Cook County, Illinois - The whole text, 1884 (part 18 of 61)

for. Valentine A. Buyer next entered the ranks of the medical pioneers, on May is. 1832; and achieved military honors May 15. 1840, being then commissioned assistant surgeon of the Citj Guards, 60th Regiment, on that date.

In 1832, Dr. Edmund Stoughton Kimberly arrived here. He was clerk of the town meeting to decide whether Chicago should be ineor|>orated, and voted in favor of that measure. He was also elected Trustee of the town August 10, 1S33. Dr. Kimberly died in Lake County, 111., October 25, 1874, aged seventy-two years.

Dr. John Taylor Temple was an early practitioner in Chicago. He was a voter at the election held August 10, 1833. He graduated at the Middlebury College, Castlcton, Vt.. December 29, 1830. The first autopsy made in this city was performed by him. Dr. 'Temple, however, is more intimately identified with these early days by reason of his stage line than of his medical practice ; he having secured the contract for carrying the mail between this city and Ottawa, and making the first trip January 1, 1834, on which occasion the Hon. John Dean Caton was' a passenger. The bills for his stage line were printed at the Democrat office. An advertisement that appeared in the American on August 6. 1836, specifies that " John T. Temple & Co., are proprietors of a stage line from Chicago to Peoria ; " that "the through trip is made in two days - to Ottawa the first day;" that "the stage leaves Chicago at four in the morning and arrives at Juliet* in two," and that "seats can be taken at Markle's Exchange Coffee House." The same paper states. April 1, 1837, that Dr. Temple " has sold his stage line," and in another issue the Doctor advertises. November t", 1840, that he "has resumed the practice of medicine at 214 Lake Street." Dr. Temple afterward liecame a homeopathic practitioner and founded the St. Louis sc hool of homeopathic practice, dving in that city, February 24. 1877. at the ripe aye of seventy-three years.

George F. Turner, assistant surgeon United States Armv, was one <>i the witnesses to the Indian treaty at Chicago, on September 26, 1833. This officer was appointed to that rank on July 23, 183.?: promoted to surgeon United States Army. January 1, 1840. arK> died at Corpus Christi. Texas. October 17, 1854.

In the fall of 1833 Dr. William Bradshaw Egan came to the city and "commenced acting well his part;" to use the phraseology of his favorite author. In the Doctor's unfailing confidence in the future of Chicago ; in the unhesitating manner with which he embarked his means upon the then ebb-tide of the city's prosperity, he was a typical pioneer. Dr. Egan was bom near

Lake Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland, September 28, 1S08. At the age of fifteen he went to Lancashire, England, and commenced the study of surgery and medicine under the tuition of Dr. Maguire. also visiting the English metropolis in pursuit of medical knowledge. Returning to Dublin a few years afterward, he attended a course of medical lectures there and " walked " the Dublin Lying-in Hospital, and then embarked for

Canada. Shortly after his arrival in Quebec, he obtained a situation as teacher in one of the schools in that city, and afterward was a preceptor in Montreal and New York, and in the grammer school of the _ University of Virginia, at which latter academic institution he also attended medical lectures for two terms. In the spring of 1S30 he was licensed by the medical board of New Jersey, and inaugurated his professional career in Newark and New York. On January 21, 1832. he was married to Miss Emelinc Mabbatt, who accompanied the Doctor in his pilgrimage to this city. On the 221I of August, 18 ?4. Dr. Egan was appointed on the health committee "for the South Division, and on the 4th of lulv, 1836, when the ground was broken for the construction of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, he was selected to deliver the oration. While lie was performing this office he observed that at a spring near by were a large number of people. The spring had been natural- ited by the addition of lemons, sugar and whisky. Turning to them, he said: "'Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring; there shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, and drinking deeply sobers it again.' " It is Understood that his advice was followed, with results other than those ascribed to the Pierian fount. Dr. Kgan, during the primary years of his residence here, purchased the Tremont House block of (ieneral Beaubien, and thereon erected nee houses, which were designated as Kgan's Row. In his real estate transactions, the 1 >octor was conspicuous, and by connection with him in his operations many families laid the foundation for subsequent wealth and prosperity. In the adjustment of the canal claims by the Legislature of the session of 1841-42, the Doctor did excellent service. He was a delegate to the first Democratic convention held at Joliet, May 18. 184.5; was Recorder of the city ami county in 1844, and was a Representative to the State Legislature during the sessions of 1S53-54. In his jocose temperament, his classical education, his kindly generosity and his trenchant sarcasm, he was an Orestes to the Pylades of Dr. Maxwell. Dr. Egan died in this city October 27, i860.

Dr. Henry 15. Clarke migrated to Chicago in 1853, and advertised in the American of February 18. 1837, that his office was at Collins & Butterficld's on Dearborn Street. His residence is stated to have been a large white house near the lake, about where Fourteenth Street is now situated.

Dr. Henry Van Der Itogart graduated at the medical college in Fairfield, N. Y., in the winter of 1833; came to Chicago m the spring of 1834. and died at Napcrville on April 8, 1835, aged twenty-five years.

Dr. IV. Clarke appears to have been a resident here early in 1834, as a letter is advertised for him in the letter-list published in the Democrat in January of that year, and in the account books of Hibbard Porter * this gentleman is debited with purchases made from June to December. 1834, comprising a coffee-mill, cord "ami cloth.

Dr. Peter Temple was an early practitioner in Chicago, and advertised in the Democrat of |ulv 7 1854 that he was located at Franklin Street, near Lake adjacent to the dwelling of Dr. J. T. Temple, and' was thereto practice dentistry. In August, 1854, he became associated with Dr. John T. Temple in the practice of medicine. Dr. Peter Temple attending to such cases as were exclusively dental. A l)r Templeis stated by Colbert to have been appointed on the first pennanent Board of Health in Chicago June to. + Dr. I. I. lemplc is stated in the American to have been one of the executive committee of the Chicago Bible Society August 22, .835, and Dr. Peter Temple was one of the secretaries of the canal meeting November 7, ,835. The latter left Chicago in 1837, and after practicing medicine according to the regular school for twenty years, was led to praence homeopathy of his brother. This gentlSlm n VtSfc 3 resK,cnt "f I-exington. Mo. in V " " ^'micott was engaged in the dental art in 1834, an advertisement that appeared in the Democrat determining his presence here on May « of

£ of,! U,H' ^ TaVCr" Hc the practice of dentistry for many years in this city. ( f an old horse that belonged to him in early years the fo choice picking in the court-house square, he made that a resort. The citizens recognized the old animal and, compassionating his condition of marasmus, assembled and determined upon giving the veteran a donation party. At the appointed lime they locked to the square with provender and building material. A shed was constructed by the embryonic humane society, ami the food stored therein. 'Then a procession was formed, with the equine beneficiary at its head, and after parading the streets to the martial music of a fife and drum, the steed was installed in his stable, where he existed until spring, when Death mounted the pale white horse-, and rode him to the happy hunting grounds. Peace to his manefs].

Dr. John W. Kldredge came to Chicago in the spring of 1834, a graduate of the medical college of Fairlield. N. Y. He was born in Hamilton. Washington Co., N. Y.. October 2, 1S0S ; commenced the practice of his profession in Pittsfield, Tenn., continuing therein upon his arrival in Chicago, and has since his arrival been intimately identified with the measures relative 10 the prosperity, social, medical and political, of the city. Dr. Eldredge was married in Chicago in the year 1840 to Miss Sophia Holton, and has one daughter.Hette, the wife of George C. Clarke. The objection that Dr. Kldredge had to the least appearance of publicity or notoriety has been regarded by the compiler ; but the life of the Doctor is too well known by the citizens of past and present Chicago to require comment. His works speak for themselves ; and now that he has passed from our midst they remain the most durable monument to his memory. Dr. Kldredge relinquished the practice of his profession in 1S6S. after which he lived in the retirement of private life until the date of his death. January 1, 1884.

Dr. Josiah C. Goodhue came from Canada about this period; and on September 1, 1835, was engaged with Dr. J. H. Barnard in the practice of the medical and surgical profession, with their office on Lake Street, three doors west of the Tremont House; and on February 15. 1S36, Dr. Ooodhue formed a copartnership with Dr. S. /.. Haven. Sometime subsequently he removed to Rockford. 111., where he died from the effects of an accident.

Charles Yolney Dyer, son of Daniel and Susan Olin Dyer, was born in Clarendon, Vt., on June 12, 1S0S, and was the youngest but one of ten children. When he entered college he pursued medical studies to the exclusion of the classical course, and graduated, December 29, 1830. with high honors at M id dlebury College. In February, 1831, he commenced practice in Newark, Wayne Co.,' N. J. Leaving there he migrated to Chicago, where he arrived in August, 1835. In 1S37, he married Louisa M. Gilford, of Klgin, from which union six children were born, three of whom still survive : Stella Louisa, born November 22, 1841, now Mrs. boring; Charles Gilford, born December 29, 1S45. and Louis, born September 30, 1851. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln, as a personal compliment to Dr. Dyer, gave him the appointment of Judge of the Mixed Court for the suppression of the African slave trade ; I>r. Dyer having l>cen, for years previously, one of the prominent officers of the celebrated " Underground Railroad " of Chicago, and had helped i i» rescuing from slavery and the fangs of human blood hounds who sought to' overtake then), thousands of fugitives. To a resident of the Stale that gave birth to Abraham Lincoln, it would seem sufficient eulogy to say that a man was prominently connected with the underground railroad ; no more grateful reflection can be entertained by Dr. Dyer's descendants, than that many former slaves can point to his grave and say "there lies the man who helped me to life and liberty." Judge Dyer died April 24, 1878, at the residence of his adopted daughter at Lake View, Lake Co., 111.

In the American of May 2S, 1836. Dr. D. S. Smith* offered his services, in an advertisement dated May 25, 1836, at an office with S. Abell, on Lake Street, one door west of New York House; on August 16, 1837, the Doctor occupied an office adjoining Clarke's drug store on Clark Street, near Lake, first door north of Collins iV Butterficld's office.

