Cook County, Illinois - The whole text, 1884 (part 5 of 61)

" Curiam was immediately ordered to designate and put apart every article connected with this transaction. Mr. lobn P. J|n/cl accompanied him ami took the account exhibited to you I his morn, ing. in conformity m which. I lo day delivered you 5 common calico shirts, 19 Cotton llandkfs, 5 Smifi lloxrs, 1 Skein Worsted Yarn 30 Strings Wampum, f.2 I lawk Hells, ;.H i-j pairs l arge Square Ear llolis. 117 small Double Crosses and to vds. Indian I alien being everything put into oar hands bv Kdward' Cphani. as apper. laming in any manner to the purchase in question. In reply 10 your letter dated Chicago. 3d June, 1819, J have only lo remark that Ihe duty of Kdward Cpham. or any roller person employed bv Ihe American Fur Company, in their 'Indian Trade, was and is solely and exclusively to exchange Hie goods entrusted to their management, for the products of the country they are placed in ; but neither him nor any other pcison ever possessed ihe power 10 purchase anything whatever rm the Company's account, unless specially authorized to that effect in writing. The Cash price of Cood Muskrnt Skins at ihis place during the past summer was 2, cents per skin.''

" Dtmr&f t - Vltutll me to tender yon my most sincere thanks for the interest you took in securing thai part Which we received of our claim against Mr. Chandonnait. and you will still add lo the obligation by using your influence in gelling nnvlhing more thai may I* praclicahle from him doling Ihe winter and ensuing spring. It is probable he will draw a good many of his credits j and it is much belter for us to pay him even more than Ihe market price for his skins, than get nothing at all. You and Mr. Ileaubien will therefore use your own discretion in ihis respect, for we have all conlidence in your doing everything in your power for our benefit. If the lands he received from Ihe Indians (either last or this year's treaty) arc oonlinn'dtohim, can you not get a mortgage on ihrm pray spur Ihe fellow to exertion, for we wholly depend cm the vigilance of yourself and Mr. Beatlbtcn for what may hereafter be procured : I will thank you to v-nd me a few pieces rif good Hickory, sufficient to make or 4 dozen Axe Helves ; if you tan send them by return of ihe ' Jackson,' it w ill be preferable. John enjoys good health, ami will, I have no doubt, turn out a line fellow . I am much pleased with his conduct and will give him every advantage ihis place and his situation affords."

From tile above letters it is evident that |ohn Kinzie was engaged largely in tfie fur trade after his return to Chicago 111 1816. and was not entirely confined to his trade of silversmith, as has been believed. A letter from I )avid. Stone, agent of the American Fur Company at Detroit in 1825. shows that John Crafts was alive at that time, and the agent of the company at Chicago. [ This letter is in the possession of the Chicago Historical Society.] It was written at Detroit, June 30. 1825, and was evidently to Ramsey Crooks. The address is lost. The letter is as follows :

" Dt-tr Sir; I understand from Coquillard,* that it is very important for his trade that there should be some w hiskey deposited at Chicago subject to his order. He say, Ik-rlrand always sells whiskey lo Ihe Indian trade, which gives him a great advantage. He says the whiskey can be landed on one side of the St. Joseph Kiver where it will be on I'nitcd States lands, that it may be transported all the way to his house on (iovcrnmenl land. 1 1 is house is also on Covcrnment land, and this he thinks a protection. If I understand Judge Polk's construction of the low regulating Indian

- Alexis CiailUnl was afterward the clerk of the Ainrnmn r'nr Cmnrwnv M SI JoMph. In iSj; Mr. James Abbott wr.le of him in a letter M Mr. Koorrl Stui.ri. "In Ki-I.ili.ni to Mr. Coquillnrd, it may be proper tftofeMtVI Hut lie >- an excellent clerk but rather of 11 singular character, anil must km t can l« -dime t.irhun. I shall, nevertheless, bear : .... " iradc, this would lie mi protection to the propem- «> lung as the IMBllj is occupied tiv Indian*. To MM I his seems like a forced constructicni lo meet the caw of Wallace .V Davis's goods. (At on ihis subject, as I did not know what would be done 1, however. told dim the matter would lie refcrrrd to Mr. Sluart. mho would let him know though Mr. I'ralts what provision would be made. Coquillard sav> I.eneral Tipton gave him a license last vear, and permission to take a few barrels ol whiskev I believe a young nun by the name of It. isie has gone lo t hicago or it* vicinity for Schwartz. If Mr. Crafts lias left Mackinaw, it would lie well to advise him of this. Si hw irtr d.*s not conduct hi- business either uiih prudence or economv. I am told he makes great calculations on this Shoul.l he Ik: pievenled fr..m

"I luit found | small account against the American Far for a set of tart I tuxes and some Corn l!aske|s which »lr. traits gave Havid doner an order to purchase for the t hi- CTgOadveWare, I h?vc pad the same and charge the amount lo your department and forward you the account herewith.''

John Crafts. mentioned in the above letter, remained at the Lee place, as trailer for C'onanl \ Mack until about t8». the fall of 1818 lean Bapttste Beau, hum was transferred from Milwaukee to < Ibicaim by the American Kur Company, as its a«cnt. He erected a small trading-house at the mouth of the Chicago River then about the foot of what is now Midfoot! Street ami commence.) business. After a few vears he sueceeded m obtaining |arKe a share of the Indian trade

Amencan Fur Company, ami Mr. Crabs I* , £ Incao,, agen with Mr. Rea.tbiet, under him. , | rafts remained in charge of the Chicago house i is plently of furs and Indians in the countn- " Mr Wallate was on the Lower Wabash as late as l8t|.«! and at the same time John H, Davis was clerk for the American Fur Company on the Upper Wabash. It is very possible that these two composed the firm of "Wallace \ Davis," as there was a John ( I.. ? Davis residni>; here in 1S30. Mr. Wallace was living in Hardscab- We in the winter of 1816-27, a"«' is said to have died 111 Chicago, In 1S2*. after the abandonment of the I nited States Factory at Chicago, by Covemment. the factory building was bought bv the American Fur Com. pany.and soon after sold to fohn B. Beaubien, who made it his dwelling house, After the death of John Crafts in 18*5, John Kinzie was appointed agent of the Company. He moved, after the " Winnebago St are," front his old home on the North Side t., the house of Mr Beaubien. and .bed soon after, having his residence there although absent on a visit to bis daughter in the fort at the tune of bis death.

I he Indian trade had become comparatively unimportant in the region of Chicago liefore the death ..l Mr. Kin/ie The treaty with the l'ottawatomies and neighboring tribes, and their consequent removal to the West a few years later, terminated what importance the place still retained as a trading station.

Thk KiN/if. Family. - The biography of John Kinzie has already been given. In tnat is included the hislory of Margaret Mckenzie, the mother of his three eldest children - William, James and Elizabeth,

WlLMAM, the oldest son. accompanied his mother to V irginia, on her separation from Mr. Kin/ie. lie was then niarrii'd, and Wbeeqacutl* removed to Indiana, where he died.

JAMIs Kiv/ii. who «u> at Ik-trmt, April 21. 179V rc turned to the West so,,,, ajtei the close of the War of 1S12. As early as the summer ol 1S1S he was a irader connected with the American h ur Company, and in 1S21 is mentioned by the Untied Slates Factor It Caret* Bay *l having been - detected in selling large .|uamilics of whiskey to the Indians at and near Milwalkv of Lake Michigan; In ...nscqnence of uhich the Indian agent at » hicago directed him lo clr^e his concerns at Milwalkv in Mat)' days, and leave the place." lie probably came 10 fhi«8o soon after this. ;>. Uafk lieaubien lionght a log h«u<« of him in iSiu In ISM, m eompaat with Archikil.l Caldwell, he built a lavern at Wolf l-oin:, on the West Side, at the -forks" of the river. Mr. Caldwell vo|,| his interest lo Kin/ie and the latter rented the house to Elijah Wentworth. who arrived'at Chicago in Ihe fall ol isi.j ,hc Wolf Tavern in 1830. Mr. Kinzie built, >n 1^33. the Creen free Tavern on the northeast comer of North > anal and West Lake streets, its name being from a sniiiafv oak which stood near. This hold, afterward called the Chicago Hotel was situated, together with the dwelling of Mr. Kin/ie, and the shier of Messrs. Kin/ie Hall, on Lot 7. lilock jj, oritfinal Town ol Lhu-ago. Mr. Kin/ie's partner was his half brother. Mr. Hall, Mho formerly resided in Virginia. Mr. Kin/ie was one of the trustees of the School Section in December, 1^ ; the lirst ShenlT appointed by the < xnernor for Uook County ! the lirst town auctioneer ; and »ne of the Town Trustee, in'lSis. He married his >rst wife. Leah See, daughter of William See, a preacher and blacksmith, who also lived at Wolf I'oint. Mr. Kin/ie removed to K.icinc (then K.»,t K.vcr I. Wis. a* car|v u Hje, »heie hh wife died June 22. 1S35. ( m his removal to Racine he il lirst opened a store for white and Indian trade, and afterward engaged in mill- ,"K. 1 ml. Arming. I he second wife of Mr. Kinzie was Virginia Male, who survived him. He removed from Ka. ine lo the interim

and died in Clyde, Iowa Co., Jannan n, t606. rut hu/;m:l'" Kl.NZtK, sister of William and James, tame to Chicago from \ irginia.and was married bv John Kinzie, her father, to Samuel Miller, July 29, iSiu. Mr. Miller was ihe owner of house on the North Sole, at the forks, which was used as a lavern and known as the M.llcr Mouse. He received a license as tavern keeper in April, is;,,, |,m tht hm|sc haJ |Msefl U^.L| fl,r ,|ult purpose several years prior to that date. In the spring of IS32, the -inter lamilv. with main .«thcrs. moved into Kort Dearborn, bom tear 0| the Indians, anil soon after that time Mrs. Miller died, and it is believed that Mr. Miller left C hicago the same vear Mr. nad been In partnership with Archibald Clybourne. seiliiiK goats, in 1829, and thev were that year authorized to keep a fern across the C hicago kiver "at the lower forks " He was one of the Commissioners of the County, and one of the first licensed inn keepers and merchants of the town, ile removed from Chicago t« Michigan Lily, where he died. Lmcago to

