Bureau County, Illinois - Biographical sketches, 1906 (part 10 of 28)

The father of this family passed away in Princeton, February 17, 1897, and the mother is still living in the county seat at the age of si.xty-seven years.

John F. Cautlman acquired his early education in the common schools, afterward attended the Princeton high school and has spent the most of liis life upon his father's old home farm. He has, however, traveled all over the west and is now the owner of a farm in Oklahoma. He resides, however, upon the old Caufi'man estate, which has never been divided and his attention is given to its further cultivation and improvement. He is accounted one of the enterprising farmers of the community, being practical in all his methods and accomplishing whatever he undertakes.

Mr, Cauft'man was married to Miss Luella Crater, of Bureau county, Illinois, a daughter of John F. Crater, now retired, of Princeton, who came to this country from New Jersey about 1855. Mr. and Mrs. Caufi'man have two children: Bessie, eighteen years of age ; and Zola, aged six years.

Mr. CaufTman exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican party and has served as road commissioner for six years while for a number of years he has been a member of the school board. He was formerly a member of the Masonic fraternity and is now connected with the Knights of Pythias lodge at Wyanet. His wife and daughter are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Cauft'man has a wide acquaintance in the county where almost his entire life has been passed and those who know him and are familiar with his career know that his record is commendable and that he is worthy the esteem which is uniformly accorded him and which makes him a popular citizen.

W.Xpkf.N T. Piper

Warren T. Piper, who is engaged in general farming in Berlin township, has a tract of land of three hundred and one acres which he has ]ilaced under a high state of cultivation and improved with good buildings. The attractiveness of Bureau countv as a place of residence is indicated by the fact that many of her native sons have remained within her borders to enjoy her a<lvantages :iTid the opportunities which slie offered. Among this number i.s Mr. Pijicr, who was born in Selby township, January 13, 184().

His father. Perry H. Piper, was born in Warren county, Ohio, .\ugust 8, 1818, and became a resident of Bureau county in 1837 during the pioneer epoch in its histroy. This was only five years after the close of the Black Hawk war and there were manv traces of Indian residents in this part of the state, while the work of im]provement and development bv the white man had .scarcely hee'i beuuii. He married Harriet Savage, who was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1827, and their family included Warren T. Piper of this review, who was reared upon the home farm, sharing with his father in the labors of field and meadow during the period of his boyhood and youth, in the winter seasons when the work on the farm was practically over for the year he would attend the public scliools and tlius acquired a fair English education.

He married Miss Elizabeth Marlatt, who was born in Warren county, New Jersey, their marriage being celebrated in Princeton, August 31, 1866. Her father, Alpheus Marlatt, was born June 12, 1818, and her mother was a native of Warren county. New Jersey, born January 13, 1834. They were married in that state January 1, 1846, and became the parents of seven children : Elizabeth; William M.; John G.; Sarah F., deceased; Paul G.; Mary E. ; and Charles A. Two of the number are living in Hlinois and the others are residents of Kansas. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Piper was blessed with one son, Charles H. Piper, who was born October 2, 1867, and was married to Clara Jay, whose birth occurred in Bureau county in 1868. They are parents of five sons: Warren J., Sidney C, Charles E., Lyle K. and Perry H.

Mr. Piper of this review belongs to Dauntless lodge, No. 150, K. P.; to Maiden lodge, No. .547, I. 0. 0. F. ; and also to the Rebekah Order. His political support is given to the republican party and he keeps well informed on questions and issues of the day, although he is not an office seeker. In his church relations he is a Methodist and his family are connected with the same denomination. The family home is an attractive residence in Berlin township, situated in the midst of a fine farm of three hundred and one tjcres of Hlinois' rich land. The soil is very productive and is well tilled and the modern improvements which he has made upon the place render this one of the valuable farm properties of the county. The farm is well situated and has been improved with good buildings and in his business affairs Mr. Piper has displayed keen sagacity and strong determination, qualities which lead to success wlieii accompanied by unremitting diligence.

Cornelius Jontz

CORNELIUS JONTZ. Cornelius Jontz, who has departed this life, was one of the early residents of Bureau county, where he settled in 1851. Ho became a well-to-do farmer of Manlius township, where he resided for many years. His birth occurred in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, on the 1st of March. 1838, and he was a son of Henry and Sarah (Wood) Jontz, who were likewise natives of the Keystone state, wlicre they resided until 1851, when they came with their family to the middle west. Henry Jontz first settled in Princeton, wdiere he remained while he looked amund in search of a favorable location. During that time he engaged in teaming, spending three years in Princeton, on the expiration of which period he purchased a farm in Bureau county and turned his attention to general agricultural pursuits. As the years passed he Ijecame very well-to-do, and at the time of his death he owned over four hundred acres of fine land in Bureau township, whereon he resided until his death, which occurred when he was fifty-two years of age. He was a business man of enterprise, who realized the value of earnest, ]iersisto]it labor, and he was not afraid of hard work. Following his demise his wife made her homo among her children and died at the home of her daughter in McLean county, Illinois, at the age of seventy-four years. Four members of their family yet survive, and all reside in Iowa, while one son, George Jontz, was recently killed by a train at Maldon, in this county.

Cornelius Jontz attended the common schools of Pennsylvania in his early boyhood days, and was a youth of thirteen when he accompanied his parents on their removal to Bureau county. Here ho further continued his studies in the select schools of Princeton, where he acquired a good education, and subsequently he assisted his father on the home farm in Bureau township. He also engaged in teaching school for several terms during the winter seasons, but the summer months wore devoted to general agricultural pursuits. In 1861 he made a trip to Pike's Peak and visited that portion of Colorado, spending about a year in the west. Upon his return to Bureau county he purchased land in Bureau township and was engaged in farming there for a few years, after which ho purchased his farm in Manlius township.

Mr. Jontz further completed his arrangements for having a home of his own by his marriage in Princeton to Miss Maria Hewitt, who was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and is a daughter of AVilliam and Roxanna (Metcalf) Hewitt, who were likewise natives of the Buckeye state, whence they removed to this county in 1851. The father purchased a farm in Manlius township, whereon he spent his remaining days, his time and energies being given to general agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in January, 1892. He had long survived his wife, who died in Manlius township in 1874. By their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Jontz became the ])arents of five children: .\lma, now the wife of John Riley, who resides on a small farm near Princeton owned by her mother; liort, who died when only ten days old ; Nettie, who died at the age of twenty-two years; Anna, who has been a school teacher of this county and now ii'sides with her mother in Princeton; and Cornelia, who was also a teacher and is living with hor mother.

he brought under a high state of cultivation. 'J'here, in conncrtiou with tilling the soil, he also engaged in raising stock lor many years, and both departments of ids business proved pn>Htal)le, for he made large sales annually of his erops and liis stock. At length lie dccitleil to give up the hard work of. the farm and retire from business cares, so in February, 1893, he rented his farm and removed to Princeton, where he purchased a residence and five acres of land in the northern part of the city, there making his home in the enjoyment of well earned rest until he was called from this life. lie sutfered from heart trouble for several years, and on the 30th of .laniiary. 1!)05, after giving an order for some groceries in Hamlin's store, lie there fell dead.

He was township assessor in Manlius township for nine years, and also filled the oilices of constable and school director in that township for several years. In politics he was a stanch republican, and took an active interest in the growth and development of the party and in (piestions of the day. He was long accounted a leading farmer of the western part of Bureau county, and was a self-made and successful man, who had many frieiuls in Princeton and all over the county.

Mrs. Jontz and her children hold membership in the English Lutheran church of Princeton. Following her husband's di'alh she resided at her home in the northern part of the town until February 15, l"JO(j, and she still owns that property. On the date mentioned, however, she purchased her present residence, whicli is a commodious and attractive dwelling at Xo. 22-1 Thompson street, where she is now living with her daughters. She also owns a farm of one hundri'd ami sixty acres in Manlius township, which returns to her a good rental, so that the income derived therefrom siip])lies her with many of the comforts and some of the luxuries of life.

Paul J. Smith

PAUL J. SMITH. Paul J. Smith, the present supervisor of Selby township, and who is now serving his third consecutive term in that office from Selby to\vnship, was formerly a supervisor from Hall township, having sc^rved one term from that township. He resides on section 36, Selby township, where he now has a farm of three hundred and eighty acres, wliich is under a high state of cultivation. He was born in La Salle county, Illinois, December 29, 1851, and is the son of William Q. and -Joanna (Quane) Smith, both of whom were natives of Ireland. On coming to the new world, they first located in Canada, wlun-e their marriage was solcmnizf^d, they being but children of ten or twelve years of age when they landed in Canada. From Canada they moved to Buffalo, New York, where for some years they made their home, Williiuri Q. Smith following the lakes, serving first as cabin boy, but working his way up until in command of a vessel. From Buffalo he moved with his family to La Salle county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming and also in operating a stone quarry. Aijout 18t!0 or 1801 the family came to Bureau county, where he secured a large tract of land and became one of the well-to-do farmers of the county. For a time he served as justice of the peace to the satisfaction of his constituents and also served acceptably as school director, being interested in the cause of education. His death occurred in 1893 when about seventy-two years of age. His good wife preceded him to their heavenly home some nine years, dying in 1884, when about lifty-eight years old. They had a family of seven children, of whom our subject and a sister are the only ones now living. William J. was killed in 1874. Frank T. was killed l>y the cars in 1904. John. Joseph and Agnes died in iitfancy. Mary l'",lizabeth resides in Selby township.

