he was Speaker of tho Senate, over Gen. Robert Lucae. He remained in this office until elected to the United States Senate, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his brother, Col. William A. Trimble. When Governor Brown resigned to accept the office of United States Senator in 1822, he succeeded to tho office, acting as Governor the remainder of the term. In October, 1826, be was elected Governor of Ohio, by an astonishing majority. The united vote of his three competitors was but one-sixth of the vote polled. Gov. Trimble was an earnest Henry Clay Whig. In 1828 he was re-elected. Gov. Trimble was married in 1806 to Miss Margaret McDowell. Three years thereafter she died, leaving two children. He was united in marriage to Miss Rachel Woodrow, and they lived together sixty years, when he died, at home, in Hillsboro, Highland County, Feb. 3, 1870. His wife survived him but a few months.

DmiMii MeArtlmr, tho imth Govenior of Ohio^ ms bovn in Datdm Comity, N. Y., in 1772. While yet a ehild, his purentB nmoTed to tiie west* em part of PenmiylTH&is, where they entered npon the hard life of pioneers. While thef^ young Duncan had the meager advantages of a bak;k woods school. His life was a general routine until his eighteenth year, when he enlisted under Gen. Hanner for the Indian campaign. His conduct and bravery won worthy laurels, and upon the death of the commander of his company, he was elected to that position, although the youngest man in the company. When his days of service had expired, he found employment at salt-making in Maysville, Ky., until he was engaged as chain-bearer in Gen. Massie's survey of the Scioto Valley. At this time, Indian atrocities alarmed the settlers occasionally, and his reputation for bravery caused him to be appointed one of the three patrols of the Kentucky side of the Ohio, to give the alarm to scattered cabins in case of danger. This wiis during the summer of 1798. Gen. Massie again secured his services, this time as assistant surveyor. He was thus engaged for seYenil years, daring whidi time he assisted in platting ChiUicolhe. He purchased a large tract of land just north of town, and under his vigorous and practical management, it beeune one of the finest estates of Ohio, which reputation it sostainB at the prssent time. He amassed wealth rapidly, his inTestmenta always being judicious. In 1805, he was elected to the State Legislature. He was a Cokinel of an Ohio regiment, and accompanied Gen. Hull to Detrtnt in 1813. At Hull's surrender he was a prisoner, but released on parol^ returned to Ohio in a state of indignation over his commander's stupidly. Soon thersafter he was sent to Congress on the Donocratic tidcet. Soon thereafter he was released from parole by exchange, and, greatly rejoiced, he resigned his seat, entered the army as a Brigadier General under Gen. Harrison, and the following year succeeded him as commander of the Northwestern forces. At tlie termination of the war, he was immediately returned to the State Legislature. lie occupied State offices until 1822, when he was again sent to Congress. Serving one term, he declined re-election. In 1830, he was elected Governor of Ohio. When his term expired, he decided to enjoy life aB a citizen on his &rm, Fruit ILll," and lived there in contentment until 1840, when he died.

Robert Lucas was anotfaeor Tirginian, having been bom in 1781, in Jefferson Ooun^ of that State. While a boy, his frther libetated his staves, moving to Cbillioothe as one of the early settlers. He procured a profident tutor for his childrsn. Bobert became an expert in mathematiGs and surveying. Before he rsached his minority, he was employed as surveyor, earning liberal compen> sation. At the age of twenljothree^ he was appointed Surveyor of Sdot<> Coun^. At twenty-five, he was Justice of the Peace for Union Township, Scioto County. He married Miss Elisabeth Brown in 1810, who died two yean thereafter, leaving a young daughter. In 1816, he married Miss Sumner. The same year he was dected a member of the Ohio Legislature. For nmeteen <ioiuecotiTe yean he serred in die Home or Senate^ In 1820 and 1828^ he was ehoeen one of the Preudential eleoton of Ohio. In 1882, he was Ohaliman of the National CSnvention at Baltinu»e^ which nominated Gen. Jackson as FMdent of the United States. In 188% he heoame Goremor of Ohio^ and was re-elected in 1834. He declined a third nomination, and was appointed by President Van Buren Territorial Governor of Iowa and Superintendent of Indian Affairs. On the 16th of August, 1838, he reached Burlington, the seat of government. He remained in Iowa nntil his death, in 1853.