, , ", -\b!?Mh( year iSoo." John Kinrie married Mrs, BuuKOa ( Lytic ) McKlLLlr. 1 h,s lady had been a captive four year, when a child among the >cncca Indians, and upon her recovery her parents removed from the valley of the Albany, their home f.,r several years, to the safe ncighlxirhood of Detroit, settling at Crosse Potnte e « h, miles from the former post. wTR'S l.nwnel McKtliip, a Hntish nthcer. who was accidemlv killed near fort Defiance, in 1704. when in command at that post, leavinir one dauKhtcr. afterward Mrs. Margaret ( McKillip ) Helm. MlZ .Mrs. McKilhps rnamage to John Kinzie, ahout the vear 1800, she went with her huslrand to live on the St. Joseph River in Michigan, where now is the town of liertrand.and thenee came to Chicago ,n he summer of 1804. The story of her escape with her little children from the perils of the day of the lort Dearborn massacre and their »nl»cqucnt return to re-occupy the old home with her family, and her h.,spitablc kindly spirit/which made her house a home for every stranger, luis been often told. When the children had left the old roof for homes of their own or (wug

u kin'iL>»^nPP"»"-l "Sent of the American hur Company she went with him to the house of Mr. Iteaubin. and after 1ms death moved into the agency-house belonging to her son-in-law Dr. Wnlcott. on the North Side. In the spring of [831 with 1 her daughter, Mrs. Helm, she accompanied her son JoJin M. kinzie, and his wife on their return to Inn \Vinnel>a"o' iravching on horseback a large portion of the way. mounting her nor>c M spite of her sucty years " ami her incurable and terrible O.^asc. with the activity of a girl of sixteen " In the fall of the folhiwing year ( 1S3S J Mrs. Kinzie was taken by her son |ohn I . tolraine d.i Chicn ifof medical treatment, the' journey being nu«.ein an open boat from l ort Winnebago down the Wisconsin Klver the M.«.«.ppj. Her disease-., cancer ii, the face- uinirable. After remaining some months in I'rairie du Chicn returned to f ort Winnebago, and thence went to New York Lily, where she died early in the year 1834.

At a meeting of the Chicago Historical Society July II, '«77. Hon. 1. N. Arnold, President of the .Society rend the following sketch of the late Colonel John M Kinzie, eldest son of John and Eleanor Kinsie, which he received from Mrs. Nellie Kinzie) Gordon, daughter <> John H. Kinzie. and which was written bv the late Mrs. Juliette A. Kinzie, his wife :

John M. Kinzik was born at Sandwich, U. C, on the 7lh of I*. 1803. It was not by design that his birthplace was in the llril.sh Dominions, for his mother was patriotic beyond most of her sex but having crossed the river from Detroit, the place of her temporary sojourn, to pass the day with her sister. Mrs. William rorsvth, it so happened that before evening her eldest so,, drew his »irst breath on a foreign soil. While still an infant he was carried an Indian cradle, on the shoulders of a French tmmgt, to their \r u What "OW ,he "nvn of I{:lrtr-">'1 <-" die St. Joseph River, in Michigan. At one of their encampments, on the journey, lie made a narrow escape with his life, owing to the carelessness of t '" t>'ak-'ln>-, ,,im against a tree in the immediate proximity

"i a Maaing |,ri;. ,\ sp;irk craping. lodged in the neck of his uress, causing a fearful burn, of which he c.irricd the mark ever \ 1 S er having purchased the trading establishment of j,. , - !-e-Ma>. at the month of the Chicago River, removed with j*J ,amil.v to the place on the followi ny Year. Sume eommnir* of infantry, under command of Major loh'n Whistler, arrived at the same time - ath of July- and commenced the construction of Kort ' earbnrn At his home, on the banks of the river, nearly opprata >"e tort, the childhood of Mr. Kinzie was passed, until the break- '"J, "'I'ol the War of 1812. The frontier at that time afforded no -lo.ities for education. Whatchildren contrived 10 scramble into 7.'* acquired under the paternal roof. Mr. Kinzie lotwd to rhf T 1 upon one occasion, when on the opening of a ' ,,C'\ amonK <hc stores brought by the annual schooner, a I'elung-book was drawn f.rrlh and presented to him. His cousin, tanlrT. L?3I?,, M ,h;" limt' a memlierof his father's family, underhui r ?>' hlm '" rcad' although there seems to have been m utt,e patience and forbearance on the pari of the young peila- gognc to sweeten the task of learning, the exercises gave to the pupil a pleasan, assx-cmuon «itl, ,hc fragrance of green tea whkh always kept that spelling-book fresh in his mini A , *4ed soldier was upon one occasion engaged to lake charge of him S with the officer's children, but the teacher's habits of drunkinne* teSSESPZ He preserved a distinct reflection J". II ne |>arti. ulars that came under his own observation. The disci,, g^these thrilling events doubtless hHpeJ lo form i a,."cl1 * ,hal ^If-eu-'rol which characterized his Tit Wh 1,1 'h,! ,;'rcIums'»«CW^ "he massacre are baulk* to t : , J " ,nT Wl the garrison, some friendly chiefs, know, mg what was ,n contemplation by their voang men, who wo ,|d not

They were the next day escorted Iry the Chief " Robinson," and other friends, in their boat, to the St. Joseph River, to the home of Mme. Itertrand, a sister of the famous Chief To-pcc-nee-hcc haw, whence, after a short sojourn, they were carried to Detroit, and d* livered as prisoners of war to the llritisli commanding officer. Colonel McKce. The family, after the father rejoined them in the following winter, were established in the old family mansion, on the corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street, Detroit. One 0/ the saddest features of the ensuing winter was the spectacle of the suffering of the American prisoners, who were from time to time brought into headquarters by their Indian captors. The tenderness of feeling, which was a distinguishing trail in the subject of this sketch, made him ever foremost in his efforts to bargain with the savages for the ransom of the sufferers, and many were thus rescued, anil nursed, and caret! for - sometimes to the salvation of their lives, though ton often to merely a mitigation of the tortures they had undergone. Mr. Kinzie, Sr., had been paroled by General Proctor, but upon a suspicion that he was in correspondence with ficneml Harrison, who was known to be meditating an attempt to recover the city of Itetroit, he was seized and sent a prisoner to Canada, leaving his wife and young family to be cared for as they might, until, after the lapse of some months, the capture of the place by General Harrison secured them a fast friend in that noble and excellent man. The father was at length released and restored to his family, wilh one Military shilling in his pocket. That little coin has always been carefully preserved by lu> descendants, as a >of those troublous times. It so happened that in Detroit, as upon more remote frontiers, the advantage* of education were extremely limited. The war had disarranged everything. During the four years" sojourn of the family in this place the children had occasional opportunities of beginning at I school which promised well, but which, as a general rule, was discontinued at the end of the brst quarter. Amid such unpropitious circumstances were the rising generation at that day obliged to acquire what degree of learning they found it possible to attain.

In 1816, the Kimie family returned to theirdesolatcd home in Chicago 1 he bones of the murdered soldiers, w ho had fallen four years before, were still lying unburicd where thev had fallen The troops who rebuilt thefort colleclcdand interred these remains The corhns which 1 contained them were deposited near the bank of the river, which then had its outlet about at the foot of M adisnn Street. I he lu ting through the sand-bar for the harbor caused the lake to ^7,T£ . . «P<»ing the long range of coffin* and the r contents, which were afterwards cared for and reinterred by the civil authorities. In the year 1818, when he was in his sixteenth year. Colonel k.nzie was taken by his father to Mackinaw, to be indentured to the Amcr.can Fur Company, and placed under the care of Ramsey Crooks. ,0 learn." as the articles' express it, £ hrL K ?*tH! "f "^rcna,.dismK in all its various parts ami which his unsettled and eventful life lad made inevitable. To her explanations and judicious criticisms upon the books he read, and her patience in imparting knowledge fmm her own well-stored mind, he was indebted lor the ambition which surmounted earlv disadvantages, and made him the e.iual of many whose youthful n-ars have been trained in schools. Mr. Stewart was a severe diseiplinarian. lie believed that the surest way to make of a clerk a systematic and methodical man of business was never to overlook the slightest departure from the prescribed routine of duty. I'pon one occasion, young Kiu/ie, out of patience with the -low-dragging movements of a party of his employe's, who were engaged in hauling wood in sledges across the strait- from Bois Blank Island, took the reins from the hands of one, and drove across and returned with his had, to show the men how much more they could have accomplished if they had made the effort. Mr. Stewart's commcndation was, " Ah. you have changed your occupation for that ->'. hauling wood, have you ! Very well, you can continue it :"and, as the young man was too proud to ask to be relieved, he actually drove the sledge and brought wood through the bitter winter liil the ice gave way in May. His chief recreations throughout this period were trapping siher -gray foxes during any chance leisure hour in the winter, anil learning to play on the violin, his instructress being a half-breed woman. In 1814. being still in the employ of the Kur Company, he was transferred from Mackinaw to Prairie du < hien. He had made a visit to his parents on attaining his majority, and had returned to Mackinaw in a small boat, coasting the western shore of I.ake Michigan- lie was the first white man who set foot on shore at Wau-kee-gan - at least since the davs of the explorers. While at Prairie du I hien. Mr. Kimie learned the Winnebago language, and compiled a grammar, as far as such a task was practicable. The Ottawa. Pottawatomie, and Chippewa dialects he had been familiar with from his childhood. lie alio learned the Sioux language, and partially that of the Sauks and Foxes. About this lime, Colonel Kimie received an invitation from General Cass, then Governor of the Territory of Michigan, to become his private secretary, and in I Sat. he escorted a deputation of Winnebagoes to Washington to visit their Great Father, the President, lie was at the Treaty of" Butte des Moris" in the slimmer of 1S27, anil accompanied the Commissioner, Colonel Mc- Kenny. to the Portage of the Kox and Wisconsin rivers, 10 be present at the surrender of the " Red Bird," a Winnebago chief, who, with his comrades, had been concerned in the murder of the Garnicr family at Prairie du Chien, Mr. Kimie took a different view of the actual complicity of Kcd-Bird from what has been given to the public. His journal, kept at the time, is of great interest. He was called from his station, beside the military officer appointed to receive the prisoners, by Kau-.ay-man-ncc. the principal chief of the nation, to stand beside him. and listen to what was said on both sides at this Interview, and tell him whether his speech to the " Big Knives " and their reply to him were rightly interpreted. During the lime of his residence with Ccneral Cass, who was by virtue of his appointment, also superintendent of (he Northrrn Division of the Indian Trit>cs. he was seni to the vicinity o( Sandusky, to learn the language of the Wyandots, or Huron*, their manners and customs, legends, traditions, elc. Of this language he also compiled a grammar. The large amount of Indian lore which he collected in these various researches, was, of course, placed in the hands of his chief. General Cass ; and it is grea»vto be regretted that^s far as can be ascertained not a trace of it now remains extant. Mr. Kimie rceived the appointment of Agenl for the upper bands of the Winnebagoes in iSao., and fixed his residence at the portage, where Fort Winnelxago was in that year constructed. In 1830 he married, and continued to reside among his red-children - to whom he was, and is still proclaimed by the oppressed few who remain, a kind, judicious, and watchful' " father." In 1633 the Kimie family, having established their pre-emption to the quarter section upon which the family mansion had stood since 1804. Colonel Kinzie (such was then his title as aid to the Commander-in- Chief. Governor Cass,) came with his brother in-law, General Hunter, to Chicago, and together thev laid out that part of the town since known as Kimie's Addition.' In 1834 he brought his family to Chicago to reside. Hew-as first President of the village, when a prediction of the present opulcnccand prosperity of the city would have seemed the wildest chimera. He was appointed Collector of Tolls on the canal immediately on its completion In 1B41 Ik was made Registrar of Public I-ands by General Harrison, but was removed by Tyler when he laid aside the mask under which he gained nomination for Vice-President. In 1849, General Taylor conferred upon him the appointment of Receiver of Public Moncysand Ilepositary. His office of Collector he held until commissioned by President Lincoln as Paymaster in the Army, in 1S61. The latter appointment he held until the close of the War. His labors were vast and wearying, for he had the supervision of Michigan. Wisconsin, and Illinois; yet he was too conscientious, in- the state ol the public finances, to apply for more aid. During the four years he discharged this large amount r»f duly with the assistance of but a solitary clerk. It was too much for him ; his health gave way. When a lardy leave of absence arrived, he set out with his family ii[k>ii a journey, in hopes that mountain air or sca-balliing wmilil recruit his exhausted forces. Hut he was destined to reach hardly the lirsi stage of his journey. While riding in the cars approaching I'ittsburgh. and conversing with his ordinary cheerfulness, he re marked a blind man approaching, and. perceiving that he was asking alms, he characteristically put his hand in his pocket. In the act. his head drooped gently, and with a peaceful «igh, his spirit departed t" its rest.