The subject of this sketch was but four or live years old when he came with his parents to Bureau county, and here his entire life has since been spent. In the public schools he obtained his education, but the knowledge therein secured has been but the foundation for the practical education since rei-eived in the school of experience. From boyhood he has worked on a farm, and is therefore a thoroughly experienced farmer. This has been his life work, with the exception of four years when he was with the Spring Valley Coal Company.

In 1878 Mr. Smith was united in marriage with Miss Joanna Ilulier, a daughter of Ulrich Iluber, now deceased, his death occurring in May, 1867, when about fifty-nine years of age, at which time he was residing at Depue. Ulrich Huber was born in Bavaria, Germany, where he grew to manhood, and sul>se(iuently served his time in the German army. He came to America in 1848, and for some tiiue resided in the state of New York. He came to Bureau county early in the and for a time worked at his trade of carpenter, and later followed farming. He was married in Bureau county in the fall of 1856 to Miss Barbara Wendler, who also came from Bavaria when a girl. By that union there were five children, of whom four are now living - ["Irich, Simon, Henry T. and Mrs. Joanna Smith, all of whom reside in Selby liiwiiship. After the death of Mr. Hul)cr, Mrs. iluber married John Sheer, by wh(un she had one son, John, Jr., who lives with his mother on the old home farm, north of Depue. Mr. Sheer died in 1901.

To Jlr. and Mrs. Smith nine children have been horn, six daugliters and three sons. Hattie is the wife of J. B. Padcn, of Depue; Lottie is the wife of J. A. Gurnett, superintendent of mines at Sparland, Illinois, for the Devlin Coal (\)mpany ; Myrtle is with the J. H. Goering Company, at Dejiue; Williain J. holds a responsible position

Fraternally Mr. Smith is a member of several societies, including the Modern Woodmen of America, the Catholic Order of Foresters, Heptasophs, Knights of tlie Maccabees, Toilers and Koyal Neighbors. Eeligiously he is a member of the Eoman Catholic church, in which he was reared. Politically he is a democrat, and takes a commendable interest in political aft'airs. He is often honored by his fellow-citizens with local oiBcial positions, and, as already stated, he is serving as a member of the county board of supervisors, a position which he creditably tills, serving on several of the most important committees of the board. Wliile this history is being prepared, in the summer of 190G, he is the nominee of his party for county treasurer, and that he will make a good race goes without saying, his popularity securing him a heavy vote, if not an election. He numbers many friends throughout the entire county, which has been his home for nearly a half century.

Heemas Geay

Hernias Gray was born in Otselic, Chenango county. New York, January 17, 1843. His father, Nathan Gray, was a native of Massachusetts and removed to New York with his parents when a boy. His youth was passed in the Empire state and in 1846, having in the meantime married, he removed with his family to Princeton, where he became a factor in the early business life of the city. He was first a partner of Dt. Converse in the conduct of a drug and general mercantile business. After a few years he closed out his store and formed a partnership with John Dodge in the grocery trade. While thus engaged he became interested in buying and selling land and was well known as a real-estate speculator. When he first came to Bureau county he purchased one thousand acres of laud and ultimately giving up his business in the city settled upon his farm in 1853. With characteristic energy he began its improvements and made it a very valuable property, adding to it all modern accessories and conveniences and bringing the fields under a high state of cultivation. He lived there for forty years or until his death, which occurred in 1892 when he was eighty years of age. He was a man of strong resolute character and figured prominently in business circles, his name being thus inseparably interwoven with the pioneer development and later-day progress of Bureau county.

In his family were the following cluldren: Mrs. Lucy Prindle, a widow, returned to Princeton after her husband's death, which occurred in Washington, D. C, and here she now makes her home. She had three children, but Lucy Sybil and Sidney Gray are now deceased, the only one living being George B. Sidney C. Gray, the oldest son of Nathan Gray, married Eowena E. Eansom, of Galesburg, Illinois, and to them were born five children : Clinton C, who married Hortense Okey, of Bureau county; Julia M., who died in infancy; Myron L. and Sydrowen, also deceased; and Arthur M., who married Clara Lehman, of Columbus, Nebraska. The father and two sons are now conducting a large department store at that place, where they now make their home. Clark Gray, the third in order of birth, married Anna Cushman, of Ehode Island, who died about 1891, and two years later he married Eleanora Martin. Both are now deceased, he having died in Denver, Colorado, about 1903, leaving no children. Hermas Gray is the next of the family. Jay N. Gray, living in Dover township. Bureau county, married Vesta Dodge, of Arlington, this county, and they have four children: Vera E., Jean; Ava and Sidney Jay. Mabel, who completes the family, makes her home with her sister, Mrs. Prindle, in Princeton.

Hernias Gray attended school in Princeton and afterward spent two years in Galesburg (Illinois) Academy. He then returned to Bureau county and the occupation to which he was reared he made his work for twenty-five years. In 1889, however, he retired from the farm and came to Princeton, where he has since lived.

In 1864 Mr. Gray was united in marriage to Miss Lydia Ann Hughes, a daughter of David Hughes, of LTtica, New York, whence he came to Illinois. By this union were born two sons: George Nathan, who died at the age of twenty-eight years; and Elmer, now in charge of the electric light plant at El Paso, Illinois. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gray are now members of the Congregational church, in the work of which thev take an active interest.

Thomas G. Thompson

The rich lands of Bureau county are being well tilled by progressive, enterprising agriculturists, who bring forth from the soil the best that it is capable of producing ami who have thus made for the state the splendid reputation which it bears as one of the most promising and fruitful fanning section of the entire country. Thomas 0. Thompson is an energetic and capable agriculturist, living on sections 35 and 36, Indiantown township.

One of Bureau county's native sons, his life record began on the 24th of February, 1858. His father, Alfred Thompson, came to this portion of the state at an early day. The son was educated in the district schools, also at Tiskilwa and at Henry, Illinois, and started out upon an independent business career when twenty-one years of age. Going to Chicago, he was employed as a motorman on the cable cars for two years, after which he returned to Bureau countv and for a similar period was engaged in the butchering business in Tiskihva. He tlien bought eiglity acres of land near Providence, where Robert Whitakcr now lives, and carried on farming there until 190:^, when he purchased his present farm of two hundred and fifty acres. He has, however, since sold ninety acres, so that the place today comprises one hundred and sixty acres. The land is rich and arable and is kept under a high state of cultivation through the emplojTiicnt of the best processes and methods of modem farming. He is also engaged in the dairy business, keeping ten cows for this purpose, and lie buys and ships cattle and also raises many hogs, giving careful supervision to his business interests in every department and by his capable management and enterprise winning a gratifying measure of success.

Mr. Thompson was married to Miss Lavina Dorr, who was born in Bureau county and is a' daughter of George E. Dorr, who was an early tavern keeper at Shabbona Grove. In his day he was one of the celebrated landlords along the Galena stage route. His birth occurred in Chatham county, New York, and his father was born November 5, 1831. He came to Illinois in 1837 and was one of the first postmasters at Dorr's Hill, holding the position for eight years. He was also justice of the peace for a long period and his opinions were strictly fair and impartial, being based upon equity and the law in the case.

Unto Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have been born four sons and two daughters who are yet living, and they lost one child in infancy. Those who still survive are: Raymond, who is working on gasoline engines in East Jloline, Illinois; Clifford, Louis, Irene, Alfred and Alice, all yet at home. Mr. Thompson is a republican of somewhat independent tendencies and does not consider himself bound by party ties. He has served as school director for twelve years and as constable for several years and no public trust reposed in him has ever been betrayed in the slightest degree. On the contrary he is thoroughly reliable and his efforts in behalf of public progress have been of benefit to his community. He belongs to Tiskihva camp. No. 963, M. W. A., and his home is pleasantly and conveniently located about throe and a half miles .south of the village of Tiskihva.

C. B. J)()!;H. ('. B. Dorr, who follows farming on section 34, Tndinninwn township, on which farm he was born Scptenibor 14, 18fil, is a representative of one of the oldest pioneer families of the countv. His grandfather. Matthew Dorr, located on Dorr Hill and conducted there one of the first postoftices in the state. He arrived in Bureau county in June, 1837, just after the Providence colony was established, at which date there were onlv three houses in Princeton, while but few settlements liad been made within the present borders of the county. Jle bore a substantial part in the early development and reclamation of the county and aided in laying the foun<lation upon which has been built the superstructure of its later progress and improvement. He had a family of twelve children, all of whom became residents of the county with the exception of two, although only one is now living - Phoebe Ann Dorr, of Neponset.

George E. Dorr, son of Matthew Dorr and father of our subject, was born in the state of Xew York in 1821 and in 1837 accompanied his parents on their removal from Syracuse, New York, to this county. His education was largely acquired in the state of his nativity and after his arrival in Illinois he remained with his parents until twentyone years of age, when lie returned to New York and was married, the lady of his choice being Miss Sarah A. Harrison, also a native of that state. Bringing his bride to Illinois, he purchased the farm upon which C. B. Dorr now resides from a Mr. Peters in 1849 and the place has since been in possession of the family. He became the owner of three hundred and fifty-five acres of land and was extensively engaged in the raising of stock. He always kept well informed on the political questions and issues of the day, was the first man in Bureau county to vote the whig ticket an<l afterward became a stalwart republican. He served as supervisor for two terms and was also collector for some time, and his loyal interest in community affairs was manifest by his active and helpful cooperation in many movement.s for the public good. He died in 1890, while his wife passed away in 1900. In the family were five children, of whom four are now living: C. B., of this review; Mrs. P. C. Bacon, who is living in Tiskilwa ; Mrs. T. G. Thompson, of Indiantown townshi]); and Frank, who lives near Los Angeles, California.