It has been found impracticable to chronometrically designate the physicians whose names appear as identified with the germinating metropolis at this period of its history; a fixed date, 1839, has therefore been selected ; and those who were here at that time, or prior thereto, are mentioned in this paragraph with such data as is extant to determine the priority of their coming.

Mrs. Robertson, the first female obstetrician, was here in 1S39, and for many years subsequently, and may justly be termed the feminine Hippocrates of Chicago. Dr. J. Jay Stuart, with J. D. Caton, second door east of Breese & Sheppard's, Lake Street, advertised in the American of June 11, 1836. Dr. Stuart, in 1848, was in partnership with H. R. W. Doardman, and died August 8, 1850. Dr. H. Spring died November 10, 1835, aged thirty-two; Dr. \V. Spring advertised his office with D. Spring in the American of September 12, 1835; Dr. Levi D. Boone, a distant relative of the celebrated Daniel Boone, was here in June, 1836; was in partnership with Charles V. Dyer in 1S39, and practiced for a long time in Chicago,' subsequently entering the real estate business. Dr. \V. (}. Austin, 'on August. 7. 1835, in American, notified the citizens that he had commenced the practice of medicine, and opened an office on Lake Street, near the post-office; and that he practiced the botanic healing art. "which is not connected by ties of consanguinity to the Thompsonian system" - a nice distinction. On December 5, 1835, Dr. Austin announced that he had vegetable medicines for dispensation on Lake Street, three doors east of Cooke's coffee-house, and on October 10, 1836, entered into partnership with Dr. W. B. Dodge, with their office on

Lake Street, opposite Rice's coffee-house. This copartnership was dissolved April 3, 1837. Dr. John Brinkerhoff, subsequently of the firm of llrinkerhoff & Benton, druggists, cautioned persons against purchasing a note given by him :n favor of Samuel Rcssigue. in the American of December 3, 1836. Dr. I. H. Barnard advertised in the American of June 8, 1835. under date of June 3. Dr. J. C. Bradley, surgeon dentist, proffered his odontological ability in the same paper, under date of June 13, 1835, and was subsequently in business with Mr. Kennicott. In the Democrat of August 14, 1836, is an advertisement of Dr. Daniel Brainard, who proffered his services to citizens of Chicago and vicinity at his office, with John Dean Caton, on Dearborn Street, opposite the Tremont House. In the language of the Hon. John Dean Caton, is the following reminiscence of Dr. Brainard given: "About the first of September, 1835, Dr. Brainard rode up to my office, wearing pretty seedy clothes and mounted on a little Indian pony. He reported that he was nearly out of funds, and asked my advice as to the propriety of commencing practice here. We had been professional students together in Rome, N. Y., when he was there in the office of Dr. Pope. 1 knew him to have been an ambitious and studious young man, of great firmness and ability, and did not doubt that the three years since I had seen him had been profitably spent in acquiring a knowledge of his profession I advised him to go to the Indian camp, whete the Pottawatomies were gathered, preparatory to starting for their new location west of the Mississippi River, sell his pony, take a desk or rather a little table in my office, and put his shingle by the side of the door, promising to aid him, as best 1 could, in building up a business* During the - first year the Doctor's practice did not enter those circles of which he was most ambitious. Indeed it was mostly confined to the poorest of the population, and lie anxiously looked for a door which should give him admission to a better class of patients. While he answered every call, whether there was a prospect of remuneration or not, he fell that he was qualified to attend those who were able to pay him liberally for his services. At length the door was opened. A schooner was wrecked south of the town, on which were a man and his wife, who escaped with barely their clothes on their backs. They were rather simple people, and belonged to the lowest walks in life. They started for the country on foot, begging their way, and, when distant some twelve miles, encountered a party of men with a drove of horses, one of whom pretended that he was a Sheriff, and arrested them for improper purposes. When they were set at liberty, they returned . to the town, and came to me for legal advice, the woman being about five months advanced in pregnancy. I commenced a suit for the redress of their grievances, and the Doctor took an active interest in their welfare. He procured for them a small house on the North Side, and made personal appeals to all the ladies in the neighborhood, for provision for their needs. Mrs. Join) 1 1. Kinzie became particularly interested in their case, and paid frequent visits to the cabin with other ladies. The nervous system of the woman had been greatly shattered, and a miscarriage was constantly apprehended. The Doctor was unremitting in his attentions, and finally carried her through her confinement with marked success, exhibiting to the ladies who had taken so much interest in the patient a fine living child. This was the long desired opportunity, and it did not fail to produce its results. Dr. Brainard immediately became famous. His disinterested sympathy, his goodness of heart, his skillful treatment and his marked success, were now the subject of comment in all circles. At my request Dr. Goodhue also visited the woman - as I desired to secure his additional testimony in the case - and he too became very favorably impressed with the talents and acquirement* of the voung practitioner, and extended to him a helping anil efficient hand. During the winter of 1837-38, Dr. Brainard first communicated to me his project looking to the foundation of Rush College. In 1 838, a laborer on the canal near I .uckport, fractured his thigh, and before union had been completely effected, he ramc to t'hicig.. . n i where he found himsell unable to walk further and quite destitute. He was taken to the poor-house, where he rapidly grew worse, the limb becoming excessive (edematous. A council of physicians was summoned, consisting of Drs, Brainard, Maxwell, Goodhue, I'.gan. and perhaps one or two others. All were agreed as to the necessity of amputation, but, while Brainard insisted that the operation should be performed at the hip-joint, the others urged that removal tielow the trochanters would answer equally well. The patient was about twenty-three years of age, had an excellent physique, and was. so far as known, of good habits. The operation was assigned to Brainard, and Goodhue was entrusted with the control of the femoral artery, as it emerges from the pelvis. This he was to accomplish with his thumbs ; and he had as good thumbs as any man I ever knew. The moment the amputation was effected, Brainard passed one linger into the medullary cavity, and brought out upon it a portion of the medulla which, in the process of disorganization, had become black. As he exhibited it he looked at Goodhue, win. simply nodded his head. Nut a word was spoken by any one but the patient, and what he said no one knew. Brainard instantly took up the knife and again amputated, this time at 'the joint, after which the wound was dressed. The double operation occupied but a very short time. In ah nil one month the wound had very nearly healed, only a granulating surface of about three-fourths of an inch in length at the upper corner discharged a healthy pus. I was present the last time the wound was dressed, and expected toseethc patient speedily discharged as cured. But that night secondary hemorrhage occurred, a large portion of the wound was opened afresh, and the patient died almost immediately. At the post-mortem section, an enormous mass of osseous tubercles was removed from the lungs, liver, and heart, and a large, bonv neoplasm was found attached to the pelvic bones, and surrounding the femoral artery, so that the mouth of the latter remained patulous. A similar deposit, three inches in diameter, had been found about the fractured femur, and when this was sawn through, the line of demarcation between the neoplasm and the true bone was distinctly discernable.* The operation was regarded as a success, and it completely established Dr. Brainard s reputation as a surgeon."

Daniel Brainard was "bom May 15, 1811, in Westernyille Oneida Co., N. Y. and graduated at Jefferson College I hiladelphia in the year 18 ?4; commencing the practice of medicine at W'hitesboro, N. Y. Subsequent to his arrival at Chicago he visited Paris in 1839, and pursued his medical studies there; revisiting that city in 1S52 when he was made an honorary member of the'Societe de Ch.rurgiede Paris, and of the Medical Society of the Canton of Geneva. At this time Dr. Brainard secured he valuable osteological collection which he placed in the museum of Rush Medical College, of which institution he was the founder and indefatigable promoter. In 1854 he received the prize offered by the Medical Association of St, I.ouis for an excursus upon the treatment of ununited fractures - the mode elaborated in his treatise having since been adopted by the entire profession. Dr. Brainard's surgical reputation is not alone civic hit continental; his scientific attainments were catholic, his literary ability eminent. His best monument is Rush Medical College, in whose interest he labored so indefatigably; his noblest eulojjy the precedents he established by his skill. Dr. Brainard died of cholera, on October 10, 1 866, at the Sherman House, aged fiftyfive.

C. Carli an in >un< ed I imsell as an It D., n: the I teno<:rat of August 16, 1837; Lucius G. Dole is specified as an "eye-doctor," in the 1839 directory, and ten years subsequently appears as a botanical physician. I>r. Charles Y. Dyer came to Chicago on the 23d of Augu>t, 1S35, anil was a candidate for State Representative the subsequent year, but was ineligible on account of the period of his residence not having embraced one year; he was elected Judge of Probwc in 1837. and was commissioned surgeon, City Guards, Sixtieth Regiment, on May 15, 1840. Dr. Dyer died in this city, April 24. 1S78. Dr. Charles II. Duck is registered in Fergus's directory for 1829, and was for sometime afterward a practitioner here. Dr. James Anson Dunn o|>ened an office in Sherman's brick block, nearly opposite the Tremont House on November 25. 1S35; after his arrival here from Buffalo, N. Y. Dr. John Herbert Foster is specified in the 1839 directory; having come to this city alter participation in the Black Hawk War; remaining here until his death on May iS, 1874, at the age of seventv-nine. Dr. N. Gunn received mention in the newspapers of March, 1836. Dr. S. '/.. Haven was one of the disputants before the Chicago Lyceum, February 27, 1836, and was in partnership with Dr. J. C Goodhue, February, 15, 1836. Under date of August 24. 1836, Dr. R. J. Harvey advertised the inauguration of bis" practice in Chicago. Reuben B. Heacock is designated as a medical student with Dr. C. Y. Dyer and Benjamin F. Hale, as a botanic physician in Fergus s directory for 1839. Dr. James R. Irvine, from Philadelphia, specifies that he has opened an oftit e. first door south of the corner of Lake and Wells, in the American of December 3, 1836. The primary hydropathic practitioner, as a proprietor of vapor baths, is given in 1839 directorv, being lohn J. Keenan. Dr. Richard Murphy appears in the 1839 directory and pursued literary lahors in this citv for some time, but nothing is obtainab.c that identifies him with the medical profession here. The same work cites Dr. Leonard Proctor. This latter gentleman was married to Miss Frances Burbatik. daughter of Henrv Wolcott. and sister of Alexander Wolcott, county surveyor, bv Rev.J. Harrington, January 7. 1841, Dr. John Mark Smith, brother of Hon.S. Usle Snnth.came to Chicago in the spring of 1837 and remained here until 1842. J. Oldham Sweetser, dentist, is accredited with a residence here in 1839; he advertised m the dailv American during the year following. Pr°f George C. l ew is designated as a phrenologist 1 Fergus's directorv; and appears to have been succes>tu in his presentations of this science, as he was also nc in 1844-45. 1'lace is only given this follower of MB and Spurzheim on account of his precedence in t a branch of physiological science. Dr. Simeon j'V~j appears in the 1839 director)' and advertised, July '> 1840, in the Daily American. December 17. i8j<>, - Joseph Walker, late physician of Philadelphia Hospital, advertised in the American; and on May 2°,