L'olonet Kinzie married, in Middlctovvn, Conn., August o. iSjO, Miss Juliette A. Magill, .daughter of Arthur Magill of that place. He was at that time Indian Agent at Fort Winnebago, and the young couple, after a brief visit in New York, set out for their home in the western wilderness. In the latter pari of September thev arrived at Detroit, and tnok passage on the steamer " Henry Clay," for tlreen Bay, via Mackinaw. Arriving there they passed down the Fox Kiver to the I'ortage ami Fort Winnebago. Colonel Kinzie visited Chicago in Ihe fall i>f I&30, at the time of Dr. Wolcott"s death, and again in the spring of lt)t, the Utter time accompanied by his wife. The family came to Chicago to reside in 1S34. St. James' parish was organized ihe same year, and on the I2lh of October Rev. Isaac W. Dallam arrived in the place to take charge of it. Mr. and Mrs. John II. Kinzie were from the first ni'isl inlliiential anil devoted members <if St. James' Church, and with < iurdon S. Hubbard and Mrs. Margaret Helm may lie considered its founders. The first regular services of the Church were held in a room in a wooden building standing on the corner of Wolcott Inow North Slate) and Kinzie streets, which was lilted up by Mr. Kinzie, anil the lots on Ihe southeast corner of Cass and Illinois, streets, where a church edifice of brick was erected in 103(1-37, were donated by him. The home of Mr. and Mr». Kinzic was on the norlheast corner of Cass and Michigan streets, anil the generous hospitality of IhiiIi boat and hostess was proverbial. Mr. Kinzie lefl a widow, one son and (wo daughters. His eldest son (born at Fori Winnebago! was killed in an engagement at White River, in the summer of iSlis, and he had also buried a daughter. Mrs, Juliette A. Kinzie died September 15, i?7o. at Amagansctt,!.. S. Her death was caused by ihe fatal mistake of a druggist, who sent her morphine, which she unfortunately swallowed instead of i|uininc, which she had ordered.

EttXM MARtON Kin/.if. eldest daughter of John and Eleanor, was born in the " Kinzie House," in December. tSo4, and was probablv the first while child Imrn in Chicago. During the rc-sidence of the family in Detroit she attended school at thai place, and afterward at Middlciown. Ct <>n July 20, 1S23. she was married to Dr. Alexander Wol.-oil, then Indian Agent al Chicago. Her husband died at the agency house in iiy>. and the following year with her sister, -Mrs. Hunter, she accompanied the (loop*, then vacating Fort Dearborn, to Fori Howard, C.rcen Hay. In 1S36 she married, al Detroit, Mich., lion, lieorge C Bates of that city. Mrs. Bates died at Detroit, August 1. iSfio, at the residence of llishop Md'oskey, leaving a husband and one son, Kinlie Hates.

Maria I. RlMail was born in 1S07, and married Lieutenant David Hunter (now ik-ncral). when he was stationed at Fort Dearborn, accompanying him in 1831 totireen Hay. The following is an extract from a letter of lieneral Hunter, dated May 24, li'i). and published in the Calumet Club Reception I'amphlet : on horseback from St. l.ouis, stopping on the way al the log cabins of the earlv settlers, and passing the last house at the mouth of the Fox Kiver. I was married in Chicago, having to send a soldier one hundred and sixly miles, on fool, to 1'eoria for a license. The northern counties in ihe Slate had not then been organized, and were all attached to I'eoria County. My dear wife is still alive, ami in good health ; and I can certify, a hundred limes over, that Chieagu is a first rate place from which to get a good wife."

Rosf.kt Al.LKS KtN/tr. was horn in Chicago, February 8, iSio. Although but two and a half years of age al the time ihe family esca|iei| the Fort Dearliom massacre, its horrid scenes were indelibly imprinted on his mcmorv - even to minor details. He returned with the family to Chicago in iSlfc, and when about nine years of age accompanied his father on a trip to St. l.ouis. lie was sent to Detroit to altend school, going by way of the lakes, and returning on horseback. In he went lo frame du Chien ami took a position there under his broOKf John 11.. who was chief clerk for Ihe American Fur Company, afterward taking his brother s position when the latter was appointed agent of the company. In "S27he relumed to Chicago, and the following year went to Dciroii. In ilfti) his brother John removed to Fort Winnebago as Indian Agent, and Robert went to that place, where he was cmployed as sutler to ihe fort. Mrs. Kinzie mentions in, " Waubun," the fact of bis being there when she arrived in the fall of 1S30, and he |>rohably ai-companied his brother to Chicago a few weeks later oil receiving intelligence of the alarming sickness of Dr. Wolcott, his sister's husband, lie remained in Chicago when the rest of the family left in the spring of 1631, and early in I erected a frame store 011 the West Side - the first frame store in Chicago - and probably the first frame building, aside from the MM erected by (invernment (or Hilly Caldwell in 1!*2S. near the junction of North State and Chicago Avenue. Mr. Kinzic married the daughter of Colonel Wm. Whistler, who came to Chicago as Lieutenant in his lather'* command in 1S03, and returned to the place as commandant at Fort Dearborn in 1S32. In 1S35. Mr. Kinzie becatMC .1 member of the firm of Kinzie. Davis \ Hyde, hardware dealer* : in 1S40 he moved on to a farm at Walnut I. rove. Illinois, where he remained three years. In 1845 he was al Des Muines, and thence went beyond ihe Missouri River in Kansas lo Irade with ihe Indians. In May. 1S61. he was appointed I'avmasier in Ihe army, with the rank of Major, and remained in the service to the time of his death. From isoi lo 1664, he was in Washington, D. C. ; from 1S64 to 1S0S in New Mexico and afterward in Chicago. In person, Major Kinzie was a very powerful, as well as active man. His death was from hrarl disease, ami very sudden. He seemed ouile as well as usual in the morning, hul laler in the day suddenly became ill. and .lied i" a few moments, at his residence on Thirty, fifth Street, Chicago, on Saturday afternoon, December 13. >S73- The funeral services were oMMMCHd by Father Riordan. at St. lames' Roman Catholic Church - the interment was in ("Iracctand Cemetery. It has been written of Robert A. Kinzie: 'He was a man of sterling character and honesty. While his life presented no brilliant succession of great deeds, he was a man who would be remembered as 'Good Major Kinzie.""*

From 1816, when Fort Dearborn was rebuilt, to 1829-50 there was little change in the outward appearance of Chicago, Samuel A. Stoirow, of Massachusetts, Judge-Advocate V. S. A., in 1816-1S. made a three months' tour through t lie West in 18 17. .visiting Fort Dearborn on his route. In a letter to Major-General Brown which was published in the Wisconsin Historical Society's Collections, he says .-

"On (he 2d of October after walking for three <>r four hours, I reached the Kivwr t'hicago, and after ansing it entered Foci Dearborn, where I was kindly entertained by Major Raker and the

Winn Henry K. Schoolcraft visited Chicago, in 1820, he found four or five families living here. He mentions those of John Kin/.ie, Dr. Alexander Wolcott, John 11. Bcaubien and John Crafts, the latter being then at Hardsi rabble.