In the common schools C. B. Dorr acquired his education and the work of the field claimed his attention when he was not bu.sy with tiie duties of the schoolroom and the pleasures of the playground. He thus gained practical experience in the occupation to which he has given his attention since attaining his majority. He has always lived upon the old homestead and is now the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of land, whereon he carries on general farming and stock-rais'ng. He has a nice place, with gooil buildings, and only a glance is needed to indicate to the passeriiy .something of the progressive and determined spirit of the owner, who in his business affairs is reliable and accurate and nccomplislies what lie undertakes.

Mr. Dorr was united in marriage (o Mis.s l.uelia M. Duncan, a daughter of D. H. Duncan, of Tiskilwa. and they have three children: Bertha M., ten years of age; Marion ,\., six years; and George H., two years. The parents are members of the Congregational church at Providence and this relationship is indicative of the principle.?

which permeate their lives. Politically ilr. Dorr is a republican and has served as .school director but is without aspiration for otBce although he is neglectful of none of the duties of citizenship. His life has been devoted to the farm work in its various branches, and the secret of his prosperity is found in his unreinittinff dili£ence.

John H. Delano

The history of business development in Bureau county would be incomplete without mention of John H. Delano, one of its earliest merchants and most respected business men. He came to Prince- Ion in 1855 and for many years thereafter was a factor in commercial progress, maintaining a high standard of conformity to business ethics and setting an example which might well be followed in age when moral obligations are often to an alarming extent disregarded in the commercial and industrial field.

He was horn in Pittsfield, ilassacluisetts, June 21, 1827, and spent the days of his boyhood and youth in New England, acquiring his education there. Attracted by the discovery of gold in California, he made his way to the Pacific coast in 1852 and remained for three years in the mining districts of that state. While there he became acquainted witii and formed a warm friendship foi the late Cliarles N. Burr, who afterward married Mr. Delano's sister, and they returned to the states together. Their friendship was continued through a correspondence and at length Mr. Delano in 1855 came to Princeton, where he secured employment with .\lfa Burr. The following year he formed a partnership with his former associate and friend, Charles N. Burr, who had also been in the employ of .\lfa Burr, and they bought out that gentleman and engaged in the grocery business. The beginning of tlie enterprise was a modest one. The town was small, the surrounding country sparsely settled and the young merchants had but limited capital. They possessed, however, youth, energy and integrity and these qualities, combined with business tact and capacity, won for them success. The enterprise prospered and the stock was constantly enlarged to meet the growing demands of the trade. The partnership was maintained for eleven years, when in 18G7 Mr. Burr withdrew, Mr. Delano continuing alone in business until 187G, when he admitted his son Clarence to a partnership under the firm name of Delano & Son. The same year they removed to the building in which the business is still carried on and the enterjirise has continually been developed along modern, progressive business lines.

Mr. Delano was also connected with many other enterprises which had direct and important bearing upon the commercial progress and prosperity of the city. He purchased and was tlie owner of tile Princeton Gas Works for many years and spent many thousands of dollars in enlarging the plant, putting in improved mahinery and thus giving to the city an excellent system of lighting. He was also a large stockholder and influential director of the First National Bank and his financial assistance and wise counsel frequently proved an infiuential factor in the control of large enterprises whicli had direct bearing upon the city's growth.

^Ir. Delano was married in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 1850, to Miss Martha M. Bell, who died in Princeton, July 3, 1871, leaving an only son, Clarence H., who is now conducting the business established by his father a half century ago. On the 11th of June, 1874, in Princeton, Mr. Delano was again married, his second wife being Sarah A. Fowler, daugliter of Elias and Mary (Risdon) Fowler, the father a native of Massachu- .setts and the mother of Vermont, where they were married. They arrived in Stark county, Illinois, in 1847. Unto Mr. and ilrs. Delano have been born one child, a daughter, Catherine jVdele, now the wife of Dr. C. C. Barrett, of Princeton.

In his political views Mr. Delano was a democrat, but without aspiration for office, although his aid and co-operation were withheld from no movement for the general good which he could advance as a private citizen. He was deeply interested in tlic welfare of Princeton, was a man of liberal views, sympathetic nature and kindly disposition, and his generous spirit was manifest not only in the aid which he gave to public measures but often to individuals as well. He passed away July 7, 1900, respected and honored by all who knew him, and his nan;e is yet revered by those who were associated with him through the ties of business or of friendsliip.

Howard E. Makutchan

HOWARD E. MAKUTCHAN. Howard E. Makutchan is an active business man of Princeton, but is perhaps better known throughout the state as grand junior warden of the grand encampment of Odd Fellows of Illinois, .\ native of Providence, Bureau county, he was cdiicated in the public schools, and in his youth entered upon an active business career as an employe in a retail clothing store in Buda, this state. He was but fifteen years old when he lu't'ame flerk and assistant bookkeeper in the private bank of J. Berkstrcsser & Son, conducted by the firm in connection with a clothing store, and in 1887 he entered the general store of J. W. Carper, at Buda, as salesman, until 1890, when he accepted the position of cashier in the Buda bank. After three years' service in that position he resigned, .removing to Princeton, where he engaged in the manufacture of vehicles, which he sold to the wholesale trade. For ten years he lias represented inainifacturers, sah'S agents and joliliers of heavy hardware, having as his territory all of Illinois lying north of Springlield. He is deservedly successful in this field of labor, and now commands an extensive patronage, having become well known to the trade in northern Illinois. He is a man of enterprise and unfaltering activity in business, and has gained many friends through his trade relations. In 18!i,j Mr. Makutuhau was elecled alderman from the third ward for two years, and he declined to run again because of his absence from tlie city, his work as a commercial traveler keeping him away through the week days.

Mr. Makutchan is even better known as an Odd Fellow. In 1892 he joined the order, becoming a member of Tonnahika lodge, No. 8'J, later a charter member of Peace lodge. No. 428, of Princeton. Soon afterward he became a member of Bureau encampment, and when Princeton canton was organized he was one of its charter members. In 1003 he was re-elected chief patriarch of his encampment as a result of his report as representative, that Bureau encampment ought and could win both prizes offered by the grand encampment, 1904, and at once entered on a campaign for members that resulted in a gain of fiftyfive for his encampment and helped win for it both prizes otlV'red by the grand encampment. He is a tireless worker, and was instrumental in instituting several new encampments in Illinois each year. lie has passed through all the chairs of the various branches of the order at home and has been a member of the grand encampment and council of the Patriarchs ^Militant for a number of years, in both of which he has served as chairman of some of the important committees, and for several years has served on the staff of the department commander, with rank of major general. x\t Philadelphia, in September, 190.3, he was honored with the grand decoration of chivalry by the Sovereign Grand Lodge. Everlasting energy, an al)undance of enthusiasm and a genial personality are the characteristics of Mr. Makutchan, and his success in all his undertakings is due to these qualities. In the election for grand junior warden at the grand encampment session of 190.5 he was the leading candidate, and opposition to him faded away. Mr. Makutchan also belongs to Bureau lodge. No. 112, .V. F. & \. M., at Princeton, besides other orders, and is a firm believer in the priiui|ilcs which these leading orders present.

Evelyn P. Edwakds

EVELYN P. EDWAKDS. Evelyn P. Edwards, a farmer, of La Moille township, was born in Livingston county. New York, February 9, 1830. His father, Timothy Edwards, was married February 22, 1826, to Catharine Clapp, who was born in 1801. Thev came to Bureau county, Illinois, in 1839, and as the years passed by five children were added to their family, of whom three are m.w living, namely: Mrs. Laura E. Childs, Evelyn P. Edwards and Mrs. Maria Perley.

Evelyn P. Edwards spent the first nine years of his life in the state of his nativity, and then accompanied his parents on their removal to Bureau county, so that he is one of the pioneer settlers here, having for almost seven decades been a witness of the changes which have occurred as the work of growth and improvement has been carried forward. He shared with the family in the hardships and privations of pioneer life, and aided in converting a new farm into richly productive fields. Having arrived at years of maturity he was married in this county on the 24th <>i October, 1859, to Miss Pamela C. Wells, who was bom June 16, 1840. They became the parents of one son, Charles C, who was born July 4, 1864, and now aids in the operation of the home farm.

The family residence stands in the midst of a rich tract of land of eighty acres, with beautiful driveways leading up to the house. There are fine shade trees, a well-kept lawn and lovely flowers and shrubs, all combining to make this an attractive rural residence. The presence of many papers and periodicals also indicate the cultured taste of the innnites of the home, and there is every evidence of learning and progress here. The farm is well cared for in every particular and the fields bring forth rich harvests.

In his political views Mr. Edwards is a prohibitionist, adhering to the principles of the party l)ecause of his Christian viewpoint. He holds membership in no church, but is a firm believer in the Bible, and his wife and son are affiliated with the Congregational church. His life is upright and honorable and has won for him the trust, confidence and good will of all with whom he has eonie in contact.