Joseph Vance, the twelfth Governor of Ohio, was bom in Washington County, Penn., March *21, 1781. lie was of Scotch-Irish descent, and his father cnaigrated to the new Territory when Joseph was two years of age. He located on the southern bank of the Ohio, building a solid block house. This formed a stronghold for his neighbors in case of danger. In 1801, this iJiuneer decided to remove north of the Ohio River, and eventually settled in Urbana. Joseph had the primitive advantages of the common schools, and became proficient in handling those useful implements - the plow, ax and rifle. Tlie first money he earned he invested in a yoke of oxen. He obtained several barrels of salt, and set out on a specniative tour throng the settlements. Hettaveled throuj^ a wilderness, over swamps, and surmounted seiioQS diffieulties. At ni^t he built a huge fire to terrier the wolves and panthers, and hud down to sleep beside his oxen, firequently bang obliged to stsnd guard to protect ihem from these ferocious creatures. Ooessionally he found a stream so svfoIlen that necessarily he waited hours and even days in the tan^^ed forest, before he could cross. He often suifereil from hunger, yet he sturdily persevered and sold his salt, though a lad of only fifteen years. When he attained his minority, he married Miss Mary Iiomen, of Urbana. At twenty-three, he was elected Captain of a rifle company, and frequently led his men to the front to fight the Indians prior to the war of 1812. During that year, he and his brother piloted Hull's array through the dense forests to Fort Meigs. In 1817, with Samuel McCuUough and lienry Van Meter, he made a contract to sup|)ly the Northwestern army with provisions. They drove their cattle and Iiog? many miles, dead wt i^rlit lieing transported on sleds and in wagons. He engaged in mercantile business at Urbana and Fort Meigs - now Perrysburg.

While thus employed, he was elected to the Legislature, and there remained four years. He then purchased a large tract of land on Blauchard s Fork, and laid out the town of Findlay. He was sent to Congress in 1821, and was a monher of that body for fifteen years. In 183G, he was diosoi Govornor of Ohm. Again he was sent to Congress in 1842. While attending the Gonstitutional Convention in 1850, he was stricken with paralysis, and sulfored extremdy until 1852, when he died at his home in Urbana.

Wilson Shannon was a native of Belmont County, Ohio. He was bom during 1808. At the age of fifteen, he was sent to the university at Athens, where he remMned a year, and then changed to the TnosylTaaia University, at Lexington, Ky. He continued his etadies two yean, tiien returning home and entering upon reading law. He completed his course at St. Clairsville, Behnont County, and was admitted to practice. He was engaged in the courts of the county for eight years. In 1832, the Democrats nominated him to Congress, hut lie was not elected. He received the position of Prosecuting Attorney in 1834, in which position his abilities were so marked that in 1888 he was elected Governor by a majority of 8,600. He was re-nominated in 1840, but Tom Gorwin won the ticket. Two yean thereafter he was again nominated and elected. In 1843 he was appointed Minister to Mexico, Thomas W. Bartley, Speaker of the Senate, acting as Governor the remainder of the term. When Texas was admitted as a State, Mexico renounced all diplomatic relatioiis with the United Statei. Mr. Sbamion retarnedhom and letoined the pnetioe of kw. He wie sent to CongreoB in 1852. Ptesident Pierce conlened upon hun the podtion cf Temtorial Govemor of Kaniwiii, iriiich dnty he did not p^rlbnn 8atie> ftctorily, and wae enpeneded after fourteen months of eervioe. He settled in Leoompton, Kan., and there practiced law nntil his death, which oocomd in 1877.

Thomsa Corwin, the fourteenth Qovemor of Ohio, was bom in Bourbon 'County, Ky., Jnly 29, 1794. His fiuher settled at Lebanon in 1798. The eoontry was crade^ and advantages meager. When Thomas was seventeon engaged to drive a wagon through the wilderness, loaded with provisions, to Gen. Harrison's headquarters- Tn 1816, he began tlie study of law, and achieved knowledge so rapidly tliat in 1817 ho passed examination and was admitted to practice. He waa elected Prosecuting Attorney of his county, in 1818, which position he held until 1830. He was elected to the Legislature of Ohio in 1822. Again, in 1829, he was a member of the same body. He was sent to Congress in 1830, and continued to be re-elected for the space of ten years. He became Governor of Ohio in 1840. In 1845, he wm elected to the United States Senate, where he remained until called to the cabinet of Mr. FiUmcre^ asi Secretary tS, the Treasury. He was again sent to Congress in 1858, and re-elected in 1860. He was appomted Minister to Mexico, by President Lincoln. After his retain, he practiced kw in Washington, D. C , where he died in 1866.