How much, or how little, many of these pioneer practitioners were identified with the material progress of C hicago, or in what manner their individual talent accelerated the growth of sciences is impossible to state. In cases where they became identified with any of the institutions that were evidences of scientific advancement, their names as such integers appear. Dr, Lucius Abbott is stated to have married Mrs. Margaret Helm, at Chicago, in 1836. No account appears of his having practiced in this city until 1 S-| 5 , and in that year he is stated to have returned to Connecticut, and have died there.

A question arose in the course of the compilation of this history, whether it was just to those who were buna fide, qualified practitioners, to have mentioned with them those who may have been the veriest quacks ; but how is the citizen of Chicago of 1883 to decide?

In the pioneer days of medical practice, when the possible patients were few, the duties devolvent upon physicians were onerous and detractive from proficiency in their profession. Unless possessed of a competency, it was requisite for them to win bread for the sustenance of themselves and families, to eke out the slender honoraria obtainable from the sparsely settled country by agriculture, speculation, or trade ; therefore, in some instances, it is not surprising that a physician's repute is greater because of achievement without the pale of medical science, than for his scientific diagnosis and practice consequent thereupon. It is certainly a moot question whether the enterprise of an individual in commerce, or the display of scientific attainment in a profession, most accelerates material progress in a city ; in the early medical inhabitants of Chicago, however, they were usually, perforce, united.

As the population increased and the ills to which man is heir augmented in proportion, there was a larger scope for the exclusive exercise of medical skill and consequent ability to exist upon the fees received for such practice ; thus, the practice which makes perfect was not alone attainable by fhe physician, but his mind being easier upon the subject of his means of subsistence he wxs enabled to devote more time to study ; he was not compelled to abandon the scalpel for the spade to fill the epigastric regions of his family.

The names of some of those who achieved distinction are given, who were in Chicago anterior to 1845 - the establishment of Rush Medical College, in 1844, forming a medical center from which the rays of achievement were diffused. These ante-1844 physicians are James Van Zandt Blaney, H. H. Beardslcy, Alfred W. Davisson, M. L. Knapp, [ohn McLean, Matthew Mcllwaine, C. A. F, Van Wattenvvylle. Some other celebrities of the medical profession who have dwelt in Chicago during the epoch treated of in this volume are Nathan S. Davis, William 15. Herrick, John Kvans subsequently Governor of Colorado ), Graham N. Fitch, J. C. Dass >;son of the celebrated Peter Dass, the Norwegian poet), H. A. Johnson, Brockholst McVickar, Joseph W. Freer, C. A. Helmuth, Krial McArthur, Kdwin G. Meek, John E. and Patrick McGirr. Max Meyers, Del.askie Miller, George Wallingford Wentworth. E. S. Carr, William H. Byford, John H. Rauch, Edwin Powell, Thomas Spencer, Edmund Andrews and others whose names occur in the recitals of various sub-topics in this chapter.

Joseph Warren Freer was born at Fort Ann, Washington Co., N. Y., July 10, 1816; removing to Chicago June 14, 1836, but shortly thereafter leaving the city to join his parents at Forked Creek, near Wilmington,' 111. About 1846 he returned to Chicago, and commenced the pursuii of medic .1 knowledge uiuk r -Iil mw.w e< of Dr. Brainard; graduating in fhe class of 1848-49 of Rush Medical College, in which institution he subsequently held several offices. Perhaps he did not originate much in surgery, but he suggested and practised several things of value. He is entitled to priority in suggestion of the use of collodion in erysipelas, burns, etc. So, also, the first publication of the use of adhesive plaster in fractures of the clavicle, a form of treatment, the advantages of which arc not even yet fully appreciated by the profession, is due to him. Dr. Freer died April 12, 1877.

George Wallingford Wentworth was the son of Hon. Paul and Lydia (Cogswell W entworth, and was born on the 2d of November, 1820, at Sandwich, N. H., l>eing the brother of Hon. John Wentworth, of this city. He was a matriculate of Dartmouth College in the years 1841 and 1842, but was compelled to relinquish his intention, in both instances, of proceeding with a collegiate course, and legal studies, on account of delicate health. In 1S43 he came to Chicago and remained a year, during which time he performed some literary work for the Democrat; but his health remaining poor, he returned to the East and determined upon pursuing the study of medicine; and took courses of study at Concord, N. H., New York City and Philadelphia, becoming an alumnus of the latter city in 1847. Upon taking his degree, he returned to Chicago, and commenced practice at an office upon the west bank of the river, near the western end of the present Randolphstreet bridge. While the c holera prevailed in this city in 1849, the Alderman of the Sixth Ward resigned; and Dr. Wentworth's labors among the poor, and his faithful performance of the medical duties among those who required his professional services, so endeared him to the inhabitants of that ward that they unanimously requested him to fill the unexpired term of the resigned Alderman; and upon his consenting, he was elected therefor. At the ensuing election he was re-elected for the term of two years. In 1850 the cholera was again a visitant of this city, and during his efforts to ameliorate the condition of the afflicted and to perform his aldermanic duties, he was himself taken with the disease, and died at his office on August 14. 1850, after a sickness of only about ten hours. John Murphy, the landlord of the United States Hotel at which Dr. Wentworth boarded, called to see the Doctor about 7 a. m. and though himself in perfect health, was seized and died before Dr. Wentworth demised. Dr. Wentworth is alleged to have Iwen the first physician in Chicago who commenced the practice of his profession upon the west side of the river. The Chicago Medical Society held a meeting, whereat they passed a deserved eulogium upon the character and services of Dr. Wentworth; especially testifying their esteem for his persistent and self-abnegating efforts to alleviate the sick and distressed, particularly during the epidemic to which he had fallen a victim, and that such effort had rendered it a matter of justice that his memory should be gratefully cherished by the citizens of Chicago. The Mayor called a special meeting of the Common Council, which likewise passed resolutions of respect and condolence. The Medical Society, and the Common Council, attended the funeral of Dr. Wentworth in a body, subsequent to which his remains were taken to the family burial place at Concord, N. H., for interment.

The medical colleges and hygienic institutions of Chicago bear mute, though substantial, testimony to the medical prowess of her doctors, OS her many hospitals, infirmaries and charitable institutions do to their benevolence and love for their species. These arc as much evidences of their everted endeavor, as the individual honor and fame that attaches to their names.

The early medical history may be accurately divided into three epochs: one, anterior to 1834, when individual, isolated effort characterized the medical fraternity; the second, from 1835 to 1844, when the various individuals commingled, established societies and medical sodalities ; and the third epoch, subsequent to the establishment of Rush Medical College in 1844, when Chicago became a recognized center of medical instruction, and the alumni of this institution dispersed throughout the country, carrying the impress of their alma maltr with them.

But two additional items remain to be mentioned in this chapter: one the names of three dentists, two representative Chicago men, Or. Aaron Gibbs, who came here about 1845; Dr. James Kennicott, who commenced dental practice about 1848, and John C. Pride, a phenomenal dentist, who not alone extracted the offending molar or incisor, but gave instruction in vocal and piano music, thorough-bass, etc., in the year 1852. Also the name of John Webster deserves mention as thejirst hydropathic physician announcing himself as Atkinson, in 1853, is the primal

The second item concerns those who provided the means, whereby the physicians were enabled tocombat disease. The earliest pharmaceutist of Chicago was Phi'o Carpenter, who arrived here in July. 1832. shortly thereafter opening a variety and drug store on what is now known as Lake Street near the eastern built of the river: and subsequently remoyuu to South Water Street. Early in 1833. Peter I ruyne * and Edmund Stoughton Kimberly opened the second of Chtcago's drug-stores. William Hull Clarke arrived in Chicago May 23, 1835, and opened a druK store with Abram F. Clarke. Under date of November 11, 1835, this firm advertised that they have opened a new drug store at the store formerly occupied by Kimball & Porter, corner of Water and Clark streets This firm subsequently removed to 102 Lake Street ; dissoly. mg partnership March 1, 1841 ; W. H. entering into copartnersrup w.th Samuel C. Clarke, his brother, and remaining with htm until about 1850. About 1855, W LUarkc became assistant engineer of the Chicago Hoard of Publk Works, which position he retained until his death in August, 187S, Frederick Thomas, in the American of June 8, 1835, advertised .he proprietorship of the Chicago New Drug, Medical and Paint Store, on Water Street, two doors from the American office, near the drawbridge; and also advertised that he performed "bleeding, leeching and tooth-drawing; " thus establishing himself as Chicago's first barber-surgeon. In the American of January 16, 1836, under date of January 11. Mr. Thomas announced a copartnership with Thomas Jenkins, at a new store on Lake Street, one door west of Clark ; for the sale of dry goods, groceries, paints, drugs and medicines; but the advertisement does not specify that the phlebotomical practice was maintained. On April 2, 1836, the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Thomas retiring. The names of the other early druggists are given in Fergus's directory of 1839: Edward R. Allen and I.eroy M lloyce; Leroy M. Boyce continuing the business alone at 121 Lake Street, July 10, 1840. and subsequently at 113 Lake Street; being succeeded, in 1851, by J. Sears, Jr., and E. R. Bay. Dr. E. Dewey, who advertised on July 1, 1840, as being at Apothecaries' Hall, Dearborn Street; Nelson Buchanan, and Sidney Sawyer, who were in business for a number of years subsequent to 1839.