Charles Tomlinson

The farming interests of Bureau county find a worthy representative in Charles Tomlinson. who resides at Mineral. His birth occurred in Michigan City, Ija Porte county, Indiana, November 28, 1836, his parents being John and Hannah (Croupe) Tomlinson. who were natives of Pennsylvania, where their marriage was celebrated. The mother was of Hutch lineage. Kemoving from Penn.sylvania to Michigan City, the father there carried on business as a carpenter and farmer and became recognized as one of the leading mechanics of that place. He retained his residence in La Porte county until called to his final home, but his wife died in the Allegheny mountains while returning from a visit to the east.

No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for Charles Tondinson in his boyhood and youth. He acquired a good comiiion School education, and, when not busy with his text-books, worked in the fields until he reached the age of eighteen years, when ho started out in life on his own account, earning a living by working as a fai-m hand by the month. His father had entered and purchased land in Henry county, Illinois, to which Charles Tomlinson made several trips, and he located there on attaining his majority, for several years operating land of his own in that county. It was in 188!) that he took up his abode upon his present farm, containing two hundred and seventy-nine acres of rich and arable land. Some of this he has sold off in town lots as an addition to Mineral, while the remainder of the fai-m is under a high state of cultivation and presents in its neat and thrifty api)ea ranee conclusive proof of the enterprise and progressive spirit of the owner.

Mr. Tomlinson has been married twice. While living in Henry county he wedded Miss Anna A\'. Van Winkle, by whom he had two children: Clara M., now the wife of Elmer C. Holbrook, a traveling man residing near Kansas City. Kansas, and Merta L., the wife of Alexander Holbrook, a resident farmer of Oregon. On the 29th of June, 1892, Mr. Tomlinson wedded ^Miss Mary Steele, of Mineral, who was born in Ashtabula county. Ohio, in 1850, and is a daughter of Edwin and Maria (Wicks) Steele. She was provided with a good conunon-school education in her iiati\e state, and when nineteen years of age came to Illinois.

Mr. Tomlinson belongs to the Odd Fellows' lodge at Sheffield, and in his political views has been a stalwart republican since casting his first presidential ballot for Lincoln in 18G0. The honors and emoluments of office, however, have liad no attraction for him, as his time has been fully occupied by his business interests and cares. In addition to general farming ho has engaged extensively in the manufacture of cider, and his intense and well-directed activity has constituted the basis of a very desirable and gratifying prosperity.

William 11. Hawthorne, a lawyer, of Spring Valley, with a practice that embraces extended connection with important litigated interests in the courts of Bureau, La Salle and Putnam counties, was born at Dearham, Cumberland county, England, October 11, 1867, his parents being Hughston and .\nne (Trophier) Hawthorne, who were likewise natives of the same country. He came with the family of an uncle, Jaines Hawthorne, to the United States in August, 1880. Then a youth of thirteen years, he acquired liis early education in the schools of his native country and continued his studies in Streator, 111. He has resided in Spring Valley since the establishment of the town, in lS8,j, and has been prominently, actively and helpfully associated with its interests and of eastern Bureau county as well for the past fifteen years. He acquired his professional knowledge by following a private course of study, and, entering upon the practice of his profession, he now enjoys a large and growing clientage in the courts of Ikireau, La Salle and Putnam counties, having already gained high reputation for the correct solution of intricate legal problems.

Calvin Z. Chase

Calvin Z. Chase, a representative and highly respected farmer and stock raiser of Bureau county, is now largely devoting his time and energies to the raising of shorthorn L)urham cattle, Poland China hogs and Clydesdale horses. He was one of Macon township's native sons, born July 2t), 18G(). His parents were Charles M. and Emily (Low) Chase. The Chase family is originally of French origin, but representatives of the name removed to England at an early day, and, during the stormy days that followed the accession of the House of Stuart, they came to this country, arriving about the time the Pilgrims lauded at Pl3'mouth Rock. Representatives of the name served in the Revolutionary war. Two were in the battle of Bunker Hill, and were not heard from afterward. Late in 1824 two of the ancestors of Charles M. Chase were appointed escorts of General La F^ayette on his visit to America, and afterward visited France. A cousin of Mrs. Celia B. Chase, grandmother of our subject, had the contract for the building of Bunker Hill monument. Colonel uhase, the grandfather, was a master lumberman, and for twenty-eight years did not fail to bring down the river each spring rafts of lumber. He was also a member of the state legislature, and won his title by serving as coloni'l in the state militia. At the beginning of the Mexican war he was offered a commission as colonel by the war department at Washington, but declined on account of business interests. He married Celia B. Pitts, who had twin brothers who were inventors and mantifacttirers of the Pitts threshing machine, with establislunents at Butfal() and Chicago.

Charles M. Chase, the father, was ijorn in Fairlield, Somerset county, Maine, December 14, 1829, and amid the rugged scones of far-away New England spent his early boyhood days. He was the eldest of the six children of Colonel Charles and Celia B. (Pitts) Chase, both of whom were natives of the Pine Tree state. Of their family a son. Calvin, and a daughter, Mary, died in infancy, while the others reached years of maturity and survived the parents, who passed awav a number of years ago, the mother's death occurring in 1871 and the father's in 1879. Since the latter date two sons, George Chase and Sullivan Chase, have passed away, and since the death of ('harks .M

Chase, father of our sul)jeet, his sister, Mrs. J. H. Clark, has also departed this life, so that there are no living representatives of that generation.

Charles M. Chase remained in the place of his nativity until he attained his majority, when he decided to seek a fortune in the gold fields of the far west. He made the trip from JIaine to California by way of the isthmus of Panama, and, with a cousin, spent two years as a gold miner, meeting with a very gratifying measure of success, while souvenirs of his sojourn in California are still treasured in his home. He returned to Maine for a visit, and in 1S53 came to Illinois to join his father's family, who in the meantime had located here. In the winter season he went with others to Wisconsin to engage in lumbering, making his way to Black Kiver Falls, where he was employed in thi' lumber woods until 1855. He then returned to Maine, and on the 18th of December, 1S.")5, in Clinton, that state, was married to Miss Emily Low. With his bride be at once returned to the middle west, arriving in Bureau county on New Year's Ui-irning of 185G. A home was then established that endured for nearly fifty yeare. Mr. Chase purchased one hundred and twenty acres of land in Macon township and began the development of a fanu, whereon in 1870 he erected a line residi'Uce. He carried on the tilling of the soil and stock-raising, and he later added to his land until he had about three hundred and lifty acres at one time. He also bought and fed cattle quite extensively and made large shipments. He was interested in all that pertained to the welfare and progress of his community, and served as school director for a numlier of years. He was also a consistent and helpful member of the I'nion church, and was a prominent Mason, belonging to Buda loilge. A., F. and A. M.; Princeton chapter, P. A. M., and Princeton commandery, K. T. His political allegiance was given to the republican party. He died January 15, 1905, and his death was the occasion of deep regret among his many friends. He was characterized by his acquaintances of many years as the "best neighbor we ever had." His sympathies were broad enough to take in nuire than the family circle, aiul he wrought for the good of the community in addition to providing for the comfort and happiness of those at his own fireside. In his fuiu'ral service his pastor, Pev. Van lloesen, .said: '"Charles Chase would not care for an eulogy of words. He would willingly accept the judgment of fainily and friends who knew him longest and best. For us liis life henceforth is but a memory. But that is quite enough, so long as it is the memory of a faithful husband, a kind father, a generous friend and a good citizen." Many Masons and Sir Knights from Buda and neighboring towns were in attendance, and an appropriate Masonic service was conducted at I be grave when were laid to rest the mortal remains

Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Chase were the parents of four children: Frank L., born January 17, 1857; James M., who was born September (J, 1858, and died December 18, 180!); Charles S., who was born July G, 1860, and died October 24, liS99 ; and Calvin Z., of this review.

The last surviving member of the family of Colonel Charles Chase was Mrs. James H. Clark, who was born in Fairfield, Somerset county, Maine, J'ebruarv 6, 1839, and is a representative in both the paternal and maternal lines of old families of New England. Celia Maria Chase lived in Maine until aiiout thirteen years of age, when she came west with her pareiils to Illinois in 1852, the family home being established near Buda. The journey was made by way of the lakes and rivers, and, leaving the Illinois river at a point nearest thi'ir destination, they came by team to Buda, although the town did not e.xist at that time, there being only a few farm houses scattered alon<' the state road. The daughter remained at home until her marriage, April 17, 1877, to James H. Clark, and some years later they removed to the village of Buda. She was most devoted to her home and family, and one who knew her well said : "She was unselfish in a marked degree, denying herself comforts and pleasures that others might be benefited thereljy. She was in touch with nature, and dearly loved the birds, the trees and the flowers. Her first years were spent on the banks of the Kennebec river, and the beauty of her surroundings lingered with her all her life as an inspiration. She was a woman of unusual inielligeiu-e. having clearly defined opinions on all (piestions of the day, yet she held her opinions graciouslv and was generous of her l-mowledge to those who would learn. On the greatest id' all themes, that which relates to our highest and holiest duties, she held definite views, and in her life endeavored to follow God's i)recepts and rejoiced in the progress of His Kingdom."