Mordecai Bartley was horn in 1783, in Fayette County, Penn. There he remained, en his &ther*s ftim, nntil he was twenty-one yean of age. He married Bliss Wells in 1804, and removed to Jefierscn, Connty, Ohio, where he purchased a fiurm, near Cross Creek. At the opening of the war of 1812, he enlisted in a company, and was elected its Captain. He entered the field under Harrison. At the clceeof the war, he removed to Richland County, and opened a clearing and set up a cabin, a short distance from Mansfield. He remained on his &im twenty years, then removing to Mansfield, entered the mercantile lyoflmen. In 1817, hB was elected to the State Senate. He was sent to Godgnm in 1828, and aerred fimr tenna. In 1844^ he became GoTemor of Ohio, on the Whig ticket. He declined a re-nomination, prefenring to retire to his

William Bebb, the seventeenth Governor, iiaa from Hamilton County, Ohio. He waa born in 1804. His early instructions were limited, but thorough. He opened a school himself, when he was twenty years of age, at North Bend, residing in the house of Gen. Harrison. He remained thus employed a year, dnrincr which time he married Shuck. He very soon began the study of law, continuing his school. He was successful in his undertakings, and many pupils were sent him from the best families in Cincinnati. In 1831, he waa admitted to practice, and opened an oflBce in Hamilton, Butler County, remaining thus engaged for fourteen years. In 1845, he was elected Governor of Ohio. In 1847, he purchasc<i 5,000 acres of land in the Rock River country. 111., and removed there three yean later. On the inauguration of President lancohn, he -waa appointed Pension Bzaminer, at Washington, and remained in that position nnti] 1866, when he retomed to his lUinois ftrm. He died at Rock&rd, HI., in 1878.

SeabnryFcid, the eighteenth Goremor of Ohio, was bom in the year 1802, nt Cheshire, Conn. His parents settled in Barton Township. He attended the common schools, prepared for college at an academy in Barton, and entered

Tale College, in 1821, graduating in 1825. He then b^an the study of law, in the law oflSce of Samuel W. Phelps, of Paincsvillc, completing his course with Judge Hitchcock. He began practice in 1827, in Burton. He married Miss Harriet E. Cook, of Burton, in 1828. He waa elected by the Whiga to the Legislature, in 1835, and served six sessions, during one of which he was Speaker of the House. He entered the State Senate in 1841, ;ith1 there remained until 1844, when he was again elected Representative. In 1846, he was appointed to the Senate, and in 1848, he became Governor of Ohio. On the first Sunday after his retirement, he was stricken with j)aralysis, from which he never recovered. He died at his home in Burton in 1855.

Renben Wood, the nineteenth Governor, was a Vermontcr. Bom in 1792, in Middleton, Rutland County, he was a sturdy son of the Green Mountain State. He was a thorough scholar, and obtained a classical education in Upper Canada. In 1812, he was drafted by the Canadian anHioittiea to serve against the Americans, but being detemined not to oppose his own land, he escaped one stormy night, accompanied by Bill Johnson, who waa afterward an Ameri* can spy. In a birchbark canoe they attempted to cross Lake Ontario. A heavy storm of wind and rain set in. The night was intensely dark, and they were in great danger. They fortunately found refoge on a small island, where they were storm-bound three days, salformg fh)m hanger and ezpoeure. They reatshed Sachet's Harbor at last, in a deplorable condition. Here they were -nested as spies by the patrol boats of the American fleet. They were prisonera four dajB, an nnele of Mr. Wood's, reridiog not fiur distant, came to their reecae^ yooched for their loyalty, and they were rdeaaed. Mr. Wood then vrent to Woodville, N. Y., where he raised a company, of which he waa dected Captain. They marched to the northern firoDtier. The battles of Plattslmrg and Lake Cbamplain were fought, the enemy defeated, and the company retnmed to Woodville and was disbanded.