Rush Medical College

The act of incorporation for this institution was drawn by Drs. Daniel Hrainard and Josiah C. Goodhue; was passed by the Legislature; and approved l>y the Governor on March 2, 1837. The Chicago Araer- ican of March 25, 1837, commenting thereupon, states that "this act may be regarded as not the least of the favors which Chicago has received at the hands of the State. Iking the first institution of the kind in Illinois, or indeed west of Cincinnati and Lexington, it must soon possess advantages of location which but ,ew medical schools enjoy. With such a situation, if it receive the fostering care of the public, cannot fail to become an ornament and an honor to our infant city. The benefits resulting from the establishment of literan and scientific institutions in a community are very great.

The name selected, " Rush Medical College," seems particularly appropriate. It is intended as an honor to the memory of Benjamin Rush, that eminent physician and illustrious patriot, whose name is so dear to' every American.

The following are the names of the trustees: Hon. Theopholus W. Smith, Dr. J. C. Goodhue, Rev. Isaac T. Hinton, Dr. John T. Temple, James H. Collins, Dr. Edmund S. Kimbcrtv, Ju>tm Buttcrfield, Ebenezer Peck, John H. Kinzie, John Wright, Henry' Moore,

William n. Ogdcn, John D. Caton, C.rant Goodrich, E. I). Taylor, all of Chicago ; Rev. Seth S. Whitman, of Belvid'cre ; Hon Thomas Ford, of Oregon City ; and the Governor, and the presiding officers of the Senate and the House of Representatives, ex-officio members. In October, 1843, an organization was effected, ami on the 24th of that month an announcement made that the first annual course of lectures would commence December 4, 1843. and continue sixteen weeks. The faculty were : Daniel Brainard, M. D., professor of anatomy and surgery; James V. Z. Blaney, M. D., professor of chemistry and materia mcdica : John McLean, M. D., professor of theory and practice of medicine; M. L. Knapp, M. D., professor of obstetrics. The ticket fees are announced as sixty dollars ; dissecting ticket, five dollars ; graduation fee, twenty dollars. The lectures were delivered in two small rooms situated on Clark Street. William Buttcrfield was the only graduate that year ; an honorary degree being conferred upon Thomas P. Whipple and upon John McLean.

In 1844 the college building was erected by John M. Van Osdel, architect, at the southwest corner of I>earborn and Indiana streets. It was constructed of brick with stone facings and contained two large lecture

The first lecture was delivered on December 11, 1S44, in the new edifice, and the formal opening occurred on Friday, DeceniUr 13, 1844; when, before a large and cultivated audience, the Rev. R. W. Patterson offered a prayer appropriate to the occasion, and Daniel Hrainard, president of the facultv, delivered an able address. The Weekly Democrat of December 25, 1844, reviewing the opening exercises states : "Dr. Hrainard, indeed, may almost be said to be the founder of this institution, and he and our citizens generally may well be proud of the intelligence and enterprise, which in so short a time have erected a beautiful and cosily edifice dedicated to science, in which are already gathered about forty students from our own and neighboring States." The faculty in 1845 were Daniel Hrainard, M. D., professor of surgery ; Austin Flint, M. D., professor of institutes and practice of medicine ; G. N. Fitch, M. D., professor of obstetrics and the diseases of women and children ; James V. Z. Blaney, M. D., professor of chemistry and pharmacy; John McLean, M. P., professor of materia medica and therapeutics; W. B. Herrick, M. I)., professor of anatomy. The directory for 1S44 gives, in addition to the names of the four gentlemen who were the first faculty of the incipient college, A. W. Davisson, prosecutor to the professor of anatomy.

In 1846, the cabinets of morbid and general anatomy, materia medica, mineralogy, etc.. were enlarged and a library of about six hundred volumes, for the convenience of students, formed. On December 24, 1846, a free dispensary was opened at the College, where advice and medicine were gratuitously dispensed and surgical cases treated and requisite operations performed without charge.

On Wednesday evening, January 5, 1847, protoxide of nitrogen (laughing gas was first administered in the presence of an audience, by Professor Blaney ; and upon January it, 184S, chloroform was first used as an an.Tsthetic in surgery, the hypnotic agent being administered and the operation subsequently performed by Dr. Brainard, assisted by Drs. Herrick and Blaney.

From October 28, 1847, to February 2, 1848, fortynine operations were performed by Dr. Brainard ; who also performed the first recorded case of emasculation during the session of 1840-50,

In October, 1850, Dr. Thomas Spencer, resigned the chair of the principles and practice of medicine, on account of ill-health, and the trustees of the College tendered him the honorary appointment of emeritus professor thereof in acknowledgment of their appreciation of his valuable services.

'The Gem of the Prairie, of November 10, 1850, states that Mrs. Brockway, of Jonesville, Mich., arrived in this city to attend lectures in Rush Medical College; hut no record is extant of this lady having become a matriculate. In 1852, the name Emily Blackwell, of Ohio, appears as a student of the session of 1852-53; but in consequence of the misogyny of the State Medical Society, the liberality of the college faculty was unable to grant a second course of lectures to Miss Blackwell, and she subsequently graduated at a medical college in Cleveland, Ohio.

In the interregnum of the collegiate terms of 1854 and 1855, the College was rebuilt and its interior remodeled and additional rooms were furnished for the museum * and for post mortem examinations, the cost of such alterations being about §15,000. This expense all others relevant to the institution, maintenance and alteration of the college were sustained by the various faculties of the institution; the faculty being as Dr. J, Adams Allen remarked, " privileged to pay all expenses, after the manner of Mr. Pickwick and Messieurs Snodgrass, Tupman and Winkle ; and, like them, have been subject to acrimony and animadversion as a reward for their expenditure." The only donation that had been made to Rush Medical College toward its establishment "r support, was the lot originally given whereupon the first college was creeled. This fact is but an additional evidence of the worthiness of the College to be honored by Chicago citizens, for the faculty have, from pure, disinterested love of their profession, devoted their money, time, energy ami intellect to enhancing the profiency, and ability of the students of the college, with the most Mattering results to themselves as professors, and to the college as a medical afma mater.

William Butterfield was the son of the Hon. Justin Butterfield, who is distinguished in the forensic annals of early Chicago. After Mr. Butterfield graduated he practiced his profession until February. 1S47 ; on the 3d of March of that year, being commissioned Second Lieutenant of the United States Marine Corps, in which capacity he performed sen-ice during the Mexican War. During his stay in Mexico he became a confirmed invalid, from the climatic rigors. He resigned his commission on May 1, 1858. On August 5, 1861, he was commissioned Captain and Commissary of subsistence, and was stationed at Hannibal, Mo., from the autumn of 1 86 1 until December. 1863 ; and at Rock Island, III., during the year 1864, resigning his commission on December 3. 1864. Subsequent to this period Dr. Butterfield led the simple life of a private citizen, dying on the 13th of January, 1878, aged fiftv-seven years.

The Chicago Medical Society has become commingled, in the recollection of many of the earlv physicians of this city, with that of Cook County Medical Society. Medical societies arose, endured for a brief season, and passed away, in the earlv years of Chicago's existence, with such frequency that 'their nomenclature even is lost to recollection ; hut the first society that attained any prominence appears to have been the Cook County Medical Society - of which Dr. Uvi D. Boone was secretary - whose first meeting was held at the office ot the Chicago Insurance Company October 1 1816 Subsequent to this Society, and anterior to ,857, the only one that achieved any protracted vitality was the Chi- cw^X^^:^0^''-' "«* »«*-! caw,!* cago Medical Society.* that was inaugurated some time during the first quarter of 1850; the first meeting having been held in a room on Randolph Street, near the comer of Clark, and was attended by a large num her the prominent practitioners of the city, among whom were Drs. Daniel Brainard, Levi D. Boone, Brockholsi McVkkar, W. B. Herrick, John Evans, Edwin G. Meek, J. Herman Bird,* J. Y. Z. Blaney, Samuel W. Ritchey.f Philip Maxwell and Nathan S. Davis. At this meeting a committee was designated to prepare a constitution anil by-laws, which was adopted at a subsequent meeting of the Society, held April 5. 1S50; whereat officers were elected and the name of Chicago Medical Society adopted. Dr. Levi D. Boone was the first president of the Society, and Dr. John Evans was elected delegate to the American Medical Association; Dr. Evans attending the annual meeting of this Association in Cincinnati, in May. 1850, as representative of the Chicago Society. Dr. Davis states that "Previous to the formation of this Society, the profession of the city had been so divided into rival factions that many thought it would Ik- impossible to secure sufficient harmony of action to maintain a social organization among the members. To show that there was some reason for this opinion, I may mention that Dr. Brainard and several others who participated in the preliminary meetings, never attended a meeting after the first election of oflicers. And before the first six months had elapsed 1 hai # ? were preferred again* anuobet f« unprofessional conduct: who, instead of submitting to a trial in conformity to the by-laws, simply treated both the charges and the Society with contempt, which caused some others to abandon the meetings of the Society ; and so lessened the number of the members who continued to attend, that after the second election of officers in April, 1851, no constitutional quorum could be obtained."