Two years later 1S22 Charles C. Trowbridge marie a trip from Michigan to Chicago on Government business. He found only "the little Fort Dearborn, one l<>H house, occupied by Mr. John Kiu/ie, agent for Mr. Astor, another by Dr. Wolcott, I'nited States Indian Agent, and another by the late General Beaubien, then a trader." So it was year after year - Fort Dcarlx>m. and the houses of John Kinzie, Dr. Wolcott and Jean Baptiste Beaubien. William H. Keating, who reached Chicago, with the second expedition of Major lajng, June 5, 182;, describes the village as "consisting of a few huts," and offering no inducements to the settler as a place of business for "the whole amount of the trade lit) the lake did not exceed the cargo of five or six schooners, even at the time the garrison received its supplies from Mackinaw." Ebenezer Childs, of La Crosse, made a trip from Green Boy to Chicago in 1821. and again visited the latter place i an 1827. He says the place had not improved any since his former visit. John H. Fonda, of Prairie du Chien, came to Chicago i» 1825. He says :

M that tinK Chicago was merely an Indian Agency, it contained about fourteen houses, and not more than seventy-live or one nundre<l inhabitants at (he most. An agent of the American l ux Company, named (inrdon S. Hubbard, then occupied the fori. 1 he staple business seemed to be carried on by the Indians an<l run-away soldiers, who hunted ducks and muskrats in ihc marshes, nwnj was « K,cat deal of low land ; and mostly destitute of IS*- per. The principal inhabitants were the |t;«vernmrnl] Ag«« U'r. Wolcott], Mr. Hubbard, Frenchman bv the name of Ouilmcilc. and John li. Ueaubicn."

dark, lived several miles up the North Branch, where now are the North Chicago rolling-mills j the I.aframhese brothers lived about an equal distance up the . South Branch, at Hardscrnbble : John Crafts, the agent V, A,mcncan '"r Company, had quarters with John B. Reaubien j David MeK.ee lived on the North Side near the agency-house of Dr. Wolcott. and John Kinz.c and Antoine Ouilmettc lived nearly opposite the fort. Alexander Robinson had a cabin at Hards*: rabble b"t probably lived near the -forks "on the West Side, n 1825. Jeremy Clermont and Peter I'iche were Into*! traders. In January. >X28, Mr. Fonda came again to Chicago as bearer of dispatches from Tort Howard to Fort Dearborn. He says there was no im- -rmement in the place since his former visit, save that "»e tort was strengthened and garrisoned. Since 1X20, nowever. several permanent settlers had arrived at Chi-

Virginia, in the latter pari of the eighteenth century, was released after a long captivity, and with her sister Margaret found her way, or was taken, to Detroit. Elizabeth bec ame the wife or a trader. Clark, and the mother of John K. Clark, an Indian trader for many years in Chicago, and of a daughter named Elizabeth, who married William Alien, and settled in Lapoite, Indiana. Mr. Mckenzie, the father of Elizabeth and Margaret, learning that his daughters were alive, visited Detroit, and on his return to Virginia was accompanied by both of them With their children.

Axcuiuai.d Ci.VIwh-km:, the eldest son was born In Giles County, W, AuguM 28, i&w, His half-brother. Mm K. ("lark, came early to Chicago to seek his fortune, anil Archibald followed him as sihmi a> lie arrived at manhood I [e reached Chicago August 5, 1*2.5, and alter WMMlning aboM one year returned l<> Virginia with John K. Clark, to linns father aiui mother to the place he had determined lo make his home. The Clylionrnc family, consisting of faiher and mother. Jonas and Henley, arrived at Chicago On the sjd of AttftMH, 1S24. ' They were accompanied by John K. Clark and lUiiahclh Kin/ic. a daughter of John Kinrie. who subsequently married Samuel Miller. John K. Clark had an Indian wife, named Mad.iline Mirandeati, sister of Mrs. Joseph Poi1hier|Victnire Mirandcau), who lived in Chicago both prion and after the massacre, although not here at the time. A daughter of John K. Clark ami Madalinc Mirandcau. the wife through whom he received his land in Chicago, is Mill living at Milwaukee. Clark married, Julv II, |S2l,, I'ermelia Scott, daughter of Stephen J. Scott, who settled at tiros I'oint, (Wilmettc) In 162(1.

Jonas Ci.vbocrnr. with his wife and two sons, and their halfbrother Clark. settled on the North Brandt of the Chicago Kivcr, near where now arc the Xufth Chicago rolling mills - building there two cabins. On the 10th of June, 1820, Archibald Clyboume was married at lb*" Grand Rapids" of the lliinois Rim. MM the town or Marseilles, in Mairtiajjotny, daughkrof James Calloway, who had been there settled smne two jcar*. This srems In have been Ihc earliest marriage of Americans recorded in l.a Salle County.

In the summer of 1S24, James Cdlnway left his heme in Sandusky. Ohio, and eameoa heeyefcoefc to Chicago, arming in the fall, lie spent a year in the vicinity, trapping anil examining the country fur a favorable site fora home. I luring the seat he bought the claim id a man named Weed on the Illinois River, ai the point then known as the "(iraml Rapids cd the Illinois." The following year he returned to Ohio, and disposed of his property I here, preparatory to making his home in Illinois. After ration* hindrances Mr. Calloway and his family, consisting of his wife, his daughter Mary, aged about fourleen. Jane nine or ten. Su^in al*>nt two, and his son John, aged about six, Marled from Samtttalty f..r Chicago in October, 1S26. The \css,.| fa which ttuj family embarked was a small schooner, which was to touch at Detroit and Mackinaw before making Chicago. Mr. Calloway, in anticipation nf an extensive trade with the Indians, provided himself with a large assortment of articles suited to the business, which with his l.ot.s, n,,|,| gowU w ere placed on board the schooner. The passage to Detroit ami Mack, maw was slow and tedious, and at both those ports lb* passengers were delayed while the captain had a "1oH» time" on shore living Mackinaw late in the fall, in the midst of a heavy and against the advice of all prudent people, the Captain ran his' vessel aground off the island of St, Helena, about hficen miles from Mackinaw, where his passengers were ol.^.d to remain three or four .Lays, and until they were picked up bv a vessel bclong.ng to the American Kir l ompany which left Mackinaw for Chicago few .lays Iyer The stranded vessel mm well filled wilh water, alhough still whole, bu, much of its cargo was spoiled, including a la gc pan of the goods of Mr. Calloway. What (ottkl be saved although with scr.ons misgivings on the part of the captain as to the projiriety of tak.ng the goods of any trader who was Ll 1 ' \r T^'X which employed film. Communication *W Tv lhL''-gt'nt UUOmm, Who would giveco,^,,, on condition tlia, all too* appertaining ,0 traie s| d be placed in charge of the agent at Chicago, and kept l.v him u, spnng. thus throwing Mr. Calloway out of a winter's Work " would not consent to this, and some arrangement was made h thecap,,,,, « hereby hew-as ,0 be allowed .0 place Ins gofxjs bcrof acquaintances, not 10 say friends, especially in the rival settletiie.it of llardscrabble. and these people eombmcd. with the Ivo. ship carpenters and Mr. Arthur, were dis|»>sed to make a stand f«.r him. When noses were counted it was found that Mr. Calln. way's friends were decidedly in the majority and lleaubien, swearing a blue streak in rxccrably mixed French and Knglish, via. forced to desist from carrying out the behests of ihc agent a:

Mackinaw. Failing ot finding quarters at the fort, and there being no shelter "down town." Chief Alexander Robinson informed Mr I i.illoway that he had an ol<l log cabin at llaidscrabble. which he was welcome i<> occupy. The offer was thankful!* accepted, and as the ftat-boal of Mr. Wallace* of HardscraBblc. als<i a friend of the new.co.ners, was near, the goods were hurriedly piled into it and poled up the riser to the shanty, which was located near the west branch of the South llranch, atioul four miles from the fort. The winter that followed was terribly severe, and the little cabin of one room, crowded besides wilh barrels, proved a most Uncomfortable place for a family of six persons t» live In. At this period of Chicago's history, the Indian was still monarch of all he surveyed. Red skins were the rule and while ones the exception, and the cabin stood near lliemost frequented trail that led to the Desplaiacs and Fox River omnlrv - ft having formerly liecn used as a trading-house. The cabin w.is the farthest in the direction of the Indians, and it was indeed, a terrible ordeal for the family to be transformed, at one move, from comfort and civilization into the very heart of savagery. The older inhabitants, most of them (trought up in the midsl of savages, cared no more for an Indian than awhile man - indeed they minded him less - but the same indifference could not well be expected id newcomers, the more as the women folk were left much of the time alone, Mr. Calloway being about a considerable portion of his time on his claim near the " Crand Rapids " of Ihc Illinois. Oneday .luring the absence of Mr. Uallowav, some idle rumor reached the cabin lhal the Indians on the Auxplaines had taken I he warpath. Old seiilers would have paid little attention lo such a story, but the new comers were lerriblv frightened. .Mr. Calloway was expected home in the evening, and when he did not come, ihc lamily look it for granted that he had been brutally massacred. It was a terrible nighl. The snow was drifting furiously : a keen northwest wind was raking the prairie as with grape shot, and when about midnight the household was awakened by unearthly yells, and loud beatings on the door and windows, they concluded that their hour had come. The wife assumed that the husband - who had been detained by the severity of the storm - had been murdered, and that the fiends, still reeking with his blood, had now mine to dispatch the family- It was evident that there were from a doyen to twenty Indians on the outside, yelling and rattling the door and windows The fact was that these Indians still supposed the house to be a trading-post, and all they wanted was a shelter from the Marching blast. Returning from an extensile hunting expedition nearly frozen, to be denied admission where they expeeled a warm welcome - fur the fur-laden Indian was always a cheering sight to the trailer - was a mystery to them which they were determined to solve. They attempted to force the door, "but failed. Every night, before retiring, it was Mrs. Galloway's custom to thoroughly barricade the door, and it wax no arranged that nothing short of utter demolition would move it from its place. Mrs. Archibald Clybourne ( Mary Calloway ) was then a girl fourteen years of age. and being the eldest, was the onlv one her mother could depend upon fur assistance. There were two axes in the cabin. One of them the mother gave to the daughter, and posted her at one window ; the other she grasped herself, and took a position near the other window. Having made this disposition of affairs, she said, " They have killed father and now they mean to kill us. Hut I .unbound to ki'l one Indian at least before they do it, and you must kill another. The moment you see a head forcing its way by that window, strike." The two women stood guard the whole night, during several hours of which the Indians kept running round and round the cabin to keep warm, now and then emitting unearthly yells. Finally they gave up the effort to gain admittance and made their way to l^twton's ( Laughlon's ) the nearest neighbor, a trader about half a mile away in a southerly direction. Here they met with a ready welcome, and with chattering teeth told how they had fared at the other place. In a few wonts the situation was explained to them, and, as quickly as possible, a Frenchman was dispatched to quiet the fears of the women, who were still standing as guard, fearing at any moment the return of the how ling redskins. The Frenchman did his best, talking through the keyhole to make them understand that no danger was to be apprehended ; but as the folks inside surmised he was only an Indian imitating a Frenchman's broken English, and that the other rcd-dcvil« were close behind htm in ambush, his well intended mission utterly failed of its object, and the stout-hearted women held their post until the dawn of the morning revealed that the coast was clear."