Young Wood then entered the law office of Gen. Jonas Clark, at Middlebury, Yt. He was married in 1816, and two yeiirs later, settled in Cleveland, Ohio. A-VTien he first established himself in the village, he possessed his wife, infant daughter and a silver (jnarter of a dollar. He was elected to the State Senate in 1825, and filled the olTict' three consecutive terms. He was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleaa. He was promoted to the Bench of the Supreme Court, serving there fourteen years, the latter portion of the term as Chief Justice. He was termed the Cayuga Chief," from his tall form and courtly bearing. He was elected OoYeroor in 1850, l»y a nugon^ of 11,000. The new constitation, wliich went into effect in March, 1851, vacated ^e office of Governor, and he was re-elected by a majority of 26,000. The Democrats holding a national convention in Baltimore in 1852, party division caused SStj unavailing votes. The Viiginia delegation offinred the entire vote to Gov. Wood, if Ohio wotdd bring him fi>rward. The opposition of one man prevented this. The offer was accepted by New Hampshire, and Frank Pierce became President. Mr. Wood was appointed Gonsiil to Valparaiso, South America, and resigned his office of Governor. He resigned his consulship and returned to his fine farm near Cleveland, called ^'Evergreen Place." He expected to address a Union meeting on the 5th of October, 1864, bat on the 1st he died, mourned by all who knew him.

William Medill, the twentieth Governor, was bom in New Castle County, Bel., in 1801. He was a graduate of Delaware College in 1825. He began the study of law under Judge Black, of New Castle, and was admitted to the bar in 1832. He removed to Lancaster, Ohio, in 1830, He was elected Representative from Fairfield County in 1835. He waa elected to Congress in 1838, and was re-elected in 1840. He was appointed Assistant Postmaster Genenl by Prasidfint Polk. During the same year, he wm appointed Commissioner of Indian Afbirs, In 1851, he was elected Lieatenant GoTornor, and, in 1858, he became Qoreinor. He ooonpied the podtion of First Comptroller of the United States Treasuy in 1857, nnder President Bnchanan, retaining the office QntQ 1861, iriien ho retired from pnblio life. His death oeenired in 1865.

Salmon P. Chase was a native of Cornish, N. H. He was bom in 1808. He entered Dartmouth College in 1822, graduating in 1826. He was there* afber successful in establishing a dassical school in Washington, but financially it did not succeed. He continued to teach the sons of Henxy CSay, WiiUam Wirt nnd S. L. Southard, at the same time reading law when not busy as tutor. He wu admitted to practice in 1829, and opened a law office in Gindimati. lie succeeded but moderately, and during bis leiaare hours prepared anew edition of the "Statutes of Ohio." He added annotations and a wellwritten sketch of the early history of the State. This was a thorough success, and gave the earnest worker popularity and a stepping-stone for the future. He was solicitor for the banks of the United States in 1834, and soon thereafter, for the city banks. He achieved considerable distinction in 1837, in the case of a colored woman brought into the State by her master, and escaping his ])Oase:5sion. He was thus brought out as au Abolitionist, which was further sustained by his defense of James G. Bimey, who had suffered indictment for harboring a fugiti?e alave. In 1846, aaaodated with Wflliam H. Seward, he .defimded Van Zandt before the Supreme Court of the United Statea. Hia fhriUing denimeiationa and atartling ooiyectareB alarmed the ahnrebolding States, and aabaequmtly led to the enactment of the faffiAY^4AKn hm of 1850. Mr. Chaae ma » member of the United Statea Senate in 1849, throa|^ the ooalition of 1h» Bemocrats and Free-Soilera. In 1855, he waa elected Governor of Ohio by the opponents of Pierce's administration. He was re>decfeed in 1859. President Lincoln, in 1861, tendered him the position of Secretary of the Treasnry. To his abilily and official manag^ent we are indebted for the present national bank system. In 1864, he was appointed Chief Juatice of the United States. He died in the oi<7 of New York in 187S, ato a naefiil career.

"William Dennison was born in Cincinnati in 1815. He gained an education at Miami University, graduating in 1835. Ho began the study of law in the oflSce of the father of George H. Pendleton, and was qualified and admitted to the bar in 1840. The same year, he married a daughter of William Neil, of Columbus. The Whigs of the Franklin and Delaware District sent him to the State Senate, in 1848. He was President of the Exchange Bank in Cincinnati, in 1852, and was also President of Columbus & Xenia Railway, Ho was elected the twentywsecond Governor of Ohio in 1859. By his promptness and actiTity at the b^g^mtng of the rebellion, Ohio was placed in ^e front rank of loyalty. At the beginning of Lincoln'a second term, he was appointed Postmaster General, retiring upon the accession of Johnson. He then made his home at Colnmbns.