Calvin Z. Chase, whose name introduces this record, was educated in the [lublic schools of this county and in the high school at Stillwater, Minnesota, and when his education was complete<l he engaged in business as a partner with his father, turning his attention to general farming and stockraising. He has thus been engaged throughout his entire life, and is well known as a breeder of shorthorn Durham cattle. Poland China hogs and Clydesdale horses. He has always raiseil a good grade of stock, and his business interests, being carefullv conducted, have proved ])rosperous.

On the 9th of March, 1892, Mr. Chase was married to Miss Alice N. Currier, who was born in Fowa, JIarch 14, 1809, a (huighter of .\sa ami Mary (King) Ciirrii'r. Her father was born in \'erinont, June 5. 1S21, and her mother in Ohio. N'ov(Mnl)er 29, is;?(i. They were married in Illinois, and Mr. Currier followed farming in \epon- set townsliip, after wliieh he removed to Kansas, where for eleven years he engaged in farming and stock-raising. His political support was given to the republican party. He died in Neponset, January 4, 1885, while his wife passed away in Kansas, December 3, 1881. In their family were iive children, but only two are now living, the younger being Mrs. Chase, while her surviving brother is James F. Currier, who lives in Kewanee.

Mr. and Mrs. Chase have two sons: Clarence C, born March 21, 1893, and Earl F., born July .3, 1897. The parents occupy an enviable position in public regard, and Mr. Chase is accounted one of the foremost agriculturists of his community. He has spent almost his entire life in this locality, and his record is therefore well known to our readers. He is regarded as an enterprising, active business man, who accomplishes what he undertakes and is reliable in all of his business transactions.

Frederick C. Metcalf is one of the venerable citizens of Bureau county, having attained the age of eighty-four years. He is also one of the oldest pioneer residents of the county, having made his home within its borders since 1843. Few men have as intimate a knowledge of the events which have shaped its history and molded its policy, and he has been connected with its growth, progress and development along various lines, whereby he early became recognized as one of the valued and representative residents of this part of the state.

A native of Vermont, he was born in Williamstown on the 14th of November, 1822, and there spent the days of his boyhood and youth. No event of special im])ortance occurred to vary the routine of life for him during that period. He was early trained to habits of industry and economy, and he acquired a fair common-school education for those days. In the year 1843 he came westward to Illinois, thinking to enjoy better business opportunities in a frontier district which was being opened up to civilization. Accordingly lie took up his abode in Bureau county, where he has since resided, giving his time and energies to farm work, with the result that he transformed a tract of wild land into rich and productive fields, from which he for many years annually gathered good harvests. Farming was his life work, and in this he continued until he reaclu'd the evening of life, when he retired from active business cares.

On the 13th of November, IS.")!, Frederick C. Metcalf was united in marriage in Pennsylvania to Sarah Ann Hubbard, a native of the Keystone state. For many years they traveled life's journey together, but were separated by the death of" the wife on the 28th of December, 1!)05. She had been to him a faitbfid companion and helpmate on life's journey, and unto them had 1 born a family of seven children, of whom fo are yet living, namely: Hattie, Rodolpho, Nevada, Buena Vista, Benjamin F., May Belle anl one who died in infancy.

Throughout his active business career Mr. Me> calf continued to engage in farming and stocdraising, save for the period which he spent in tht far west. In 1849, attracted by the discovery of gold in California, he made the long and arduous trip across the plains, where were seen large herds of buffalo, now almost extinct. He traveled on over the long stretches of hot sand and through the mountain passes, meeting the usual experiences of those who journeyed from the east to the Pacific coast, hoping to realize a fortune in the mines. Returning to Bureau county, he resumed agricultural interests, and in course of time brought his farm under a high state of cultivation. Stock-raising, too, was an important branch of his business, and his interests were carefully conducted and brought to him a goodly measure of success.

His memory forms a connecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present. He remcm1)ers when much of the land here was still unreclaimed and when the work of civilization had scarcely been Ijegun. The now thriving towns and cities were then little villages or hamlets or perhaps had not yet sprung into existence, but Mr. Metcalf and other pioneers came to claim the region for the purposes of civilization, and they laid the foundation upon which has been builded the present prosperity and progress of the county. Mr. Metcalf is now one of its most venerable citizens, and has ever so lived as to command the respect and good will of those with whom he is associated. He well deserves mention in this volume, and, in fact, no history of the eounty would be complete without mention of this worthy pioneer, who for more than six dei'ades has resided within its borders.

LOUIS L. WICKERSHAM, M. D. Dr. Louis L. Wickersham, successfully engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery along scientific lines, his home being in Maiden, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 11, 1859. His father, Thomas Wickersham, was also a native of Ohio, born near Wilmington, and was a Friend or Quaker in religious faith. In 1827' he became a resident of Cincinnati, where he lived for many years, after which he removed to Illinois, spending the last years of his life in Chicago. He was an artist of more than local repute. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Rachel Harriet Hopkins, was born in Covington, Kentucky, in 1828, and they became the parents of five sons and three daughters: Charles, Harry R.. William A., Louis L., Nellie, Jennie M. and Jessie B., twins, the latter now deceased, and Thomas H. All became residents of Illinois with the exception of the eldest son, who is now living upon a farm in the state of Washinjfton.

Dr. WicKcrsham spent the tirst five years of his life in his native cit}'. and was then broui^ht liy his parents to Illinois upon their removal to Bureau county in 18G4. His more specifically literary education was acquired in the public schools of Bureau county and through attendance at the niglit schools in Chicago for several years. His professional training was received in Rush Medical College, whereby he was well qualified for the onerous duties of the profession which he has inaile his life work. He has now been practicing in Maiden for eleven years with constantly growing success, and is accorded a position of prominence by the medical fraternity as well as the general public, for he has kept in touch with the onward march of the profession and is an able physician, rarely, if ever, at fault in the diagnosis of a case. He also conducts a drug store, which is a profitable investment.

On the 3d of July, 1S94. in Chicago, Dr. Wickersham was united in marriage to Miss Nettie B. Holbrook, who was born in La Moille, Illinois, January 22, 1870. Her father, Myron Holbrook, was also a native of La Moille, born May 39, 1845, and having arrived at years of maturity was married there on the 29th "of February, 18(58, to Miss Caroline Chaddock. who was born in Mount Pleasant, Ohio, January 9, 1849. Their children were Xettie B., Dora B. and Clyde C. The marriage of Dr. and Mrs. Wickersham has been blessed with two children: Kate W., born January 15, 189G, and IJaymond IT., liorn January 8, 1899.

Dr. AVickersham is a meiid)er of Dauntless lodge, Xo. 150, K. P., and his political allegiance is given to the republican party, while his religious faith and that of his family is indicated by their membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. They occupy a prominent and enviable position in social circles in Maiden, and the lios])itality of their own pleasant home is greatly enjoyed by their many friends. The Doctor concentrates his energies upon his professional service, and is neglectful of no duty devolving upon him in this connection. By reading and investigation he is continually promoting his efficiency, and his success as a practitioner is well merited.

WALLACE E. EDDY, D. D. S. Dr. Wallace E. Eddy, actively engaged in the practice of dentistry in La Moille, with a large patronage, indicative of the trust and confidence reposed in liis j)rofessionaI skill by his fellowtownsmen, was born in Clarion township, Bureau county, Illinois, July 31, 18(;i, his parents being Sheldon P. and Mary A. Eddy, both natives of the Empire stat(!. When ten years of age the father became a resident of Lee county, Illinois, and in 1852 came to Bureau county. The mother in her early girlhood days went to Lee county and subsequently removed to this county, where their marriage was celebrated. The father is still living, and is a retired farmer, making his home with his son. Dr. Eddy, but the mother passed away January 9, 1899." Their son, Irving K. Eddy, was a soldier of the Spanish-American war, and died of pernicious malaria at Utauado, Porto Rico. He was a member of Company K of the Si.xth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Captain A. T. Tourtillott, and went on the expedition under General Miles to Porto Rico, where he died August 25, 1898.

Dr. Eddy pursued his early education in the district schools of Clarion township, and at the age of fourteen years accompanied his parents on their removal to Lee county, where he continued as a district-school student tintil he enten^d the high school at La Moille. His more specifically literary education being completed, he afterward went to South Dakota, and was engaged in farming in Gerald county for nine years. On the expiration of that period he went to Preston, Minnesota, and for a year was an assistant in the office of Henry Jones, D. D. S. Becoming imbued with the desire to make the practice of dentistry his life work, he then entered the dental department of the State University of Iowa, where he renuiined for one term. He spent two terms as a student in the Chicago College of Dental Surgery and was graduated on the 2d of April, 1895, at which time the degree of D. D. S. was conferred upon him. The same year he received his license to practice from the state board of dental examiners of Illinois, and since that time he has lieen engaged in the practice of dentistry in La Moille. The consensus of public opinion is altogether favorable regarding his ability and his devotion to his professional duties. He keeps in touch with the most modem and progressive ideas concerning dental surgery, and he is partic-ularly ardent in his opposition to extracting teeth that can be preserved for future usefulness. He always urges the best care of the teeth, although he may lose some practice that might be obtained if his patients were neglectful in this regard, and it is only in extreme eases that he will ever resort to extraction. His work has given uniform .satisfaction, and his practice has thereby steadily grown. He now has a finely equipjieil oHice, supplied with the latest improved dental instruments, and in his prol'essi<iii is nu'cting with excellent success.