Drs. Bird. Blanev, Boone, Davis, Evans. Hernck, Meek, and two or three other physicians continued to hold meetings at stated dates each month ; although the meetings partook rather of the character of pathological sociables, than of autocrats of the medical profession, because of there being an insufficient number in attendance to poll votes requiring the presence of a quorum. The Society, though moribund, continued to exist, consequent upon tin fidelity am: |icrsi>cc"i:e ni these few gentlemen until the period for the annual election of oflicers in April, 1S52. Prior to this meeting the secretary made strenuous efforts to convoke an adequate number of physicians for a quorum for the election of officers ; and to amend the by-laws so that a smaller number than was therein designated would quorum for the transaction Despite the energies of the secretary and the convocation of the quasi-members, but an insufficient number for the intent of the meeting were present ; and these simply adjourned the Chicago Medical Society, ana immediately constituted themselves the Cook Count) Medical Society; elected a physician - who was present, but who resided outside of Chicago - a member to give it a semblance of a Cook County organization . elected Dr. Erial McArthur, president, and Dr. H. i *. Johnson, secretary ; adopted a few simple rules tor tnc government of the Society, and appointed Dr. Alon« B. Palmer, delegate to the National Medical ASSOC* tion to convene at Richmond, Ya., in the ensuing *m

Homeopathy

The transfusion of the Chicago, into the Cook County Medical Society, at this meeting, occasioned the anachronisms observable in the recitals of physicians as to the date of inception of the Society. The metamorphosed Society held its stated monthly meetings, whereat a gradual accession of attendance and interest was observable ; and was annually represented by its accredited delegates, at the meetings of the American Medical Association and the Illinois State Medical Society, until September or October, 1858, when its membership included a large proportion of the active practitioners of the city - especially those in iheir medical youth. Being thus possessed of a civic clientele, that presaged well for the influence, growth, and stability of the Society, and the solitary member from the rural district having died : it was deemed advisable to rechange the name of the Society, to the Chicago Medical Society, as more expressive of the membership constituting it, and also to identify it with the original organization of which the Cook County Society had been a continuation. This was done by the unanimous voice of the members at the regular meeting of the Society held - presumably - in October, 185S.

Since that epoch the Chicago Medical Society has maintained its entity with a mutative membership and a corresponding degree of changeful success and prosperity. Hut the regular meetings have been held and attended to the manifest improvement of its members and the advancement of their professional knowledge and interests. The fire of 1871 made but a brief hiatus in the sessions, as Dr. Nathan S. Davis - the sole surviving, continuous member of the original body - invited the Society to meet at his residence on Wabash Avenue; after which the Society met in a court-room, that remained tenantable, in the partially incinerated courthouse ; until more suitable and commodious quarters could be procured, during which period the growth of the Society, the professional skill and talent of its members and the beneficent influence exerted have made a notable mark in the medical annals of the city.

In September, 1857, the German Medical Society of Chicago was organized ; with William Wagner, M. D., president; E. Schmidt, M. D., vice-president, and George D. Schloetzer, M. D., secretary.

The State Medical Society was first organized at Springfield, June 4, 1850, and Chicago received its meed of recognition by William 15. Derrick, M. D., then professor of anatomy and physiology in Rush Medical College, being elected president, and Edwin G. Meek, M. D., being appointed one of the secretaries.

The discovery of homeopathy, as a distinctive specialty of medical practice, is conceded to Samuel Hahnemann, who became a systematic pathological heresiarch about 1810. Hut however ancient the phrase or system, its disciples have increased from the days of Ferdinand L. Wilsey - the first convert to homeopathy in the United States, in 1826 - until now they are numbered by thousands.

The history of homeopathy in Chicago may be summarized in two words - effort and success. In any departure from an accepted dictum, the schismatic encounters intense opposition ; this, the homeopathists have encountered, and their status at the present day is a stronger, more unerring and satisfactory testimonial than any culogium that could be penned ; and this success has been achieved notwithstanding the lact that m the ranks of the adherents of any novel tenet or dogma, charlatans flock I > the newly raised standard and cover the disciples with discredit because of their disreputable practices; which are as possible in a new body of medical practitioners, as of troops - merely from defective organization.

David Shcppard Smith, to whom belongs the honor able title of " lather of Western Homeopathy," arrived in Chicago in May, 1836 ; a graduate from the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, of the class of 1836; and thus enjoys the honor of being the oldest medical practitioner now living 1883 in this city. Dr. Smith became convinced of the veritv of the homeopathic practice in 1S37, and pursued a further course of medical investigation. After unsuccessfully treating his oldest child according to the regular school, and achieving its cure by homeopathic treatment, early in 1843, he became a firm enunciator of the " similia similibus eurantur" creed. In 1842, Dr. R. E. W. Adams came to Chicago, and became associated in the medical practice with Dr. Smith; and, after the latter gentleman embraced homeopathy, Dr. Adams also became a convert. In August, 1843, Dr. Aaron Pitney arrived in Chicago, and this triumvirate were the earliest homeopathists of this city.

Dr. David Sifiipr.\Rr> SMITH was born in Camden. N, J., on the j8th of April, 1816, and is the son of Isaac Smith, of Salem County, in that State. The immediate ancestors of Dr. Smith's mother were Welsh, and manifested in a high degree, the tenacity of purpose, determination of character and healthful physique that are characteristic of that nation. To these inherited qualities Dr. Smith united laborious and painstaking industry, and early exhibited intense desire for the best moral and intellectual culture; the first he received from his mother ; the latter he obtained by persevering application. At the age of seventeen he entered the office of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, as a medical student, and attended three courses of lectures at the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia: graduating from that justly celebrated school in 1836. In 1837, he returned to Camden, N. J., to visit his parents: and, at that time, became a catechumen of the Hahnemann school, and the investigations he pursued resulted in his embracing the tenets of this branch of medical science in 1843; Dr. Smith having returned to Illinois in 1838. The success that has attended his practice has been equaled by the advancement he has made in the scientific and sn<:ial circles of Chicago. V man oi great natur.h er. dowmcnts, of sterling integrity, of comprehensive benevolence and undiscriminating humanity;, the poor of the city learned the name of David Sheppard Smith as one whose heart was open to their appeals, and whose medical skill was always exercised to the healing of their diseases; - and this, too, at a time when the influential and wealthy made constant demands upon his services as a physician. His unremittent professional labors have twice necessitated the temporary relinquishment of his practice; the first time in 1856, when he removed to Waukegan; and the second in 1866, when he visited Europe. Dr. Smith married Miss Relvecca Ann Dennis, of Salem, New Jersey, in 1836. Four children resulted from this marriage, two of whom survive ; one. Mrs. Whitehead, wife of Major F. F. Whitehead, U. S. A. ; and the other Mrs. J. L. Ely, of New York City. Dr. Smith was president of the board of trustees of the Hahnemann Medical College from its inception ; and hail conferred upon him, by the Homeopathic Medical College of Cleveland, an honorary degree in 1S56. In 1 85 7 he was elected general secretary of the American Institute of Homeopathy; and, in 1858, was selected as president, and in 1865, as treasurer, of this national institution of physicians: and the conferring of these honors on this typical Chicago physician are but a fitting tribute to him.

Dr. John Taylor Temple, to whom reference is made elsewhere in this chapter, became a convert to homeopathy about 1S42, under the tutelage of Dr. D. S. Smith, and commenced practicing at Galena, that year. Dr. Temple was born in Virginia in 1804, ami married the daughter of the Rev. Dr. Siaughton who delivered the address of welcome to General Lafayette at Castle Garden, in 1822 , when he was about twentytwo years old. His eldest daughter. Leonora M. Temple, Is the widow of the Hon. Thomas Hoytie. Three other daughters - KlizalM'th, Mnrcclla and Josephine arc living, as is one son, John Howard Temple. About 1845, Dr. Temple made the overland trip to California, a difficult journey in those days, anil deemed almost as venturesome as a voyage to find the survivors of an Arctic exploration would be now. In the very early days of Chicago's history the Din tor, during his peregrinations, discovered copper in the Lake Superior region; excavated three sections of earthwork of the Illinois ft Michigan Canal; and, with John M. VanOsdel, applied new machinery for pumping water in the works of the canal. Dr. Temple was a proficient geologist, botanist and chemist, ami Rati one of those comprehensive and discriminative minds that instinctively descry the salient points of any topic or project. He was a restless, earnest, indefatigable worker, and whatever he did, he did with all his might; whether it was an anatomical demonstration, or duck-hunting; the latter amusement being a favorite one with the Doctor, he being an ardent devotee of the roil and gun. His life was an example to the men of his time; his death a loss to the scientific professions, and the society wherein he lived.

James Sterling Beach, who was a printer during theearly days of Chicago, determined <m abandoning the stick for the scalpel; and, in 1843, commenced reading medicine with Dr. Aaron Pitney. In July, 1846, Dr. Beach commenced practicing, somewhat before his course of study had qualified him to do so - according to the Doctor's statement - but in any case of undecided diagnosis he submitted the point in question to his preceptor, and acted according to his decision. It is pertinent to remark here, that Dr. Heach's strong point in his medical career has been the unfailing accuracy in diagnosing the diseases of his patients. One other fact

Miss Helen M. Stone in September, 1847; practiced with Dr. William Pierce, at 53 Randolph Street, in 1849; and was elected Coroner in 1854; completed the term of James Andrews, as Sheriff, in 1856 ; and graduated from the Cleveland Homeopathic College the class of 1S56-57. After Dr. Beach commenced the practice of medicine he abandoned all literary pursuits, either in the manufacture of "copy " or its transmutation to the "galley" ere it sailed before the public as printed matter. 'The Doctor has an extensive practice; and his cheery, jocund manner enlivens a sick-room fully as potentially as his skill alleviates the suffering of his patient.