Mrs. Clybourne described the appearance of Chicago in the winter of 1836, as a black and dreary expanse of prairie, with occasional patches of timber. At the month of the Chicago River, which was then at the foot of Madison Street, stood the cabin of Jean Haptistc lieaubicn, and his <hanly warehouse, somewhat nearer the lake. Where the river turned to the south, at the point where Rush-street bridge now crosses the stream, was old Fort Dearborn. On the other side of the river, nearly opposite the fort a double log house occupied jointly by John Kin/ie and Alexander WolcoU,* and near this the blacksmith shop of David McKce and Joseph 1'orthick { Porthier ). At the forks of the river, on the South Side, a cabin used fora store, owned and occupied by James Kin/ic and David Hall of Virginia. \ At I lardscrabhle there were riveorwx cabins, several of which were occupied by the l.afratn buises, of whom there were four : Francis Sr.. Francis Jr.. Joseph and Claude. Another was occupied by Mr. Wallace, another by barney l.awton. [ Itcrnadus II. Laugh'ton, who married. November 11, 1830. Sophia llalcs from Vermont, a sister of Mrs. Stephen Forbes who taught school in Chicago in iSyi.J The Oalloways were in the cabin of t hief Robinson, and there was still another, but Mrs. Clybourne had forgotten the occupant. The Clyboiirncs were on the North Uranch - Jonas anil wife, his sons Archibald and Henley and John K Clark their half-brother. In the spring «( 1827 Mr. Galloway moved his family to his claim at the "Crand Rapids," r.nd there Mary became acquainted with Archibald Clybourne, whose business as drover and butcher took him often to that region, and m the 10th ol June, 1820, she becami ifai wile, the marriage taking place at the frontier cabin on the Illinois. They were married by Rev. Isaac Searritt. On the 12th of June the young couple reached Chicago, and Mrs. Clybourne fountl that several changes and improvements had l>een made since she left the cabin at llardstrabblc as Mary Calloway. Iloth the " Miller House." and "Wolf Tavern" had been erected during her absence. The "Miller House," which was built as early as 1*27, by Samuel Miller, was occupied by Miller and his wife as a dwelling anil ttvem, and also as the store of Miller and Archibald Clybourne The Wolf Tavern, which was rented to Elijah Wentworth the fol-

, * This mini have been the cabin boueht by Murk lleaubi.n. Jmmi kn>- or mi DknS Hill were keeping store im the Wist Side it YVi-lf Pmiit us bile II MM, arid Dt. Unnch Chase, mm- of Milnjiukcr, m their clerk.

lowing year, was occupied in the summer of is-jq by James Kinrie and wife, and his father-in-law, Rev. William Sec. Mr. and Mrs. Clybourne remained at the Miller House two days, and on the 14th of June went to their home on the North Branch of the river, at "l lybourne I'lace." near the North Chicago rolling-mills. Archibald and his wife lived with his parents until 1835. In September of that year he built a small frame house on the " Elston Road," now Fllston Avenue, into which he moved with his family, then consisting of wife and three children. In 1S36 he erected the main building of brick, a spacious building facing the south. It was described in 1877 as standing "a veritable patriarch among its surroundings." "In its day it was the most pretentious residence in the city - though it is doubtful if the limits of the corporation CXtaMM to that point at the time - anil it is now ( 1877 ) the oldest brick building in the city, and with one exception, an old rookery on the northeast corner of Lake and Canal streets, the oldest structure of any sort. The < llybourne mansion - xo called in its days of glory - is a curious structure. It contains about twenty rooms. Toward the west it presents the appearance of a plain double two-story brick, with an ordinary entrance in the center. That which is now the front of the building fating Klstuu Avenue, was imce its side, the real front of the old lime facing smith, toward Chicago, and this has a spacious columned porch. When built there was neither street nor landmark to dctcrmino how the structure should face, except the proprietor's |iersoual preference, and now < 1*77) by a freak of the surveyor, or oilier cause, the building stands in the middle of the tot, the main front facing an adjoining lot instead of the street. The brick for the structure was made near its site, and the maker was he who subsequently became very intimately associated with the history of Chicago,

Archibald Clybourne wns the lirst Constable of Chicago, when it was a precinct of l'eofia County. The following orders were issued bv " P«Ol!a County Court. September (>. 1825."

"Ordered : That the first precinct contain all thnt pari of the Countv cast of the mouth of the Dul'age River, where it empties its waters into the Auxplaines River, and that the elections be held at the agency-house or Cobweb's Hall."*

- "Clltwri Til III " atvoritinii ro Mrs Kiniie in " Waubun." It «»» mIimted ..I llie southwest corner i.l ihu present North Slate and Xoeth Water sirens.

Histokv Of Early Chicago

Al the Mine time ordered : " That Archibald t lj bourne be appointed Constable in and for tin: Counly ot Peoria, and tliat ihe Clerk of thi* fruity lata hi* othcial bond." In June. iSjij, the month id his marriage, he was authnii/c-d to keep' a Icrry in conjunction with Samml Miller "atm*s the Chicago River, al the lower forks, near Wolf Point, crossing (he riser In-low the Northeast branch, and In land on either side of Isolh branches, to suit the convenience of persons wishing to cross." It was ordered that "said CIs bourne and Miller |iay a tas of two dollars and execute a Ixind with sceuiily (or one hundred dollars. The rales for ferriage to be one half the sum that John L. Kogardus pets at his ferry at I'eoria." In the latter part of the same year, December ft, 182.), he was appointed fine of ihe first trustees of the school Mdmn, Archibald Chboorne, Samuel Miller and John II. Ileaulrien comprising 1he board lie was made Justice of Ihe Pence in 1.S31. Jonas Clybournc and bis son Archibald were Ihe early butchers of Chicago. They furnished the garrison at Fort lieartiorn. and

Ihe sect in Chicago, and, as a lavman, ought ever to rank ns oik nf the fathers of that church ; a father to whom the many who no* hold to his faith in these latter days mav point with pride and whose memory may well be cherished bvihem with cndurine affection. *

Duit> Mi Kkk, a settler in Chicago in tSsj or '23, was born in l.oudoun I ounly. \a., Iicccmber 2, iSno. His parents were Scotch, and emigrated from their native counlry In Virginia, subscoucntly settling in Pennsylvania, and later in Ohio. Al the age of thirteen David was placed in a blacksmith shop in Cincinnati to learn the trade, and was (here employed until 1821, when he made a short visit 10 New Orleans. l!v the lerms of ihe Indian lieaiv made at Chicago in i«2i. a blacksmith was to lie kept bv I intern, mcnt al the I lucago agency, for |bc benefit ol the Indians. Mr. .McKce. who was then in Cincinnati, was emjiloveil be Colonel llenj.imin Kcrcbival, Indian Agent at Detroit, lo come to Chicago in that capacity. According to his own recollection he arrived in

1821, but as he accompanied from Port Wavne to Chicago the exploring^ expedition <rf Major Stephen II. l ong, be must have left I'ort \\aync May 2u. 1B23. and reached Port Dearborn lune * of Ihe following month. Mr. UcKcC found but two housed ON the north sule of the river on his arrival - those ol John Kinrie and lir. Alexander Wotatt. The third bouse was built near the agencv- *nt ' - pl1 ''"th'tr. ami the fourth bv Mr. McKee himself. All these houses were of logs - the agency-house being afterward tlaplioardcd part way up. In June, 1827. Mr. McKee was married, by John Kinrie, J. P., at the residence of the latter, to Wealthy, daughter of Stephen J. Scott, of I iron Point, now Wilmctte. About the lime of his marriage, or somewhat lieforc. he -vas appointed mail-carrier for the tiovernmcnl between Port Hearlinen ami !- on Wayne, and made monthly trips between those places V'iVi 7 "is rou,e from Chicago was via Siles. Mich., ami t.lkhart, The journevs were made on horseback, earry- ~f. '"-nl-lwg, camping equipments and lasllv his rifle, upon which he relied lor his daily food. The time of his average trip was fourteen days-ihe shortest was ten davs. He resided in Chicago until iftJ2. at which time he owned four lots near the present sue of ihe Northwestern Railroad depot. This land he sold for **io. and with the money purchased a farm in DuPage County, where he lived until 1874. He moved from this farm and settled upon anmher near Aurora. Kane County, where he died April 9.

Tl« Mik ^^-DEAl- ash PoKTlllKK Families. - Among the few ' >' '«! on >he north side of the river prior to iftf. was one ,1' T ,:-'l:ml OCCBjpled by Joseph pnrihier, a blacksmith Striker for Mr. McKee. Trie widow of Mr. Vorthier is lie- heved 10 be the only person, now living, vrho saw and remembers any circumstance* which transpired in l.hicago. prior to the niltrs. CTcof l8iz. She ,* the tilth child of Jean llaptiste Mirandrau the earlie,l |Krmanent wli.te settler in Milwaukee ami ,1 sojourner in C hicago in 1811 she is now living ( September. i83i| at Dm \ lew near Milwaukee, ami retains a vivi.l ami clear recollection of very early Imics m Chicago, which are deemed of historic value as they were given at twi> different interviews. bcMM which siiml deal time had elapsed to test the reliability of l,cr recollection Without prompting on the part of the interviewer, she corroborated all statements made at the first. She is the 'good Victoir* " mentioned bv Mrs Kiiuie in Waulmn M ( p. 309), and the family servant ol John Kin/ic ami Dr. Wolcott. t.rncvicve and lean Haptistc. w.th the amusing « Tomah." who accompanied John II. Kinda and l.ieuicnant Hunter to Fort Winnebago in HJfc were her sister Mi] brothers. The familv record kept by her father was destroyed after his death, and Mrs. I'orthier cannot give the exact .late of her birth, but from collateral evidence it « believed to have been in l3ou or 1801. - What follows is a* given by Mrs. I'orthier herself in August and September. 1883 -

.My mother was an Ottawa woman; mv father wasa Krenchman. lie was a good scholar, a very handsome man. and had many books, lie taught us children to speak Knack and we all learned to speak Indian of the tribe and mother. We had no schools nor education. [ never learned t? read or write. Mv father had his house in Milwaukee, where he traded with the In. dians and did some Idacksmiihing for them, and for other traders He hxed guns ami traps f..r then. Ilcforc the fort was burned I August IM2 ) my father was down to the fort - the year before -and did blacksmith work there. The familv went down while he was there, and some of us lived t|1B Oiiilmcltc house, across the river bom the fort. My sister Madalinc (afterward the wife of John k. 1 lark > and I saw the fight between old lohn Kinzicand Lahme when he ( Lalime) was killeil.