On the 14th of February, 1891. Dr. Eddy was married to Miss Laura IT. .Vngier, a daughter of .Vmbrose and .Anna (Barrett) .\ngier, who were natives of Lee county, Illinois, and are farming peoi)le, still actively engaged in agricidtural ])ursuits. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Eddy liave been born four children: Vera Isyl, Imo Rita, Edna Ger- trude and \'orn Irviug. The family occupy a prominent position in social circles, and the hospitality of their own pleasant home is greatly enjoyed by their many friends.

John N. Clark, who resides on section 23, Selby township, owning and operating a tine farm of forty-two acres, is a native of Bureau county, born in Selby township, in February, 1844. He is the son of Robert and Catherine (Markle) Clark, natives of Indiana and Virginia, respectively, but who w-ere numbered among the early settlers of Bureau county. Robert Clark, on coming to Bureau county, purchased a good farm, which he operated practically until his death, in 1864, at the age of fifty-seven years. His widow later married Elisha Kuhl, and moved with him to Walnut township. Bureau county, where her death occurred December 8, 1879, aged si.xty-three years. To Robert and Catherine Clark eight children were born, two of whom died in infancy, and of four are now living : John N., the subject of this sketch; Benjamin F., a farmer, of Bureau county; Thomas J. and Mrs. Harriet Wolf, of Walnut township. The deceased are Mrs. Rhoda J. Carl, Mrs. Margaret Sample, Phoebe and Ellen. The two last named died when quite voung. Robert l_.lark and wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which the}' took a commendable interest. For some years he served as school director. He was a man greatly esteemed wherever known.

.John X. Clark grew to numhood in his native county and attended the early schools. At an early age he was set to work, and soon learned what it was to be numbered among the toilers and the breadwinners for the family. He became a practical farmer, and has lived on his present fai'm for the past thirty years.

In 1868 Mr. Clark and Miss Harriet Reynolds were united in marriage. She is a native of Montgomery county, Ohio, born August 16, 1850, and is the daugliter of James and Margaret (Miller) Refolds, who came to Bureau county in 18.55 and located in Selby towushi]), where he purchased a farm and engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, December 22, 18T!), at the age of si.xtythree years. His wife survived liim but a few months, her death occurring April 10, 1880, at the age of sixty-two years. They were the parents of twelve children, of whom three died in infancy. Isaac is now residing in Richardson county, Nebraska; William is in Cass county, Iowa; Hugh is of ] jaw ton, Oklahoma ; David was a member of the Ninety-third Jilinois Yoliiuteer Infantry and was taken prisoner at Florence, North Carolina, and later died at Annapolis, Maryland; Robert served in the Fiftv-seventh Illinois Volunteer

Infantry and died soon after the close of the war at Miami, Ohio; Martha married James Searle and died in June, 1868 ; Massie married C. A. Sargent and died in 1894 : Jane married Marton Afton, of Wyanet. Bureau county. Those dying in infancy were John, Mary and Elizabeth. Mrs. Clark was about five years old when the family came to Bureau county, and here her entire life has since been spent. She is the mother of six children. Lillie S. married Frank White, and resides near Lewis, Iowa. Emma F. married Eben Meyers, and resides in Bureau count}'. George J., Alta E., Blanche Varner and Bertha Violet reside at home.

Politically Mr. Clark is a republican, with w'hich party he has been identified since attaining his majority. For over twenty-five years he has served as school director, having an interest in the cause of education. He and his wife are members of the Congregational church of Depue. Both are well known and highly respected in the comniunit}' which has l)een their home for more than half a century.

Alba L. Miller

Alba L. Miller, a farmer, engaged extensively in stock-raising, makes his home in Leepertown township. He is one of the most extensive landowners of the county, his possessions aggregating sixteen hundred acres, in addition to which he operates and handles twelve hundred acres of land belonging to his mother and four hundred acres belonging to his sister. A most prominent represi'utative of the agricultural life of this part of the state, he displays in the control of large landed and fanning interests splendid business ability and executive force.

One of Bureau county's native sons, he was born August 25, 18T3, his parents being David S. and Caroline (Mairty) Miller, the latter now a resident of Colorado Springs. The father was born in Ohio, January 25, 1825, and came to this county in 1845, his death here occurring on the 6th of April, 1901. He started out in life jiractically empty-handed, but he possessed a resolute spirit and willling hands. As time passed he eagerly availed himself of the opportunities that oifercd, and, nuiking investments in real estate from tinu' to time, at length became the owner of extensive acreage. He largely made his money in the cattle business, in which lie was very successful, and which claimed his attention througliout his entire life. He never desired or accepted political oflice, but concentrated his energies upon Ids business all'airs. Since 1901 Mrs. Miller has traveled extensively, and for the past three years has made her home in Colorado Springs.

Nancy Sailor, whose husband is a farnuT and stockman, of Kiowa, Kansas; H. \V., a stockman, of Herndon, Iowa; Mrs. Maria Borop, of Jamaica, Iowa, whose liusband is extensively engaged in dealing in stock; Florence, the wife of Fred Forbeck, a leading stockman and large landowner, of Arispie township : Fred N.. who is engaged in the stock business at Saiul Point, Idaho : Mrs. \V. C. Anderson, of Colorado Springs: .'\li)a Ij., of this review; Jlrs. Henry Corbett, who died at Tueson, .\rizona : and Klva. who is with her mother at Colorauo Springs.

Alba L. Miller was reared in Bureau county, and supplemented his early education, acquired in the public schools, l»y study in the Xorinal School at Dixon, Illinois. Throughout his active business career he has been identified with farming and live stock interests, and is operating most extensively along these lines, being one of the largest landowners of Leepertowu township, wliere he owns sixteen hundred acres. He gives to this his personal supervision, and is also in control of twelve hundred acres Ix'longing to his mother and four hundred acres to his sister. His judgment in business matters is rarely if ever at fault, and his keen discrimination and enterprise constitute the strong elements in the success which is now attending him.

Mr. Miller was married to Miss Julia L. Grain, who was l)orn in Iowa, liut has been a resident of Bureau county from her childhood. By her marriage she became the mother of two children, but one died in infancy. The living son, Oliver David, was born October 8, 1899, and is therefore seven years of age. Mr. Miller exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican |)arty, but is without desire for office, yet he is not neglectful of the duties of citizenship, but, on the contrary, gives active support to those movements and measures which are deemed beneficial to the general welfare.

William K. Mason

WILLIAM K. MASON. William K. Mason, a representative of a pioneer family that was estai)lished in Bureau county in 1840, was born in Macon township, September 35, 1856. His paternal grandfather, John Mason, came from New England to Illinois in 1835, bringing with him his family, consisting of wife and five children, four sons and one daughter. He located in Tazewell county, or that f)art of it which is now within the borders of Woodford county. Ho secured a government claim at Metamora, then the county seat, and aided in reclaiming a wild tract of land for the purposes of civilization. In 1840 he removed with his family to Bureau county, settling at what was then called Flench Grove, but which is today the village of Buda. The latter town was established on land foraierlv owned bv John Mason.

The eldest of his children was William Jl. Mason, father of our subject, who was born in Pittstield, New Hampshire, August 13, 1821. He was married there lo Miss Mehitable Kainie, whose birth occurred in Chichester, New Hampshire, March 21, 1819. In the year 1835 he came with his parents to Illinois, and after living for five years in Tazewell county removed to Bureau county in 184U. William H. .Mason locMte<l at Sugar Grove, in Macon townshi]), where he liuill a log house in the midst of the wilderness. Land at that time was worth only a dollar and a quarter per acre, and he invested in one huiulred and sixty Jicres on section ti, while subse(iuently he added II tract of one hundred and fifteen acres. He was one of the early pioneers of the locality, and aided in subduing the wilderness ami extending the frontier. In his boyhood days he learned the brickmaker's trade and followed that pursuit in early manhood in addition to his farming operations. The arduous task of cultivating and developing land was ably performed by liim. and in the course of years, the once wild prairie having been converted into rich fields, was returning to him abundant harvests. He was also active and helpful in public affairs, was one of the organizers of Macon township, and served as the first township clerk. He was also one of the organizers of the old Union church at Buda. and ever contributed generously to its support and did all in his power to promote its growth. His early political allegiance was given to the whig party, and following its dissolution he joined the ranks of the new republican party, which he continued to support until his death, on the 11th of October, 1899. He had for about thirteen years survived his wife, who died on the 14th of October. 18Sii.

William K. Mason, their luily child, was cduealed in the public schools, and through his entire life has been connected with general agriculiiiial pursuits, finding in his farming operations a profitable source of income. He was married on the 23d of Decendjer, 1886, to Miss May Fuller, who was born in Buda, May 15, 1860, a daughter of Dr. George II. and Hannah (Hoyt) Fuller. Her father's birth occurred in Plainlield, New Ilamp- .shire, May 14. 1833, and in Lebanon, New Hampshire, on the 12th of April, 185!), he married Miss' Hannah Hoyt, whose birth occurred in Craftsbury, Vermont, April 24, 1836. Dr. Fuller was graduated in medicine in Cincinjuiti, Ohio, in 1857, and the following year located for practice in Buda, where he spi>nt his renuiining days, recognized as one of tlie capable and successful physicians of that part of the county. He was accorded a liberal patronage, and his labors were of much benefit to his felfow men in checking the ravages of disease and restoring health. Prominent in Masonry, he held membership in Buda lodge. A., F. and .\. M., and also took the Boyal .\rch degrees. He becanu' connected with the craft in Illinois and was alwavs loval to its tenets. In politics he was a republican, and was a man highly esteemed wherever known. He died in Buda, August 1, 1893, and is now survived by his widow, who is living with Mr. and Mrs. Mason, the latter being her only daughter and elder child. The sou of the family, James R. Fuller, now a resident of Beardstown, married Miss Barbara Ammott, and has been a government engineer since 1890.