Dvfid ToA, twea^-diird Governor of Ohio^ waa bom at Youngrtown, Ohio, in 18.05. Bjs edncation waa principally obtMned thnm^ his own exertions. He set about the study of law most vigorously, and was admitted to practice in 1827. He SO(m acquired popularity through his ability, and consequently was financially successfiil. He purchased the Briar Hill homestead. Under Jackson's administration, he was Postmaster at Warren, and held the position until 1838, when he was elected State Senator by the Whigs of Tnimbull District, by the Democrats. In 1844, he retired to Briar Hill, and opened the Briar Hill Goal Mines. He waa a pioneer in the coal business of Ohio. In the Clevehmd

Bistort Op The State Of Ohio

& Mahoning Railroad, he was largely interested, and waa ita President, after the death of Mr. Perkins. He was nominated, in 1844, for Governor, by the Democrats, but w!us defeated. In 1847, he went to Brazil as Minister, where he reside<l for four and a half years. The Emperor presented him with a special commendation to the President, as a testimonial of his esteem. He was also the recipient of an elegant silver tray, as a memorial from the resident citizens of Rio Janeiro. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, which met at Charleston in 1860. He ma Yioe President of this Gonyention. . H« was an earaeet advocate far Stephen A. IKraglas. When the Southern membors wHhdrQfW, the Preadmty Caleb Gashing, going with them, the oonTentbn a4)Giinied to Baltimore, when Mr. Tod assmned the chair and Bonglas was inatecL He was an earnest worker in the canse, but not disheartened by its defisat. When Fort Somter was fired npon, he was one of the most vigorous proBOCUtois of the war, not relaxing his active earnestness nntil its dose. He donated fbU nnifbrms to Company B, of the Nineteenth Regiment, and contribnte<I largely to the war ftnul of his township. Fifty-five thousand mi^orily elected him Govermv in 1861. His term was burdened with war duties^ and he earned them so bravely as Governor that the President said of him: ** Governor Tod of Ohio aids me more and troubles me less than any other GoTemor." Hia death oecurred at Briar Hill during the year 18G8.

John Brough was a native of Marietta, Ohio. He was born in 1811. The death of his father left him in precarious circumstances, which may have been a discipline for future usefulness. He entered a printing office, at the age of fourteen, in Marietta, and after sen-ing a few months, began his studies in the Ohio University, setting type mornings and evenings, to earn sufficient for support. He occupied the leading position in classes, and at the same time excelled as a type-setter. He was also admired finr his athletio feats in field amusements. He completed his studies and began reading law, which porsnit was interrupted l>y an opportnmty to edit a paper in Petersburg, Ya. He retomed to Marietta in 1881, and became editor and proprietor of a leading Democratic newspaper - the Wiuihmgtm dmnty BepuhUean. He achieved distinction rapidly, and in 1888, sold his interest, for the purpose of entering a more extended fidd of journalism. He purchased the Ohio Eagle^ at Lancaster, and as its editWy held a deep influence over local and State politics. He occupied the position of Clerk of the Ohio Senate, between the years 1885 and 1838, and relinquished his paper. He then represented the counties of Fairfield and Hocking in the Legislature. He was then appointerl Arulitor of State by the General Assembly, in which position he served six years. He then purchased the Phcenix newspaper in Cincinnati, changed its name to the Enquirery placing it in the care of his brother, Charles, -^vhile he opened a law office in the city. His editorials in the Enquirer, and his activity in political affairs, were brilliant and strong. He retired from politics in 1848, sold a half-interest in the Enquirer and carried on a prosperous business, but was brought forward again by leaders of both political parties in 1863, through the Vallandigham contest, and was elected Governor the same year, by a majority of 101,099 votes in a total of 471. G43. He was three times married. His death occurred in 1866 - Charles Anderson serving out his term.