The other homeopathic practitioners of early Chicago, who achieved reputation in their profession and remained in the city, are: George E. Shipman, Henry Kirke White Boardman, D. Alphonso Collon, (Jaylord I). Beebe, Nicholas Francis Cooke, Reuben Ludlam and Alvan Edmund Smalt. There were, of course, many other practitioners, but they only coruscated for a brief period in the homeopathic orbit. » Henry Kirke White Boardman came to Chicago in the fall of 1846, and practiced medicine according to the old school until 1851 ; when he became a homeopathist. He was a graduate of the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, and was a student of the celebrated Dr. Mutter. The distinguishing feature of l>r. Boardman's practice was his surgery; in this branch he had few compeers. He was married ; and died about

GaYLORO D. Bkf.be was born May 28, 1835, at Palmvra. W ayne Co., N. Y. His father was a farmer tn rather indigent circumstances ; and l>eing unable u> provide the means to furnish his son with a liberal education, the latter determined upon leaving home ami endeavoring to gratify his thirst for knowledge. In this project he was opposed by his father, and sustained by his mother - a noble Christian woman - and acting upon her advice and following his own intense desire, Iff- Beebe, at the age of seventeen, attended the Genesee Wcslcvan Seminary ; studied hard and worked harder in laboring for farmers and teaching school during «- cations, and, by economy, not alone paid for his tuition but saved enough money to support himself while stuping medicine. He pursued his medical studies for one Y., and then entered Albany ing medicine, rie pu year in Rochester, N. Medical College. During his occupancy of this instim tion he read medicine with Dr. Pratt, a leading homeopathic physician. He pursued a full course of studv » " rc and graduated with great credo, through his complete curriculum at tie remains to be stated, in connection with his early entry into the ranks of practicing physicians, that he was compelled to fill a hiatus in the corps of physicians occasioned by so many of them being sick with typhoid fever, when that disease was epidemic in 1846. E>r. Beach was born in Detroit, Mich., February 24, 1826 and came to Chicago in July, 1%?$ ; was married to the Albany College and graduated with great credit. He then went through his complete curriculum Homeopathic School of Medicine at Philadelphia: graduating therefrom in ,857 ; subsequent to wnicn re settled in Chicago, and very shortly afterward «as - ; sociated in homeopathic practice with Dr. A. b. a conclusive evidence of his medical proficiency, the outbreak of the Civil War, President Lteolncanmissioned him as brigade surgeon, but when m p sented himself before the State Medical Board wr» animation for this military position, they declined cj chising him, simply because he was a n»mc°P?1": _ Dr. Beebe then went to Washington, carrying wim a numerously-signed petition, asking for the appointment of a homeopathic surgeon, and the action of the officials there rendered his application a species of test case. Dr. Peebe procured an order from President Lincoln, decreeing that he should be examined, and presented himself before a board imbued vviih prejudice, not alone against homeopathy, but against Dr. Iteebe individually. His examination was consequently unusually rigorous, but his scientific knowledge was equal to the occasion. He triumphantly underwent the ordeal, and received his appointment as brigade surgeon. He was assigned to the command <-( General Hunter in Kansas, and while on duty there was once arrested by some Federal troops who mistook him for the celebrated Quantrell. He occupied several important positions upon the medical staff, until - when medical director of the Fourteenth Army Corps - he was compelled to resign 00 account of ill-health, in April, 1865, superinduced by unremittent labor and over exertion. Dr. Pccbe then returned to Chicago and resumed his civic practice, continuing therein until 186S, when his chronic cardiac affection recurred, and compelled the relinquishment of his practice, until 1874, when he resumed his office practice only, which he continued until the hypertrophy and dilatation of the heart, with which he had been so long afflicted, prostrated him in his last sickness in April, 1877; from which disease he died on the nth day of that month. Dr. Pec-be was married in 1863, to Miss Mary Hrewster, of Erie, Peitn. Dr. Peebe was a close, earnest and aggressive student in applying medical ex. pedients that commended themselves to his reasoning faculties. He was the first to use sulpho-carbolate of sodium as a preventive in scarlet fever: and although he made no claim to the discovery of this agent as a prophylactic, yet the world is indebted to him for its primary appliances, and the initial step to demonstrate the efficacy of this substance. Dr. Peebe was also the first to introduce the method of torsion in ovarian diseases, in place of the old clamps and ligatures. As a surgeon he was probable unexcelled in the profession, and the success that attended his intestinal operations is a matter of surgical emulation to the present day: one distinctive feature of such surgery being his fortuitous use of disinfectants to preclude gangrene. He made a special study of this class of drugs, and contended to the day of his' death that carbolic acid was a sovereign remedy for cancer, but that the danger attendant upon its use was such as to prevent its general adoption. The successful utilization of phenic acid, however, has demonstrated that the jeopardy was principally attributable to the chemical impurity of carbolic acid, and has revived and strengthened the claim Dr. Peebe originally made. His most successful operation was one performed upon a Mrs. Childs, of l.ee Centre, III., and was one wherein strangulated hernia had produced mortification of the abdominal visc.ra. In the operation a large quantity of the viscera was excised ; and in commenting upon this phenomenal case, that medical authority of the world, the London Lancet, said, " that since this operation life was never to be despaired of under any circumstances." An affectionate and just tribute is paid to him by Dr. N. F. Cooke, in the dedication of his work, " Antiseptic Medication : " "To the memory of Gay lord D. Peebe, the great surgeon whose genius 'foretold' all that is herein demonstrated; this book is dedicated, by his life-long friend and co laborer, the author."

The names of the gentlemen that have been cited are not to be considered as embracing all of Hahnemann's followers who have nourished in Chicago, but only as those who have become fused into the history of homeopathy in this city. They formed the medical Macedonian phalanx that penetrated opposition, that received the brunt of the affray ; and the survivors of which little coterie now enjoy the merited fruits of their perseverance and earnestness of purpose. They are a hardy, working assemblage of pugnacious pathological pioneers, and, like the pilgrim fathers of Mrs. Heliums, -- have left unstained what there they " formed : freedom to practice medicine according to the convictions of the individual.

One obstacle encountered by the new school can be discerned by reading the following open letters that appeared in the Northwestern Journal of Homeopathy for October, 1850 :

Dr. SlIU'MAN: (luring the session of iS-ig anil i??o I attended a course of lectures at the Rush Medical College in Chicago, and was desirous of attending the ensuing course, and receiving the honors of the College, as I should have been entitled to do had none but the ordinary tests of qualification Ins n applied tome. Hut wishing to have the matter fully undestooo previous to securing tickets for another course. 1 addressed the following to the Secretary of the faculty, and received the accompanying reply :

ST. Ciuri.es, III.. September 12, 1850. Dr. N.S. Davis - Sir: 1 am a homcopalhtst from a conviction of the truth of the principles and the efficacy of the practice of homcopathta. With the-v views, will you graduate me if I comply with the ordinary requisitions of the faculy?

M. Daniel Cos

CHICAC.o, September 16, 1S50. Mr. DANIEL Cof. - /Mir Sir : I am directed to inform you that the faculty of Kush Medical College will not recommend you to the trustees for a degree so long as they have any reason to suppose that you entertain the doctrines, and intend to trifle with human life on the principles you avow in your letter. To do otherwise would involve both parties in the grossest inconsistency. Very rcspcctlullv yours,

There is no need of recounting the various arguments used pro and con relative to this correspondence ; it demonstrated, however, that homeopathists could not graduate from Rush Medical College ; and the fact must have been apparent to them of the necessity for a college of their own, where the adherents of the homeopathic school could pursue the requisite course of study and graduate as doctors of medicine. To discuss the necessities of the new school of medicine, a homeopathic convention was convened, and the Gem of the Prairie thus commented upon the science whose adherents were about to assemble : " That although oldschool practitioners at first regarded the 4 infinitesimal philosophy ' as a delusion, and that it was still regarded by the great body of them as a system of quackery, it had gained a strong position, and was growing daily, both in this country and in England. In fact, it recognized homeopathy as something which could not be ignored or sneered out of existence."

A preliminary meeting was heltl at the office of Messrs Skinner and Hoyne.* at the corner of Lake and Dearborn streets, on June 3d, 185 1. Prof. L. Dodge, of Cleveland, was called to the chair, and Dr. T. G. Coinstock, of St. I.ouis, appointed secretary. The special design of the meeting was announced to be the formation of a Western homeopathic association. A committee on credentials was appointed, consisting of D. S. Smith, M. D., Chicago; L. M. Tracy, M. D., Milwaukee, and George E. Shipman, M. D.. Chicago, who presented the following resolution as a basis of the action of the convention:

RttottvJ, Th:il llnwe prevent shall be considered KMbeW of this convention who have conformed loi...- etMing niolii.nl institutions of the country, or who have been engaged in the practice of medicine five years, (being avowed believers in, and practitioners of, homeopathy,) or who shall have pas«ed an examination In-fore the committee

This resolution was passed, and, under its provisions, the following gentlemen were reported by the committee as qualified to seats in the convention: Lewis

I he antagonism between the two medical schools »mained quiescent until the friends of homeopathy considered that official recognition was due the practitioners thereof and on March ,4, iSS7)apetition numerously signed by prominent citizens of Chicago, was presented to the Common Council, requesting that some portion of the new City Hospital might be allotted o the homeopathic physicians, for the treatment of patients according to their school of practice. The pelt.on was referred to the Board of Health, and this body, upon July 9, .857, appointed two medical and 55SS Cit>' HOSpita1' -"Stated as fession bad a <Lci led tourney, and the Board of Health unable to discern any way of bridging the patholfKrical abyss and of acceding to the petition referred to them took refuge in inaction; anil the hospital remained, nut BJone unprovided with physicians, but without furniture 1 he Common Council also evaded the issue bv declar^ mg the city too poor to make the expenditures requisite for the establishment of the hospital, and then, in 18,8 leased the building to some " regular " physicians, who established therein a public hospital, cared for the 1 "«nty p mr and g ive din - al dcmousti mors mim-ipally to the students of Rush Medical College. In 1803 the General Government confiscated the building and transformed it into a general hospital, with Surgeon Bmckholst McVickar in charge, and with George K. Amerman and J. P. Ross, as acting assistant surgeons. The hospital was shortly afterward changed in its scope of treatment, and soldiers afflicted with ophthalmic or auricular diseases were alone received there; Dr. [oseph S. Hildreth living in charge; the hospital remaining under his administration until the close of the civil war, when it became the DeMarr Eye and Ear Hospital; subsequent to which it became the County Hospital.