"TW I.ALIMK HoMiatJK - It was sunset when they used to shut the gates of the fort Kinzic ami l.alimc came nut together and soon we heard Lieutenant Helm call out /or Mr. Kin/ic to look oat fig* Lalime. as he had a pistol, i^uick we saw the men come together; we heird the pist.d gooff, and saw the smoke. Then they fell down together. 1 don't Inn* as Lollma got up at "ill but KtOM gut home pretty quick. lilnod was running from fits snouldcr where Lalime had shot him. fn the night he Backed up some things, and my father took him to Milwaukee, when- he «taid till his shoulder got well and he found he wouldn't be troubled if he came luck. \<>u see Kinzie wasn't to blame at all. lie ui.ln t have any pistol nor knife-nothing. After Lalime shot him and Kinziegot his mm around Mm, 1h- (Lalime) pulled out his duk and as they fell he WW stabbed with his own knife. That is what they a|| said, | did,,', sec the knife at all. I don't reinem- Her where Lalime was barfed. I don't think his grave was very near Mr. Kinzic's house. I don't remember that Mr. Kin/ic ever look care of the grave. That is all I know about it. I don't snow what the quarrel was about. It was an old one-business, I guess.

"After Mr. Kittle came back (kSio) he came opto Milwaukee and visited my falher ami look me to live with him. ( We were IM there when the fort was burned - we had gone bach to Miljuiisir > lined with him until he died, then 1 married Joseph ! .; L. fj r'fc'ichman. and a kind of blacksmith. He worked for McKcc."

Victoire Miramleau, who has partially told her own story, atiuve. was married at l-ort Dearborn to |.,scph I'orthier, by Colo. my. ff. lleaubicn. J. I'.. November s. iSsS. She lived in I'hitag., until 1&35. when Mr. I'orthier. wife and three children, removed to Milwaukee, where he had bought a quarter section of and. Mr. I'orthier died in |!>-5.an.l was buried in Milwaukee. Mis widow lives near Hay View, simih of the cilv of Milwaukee, "> a small bomw built for her by the did settlers of that city. 1 ler urge family of children, like her brothers and sisters, have all are dreary enough-shorn as they are of relatives and friends pinched by poverty and burdened by sorrow.' It U indeed sad that this sol.tary woman, forming perhaps the onlv living link con. necting the present will, the " by-gonc days " of Chicago and Mil waukce. should daw her days in poverty and an cverprcsenl dread of being the recipient of public charily.

IRAS B.miT| MlUXDMU. the' father of Mrs. I'orthier. was an educated rrrnch gei.ileman belonging to one of llie lirst fat* Om of ijuel.ee. He studied fur the prieslmod. but on the eve -f taking orders abandoned his intention, and about the close ..( the Revolutionary \\ar left l.»u*bec with John Vieux for the northwest, lie became an cmpl.oe of the American Kur Compam , and traded some years in il.e Lake Snpcrio, region ami afterward on the W* hash H, Camc ,,, Milwaukee alKHit the year 170s. bringing with him his Indian wife whom he had recently married, and to whom

,'ed ol last .laughter during the late summer of i» 7? ,hu N"rr"wfui "M lad)' is indeed alone. When speakn|£ "I her early friends in t hicag.r- the Kiii/ies. Wol.-.ttts, (lean mm and the many nietnbers of her tribe, her sad refrain is ever K"nc" Her little home, though plain to poverty, is J m, . °J neatness and order, and the garden, tended by her l>wn "anils, is bright uj,|, dowers and vines She speaks Krench, En- Ih u1-' sevcfal Indian dialects well. It is well said of her in nc Milwaukee History : " " If she could have had the ad van. "ifcs an education. Mrs. 1'i^lhier would have Imicii a remarkalevronian, as her memory is almost as accurate as a written reriJi. T f,v>'"^ --< perception are wonderful. 1 m was faithful until bis death, which oeeansd in tSio. lie built a house in Milwaukee and around it had a well cultivated garden.^ " lie was a religious man. and had prayers in his house every evening. His library was quite large, and he spent all his leisure time in reading.. He was a tall line looking man. with crisp curly hair. He was a great favorite of his wild neighbors, who promised him all the land between the river and the lake as far as the North Point, when they made the treaty for the sale of their lands, but he died before that treaty, and Nl r. ( Solomon ) [lllWttl sud cecded him as the chief while man in Milwaukee. His widow survived him until 1M3K, and was well known In many of the earJv setilers of Milwaukee . . Mr. Miramleau was tlie li,sl white man who ever mined here, six-nt his married life here, died ami was buried here t Milwaukee)."

The children of Mr. Miramleau were ten. Jean Haptistr 1st, was poisoned when a child, at ihe month of Rock Kiver. Madalinc 1st. was accidentally drowned in the Milwaukee kiver. Madalinc 2.1 came lo l.'hicago, for a time lived in the family of l-alim«, the Indian Interpreter, and afterwards became the wife of John K. Clark, and died leaving a daughter who still lives at Milwaukee, 't he fourth child was Joseph ; the fifth, Virloire I.Mrs. Joseph I'orthier!. Then came Louis, Jean Haptistr Jd. Kosanne. Henrvievc and Thomas. Jean liajit isle and I iencvieve were servants in John Kin/ic 's and I >r. Wolcolt's families, and Thomas the youngest was the " Toniah" of " Waubon." Nearly all of the younger children dWd in Kansas. After the death of .Mr. Miramleau, his widow, left with no relatives or friend* except among the Indians, took tip her abode among them, and the papers and books of her husband were lost or destroyed Mr. Miramleau was an intimate friend John Kindt) and probably placed hi* children in his family they might escape, a* far as possible, the influence of the Indian*.

Sra-IIKN II. Scurr and family came to the \Ve*t from Pennington, N. V., a small place alioul twenty-eight miles from Buffalo. Although the family did not settle, as a family, directly in Chicago, one of the sons. Willis, lived here continuously from 1826 to 1832, and after removing to the neighboring town of Waukcgan, returned again to Chicago about 1866-67. The daughter* also married and lived in Chicago. Stephen Scott started for the West in tending 10 nettle at St. foe, Mich., but on arriving at that place com-aidcd to cross to Chicago. The schooner, bringing hi* family anil effects, arrived at Chicago August 20. 1826. After looking about the country in the vicinity a little. Mr. Scttl decided to nettle at (iron Point, now Wilmette, and depMMd for that pLue with his family, by schooner, sending word to <me of his sons - Willard - who had remained N-hind w ith a portion ol the goods at St. Joe, to bring them to that point The family landed at tiros Point on the 22d, and a* *oon as possible a log cabin was erected, in which the family lived until int. Willis, however, returned immediately to Chicago where he worked around the fort for a time as hostler for the I'.-i wirgeon, Dr. Einlay, and also worked for the Clvbourncs About the year 1S20 or tSjo. Archibald Clvbourne made a journey to Virginia to get a girl strong and willing to come to Chicago and as*ist hi. mother, who was growing old ami unequal to the task* of pioneer life. He brought back with him a relative, la,iiisa II \~?u*.Z 'w^n, Archibald Caldwell, who with lames Kinmc built the Wolf Point Tavern. Willi* Scott became acquainted with 1 ii* girl at Mr. Clybourne s. and on the 1st of November 1830 she became his wife the marriage ceremony being performed by Rev. \\ilhamSee. I he Scott family remaining a. Gros Point cons.sled of a son WilUrd and three daughter., all of whom were martrtile rwtdi^ there. Wealthy Scott, married, January 23. IM7 David Mckec, and lived on the north side of the rive/ near lu site of Riverside, rhi* tavern was quite pretentious for the limes, anil a favorite resort of the Chicago people \| Kill ii [hat wonderful picture o, early Chicago and the vie n ty Wa " ^^"-V""^". "ve of wfcom-Josette, Mark |r., Oliver Joseph and t-.mily were born in Detroit. 1S26 Mr luJ.wVn came to Chicago to visit his brother, and dc- ' aUb'tn cided to make the place his home, lie tell*

"Jim Kinrie." formed a wing of the new building which is des. rilied in " Waubun" as "a pretentious, white two-story building with bright blue wooden shutter*, the admiration of all the little circle at Wolf Point." Mr. Ileaubien commenced hotd keeping in the log cabin which he bought of Mr. Riniic, and continued the business in the Sauganash, remaining in the latter, which became a very famous house of entertainment, until t*3J. In the latter year he completed another house on the northwest curner of W ells and Lake streets, which was called the " Exchange Coffee House," and (irst kept by Mr. and Mrs. John Murphy. It seems probable that the Sauganash was afterwards called the " Kagle Exchange," as one of Mr. Itcaubicn"* daughters, Mrs, Emily (Ileaubien! I.e Page, states that she once lived in the first frame building in C " hirago. "called the Eagle Exchange on Markel street, near the corner of Lake." Eatly in 1831. at a meeting of the C ommissioner* Court of Cook County, Mr. Ileaubien tiled his bond with James Kinrie as security, agreed to pay into the county treasury fifty dollars, and was licensed to run a ferry aero** the South llramh of the Chicago River - the first ferry in the town. All citiicns of Cook County were to be ferried free with their " traveling apratus," but outsiders were to pay specified rales. A vow was purchased of Samuel Miller for sixty-five dollars, and Mark entered upon his duties. During thai year the Canal Commissioner* held a meeting at Chicago, and the extra ferriage on their account was paid by Cook County. The ferryman charged for his services 87.33- He was licensed as a merchant during 1R31. anil the combined duties of landlord and storekeeper, with occasional hours ol recreation in the wav of horse-raring. caused perhaps some want « attention to the ferry, and the court accordingly- ordered that the ferry should be kept running "from daylight in the morning, tint" dark, without stopping." for the accommodation of Cook County passengers. In the same year he received a license to keep tavern, and probably soon after opened the Sauganash. When Chicago wa* incorporated a* a town in iSjj. the first election of trustees was g| the house of Mr. Beaubien*, which was ever a favorite resort both for purposes of business and of amusement; the merry K°odtHiilt for ll.lly Caldwell.