Since his marriage Mr. Mason has continuously followed farming on his own account, and is now successfully engaged in the cultivation of one hundred and fifty acres of the old homestead property, which he has brought under a high state of cultivation, so that the fields annually return him gratifying harvests and make his success a very desirable one. He has served as supervisor of Macon township, and he gives his political allegiance to the republican party, keeping well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He belongs to Buda lodge, No. 575, I. 0. 0. F., of which he has been noble grand, passing through all of the chairs of the order. The name of Mason has been closely and honorably associated with the history of the county since its early pioneer times, and the work of improvement and progress which was instituted by his grandfather and carried forward by his father has been continued by him. He is accounted one of the leading agriculturists of the community, and in citizenship his aid is a factor for general improvement and upbuilding.

James Crownover

James Crownover, deceased, was a pioneer resident of Princeton and of Bureau county, arriving here in 1851. lie became a factor in commercial circles, engaging in the grocery business for a few years, after which he withdrew from that line of business activity and took up his abode upon a farm in Wyanet township.

A native of Pennsylvania, Mr. Crownover was born in Lycoming county, November 16, 1826. The family name was originally spelled Covenhovcn and early representatives of the family came ' from Holland to America in 1G30, settling in the Keystone state, where several of the name participated in the Indian wars in that section at an early day. The grandfather, Robert Covenhoven, was a noted guide in the Susquehanna valley during the Hevolutionary war and a monument, erected to his luciiinry, now stands in tlic conimons at NorthumbcriiitKl. I'cmisylvaiiia. 'I'lie name has been variously spelled Conover and Crownover. All of the early l)rancbes of the family were residents of rcnnsylviniiii, inil in Inter years the younger generations iiavc scuttercil to various parts of the I'nion. James Crownover, father of our subject, always made his home in the Keystone state, whore he engaged in fanning. Hotb \iv and his wife died in Pennsylvania. Only two of their children are now living, namely: Mrs. Skinkle, who resides in Dorchester, Nebraska; and Mrs. Peasley, living in Bnrlinyton. Iowa.

James Crownover acquired a good education in the common schools of Pennsylvania and afterward continued his studies in Knox College at Galesburg, Illinois. It was in his boyhood days that he left his native state and went to White Pigeon, Michigan, where he was employed in various ways for a few years. He then removed to Burlington, Iowa, and was engaged in farming near that city for a short period, after which he became a resident of Peru, Illinois, where he entered the employ of his brother-in-law, Mr. Skinkle, in the establishment and conduct of a dry-goods Ijusiness. They were merchants of that city for a few years, at the end of which time Mr. Crownover came to Princeton and opened a grocery store, having a good business on Main street, where he remained actively in trade for twelve years. Selling out on the expiration of that period, he purchased a farm in Wyanet township. In commercial circles he had made an enviable name and had secured a liberal patronage by his straightforward methods, his reasonable prices and his earnest desire to please his customers. When he began farming he purchased the old Allen place in Wyanet township and there carried on general agricultural pursuits for eighteen years, after which he removed to Princeton, where he lived retired for six years. He then returned to Wyanet township, where he purchased what is known as the old Daniels farm and to its further development and improvement he directed his energies until his death.

In the early years of his residence in Princeton James Crownover was married to Miss Martha J. Davis, a daughter of Isaac and Phoebe (Gray) Davis, who came to this county about 1855 and settled near Peru, where the father engaged in farming for several years. Selling his land there Mr. Davis afterward took up his abode in Princeton, where he was engaged in the furniture business for three years. He then went to Grinnell, Iowa, where some of his children lived, and both he and his wife spent their last days in that city. Some of tlieir family are still living in Grinnell; Jlrs. John (iDiidfcllinv and Harrison I. Davis, who was first licnlcnanl of Company K, Xinety-third Regiment of Illinois during the Civil war. Unto Mr. and ilrs. Crownover were liom seven children: William ()., who married Laura Ross, of Princeton, and now resides on a ])art of the old homestead farm in \\\iinet (ew nshi|i ; John D., who is also engaged in farming in Wyanet township; May, likewise living on the farm; James, now residing in Kansas : Charles, a resident farmer of Wyanet township; Arthur, who was killed by a train on tlie home farm in Wyanet township, August 23, 1891; and Elizabeth, who has alwavs made her home with her mother.

Mr. L'lownover was never au office seeker but gave stalwart allegiance to the republican part}', for he deemed its principles most conducive to good government. His family all belong to the Congregational church, and in his life he stood for all that is upright and just in man's relations with his fellowmen and was an advocate of the true, the good and the beautiful. When he started out in life and worked at farm labor in his boyhood days near Burlington he began saving some of his earnings and his economy and diligence constituted the basis of his success. As the architect of his own fortune he builded wisely and well anil he won not only a competence but also an honored name through carefully directed labors and his straightforward dealings. He was very liberal and the poor and needy found in him a friend, while his greatest happiness came to lum in providing the comforts of life for his family. He passed away July 2'), ISHS, when in the seventy-second year of his age. His residence in Bureau county covered almost a half century and throughout this period he had maintained an unassailable reputation, which made him one of its most respected and valued citizens. She occupied the old Imme place until I'JOl, when she removed to Prim-eton and purchased a residence at No. 319 South Cluirch street, where she and her daughter Elizabeth are living, and in social circles they occupy an enviable position.

he is identitied with the County .Medical Society. He is well known in Bureau county, where almost his entire life has been passed, and many friends entertain for him warm regard because of his personal as well as professional worth.

Dr. August Henry Malm, engaged in the practice of medicine in Princeton, is one of Bureau county's native sons, his birth having occurred in Princeton township on the 20th of August, ISGiS. He acquired his education in the district schools and the citj' schools of Princeton and received his professional training in Barnes University, at St. I.,ouis, ilissouri, from which he was graduated on the completion of a thorough course in medicine with the class of 1895. He supj)leniented his theoretical training by practical e.vperience, covering a year's practice in St. Louis city hospital, after which he located at Mineral, Bureau county. Later he removed to Stark county, where he remained for four years, when, sei'kiiig a still broader lield of labor, he came to Princeton in 1901 aiul opened an office. Here he has enjoyed a good practice, iieing recognized as an able and conscientious physician, who is continually broadening his knowledge and promoting his efficiency through reading and investigation. He thus keeps in touch with the onward march of the profession.

In 190-1 Dr. Malm was elected to the office of county coroner, which position he is still filling. Fraternally he is connected with the Modern Woodmen and other organizations. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Presbyterian chui-eh, and in the line of his profession

James Watson

James Watson, whose farm of eighty acres on section 30, Berlin township, has been his home since 1892, while his residence in the state covers the period from 1802 to the present time, was born in Lincolnshire, England, l)eeemiier ."), 1,S30. He is a son of Thomas and Sarah ( New ton) Watson, who were also natives of Lincolnshire, the former born in 1783 and the latter in 1?95. James Watson acquired his education in the schools of his native country, and came to America when twenty-two years of age. He has been a resident of Illinois since 1862, and in that year was married in Amboj^, Lee county, to Miss Eliza Aim Northway, whose birth occurred in Canandaigua, New York, July 6, 1843. Her parents were both natives of the Empire state, and in their family were three children. Jlrs. Watson by her marriage has become the motlu'r of three sons. George Watson, the eldest, born in 18(11, and now living on the home fann in Berlin township, married Miss Mary Oglesby, of Ohio, who died, leaving one child, Etrue, and he afterward wedded Elsie Donley, of Illinois, and they have two children, James and Geneva. William Sherman Watson, born in this state in IStiS, is now living in Galesburg, Illinois. James Lee Sherman, the youngest, died at the age of si.\ years.

Throughout the period of his residence in Illinois Mr. Watson has carried on general agricultural pursuits, and for fourteen years has resided on his present farm, comprising eighty acres of land on section 30, Berlin township. He has jrood improvements here and his time and energies are devoted to the further ilevelopment and cultivation of the place. lie is now in the seventieth year of his age, but still gives personal supervision to his farm, and as the result of his care and labor the fields yield to him golden harvests.

In politics he has always been a stalwart republican since he gained the right of franchise. He belongs to Bureau lodge. No. 112, .\., F. and A. M. ; to the Koyal Arch chapter and to Princeton commandery. No. 20, K. T., and has thus attained high rank in York Masonry, while in his life he has been an exemplary representative of the craft. In religion he holds to orthodo.K views, but is not a church member. His wife, however, is a nu^m- ,ber of the Congregational church, and his life has lieen filled with good deeds and charitable acts, showing him to be a man of geiu'rous spirit, of [kindly disposition and of appreciation for the higher ethics of life. He has never had occasion to regret his determination to seek a home in

America, for here he has found good business opportunities, and as the years have gone by has prospered in his undertakings until he is now a substantial farmer of his adopted country.

Jasper Wood

Jasper Wood, one of the e.xtensive farmers of Bureau county. Illinois, now residing on section 13, Mineral township, was born in Groton township, Erie county, Ohio, November 15, 1829, and is a son of Burdette and Rhoda (Harrington) Wood. The father became a large landowner, securing land in Iowa on ]\[e.xican soldier's warrants, and he also had a tract near Sterling, Illinois. His death occurred on the Soth of February, 1889, at the age of eighty-six years.