Jacob Dolson Coz, the twenty-sixth Governor, was bom in 1828, in Montreal, Canada, where his purents were temporarily. He beoame m ttodsnt of Oberlin College, Ohio, in 1846, gradnating in 1851, and beginning the praetiee of kw in Wanen in 1852. He was a member of the State Senate in 1859, from the TrnmbnU and Mahoning Districts. He was tetmed a radical. He was a oommissioned Brigadier Gfeneral of Ohio in 1861, and, in 1862, was promoted to Mt^or General for gallantry in batlie. While in the serrioe he was nominated for Governor, and took that position in 1865. He was a member of Grant's Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, but resigned. He went to Congress in 1875, from the Toledo District

Rutherford B. Hayes, the nineteenth President of the United States, and the twenty -seventh Governor of Ohio, was bom at Delaware, Ohio, in 1822. He was a graduate of" Keriyon College in 1842. He began the study of law, and. in 1843, pursued that course in tlie Cambridge University, graduating in 164.3. He began his practice at Fremont. He was married to Miss Lucy Webb in 1852, in Cincinnati, He was Major of the Twenty-third Oliio Volunt^Mir Infantry in 18G1, and in 1862, was promoted to Colonel on account of bravery in the Held, and eventually became Major General. In 1864, he was elected to Congress, and retired from the aerriee. He remained in Congress two terms, and was Gonmor of Ohfe in 1867, being re-eleeled in 1869. He was again deeted in 1875, but resigned in 1877, to aoeept the ofBee of President of the United States, Thomas L. Young acting as Go?emor the remander of the term.

Edward F. Noyes was bom in Haverfail], Mass., in 1882. While a lad of ftorteen, he entered the office of the Morning Star, pnUished at Dover, N. Hi^ in order to learn the business of printing. At the age of eighteen, he entered the academy at Kingston, N. H. He prepared for college, and entered Dartmouth in 1853, graduating with high honors in 1857. He had begun the study of law, and continued tbe course in the Cincinnati Law School, and began to practice in 1858. He was an enthusiast at the opening of the rebellion and was interested in raising the Twentieth Regiment, of which he was made Major. He wa.s promoted to Colonel in 1862. At the conflict at Ruff's Mills, in Georgia, in 18G4, he was so unfortunate a.s to lose a leg. At the time, amputation was necessary, but was unskillfully performed. He was brought to Cincinnati, and the operation was repeated, which nearly cost him hi.H lift-. He reported three months later, to Gen. Hooker for duty, on crutches. He was assigned to command of Camp Dennison. He was promoted to the foil rank of Brigadier General, and while in discharge of his dntj at that place, he was elected Gi^ Solicitor of Cincinnati. He ocenpied the position until 1871, when he was elected Governor, by a majority of 20,000.

William Allen, the twenty-ninth Governor of Ohio, was bom in 1807, in Chowan County, N. 0. While an infant, he was left an orphan, and his sister superintended his education. He was placed in a private school at Lynchburg, Va., at the age of fourteen. Two years later he joined his family at OhilUcothe, and attended the academy a year, when he entered th« Uw office of Bdwud King. Bt&m he vm twenty-five he wee eent to OongNM hj m Btnmg Whig distriet He wee eleeted United Statee Soiator in 1887 and mved inta 1849. In 1845 he manied Effle BieArthiir, who died ioon aftor the hirdi of their dangfiter. In 1878 he was eleeted Governor. Hie adminiitialioii gave geneial aaliifiMtion. He died at hie home at <* Wudt Hill," in 1879.

Richard M. Bishop, the thirty-fink Qoremor of Oliio, was bora Korember 4, 1812, in Fleming Gonnlgr, Ky. For seTeral yean he devoted himadf to mereantile business in his native State. In 1848 he engaged in the wholesale groeery bosiness at Cioeinnati, and subseqnently admitted his three eons partners, under the firm name of R. M. Bishop & Sons. He was a member of the Council of Cincinnati, and in 1859 was its Mayor, holding that office until 1861. In 1877 he was nominated by the Democrats and elected Governor of Ohio.

Charles Foster, the thirty-second Governor of Ohio, was born in Seneca County, Ohio, April 12, 1828. He was educated at the common schools and the academy at Norwalk, Ohio. Engaged in mercantile and banking business at F(»toria, and never held any public office until he was elected to the Fortysecond Congress; was re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, and again to the Forty-fourth Congress as a Republican. In 1879 he was nominated by the Republicans and elected Governor of the State, was re-elected in 1861, and served through both terms winning the esteem of all political parties.