HOMEOPATHIC Pharmacy. - The first homeopathic pharmacy was established bv Dr. David Sheppard Smith, at his office, in 1844.' The rapid growth of homeopathir practice necessitated the establishment of a depot in Chicago, and Dr. Smith procured a supply of the medicines of this school, which he furnished to his brother physicians as required. The pharmacy was an unpretentious affair, but was fully adequate to the purpose for which it was designed; enabling the homeopathic practitioners to prescribe "secundum artem," for their patients. About 1854. Dr. Reuben Ludlam became associated with Dr. Smith, and the business amounted to several thousands of dollars annually. In r8<6, Dr. ( '-eorge E. Shipman started a pharmacy at 94 La Salle Street, but the management was, shortly after its inception, transferred to C. S. Halsey, who removed the pharmacy to 108 Wells Street, and associated with him Benjamin Cowell. Jr. No homeopathic dispensary appears to have been regularly established before the year 1858.

The first Homeopathic Hospital was established in 1854, by Dr. George E. Shipman, at 10 Kinzie Street, a little east of State; the funds being supplied by private subscription. The impetus to the founding of the hospital was given by Madame Wright, who promised Dr. Shipman $1,000 a year toward the maintenance of the hospital, if it was" established. Dr. S. W. Graves, a homeopathic physician, was among the first of those who died in the hospital; he being seized with the cholera while in attendance upon his patients and. having neither intimate friends nor relatives in the city, went to the hospital. Of this physician it is authoritatively stated, that, in the unremitting exercise of his duties among those afflicted with the cholera, he went almost without sleep for fourteen nights and partook of the merest snatches of food, taken irregularly: and thus from the enfeebled condition of his constitution, fell an easy prey to the disease; a martyr to his profession. In January, 1S55, Mrs. Peter Nelson, assumed the position of matron of the institution, which she retained until its close. In the commencement of May. 1855,3 species of "ex post facto" organization of the hospital was made by a meeting of homeopathic physicians, held at the office of Dr. D. S. Smith, on LaSa'lle Street, near Madison; the site of which office is now occupied by the Mercantile Building. At this meeting J. H. Dunham was president, Dr. D. S. Smith, vice-president, and

Dr. George E. Shipman, secretary. The following gentlemen were elected to attend the patients at Dr. Shipman's hospital: Physicians: George E. Shipman, D. S. Smith and Reuben Ludlam.

The, following gentlemen were also appointed a Hoard of Directors; J. H. Dunham. Hon. J, M. Wilson, Hon. Norman B. Judd, Orringtun Lunt, J. S. Doggett, Dr. D. S. Smith, Dr. George E. Shipman, George A. Gibbs, William H. Brown and Thomas lloyne.

In addition to the physicians thus appointed, and who took monthly tours of service in the performance of their duties, a large proportion of the other homeopathic physicians, then in the city, attended the patients, and so successful was this exercise of their skill, that of three hundred and twenty-one patients treated in the twenty-eight months prior to the closing of the hospital, but nine died; and of twenty-seven small-pox eases, clinically treated, but one terminated fatally, and this case was the first admitted to the hospital.

Upon the death of Mrs. Wright, her trustees could not recognize the verbal arrangement made with Dr. Shipman. and the hoineopathists of those days being but a small fraction of the population of the city, the treasury became depleted. A vain effort was made by the attending physicians to tide over the financial dearth by contributing $500 of their own sparse funds, the rent of the hospital also having augmented from nothing to §1,000 per annum. Dr. Shipman therefore

Hahnemann College. - As recounted in the history of homeopathy, the urgent need for a homeopathic college was early experienced by the practitioners of that science, anil I lavid Sheppard Smith determined on supplying the want. Accordingly, in 1853, a draft for a oharter was sent to a member of the Legislature of this State, in whose hands it failed of fruition. Dr. Smith then went to Springfield and endeavored to find the missing charter, contemplating making a personal effort to secure its legalization, but the charter was nowhere to be found. Meeting Hon. Thomas Hoyne, Dr. Smith explained the predicament, and Mr. Hoyne took the Doctor to the law-office of Abraham Lincoln, where Dr. Smith drafted a new charter, and exerted himself to achieve its passage; which was accomplished in January,

1855* The trustees under the act of incorporation were: D. S. Smith, M. Hon. Thomas Hoyne,* Orrinton Lunt, George A. Gibbs, Joseph R. Doggett. George E. Shipman, M. D., Hon. John M. Wilson, William H. Brown, Hon. Norman B. Judd, and J. H. Dunham. The trustees upon organization installed J. H, Dunham, as president; D. S. Smith, M. D., as vice-president, and George E. Shipman, M. D., as secretary and treasurer.

* Dr. Smith and Mr. Horn* wen- tir //(.7.- the Hahnemann College for many year», but the infmiim of new material into the boird, gave it an accwsiuo of modem vitality, and imparled the vigoroui growth it now enjoy*.

Banks And Banking

The Currency of the early clays prior to 1830 was subject to wide suspicion, limited only by the extreme necessities which make money necessary at any cost. 1 n fact, the volume of money coin in all the regions west of Detroit was too meager to he computed. Money was little needed, as nearly the entire business consisted of barter of blankets, beads, traps, guns and ammunition with the Indians for the products of the hunt. The very early exchanges which involved the payment of money were made through the Indian traders. Perhaps Gordon S. Hubbard was the first white man who ever did anything resembling a banking business in Chicago. Although not then known as a banker, he kept a good credit account at several points east of Chicago and could draw a bill of exchange on Buffalo which was sure to be honored on presentation. The currency in use at that time was mostly silver coin. No paper money was known except such rude scrip as might be issued by the Indian traders, which, to their credit, was always redeemed according to promise.

First Banking Law. - No State legislation on banking which had any direct bearing on the nankin" business of Chicago was had prior to 18^5. As early as TS16 an act was passed incorporating ilie " President Directors and Company of the Hank of Illinois," at .Shawneetown. It was the earliest effort at legal bank- « ing in Illinois and the provisions of the charter were not unlike those of the other "wiid-cat" banks that furnished the worthless and irredeemable paper money scattered through the West in early times, and which was the only paper money issued by banks then known in Chicago. I he act is given entire as furnishing the modern reader a definite idea of the legal basis on which the stock shall In- paid at such limes and in such installments as the directors may order: Provided, That no installment shall exceed twcntv.livc percent on the stuck subscribed for, and that at ka-t sixty days' notice be given in one or more public newspapers intlie Territory : And provided also, that if any subscriber shall fail i>. make the second payment at the time appointed bv the directors for such payment to be made, shall forfeit the sum so bv him. her, or them hrst paid, to ami fur the use of the corporation.

SBC. 3. lie it further enacted, That all those who shall become subscribers to the said bank, their successors and shall be and they arc hereby enacted and made a corpora body politic, by the name and style of " The President, Director and Company of the Hank of Illinois," and shall so continue until the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and thirtyseven, and by that name shall be and is hereby made able aiid capable in law, to have, purchase, receive, possess, enjoy, and retain to them and their successor-., lands, rents, tenements, 'hereditaments, goods, chattels and effects of what kind, nature or quality soever, to an amount not exceeding in the whole live hundred thousand dollars, including the capital stock aforesaid, ami the same to grant, demise, alien, or dispose of. to sue and be sun!, plead and be impleaded, answer and answered, defend and be defended, in courts of record or any other place whatever; ami also to make, have and use a seal, and the same lo break, alter and renew at pleasure, and also lo ordain, establish and put intoexecu. tion such by-laws, ordinances and regulations as they shall ckem necessary and convenient for the government 'if the said corporation, not inconsistent with the laws of the Territory or constitution, and generally to do, perform and execute all and singular ads. matters and things which to them it may appertain to do, subject however to the rules, regulations, limitations, and provisions hcreinalter prescribed and declared.

See. 4. licit further enacted. That for the well ordering of the affairs of the said corporation, there shall be twelve directors, the first election of whom shall tie by the stockholders by plurality of votes actually given, on such day as the person appointed to superintend the subscriptions for stock shall appoint, by giving at least thirty days" notice in all the public newspapers of the Territory, and those who shall be duly chosen at any election shall he capable of serving as directors by virtue of such choice, until the full end or expiration of the llr-.l 'Monday of lanuary next ensuing the time of such election, and no longer ; and on the first Monday of January in each and every year thereafter, the election h* directors shall be holden. and the said directors at their first meeting after each election, shall choose one of their 1

Sec. 5. He it further enacted. That in case it should hap|«i at any time lhat an election for directors should not be had upon any day, when, pursuant to this act, it ought to have !>ecn balden, the corporation shall not for that cause be considered as dissolved : but it shall be law ful to hold an election for directors on any other day, agreeable to such bv-laws and regulations a> may be ni3de for the government of said corporation, and in such case the directors for the lime being shall continue to execute and discharge «he several duties of the directors until such election is duly had and made ; anything in the fourth section of this act to the contrary notwithstanding : And it is further provided. That in case of death resignation or removal of director or directors, the vacancy shall be Idled by election for the balance of the year.

Sec. 6. He it further enacted, That a majority o) ft* directors, for the time being, shall have power to appoint such officers, clerks and servants under them, as shall be necessary for executing the business of ihc said corporation, and to allow llieni such compensation for their services respectively as shall be reasonable, and shall be capable of exercising such other powers and authorities for the well governing and ordering of the affairs.)! the said corporation as shall be prescribed, fixed and determined by the laws., regulations and ordinances of the same: Provided always. That a majority of the whole number of directors shall be requisite in the choice of a president and cashier.