Burdette Wood was a son of Jasper Wood, of English descent, who was in the war of 1812. His family were early settlers in Ohio, locating on the western reserve. Seth Harrington, the father of Rhoda Harrington, was also in the war of 1812; he was a captain and had command of Fort Bloomington, at the head of Lake Erie.

On the 18th of ^larch, 1850, Jasper Wood of this review started for California, in company with a friend and driving a four-mule team. At Fort Leavenworth they were joined by twenty-one men, and their train consisted of six teams. The trip from Ohio to the Golden state required one hundred and thirty-two days, they arriving there on the 3d of August. For four years Mr. Wood engaged in mining, the most of which time he was quite successful, returning home with three thousand one hundred dollars in gold. This journey was made by the way of the Isthmus of Panama and New Orleans, reaching his destination in April, 1854.

In the fall of that year Mr. Wood came to Sheffield, Bureau county, Illinois, and secured one hundred and sixty acres of land near Green river, for which he paid six dollars per acre. It is located in Gold township, and there he made his home for thirteen years, during which time he added to it until at the present time he has ten hundred and forty acres there all in one body, improvoil witli tlirce sets of farm buildings, and for some of which land he paid as high as thirty dollars per acre. After making his first purchase, Mr. Wood invested the remainder of his capital in cattle, purchasing one hundred and thirty-six head in Bond county, Illinois, wliich he brought here the same fall. For thirty-five years he engaged in the cattle business, keeping in stock from three to four hundred head annually, which business proved a profitable source of income.

It was in 1867 that Mr. Wood removed to his present farm, a tract of one hundred and sixty acres a mile and a half northwest of Sheffield, in Mineral township, upon which he has made many valuable improvements, and has added to the same until the place now comprises twelve hundred and forty acres, on which are five sets of buildings, about all rented at present time. His land here cost him from eleven to sixty-five dollars per acre, and it is as valuable property as any to be found in this section of the state. He also owns two tracts in Nebraska, comprising three hundred and twenty-six acres; seven hundred and twenty acres in Kansas; and sixty-five acres in Huron county, Ohio. He took an active interest in business affairs until January 8, 1906, when he was injured bv a fall and has since been in poor health.

In Alba township, Henry county. Illinois, Mr. Wood was married October 22, 1857, the lady of his choice being Miss Ruhecy Goble, who was born in Rock Island county, this state, March 10, 1840, and when twelve years of age went to Henry county with her parents, Benjamin and Barbara (Vandruff) Goble, the former a native of southern Illinois, and the latter of Pennsylvania. Six children were born of this union, as follows: Benjamin Burdette died in childhood. Flora Gertrude became the wife of Alfred ilcKee and died May 22, 1884, leaving two children - Blanche Sophia and Jasper Burdette W. Richard Boyleston lives in Saline county, Nebraska. Thaddeus Jasper resides upon a farm in Mineral township. Ada Sophia is the wife of Charles W. Gunkel, a merchant of Sheffield, and they have one son, Woodward William, twelve years old. Henry Lester is in the lumber business in Sheffield.

In religious belief Mr. Wood is a Unitarian and politically is identified with the republican party, but is no politician. For three years he served as supervisor of Gold township; was school trustee for twenty-one years, or as long as he would accept the position; road commissioner nine years; and justice of the peace for some eight or ten years. He is a prominent and representative citizen, whose friends in the community are many, and by all who know him he is held in the highest regard.

John C. Becker

The German-American element iu our citizenship is an important one, for the sons of the fatherland have contributed in substantial measure to the civilization of the new world and its later development and progress. Among those who have made creditable positions in business circles in Bureau county is numbered John C. Becker, whose birth occurred in Mecklenburg on the 17th of July, 1854, and who is now a prosporous resident farmer of Bureau township. His ]>a rents, Frederick B. and Mary Becker, both died in Germany.

time ai(iuirt'il his education in the publie scliools. Hearing favorable reports concerning America and its opportunities, he determined to seek a home in the new world and benefit by the advantages here olTered. Accordingly he crossed the ocean and took up his abode near Friuceton, where he has lived continuously since. He worked by the month for several years, and as his labors brought to him suilicient capital he made investment in land from time to time until he is now the owner of two hundred and sixty-five acres, constituting a very desirable property. His progress shows the salient elements of the German race, as his success is due to his perseverance, his ready adaptability and his strong and stalwart purpose. Upon his place he has a considerable amount of good stock, making a specialty of the raising of Poland China liogs and shorthorn cattle. His broad acres show his thrift, the farm presenting a most attractive appearance with its well-tilled fields, which promise golden harvests.

Mr. Becker was married to Henrietta Schultz, whose parents, Gus and Mary (Hechtner) Schultz, came from Germany. They settled in Iowa, where their daughter Henrietta was born. The year 1854 witnessed their arrival in America, and they were numbered among the early settlers of this county. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Becker was celebrated September S), 1879, and has been blessed with si.x children, one of whom, Mary E., died at the age of eight years. The others are still living, namely : Fred W., aged twenty-si.\ years ; John H., twenty-two years of age; Lizzie A., twenty; Minnie D., eighteen, and Frank L., sixteen years.

Mr. Becker is a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained the Master Mason's degree. In politics he holds democratic principles and votes for the national candidates of the party, but at local elections he is independent, supporting the candidates whom he regards as best qualified for office. His first presidential vote was cast for Samuel J. Tilden. He has never sought olTicial preferment for himself, as he has desired rather to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs. His residence in this county covers a period of thirty -nine years, during which time he has witnessed much of the growth and development of the county and has done his full share toward its ini])rovement and progress. In his busines affairs he has won the success which alwavs crowns persistent and consecutive effort.

Edwin J. Ely

EDWIN J. ELY. The business interests of Edwin J. Ely are so extensive and important as to render him one of the most prominent and representative citizens of Mineral and of Bureau county. Many interests have felt the stimulus of his co-operation and profited by his wise counsel and keen discernment.

and, moreover, his name has become a synonym in commercial circles for integrity as well as enterprise. His life record began in Euclid, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, April 18, 1855, his parents being Stebbings B. and Marian (Mott) Ely. Owing to his mother's death when he was but a young lad he went to live with his maternal grandfather, Eber Mott, a shoe dealer of Hiram, Ohio, will) at one time was postmaster of that town. The Hly family is of English lineage, and was established in America by Alfred Ely, the paternal grandfather of our subject, who was born in England, and on coming to the United States settled near Cleveland, Ohio. He was engaged for a time in the manufacture of woolen goods in Summit county, Ohio, but subsequently took up his abode upon a farm in Cuyahoga county. His son, Stebbings B. El}', was born in the Buckeye state, where for a number of years he carried on agricultural pursuits, and then, after residing for some time in Illinois, he took up his abode in Iowa, and is now living at Los Angeles, California.

Edwin J. Ely began his education in the public schools of Hiram, Ohio, and subsequently pursued a course in Hiram College. He first earned his own livelihood by working by the month as a farm hand in his native state, where he was employed until 1878, when he came to Mineral, where his father had settled some time before. He stopped here merely for a visit while on his way to California, but was persuaded to accept a clerkship in the store of which he is now proprietor, receiving two himdred and fifty dollars as his salary for the first year. He entered upon his duties in this connection in March, 1879, and after clerking for Mr. Crandell for five years entered the employ of Mr. Dewey, who bought out Mr. Crandell, and with whom j\Ir. Ely remained for si.x years. In May, 1891, he purchased an interest in the business and the firm became E. J. Ely & Company. This has since been the style of the house, which is today one of the leading mercantile enterprises of the town. The firm carries a large and well-selected line of general merchandise and also conducts a lumber yard and large; elevator, and it has been continuously accorded a liberal patronage in recognition of reasonable prices and honorable dealings. Mr. Ely is a man of resourceful business ability and has extended his efforts to various lines of trade. He is a successful dealer in grain, and is connected with the brick and tile interests of ^lineral, being a stockliolder and treasurer of the Mineral Brick aiul Tile Company. He helped to locate the site of a new depot, and it was throuffh his infiuenco that this was obtained. On the 19th of October, 1901, he organized the banking firm of E. J. Ely & Company, which is conducting a reliable general banking business. The firm of E. J. Ely & Company has erected a fine brick double store, two stories in height, a portion of which is used for the conduct of the

On the 11th of Deuenibor, 1879, was celebrated the marriage of Edwin J. Ely and Miss Emma Newberry, of Mineral, wlio was born in Minnesota and is a daughter of Oscar and Mary (Prince) Newberry. Her education was acquired in the schools of Illinois and of Akron, Ohio, and by her marriage she became the mother of eight children. Clare Marion, the eldest, now associated with his father in business, married Miss Ethel Darnelle Riley, of Mineral, a daughter of Wilson Riley, a retired farmer, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work. This wedding was celebrated on the 3d of June, 11)03, and they have one child, Lucile Gertrude. The other members of the family are: Mabel; Eva; Alice and Alta, twins; Lena; Sherman Sheldon, who was born October 16, 1898; and Emma Jessie, born April 8, 1902. The family are prominent socially, and one of the most attractive features of their own home, which is numbered among the finest residences of Mineral, is its gracious and warmhearted hospitality.