gouled landlord, and his wife, who i<i described as "a noble woman, and devoted C hristian mother," nuking the Sauganash a place to be rcnii-ml>crcd hy all early travelers. Mr. Beaubien married for his second and last wife Kli/jbcih Matthews of Aurora, by whom he had seven children. He liveil in Chicago for many years, and was the last light-house keeper in the plate, being appointed by President Buchanan, at a salary of $350. He was one of the leader- in the organisation of St. Mary's Church, the first Catholic society in the city, toward the construction of w hich he paid liber, ally, lie was a kind friend to the Indians, who at their treaty with Government in I s" 34 conveyed "to their good friend, Mark Beaubicn" a reservatiim of sixty-four aires of land at the mouth of the Calumet, of which he received the patent signed by Martin Van Kuren, nearly forty years later - having been unconscious of the gift during all those years. When Mark llcaubien came to Chicago he brought with him from Detroit a fiddle, which in his hands discoursed sweet music in the old days, anil will always be remembered in conneetior with the old Frenchman, who, till the last, loved his instrument, and at his death t»cqueathcd it to the Calumet I lub of Chicago, where it remains, a valued possession. Mr. Ileaubien is described as being in his prime "a tall athletic tine appearing man. Frcnchy and polite, (rank, open-hearted, generous to a fault, and. in his glory at a horse-race.'' His favorite dress on "great occasions" was a swallow-tail coat with brass buttons, and, if in the summer, light nankeen trousers. His quaint old song, in regard to the surrender of < icneral Hull at Detroit in IH12, of which he w is a witness, was sung with as much gusto, as Monie Musk anil Fisher's Hornpipe were plaved, and the young people of the new generation listened to his music and stories with as much pleasure a- did his companions in early Chicago. His last visits to Chicago were in 1*71) and 1SS0, at the tunc of the Calumet Club receptions to old settlers, where his vivacity and enthusiasm gave no token of tile approaching end, then so near. The children of Mr. Ileaubien, is given in the Chicago Times, in an article entitled " Ity-gonc Hays," March 20. 1S70. were Joscttc. Mark, t (liver, Joseph and F. m i 1 y , (bora in Detroit). Soliston. David. George, Napoleon, F.dward, Helena, Klixabeth, Cwinny. Frames, Monii|ue and an infant who died unnamed - children of Mark and Motiique Ileaubien; and Robert. Frank, Mary, Ida. Jimmy. Jesse and Slidel. children by his second marriage He died on the ifrth of April. 1SS1. in Kankakee. III., at the house of George Mathews, who married his daughter Mary.

Maimikk II. Ill Al H1KN, second child of (nMicral J. II. Heflubien and Mah-naw-bun-no.quah, an Oltawa woman, was born July 15, iSoo, at Thompson's Creek, of Grand Kivcr, Mich. Ikfore General Ileaubien became agent for the American Fur Company and permanently settled at Chicago, in the fall of l8tS, Madare bad visited Chicago where his father had again married and bought a house, and as early as i s 13, he says, he recollects climbing over the blackened ruins of old Ftirt Dearborn. The business of General Ileaubien as Indian trader required his presence at Mackinaw, Milwaukee and Chicago during certain portions of each year and in these trips he was usually accompanied by his family - relatives of his wife <Jo-*ttc l-a r'ramboisel living in all those places. Madorc had not liecn many years in Chicago, before his father sent him to the Haptist school established by Rev. Isaac McCov, under the auspices of Government, al the place now Nile*, Mich..' then called the Carey Mission. In 1S31. Madorc »as licensed as a merchant, and loon after built a two roomed log house which was the first building on lot No. 1, now the southwest corner of Smith Water and Dearborn streets, lie brought a stock of goods from Detroit and opened a store in one of the rooms, while the other was occupied as a tailor's shop, by Mr. Alison H. Taylor, who had arrived in Chicago in 1*20., and first opened his goods at thr old Kin/ic house on the north side of the river. In 1832 Mr. Taylor, assisted bv his brother Charles, then landlord at the Wolf Tavern, built a wooden bridge over the South liranch of fe. He was Second Lieutenant of the Napcrvillc militia company during the war, anil showed himself brave and fearless. He was later First Lieutenant in Captain Boardman's Chicago company. Mr. Ileaubien first married, in Chicago, Maria Hover, daughter of John K. Boyer, who arrived here in the spring of 1S33. This marriage was dissolved by divorce. His second wife was Keei-ko-qnah, an Indian woman, and on June 4, 1S54. he married for his third and present wife his cousin Theresc (l.aframboiscl Harden, formerly Watkins. the divorced wife of Thomas Watkins of Chicago, and widow of Mr. Harden. This marriage took place at live Baptist Indian Mission, in what is now Shawnee < 'ountv . Kan. Mr. Beaubien left Chicago with the Pottawatomics in the fall of 1S40 ; resided at Council Bluffs until 1S47, and then with the tribe went to Kansas. For many years lie was one of the interpreters of the I'ottawatomies. and was one of the sis commissioners employed by the Nation to transact their business with the United States. In November, I86Z, a treaty was made with the I'ottawatomies, by which those who so elected were given land in severally, and those who desired to continue tribal relations were removed to a diminished reservation. At the time of this treaty Mr. Iteatibien officiated as one of the " head men " of the tribe, but with many others, elected to become a citizen of the United States, and received an allotment of land on account of his wife and mother- lie now resiiles on a farm in Silver Lake Village, nf which he and A T. Thomas - afterward a resident of Topcka. and Clerk of the Cnited States Circuit Court - were the original proprietors. The first store in the village was started by Mr. Beaubien in connection with C. S. Palmer. Mr. Beaubien has three children by his third marriage - Philip II., John B., and George K.

THE Laichtons. - David and llcrnardus Laughton were Indian traders who early hail a store at Hatdscrabhlc on the South Branch, but about 1S27-28 removed to the Desplaines, where Riverside is now. The wife of Bernardus Ijuighton was Miss Sophia Bales, of Vermont, a sister of the wife of Stephen Forbes, who taught the lirst regular school in Chicago.

RfssKl. K. Heaoii k was horn at Litchfield, Conn., in the year 1771). While yet quite young he lost his father. He afterwards learned the trade of carpenter, and worked at it with but little intermission until he was over thirty, and occasionally in alter life, in the intervals of a profession which never occupied his whole time, and largely in the improvement of his own properly. He removed to St. Louis in I Hod, where he earned liberal wages, making sometimes as much as ten to fifteen dollars a day. His health becoming somewhat impaired through the prevailing malaria, his thoughts were turned lo the legal profession through the influence of a cousin, Knssel F.aston. a lawyer residing at St. Louis. Mr. Kastoii offered him free use of his library and oMct, and he entered on a desultory course of study, earning money at his trade in the more busy seasons. He was admitted to the Bar in 1S16. Meanwhile he had lies omc acquainted with his future wife, ami was in iHtd. at Brownsville. Jackson Co., III., to Rebecca, second daughter of William Oxboen, a soldier of the Revolution, who had emigrated from South Carolina lo settle with his family in a free stale. Three sons were born to them in 1817, 1 3 it, and 1S20. On the 24th of January, 1S21, Mr. Hcacock was licensed to practice by the supreme Court of Illinois. In 1S33 his fourth son was born, William 1 ».. now < 1KK3I of Delaware. Iowa, to whom we are indebted for many of the facts here given. In that year, too, the representations of a brother, Keuben B., of Y., he left Joncslx>ro, I'nion Co.. III., for

July 4. Here he concluded to remain, and took up his residence' within the enclosure of Fort Dearborn, at that lime unoccupied bv the military ; and here a second daughter was born early in 1S2S. About May of that year he removed to a log cabin and claim, which he had purchased of Peter I^impsett. It was about the "center of Section 32. Township 10. Range 14; "about three-quarters of a mile southcist of the lock at Bridgeport, and one mile due south of I larilserabblc." At one of the election* in 1S30, he was judge and u another clerk : and in |3JI, he was one of two commissioners appointed to lav out a road from Shclbyvillc to Chicago. He w as licensed to keep tavern, and was one of-the seven justices appointed the Chicago River, near the forks - a log foot-bridge having been previously constructed over the North Branch. The following year Maiiorc B. Ileaubien was appointed one of the committee to contract fi>r repairing these bridges. His store was not a success. Looking at the courtly old gentleman of seventy-four - erect.