Geoige Hoadly, the thirty-thfad Qoveraor of OUo^ was bom at New Haven, Conn., July 81, 18S6. His parents, George and liary Ann (Woolsey) Hosdly, naniee well known in the ednoational eirdes of Oonneetieat, were intimately oonneeted with the oommeroial and social progrsssof that State. Gov. Hoadly oompleled his edneation at what is now luiown ss Adalbert Oollegs^ of which he is a LL. D., while in 1884 he received the same honor from Yale. In 1844 he entersd the law sdhool of Cambridge, Mass.; in 1846 entered the office of Chase & Ball, Cincinnati, Ohio ; was admitted to the bar in August following ; elected Judge of the Cincinnati Superior Court in 1851, succeeded Judge Gholson on the bench of the present Snperior Court in 1859, and was re-elected in 1864 ; refused a seat on the Supreme bench in 1856 and again in 1862 ; was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention 187S-74, He was nominated by the Democrats for Governor in 1883 and elected.

Ohio has famished a prolific field for antiqaarians and those interested in scientific explorations, either for their own amosement and knowledge^ or lor the records of &ets and formations."

It uvdl known tbat the *<MoimdBiiilden'' had awideflWMpihioiigh this oontine&t» but abfldnte ftots regarding their em have been moat difliciilt to obtain. Knmennui theories and eappoaticHiB hare been advaaoed, yet Uiety an emj^tio eyidenoee that thej have traced the origin and time of this primeval ruce.

Howe?er, thej have left their works behind them, and no exereiBe of fiuth 18 ncceaMry to have confidence in that part of the story. Tliat these works are of human origin is self-evident. Temples and military works have been found which required a considerable degree of scientific skill on the part of thoae early architects and builders.

Evidently the Indians had no knowledge of these works of predecessors, which differed in all respects from those of the red men. An ancient cemetery has been found, covering an area of four acres, which had evidently been laid ' out into lots, from north to south. Nearly 3,000 graves have been discovered, containing bones which at some time must have constituted the framework of , veritable giants, while others are of no unusual size. In 1815, a jaw-bone was . exhumed, containing an ardfieial toodi of ailver.

Moonda and fortifieationa are plentiM in Athena County, some of tiieoa bong of solid stones One, diftiring in the ({uality of atone firom the others, is sappoeed to be a dam acroaa die Hocking. Ovtit a thonaand piecea of atone were used in its ccnatmction. Gop^ rings, braoeteta and omamenta are nvmerons. It is also evident that these people poesessed the knowledge of hardening copper and giving it an edge equal to our steel of to-day.

In the branch fi)rme(l by a branch of the Liddng River and Raccoon Creek, in Licking Coonty, ancient works extend over an area of several miles. Again, three miles northwest of this locality, near the road between Newark and Granville, another field of these relics may be found. On the summit of a high hill is a fortification, formed to represent an alligator. The head and neck includes 32 feet ; the length of the body is 73 feet ; the tail was 105 feet ; from the termini of the fore feet, over the shoulders, the width is 100 feet ; from the termini of the hind fetJt, over the hips, is 02 feet ; its highest point is 7 feet. It is com}x>sed of clay, which must have been conveyed hither, as it is not similar to the clay found in the vicinity.

Near Miamisburg, Montgomery County, are other specimens. Near the village is a mound, equaled in size by very few of these antiquities. It measures 800 feet arovnd the base, and rises to a height of sixty-seven feet Othen are found in Miami Connly, while at Circleville, Pickaway County, no traces remain.

Two £>rt8 have been discovered, one forming an exact square, and the ether deacribbg a circle. The square is flanked by two waUs, on all sides, these being divided by a deep ditch. The cirde has (me wall and no ditch. This is rixty-nine rods in diameter, its walls being twenty feet high. Tlie square fbrt measures fif^-five rods across, with walls twelve feet high. Twelve gateways lead into the aqnare fort, while the drde has bat one, which led to the other, at point where the walls of the two came together. Before each of these entnnoes were mounds of earth, from fi>ar to fire, feet high and nearly forty ibek in diniMter. Bndenfly tbeee were d<wigned Ibr defensee for the openingH^ in eeeee of emergency.

A short distance from Fiketon, the turnpike runs, for several hundred foot, between two parallel artifieial walls of earth, jSfteen leet high, and six rods wpuL hk Soioto Connly, on both sides of the Ohio, ere extensive aneient works.