SRC 7- 15c it further enacted, That the following rules, restrictions, limitations and provisions, shall form and l>e Ibe fundamental articles of the constitution of the said corporation, to wit:

HMitM in voting <<" directors, shall be according to the number of «r» hc\ she or they nuv respectively hokl. in the proportion* following - that is to say, for one share ami not more than two duires. one vote ; for every two shares uhovr two ami not exceedintj ten, one vote ; for every four shares above ten and not exceedng thirty, one vote : for every six shares above thirty and not .'acceding sixty, one vote ; for every eight shares above sixty and not exceeding one hundred, one vote ; for every ten shares exceedtug one hundred shares, one vote ; and after the election, no share jr shares shall confer a right of voting, which shall not have been holders three calendar months previous to the day of election.

(Sh The Governor of the State or Territory is hereby appointed agent for the Legislature to vote for president, directors anil cashier of said bank, and is hereby entitled to exercise the right of voting for the same in proportion to the number of shares actually subscribed for by the Legislature, in the same rain, that individuals, or other bodies politic or corporate, arc entitled to vote for ; and the said agents hereby appointed shall exercise the power hereby vested in him until the Legislature shall make other regulations respecting the same, and no longer.

(31. None but a bona ride stockholder, being a resident citizen of the Territory, shall be a director: nor shall a director be entitled to any other emolument than such as shall be allowed by the stockholders at a general meeting, but the directors may make such compensation to the president for his extraordinary attendance at the bank as shall appear to them reasonable and just,

(4). Not less than four directors shall constitute a board for the transaction of business, of whom the president shall always be one. except in case of sickness, or necessary absence, in which case his place may be supplied by any other director, whom he, by writing under his own hand, may depute for that purpose.

(5t. Any number of stockholders, not less than tifteen. who shall be proprietors of not less than fifty shares, shall have power to call a general meeting of the stockholders fur purposes relative to the institution, by giving at least thirty days' notice in one or more of the public newspapers of the Territory, specifying in such notice the object or objects of such meeting, and may. moreover, appoint three of their members as a committee to examine into the state and condition of the bank, and the manner in which its affairs have been conducted Provided. That no numl*'r of such committee .shall be a director, president or other officer of any other bank.

(6) . Kvcry cashier, before he enters upon the duties of his office, shall be required to give bond with two or mine sureties to the satisfaction of the directors in a sum not less than $10,000, conditioned for his good behavior and the faithful performance of his duties to the said corporation: and the other officers ami servants shall also enter into (wind and security in such sum as the president and directors may prescribe.

(7) . The lands, tenements, and hereditaments which it shall be lawful for the said corporation to hold, shall be only such as shall l>e requisite for its immediate accommodation in relation to the convenient transaction of its business, and such as shall have been bona tide mortgaged to it by way of security, or conveyed to it in satisfaction of debts previously contracted in course of its dealings, or purchased upon judgments' which shall have been obtained for such debts.

(8) . The total amount of debts which the said corporation shall at any time owe, whether by bond, lull or note or other contract, shall not exceed twice the amount of their capital actually paid over anil above the moneys then actually deposited in the bank for safe keeping; and in case of excess the directors, under w hose administration it shall happen, shall be liable for the same in their natural and private capacities, anil an action of debt may be brought against them, their or any of their heirs, executors or administrators, in any court competent to try the same, or either of them, by any creditor or creditors of the said corporation; but this provision shall not be construed to exempt the said corporation, or the lands, tenements, goods or chattels of the same from being liable for and chargeable with the said excess; such of the said directors who may have been absent when the said excess was contracted or created, or who may have dissented from the resolution or act whereby it was contracted or created, mav respectively exonerate themselves from being so liable by forthwith giving notice of the fact, and of their absence or dissent, at a general meeting of the stockholders, which thev shall have power to call for that purpose.

(Ql. The said corporation shall not directly or indirectly deal or trade in anvthing except bills of exchange, gold or silver, or in sale of goods really and truly pledged for money lent and not legally redeemed in due time, or of goods which shall be the produce of its lands; neither shall the said corporation take more than at the rate of six per cent per annum for or upon its loans or discounts,

(to). The shares of the capital stock of the said corporation shall be assignable and transferable at any time, according to such rules as shall be established in that behalf, by the laws and ordinances of the same; but no stock shall be transferred, the holder thereof being indebted to the bank, until such debts be satisfied, except the president ami directors shall otherw ise order it.

(til. The bills obligatory and of credit, under the seal of said corporation, w hich shall be made payable to any pcrs.ni or persons, sliall be assignable by an endorsement thereupon, and shall possess the like qualities as to negotiability, and the holders thereof shall have and maintain the like actions thereon as if such hills obligatory ami of credit had hern made by or on behalf of a natural person: anil all bills or notes which may he issued by order of the said corporation, signed by the president and countersigned by the principal cashier or treasurer thereof, promising the payment of money to any person or persons, his, her or their order, or to bearer, though not under the seal of the said corporation, shall Ik' binding and obligatory upon the same, in like manner and with like forceami effect as'upon any private person or persons, if issued by him. her or them, in his. her or their private or natural capacity or capacities, and shall be assignable and negotiable in the like manner as if they were so issued by such private person or persons - that is to say, which shall be payable to any person or persons, his, her or their order - shall tic assignable by endorsement, in like manner and with like effect as bills of exchange now arc: and those which are payable to bearer shall be assignable and negotiable by deliver)' only.

(12). Half yearly dividends shall be made of so much of the profits of the bank as shall l>c deemed ( \ (Kiiient and proper; and once in every three years the directors shall lay before the stockholders, at a general meeting, an exact and particular statement of the debts w hich shall have remained unpaid, after the expiration of the original credit, for a period of treble the time of that credit, and of surplus of profit lif anyl after deducting losses and dividends. If there shall be a failure in the payment of any part of any sum subscribed to the capital stock of said bank, the party failing shall lose the dividend which may have accrued prior to the time of making such payment tinting the delay of the same

SEC, S. And be it further enacted, That the said corporation shall not at any time suspend or refuse payment in gold and silver, or of any of it's notes, bills or obligations", nor of any moneys received upon deposit in said bank or in its office of diwouni and deposit ; ami if the said corporation shall at any time refuse or neglect to pay on demand any bill, note or obligation issued by the corporation according to contract, promise or undertaking therein expressed, or shall neglect or refuse to pay on demand any moneys received in said bank, or in its office aforesaid or deposit, the person or persons entitled to receive the same, then, and in every such case, the holder of any such note, bill or obligation, or the person or persons entitled to demand and receive the same, shall recover interest in the said bills, notes, obligations or moneys uilil the same shall be fully paid and satisfied at the rale of twelve per centum pit annum from the lime of such demand as aforesaid; [', ,vi,;, !. T1 .it the I cgiv unite if this I erriWn BBj . II ray MM hereafter, enact Laws to enforce and regulate the recovery of the amount of the notes, bills, obligations, or debts, of which payment shall have been refused as aforesaid, with the rate of interest above mentioned; vesting jurisdiction for that purpi»se hi any courts either of law or equity within this Territory.

Ski', o.. Be it further enacted. That' John Marshall. David Apperson. Samuel Mays, Leonard White ami Samuel K. Campbell, or any three of themi shall be commissioners for the purpose ol receiving subscriptions and who shall have power to appoint a person to receive the money required to be paid at the lime of subscribing, and the said receiver shall, as soon as the directors ate appointed, pay over the same into the hands of such person as the directors may direct.

SSC. 10. Be it further enacted. That the aforesaid corporation shall not lie dissolved previous to the expiration of their charter, nor until their debts, contracts, notes, bills of exchange, and undertakings in their corporate capacity, shall be finally and faithfully settled; Provided, also, That after the expiration of their charter, they shall not transact business, according to the true intent and meaning of this act, further than to settle and close their contract* as above provided. This act to take effect from and after its passage. Willis Harcravk. Sfi.-at.-r of tht House of A'rfnsrntativeS.

Under the Territorial ( Jovernment, two other banks were chartered, tine at Edwanlsvillc and one at Cairo, under charters the provisions of which were similar to that above quoted. Their existence had ceased before Chicago became an element in the banking of tlte State. The Cairo Hank had a somewhat mythical existence until 1SJ6, at which time it was brought into actual life for speculative purposes, issued its full quota of paper money, flourished for a time, and finally succumbed to the rough financial storms of the times. Its charter was repealed on the 4th of March. 1S43.

The Edwardsvillc Hank and the Hank of Illinois at Shawneetown became banks of deposit, and received the public moneys arising from the sale of public lands in Illinois. The Edwardsvillc Hank failed in 1819-20, owing large sums to depositors, winch it never paid. The United States brought suit against the bank for its deposits and obtained a judgment for $54,000, which proved valueless. The bills, of course, became worthless. The bank at Shawneetown showed more vitality, being under more skillful financial management. It went into business immediately after its charter was granted, and being a repository of Government funds, acquired an extensive credit, which it kept unimpaired until the general failure of all the Kentucky banks in 1821. It was one of the last to suspend, which it did August 2i, and was one of the very few banks of the time that ever paid even a dividend on its indebtedness. It managed to compromise its debts both public and private, by means it is not necessary here to explain, and save its franchises under its charter. It remained dormant until February 12, 1855, at which time an act was passed to extend its charter for twenty years, from the first day of January, 1S37. Under the extended charter the bank was authorized to receive interest for loans made: "On loans for six months or under, at the rate of six percent per annum; and on loans over six months at the rate of eight per cent per annum." All stock not responding to the calls to be forfeited, and the one hundred thousand dollars of stock reserved to the Slate to be sold to the highest bidder, and the proceeds paid over to the State Treasurer for the benefit of the Slate. In lieu of all other taxes, the Bank was to pay into the State Treasury, annually, one-half of one per cent on the capital stock paid in.