h.uulvime, suave and polished, it is easy to see that the young man of twentv-one would hardly relish ariv confinement to the drudgery »f trading and bartering with Indians. S> he failed in business but was ready for Imih the sports and dangers of frontier life, and until tlie tidings of the Black Hawk War aroused him. the attrac ttons of the wolf hunt, the race or the dance, kept him from a for Cook County. Scptemlier 10, 1831. lie seems to have been nne of the firsl justice* to hold court | but as lawyer <* Justice his business was noi large in 1831. In 1S32 ii was 'but lit'lle belter. Chicago's greatest interest ol that year centering in the lllack Hawk War ami the Asiatic cholera; ami llcacirck maile a living chiefly by his tra<ir, About 1832 there appeared in a iluffaln paper several letters from him to his brother, a merchant -if that place, from the .->ouin iiraurn ui me 1 imago Kiver into the I k^pl.iinc-, ami that by this means the American Fur Company transported their annual supplies to their trading posts mi ihe Illinois kiver and its tributaries. At a meeting for incorporation o| Chicago as a tow n, August 10.1833, Ihe thirteen rotmcattl his was the onlv one against the -ncorporalion, which showed at least csceptional lidclily to cm. viclion ami independence of opinion, recognized as characteristic of tile man. At the Indian Irealv of September at}, 1833. |u. received one hundred dollars. Meanwhile in the suinnur of 1&33 Ihe ( hicago school seelion was subdivided, and all but four of It* one hundred and forly-iwo blocks so|d.at aucti.m L* on a credit of one, two and three vears on the petition of the inhabitants. Several )l( tncsc ,Ml> onlt jn| ( pg^^gQ <jf Mr ii^^j, among others, Lot 7, Hnck 1 17. frontage soiul, on Adams Street which be des.gncsl for a residence, lie was among the original HAacribm to the lirst Chicago newspaper in November. At* llial his children might be nearer school, he removed in 1*14' ml,, a bote on ihe east bank of the South Hranch, a little south' of IsanAilph Mreet The lands arouml Chicago bring thrown M Ihe market m Ujj Mr. Heacnck became as extensive a purchaser S w,M,,ld W«« ««e«l Ihe most sanguine men he preceded u, remove ,t on rollers. -- This huuse." say, his * he occupied, of! and 00. until his death." Mere his fifth mm younges, child was Cndcr dale of AiigtM , ,8 » had urn advertised as attorney, which is perhaps L^SitoS o, " , "7 UE? « » J'Wice : and he appears a, al- inaw, I7fu, according to popular In-licf. and his age as staled at ihe lime of hi. death, although the years of his life are somewhat doubtful. Mis father was ,1 Scotch trader who had been an oflicer in the Itrilish army, and his mother was an Ottawa woman." II, married at Mackinaw and moved wilh his wife to the St. Joseph in Michigan, where he became an Indian trader, and. it is said an ass,Kiaie of J,*«ph llaillv. With other friendlv l'otiawatomies he <lid all in his power to shield the Americans from the furv of the hostile Indians, at the lime of. and after, the fart Dearborn mas. sacre. I le arrived on Ihe scene too lale 1o do anything 10 prevent ihe massacre, of which he was a witness ; but. on his return to Si J.NCph. be received and sheltered ihe familv of Mr. Kinzk who received from himself and wife "aH possible kindness and hospi- 1ahty for several months."! Not confining their good deeds to the family of Mr. Kin/ie. the generous host and hostess. KimJiug thai Captain and Mrs. Heabl, who had been brought 10 St. Jovph by Jean llapliste Chandonnais. clerk of Mr. Kin/ie. were in dan. gcr ..f befaf recaptured and taken back tolhe Kankakee, he carried them safety in a bark earn* to Mackinaw, a distance of three hundred miles, when- they were surrendered to the Itrilish commandant. It is not known jusi when Robinson settled in Chicago, but he had been here, al least two seasons, and wilh Anioine Oiulmcttc had cultivated the field belonging to the fort, raising thereon com. w hen 1 aptain Ikadlev arrived to rebuild Fort Dearborn in I SK,. In 1*25 his personal property was assessed at $200, by the I'eoria County Assessor. He served in 1S21 and 1.S3/1 as Indian interpreter under Dr. Wolci.ti, al a-salarv of $365. during Ihe latter war. lie is recorded as a voter in 1*25, i*2fi and IS 30. and on June 5 of the latler year was licensed In keep tavern in Chicago. He had owned prior u> this lime, a cabin or trading-post at llardscrabblc, but vacaled it before iS2f>. On Scpicmlier »S. 1836. he was mar. ried by J'.hn Kin/ie. J. I'., to Calherinc 1 hevalier. daughter of l-ranc.»is and Mary Arm ( hevalier. Francois Chevalier was chief of a united liand of I'ottawaiomies, ( Hiawas and Chippewas ; whit his village al the Calumel. At his deal h, Uobins..n liecame chief of the baud. Al Ihe treaty of I'rairie du Chicn, luly, 1S21), he was granted two sections ol land on the llesplaines ;' bv the treaty of ( amp Tippecanoe, October 20. iS32, a life annuity of $2uo. and by ihe Chicago treat) of September. 1S33, an addhional annmty of S300. His exertions, with those of liillv Caldwell, prevented the tribe from joining Ihe Sauks in the Winnebago War of l."27. and (Slack Hawk in 1S32. During the latter pari of his residence in Chicago, he lived at W olf l\,inl. where he had a store or tradinK-lioiise. Afler the Indians were remosed bevond the Mis. sissipp!, he seltled with his fatally On his reservation on the I (espial ncs. where he lived until his dcalh. which occurred April 22. IIS72. His wife died Augusi 7. 1S00. Thev were both, with I wo -oris and a daiighler-in-law. burie.1 on the bank of Ihe river near the old home.

Bll i.v Cm oivki.i. (Saiiganashi, one of the most conspicuous, as well as one of the hum notable, characters identified with the history of early ( hicago, was an Indian half-breed. He was the son of a Colonel Caldwell, an Irish ofricer in the Urilish armv staiioncd .11 Ik-iroii, and was br.rn about ihe veiir 1730. His mother was a Pottawatomie, and is said to have 'been remarkable lor her beauty and intelligence, liillv received a good education at Hie Jesuit schools of Dctmil and learned to speak and write Ihe hreneli and Knglish languages lluentlv. lie also acquire.1 llw knowledge of a number of Indian dialecis. Utile is known in detail of the cvenls of his life, bui we know ihat he look an active part against ihe Americans in the War of i8i». In person he was large and commanding, of great strength and power of endurance. At tirsi his Indian name was " Straight Tree." on account of his fine appearance, bin he is belter known bv the name of Sauganash. or the Knghshman. He earlv fell under 'ihe influence of Tecumseh. became the secretary of that warrior, and was intiinalelv associated with him from 1S07 uniil Tecumsch's death. Very iitile is known of Caldwell's career as a warrior, for upon the subject of the war he was always remarkably reticent. He undoubtedly Wt» engaged in most of ihe battles in- actions in which Tccumsch was engaged, and he was often sent bv his chief on im|>ortant missions, le and Shaw-bo-nee. do not appear to have been present al Fort Dearborn before or al the time of the massacre, but we find them J Hiit. CriBfc T " « . I .-, - p. igo.

Ixith here the next day when they were instrumental in saving the family of John Kin/ie. It is altogether likely that they were the runners sent by Tee-umseh to the Pottawatomics to inform them in regard t.» the fall el I on Mackinac ami to bring them a* far as possible in league with him. The incident of hi* saving the Kinme family is related 111 the sketch given elsewhere of the life of John Kinzic. Caldwell participated in the battle of the Thames CKtober 5, iSt3, where Tccumseh was killed, but what active service he was engaged in after that is not known. The credential he gave Shawboncc show - that he was a captain in the Itriiish Indian Department as late a* 1816. 1 hat document reads as follows :

" This i» to certify that the bearer of this name. ChambUe was a faithful companion to me during the late war with the United Mates. The bearer joined the late celebrated warrior lecumseh, of the Shawnee nation, in the year 1807. on the Wabash Kiver. and remained with the above' warrior from the comrrcncemcnl of hostilities with the United States until our defeat II Moravian Town, on the Thames, October j, 1813. I 1 witness to his intrepidity and courage as warrior on is. and he showed a great deal of humanity to those unfortunate sons of Mars who fell into his hands.

At what time Caldwell look up his residence near Kort Dearborn is not dehnitcly known, but probably about the vear 1820. Chicago was still a trading post, but the fort had been rebuilt and an Indian Agent resided here. It was a central puitn where the Indians gathered to receive their annuities and do Iheir trading. In 1820 we lind Caldwell duly appointed Justice of the Peace for I'cona County, but he probably was seldom called upon to act in his oll.cia! capacity. He was a voter, and his name appears on the poll lists of 182b and 1S30. He usually olfi. iated as one of the clerks of the election, lly the treaty with the I'ottawatomies held at Prairie du Chien in 1S20,, two and one-half section* of land on the Chicago Kiver were granted to him. and by the subsequent treaties of 18.32 and 1S33 an annuity aggregating one thousand collars was bestowed by the UotMIMMnt. The land was located on the North Branch, about six miles from the junction with thc main river. This land he sold at an early day. There was also a house built (or him by the Hcpartnvent for Indian Affairs on the North Side near where is now the corner of Slate Street and Chicago Avenue. He was always, after his removal to f ort Dearborn, the unchangeable friend of the whites, and his influence with his tribe was exerted lo preserve peace. 1 11 I S27 at the t i me of the threatened outbreak by the Wiunebagoes, and when the latter were doing all in their power lo engage the Pottawatomics in a war with the whites, it was the influence of Caldwell and Shawboncc that prevented it. And again in 1832 he prevented his people from allying themselves with Black Hawk in his desperate raid on the while settlements. Caldwell was very desirous of teaching his people the habits and customs of the whites. He wanted them to become educated and civilized. When Mr. Watkins started a school in l»3», Caldwell offered to pay the tuition and buy book* and clothes for all Indian children who would attend school, if they would dress like the Americans, but it is slated none of them accepted. Neither did be approve the Indian custom of polygamy, and he never had but one wife, fie found in her however a temper sufficiently hot for several, and his cabin is said to have often resounded with her animated tones, when rating her liege lord. She is said to have been a sister of the chief " Yellow Head", and :> daughter ol Ncc-s. il-m-mcg. >u -1 1 1>-- pnnr ;>.il | mi, ipatQM in the massacre of 1812. They had one son who died in youth. James M. Bucklin, the chief engineer of the Illinois \ Michigan 1 ana in 1S30, - iys ,.| < ildwell:

'. rrom Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, with some education and great intelligence, who had explored the country in every direction. I often procured valuable information .hiring mv explorations. It was he who lost suggested making a feeder .»f the I alamic Kiver " When the lime came for the removal of the Indians, under the variou> treaties made with them, Caldwell's influence was c-xertcsl to make the removal peaceful and successful. He determined to leave his cherished white friends behind, and cast his fortunes with his people, and share their privations and trials with them. In tBJO, under the leadership of Captain Kussell the Government Agent, and Billy Caldwell, the Indiana to the number of nearly twenty-five hundred assembled for the last time at Chicago, lo receive their payments and thru lake up Iheir line of march for their new home on the Missouri, at Council Bluffs. Through the ol Sauganash the removal was accomplished with ease He never relumed again to the scenes of his youth Age was coming on him. and the bustling activity of the ambitious young cilv had no charm for one whose life had l>een passed amid the wil

" The other day several newspapers were brought to us; and peeping over them, to our astonishment we found that the hero of the late war was called a coward. This would have surprised the

Tce,lmwh of ,hc M,-'»n«-*. an'l Kound (lead an.l Walk-in-thc- Water ol the Wyandotts. If lhc departed could rise again, they would say to ihe white man that General Harrison was lhc terror nf the kite K.mahawkcrs. The first time we got ac quauued with General Harrison, it was at the council-lire of the late Old I cm pest. General Wayne, on the headquarters of the Walrash, at (.rccnvillc, 170.!,. From thai time until 1M1. we had many friendly smokes with him. bin from 1812 we changed our tobacco smoke into powder smoke. Then we found General Har- "son a bfave warrior and humane to his prisoners, as reported to Us hy two of lerumsch's young men who were taken in the fleet with Captain Barclay on the loth of September. 1813. .,m| on lhe 1 names, where he rouled botb llie red men an.l lhc British, an.l where he showed his courage an.l his humanity to his prisoners both white and red. Sec report of Adam Brow n and family lakcii on the morning ol the battle, October 5, 1813. We are lhc only tw-o surviving of that day in this country. We hope the ejupj white men will protect ihe name of General Harrison. We remam your friends forever.